,ECONOMICS & ,POLITICS 9 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SPA9 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,K>L ,KORS* 

,TEXT 3 

,FIR/ PUBLI%$3 9 ,LIV+ ,M>XISM1 ,VOLUME #d1 ,NUMB] #c1 ,MAY #ai* 

,S\RCE3 ,CLASS ,AGA9/ ,CLASS2 

,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,ZDRAVKO ,SAVESKI1 = M>XI/S4ORG #b#i2 

,9 ORD] TO WORK \T A REALI/IC APPROA* TO ! CON/RUCTIVE WORK ( ! 
REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT 9 ,CATALONIA & O!R P>TS ( ,SPA91 WE 
MU/ NOT CONFRONT ITS A*IEVEM5TS EI!R ) SOME AB/RACT IDEAL OR 
) RESULTS ATTA9$ UND] 5TIRELY DIFF]5T HI/ORICAL CONDITIONS4 
,!RE IS NO D\BT ?AT ! ACTUAL \TCOME ( 0COLLECTIVIZATION10 EV5 
9 ?OSE 9DU/RIES ( ,B>CELONA & ! SMALL] T[NS & VILLAGES ( 
,CATALONIA :]E IT CAN BE /UDI$ AT ITS BE/1 LAGS F> BEH9D ! 
IDEAL CON/RUCTIONS ( ! OR?ODOX SOCIALI/ & COMMUNI/ !ORIES1 
& EV5 MORE SO BEH9D ! L(TY DREAMS ( G5]ATIONS ( 
REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/ & AN>*I/ WORK]S 9 ,SPA9 S9CE ! DAYS 
( ,BAKUN94 

,AS TO HI/ORICAL ANALOGIES1 ! A*IEVEM5TS ( ! ,SPANI% 
REVOLUTION DUR+ ! P]IOD :I* BEGAN ) ! RAPID C\NT]-ACTION 
( ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S AGA9/ ! 9VASION ( ,FRANCO & HIS 
FASCI/1 ,NATIONAL-,SOCIALI/1 & B\RGEOIS-DEMOCRATIC SUPPORT]S1 & 
:I* N[ RAPIDLY APPROA*ES ITS F9AL PHASE1 %\LD NOT BE COMP>$ 
) ANY?+ :I* HAPP5$ 9 ,RUSSIA AFT] ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#a#g1 NOR ) 
! PHASE ( ! SO-CALL$ W> COMMUNISM #a#i#a#h-#b1 NOR ) ! 5SU+ 
PHASE ( ! ,N,E,P4 ,DUR+ ! :OLE PROCESS ( REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 
BEG9N+ ) ! OV]?R[ ( ! MON>*Y 9 #a#i#c#a1 !RE HAS NOT 
BE5 ONE S+LE MOM5T :5 ! WORK]S1 OR ANY P>TY OR ORGANIZATION 
SPEAK+ 9 ! NAME ( ! REVOLUTION>Y VANGU>D ( ! WORK]S1 HAVE 
BE5 9 POSSESSION ( ! POLITICAL P[]4 ,?IS IS TRUE1 NOT ONLY ON A 
NATIONAL1 BUT ALSO ON A REGIONAL SCALE2 IT APPLIES EV5 TO ! 
CONDITIONS PREVAIL+ 9 ! SYNDICALI/ /RON<OLD ( ,CATALONIA DUR+ 
! FIR/ MON?S AFT] ,JULY1 #a#i#c#f1 :5 ! P[] ( ! GOV]NM5T HAD 
BECOME TEMPOR>ILY 9VISIBLE1 & YET ! NEW & /ILL UNDEF9$ 
AU?ORITY EX]CIS$ BY ! SYNDICATES DID NOT ASSUME A DI/9CT 
POLITICAL *>ACT]4 ,/ILL ! SITUATION >IS+ FROM !SE CONDITIONS 
IS NOT ADEQUATELY DESCRIB$ AS ?AT ( A 0DUAL P[]40 ,IT REPRES5T$ 
RA!R A TEMPOR>Y ECLIPSE ( ALL /ATE P[] RESULT+ FROM ! SPLIT 
BETWE5 ITS 7ECONOMIC7 SUB/ANCE :I* HAD %IFT$ TO ! WORK]S & 
ITS 7POLITICAL7 %ELL1 FROM ! V>I\S 9T]NAL CONFLICTS BETWE5 ! 
=CES ( ,FRANCO & ! =CES ( ! 0,LOYALI/S10 ,MADRID & 
,B>CELONA1 &1 F9ALLY1 FROM ! DECISIVE FACT ?AT ! MA9 FUNCTION 
( ! BUREAUCRATIC & MILIT>Y MA*9]Y ( ANY CAPITALI/IC /ATE1 
! SUPPRESSION ( ! WORK]S1 C\LD NOT OP]ATE 9 ANY EV5T AGA9/ 
WORK]S 9 >MS4  

,!RE IS NO USE >GU+ 7AS MANY PEOPLE HAVE DONE7 ?AT DUR+ 
! MANY PHASES ( ! REVOLUTION>Y DEVELOPM5T ( ! LA/ SEV5 
YE>S !RE HAS EVOLV$ MORE ?AN ONCE-9 ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#c#d1 &1 AGA91 9 
,JULY1 #a#i#c#f1 & 9 ,MAY1 #a#i#c#g-AN 0OBJECTIVE SITUATION0 9 :I* ! 
UNIT$ REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S ( ,SPA9 MI<T HAVE SEIZ$ ! P[] ( 
! /ATE BUT DID NOT DO SO EI!R ON ACC\NT ( !ORETICAL SCRUPLES 
OR BY REASON ( AN 9T]NAL WEAKNESS ( !IR REVOLUTION>Y ATTITUDE4 
,?IS MAY BE TRUE 9 REG>D TO ! ,JULY-,DAYS ( #aicf :5 ! 
SYNDICALI/ & AN>*I/ WORK]S & MILITIAS ( ,B>CELONA HAD /ORM$ 
! >MS DEPOTS ( ! GOV]NM5T & FUR!R EQUIPP$ !MSELVES ) 
! WEAPONS SEIZ$ FROM ! DEFEAT$ FASCI/ REVOLT1 JU/ AS IT MAY BE 
TRUE 9 REG>D TO ! ,JULY-,DAYS ( #a#i#a#g1 :5 ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S 
& SOLDI]S 9 ,PETROGRAD DEMON/RAT$ UND] ! ,BOL%EVIK SLOGANS 0ALL 
P[] TO ! ,SOVIETS0 & 0D[N ) ! CAPITALI/ M9I/]S10 & 
:5 DUR+ ! NI<T FROM ! SEV5TE5? TO ! EI<TE5? A 
RELUCTANT ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY WAS F9ALLY 
COMPELL$ TO REV]SE ITS E>LI] REFUSAL TO P>TICIPATE 9 A 
0PREMATURE0 REVOLUTION>Y ATTEMPT & UNANIM\SLY TO CALL UPON ! 
SOLDI]S & ! PEOPLE TO TAKE >MS & JO9 :AT !Y /ILL DESCRIB$ 
AS A 0PEACEFUL DEMON/RATION40 

,AS AGA9/ ?OSE PEOPLE :O TODAY1 TW5TY YE>S AFT] ! 
EV5T1 EXTOLL ! REVOLUTION>Y CONSI/5CY ( ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP 
( #a#i#a#g1 TO ! DETRIM5T ( ! 0*AOTIC IRRESOLUTION0 DISPLAY$ BY 
! DISS5SIONS & WAV]+S ( ! ,SPANI% SYNDICALI/S & 
AN>*I/S ( #a#i#c#f-#c#h1 IT IS QUITE APPROPRIATE H]E TO RECALL ! FACT 
?AT 9 ?OSE BLACK DAYS ( ,JULY1 #a#i#a#g1 ?REE MON?S BE=E ! VICTORY 
( ! ,R$ ,OCTOB] 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA1 ,L59 & HIS ,BOL%EVIK P>TY ALSO 
W]E UNABLE TO PREV5T OR TO TURN 9TO VICTORY A SITUATION :I* WAS 
DESCRIB$ AT ! TIME 9 ! FOLL[+ MANN] BY ! LATE ,S4 ,B4 ,KRASS9 
:O HAD BE5 A ,BOL%EVIK & WAS LAT] TO ACCEPT HI< (FICE 9 ! 
,SOVIET GOV]NM5T1 BUT AT ?IS TIME WAS ! MANAG] ( AN 9DU/RIALI/ 
E/ABLI%M5T3 0,! SO-CALL$ MASSES1 PR9CIPALLY SOLDI]S & A NUMB] 
( HOOLIGANS1 LOAF$ AIMLESSLY AB\T ! /REETS = TWO DAYS1 FIR+ 
AT EA* O!R1 (T5 \T ( %E] FRI<T1 MELT+ AWAY AT ! SLI<TE/ 
AL>M OR FRE% RUMOR1 & )\T ! SLI<TE/ IDEA ( :AT IT WAS 
ALL AB\T40.<#a.> 

,EV5 A CONSID]ABLE TIME LAT] :5 ! PROCESS ( 
GLORIFICATION ( VICTORI\S ,BOL%EVISM HAD ALREADY SET 91 BUT A MILD 
0SELF-CRITICISM0 WAS /ILL POSSIBLE AMONG ! HI<] RANKS ( ! 
RUL+ P>TY1 ! ,BOL%EVI/ PEOPLE'S COMMISS>1 ,LUNA*>SKY1 RECALL$ 
! SITUATION ( ,JULY1 #a#i#a#g1 BY ! FOLL[+ WORDS3 0,WE >E B\ND TO 
ADMIT ?AT ! P>TY KNEW NO WAY \T ( ! DIFFICULTY4 ,IT WAS 
COMPELL$ TO DEM& ( ! ,M5%EVIKS & ,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTIONI/S1 
?R\< A DEMON/RATION1 SOME?+ !Y W]E ORGANICALLY UNABLE TO 
DECIDE UPON1 &1 MEET+ ) ! REFUSAL ! P>TY HAD EXPECT$1 IT 
DID NOT KN[ H[ TO PROCE$ FUR!R2 IT LEFT ! DEMON/RATORS >\ND 
! ,TAURIDA ,PALACE )\T A PLAN & GAVE ! OPPOSITION TIME TO 
ORGANIZE ITS =CES1 :ILE \RS W]E BREAK+ UP1 & CONSEQU5TLY WE 
W5T D[N TO A TEMPOR>Y DEFEAT ) EYES QUITE OP540 

,NOR W]E ! IMM$IATE CONSEQU5CES ( :AT MAY BE CALL$ 
H]E1 9 ANSW] TO ! (T-REPEAT$ 9DICTM5T ( ! LACK ( 
REVOLUTION>Y LEAD]%IP MANIFE/$ BY ! ,SPANI% SYNDICALI/S1 A 
0FAILURE0 ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ,BOL%EVIK P>TY TO SEIZE ! POLITICAL 
P[] 9 AN OBJECTIVELY REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION1 ANY BETT] = ! 
,RUSSIAN ,BOL%EVIKS ( #aiag ?AN !Y HAVE BE5 9 #aicd & '#c#f & '#c#g 
= ! ,SPANI% SYNDICALI/S & AN>*I/S4 ,ON ! EI<TE5? ( ,JULY1 
#a#i#a#g1 ! MIS*IEV\S ACCUSATION WAS RAIS$ AGA9/ ,L59 ?AT ALL HIS 
ACTIONS S9CE HIS >RIVAL 9 ,RUSSIA1 & P>TICUL>LY ! >M$ 
DEMON/RATIONS ( ! PREC$+ TWO DAYS1 W]E SECRETLY DIRECT$ BY ! 
,G]MAN ,G5]AL ,/AFF4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK HEADQU>T]S W]E RAID$4 ,!IR 
NEWSPAP] (FICES W]E CLOS$4 ,KAM5EV & ,TROTSKY & NUM]\S O!R 
,BOL%EVIK LEAD]S W]E >RE/$4 ,L59 & ,S9OVJEV W5T 9TO HID+1 
& ,L59 WAS /ILL 9 HID+ :51 ALMO/ TWO MON?S LAT]1 HE W>N$ 
HIS COMRADES AGA9/ JEOP>DIZ+ !IR REVOLUTION>Y 9DEP5D5CE BY 
AN UNRES]V$ SUPPORT ( ! PEOPLE'S FRONT GOV]NM5T ( ,K]5SKY 
AGA9/ ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y REBELLION ( ! COMM&]-9-*IEF 
( ! ,RUSSIAN ,>MIES1 ,G5]AL ,KORNILOV4 

,?US1 IT CANNOT BE SAID 9 FAIRNESS ?AT ! ,SPANI% WORK]S 
& !IR REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/ & AN>*I/ LEAD]%IP NEGLECT$ 
TO SEIZE ! POLITICAL P[] ON A NATIONAL OR EV5 ON A REGIONAL 
,CATALONIAN SCALE UND] CONDITIONS :5 ?IS W\LD HAVE BE5 DONE BY A 
REALLY REVOLUTION>Y P>TY SU* AS ! ,RUSSIAN ,BOL%EVIKS1 ,IT MAKES NO 
S5SE TO ACCEPT ! TACTICS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,BOL%EVIKS 9 ,JULY1 #a#i#a#g1 AS 
A 0CAUTI\S & REALI/IC REVOLUTION>Y POLICY0 & D5\NCE ! SAME 
POLICY AS A 0LACK ( REVOLUTION>Y =ESI<T & DECISION0 :5 IT IS 
REPEAT$1 UND] EXACTLY ANALOG\S CONDITIONS1 BY ! SYNDICALI/S 9 
,SPA94 ,ONE MI<T !N AS WELL SUBSCRIBE TO ! P>ADOXICAL /ATEM5T 
MADE BY ,PASCAL TWO-HUNDR$ YE>S AGO ?AT 0:AT IS TRUE ON ?IS SIDE ( 
! ,PYR5EES IS A LIE ON ! O!R40 

,?IS IS NOT TO SAY ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y ACTIONS ( ! 
,CATALONIAN WORK]S HAVE NOT BE5 FETT]$ BY !IR TRADITIONAL ATTITUDE 
( NON-CONC]N$NESS 9 ALL MATT]S POLITICAL & NOT /RICTLY ECONOMIC 
& SOCIAL4 ,EV5 !IR MO/ RADICAL /EPS 9 ! FIELD ( ECONOMIC 
RECON/RUCTION1 TAK5 AT A TIME :5 !Y APPE>$ & HELD !MSELVES 
TO BE UNRE/RICT$ MA/]S ( ! SITUATION1 W]E SUFF]+ FROM A 
C]TA9 LACK ( ?AT S+LE-M9D$NESS & CONSI/5CY ( PURPOSE BY 
:I* ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL MEASURES ( ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP 
9 ,RUSSIA BO? 9FURIAT$ & T]RIBLY FRI<T5$ !IR 5EMIES AT HOME 
& 9 EV]Y B\RGEOIS C\NTRY ALL OV] ! WORLD4 ,!RE IS1 9 ! 
B\RGEOIS REPORTS ON CONDITIONS 9 REVOLUTION>Y ,SPA91 V]Y LITTLE ( 
! UNEAS9ESS ) :I* =EIGN SPECTATORS LOOK$ AT ! ASSUM$ 
0ATROCITIES0 ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA AT ! TIME ( ! 
0SANIT>Y CORDON40 7,EV5 ! =M]LY REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XI/1 ,K>L 
,KAUTSKY1 9 ?OSE DAYS REPEAT$ &1 AS ,I ?9K1 S]I\SLY BELIEV$ 9 
! NEWS ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP 9 ,RUSSIA HAD CR[N$ !IR 
EXPROPRIATORY MEASURES BY A 0SOCIALIZATION ( ! WIVES ( ! 
B\RGEOISIE407 ,!RE IS1 AS COMP>$ ) ?OSE EXUB]ANCES1 EV5 A 
T\* ( HUMOR & A C]TA9 JOVIAL RELIANCE ON :AT ! REPORT] CALLS 
! P]SI/+ 09DIVIDUALISM0 ( ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE1 9 ! /ORY ( 
! ,SPANI% 0COLLECTIVIZATIONS0 GIV5 BY A SPECIAL CORRESPOND5T ( ! 
7,LONDON7 ,TIMES AT ! H\R ( ! >RIVAL ( ! ,NEGR9 GOV]NM5T AT 
,B>CELONA3 

,! >RIVAL ( ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T BR\<T NEW LIFE TO 
,B>CELONA4 ,! HUGE CITY WAS BEG9N+ TO DROOP UND] ! BURD5 ( 
COLLECTIVIZATION4 ,HAPP9ESS CANNOT BE COLLECTIVIZ$ 9 ,SPA91 :]E ! 
9DIVIDUAL P]SI/S 9 REMA9+ HIS [N MA/]4 ,AN HOTEL PROPRIETOR 
:O C\LD NOT 5DURE TO BE A WAIT] 9 HIS [N E/ABLI%M5T IS A 
WAIT] ELSE:]E4 ,( A WELL KN[N ,CATALAN ACTOR IT IS TOLD ?AT1 
WE>Y+ ( PLAY+ ! PR9CIPAL P>T ON ! SC5E & A HUMBLE ONE ON 
! PAYROLL1 HE PROPOS$ EX*ANGE ) A SC5E %IFT]1 SAY+3 0,WE 
E>N ! SAME1 LET ME PULL ! ROPES :ILE Y\ GO & PULL ! FACES40 
,IT HAS BECOME QUITE A JOKE1 ?\< A POOR ONE1 AMONG AUDI5CES AT 
C9EMAS TO PO9T \T PR(ESSORS ( ! ,CONS]VATOIRE PLAY+ SECOND 
FIDDLE 9 ! B&4 

,EV5 ! MORE ELABORATE & MU* MORE HO/ILE REPORT GIV5 ONE 
MON? LAT] BY ! ,B>CELONA CORRESPOND5T ( ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES WAS 
SUPPLEM5T$ BY SOME QUITE ATTRACTIVE PICTURES :I* ILLU/RAT$ ! 
LIFE & WORK 9 0,COLLECTIVIZ$ ,%OPS 9 ,SPA910 & :I* W]E MADE 
EV5 MORE ATTRACTIVE TO ! /ATE-WOR%IP+ & BOND-SPECULAT+ 
READ]S ( ! ,TIMES BY ! *E]FUL REM>K ?AT 0,BECAUSE LOYALI/S 
PREF] /ATE CONTROL TO WORK]S' CONTROL & WI% TO PROTECT =EIGN 
9T]E/S 9 ,SPA91 COLLECTIVIZATION-AS 9 ! CLO?+ PLANTS PICTUR$ 
H]E-IS BE+ LIMIT$40 ,9 ! SAME VE9 0,SPA9'S ,/RONG ,MAN0 7! 
N[-DEBUNK$ DEF5SE M9I/] ( ! LOYALI/ GOV]NM5T1 ,9DALECIO 
,PRIETO7 WAS %[N 9 A PHOTOGRAPH & DESCRIB$ TO ! PETTY B\RGEOIS 
READ]S ( ! ,EV5+ ,/&>D ( ,M>* #g1 #a#i#c#h1 AS A 0COM=TABLY FAT 
NEWSPAP] [N]1 ) A *9 OR TWO TO SP>E0 & ) A 0FONDNESS = 
EELS AS HIS ONLY GA/RONOMIC LUXURY10 A MAN BY ! WAY :OSE 0WOR?0 IS 
0EV5 RECOGNIZ$ BY ,G5]AL ,FRANCO0 & :O IS P]SONALLY WELL 
ACQUA9T$ ) 0! F9ANCI] ( ,FRANCO'S MOVEM5T10 ! ILLU/RI\S 
,JUAN ,M>*4 

,! V]Y FACT ?AT ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I !MSELVES W]E F9ALLY 
COMPELL$ TO REV]SE !IR TRADITIONAL POLICY ( NON9T]F]5CE 9 
POLITICS UND] ! PRESSURE ( 9CREAS+LY BITT] EXP]I5CES1 
DEMON/RAT$ = ALL BUT SOME HOPELESSLY SECT>IAN & ILLUSION>Y 
GR\PS ( =EIGN AN>*I/S 7:O EV5 N[ REFUSE TO BESMIR* !IR 
ANTI- POLITICAL PURITY BY :OLEHE>T$ SUPPORT ( ! DESP]ATE /RIFE 
( !IR ,SPANI% COMRADES671 ! VITAL CONNECTION BETWE5 ! ECONOMIC 
& POLITICAL ACTION 9 EV]Y S5SE &1 MO/ ( ALL1 9 ! 
IMM$IATELY REVOLUTION>Y PHASE ( ! PROLET>IAN CLASS /RUGGLE4 

,?IS1 !N1 IS ! FIR/ & =EMO/ LESSON ( ?AT 
CONCLUD+ PHASE ( ! :OLE REVOLUTION>Y HI/ORY ( PO/W> ,EUROPE 
:I* IS ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION4 ,IT BECOMES EV5 MORE IMPORTANT & 
P>TICUL>LY IMPRESSIVE IF WE CONSID] ! WIDE DIFF]5CE ( ! 
*>ACT] ( ! ,SPANI% WORK+' CLASS MOVEM5TS FROM ALL O!R TYPES 
( PROLET>IAN CLASS /RUGGLES 9 ,EUROPE & ! ,U,S,A AS E/ABLI%$ BY 
WELL-NI< ?REE QU>T]S ( A C5TURY4 

,! VALIDITY ( ?IS LESSON IS NOT WEAK5$ BY ! RELATIVELY 
MOD]ATE CONT5TS ( ! POLITICAL DEM&S RAIS$ BY ! ,C,N,T AT ! 
PRES5T JUNCTURE4 ,!RE IS NO D\BT ?AT ! PROPOSAL ( A 0NEW 
CON/ITUTIONAL P]IOD :I* W\LD SYMPA?IZE ) POPUL> ASPIRATIONS 
)9 ! SOCIALI/ REPUBLIC1 :I* W\LD BE DEMOCRATICAL & F$]AL0 
DOES NOT DEM& ANY?+ :I* ! PEOPLE'S FRONT GOV]NM5T C\LD 
NOT1 9 PR9CIPLE1 DECIDE UPON )\T A REVOLUTION>Y *ANGE ( ITS 
HI!RTO PR(ESS$ B\RGEOIS POLICY4 ,NOR C\LD ! PROPOS$ CREATION ( 
A 0,NATIONAL ,ECONOMIC ,C\NCIL ON A POLITICAL & TRADE UNIONI/ BASE1 
) AN EQUAL REPRES5TATION ( BO? ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,U,G,T & ! 
SYNDICALI/ ,C,N,T10 TRANS=M ! HI!RTO B\RGEOIS- RE=MI/ BIAS ( 
! GOV]NM5T 9TO A REVOLUTION>Y-PROLET>IAN T5D5CY4 ,BUT H]E 
AGA9 APPE>S A CLOSE ANALOGY BETWE5 ! TACTICS FOLL[$ BY ! 
SYNDICALI/S 9 PRES5T-DAY ,SPA9 & ! ATTITUDE OBS]V$ BY ! 
,RUSSIAN ,BOL%EVIK P>TY UP TO & EV5 AFT] ! COLLAPSE ( ! 
,KORNILOV REBELLION4 ,IF ?IS ANALOGY IS TRUE1 IF WE CAN %[ ?AT EV5 A 
REVOLUTION>Y P>TY SO PR$OM9ANTLY POLITICAL & POLITICALLY 
EXP]I5C$ AS ! P>TY :I* MADE ! ,RUSSIAN ,OCTOB] DID NOT RISE TO 
ITS ULTIMATE P]FECTION BE=E ! ADV5T ( AN ALTOGE!R DIFF]5T 
HI/ORICAL SITUATION1 H[ !N C\LD WE EXPECT SU* SUP]-HUMAN & 
SUPRA-HI/ORICAL EXCELL5CE FROM A HI!RTO UNPOLITICALLY-M9D$ & 
POLITICALLY ALMO/ 9EXP]I5C$ GR\P ( PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION>IES 
UND] ! UNDEVELOP$ CONDITIONS ( PRES5T-DAY ,SPA91 :]E ! 
C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y REBELLION ( ! ,IB]IAN ,KORNILOV HAS NOT 
COLLAPS$ BUT HAS SPREAD VICTORI\SLY OV] ! :OLE C\NTRY & IS N[ 
ATTACK+ ! V]Y HE>T ( 9DU/RIAL ,SPA91 ! LA/ /RON<OLD ( 
! ANTI-FASCI/ & ANTI-CAPITALI/ =CES1 ! PROLET>IAN PROV9CE 
( ,B>CELONA8 

,!RE IS 9DE$ FROM ! /&PO9T ( A SOB] HI/ORICAL 
RESE>* AMPLE PRO( ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP ( 
#aiag WAS 9 NO WAY EXEMPT FROM ?OSE HUMAN WAV]+S & WANT ( 
=ESI<T :I* >E 9H]5T 9 ANY REVOLUTION>Y ACTION4 ,EV5 AFT] 
! VICTORI\S CONCLUSION ( ?AT MA/]PIECE ( POLITICAL /RATEGY 
:I* ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 L$ & 9SPIR$ BY ,L591 P]=M$ 9 ! DAYS 
( ! ,KORNILOV-AFFAIR 9 ,AUGU/ & ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#i#a#g1 :51 9 
ACCORDANCE ) ,L59'S MO/ SUBTLE 9/RUCTION1 !Y 5DEAVOR$ 0TO 
FI<T AGA9/ ,KORNILOV1 EV5 AS ,K]5SKY'S TROOPS DO10 BUT DID NOT 
SUPPORT ,K]5SKY BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y EXPOS$ HIS WEAKNESS10 ,L59 
/ILL ACT$ ON ! ASSUMPTION ?AT ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T HAD 
BECOME SO MANIFE/LY WEAK AFT] ! DEFEAT ( ,KORNILOV1 ?AT IT (F]$ 
AN OPPORTUNITY = A PEACEFUL DEVELOPM5T ( ! REVOLUTION ON ! 
BASIS ( ! REPLACEM5T ( ,K]5SKY BY A GOV]NM5T ( 
SOCIALI/-REVOLUTIONI/S & ,M5%EVIKS RESPONSIBLE TO ! ,SOVIETS4 ,9 
SU* A GOV]NM5T ! ,BOL%EVIKS W\LD NOT P>TICIPATE1 BUT !Y W\LD 
0REFRA9 FROM IMM$IATELY ADVANC+ ! DEM& = ! PASS+ ( P[] 
TO ! PROLET>IAT & ! POORE/ PEASANTS1 & FROM 0EVOLUTION>Y 
ME?ODS ( /RUGGLE = ! REALIZATION ( ?IS DEM&40 ,( C\RSE1 9 
SUGGE/+ ?IS L9E ( ACTION 9 HIS FAM\S >TICLE 0,ON ,COMPROMISES0 
9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#i#a#g1 ,L59 DID NOT BOA/ ( SU* FLAWLESS REVOLUTION>Y 
RI<TE\SNESS AS DOES = 9/ANCE ,/AL9 9 PRES5T-DAY ,RUSSIA OR 
?OSE /ATE-D5Y+ AN>*I/S 9 PRES5T-DAY ULTRA-CAPITALI/ ,HOLL&4 
,YET ?IS SMALL PIECE ( REAL HI/ORY %[S H[ LITTLE ! M9OR 
FOLL[]S ( ,L59 >E 5TITL$ TO CRITICIZE ! DEFICI5CIES ( ! 
SYNDICALI/ A*IEVEM5TS 9 REVOLUTION>Y ,CATALONIA1 LET ALONE ! 
WELL-KN[N AMBIGUITY ( ! 0HELP0 GIV5 TO ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S 
( ,SPA9 DUR+ ! FIR/ & LAT] /AGES ( !IR /RIFE BY ! 
,COMMUNI/S & ! ,RUSSIAN /ATE BO? 9 ,SPA9 & 9 ! 
,NON-,9T]V5TION ,COMMITTEE4.<#b.> 

,!RE IS ?US A DEEP %AD[ ?R[N ON ! CON/RUCTIVE WORK 
RESULT+ FROM ! H]OIC EF=TS & SACRIFICES ( ! REVOLUTION>Y 
WORK]S 9 ALL P>TS ( ,SPA9 :]E ! SYNDICALI/ & AN>*I/ 
SLOGAN ( 0COLLECTIVIZATION0 PREVAIL$ OV] ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC & 
,COMMUNI/ SLOGANS ( 0NATIONALIZATION0 & 0/ATE 9T]F]5CE40 ,ALL 
?IS CON/RUCTIVE WORK WAS DONE1 AS IT W]E1 PRELIM9>ILY ONLY4 ,ITS 
FUR!R ADVANCE & ITS V]Y EXI/5CE DEP5D$ UPON ! PROGRESS ( 
! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T &1 FIR/ ( ALL1 UPON A DECISIVE DEFEAT ( 
! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ATTACK ( ,FRANCO & HIS P[]FUL FASCI/ & 
SEMI-FASCI/ ALLIES4 ,EV5 AT ?IS LATE /AGE1 :5 ! DEFEAT ( ! 
HI<LY ADV]TIS$ N[ LOYALI/ >MY HAS ALREADY SO /RONGLY MANIFE/$ 
! 9TR9SIC WEAKNESS ( ! ,NEGR9 GOV]NM5T ?AT ! 
ABOVE-M5TION$ *IEF REPRES5TATIVE ( ! FASCI/ & CAPITALI/ 
=CES )9 ! PEOPLE'S FRONT GOV]NM5T1 ,9DALECIO ,PRIETO1 HAD TO 
BE KICK$ \T +LORI\SLY1 & A 0RECON/RUCTION0 ( ! 
GOV]NM5T 9 A 0LEFTI/0 DIRECTION BECAME 
9EVITABLE1 A LA/ H\R VICTORY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAN =CES 
RALLI$ 9 ,B>CELONA - EI!R ) OR )\T A REHE>SAL ( ! 
9SURRECTION ( ! COMMUN>DES 9 BESIEG$ ,P>IS #a#h#g#a-W\LD IMM5SELY 
5HANCE ! IMM$IATE HI/ORICAL & PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE ( ! GREAT 
EXP]IM5T 9 A G5U9E PROLET>IAN COLLECTIVIZATION ( 9DU/RY1 :I* 
WAS 9ITIAT$ & C>RI$ ?R\< BY ! WORK]S & !IR UNIONS 
DUR+ ! LA/ TWO YE>S4 

,%ORT ( SU* A FAVORABLE TURN1 ! /ORY ( ! ,CATALONIAN 
COLLECTIVIZATION :I* IS TOLD 9 ! MO/ IMP>TIAL & IMPRESSIVE 
MANN] 9 A SMALL BOOK1 PUBLI%$ BY ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I & HI!RTO NOT 
TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,5GLI%1.<#c.> & ON :I* WE PROPOSE TO BASE \R 
ANALYSIS & CRITICISM ( ! ,SPANI% EXP]I5CES 9 ! NEXT ISSUE1 
CANNOT CLAIM ANY GREAT] M]IT ?AN :AT WE KN[ FROM ,M>X1 ,5GELS1 
,LISSAG>AYS1 & O!R WRIT]S AB\T ! ECONOMIC EXP]IM5TS ( ! 
REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMUNE ( ! ,P>IS WORK]S 9 #a#h#g#a4 ,!Y >E A P>T ( 
! HI/ORICAL PA/ JU/ AS >E TODAY ! ATTEMPTS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y 
,ITALIAN WORK]S 9 #a#i#b1 :I* W]E LAT] ANNIHILAT$ BY ! HORDES ( 
,MUSSOL9I SUBSIDIZ$ BY ! FRI<T5$ ,ITALIAN L&[N]S & 
CAPITALI/S1 & AS >E ! EQUALLY FRU/RAT$ ATTEMPTS MADE SEV]AL 
TIMES BETWE5 #aiah & #aibc BY ! VANGU>DS ( ! ,G]MAN & 
,HUNG>IAN WORK]S4 ,9 ! SAME WAY ! MORE COMPREH5SIVE & C]TA9LY 
MU* MORE ILLU/RI\S TEMPOR>Y A*IEVEM5TS ATTA9$ BY ! 
REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIAN WORK]S 9 ! P]IOD ( A REALLY COMMUNI/IC 
EXP]IM5TATION ( #a#i#a#h-#b DID NOT RETA9 ANY PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE = 
! LAT] DEVELOPM5T ( ! SO-CALL$ SOCIALI/ CON/RUCTION 9 ,SOVIET 
,RUSSIA4 ,!Y W]E SOON AFT]W>DS D5\NC$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS 
!MSELVES AS A M]E 0NEGATIVE =M0 ( COMMUNISM TEMPOR>ILY ?RU/ 
UPON A RELUCTANT ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP BY ! EM]G5CIES ( W> & 
CIVIL W>4 ,?US ! GREAT HI/ORICAL EXP]IM5T ( ! SO-CALL$ ,W> 
,COMMUNISM1 :I* 9 FACT REPRES5T$ A F> MORE POSITIVE MOVE T[>D A 
,COMMUNI/ SOCIETY ?AN ! MEASURES ( ANY ,N,E,P1 ,N,E,O-,N,E,P1 OR O!R 
V>IANCES ( ! NO MORE SOCIALI/ & PROLET>IAN POLICIES :I* W]E 
LAT] 9AUGURAT$ BY ! V>I\S COMB9ATIONS ( ! PO/-,L59I/ & 
,/AL9I/ BUREAUCRACY1 BECAME A =GOTT5 & AB&ON$ EPISODE ( PA/ 
HI/ORY 9 ! V]Y C\NTRY :I* EV5 TODAY CLAIMS TO MAT* 9 FRONT 
( ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT BY ! SO-CALL$ CON/RUCTION ( 
SOCIALISM 9 A S+LE C\NTRY4 

,EV5 BE=E ?IS NEW TURN ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ECONOMIC POLICY1 ON 
,DECEMB] #d1 #a#i#a#i1 TWO YE>S AFT] ! FULL SEIZURE ( ! /ATE P[]1 
,L59 9 A SPEE* DELIV]$ TO ! ,FIR/ ,CONGRESS ( ,AGRICULTURAL 
,COMMUNES & ,AGRICULTURAL ,>TELS GAVE ! FOLL[+ DESCRIPTION ( ! 
RESULTS UNTIL !N A*IEV$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIK /RUGGLE = COMMUNISM3 
0,COMMUNISM1 :5 PEOPLE WORK BECAUSE !Y REALIZE ! NECESSITY ( 
WORK+ = ! COMMON GOOD4 ,WE KN[ ?AT WE CANNOT E/ABLI% A 
SOCIALI/ SY/EM N[ - ,GOD GRANT ?AT IT MAY BE E/ABLI%$ 9 \R 
*ILDR5'S TIME1 OR P]HAPS 9 \R GR&*ILDR5'S TIME40.<#d.> 

0,TO S]VE ! HI/ORY ( ! REVOLUTION0 IS ! PROGRAM :I* 
IS 9VISIBLY WRITT5 ON ! FRONT PAGE ( ! ABOVE CIT$ FAI?FUL & 
COMPREH5SIVE REPORT ON ! POSITIVE RESULTS A*IEV$ 9 ! ECONOMIC 
FIELD BY ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S ( ,B>CELONA & BY ! 9DU/RIAL 
& AGRICULTURAL LABOR]S 9 MANY A SMALL ,CATALONIAN T[N OR REMOTE & 
=GOTT5 VILLAGE4 0,TO S]VE HI/ORY0 MEANS = ! WRIT] AS WELL AS 
= US1 REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S ( A DISMAL WORLD LABOR+ 9 ! CRISIS 
& DECAY ( ALL =MS ( ! 0OLD0 SOCIALI/1 COMMUNI/1 & AN>*I/ 
LABOR MOVEM5TS1 TO LE>N FROM ! DE$S & FROM ! MI/AKES ( PA/ 
HI/ORY ! LESSON = ! FUTURE1 ! WAYS & MEANS = ! 
REALIZATION ( ! GOALS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK+ CLASS4 

,NOTES 

.<#a.> ,?IS & ! FOLL[+ 
QUOTATIONS >E TAK5 FROM ,J4 ,BUNYAN'S & ,H4 ,H4 ,FI%]'S DOCUM5T>Y 
HI/ORY1 ,! ,BOL%EVIK ,REVOLUTION #a#i#a#g-#a#i#a#h1 ,HOOV] ,W> ,LIBR>Y 
,PUBLICATIONS1 NO4 #c 7,/AN=D3 ,/AN=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#c#d74 

.<#b.> ,WE QUOTE H]E = ! 
B5EFIT ( ?OSE HI!RTO ,/AL9-WOR%IP+ ,COMMUNI/S :O HAVE 
REC5TLY BEGUN TO LE>N ! LESSON ( GREAT 0PURGES0 9 ,RUSSIA1 A 
S5T5CE FROM ,PRAVDA TE/IFY+ TO :AT ! ,/AL9I/ 0FRI5DS0 DID & 
9T5D$ TO DO 9 A ?OR\<LY 0,BOL%EVIZ$0 ,SPA94 ,SAYS ,PRAVDA FROM 
,DECEMB] #a#g1 #a#i#c#f3 0,! PURG+ ( ,CATALONIA FROM ALL ,TROTSKYI/ & 
AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ELEM5TS HAS ALREADY BEGUN2 ?IS TASK IS PU%$ ON 
) ! SAME 5]GY ) :I* IT HAS ALREADY BE5 P]=M$ 9 ,U,S,S,R40 

.<#c.> ,COLLECTIVIZATION - 
,L'OEUVRE CON/RUCTIVE DE LA ,REVOLUTION ,ESPAGNOLE-,RECUEIL DE 
,DOCUM5TS-,$ITIONS ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 '#i#c#g' 

.<#d.> ,QUOT$ FROM VOL4 #h ( 
! ,SELECT$ ,WORKS1 $1 ,M>X-,5GELS-,L59 ,9/ITUTE1 ,MOSC[ 7,5GLI% 
TRANSLATION1 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,PUBLI%]S3 P4 #b#e74 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #b1 #bba 3 ,ECONOMICS & ,POLITICS 9 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SPA9 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,ECONOMICS & ,POLITICS 9 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SPA9 -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/