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,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,M>K ,BRAY 

,AU?OR 3 ,SCOTT ,NAPPOLAS 

,TEXT 3 

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,M>K ,BRAY 

,SCI5CE & SOCIALISM4 ,= MO/ ( US ?IS PAIR+ BR+S TO M9D ! 0SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM0 ( ,M>X & ,5GELS ?AT UND]GIRD$ ! ASC5SION ( 0HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM0 TO ! =EFRONT ( SOCIALI/ ?\<T 9TO ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 ,C]TA9LY 0HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM0 GREW \T ( ! BURGEON+ SOCIAL SCI5CES1 BUT ! S*OOL ( #a#i? & E>LY #b? C5TURY SOCIALI/ ?\<T ?AT MO/ PRIVILEG$ ! NATURAL SCI5CES MAY HAVE BE5 AN>*ISM4 

,MANY AN>*I/S ( ! ]A CONSID]$ !IR DOCTR9E TO BE ! SOCIAL EMBODIM5T ( ! 'TRU?S' ( ! NATURAL WORLD REVEAL$ ?R\< SCI5TIFIC 9QUIRY4 ',NATURE' WAS 5D[$ ) A R$EMPTIVE TRANSC5D5CE MANIFE/$ ?R\< ,D>W9IAN & 7ESPECIALLY7 ,SP5C]IAN UND]/&+S ( EVOLUTION4 ,9 ?AT VE91 ! TURN ( ! C5TURY ,CATALAN AN>*I/ ,JOAN ,MONTS5Y1 AKA ,F$]ICO ,URALES--FA!R ( ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y1 >GU$ ?AT 09 ! WORLD !RE EXI/S A LAW ?AT IS P]FECTLY H>MONI\S & P]FECTLY JU/3 ! LAW ( EVOLUTION40.<#b.> ,LIKEWISE1 ! ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/ GEOGRAPH] & SCI5TI/ ,PYOTR ,KROPOTK9 GR\ND$ HIS EXPOSITION ( MUTUAL AID1 ONE ( ! MO/ LA/+ & 9FLU5TIAL AN>*I/ CONCEPTS1 9 HIS /UDIES NOT ONLY ( HI/ORY BUT ( ! IMPORTANCE ( COOP]ATION 9 ! NATURAL WORLD4 ,HE EV5 W5T SO F> AS TO >GUE ?AT AN>*ISM \<T TO BE CONSID]$ ONE ( ! 0DEP>TM5TS0 ( ! NATURAL SCI5CES4.<#c.> ,FRANCISCO ,F]R]'S E>LY #b? C5TURY ,MOD]N ,S*OOL1 :I* BECAME ! MODEL ( AN>*I/ $UCATION OV] ! FOLL[+ DECADES1 WAS ALLEG$LY 0BAS$ SOLELY UPON ! ,NATURAL ,SCI5CES0 :I* ,F]R] CONSID]$ TO BE ! FONT ( A UNIT>Y TRU? APPLICABLE TO ALL ( EXI/5CE 9CLUD+ HUMAN RELATIONS4.<#d.> ,! PROM95T ,SPANI% AN>*I/ ,F]M9 ,SALVO*EA WAS SO OPTIMI/IC AB\T ! POT5TIAL ( ! REVOLUTION TO UN%ACKLE SCI5TIFIC 9QUIRY FROM CAPITALI/ FETT]S ?AT HE SPECULAT$ 9 #ahhh ?AT PO/-REVOLUTION>Y M$IC9E C\LD EV5 DISCOV] ! KEY TO IMMORTALITY4.<#e.> ,= SOME LATE #a#i? C5TURY AN>*I/S1 SCI5CE WAS 0\R ,GOD40.<#f.> 

,AS ) JU/ AB\T EV]Y ASPECT ( AN>*ISM1 !RE W]E ?OSE :O DISS5T$4 ,NIETZS*EAN AN>*I/S ATTACK$ ! SUPREMACY ( RATIONALISM & SCI5CE :ILE ! PRIMITIVI/S ( ! ,P>ISIAN ,L',ETAT NATUREL & ! PROM95T ,SPANI% AN>*I/ ,RIC>DO ,MELLA W]E SOME ( ! MO/ CRITICAL ( POSITIVISM4.<#g.> ,IT %\LD ALSO BE NOT$ ?AT AN>*I/S W]E NO LESS 5?USIA/IC AB\T ! EM]G5CE ( SOCIAL SCI5CES LIKE SOCIOLOGY4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! MAJORITY ( LATE #a#i? & E>LY #b? C5TURY AN>*I/S ADOPT$ ! POSITIVI/1 RATIONALI/1 & MOD]NI/ OPTIMISM ( !IR ]A4 

,IF ! CONFID5CE ?AT !SE AN>*I/S EXPRESS$ 9 ! ABILITY ( ! NATURAL SCI5CES TO SOLVE ! 'SOCIAL QUE/ION' FEELS DI/ANT & REMOV$ FROM PRES5T-DAY CONSID]ATIONS ( SOCIETAL *ANGE1 ?AT'S BECAUSE IT IS4 ,! HORRORS ( ! WORLD W>S & ! ,HOLOCAU/ DA%$ ! #a#i? C5TURY ,WE/]N EXPECTATION ( A CLEAN UPW>D ASC5T = HUMANITY4 ,AS ! #b? C5TURY ADVANC$1 MOVEM5TS = DECOLONIZATION1 FEM9ISM1 QUE] LIB]ATION1 BLACK LIB]ATION1 & O!RS REVEAL$ ! HYPOCRISY AT ! HE>T ( ! FUNDAM5TALLY IMP]IAL1 PATRI>*AL1 HET]ONORMATIVE1 & :ITE SUPREMACI/ CONCEPT ( ,WE/]N 'PROGRESS4' ,:ILE IT W\LD BE UNFAIR TO LUMP TURN ( ! C5TURY AN>*I/S 9 ) IMP]IALI/S1 !Y W]E NOT 5TIRELY IMMUNE TO ! OPPRESSIVE MODES ( ?\<T ( !IR ]A4 ,LIKEWISE1 PO/-/RUCTURALI/ CRITIQUES ( CONCEPTIONS ( TRU?1 JU/ICE1 & OBJECTIVITY ITSELF PU%$ MANY RADICALS TO EXAM9E DISC\RSES ( P[]1 ANALYZE FRAGM5T$ SUBJECTIVITIES1 & DISSECT SOCIALLY REPRODUC$ LAY]S ( DOM9ATION RA!R ?AN TURN TO ! NATURAL SCI5CES AS S\RCES ( LIB]ATION4 ,9H]5T 9 ?IS PO/-MOD]N TURN HAS BE5 A WIDESPREAD W>9ESS ( MA/] N>RATIVES & GR& !ORETICAL =MULATIONS ACROSS MU* ( ! POLITICAL SPECTRUM AFT] ,FUKUYAMA'S 05D ( HI/ORY40 

,! AUDACITY ( ,SCOTT ,NI*OLAS ,NAPPALOS' ,EM]G5CE & ,AN>*ISM LIES 9 ITS ABILITY TO /EP BACK FROM ! FRAY ( 9TELLECTUAL TR5DS & TABOOS TO (F] A CLE> & SOB] ANALYSIS ( H[ WE CAN />T TO ANSW] SOME ( ! MO/ BASIC QUE/IONS AB\T SOCIAL TRANS=MATION :ILE AVOID+ ! LIMITATIONS & PITFALLS ( BO? MOD]NI/ & PO/MOD]NI/ ?\<T4 ,FUNDAM5TALLY1 ,NAPPALOS REAFFIRMS ! IMPORTANCE ( !ORY1 PHILOSOPHY1 & METAPOLITICS AGA9/ ANTI9TELLECTUAL & 'PRAGMATI/' T5D5CIES PREVAL5T 9 SOME 0HORIZONTALI/0 MOVEM5TS ?AT R$UCE LIB]ATION TO A TE*NICS ( PRACTICES & TACTICS4 ,9 SO DO+1 HE REFUSES TO ALL[ ! POSITIVI/ BAGGAGE ( PA/ ATTEMPTS TO UTILIZE SCI5CE = SOCIALI/ 5DS TO PREV5T US FROM GLEAN+ USEFUL MODELS FROM ! NATURAL WORLD TO HELP SOLVE SOCIAL PROBLEMS TODAY4 

,MO/ PR(\NDLY1 P]HAPS1 HIS USE ( ! SCI5TIFIC CONCEPT ( EM]G5CE TO DESCRIBE MULTI-CAUSAL EV5TS & DEVELOPM5TS :OSE \TCOMES >E 0MORE ?AN ! SUM ( !IR P>TS10 SO TO SPEAK1 PRES5TS OPPORTUNITIES TO BUILD BRIDGES BETWE5 PO/-/RUCTURALISM & MORE REC5T P]SPECTIVES ON SOCIAL TRANS=MATION & ! NATURAL SCI5CES 9 A SOME:AT SIMIL> VE9 TO ,DELEUZE & ,GUATT>I'S USE ( ! BOTANICAL CONCEPT ( ! RHIZOME4 ,! PLURALITY & POLYVAL5CE ( EM]G5CE OP5 UP ALT]NATIVE R\TES TO PUT ,F\CAULDIAN NOTIONS ( P[] OR BROAD CONCEPTIONS ( 9T]SECTIONALITY1 = EXAMPLE1 9TO CONV]SATION ) SCI5TIFIC 9SI<TS 9 ! PURSUIT ( LIB]ATION4 

,EM]G5CE & ,AN>*ISM ADEPTLY EXPLORES ! T5SIONS & SYN]GIES BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS & COLLECTIVITIES AT ! HE>T ( AN>*ISM'S ATTEMPT TO SYN!SIZE P]SONAL & COLLECTIVE AG5CY4 ,BY DELV+ 9TO ! 9N] WORK+S ( AG5CY1 IT *ALL5GES ONE-DIM5SIONAL DI/9CTIONS BETWE5 :AT HAVE BE5 REF]R$ TO AS 9SURRECTION>Y & MASS AN>*ISM4 

,RECOGNIZ+ ! 5ORMITY ( ! PROJECT ( RE-ORI5T+ SOME ( ! PHILOSOPHICAL F\NDATIONS ( REVOLUTION>Y ?\<T1 ,NAPPALOS /RATEGICALLY SCALES BACK HIS MA9 GOAL BY 5TREAT+ ! READ] TO RECOGNIZE ! NECESSITY ( !ORIES = ACTION & ! 9SEP>ABILITY ( ME?OD & PHILOSOPHY4 ,EM]G5CE & ,AN>*ISM ASPIRES TO BE A F\NDATIONAL BUILD+ BLOCK = FUTURE !ORIZ+ & CONCEPTUALIZ+4 ,IT ACCOMPLI%ES ?IS GOAL4 ,AGREE OR DISAGREE ) ITS PREMISES & CONCLUSIONS1 IT CONFRONTS US ) A BROAD >RAY ( FUNDAM5TAL QUE/IONS AT ! V]Y HE>T ( SOCIAL TRANS=MATION ?AT CANNOT BE IGNOR$4 ,MORE ?AN (F]+ US ANSW]S TO SU* QUE/IONS1 ,NAPPALOS DEM&S ?AT WE ALL TAKE IT UPON \RSELVES TO ?9K ?R\< H[ *ANGE OCCURS1 = 0PHILOSOPHY IS ! DOMA9 ( ALL PEOPLE IRRESPECTIVE ( !IR 9TELLIG5CE1 G5D]1 CLASS1 RACE1 OR POSITION40 ,AS A HEAL? C>E WORK]1 ,NAPPALOS DIRECTLY *ALL5GES 0! ALI5ATION ( ?IS ACTIVITY0 FROM ! MAJORITY ( HUMANITY ?R\< HIS WORDS4 

,! TRUE VALUE ( ?IS WORK WILL ONLY BECOME CLE> 9 ! FUTURE TO ! DEGREE ?AT ,NAPPALOS' APPEALS = RE-CONCEPTUALIZ+ !ORY1 METAPOLITICS1 & AG5CY 9SPIRE O!RS TO PURSUE & BUILD UPON HIS TRA9 ( ?\<T4 ,MANY QUE/IONS REMA9 UNANSW]$ AB\T H[ TO BUILD A NEW WORLD FREE FROM HUNG]1 W>1 & DOM9ATION4 ,EM]G5CE & ,AN>*ISM REM9DS US ?AT TO CREATE SU* A WORLD WE MU/ NOT ONLY EXAM9E \R POLITICAL POSITIONS BUT ALSO !IR METAPOLITICAL F\NDATIONS4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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