,5VIRONM5TAL ,AN>*ISM 9 ,V]MONT3 ,ANNE ,PET]MANN ( ,GLOBAL ,JU/ICE ,ECOLOGY ,PROJECT 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANONYM\S 

,TEXT 3 

,TO FULLY UND]/& ! CONTEXT ( GLOBAL 5VIRONM5TAL PROBLEMS1 ONE MU/ ASSESS ! ROLE ?AT HUMANS HAVE PLAY$ 9 ! DE/RUCTION ( ! NATURE4 ,5VIRONM5TALI/S & SOCIAL SCI5CE S*OL>S HAVE >GU$ ON BEHALF ?AT SOCIAL JU/ICE & 5VIRONM5TAL JU/ICE GO H&-9-H&4 ,LONG TIME ,V]MONT RESID5T & ACTIVI/ ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 BR\<T =? ! PHILOSOPHY ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 :I* LAID \T ! IDEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK ?AT BRIDG$ SOCIAL & 5VIRONM5TAL JU/ICE MOVEM5TS4 ,9 HIS SEM9AL WORK ,PO/ ,SC>CITY ,AN>*ISM1 ,BOOK*9 >GUES TO *ALL5GE ! SOCIAL ORD] ?AT IS ROOT$ 9 ! EXPLOITATION ( MAN & NATURE ALIKE4  ,HE WRITES1 0 ,[+ TO ITS 9H]5TLY COMPETITIVE NATURE1 B\RGEOIS SOCIETY NOT ONLY PITS HUMANS AGA9/ EA* O!R1 IT ALSO PITS ! MASS ( HUMANITY AGA9/ ! NATURAL WORLD4 ,JU/ AS M5 >E CONV]T$ 9TO COMMODITIES1 SO EV]Y ASPECT ( NATURE IS CONV]T$ 9TO A COMMODITY1 A RES\RCE TO BE MANUFACTUR$ & M]*&IS$ WANTONLY0 7#h#e74 

,9 ?IS PAP] ,I WILL ANALYZE ! DISC\RSE ( ECOLOGICAL AN>*ISM ?R\< ! CONTEXT ( ! ,GLOBAL ,JU/ICE ,ECOLOGY ,PROJECT1 7,G,J,E,P7 9 ORD] ADDRESS ! FLAWS ( CONTEMPOR>Y 0TE*NOCRATIC0 5VIRONM5TALISM & ACC5TUATE ! AN?ROPOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE ( ALT]NATIVE P]SPECTIVES ON 5VIRONM5TAL & SOCIAL JU/ICE4  ,MY !SIS >GUES ?AT ! CON/RUCTS ( \R HI]>*AL CAPITAL SOCIETY HAVE ONLY FO/]$ 0FALSE SOLUTIONS0 TO GLOBAL 5VIRONM5TAL PROBLEMS1 ONE MU/ DI/ANCE !MSELVES FROM SU* CONV5TIONAL VIEWS ON ! 5VIRONM5T & LOOK AT ! 5VIRONM5T FROM AN AN>*I/ P]SPECTIVE TO UND]/& ! ROOT CAUSES ( BO? SOCIAL & 5VIRONM5TAL ILLS4 

,SO :]E DOES AN>*ISM FIT 9TO ,V]MONT'S 5VIRONM5TAL MOVEM5T8  ,WELL ,I F\ND \T ?AT IT REALLY HAS NOT PLAY$ A L>GE ROLE 9 ,V,T'S 5VIRONM5TAL POLITICS4 ,! HI]>*Y ( 5VIRONM5TAL CAMPAIGNS 9 ,V]MONT HAS BE5 DOM9AT$ BY SCI5TIFIC BAS$ MEANS ( CONS]VATION & ELITI/ P]SPECTIVES FROM CONV5TIONAL 0MA9/REAM0 5VIRONM5TAL ,N,G,O'S4  ,! ,GLOBAL ,JU/ICE ,ECOLOGY ,PROJECT1 A ,N,G,O BAS$ 9 ,H9ESBURG ,V,T1 WAS 9VOLV$ ) A COALITION TO PRES]VE ! ,GRE5 ,M\NTA9 ,NATIONAL ,=E/ & RESIGN$ AFT] P]SI/5T CONFLICTS ( 9T]E/4  ,ANNE ,PET]MANN1 ,CO-DIRECTOR ( ,G,J,E,P REM>KS1 

0,I HAV5'T SE5 A :OLE LOT ( AN>*ISM 9 ,V,T'S 5VIRONM5TAL MOVEM5T & ,V,T POLITICS TO BE HONE/ ) Y\1 ASIDE FROM Y\ KN[ \R [N WORK4  ,I'VE SE5 A LOT ( ! OPPOSITE444A LOT ( HI]>*AL 5VIRONM5TAL WORK4  ,= EXAMPLE1 WE US$ TO BE 9VOLV$ 9 A COALITION ( =E/ GR\PS WORK+ ON 9CREAS+ ! WILD]NESS 9 ! ,GRE5 ,M\NTA9 ,NATIONAL =E/4 ,?AT WAS EXTREMELY HI]>*AL4  ,! BIG GR\PS1 ,=E/ ,WAT*1 ,! ,WILD]NESS ,SOCIETY1 & ! ,SI]RA ,CLUB ?AT REALLY DOM9AT$ ?AT & IF Y\ VE]$ AT ALL FROM !IR PHILOSOPHY & /RATEGIES !N Y\ W]E BASICALLY %UNN$ FROM ! GR\P1 SO WE QUIT4  7,LAU<T]7 ,WE DIDN'T GET ALONG V]Y WELL0 7,WITMAN #b#h3 #f74 

,NEV] BE=E HAS MOD]N HUMAN SOCIETY SE5 A RISE ( 5VIRONM5TAL ADVOCACY GR\PS AS !RE >E TODAY4  ,DESPITE ! BROAD %>$ CONC]N AB\T ! /ATE ( ! 5VIRONM5T1 !RE IS MU* DEBATE 9 ! 5VIRONM5TAL COMMUNITY AS TO :AT TYPE ( IDEOLOGIES & /RATEGIES %\LD BE IMPLEM5T$ TO PROTECT ! NATURAL WORLD4 4  ,GOV]NM5TS & 9T]NATIONAL 5VIRONM5TAL ,N,G,O'S CONT9UE TO LOBBY = /RICT 5VIRONM5TAL LEGISLATION & PLACE GREAT FAI? 9 9T]NATIONAL TREATIES TO ADDRESS PRESS+ 5VIRONM5TAL CONC]NS4  ,I W\LD >GUE ?AT ?IS MA9/REAM ME?OD ( 5VIRONM5TALISM CELEBRATES SMALL VICTORIES OR 0PIECEMEAL RE=MS0 9/EAD ( TAK+ ACTION TO C\NT] ! ROOT CAUSES ( 5VIRONM5TAL DEGRADATION4 

,?IS 0MA9/REAM 5VIRONM5TALISM0 TREATS ! DE/RUCTION ( ! 5VIRONM5T AS SOME?+ 9H]5TLY AN?ROPOG5IC4   ,PROM95T OP9IONS ON 05VIRONM5TAL AW>5ESS0 HAVE BE5 %AP$ BY ! HI]>*AL ,NEO-,MAL?USIAN VIEWS ON POPULATION GR[?4 ,?OMAS ,MAL?US1 #a#i? C5TURY REV]5D ?AT PROCLAIM$ ?AT ! HUMAN POPULATION WAS 9CREAS+ EXPON5TIALLY :]EAS NATURAL RES\RCES & FOOD SUPPLIES C\LD ONLY GR[ >I?METICALLY4  ,RI*>D ,ROBB9S NOTES1 0 ,)\T PREV5TIVE *ECKS TO CONTROL F]TILITY1 SU* AS 'MORAL RE/RA9T' OR 'M>RIAGE PO/PONEM5T1' >GU$ ,MAL?US1 POPULATION WILL CON/ANTLY 9CREASE1 DEPLETE RES\RCES1 & BR+ 9TO PLAY 'POSITIVE *ECKS' -- FAM9E1 DISEASE1 & W> -- ?AT WILL RETURN POPULATION TO A BALANCE ) RES\RCES0  7#b#e3 #a#d#h74   ,SU* OP9IONS HAVE BE5 REAFFIRM$ BY ECOLOGI/ ,PAUL ,EHRLI*'S ,! ,POPULATION ,BOMB1 :I* WRONGFULLY PLACES ! MAJORITY ( ! BLAME UPON ! DEVELOP+ WORLD = ITS ROLE 9 RES\RCE EXPLOITATION RA!R ?AN ADDRESS+ ! FLAWS ( ,WE/]N ,CULTURE4 

,PEOPLE 9 ! DEVELOP+ WORLD ALSO IMPACT GLOBAL 5VIRONM5TAL PROBLEMS1 BUT G5]ALLY ON A MU* SMALL] SCALE4  ,9 ! REALM ( 5VIRONM5TALISM1 ! COMP>ISON IS FREQU5TLY MADE ! AV]AGE ECOLOGICAL FOOTPR9T ( AN ,U,S CITIZ5 IS #e4#a HECT>ES1 :]EAS ! AV]AGE ,9DIAN CITIZ5 HAS ECOLOGICAL FOOTPR9T ( 4#d HECT>ES 7WWW4WORLDWAT*4ORG74 ,! ECOLOGICAL FOOTPR9T IS A CALCULATION ?AT IS US$ TO DET]M9E H[ MU* L& A P]SON REQUIRES = ! RES\RCES NECESS>Y TO SU/A9 H]_/HIS LIFE/YLE4 ,SO :AT %APES ?IS DISP>ITY 9 ECOLOGICAL FOOTPR9TS8 0,RADICAL0 5VIRONM5TALI/S1 SOCIAL ACTIVI/S & AN>*I/S HAVE DI/ANC$ !MSELVES FROM CONV5TIONAL ,NEO-,MAL?USIAN VIEWS ON ! 5VIRONM5T & LAID \T A CRITIQUE ( CONSUM] CULTURE AS ! TRUE CULPRIT ( 5VIRONM5TAL DE/RUCTION & SOCIAL 9EQUALITY4  ,PEOPLE >5'T ! SOLE CAUSE ( 5VIRONM5TAL PROBLEMS2 RA!R SU* PROBLEMS >E A BYPRODUCT ( ! FLAWS ( RES\RCE-9T5SIVE CAPITALI/ CULTURE1 :I* CONTRIBUTES TO AN 0AN?ROPOC5TRIC0 WORLDVIEW4  ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 AN>*I/ 5VIRONM5TAL P]SPECTIVES EXAM9E ! ROOT CAUSES ( 5VIRONM5TAL DEGRADATION & SOCIAL 9JU/ICE -- TRAC+ BACK TO ! 9CEPTION ( HI]>*AL SOCIETY & ! RISE ( ! CULTURE ( CAPITALISM4  ,BE=E EXPLOR+ AN>*I/ !ORIES ON ! 5VIRONM5T1 LET'S TAKE A MOM5T TO ADDRESS ! H[ MOD]N 5VIRONM5TAL KN[L$GE IS PRODUC$4 

,PET] ,TAYLOR & ,FR$RICK ,BUTTEL TITLE !IR *APT] ) ! QUE/ION 0,H[ ,DO ,WE ,KN[ ,WE ,HAVE ,GLOBAL ,5VIRONM5TAL ,PROBLEMS804  ,ANALYZES ( GLOBAL W>M+ & 5VIRONM5TAL DEMOLITION >E DOM9AT$ BY QUANTITATIVE SCI5TIFIC /UDIES1 RA!R ?AN QUALITATIVE SOCIOPOLITICAL 9QUIRY ( ! CONTRIBUT+ FACTORS TO GLOBAL 5VIRONM5TAL PROBLEMS4  ,TAYLOR & ,BUTTEL NOTE1 

0,OV] ! LA/ FEW YE>S1 5VIRONM5TAL SCI5TI/S & 5VIRONM5TALI/S HAVE CALL$ ATT5TION1 9 P>TICUL>1 TO ANALYZES ( C>BON DIOXIDE CONC5TRATIONS 9 POL> ICE1 MEASUREM5TS ( UPP] ATMOSPH]IC OZONE DEPLETION1 REMOTE S5S+ ASSESSM5TS ( TROPICAL DE=E/ATION1 &1 MO/ NOTABLY1 PROJECTIONS ( FUTURE TEMP]ATURE & PRECIPITATION *ANGES DRAWN FROM COMPUTATION-9T5SIVE ATMOSPH]IC CIRCULATION MODELS0 7#b#f3 #d#g74 

,= EXAMPLE1 ,! ,KEEL+ ,CURVE1 CON/RU$ BY ,*>LES ,KEEL+ ( ! ,SCRIPPS ,9/ITUTE ( ,OCEANOGRAPHY1 IS ! DEF9ITIVE *>T ?AT DEPICTS ! L9E> CORRELATION BETWE5 TIME & ATMOSPH]IC C>BON DIOXIDE LEVELS4  ,?IS *>T HAS BE5 POLITICIZ$ ?R\< ,AL ,GORE'S ,AN ,9CONV5I5T ,TRU? TO ILLU/RATE ! TR5D ( AN?ROPOG5IC GRE5H\SE GAS POLLUTION4  ,A QUICK GLANCE AT ! *>T CONFIRMS ! 0GLOOM & DOOM0 ( ! CURR5T /ATE ( ! 5VIRONM5T1 AS IT %[S A PRECIPIT\S 9CREASE 9 C>BON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM #a#i#f-#b4 ,CONTEMPOR>Y SCI5TIFIC GRAPHS & LIT]ATURE ESS5TIALLY HOMOG5IZE ! HUMAN POPULATION AS BE+ EQUALLY RESPONSIBLE = ! RISE 9 GRE5H\SE GAS POLLUTION & CORRESPOND+ RISE 9 MEAN GLOBAL TEMP]ATURE4  ,IT CAN BE >GU$ SCI5TIFIC ME?ODOLOGY FAILS TO CONCEPTUALIZE ! 0BIGG] PICTURE0 ( GLOBAL W>M+4 ,TAYLOR @& ,BUTTEL COMM5T1 

0,?IS DOM9ANCE ( PHYSICAL CLIMATE RESE>* OV] 9/ITUTIONAL ANALYSIS PO9TS TO ! SECOND ISSUE1 ! HI]>*Y ( ! PHYSICAL OV] ! LIFE & SOCIAL SCI5CES4  ,?IS HI]>*Y CON/ITUTES AN 5VIRONM5TAL DET]M9ISM3 ! PHYSICS & *EMI/RY ( CLIMATE *ANGE SET ! P>AMET]S = 5VIRONM5TAL & BIOLOGICAL *ANGE2 SOCIETIES MU/ !N ADJU/ AS BE/ AS !Y CAN TO *ANGE 9 !IR 5VIRONM5T0 7#d#a#b74 

,?IS !ME ( HI]>*Y 9 ACADEMIC & 5VIRONM5TAL DISC\RSES WILL BE REVISIT$ 9 A FUR!R ANALYSIS ( ! ,GLOBAL ,JU/ICE ,ECOLOGY ,PROJECT4 ,UNSURPRIS+LY1 ! NOTION ( CONTROL & P[] IS NOT AN ALI5 CONCEPT TO PRES5T DAY SCI5CE-BAS$ & 0TE*NOCRATIC0 VIEWS ( NATURE4  ,TIMO?Y ,LUKE DECON/RUCTS1 ! DEF9ITION ( 5VIRONM5T1 

0,9 ITS ORIG9AL S5SE1 :I* IS BORR[$ BY ,5GLI% FROM ,OLD ,FR5*1 AN 5VIRONM5T IS AN ACTION RESULT+ FROM1 OR ! /ATE ( BE+ PRODUC$ BY A V]B3 'TO 5VIRON4' ,& 5VIRON+ AS A V]B IS1 9 FACT1 A TYPE ( /RATEGIC ACTION4 ,TO 5VIRON IS TO 5CIRCLE1 5COMPASS1 5VELOP1 OR 5CLOSE4 ,IT IS ! PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ( SURR\ND+1 CIRCUMSCRIB+1 OR R++ >\ND SOME?+4 ,ITS USES EV5 SUGGE/ /ATION+ GU>DS >\ND1 ?RONG+ ) HO/ILE 9T5T1 OR /&+ WAT* OV] SOME P]SON OR PLACE4 ,TO 5VIRON A SITE OR A SUBJECT IS TO BESET1 BELEAGU]1 OR BESIEGE ?AT PLACE OR P]SON0 7#b#f3 #b#f#a74 

,! V]Y WORD 5VIRONM5T IS ROOT$ 9 A S5SE ( [N]%IP1 P>ALLEL+ TO ! P]VASIVE IDEOLOGICAL DIVIDE BETWE5 HUMAN CULTURE & NATURE4   ,AN?ROPOLOGI/ ,TIMO?Y ,+OLD HAS DEF9$ CULTURE AS ! DI*OTOMY ( ! M9D & ! 5VIRONM5T4  ,HE DOES NOT SEE A SEP>ATION BETWE5 ! HUMAN CULTURE & ! 5VIRONM5T4  ,! IDEOLOGICAL SEP>ATION ( HUMANS FROM ! 5VIRONM5T HAS CONTRIBUT$ TO ! DOM9ANT AN?ROPOC5TRIC VIEWS ON ! NATURAL WORLD4  ,*ALL5G+ ! MEANS 9 :I* HUMANS RELATE TO ! NATURAL WORLD IS PIVOTAL ASPECT ( ,G,J,E,P'S 5VIRONM5TAL WORK4 

,G,J,E,P WAS F\ND$ 9 #bc TO BR+ =W>D AN ALT]NATIVE MEANS ( VIEW+ SOCIAL & 5VIRONM5TAL JU/ICE4   ,G,J,E,P'S OLD WEBSITE NOTES1 

0,AFT] T5 YE>S COORD9AT+ A ,RES\RCE ,C5T] 9 ,BURL+TON1 ,V]MONT ?AT FOCUS$ ON =E/ PROTECTION1 FREE TRADE1 ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA1 9DIG5\S1 LABOR & GLOBAL JU/ICE ISSUES1 AS WELL AS ! L9KS BETWE5 !M & !IR LOCAL CONNECTIONS1 9 ! SUMM] ( #b#c1 ,G,J,E,P CO-,DIRECTORS ,ANNE ,PET]MANN & ,OR9 ,LANGELLE LEFT ! ,RES\RCE ,C5T] TO CO-F\ND ,GLOBAL ,JU/ICE ,ECOLOGY ,PROJECT 9 ,SEPTEMB] #b#c407WWW4GLOBALJU/ICEECOLOGY4ORG7 

,ANNE & ,OR9 BO? CAME FROM EXT5SIVE ACTIVI/ BACKGR\NDS & BELIEVE 9 NON-CONV5TIONAL MEANS ( WORK+ = 5VIRONM5TAL JU/ICE4  ,NAMELY1 BO? ,ANNE & ,OR9 >E AN>*I/S BY POLITICAL AFFILIATION & EMPHASIZE WORK+ = JU/ICE \TSIDE ! CON/RUCTS ( \R HI]>*AL SOCIAL SY/EM4  ,ANNE & ,OR9 SEE ! L9KS BETWE5 SOCIAL & 5VIRONM5TAL 9JU/ICE & SEEK TO EXPOSE TO ! UND]LY+ ASPECTS ( !SE PROBLEMS RA!R ?AN LOBBY+ = 0B&-AID0 SOLUTIONS4  ,G,J,E,P'S ,\R ,FIR/ ,YE> 9 ,BRIEF /ATES10,ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION1 W>1 5VIRONM5TAL DEVA/ATION & HUMAN RI<TS ABUSES >E 9EXTRICABLY L9K$4 ,SOCIAL MOVEM5TS CAN MAGNIFY !IR EFFECTIV5ESS BY L9K+ TOGE!R TO CREATE A P[]FUL MOVEM5T = *ANGE ?AT ADDRESSES ! COMMON ECONOMIC1 SOCIAL & POLITICAL ROOTS ( \R ISSUES4 ,! ,GLOBAL ,JU/ICE ,ECOLOGY ,PROJECT WAS F\ND$ TO ADVANCE !SE ALLIANCES0 7,IBID474 ,G,J,E,P UTILIZES CIVIL DISOB$I5CE & FACE-TO-FACE CONTACT TO GA9 SUPPORT & AW>5ESS = !IR CAMPAIGNS4  ,?IS ORGANIZATION ACTIVELY PRESSURES CORPORATIONS & CON/ITU5TS ( 9T]NATIONAL 5VIRONM5TAL SUMMITS TO TAKE ACTION RA!R ?AN LOBBY+ POLITICIANS TO MAKE *ANGE = !M4 

,AS DISCUSS$ E>LI]1 ,V]MONT] ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 F\ND] ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY WAS R5[N$ = MAK+ ! >GUM5T AGA9/ HI]>*AL SOCIETY1 :I* HAS BR\<T AB\T SOCIAL & 5VIRONM5TAL CALAMITIES4  ,AL?\< ,ANNE & ,OR9 AGRE$ ) SOME ASPECTS ( ,BOOK*9'S WORK NEI!R ( !M EXPLICITLY SUBSCRIBE TO ! T5ETS ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 ,ANNE COMM5TS1 

,RI<T WELL Y\ KN[ SOCIAL ECOLOGY C]TA9LY HAD A GOOD IMPORTANT ROLE 9 FUR!R+ ?IS CONCEPT ( UND]/&+ ! CONNECTION BETWE5 HUMAN SOCIETY & ! 5VIRONM5T & :Y Y\ HAVE TO ADDRESS BO? & NOT JU/ ONE OR ! O!R4  ,I ?9K MY P]SONAL 9T]ACTIONS ) ,MURRAY W]E LAT] 9 HIS LIFE & HE WAS REALLY CRABBY & CROT*ETY4  ,SO 7LAU<T]7 ?AT WAS K9D ( ! VIEW ,I HAD ( ,MURRAY1 SOMEONE :O WAS EXTREMELY DIFFICULT & MY BACKGR\ND BE+ ,E>? ,FIR/6  ,( C\RSE !RE WAS A BIG SPLIT BETWE5 SOCIAL ECOLOGY & DEEP ECOLOGY1 SO :AT WE TRI$ TO DO 9 \R WORK WAS TO TRY TO F9D ! BE/ PO9TS ( EA* & M]GE !M TOGE!R 9 :AT WE CALL 0,REVOLUTION>Y ,ECOLOGY0 BECAUSE SOCIAL ECOLOGY HAD ITS LIMITATIONS AS DID DEEP ECOLOGY4   ,DEEP ECOLOGY DIDN'T HAVE 5\< ( A POLITICAL ANALYSIS & SOCIAL ECOLOGY WAS TOO AN?ROPOC5TRIC4 ,SO WE K9D ( TRI$ TO BRIDGE !M & TRI$ TO F9D SOME?+ ?AT WAS BO? HAD MORE ( AN E>?-C5T]$ P]SPECTIVE BUT ALSO UND]/OOD POLITICAL REALITY & ! ROLE ( HUMANS ON ?IS PLANET & CAPITALISM & SO ON0 7,WITMAN #b#h3 #d74 

,DRAW+ FROM AN AFF9ITY = DEEP ECOLOGY & SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 ,G,J,E,P =M$ A HYBRID !ORY1 :I* !Y CLASSIFI$ AS 0,REVOLUTION>Y ,ECOLOGY04  ,LET'S TAKE A MOM5T TO EXPLORE BO? !ORIES4  ,DEEP ,ECOLOGY1 PIONE]$ BY ,NORWEGIAN ,>NE ,NAESS1 CALLS = 0BIOSPH]IC EGALIT>IANISM01 & DOES NOT DI/+UI% ! NE$S ( HUMANS FROM ?AT ( ! NATURE4 ,HUMANS HAVE LO/ !IR RESPECT = NATURE & SEE IT M]ELY AS A MALLEABLE RES\RCE1 ,NAESS AFFIRMS1  0,! ATTEMPT TO IGNORE \R DEP5D5CE & TO E/ABLI% A MA/]-SLAVE ROLE HAS CONTRIBUT$ TO ! ALI5ATION ( HUMANS FROM !MSELVES0 7#a#i#g#c3 #d74 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9'S !ORY ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY IS ROOT$ 9 AN>*I/ VIEWS ALONG ! L9ES ( ,PET] ,KROPOTK9'S *ALL5GE TO ! HI]>*AL /ATE4 ,BOOK*9 SEES ! NE$ TO EVALUATE 5VIRONM5TAL & SOCIAL CRISES BAS$ ON ! UND]LY+ FACTORS ?AT PAV$ ! WAY = SU* PROBLEMS RA!R ?AN ADDRESS+ ! SUP]FICIAL PRODUCTS ( SU* 9JU/ICE4  ,9 ,! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY1 ,BOOK*9 WRITES1 

0,9 ?IS BOOK ,I CONT5D ?AT NATURE CAN 9DE$ ACQUIRE E?ICAL MEAN+ -- AN OBJECTIVELY GR\ND$ E?ICAL MEAN+4  ,RA!R ?AN AN AMORPH\S BODY ( P]SONALIZ$1 (T5 >BITR>Y VALUES1 ,I CONT5D ?AT ?IS E?ICAL MEAN+ 9VOLVES AN EXP&$ VIEW ( REALITY1 A DIALECTICAL VIEW ( NATURAL EVOLUTION1 & A DI/ANCE -- ALBEIT BY NO MEANS HI]>*AL -- PLACE = HUMANITY & SOCIETY 9 NATURAL EVOLUTION4  ,! SOCIAL CAN NO LONG] BE SEP>AT$ FROM ! ECOLOGICAL ANY MORE ?AN HUMANITY CAN BE SEP>AT$ FROM NATURE4  ,MY/ICAL ECOLOGI/S :O DUALIZE ! NATURAL & ! SOCIAL BY CONTRA/+ 'BIOC5TRICITY' ) 'AN?ROPOC5TRICITY' HAVE 9CREAS+LY DIM9I%$ ! IMPORTANCE ( SOCIAL !ORY 9 %AP+ ECOLOGICAL ?9K+4  ,POLITICAL ACTION & $UCATION HAS GIV5 WAY TO VALUES ( P]SONAL R$EMPTION1 RITUALI/IC BEHAVIOR1 ! D5IGRATION ( HUMAN WILL1 & ! VIRTUES ( HUMAN IRRATIONALITY4  ,AT A TIME :5 ! HUMAN EGO1 IF NOT P]SONALITY ITSELF1 IS ?REAT5$ BY HOMOG5IZATION & AU?ORIT>IAN MANIPULATION1 MY/ICAL ECOLOGY HAS ADVANC$ A MESSAGE ( SELF-EFFACEM5T1 PASSIVITY1 & OB$I5CE TO ! 'LAWS ( NATURE' ?AT >E HELD TO BE SUPREME OV] ! CLAIMS ( HUMAN ACTIVITY & PRAXIS4  ,A PHILOSOPHY MU/ BE DEVELOP$ ?AT BREAKS ) ?IS DEAD5+ AV]SION TO REASON1 ACTION & SOCIAL CONC]N0 7#a#i#i3 #d#g74 

,BOOK*9'S L5G?Y QUOTE IS AN ATTACK UPON ,>NE ,NAESS' PHILOSOPHY ( DEEP ECOLOGY1 :I* HE D5\NCES AS 0MY/ICAL ECOLOGY0 SEE+ ?AT IT IS GR\ND$ UPON A SPIRITUALI/IC REV]5CE = ! 5VIRONM5T & FAILS TO 9CORPORATE SOCIOPOLITICAL ANALYSIS & ACTION4  ,DEEP ECOLOGY EMPHASIZES SPIRITUAL & PSY*OLOGICAL *ANGE AS ! /EPP+ /ONE = CREAT+ A MU* NE$$ HOLI/IC \TLOOK ON ! 5VIRONM5T ,&REW ,MC,LAU<L9 9 ,= A ,RADICAL ,ECOC5TRISM /ATES1 0,BUT ! DEEP ECOLOGY MOVEM5T DOES AIM TO TRANS=M SOCIETY1 & IT IS NOT CLE> ?AT SPIRITUAL CONV]SIONS OR TRANS=MATIONAL PSY*OLOGIES >E F\NDATIONS ?AT CAN EFFECTIVELY SUPPORT ?IS GOAL 9 A BROADLY BAS$ SOCIAL MOVEM5T0 7#b#f#f74    ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 SOCIAL ECOLOGY PLACES ITS EMPHASIS ON *ALL5G+ ! CAPITALI/ SOCIAL ORD] & RE/RUCTUR+ SOCIETY BAS$ ON MUTUAL AID & SOLID>ITY4 ,SOCIAL ECOLOGY CALLS = AN ACTIVE ROLE 9 TRANS=M+ SOCIETY RA!R ?AN ! FATALI/IC QUASI-SPIRITUAL DOCTR9E ( DEEP ECOLOGY4 ,BOOK*9'S ESSAY ,:AT IS ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY ELABORATES1 

0,SOCIAL ECOLOGY 'RADICALIZES' NATURE1 OR MORE PRECISELY1 \R UND]/&+ ( NATURAL PH5OM5A1 BY QUE/ION+ ! PREVAIL+ M>KETPLACE IMAGE ( NATURE FROM AN ECOLOGICAL /&PO9T3 NATURE AS A CON/ELLATION ( COMMUNITIES ?AT >E NEI!R 'BL9D' NOR 'MUTE1' 'CRUEL' NOR 'COMPETITIVE1' '/+Y' NOR 'NECESSIT>IAN' BUT1 FRE$ ( ALL AN?ROPOC5TRIC MORAL TRAPP+S1 A P>TICIPATORY REALM ( 9T]ACTIVE LIFE-=MS :OSE MO/ \T/&+ ATTRIBUTES >E FECUNDITY1 CREATIVITY1 & DIRECTIV5ESS1 M>K$ BY COMPLEM5T>ITY ?AT R5D]S ! NATURAL WORLD ! GR\ND+ = AN E?ICS ( FRE$OM RA!R ?AN DOM9ATION0 7#e#e74 

,PROPON5TS ( !SE RESPECT$ !ORIES HAVE WAG$ S*OL>LY BATTLES AS TO :I* IS ! SUP]IOR RADICAL 5VIRONM5TAL !ORY4  ,G,J,E,P BELIEVES ?AT IT IS MORE IMPORTANT TO ACC5TUATE ! POSITIVE ASPECTS ( EA* !ORY & ?US !IR HYBRID !ORY ( 0,REVOLUTION>Y ,ECOLOGY0 IS BE/ SUIT$ TO 9TEGRATE RA!R ?AN ALI5ATE 5VIRONM5TAL ?9K]S4  ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ECOLOGY IS SIMPLY A FANCY WAY ( DESCRIB+ ECOLOGICAL OR 0GRE50 AN>*ISM4 ,BRIAN ,TOK>'S ,E>? = ,SALE PLACES ,KROPOTK9'S !ORY 9 CONTEXT ( REVOLUTION>Y ECOLOGY1 

0,ONE ( ! MO/ >TICULATE PRECURSORS ( A RADICAL ECOLOGICAL VISION WAS ! ,RUSSIAN NATURALI/ & GEOGRAPH] ,PET] ,KROPOTK91 :O R5\NC$ ! PREVAIL+ 9T]PRETATION ( ,*>LES ,D>W9'S PR9CIPLE ( EVOLUTION AS A REL5TLESS 0/RUGGLE = EXI/5CE10 & SET \T TO EXAM9E COOP]ATION & MUTUAL AID AS FACTORS 9 BO? NATURAL & SOCIAL EVOLUTION4  ,KROPOTK9 ALSO EXAM9$ ! IRRATIONALITIES ( MASS 9DU/RY 9 A DETAIL$ /UDY ?AT (F]$ AMPLE EVID5CE TO SUPPORT ?IS AN>*I/IC SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY4  ,! ABOLITION ( AU?ORITATIVE /ATE P[]1 HE WROTE W\LD CREATE ! BASIS = A COOP]ATIVE SOCIETY 9 :I* CONF$]AT$1 VILLAGE-BAS$ ECONOMIES COMB9$ AGRICULTURE & 9DU/RY1 & 5HANC$ HUMAN CREATIVITY BY RECONCIL+ M5TAL & MANUAL WORK0 7#a#i#i#g3 #a#a#c74 

,I WAS ABLE TO GA9 A BROAD] UND]/&+ ( ! PRAXIS ( ECOLOGICAL AN>*ISM & UND]/& ,G,J,E,P'S ROLE 9 BO? GLOBAL & LOCAL 5VIRONM5TAL MOVEM5TS ?R\< AN 9T]VIEW ) ,ANNE ,PET]MAN4 ,%E WORK$ EXT5SIVELY = ! ,NATIVE ,=E/ ,NETWORK1 A ,N,G,O ?AT WORKS TO PRES]VE 9DIG5\S L&S1 :I* PLAC$ H] 9 AN ACTIVE ROLE WORK+ ) ! ,C]E TO PROTECT !IR HOMEL&S FROM ! ,HYDRO,QUEBEC ,DAM4  ,MORE REC5TLY1 ,ANNE HAS DEVOT$ H] EF=TS T[>DS & ANTI G5ETICALLY 5G9E]$ 7,G,E7 TREE CAMPAIGN4 ,SO :AT IS ! OV]ALL MISSION /ATEM5T ( ,G,J,E,P8 

,ANNE RESPONDS1 

0,WE PRETTY MU* TRY TO /ICK TO \R MISSION :I* IS TO BUILD LOCAL1 NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL ALLIANCES & 9CORPORATE DIRECT ACTION TO ADDRESS ! COMMON ROOT CAUSES ( 5VIRONM5TAL DE/RUCTION SOCIAL 9JU/ICE & ECONOMIC DOM9ATION4  ,9 \R WORK WE REALLY FEEL ?AT F9D+ ! ROOT CAUSES & ADDRESS+ ?OSE ROOT CAUSES IS REALLY KEY -- PUTT+ 0B&-AIDS0 ON ?+S ISN'T REALLY GO+ TO GET US ANY:]E4 ,UNTIL WE ADDRESS ! ROOT CAUSES ( 5VIRONM5TAL DOM9ATION1 NAMELY ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 ?AT Y\ KN[ IS REALLY KEY T[>D MAK+ ANY PROGRESS ON ! MAJOR 5VIRONM5TAL & SOCIAL ISSUES ?AT WE >E DEAL+ )1 GLOBAL W>M+ BE+ ! MO/ OBVI\S EXAMPLE4  ,) ! EM]G5CE ( GLOBAL W>M+ AS SOME?+ ?AT LOTS & LOTS ( PEOPLE UND]/& & >E BEG9N+ TO BE CONC]N$ AB\T WE'VE />T$ TO REFRAME \R PROGRAM WORK :I* HAS TRADITIONALLY BE5 =E/ PROTECTION & 9DIG5\S RI<TS1 9T]NATIONALLY MA9LY1 REFRAM+ ?AT UND] ! UMBRELLA ( GLOBAL W>M+ SO ?AT WE >E />T+ TO TIE 9 :Y >E =E/S KEY TO ! GLOBAL W>M+ PROBLEM0 7,WITMAN3 #a74 

,G,J,E,P HAS TAK5 A FIRM /ANCE AGA9/  0FALSE SOLUTIONS0 ( ! CONTEMPOR>Y 5VIRONM5TAL MOVEM5T4 ,C>BON TRAD+ & C>BON SEQUE/RATION PROGRAMS >E :AT ,ANNE W\LD CALL 0B&-AID0 SOLUTIONS1 AS !Y FAIL TO ADDRESS ! FLAWS ( CAPITALI/ CULTURE1 ! UND]LY+ CAUSE ( GLOBAL 5VIRONM5TAL PROBLEMS4 ,!SE C>BON-(FSET S*EMES >E DOM9AT$ GOV]NM5T POLICY & HI]>*AL 5VIRONM5TAL ,N,G,OS ,FREQU5TLY2 C>BON SEQUE/RATION S*EMES =CE ! 0,GLOBAL ,S\?0 TO PAY ! TOLL = ! GLOBAL W>M+ POLLUTION FROM ! DEVELOP$ 0,NOR?04  ,! MO/ COMMON ME?OD ( C>BON DIOXIDE SEQUE/RATION 9VOLVES MONOCULTURE TREE PLANTATIONS 9 ! TROPICS -- ! >GUM5T IS MADE ?AT ! NEWLY PLANT TREES ABSORB C>BON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS1 ?US HELP+ TO (FSET CLIMATE *ANGE4  0,GRE50 CONSUM]S -- NAMELY 0ECO-CONSCI\S YUPPIES0 9 FIR/ WORLD C\NTRIES HAVE ! ABILITY TO PUR*ASE C>BON CR$ITS TO HELP (FSET C>BON DIOXIDE PRODUC$ BY A PLANE TRIP OR UTILITY BILL ETC4 

,!RE >E TWO IMPORTANT >GUM5TS TO BE MADE H]E4  ,FIR/ (F1 ! C>BON-(FSET 9DU/RY CAT]S TO A M9ORITY NI*E M>KET ( AFFLU5T FIR/-WORLD CITIZ5S :O WANT TO 0GRE50 !IR LIFE/YLE4   ,:AT'S MORE1 ! C>BON-(FSET M>KET CAT]S TO ! V]Y CONSUM] CULTURE ?AT IS RESPONSIBLE = 5VIRONM5TAL DEGRADATION1 AS IT PROVIDES A MONET>Y SOLUTION TO A CRISIS ROOT$ 9 CAPITALISM4  ,MORE IMPORTANTLY1 ! BIODIV]SITY & PEOPLE ( ! 0,GLOBAL ,S\?0 SUFF] AS A RESULT ( ! CREATION ( C>BON-(FSET TREE PLANTATIONS4   ,!SE TREE PLANTATIONS >E ECOLOGICAL DES]TS & USE UP L& ?AT C\LD BE US$ = 9DIG5\S AGRICULTURE OR TURN$ 9TO A NATURE RES]VE4 ,FROM AN AN>*I/ P]SPECTIVE1 C>BON (FSET S*EMES ADH]E TO ! CONF9ES ( ! V]Y SOCIAL SY/EM -- CAPITALISM TO ADDRESS PROBLEM CAUSES BY SU* SY/EM4 ,ANNE HI<LI<TS ! HYPOCRISY ( !SE POLICIES BY ADDRESS+ ! PRICE 9DIG5\S PEOPLES PAY = !SE C>BON-(FSET TREE PLANTATIONS1 

0,& ALSO ON ! 9DIG5\S RI<TS PIECE -- 9DIG5\S L&S >E L>GELY BE+ LOOK$ AT TO PROVIDE !SE SO-CALL$ 0SOLUTIONS0 TO GLOBAL W>M+ BECAUSE !Y HAVE BE5 TRADITIONAL /EW>DS ( !IR L&S = MILL5NIA & HAVE L>GELY PROTECT$ ! RES\RCES ON ?OSE L&S4  ,N[ 9/ITUTES SU* AS ! ,WORLD ,BANK & L>GE CORPORATIONS >E SAY+1 0,WELL Y\ KN[ WE W\LD LOVE TO USE ?OSE L&S1 ! =E/S ?AT >E /ILL /&+ ON ?OSE L&S TO (FSET \R C>BON EMISSIONS04  ,:I*1 Y\ KN[ IS COMPLETELY BAS$ ON FLAW$ PHONY SCI5CE BUT NONE!LESS ?AT IS :AT !Y WANT TO DO4 ,!Y WANT TO USE SU* L&S AS C>BON (FSETS = !IR POLLUTION4 ,SO ! 9DIG5\S COMMUNITIES >E BE+ IMPACT$ ?AT WAY !Y >E BE+ REMOV$ FROM !IR L&S SO ?AT ?OSE L&S CAN BE PROTECT$ AS 0HUMAN EXCLUSION ZONES0 -- SPECIFICALLY = ! PURPOSE ( C>BON (FSETS4  ,& AT ! SAME TIME !SE COMMUNITIES >E ALSO ON ! FRONTL9ES ( EXP]I5C+ ! IMPACTS ( GLOBAL W>M+4 ,! CLOS] ?AT Y\ LIVE TO ! L&1 ! MORE Y\ >E GO+ TO BE IMPACT$ :5 ! CLIMATE *ANGES -- :5 ! WILDLIFE />TS TO %IFT & PLANTS & =E/S />T DY+ (F OR SPECIES />T *ANG+4 ,SO1 Y\ KN[ ?IS IS AN ISSUE ?AT IS REALLY IMPACT+ RURAL & 9DIG5\S MORE ?AN ALMO/ ANYBODY ELSE0 7,IBID474 

,AL?\< ,G,J,E,P BELIEVES 9 ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ALT]NATIVE 5]GY PROJECTS1 PLANS ?AT 9FR+E UPON 9DIG5\S RI<TS OR PROMOTE E?NOC5TRISM FALL UND] ! UMBRELLA ( 0FALSE SOLUTIONS0 TO 5VIRONM5TAL PROBLEMS4 ,9 ! #a#i#i'S %E BECAME ACTIVE SPOKESP]SON = 9DIG5\S RI<TS ?R\< H] AFFILIATION ) ! ,NATIVE ,=E/ ,NETWORK4 ,! CONTROV]SY OV] ! ,HYDO,QUEBEC DAM ( ,/4 ,JAMES ,BAY WAS A /ELL> 5VIRONM5TAL ISSUE ( ! MID #a#i#i'S4  ,ONE H&1 ,HYDRO,QUEBEC WANT$ TO PROVIDE CLEAN 5]GY = ,QUEBEC & P>TS ( ,NEW ,5GL&4  ,YET ?IS ALT]NATIVE 5]GY PROPOSAL W\LD COME AT ! EXP5SE ( ! ,C]E'S HOMEL&4 ,W]E !RE ANY OV]>*+ DIFFICULTIES MITIGAT+ DIALOGUE BETWE5 5VIRONM5TALI/S & ! ,C]E ,NATION8 ,SURPRIS+LY1 ?IS WAS NOT ! CASE1 ,ANNE COMM5TS1 

0,I DON'T REALLY REMEMB] HAV+ A LOT ( PROBLEMS ) ?AT1 ,I ?9K !RE W]E A FEW PEOPLE \T !RE :O MAYBE W]E ANTI-NUCLE> ACTIVI/S :O SAW ,HYDRO,QUEBEC AS SOME SORT ( ALT]NATIVE TO ,V]MONT ,YANKEE1 = EXAMPLE4  ,BUT = ! MO/ P>T1 !RE WAS A PRETTY BROAD ALLIANCE ( GR\PS ?AT W]E OPPOS$ TO ,HYDRO,QUEBEC4 ,SO !RE WASN'T TOO MU* CONFLICT0 7,IBID43 #c74 

,AL?\< ,ANNE'S ACADEMIC BACKGR\ND IS NOT 9 AN?ROPOLOGY1 H] POSITIONS ON 5VIRONM5TAL JU/ICE CORRELATE ) C5TRAL !MES ( AN?ROPOLOGY & CULTURAL RELATIVISM4  ,H] ATTITUDES ON 5VIRONM5TALISM & OP9IONS ON SCI5TIFIC CONS]VATION CO9CIDE ) ! !MES EXPRESS$ 9 ,MAC ,*AP9'S ,*ALL5GE TO ,CONS]VATIONI/S4  ,*AP9'S MA9 >GUM5T IS ?AT ! 0,! ,BIG ,?REE0 5VIRONM5TAL ,N,G,OS MA9TA9 AN >ROGANT ATTITUDE & 9SI/ ?AT ONLY !IR PROJECTS G5]ATE FEASIBLE CONS]VATION SOLUTIONS4 ,SU* ORGANIZATIONS SIMPLY DISREG>D ! ROLE ( 9DIG5\S PEOPLES2 ,*AP9 QUOTES A BIOLOGI/ FROM ,CONS]VATION ,9T]NATIONAL 7,C,I71 0,QUITE FRANKLY1 ,I DON'T C>E :AT ! ,9DIANS WANT4 ,WE HAVE TO WORK TO CONS]VE ! BIODIV]SITY0 7#b#d3 #b#a74  ,SU* RHETORIC P9PO9TS ! HI]>*AL & ONE-SID$ NATURE ( 0MA9/REAM 5VIRONM5TALISM04 ,LAT] ON 9 ! 9T]VIEW1 ,ANNE M5TIONS EXPLICIT CASE /UDIES 9 :I* 9DIG5\S PEOPLES HAVE BE5 M>G9ALIZ$ BY ,! ,NATURE ,CONS]VANCY 7,T,N,C7 & ,C,I1 RESPECTIVELY4 ,G,J,E,P CRITIQUES ! ROLE ( ! MA9/REAM 5VIRONM5TAL MOVEM5T AS EXAC]BAT+ RA!R ?AN HELP+ SOLVE 5VIRONM5TAL PROBLEMS4   ,ANNE /ATES1 

0,& AS ,I JU/ M5TION$1 !SE C>BON (FSETS ON 9DIG5\S L&S -- ?IS IS BE+ DONE BY ! ,WORLD ,BANK & ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS BUT ALSO 9 CONJUNCTION ) ,! ,NATURE ,CONS]VANCY4  ,! ,NATURE ,CONS]VANCY 9 ,BALI ACTUALLY GAVE ! ,WORLD ,BANK #e MILLION DOLL>S = ?IS PROGRAM ITS CALL$ 0,! ,=E/ ,C>BON ,P>TN]%IP ,FACILITY0 & IT IS ALL AB\T COVET+ & TAK+ OV] 9DIG5\S L&S = C>BON (FSETS4 ,SO !Y >E V]Y MU* P>T ( ! PROBLEM & 9 FACT ,I TALK$ TO AN ,9DONESIAN ACTIVI/ :5 ,I WAS 9 ,BRAZIL LA/ ,APRIL :O WORKS ) 0,VIA ,CAMPES9A0 & WE W]E TALK+ AB\T ! PROBLEMS ) !SE 0,BIG ,?REE ,GR\PS0 & HE M5TION$ ?AT ONE ( ! PROBLEMS ( !IR MODEL1 ?IS 0HUMAN EXCLUSION ZONE0 MODEL ( PROTECT+ QUOTE UNQUOTE 0 ! 5VIRONM5T0 & 9 SOME C\NTRIES :AT IS ACTUALLY DOES IS OP5 UP ! DOORS TO RES\RCE EXTRACTION4 ,HE SPECIFICALLY TALK$ AB\T ,9DONESIA :]E !Y HAD DONE ?IS ?+ :]E !Y HAD GONE 9TO ?IS >EA ( ! ,BORNEO =E/ & HAD ?R[N ! 9DIG5\S & RURAL COMMUNITIES (F !IR L&1 DRAWN A CIRCLE >\ND IT & SAID1 0,OK ?IS IS N[ PROTECT$04 ,BUT BECAUSE ! COMMUNITIES W]E NO LONG] !RE IT OP5$ UP ?IS =E/ TO ILLEGAL   LOGG+ BECAUSE !RE WAS NOBODY TO WAT* OV] IT ANYMORE4  ,SO 9 SOME CASES !IR 70,! ,BIG ,?REE07 EF=TS TO CONS]VE QUOTE UNQUOTE 0=E/S0 IS ACTUALLY OP5+ UP ! DOOR TO MORE RES\RCE EXTRACTION0 7,WITMAN3 #b74 

,?IS P9PO9TS ! DUPLICITY ( L>GE 9T]NATIONAL 5VIRONM5TAL ,N,G,O'S LIKE ,T,N,C4 ,MAC ,*AP9 M5TIONS1 ,EXXON,MOBIL1 ,%ELL ,9T]NATIONAL1 ,WEY]HAUS]1 ,MONSANTO1 ,D[ ,*EMICAL & ,DUKE ,5]GY >E CORPORATE SPONSORS ( 0,! ,BIG ,?REE0  7#b#e74  ,UN=TUNATELY1 ! FACT ?AT ,T,N,C W\LD =CIBLY REMOVE 9DIG5\S PEOPLES FROM !IR L&S TO RES\RCE EXTRACTION IS NOT TOO SURPRIS+ CONSID]+ :]E !Y GET !Y GET !IR MONEY FROM4   ,ON A SIMIL> NOTE1 9 #b#c1 ,ANNE TOOK P>T 9 A ,GLOBAL ,EX*ANGE DELEGATION TO /UDY :Y ,CONS]VATION ,9T]NATIONAL & ! ,MEXICAN GOV]NM5T W]E TRY+ TO ?R[ 9DIG5\S COMMUNITIES \T ( ! ,LAC&ON RA9=E/4   ,! COMMUNITY WAS ALLI$ ) ! ,ZAPATI/AS & PRACTIC$ SU/A9ABLE AGRICULTURE & AGR(ORE/RY4  ,!Y W]E BE+ S+L$ AS A 0R$ H]R+0 BY ! ,MEXICAN GOV]NM5T = CAUS+ DE=E/ATION ?R\< SLA%-&-BURN AGRICULTURE4  ,! OBS]VATIONS ?AT ,GLOBAL ,EX*ANGE MADE AS !Y DID AN A]IAL SURVEY ( ! L&SCAPE PROV$ ?IS ASSUMPTION C\LDN'T HAVE BE5 FUR!R FROM ! TRU?4  ,ANNE DESCRIBES1 

,! DELEGATION DID AN OV] FLI<T ( ! >EA & :AT !Y F\ND WAS ?AT ! ,MEXICAN MILIT>Y WAS DE/ROY+ ! =E/ & HAV+ ALL ( !SE NEGATIVE IMPACTS1 NOT ! COMMUNITIES4 ,ONE ( ! REASONS ?IS WAS HAPP5+ -- :Y ,CONS]VATION ,9T]NATIONAL HAD TEAM$ UP ) ! ,MEXICAN MILIT>Y ON ?IS WAS BECAUSE !Y W]E TRY+ TO OP5 UP ! >EA = BIOPROSPECT+ -- = PH>MACEUTICAL COMPANIES TO GO 9 & PAT5T M$IC9AL PLANTS4  ,SO ?IS IS :AT !SE *>ACT]S DO4  ,! PEOPLE WE WORK ) A V]Y MU* ON ! O!R SIDE ( ?AT ABYSS -- NOT WORK+ ) !M 70,! ,BIG ,?REE07 AT ALL OR WORK+ AGA9/ !M0 7,IBID43 #c74 

,?IS P>TICUL> ACTION DESCRIBES ! DIRECT ACTION APPROA* ( ,G,J,E,P4  ,G,J,E,P HE>D AB\T 9JU/ICE 9 ! ,LAC&ON RA9=E/1 SO !Y HEAD$ D[N TO ,MEXICO TO SEE :AT !Y C\LD DO TO HELP4 ,?IS TYPE ( RESPONSE IS MU* MORE SUCCESSFUL ?AN LOBBY+ 9 ,WA%+TON ,D,C OR PETITION+ ! ,MEXICAN GOV]NM5T TO /OP REMOV+ 9DIG5\S PEOPLES FROM !IR L&4  ,G,J,E,P KNEW ?AT ! HI]>*IES ( GOV]NM5T BUREAUCRACY W\LDN'T BR+ JU/ICE1 SO !Y TOOK MATT]S 9TO !IR [N H&S4  ,AS AN AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION1 ,G,J,E,P BELIEVES 9 SELF-EMP[]M5T & EMPHASIZES ! SIGNIFICANCE ( TAK+ DIRECT ACTION TO ASS]T Y\R VOICE1 9/EAD ( HOP+ ?AT ! HI]>*AL P[] /RUCTURES ( GOV]NM5T CAN BE PRESSUR$ TO 0DO ! RI<T ?+04  ,MEMB]S FROM ,G,J,E,P TRAVEL$ TO ! LA/ ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS ,FRAMEWORK ,CONV5TION ON ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE 7,U,N,F,C,C,C7 9 ,BALI TO PROTE/ ! ,U,S'S LACK ( COMMITM5T TO GLOBAL W>M+1 %$ LI<T UPON 0,! REAL CO/ ( AGR(UELS0 & SPEAK \T AGA9/ ,G,E TREES4  ,MEMB]S ( ,G,J,E,P /OOD 9 SOLID>ITY ) 9DIG5\S PEOPLES :O WORE GAGS ON !IR M\?S ?AT READ1 0,U,N,F,C,C,C0 TO %[ H[ 9DIG5\S P]SPECTIVES >E SIL5C$ AT !SE HI]>*AL GLOBAL 5VIRONM5TAL CONV5TIONS4 

,AL?\< ,I APPLAUD ,G,J,E,P'S EF=TS TO TAKE ACTION ON A GLOBAL SCALE IT SEEMS AS IF !IR IMPACT ON ,V]MONT'S 5VIRONM5TAL MOVEM5T IS NOM9AL AT BE/4   ,T[>DS ! BEG9N+ ( ?IS PAP]1 ,I 9CLUD$ A QUOTE FROM ,ANNE ?AT TALK$ AB\T ,G,J,E,P'S CONFLICTS ) ! ,SI]RA ,CLUB :5 !Y W]E P>T ( A COALITION TO PRES]VE ! ,GRE5 ,M\NTA9 ,NATIONAL ,=E/4  ,G,J,E,P FELT ?AT !IR VIEWS W]E SQUEL*$ BY ! LIKES ( ! ,SI]RA ,CLUB & ! ,WILD]NESS SO !Y FELT ?AT BE+ 9VOLV$ WAS C\NT]PRODUCTIVE4  ,AL?\< ,I DON'T KN[ MU* AB\T ! CONTEXT ( ,G,J,E,P'S 9T]ACTIONS ) ! O!R ,V,T 5VIRONM5TAL GR\PS1 P]HAPS !Y FALL 9TO ! AN>*I/ P>ADIGM ( BE+ 0TOO-ANTI04 ,ADDITIONALLY1 IT SEEMS AS IF ,G,J,E,P FOCUSES PRIM>ILY UPON GLOBAL 5VIRONM5TAL ISSUES RA!R ?AN FO/]+ A /RONG S5SE ( UNITY ) O!R 5VIRONM5TAL ACTIVI/S 9 ,V]MONT4  ,AFT] ALL1 ISN'T AN>*ISM AB\T COMMUNITY & SOLID>ITY8  ,FUR!R COMM5T>Y ON !SE MATT]S WILL BE MADE 9 MY POLICY ADD5DUM4 

,! 5VIRONM5TAL MOVEM5T 9 ,V]MONT IS LEAD BY ,N,G,OS LIKE ,V,P,I,R,G & ! ,SI]RA ,CLUB1 GR\PS ?AT PLACE NE>LY ALL ( !IR EF=TS ON FUNDRAIS+ & LOBBY+ RA!R ?AN DIRECT ACTION OR PROTE/4  ,AFT] WORK+ A FULL SUMM] CANVAS+ = ! ,SI]RA ,CLUB & ,R,I,P,I,R,G ,I CAN ATTE/ TO ! FACT ?AT SU* ORGANIZATIONS R5\NCE 0*ECKBOOK 5VIRONM5TALISM0 & POOL MILLIONS ( DOLL>S LOBBY+ 9 ,WA%+TON ,D,C & CREAT+ FLA%Y PUBLIC RELATIONS CAMPAIGNS4  ,SU* GR\PS B>ELY SCRAT* ! SURFACE ( 5VIRONM5TAL PROBLEMS & AS ,ANNE PROCLAIMS1 0>E P>T ( ! PROBLEM NOT P>T ( ! SOLUTION10 AS !Y ADH]E TO ! CAPITALI/ /ATUS QUO & PRON\NCE M>KET-BAS$ SOLUTIONS TO 5VIRONM5TAL PROBLEMS4  ,AS WE HAVE EXAM9$1 SU* ORGANIZATIONS PROMPT 0FALSE SOLUTIONS0 TO 5VIRONM5TAL DEGRADATION BY 0ADH]+ TO ! HI]>*AL =CES ?AT BE0 9/EAD ( EXAM9+ & *ALL5G+ ! ORIG9S ( 5VIRONM5TAL ILLS4 

,! >GUM5T HAS BE5 MADE TO *ALL5GE ! CONV5TIONAL MEANS ( 5VIRONM5TALISM & LOOK T[>D ALT]NATIVE AN>*I/ P]SPECTIVES2 ! QUE/ION >ISES1 H[ DO AN>*I/S1 OR O!RWISE ANTI-HI]>*AL FOLK RUN A SOCIAL_/5VIRONM5TAL JU/ICE ORGANIZATION8 ,WELL IT NE$S TO BE MADE CLE>1 ?AT AN>*ISM IS NOT A /ATE ( *AOS & DIS>RAY1 AS CONV5TIONAL OP9IONS W\LD HAVE ONE BELIEVE4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 AN>*ISM IS AB\T MUTUAL AID & SOLID>ITY1 IT IS AB\T WORK+ TOGE!R ) EA* O!R = ! COMMON GOOD & MAK+ DECISIONS ?R\< FACE-TO-FACE DEMOCRACY4    ,PUBLIC OP9ION LIMITS ,AN>*ISM TO 0CIRCLE ,A0 NIHILI/ PUNKS DONN$ ) SPIKEY JACKETS & BLACK ,T-%IRTS1 & NEGLECTS ! LONG HI/ORY ( AN>*I/ S*OL>%IP & 9FLUX ( AN>*I/ ?\<T 9 ACADEMIA4 ,AN?ROPOLOGI/ ,DAVID ,GRAEB] COMM5TS1 

0,AN>*I/- OR AN>*I/-9SPIR$ MOVEM5TS >E GR[+ EV]Y:]E2 TRADITIONAL AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES -- AUTONOMY1 VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATION1 SELF-ORGANIZATION1 MUTUAL AID 1 DIRECT DEMOCRACY -- HAVE GONE FROM ! BASIS ( ORGANIZ+ )9 ! GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T1 TO PLAY+ ! SAME ROLE 9 RADICAL MOVEM5TS ( ALL K9DS EV]Y:]E444 ,YET ALL ?IS HAS F\ND ALMO/ NO REFLECTION 9 ! ACADEMY4  ,MO/ ACADEMICS SEEM TO HAVE ONLY ! VAGUE/ IDEA ( :AT AN>*ISM IS EV5 AB\T OR DISMISS IT ) ! CRUDE/ /]EOTYPES4  7',AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION6 ,BUT ISN'T ?AT A CONTRADICTION 9 T]MS8'7  ,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES !RE >E ?\S&S ( ACADEMIC ,M>XI/S ( ONE SORT OR ANO!R1 BUT H>DLY A DOZ5 S*OL>S WILL+ TO CALL !MSELVES AN>*I/S0  7#b#d3 #b74 

,AS A RESULT OR !SE MISUND]/&+S & LACK ( SELF-DESCRIB$ AN>*I/S 9 ACADEMIA1 ECO-AN>*ISM OR O!R 0RADICAL0 5VIRONM5TAL DISC\RSES ALT]NATIVES >E R>ELY TAU<T 9 ! UNIV]SITY SETT+4  ,A /UD5T CAN GO ?R\< A /UD5T CAN GO ?R\< F\R YE>S AT ,U,V,M AS :ATEV] TYPE ( 05VIRONM5T MAJOR10 :E!R IT BE ?R\< ! ,RUB5/E9 ,S*OOL ( ,NATURAL ,RES\RCES1 5V4 5G9E]+1 5V4 /UDIES OR 5V4 SCI5CES1 & NOT REALLY BE EXPOS$ TO ! S*OOLS ( ?\< ( DEEP ECOLOGY1 SOCIAL ECOLOGY & ECO-AN>*ISM4 ,AN 5VIRONM5TAL /UDIES MAJOR (T5 ONLY LE>NS AB\T ! ,C,I,T,E,S TREATY1 \TCOMES ( ,E>? ,SUMMITS1 & ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS & SO =?4  ,I F9D IT P>TICUL>LY UPSETT+ ?AT ONLY ONE C\RSE 9 ! ,5,V,S DEP>TM5T DETAILS ! PHILOSOPHIES ( SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 AN IDEOLOGY NATIVE TO ,V]MONT4  ,) RESPECT TO AN>*ISM1 ONE MAY QUE/ION :E!R 0!Y0 7! =CES ?AT 9FLU5CE SOCIETY & $UCATION1 0! MAN0 SO TO SPEAK7 PREV5TS SU* IDEOLOGIES FROM FL\RI%+4  ,! FACT ?AT ,DAVID ,GRAEB] WAS D5I$ T5URE AT ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY SPEAKS DIRECTLY TO SU* !MES4  ,DUR+ MY 9T]VIEW ) ,ANNE ,PET]MAN1 ,I ASK$ H] AB\T H] P]SONAL DEF9ITION ( AN>*ISM TO SEE H[ H] VIEWS CO9CIDE ) ?OSE ( ,GRAEB]4 ,%E BR\<T UP ! COMMON EXAMPLE1 

0,IF Y\ HAD #a AN>*I/S 9 A ROOM & ASK$ !M :AT AN>*ISM WAS444Y\ W\LD GET #a DIFF]5T ANSW]S4 ,IT'S A V]Y P]SONAL POLITIC1 BUT = MYSELF ,I T5D TO BE MORE ALONG ! L9ES ( A COLLECTIVI/ AN>*I/ :]E ! FEEL+ ( MUTUAL AID & SOLID>ITY IS REALLY ! UND]P9N+S ( AN>*Y1 ASIDE FROM ( C\RSE ! ANTI-/ATE 7LAU<T]7 PIECE ( IT4  ,AH & SO ,I REALLY BELIEVE ?AT GOV]NM5TS >E A P>T ( ! PROBLEM & NOT P>T ( ! SOLUTION4  ,SO MY P]SONAL AN>*I/ UND]P9N+S >E >\ND BUILD+ MOVEM5TS & SOCIAL MOVEM5TS = PEOPLE TO BE ABLE TO TAKE CONTROL ( !IR [N REALITY & />T WORK+ TOGE!R ON ?IS MUTUAL AID K9D ( MODEL TO COME UP ) SOLUTIONS ?AT MAKE S5SE0 7,WITMAN #b#h3 #e74 

,SO IF AN>*ISM PROMOTES EGALIT>IANISM & *ALL5GES ! *ALL5GES ! CAPITALISM GOV]NM5T1 ISN'T SOCIALISM JU/ AS AN ALT]NATIVE 5VIRONM5TAL DISC\RSE JU/ AS COMPELL+8  ,!RE HAS BE5 A RISE 9 ,M>XI/ ECOLOGY1 PROMOT$ BY ! LIKES ( ,JOHN ,BELLAMY ,FO/]1 BUT SOCIALISM 9 PRACTICE HAS PROV$ TO F> FROM 5VIRONM5TALLY FRI5DLY4 ,RAMA*&RA ,GUHA'S *APT] ,SOCIALISM & ,5VIRONM5TALISM 7OR ,LACK ,!RE(7 PROVIDES HI/ORICAL EXAMPLES ( SOCIALISM'S CONQUE/ RA!R ?AN CONS]VATION ( NATURE4  ,GUHA MAKES NOTE ?AT ,L591 0,WAS A BRO!R ( A BIOLOGI/ & A TREKK] & NATURE LOV] HIMSELF4 ,IT WAS ,L59 :O SIGN$1 9 ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#b#a1 A NEW DECREE = ',! ,PROTECTION ( ,MONUM5TS ( ,NATURE1 ,G>D5S & ,P>KS1' :I* PROHIBIT$ HUNT+ & FI%+ 9 EXI/+ ZAPOV$NIKI & 5C\RAG$ ! E/ABLI%M5T ( NEW ONES0 7#b3 #a#b#i74 ,YET ?IS COMMITM5T TO PROTECT+ ! 5VIRONM5T ?R\< EXPANSION ( ZAPAV$NIKI 7NATURE RES]VES7 WAS %ORT LIV$4 ,! ,U,S,S,R'S ,FIVE ,YE> ,PLAN ( #a#i#b#i-#a#i#c#d BOL/]$ 9T5SIVE AGRICULTURE & 9DU/RY1 :I* D]AIL$ PREVI\S ATTEMPTS TO CREATE NATIONAL P>KS & PROTECT ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,GUHA WRITES1 

0,!RE WAS N[ REL5TLESS PRESSURE ON ECOLOGI/S TO %[ 'RESULTS1' TO MAKE !IR RESE>* LEAD DIRECTLY TO ! ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION ( NATURAL RES\RCES4  ,! COLLECTIVIZATION ( AGRICULTURE DE/ROY$ NUM]\S PROTECT$ >EAS ON ! /EPPES1 CONV]T+ NATURAL BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES 9TO FIELDS4 ,M9+ & LOGG+ W]E ALL[$ 9 O!R WILD >EAS4 ,:]E ZAPOV$NIKI ONCE COV]$ #a#b4#e MILLION HECT>ES1 BY ! E>LY '#eS ?IS HAD DECL9$ TO A M]E #a4#e MILLION HECT>ES0 7,IBID74 

,*9A MA9TA9S ! L>GE/ & LONGE/ LA/+ COMMUNI/ GOV]NM5T :ILE EXHIBIT+ ONE ( ! WORLD'S MO/ DIRE 5VIRONM5TAL & HUMAN RI<T'S RECORDS4 ,CORRUPTION UND] ! ,*9ESE ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY IS UBIQUIT\S ON LOCAL & NATIONAL LEVELS4 ,RURAL PEASANTS CANNOT EV5 MEET !IR BASIC NE$S LET ALONE DREAM ( UPW>D SOCIAL MOBILITY4  ,*5 & ,WU'S ,WILL ,! ,BOAT ,S9K ,! ,WAT]8 DESCRIBES1 

0,! VILLAG]S ALL COMPLA9$ ?AT ! CADRES *EAT$ !IR SUP]IORS & OPPRESS$ ! PEOPLE1 GAVE !MSELVES P]KS & PRIVILEGES & DID NOT KEEP PROP] RECORDS ( ! VILLAGE F9ANCES4  ,!  'ONE PAYM5T1 TWO RECORDS' SCAM WAS JU/ ONE ITEM 9 !IR BAG ( DIRTY TRICKS0 7,IBID4 #e#f74 ,!SE IMPOV]I%$ PEOPLE RESORT TO DRA/IC MEASURES TO SU/A9 !IR MEAG] EXI/5CE1 ,*5 & ,WU AUGM5T1 0 ,! VILLAGES >E SO DESP]ATELY POOR ?AT MANY PEASANTS 9 SOME PRODUCTION TEAMS SURVIV$ BY SELL+ !IR BLOOD AT REGUL> 9T]VALS0 7,IBID4 #b#d7 ,HEAVY TAXATION CREATES AN 5VIRONM5T 9 :I* F>M]S CANNOT EV5 AF=D TO EAT !IR [N CROPS4   ,*5 & ,WU W]E %OCK$ BY ! />K POV]TY :5 TRAVEL+ ?R\< ! ,BAIMAIO ,T[N%IP 9 NOR!RN ,ANHUI C\NTRYSIDE1 

0,A C>TLOAD ( FRE% SCALLIONS W\LD SELL = TWO TO ?REE YUAN OR AB\T #ca C5TS4 ,CABBAGES F>$ SLI<TLY BETT]1 SELL+ = #a F5 P] J9 7LITTLE OV] A ,U,S P\ND74 ,& YET ! PEASANTS C\LD NOT AF=D TO EAT !IR [N VEGETABLES4 ,9 ! VILLAGE1 WE SAW A MAN 9 HIS ?IRTIES SQUATT+ 9 ! DOOR ( HIS H\SE EAT+ A B[L ( RICE1 ) NO?+ ON IT4 ,WE ASK$ HIM :Y HE DIDN'T COOK SOME ( HIS [N CABBAGES TO GO ) HIS RICE4 ,WE W]E HE>TBROK5 BY HIS ANSW]3 0,IF ,I USE ONE J9 ( CABBAGE1 WON'T ,I BE T5 F5 %ORT8 7,IBID43 #i#f74 

,! ,C,C,P IS WAG+ A W> AGA9/ ITS PEOPLE & ! 5VIRONM5T1 ,GUHA REPORTS1 

0,9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#i#c1 VILLAG]S 9 ,GANSU ,PROV9CE PROTE/$ AGA9/ ! CONTAM9ATION ( !IR WAT] BY A *EMICAL PLANT1 LEAD+ TO ! DEA?S ( FI% & LIVE/OCK & AN 9CREASE 9 RESPIRATORY ILLNESSES4  ,:5 ! FACTORY'S MANAG]S1 !MSELVES WELL CONNECT$ TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 DISREG>D$ !IR COMPLA9TS1 PEASANTS TOOK TO ! /REETS4  ,RIOT POLICE W]E CALL$ 92 !Y KILL$ TWO PROTE/]S & 9JUR$ SEV]AL O!RS BE=E RE/OR+ ORD]0 7#a#c#c74 

,AS WE HAVE SE5 9 ! CASE /UDIES ( ,U,S,S,R & ,COMMUNI/ ,*9A1 /ATE SOCIALISM DOES NOT FO/] JU/ICE1 EQUALITY OR 5VIRONM5TAL /EW>D%IP4  ,! IMPLICATIONS ( SU* GOV]NM5TS BR+ AB\T TYRANNY1 FE>-MONG]+ & WIDE-SCALE 5VIRONM5TAL DE/RUCTION4  ,GUHA AFFIRMS1 

0,! IDEOLOGY ( /ATE SOCIALISM IS ANTI!TICAL TO 5VIRONM5TALISM ON A NUMB] ( GR\NDS3 9 ITS WOR%IP ( TE*NOLOGY2 9 ITS >ROGANT DESIRE TO CONQU] NATURE2 ?R\< ITS SY/EM ( C5TRAL PLANN+ 9 :I* POLLUTION CONTROL COMES 9 ! WAY ( FULFILLM5T ( PRODUCTION T>GETS4  ,MO/ ( ALL1 ?\<1 /ATE SOCIALISM HAS 9HIBIT$ 5VIRONM5TALISM BY ?ROTTL+ DEMOCRACY1 BY D5Y+ TO ?OSE IT RULES OV] ! BASIC FRE$OMS ( ASSOCIATION1 COMB9ATION & EXPRESSION0 7,IBID43 #a#c#d74 

,NOT ONLY IS SOCIALISM FLAW$ 9 ITS APPLICATION1 BUT ! !ORIZ+ & SP9-(FS FROM ,M>X FOCUS MORE ON S*OL>LY DISC\RSE ?AN ACTIVISM4  ,GRAEB] COMM5TS1 

0,JU/ AS ,M>XISM SPRANG FROM ! M9D ( ,M>X1 SO WE HAVE ,L59I/S1 ,MAOI/S1 ,TROTSKYITES1 ,GRAMISCIANS1 ,AL?USS]IANS4447,NOTE H[ ! LI/ />TS ) HEADS ( /ATE & GRADES ALMO/ SEAMLESSLY 9TO ,FR5* ,PR(ESSORS47 ,PI]RE ,B\RDIEU ONCE NOT$ ?AT1 IF ! ACADEMIC FIELD IS A GAME 9 :I* S*OL>S /RIVE = DOM9ANCE1 !N Y\ KN[ Y\ HAVE WON :5 O!R S*OL>S />T WOND]+ H[ TO MAKE AN ADJECTIVE \T ( Y\R NAME4  ,N[ CONSID] ! DIFF]5T S*OOLS ( AN>*ISM4  ,!RE >E AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S1 ,AN>*O-,COMMUNI/S1 ,9SURRECTIONI/S1 ,COOP]ATIVI/S1 ,9DIVIDUALI/S1 ,PLAT=MI/S444 ,NONE >E NAM$ AFT] SOME ,GREAT ,?9K]2 9/EAD1 !Y >E 9V>IABLY NAM$ EI!R AFT] SOME K9D ( PRACTICE1 OR MO/ (T51 ORGANIZATIONAL PR9CIPLE4  ,AN>*I/S LIKE TO DI/+UI% !MSELVES BY :AT !Y DO1 & H[ !Y ORGANIZE !MSELVES TO GO AB\T DO+ IT0 7#e74 

,ULTIMATELY1 ,AN>*ISM IS FOCUS$ UPON TAK+ ACTION TO *ANGE ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( 5VIRONM5TAL & SOCIAL DOM9ATION4  ,AN>*ISM IS ROOT$ BO? 9 PRACTICE & !ORY & DOES NOT HIDE BEH9D S*OL>LY BICK]+ OR GOV]NM5T BUREAUCRACY4  ,AN>*ISM IS AB\T 5SUR+ JU/ICE = ALL )\T COMPROMISE4  ,G,J,E,P1 AS AN AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION SEES ! HOLI/IC NATURE ( 5VIRONM5TAL & SOCIAL PROBLEMS & REFUSES TO REMA9 PASSIVE BY PLAC+ FAI? 9 MA9/REAM ,N,G,OS TO GET US \T ( \R 5VIRONM5TAL CRISES4  ,ECOLOGICAL AN>*ISM IS AB\T CREAT+ A RECIPROCAL RELATION%IP BETWE5 HUMANS & HUMANS & HUMANS & ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,\R NEW RADICAL 5VIRONM5TALISM MU/ AB&ON SOCIETAL CON/RA9TS TO A*IEVE A NEW UNITY AMONG ALL ( HUMANK9D4 ,WE HAVE ! P[] CREATE ?IS DYNAMIC NON-HI]>*AL SOCIETY1 ! REVOLUTION SO TO SPEAK IS 9 \R M9DS1 \R REVOLUTION WILL NOT BE F\<T BY GUNS & BOMBS1 BUT BY REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS & COLLECTIVE ACTIONS4 ,TO CONCLUDE ,I W\LD LIKE TO DRAW AGA9 FROM ,BOOK*9'S ,PO/-,SC>CITY ,AN>*ISM 

0,! CA/ ( M9D ?AT TODAY ORGANIZES DIFF]5CES AMONG HUMANS & O!R LIFE =MS AMONG HI]>*AL L9ES1 DEF9+ ! EXT]NAL 9 T]MS ( ITS 'SUP]IORITY' OR '9F]IORITY1' WILL GIVE WAY TO AN \TLOOK ?AT DEALS ) DIV]SITY 9 AN ECOLOGICAL MANN]4 ,DIFF]5CES AMONG PEOPLE WILL BE RESPECT$1 9DE$ FO/]$1 AS ELEM5TS ?AT 5RI* ! UNITY ( EXP]I5CE & PH5OM5A4  ,! TRADITIONAL RELATION%IP :I* PITS SUBJECT AGA9/ OBJECT WILL BE ALT]$ QUANTITATIVELY2 ! 'EXT]NAL1' ! 'DIFF]5T1' ! 'O!R' WILL BE CONCEIV$ ( AS 9DIVIDUAL P>TS ( A :OLE ALL ! RI*] BECAUSE ( ITS COMPLEXITY4  ,?IS S5SE ( UNITY WILL REFLECT ! H>MONIZATION ( 9T]E/S BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS & BETWE5 SOCIETY & NATURE 7#a#d74 

,CONCLUSIVELY1 AS ,G,J,E,P W\LD SUGGE/1 ! DISC\RSE ( CONTEMPOR>Y 5VIRONM5TALISM NE$S TO BE RE-ORGANIZ$ TO C\NT] CAPITALI/ HEGEMONY & REA* \T TO A MORE ORGANIC & COMMUNITY C5T]$ WAY ( LIFE4  ,WE >E ONLY HELP+ TO DIG ! GRAVE ( 5VIRONM5TAL SU/A9ABILITY & AB&ON HOPE = SOCIAL JU/ICE IF WE *OOSE TO ACCEPT ! CONF9ES ( 5VIRONM5TALISM ?R\< CAPITALI/ HI]>*Y4 

,REF]5CES 

,BOOK*91 ,MURRAY4 #a#i#i4 ,! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY3 ,ESSAYS ON ,DIALECTICAL ,NATURALISM4  ,MONTREAL3 ,BLACK ,ROSE ,BOOKS4 

,BOOK*91 ,MURRAY4 #a#i#g#a4 ,PO/-,SC>CITY ,AN>*ISM4  ,OAKL&3 ,A,K ,PRESS4 

,BUTTEL1 ,F]D & ,PET] ,TAYLOR4 #a#i#i#b4 ,H[ ,DO ,WE ,KN[ ,WE ,HAVE ,GLOBAL ,5VIRONM5TAL ,PROBLEMS8  ,SCI5CE & ! ,GLOBALIZATION ( ,5VIRONM5TAL ,DISC\RSE4 ,9,! ,5VIRONM5T 9 ,AN?ROPOLOGY4  ,NORA ,HA5N & ,RI*>D ,WILK1 $S4  ,PP4 #d#g-#d#a#f4  ,NEW ,YORK3  ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS4 

,*AP91 ,MAC4 #b#d4 ,A ,*ALL5GE TO ,CONS]VATIONI/S4  ,WORLD ,WAT* ,NOV_/,DEC3 #a#g-#c#a 

,*51 ,GUIOI @& ,WU ,*UNTAO4 #b#f4 ,WILL ! ,BOAT ,S9K ! ,WAT]83 ,! ,LIFE ( ,*9A'S ,PEASANTS4   ,NEW ,YORK3 ,PUBLIC ,AFFAIRS4 

,GLOBAL ,JU/ICE ,ECOLOGY ,PROJECT4 #b#c4 ,G,J,E,P ,ACCOMPLI%M5TS3 ,\R ,FIR/ ,YE> 9 ,BRIEF4  ,ELECTRONIC DOCUM5T1 WWW4GLOBALJU/ICEECOLOGY4ORG1 ACCESS$ ,APRIL #b#h1 #b#h4 

,GRAEB]1  ,DAVID4 #b#d4 ,FRAGM5TS ( ,AN>*I/ ,AN?ROPOLOGY4  ,*ICAGO3  ,FRAGM5TS ( ,AN>*I/ ,AN?ROPOLOGY4 

,GUHA1 ,RAMA*&RA4 #b4 ,5VIRONM5TALISM3 ,A ,GLOBAL ,HI/ORY4  ,NEW ,YORK3  ,LONGMAN 

,LUKE1 ,TIMO?Y4 #a#i#i#e4 ,ON ,5VIRONM5TALITY3 ,GEO ,P[] & ,ECO-,KN[L$GE 9 ! ,DISC\RSES ( ,CONTEMPOR>Y ,5VIRONM5TALISM4 ,9 ,! ,5VIRONM5T 9 ,AN?ROPOLOGY4  ,NORA ,HA5N & ,RI*>D ,WILK1 $S4  ,PP4 #b#e#g-#b#f#i4  ,NEW ,YORK3  ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS4 

,MC,LAU<L91 ,&REW4 #a#i#i#e4 ,= ,A ,RADICAL ,ECOC5TRISM4 ,9 ,! ,DEEP ,ECOLOGY ,MOVEM5T4  ,ALAN ,DR5GSON & ,YUI*I ,9\E1 $S4 ,PP4 #b#e#i- #b#g#a4  ,B]KELEY3 ,NOR? ,ATLANTIC ,BOOKS4 

,NAESS1 ,>NE4 #a#i#i#e4 ,! ,%ALL[ & ,! ,DEEP1 ,LONG- ,RANGE ,ECOLOGY ,MOVEM5T4 ,9 ,! ,DEEP ,ECOLOGY ,MOVEM5T4  ,ALAN ,DR5GSON & ,YUI*I ,9\E1 $S4 ,PP4 #a-#a#b4  ,B]KELEY3 ,NOR? ,ATLANTIC ,BOOKS4 

,ROBB9S1 ,RI*>D4 #b#e4 ,GLOBAL ,PROBLEMS & ,! ,CULTURE ( ,CAPITALISM4  ,BO/ON3  ,ALLYN & ,BACON4 

,TOK>1 ,BRIAN4 #a#i#i#g4 ,E>? = ,SALE3  ,RECLAIM+ ,ECOLOGY 9 ! ,AGE ( ,CORPORATE ,GRE5WA%4  ,BO/ON3 ,S\? ,5D ,PRESS4 

,VAN,WYNSB]<E1 ,ROB]T4 #b#b4 ,ALT],NATIVES3 ,COMMUNITY1 ,ID5TITY1 & ,5VIRONM5TAL ,JU/ICE ON ,WALPOLE ,ISL&4  ,BO/ON3 ,ALLYN @& ,BACON4 

,WILK1 ,RI*>D4 #b#f4 ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,GLOBAL ,CONSUM] ,CULTURE4 ,9 ,! ,5VIRONM5T 9 ,AN?ROPOLOGY4  ,NORA ,HA5N & ,RI*>D ,WILK1 $S4  ,PP4 #d#a#h-#d#b#f4  ,NEW ,YORK3  ,NEW ,YORK ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS4 

,WILLIAMS1 ,DEE4 #b#d4 0,REPRES5TATIONS ( ,NATURE ON ! ,MONGOLIAN ,/EPPE3 ,AN ,9VE/IGATION ( ,SCI5TIFIC ,KN[L$GE ,CON/RUCTION40 ,AM]ICAN ,AN?ROPOLOGI/ #a#b7#c73 #e#c-#a#i4 

,WITMAN1 ,ELIAS4 #b#h4 ,9T]VIEW ) ,ANNE ,PET]MANN AT ,GLOBAL ,JU/ICE ,ECOLOGY ,PROJECT ,(FICE 9 ,H9ESBURG ,V,T4  ,CONDUCT$ ,M>* #b1       #b#h4 

,WORLD,WAT* ,9/ITUTE4 #b#f4 ,/ATE ( ! ,WORLD #b#f3 ,*9A & ,9DIA ,HOLD ,WORLD 9 ,BALANCE4  ,ELECTRONIC DOCUM5T1 WWW4WORLDWAT*4ORG1 ACCESS$ ,APRIL #b#h1 #b#h4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#i1 #bba 3 ,5VIRONM5TAL ,AN>*ISM 9 ,V]MONT3 ,ANNE ,PET]MANN ( ,GLOBAL ,JU/ICE ,ECOLOGY ,PROJECT -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,5VIRONM5TAL ,AN>*ISM 9 ,V]MONT3 ,ANNE ,PET]MANN ( ,GLOBAL ,JU/ICE ,ECOLOGY ,PROJECT -- ,UPDAT$4 

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HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/