,]RICO ,MALATE/A ,! ,BIOGRAPHY ( AN ,AN>*I/ #aibd ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,MAX ,NETTLAU ,TAGS 3 KROPOTK9'S APPEAL TO ! Y\NG1 SKET* ( MALATE/A'S LIFE1 ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 APPEAL TO ! Y\NG1 5EMIES ( ! PEOPLE1 PRODUCT ( HIS LABOR1 SOCIALI/ & LABOR ORGANIZATIONS1 SOLID>ITY ) REVOLUTION>Y RUSSIA1 RANK & FILE1 COMMUNE ( P>IS4 ,TEXT 3 ,PHOTO BY ,NAN ,PALM]O1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE ,]RICO ,MALATE/A ,! ,BIOGRAPHY ( AN ,AN>*I/ ,A ,COND5S$ ,SKET* ( ,MALATE/A FROM ! BOOK WRITT5 BY BY ,MAX ,NETTLAU ,PUBLI%$ BY ! ,JEWI% ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY4 #aibd ,9TRODUCTION ,! %ORT SKET* ( ,MALATE/A'S LIFE IS BAS$ ON ! EXHAU/IVE /UDY ( ,MAX ,NETTLAU1 PUBLI%$ 9 ,ITALIAN TRANSLATION BY 0,IL ,M>TELLO0 9 ,NEW ,YORK UND] ! TITLE ,VITA E ,P5SI]I DI ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 & 9 ,G]MAN TRANSLATION ISSU$ AT ,B]L9 BY ! PUBLI%]S ( ! 0,SYNDICALI/40 ,MAX ,NETTLAU1 ! PR(\ND S*OL> ( ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 BIOGRAPH] ( ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN9 & AU?OR ( ,BIBLIOGRAPHIE DE L',AN>*IE1 LIVES 9 ,VI5NA1 & LIKE SO MANY 9TELLECTUALS 9 ,EUROPE1 9 DI/RESS+ ECONOMIC CONDITION4 ,MAY ,I EXPRESS H]E ! HOPE ?AT HE WILL F9D SUFFICI5T 5C\RAGEM5T TO CONT9UE HIS VALUABLE TASK 9 ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T8 ,HE WAS 9 CONTACT ) ! MO/ REM>KABLE M5 & WOM5 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( \R TIME & HIS [N REM9ISC5CES %\LD PROVE ( GREAT VALUE TO ! Y\NG] G5]ATION4 ,! ,AM]ICAN PUBLI%]S REFUSE TO PR9T ! ,BIOGRAPHY ON ! PRETEXT ?AT IT W\LD NOT PAY4 ,NO D\BT1 %\LD AN UPHEAVAL OCCUR 9 ,ITALY & ,MALATE/A'S NAME APPE> 9 ! =EGR\ND1 ! SAME PUBLI%]S W\LD BE ONLY TO EAG] TO GET HOLD ( ! MANUSCRIPT4 ,MEAN:ILE \R COMRADES ( ! ,JEWI% ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION (F] ! %ORT SKET* AS A HOMAGE TO ,MALATE/A ON HIS SEV5TIE? BIR?DAY4 ,9 A V]Y SYMPA!TIC REVIEW ( ! ,VITA E ,P5SI]I 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK 0,NATION01 ,EUG5E ,LYONS /ATES ?AT ,MALATE/A'S LIFE SYMBOLIZ$ ! ROMANTIC AGE ( REBELLION4 ,TRUE1 BUT IT IS NOT ! ROMANCE ( SELF-CONSCI\S KNIACT] UNSW]V+ 9 ITS DEVOTION TO A PHILOSOPHY ( ACTION4 ,EV5 AT ! PEAKS ( HIS ADV5TURES ,MALATE/A HAS REMA9$ K9DLY1 RETIR+1 MODE/ 9 HIS HABITS4 ,AGA9/ ! BACKGR\ND ( A ,EUROPE MISRUL$ BY R5EGADE ,MILL]ANS1 ,LLOYD ,GEORGES1 ,MUSSOL9IS1 ,EB]TS1 ,PILSUDSKIS1 & O!R ( ! FRAT]NITY ( EX-IDEALI/S1 ! P]SONALITY ( ,]RICO ,MALATE/A ATTA9S AN IDYLLIC GR&EUR4 ,AT ! AGE ( SEV5TY HE CAN LOOK BACK UPON FIFTY YE>S ( 9T5SIVE REVOLUTION>Y WORK1 ?IRTY-SIX ( !M SP5T 9 BUSY EXILE4 ,HIS LIFE HAS A CONSI/5CY1 AN ALMO/ APOCALYPTIC DIRECTNESS :I* MORE ?AN EXPLA9S ! ADULATION ) :I* HE IS REG>D$ AMONG ! COMRADES4 ,IT CO9CIDES1 MOREOV]1 ) A CONC5TRAT$ HALF C5TURY ( SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,ITS ?READS >E WOV5 CLOSELY 9TO LIVES ( ! LEAD]S DUR+ ?IS P]IOD - ,MAZZ9I1 ,BAKUN91 ,CAFI]O1 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS1 ! BRO!RS ,RECLUS1 ,JAMES ,GUILLAUME1 ,/EPNIAK1 ,KROPOTK91 & MANY O!RS4 ,IT IS A LIFE ?AT BRIDGES ! TIME ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE & ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,ITS C\RSE CONSEQU5TLY HAS A TREM5D\S SIGNIFICANCE4 ,:5 ,MALATE/A RETURN$ TO ,ITALY 9 ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#a#i1 AFT] BE+ SMUGGL$ \T ( ,5GL& ON A COAL BOAT BY ! HEAD ( ! ,ITALIAN ,SEAM5'S ,F$]ATION1 ALL ! %IPS 9 ! PORT ( ,G5OA SALUT$ HIS >RIVAL1 ! CITY /OPP$ WORK & TURN$ \T TO GREET HIM4 ,HIS >RE/ SOON AFT] & ! EV5TS 9 ,ITALY :I* HAVE =C$ HIM TEMPOR>ILY 9TO ! BACKGR\ND ( NATIONAL LIFE >E REC5T 5\< TO BE G5]ALLY KN[N4 ,DESPITE HIS AGE1 ,MALATE/A IS /ILL A VIGOR\S SOCIAL REBEL1 & ! MO/ /IRR+ *APT]S ( HIS LIFE MAY /ILL HAVE TO BE WRITT54 ,HIPPOLYTE ,HAVEL ,]RICO ,MALATE/A WAS BORN 9 ,SANTA ,M>IA ,CAPUA ,VET]E 9 #a#h#e#c1 ,DEC4 #d1 ?AT IS 9 ,SANTA ,M>IA1 A LITTLE T[N OCCUPY+ ! SITE ( ,CAPUA ( ANTIQUE FAME1 AT TWO MILES DI/ANCE FROM ! CA/LE ( ,CAS]TA4 ,CAPUA1 9 #a#h#f1 HAD A CIVILIAN POPULATION ( AB\T #a1 & A L>GE G>RISON4 ,BE+ ! ADM9I/RATIVE C5T] ( ! PROV9CE CALL$ ,T]RA DI ,LAVORO1 IT MAY HAVE H>BOR$ A NUM]\S BUREAUCRACY & APP]TA9+ QUANTITIES ( LAWY]S & L&$ PROPRIETORS1 ! [N]S ( ! SURR\ND+ C\NTRY4 ,CAS]TA1 ON ! O!R H&1 ) ! ,B\RBON CA/LE & L>GE DOMA91 WAS ! SC5E ( >I/OCRATIC & C\RT LIFE4 ,BETWE5 !SE ,SANTA ,M>IA1 N[ ( AB\T #c1 9HABITANTS1 MAY !N HAVE BE5 AN OP5 RURAL T[N ( SMALL PROPRIETORS & M]*ANTS1 & PROBABLY A L&LESS AGRICULTURAL PROLET>IAT1 TO :I* ! NEITS ( CONTEMPOR>Y HI/ORY PASS+ AT CLOSE PROXIMITY TO HIM1 MADE HIM WITNESS V]Y /IRR+ EV5TS AT AN E>LY AGE4 ,I IGNORE :E!R ! ,B\RBON MISRULE WAS ALWAYS HELD VIVIDLY BE=E HIS M9D BY FAMILY & LOCAL EXP]I5CE & TRADITIONS OR :E!R EV5 !N *ILDR5 ( MIDDLE CLASS FAMILIES ) PR$OM9ANT MAT]IAL 9T]E/S --- HIS FA!R MAY HAVE BE5 5GAG$ 9 COMM]CE --- GREW UP )\T SEE+ ?IS SIDE ( HIS LIFE1 JU/ AS ! SOCIAL QUE/ION IS KEPT FROM !IR EYES4 ,BUT HE WAS A BOY ( SIX OR SEV5 :51 9 #a#h#f1 ! OLD SY/EM COMPLETELY COLLAPS$2 !N1 = A MOM5T1 ,EUROPE'S ATT5TION WAS RIVET$ TO HIS V]Y [N BIR?PLACE1 = ! G>RISON ( (FICIAL ,CAPUA M>*$ AGA9/ HIS [N ,SANTA ,M>IA1 HELD BY NONE O!R ?AN ,G>IBALDI 9 P]SON :O F\Y 9ITIATIVE BE=E HE LEFT ,SANTA ,M>IA - AFT] FREQU5T+ ! LYCEUM !RE - = ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,NAPLES1 AS AN 9TELLIG5T Y\? ( LIB]AL IDEAS HE MU/ EASILY HAVE >RIV$ AT RELATIVELY ADVANC$ IDEAS1 FEEL+ ! REVOLUTION>Y PATRIOTISM SO G5]ALLY SPREAD AT ?AT TIME4 ,I SEE HIM RECORD$ AS A ,MAZZ9I/ 7BY ,ANGIOL9I1 #a#i71 AS 9CL9+ T[>DS ,G>IBALDI BY ,FABBRI1 #a#i#b#a7 BUT ,I %\LD CONSID] HIM AT LEA/ A V]Y UNOR?ODOX P>TISAN ( EI!R4 ,MAZZ9I REPRES5T$ APP>5TLY MORE UNSW]V+ REPUBLICANISM & A HI<] SOCIAL IDEA ?AN ,G>IBALDI1 & 9 ?AT S5SE ,MALATE/A MAY HAVE BE5 ATTRACT$ BY HIM AS BE+ ! MO/ ADVANC$ REVOLUTIONI/ HE !N KNEW (4 ,BUT !RE IS NO TRACE 9 ALL WE KN[ ( ,MALATE/A TO %[ ?AT ! SPECIAL IDEAS ( RELIGI\S MY/ICISM & ?AT PECULI> PSEUDO-SOCIALISM :I* IS 9 REALITY AS ANTI-SOCIALI/ AS ANY?+ C\LD BE1 :I* BO? >E UNSEP>ABLE FROM ,MAZZ9I1 ?\< !Y DO NOT AFFECT HIS PRACTICAL POLITICAL ?\*ISM SO NEATLY & QUICKLY AS IF !Y HAD BE5 FAMILI> TO HIM ALL ALONG4 ,:AT HE SAW DUR+ !SE YE>S ( ! SOCIAL MIS]Y >\ND HIM1 :E!R ?IS OR ! G5]AL POLITICAL DISCONT5T1 OR FRI5DS1 SOCIETIES1 A LOCAL PROPAG&A OR :AT ELSE FIR/ PROPELL$ HIM 9TO ADVANC$ MOVEM5TS1 HE MAY YET TELL HIMSELF ) MANY O!R DETAILS ( HIS E>LY LIFE ( :I* WE CAN ONLY GIVE SU* A FRAGM5T>Y & HYPO!TICAL ACC\NT4 ,BUT !RE CAN BE A LITTLE D\BT ?AT AN >TICLE 9 ! 0,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE0 7,FLOR5CE71 AB\T ,JANU>Y1 #a#h#h#d1 TRANSLAT$ 9 ! ,G5EVA 0,REVOLTE0 7,FEB #c1 #a#h#h#d71 MO/ =TUNATELY PRES]VES A DESCRIPTION ( ,MALATE/A'S Y\?FUL M5TAL EVOLUTION FROM AB/RACT REPUBLICANISM TO LIV+ SOCIALISM4 ,! >TICLE 9T5DS TO PO9T \T A SIMIL> WAY TO ! Y\NG REPUBLICANS ( ! EI$ TO ,KROPOTK9'S 0,APPEAL TO ! ,Y\NG40 ,H]E ONLY ! BIOGRAPHICAL P>TS CAN BE QUOT$ AS SOME L5G?3 0,MORE ?AN FIFTE5 YE>S AGO . ,I WAS A Y\NG MAN1 /UDY+ RHETORICS1 ,ROMAN HI/ORY1 ,LAT9 & ,MR4 ,GIOB]TI'S PHILOSOPHY4 ,9 SPITE ( ALL ! 9T5TIONS ( MY MA/]S TO ?AT PURPOSE1 S*OOL DID NOT /IFLE )9 ME ! NATURAL ELEM5T1 & ,I CONS]V$ 9 ! /ULTIFY+ & CORRUPT+ SURR\ND+S ( A MOD]N COLLEGE A HEAL?Y 9TELLECT & A VIRG9 HE>T4 0,BE+ ( LOV+ & >D5T NATURE1 ,I DREAM$ ( AN IDEAL WORLD :]E ALL LOVE EA* O!R & >E HAPPY2 :5 ,I WAS TIR$ ( MY DREAMS & GAVE MYSELF OV] TO REALITY1 LOOK+ >\ND ME1 ,I SAW H]E A MIS]ABLE BE+ TREMBL+ ( COLD & HUMBLY BEGG+ = ALMS1 !RE CRY+ *ILDR51 !RE SW]V+ M5 & MY HE>T BECAME GLAC$4 0,I PAID CLOS] ATT5TION & BECAME AW>E ?AT AN 5ORM\S 9JU/ICE1 AN ABSURD SY/EM W]E WEI<+ D[N HUMANITY1 CONDEMN+ IT TO SUFF]3 WORK DEGRAD$ & NE>LY PASS+ AS DI%ONORABLE1 ! WORK] DY+ ( HUNG] TO FE$ ! ORGIES ( HIS IDLE MA/]4 ,& MY HE>T WAS SWELL$ ) 9DIGNATION4 ,I ?\TACUS1 & FELT )9 MYSELF ! S\L ( A TRIBUNE & ( A REBEL4 0,NOT S9CE ,I HE>D IT SAID >\ND ME ?AT ! REPUBLIC WAS ! NEGATION ( !SE ?+S :I* TORTUR$ ME1 ?AT ALL W]E EQUAL 9 A REPUBLIC1 S9CE EV]Y:]E & AT ALL TIMES ,I SAW ! WORD REPUBLIC MIX$ ) ALL ! REVOLTS ( ! POOR & ! SLAVES1 S9CE 9 S*OOL WE W]E KEPT 9 IGNORANCE ( ! MOD]N WORLD 9 ORD] TO BE MADE /UPID BY MEANS ( A MUTILAT$ & ADULT]AT$ HI/ORY ( ANCI5T ,ROME & W]E UNABLE TO F9D SOME TYPE ( SOCIAL LIFE \TSIDE ( ,ROMAN =MULAS --- FROM !SE REASONS ,I CALL$ MYSELF A REPUBLICAN1 & ?IS NAME SEEM$ TO ME TO RESUME ALL ! DESIRES1 ALL ! WRA? :I* HAUNT$ MY HE>T4 ,I DID P]HAPS NOT V]Y WELL KN[ :AT ?IS DREAM$ REPUBLIC \T ( SOME MOD]N ,CES>1 AT O!R TIMES ,I SAW MYSELF AT ! HEAD ( A GR\P ( REBELS OR ON A B>RICADE CRU%+ ! SATELLITES ( TYRANNY1 OR ,I ?UND]$ FROM A PLAT=M AGA9/ ! 5EMIES ( ! PEOPLE4 ,I MEASUR$ MY SIZE & EXAM9$ MY UPP] LIPS TO SEE :E!R MY MU/A*E HAD GR[N2 OH6 H[ ,I WAS IMPATI5T TO GR[ UP1 TO LEAVE COLLEGE TO DEVOTE MYSELF 5TIRELY TO ! CAUSE ( ! REPUBLIC6 0,AT LA/ ! DAY ,I HAD WI%$ = >RIV$ & ,I 5T]$ ! WORLD1 FULL ( G5]\S 9T5TIONS1 HOPES & ILLUSIONS4 ,I HAD SO MU* DREAM$ ( ! REPUBLIC ?AT ,I C\LD NOT MISS TO ?R[ MYSELF 9TO ALL ATTEMPTS :]E ,I SAW W]E IT ONLY AN 9SPIRATION1 A VAGUE DESIRE = A REPUBLIC1 & IT WAS AS A REPUBLICAN ?AT ,I FIR/ SAW ! 9SIDE ( ! ROYAL PRISONS444 0,LAT] ON REFLECTION SURVIV$4 ,I /UDI$ HI/ORY1 :I* ,I HAD LE>N$ FROM /UPID MANUALS1 FULL ( LIES1 & ,I !N SAW ?AT ! REPUBLIC HAD ALWAYS BE5 A GOV]NM5T LIKE ANY O!R OR A WORSE ONE1 & ?AT 9JU/ICE & MIS]Y RUL$ 9 REPUBLICS & 9 MON>*IES & ?AT ! PEOPLE >E %UT D[N BY CANNON1 :5 IT TRIES TO %AKE ( ITS YOKE40 ,HE LOOK$ AT ,AM]ICA :]E SLAV]Y WAS COMPATIBLE ) A REPUBLIC1 AT ,SWITZ]L& :]E ,CA?OLIC OR ,PROTE/ANT PRIE/ RULE HAD BE5 RAMPANT1 AT ,FRANCE :]E ! REPUBLIC WAS 9AUGURAT$ BY ! MASSACRE ( #e1 ,P>ISIANS ( ! ,COMMUNE1 ETC4 ,?IS WAS NOT ! REPUBLIC HE HAD DREAM$1 & IF OLD] PEOPLE TOLD HIM ?AT 9 ,ITALY ! REPUBLIC W\LD PRODUCE JU/ICE1 EQUALITY1 FRE$OM & PROSP]ITY1 HE KNEW ?AT ALL ?IS HAD BE5 SAID BE=EH& 9 ,FRANCE ALSO & IS ALWAYS SAID & PROMIS$4 ,HE CONCLUD$ ?AT ! *>ACT] ( A SOCIETY CANNOT DEP5D ON NAMES & ACCESSORIES1 BUT ( ! REAL RELATIONS ( ITS MEMB]S AMONG !MSELVES & ) ! :OLE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4 ,9 ALL ?IS !RE WAS NO ESS5TIAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 A REPUBLIC & A MON>*Y4 ,?IS IS %[N BY ! ID5TITY ( !IR ECONOMIC /RUCTURE1 PRIVATE PROP]TY BE+ ! BASIS ( ! ECONOMIC SY/EM ( EI!R4 ,HI/ORY %[$ ?AT POPUL> RIT+ PO9T = A *ANGE4 ,SO HE FELT HORROR FROM ! REPUBLIC1 :I* IS ONLY ONE ( ! =MS ( GOV]NM5T :I* ALL MA9TA9 & DEF5D EXI/+ PRIVILEGE1 & HE BECAME A ,SOCIALI/4 ,!SE CLE> /ATEM5TS CAN BE SUPPLEM5T$ BY ! FOLL[+ IMPRESSIONS WRITT5 AFT] ,G>IBALDI'S DEA? 7,G>IBALDI1 SIGN$ ,E4,M41 9 ! 0,REVOLTE0 ( ,JUNE #a1 #a#h#h#b73 444 0,I HAVE COMBAT$ = A LONG TIME ,G>IBALDI & ,G>IBALD9ISM & ALWAYS REMA9$ !IR DECID$ ADV]S>Y4 ,S9CE ,I 5T]$ ! ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T ,I MET ON ! ROAD ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,ITALY ?IS MAN1 ,I WILL RA!R SAY ?IS NAME1 RELY+ UPON ALL HIS =MIDABLE GLORY1 HIS IMM5SE POPUL>ITY & UNCONTE/$ GREATNESS ( *>ACT]4 ,S9CE HE WAS MORE DANG]\S ?AN O!R GREAT ADV]S>IES BY HIS UNCONSCI5TI\SLY EQUIVOCAL ATTITUDE1 HIS ADH]5CES QUICKLY )DRAWN OR ADULT]AT$ - ,I WAS SOON P]SUAD$ ?AT AS LONG AS ,G>IBALDI WAS NOT ELIM9AT$1 ,SOCIALISM 9 ,ITALY W\LD REMA9 AN EMPTY HUMANIT>IAN PHRASEOLOGY1 AN ADULT]ATION ( TRUE ,SOCIALISM - & ,I F\GA94 ,WELL1 :5 ,I HE>D ( HIS DEA?1 ,I FELT MY HE>T CONTRACT2 ,I FELT ONCE MORE ! SAME PANGS ( PA9 :I* BEFELL ME1 QUITE Y\NG !N1 :5 ! DEA? ( ?AT O!R GREAT ,ITALIAN FIGURE1 ,GUISSEPPE ,MAZZ9I1 WAS ANN\NC$1 ?\< ,I WAS 5GAG$ 9 POLEMICS AGA9/ HIS PROGRAM40 ,FROM ! RE/ ( ?IS >TICLE ,I EXTRACT ONLY ?IS3 444 0#b#b YE>S AFT] ! ,M>SALA EXP$ITION A POPE & A K+ >E /ILL 9 ,ROME6 ,I BELIEVE ?AT ,G>IBALDI C\LD HAVE CRU%$ PAPACY 9 #ahf & MADE ! ,ITALIAN REPUBLIC2 & IF ?IS HAD L$ TO CIVIL & =EIGN 9VASION1 SO MU* ! BETT]6 ,! MOVEM5T ( #ahf C\LD HAVE BECOME A REAL REVOLUTION & ,ITALY W\LD HAVE R5EW$ ! MIRACLES ( ,FRANCE 9 '#i#b4 ,I BELIEVE ?AT S9CE ?AT TIME ,G>IBALDI C\LD HAVE SEV]AL TIMES LIB]AT$ ,ITALY FROM MON>*Y1 & ?AT NOT ONLY HE HAS NOT DONE ?IS1 BUT HE S]V$ = A LONG TIME AS ! SAFETY VALVE ( ! MON>*Y40 7,! REASON IS BECAUSE1 H[EV] AUDACI\S 9 W>1 HE WAS TIMID 9 POLITICS1 ETC47 ,FROM !SE OCCASIONAL /ATEM5TS WE MAY P]HAPS 9F] ?AT Y\NG ,MALATE/A NEV] FELL UND] ! FULL 9FLU5CE ( ONE ( ! ADVANC$ P>TIES AS SU*1 ?AT HE RA!R CONCEIV$ A REPUBLICANISM ( HIS [N1 COMPREH5D+ FROM ! BEG9N+ ALSO ! DESIRE = SOCIAL JU/ICE1 & ?AT :5 HE FIR/ COMP>$ ?IS ,SOCIALI/ REPUBLICANISM ) ! EXI/+ REPUBLICAN P>TIES1 ! RESULT WAS UNSATISFACTORY1 & ONLY ! H]OIC REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALISM ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE APPEAL$ TO HIM3 HE F\ND !RE :AT HE HAD SE5 BE=E 9 HIS DREAMS4 ,9 %ORT1 HE WAS ONE ( ?OSE 9 :OM LOVE = FRE$OM & ALTRUISM W]E GREATLY & EQUALLY DEVELOP$ & :O !REBY >E 5ABL$ SOON] ?AN O!RS TO >RIVE AT ,AN>*I/ & ,SOCIALI/ CONCEPTIONS1 S9CE !SE IDEAS 9 DIM \TL9ES ALREADY G]M 9 !IR CONSCI5CE4 ,9 ,ANGIOL9I'S ,HI/ORY ( ,SOCIALISM 9 ,ITALY 7#a#i71 AN 9DIFF]5T COMPILATION FROM RELIABLE OR QUE/IONABLE S\RCES1 WE READ ?AT ,MALATE/A1 9 #a#h#g1 A /UD5T ( M$IC9E & A ,MAZZ9IAN LIKE ALL Y\NG PEOPLE !N1 WAS >RE/$ 9 A TUMULT AT ,NAPLES1 UND]W5T HIS FIR/ CONDEMNATION & WAS SUSP5D$ FROM ! UNIV]SITY = ONE YE>1 & ! ACCID5TS ( HIS LIFE FROM ?IS TIME H9D]$ HIM TO RESUME HIS /UDIES4 ,9 ?OSE YE>S1 ,I AM TOLD1 MEET+S ( /UD5TS :O HAD SOME REASON = DISCONT5T1 W\LD (T5 LEAD TO ! =MATION ( /REET PROCESSIONS1 DEMON/RAT+ BE=E GOV]NM5T OR UNIV]SITY BUILD+S1 ETC41 & /UD5TS :OM ! POLICE W\LD >RE/ REPEAT$LY W]E F9ALLY SUSP5D$ FROM !IR /UDIES = C]TA9 P]IODS ( TIME4 ,?IS MAY HAVE BE5 ,MALATE/A'S CASE1 & :5 WE %ALL SEE 9 :AT EV5TS HE TOOK P>T DUR+ ! SIX YE>S FOLL[+ HIS 5TRANCE 9TO ! MOVEM5T 7SPR+ #ahga TO SPR+ #a#h#g#g71 !RE WILL BE NO WOND] ?AT A QUIET 9T]VAL TO RESUME !SE /UDIES NEV] OCCURR$1 & LESS SO 9 ! YE>S FOLL[+ ( PRISON & EXILE4 ,I HAVE NEV] 9QUIR$ H[ HIS FAMILY FAC$ ?IS SITUATION2 ,I CAN ONLY SAY ?AT HIS PRIVATE AFFAIRS NEV] OCCUPI$ ! PUBLIC4 ,I BELIEVE ?AT MAT]IAL MATT]S W]E QUITE 9DIFF]5T TO HIM1 NOT 9 ! S5SE ( ?IS BE+ DI/RACT$1 SPIRITUALIZ$ OR :AT NOT - HE IS ! MO/ S5SIBLE1 PRACTICAL MAN - BUT BECAUSE REAL WEAL?1 A C>E]1 LEISURE EV51 HAD NO ATTRACTIONS = HIM1 & HE WAS ALWAYS SUFFICI5TLY H&Y & SKILL$1 TO WORK :5 NECESS>Y TO GET ! CO/ ( HIS FRUGAL LIV+4 ,9 #ahgg ! ACT ( ACCUSATION1 IF CORRECT1 DESCRIBES HIM AS A *EMI/2 HE IS ALSO A ME*ANIC1 AN ELECTRICIAN & HAS PUT HIS H& TO O!R K9DS ( WORK4 ,?REE ?+S HE NEV] W\LD EX]T3 PAID POLITICS1 PAID J\RNALISM1 & PAID LABOR (FICIALISM2 BUT HE HAD UNLOAD$ %IPS1 LOOK$ \T = ! MO/ UNSKILL$ WORK 9 ! BUILD+ TRADE1 & SO ON4 ,?US ! LOSS ( A =MAL UNIV]SITY C>E] WAS NO?+ TO HIM1 HIS 9TELLECTUAL PROGRESS W5T ON )\T ?AT4 ,H5CE=? HE GAVE ALL HIS 5]GY TO ! CAUSE1 NEV] RETA9$ BY ANY TIES1 & HIS UNPRET5TI\S PRIVATE LIFE NE$ NOT OCCUPY US FUR!R4 ,DUR+ ! TIME ( ! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS1 ,M>* TO ,MAY1 #a#h#g#a1 ,MALATE/A1 ! Y\NG REPUBLICAN /UD5T1 9 A CAFE AT ,NAPLES MADE ! ACQUA9TANCE ( ,C>MELO ,PALLAD9O1 ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL SECTION1 A Y\NG LAWY] :O1 SEE+ HIS 9CL9ATION T[>DS ,SOCIALISM1 TOOK HIM ASIDE & FUR!R 9ITIAT$ HIM 9TO ! IDEAS4 ,MALATE/A !N JO9$ ! WORK]S' GR\P :I* CONT9U$ ! =M] SECTION1 O!R /UD5TS ( HIS FRI5DS ALSO JO9$2 ! SECTION TOOK TO LIFE AGA91 A S*OOL WAS =M$1 PUBLIC AGITATION WAS RESUM$4 ,( ,PALLAD9O LITTLE IS KN[N1 EXCEPT ?AT HE SETTL$ SOMETIME LAT] 9 HIS NATIVE PLACE ( ,CAGNANO ,V>ANO1 9 ! SECLUD$ ,MONTE ,G>GANO REGION1 :]E HE DI$ MANY YE>S LAT] 9 A TRAGIC MANN]4 ,HE VISIT$ ,BAKUN9 ) ,AFI]O AT ! 5D ( #ahgb & IS ALSO M5TION$ BY HIM AS BE+ 9 ,LOC>NO 9 #a#h#g#d1 AFT] ! FAILURE ( ! ,ITALIAN 9SURRECTION ( ?AT YE>4 ,MALATE/A SPEAKS ( HIM ) SYMPA?Y & E/EEM2 BETWE5 !MSELVES !Y EVID5TLY SECUR$ ,NAPLES 7! SECTION7 = ! ADVANC$ CAUSE1 & EV5 WON ! SUPPORT ( ,C>LO ,CAFI]O1 AN ACQUISITION ( ! GREATE/ VALUE TO !IR RANKS4 ,= SOME TIME LAT] 7,MALATE/A TELLS7 ,CAFI]O RETURN$ TO ,NAPLES FROM ,LONDON AS A ,LONDON MEMB] ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ) C]TA9 P[]S GIV5 BY HIM BY ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL2 9 FACT1 HE WAS TO F\ND A SECTION AT ,NAPLES & WAS A/ONI%$ TO F9D ?AT ! SECTION AT ,NAPLES & WAS A/ONI%$ TO F9D ?AT ! SECTION EXI/$ ALREADY4 ,FROM !SE REASONS HIS RECEPTION WAS RA!R COOL1 BUT 9 ONE OR TWO MON?S' TIME HE SAW = HIMSELF ?AT ! SECTION WAS RILO ,CAFI]O1 BORN 9 ,B>LETTA 7,APULIA71 #a#h#d#f1 ( A RI* & REACTION>Y LOCAL FAMILY1 AFT] A CL]ICAL $UCATION & A BEG9N+ TRA9+ = ! DIPLOMATIC S]VICE1 ?REW UP ?IS C>E]1 YET RETA9$ SOME MY/ICAL LEAN+S :I* COV]$ A DEEP YE>N+ = ALTRUI/1 EV5 ASCETIC PRACTICE4 ,UND] !SE CIRCUM/ANCES HIS CASUAL PRES5CE AT A L>GE LABOR MEET+ 9 ,LONDON CALL$ HIS ATT5TION TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 & ,M>X1 & SPECIALLY ,5GELS1 :O !N TOOK 9TO HIS HEAD TO CONV]T ,ITALY & ,SPA9 TO ,M>XISM BY MEANS ( ,BIGNAMI1 ,CAFI]O1 ,LAF>GUE1 LAT] ON ,MESA & A FEW O!RS1 DID ALL !Y C\LD TO MAKE HIM ! MAN :O W\LD /AMP \T ,BAKUN9'S 9FLU5CE 9 ,ITALY4 ,CAFI]O1 B\NDLESSLY DEVOT$ TO ANY CAUSE :I* HE ONCE EMBRAC$1 HAD A SOME:AT CAPRICI\S M5TALITY & WAS DIFFICULT TO H&LE2 ,FANELLI1 ,GAMBUZZI & ,TUCCI AGRE$ ) HIM1 BUT MO/ IS SAID TO HAVE BE5 A*IEV$ BY ,MALATE/A1 Y\NG AS HE WAS1 P]HAPS BECAUSE ,CAFI]O F\ND 9 HIM MORE ?AN 9 ANY O!R A MAN :O W\LD REALLY RESORT TO ACTION1 AS ! EV5TS ( #ahgd & #ahgg PROV$4 ,! F9AL T\* WAS GIV5 BY ,BAKUN9 9 #a#h#g#b4 ,IT RESULTS !N ?AT ,MALATE/A 5T]$ ! MOVEM5T BY A WAY ( HIS [N1 IMPRESSION$ BY ! ,P>ISIAN REVOLUTION & MEET+ AN 9TELLIG5T PROPAG&I/1 ,PALLAD9O1 GR[N UP 9 ! ,NAPLES ,SOCIALI/ MILIEU FIR/ IMPLANT$ BY ,BAKUN9'S EF=TS4 ,MO/ O!R ,ITALIAN ,9T]NATIONALI/S ( ?AT TIME 5T]$ ! MOVEM5T ALSO 9 #a#h#g#a1 BUT A LITTLE LAT]1 MOV$ BY ! HORRIBLE REPRESSION :I* FOLL[$ ! FALL ( ! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS & FULL ( 9DIGNATION OV] ,MAZZ9I'S ATTITUDE :O NOT ONLY CONDEMN$ ! ,COMMUNE1 BUT CONSID]$ ?IS ! RIIBALDI MA9TA9$ A CORRECT ATTITUDE & WROTE G5]\S WORDS1 DECL>+ ! ,9T]NATIONAL TO BE ! SUN ( ! FUTURE1 ETC4 ,BUT HIS 9SUFFICI5CY 9 POLITICAL & SOCIAL MATT]S WAS MORE & MORE FELT & MANY ( HIS ADH]5TS LEFT HIM 9 A FRI5DLY WAY1 TURN+ !IR EF=TS H5CE=? T[>DS ! RIS+ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,! SITUATION )9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL & )9 ALL !SE LOCAL MOVEM5TS WAS RA!R COMPLICAT$ & CAN BUT BRIEFLY BE RESUM$ H]E4 ,! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL1 DIRECT$ BY ,M>X & ,5GELS1 HAD ALREADY BEGUN TO 9TRODUCE AN >BITR>Y REGIME BY REPLAC+ ! PUBLIC CONGRESS BY A PRIVATE CONF]5CE 7#a#h#g#a7 & BY TRY+ TO IMPOSE 9 ?IS WAY C]TA9 IDEAS PECULI> TO ! ,SOCIALISM ( ,M>X1 NOTABLY ! NECESSITY ( POLITICAL ACTION1 :I* 9 PRACTICE MEANT ELECTIONE]+ & P>LIAM5T>Y TACTICS1 ! R$UCTION ( ,SOCIALISM TO ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 ,AGA9/ ?IS ! ,JURASSIANS PROTE/$ AT ,SONVILLI] & ISSU$ !IR APPEAL1 ! SO-CALL$ ,CIRCUL> ( ,SONVILLI] 7,NOVEMB]1 #a#h#g#a71 ,BAKUN9 WROTE 9 ALL DIRECTIONS TO EXPLA9 ?IS PROTE/ :I* E4G4 ! SECTION ( ,NAPLES SECOND$ BY A LETT] ( ,PALLAD9O TO ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL4 ,IT WAS DIFFICULT TO MAKE !SE 9T]IOR DISS5SIONS UND]/OOD BY ! NEW SECTIONS :O W]E SOMETIMES OLD] SOCIETIES :OM A FEW 5?USIA/S HAD BE5 ABLE TO 9DUCE TO JO9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL & :O HAD N[ PRACTICALLY TO 9AUGURATE !IR WORK BY PROTE/+ AGA9/ ! 9N] DEAL+S ( A SOCIETY1 ! EXT]IOR PRE/IGE ( :I* !Y DID NOT WI% TO IMPAIR & ( :I* !Y W]E AS YET NOT EV5 =MAL MEMB]S4 ,& ALL ( C\RSE FELT ?AT PROPAG&A1 ORGANIZATION1 F$]ATION & ACTION W]E REQUIR$ & NOT SQUABBLES ) P]SONS 9 ,LONDON1 :O HAD NO PRACTICAL EXP]I5CE :ATEV] ( ! ,ITALIAN SITUATION4 ,!RE WAS ! /RONGE/ 9CL9ATION ON ! P>T ( ALL !SE Y\NG REVOLUTIONI/S1 MANY ( :OM HAD SE5 FID1 TO DO )\T ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( ,LONDON1 TO DECL>E !MSELVES ,9T]NATIONALI/S ( !IR [N RIXI/S /ILL D5\NCE AS ! MAN :O UND]M9$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 9 REALITY ALMO/ WROTE HIS F+]S (F 9 !SE MON?S1 WROTE ?AT MONUM5T ( PATI5CE1 ! LETT] ( =TY PAGES 9 #d8 TO ! ,ROMAGNA SECTIONS 7AL ,RUBICONE .<,L4 ,NABRUZZI 9 ,RAV5NA.> E TUTTI GLI ALTRI AMICI71 ,JAN4 #b#c1 #a#h#g#b1 & V]Y MANY O!R LETT]S & MANUSCRIPTS1 TO 9DUCE ! SECTIONS TO COMPLY ) ! =MALITIES REQUIR$ & TO JO9 9 A REGUL> WAY4 ,HE DID SO1 ( C\RSE1 BECAUSE HE /ILL BELIEV$ 9 REGUL> CONGRESS & A FAIR & OP5 DISCUSSION ) ,M>X ON PR9CIPLES & CONSID]$ IT IMPORTANT1 9 ! PRES5CE ( REACTION & P]SECUTION ALL >\ND1 ?AT ALL %ADES ( ,SOCIALI/ OP9ION %\LD LIVE SIDE BY SIDE 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ) MUTUAL TOL]ATION FROM ! 0UNIQUE FRONT10 AS ! PRES5T T]M CALLS IT4 ,SOMETIMES SECTIONS W]E =M$ OR LOCAL REPUBLICAN SOCIETIES DECL>$ !MSELVES 9 FAVOR ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL & A ?IRD WAY WAS F\ND :5 9 ! ,ROMAGNA1 ! ,EMLIA1 ,TUSCANY MIX$ LABOR UNIONS W]E CREAT$1 ALL ADOPT+ ! NAME ( A LOCAL ,FASCIO OP]AIO2 !Y MIIBALDIANS & ,SOCIALI/S AT ! BEG9N+ & W\LD RAPIDLY DEVELOP T[>DS ! ,9T]NATIONAL2 MOREOV] !IR LEAD+ SPIRITS W\LD1 BY CONF]5CES1 9AUGURATE A MOVEM5T ( F$]ATION ( ALWAYS L>G] PROPORTION4 ,NO DETAIL$ REPORT EXI/S ( ! ,RIM9I ,CONF]5CE 7,AUGU/ #a#h#g#b71 ONLY AN OBLONG %EET1 ,ASSOCIAZIONE ,9T]NATO9ALE DEI ,LAVORATORI4 #aA ,CONF]5ZA DELLE ,SEZZIONI ,ITALIANE 7RIM9I1 #aP471 CONTA9+ ! RESOLUTIONS :I* W]E ALSO PR9T$ 9 ! ,BOLLETT9O DEI ,LAVORATORI 7,AUGU/ #c#a71 !N SECRETLY ISSU$ AT ,NAPLES4 ,= ! CONF]5CE 9 A WELL REMEMB]$ RESOLUTION HAD PROTE/$ AGA9/ ATTEMPTS BY ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL TO IMPOSE UPON ! ,9T]NATIONAL A SPECIAL AU?ORIT>IAN !ORY1 NAMELY ?AT ( ! ,G]MAN COMMUNI/ P>TY2 IT DECL>$ TO BREAK ALL SOLID>ITY ) ! ,LONDON ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL1 :ILE AFFIRM+ ITS ECONOMIC SOLID>ITY ) ALL WORK]S1 & IT CONV5$ A G5]AL ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN CONGRESS TO MEET 9 ,SWITZ]L& ON ! V]Y DAY ( ! PROPOS$ ,HAGUE CONGRESS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,:ILE ,M>X CONSID]$ ?IS AS ,BAKUN9'S SUPREME MOVE TO SUP]S$E ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 IT WAS 9 REALITY AN 9DEP5D5T1 HEAD/RONG ACT ( ! Y\NG ,ITALIANS :I* ,BAKUN9 & HIS FRI5DS 9 O!R C\NTRIES NEV] 5DORS$ & :I* WAS NOT ACT$ UPON4 ,! ,ITALIANS DID NOT TAKE P>T 9 ! ,HAGUE ,CONGRESS :]E ONLY ,CAFI]O ASSI/$ AS A SPECTATOR1 & !Y MET !IR COMRADES FROM O!R C\NTRIES ONLY :5 !Y RETURN$ FROM ! ,HAGUE & ALL MET 9 ,SWITZ]L&1 ,MALATE/A 9CLUD$4 ,IT IS NOT FEASIBLE TO EXPLA9 H]E ! /ORY ( ! 9N] DISS5SIONS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 NOR EV5 ! E*O !Y F\ND 9 ,ITALY ) ANY?+ NE> TO COMPLET5ESS4 ,!SE >E NOT OLD =GOTT5 P>TY SQUABBLES1 BUT DEBATES1 MOVES & C\NT]MOVES :I* BE> GREAT RESEMBLANCE TO ?OSE ( \R V]Y TIME1 & IT IS REGRETTABLE ?AT SOME ONLY1 ,MALATE/A AMONG !M1 HAVE ?IS PA/ *APT] ( ,SOCIALI/ HI/ORY & EXP]I5CE BE=E !IR M9D1 :ILE TO O!RS IT REMA9S UNKN[N OR WORSE ?AN ?AT1 DI/ORT$ BY P>TIAL ACC\NTS 7TO USE A MILD T]M71 :I* HAVE BE5 DISPROV$ LONG S9CE BUT :I* >E ALWAYS C>ELESSLY REVIV$4 "9 "9 "9 "9 "9 ,MALATE/A ( =EIGN PLACES SAW FIR/ ,ZURI*1 :]E ! ,RUSSIAN /UD5TS' ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T FL\RI%$ ?AT YE>1 & HE SAW ! ,JURASSIAN ,9T]NATIONALI/S1 REFUGEES ( ! ,COMMUNE & ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/ DELEGATES1 ETC4 ,I IGNORE AT :AT TIME HE BEGAN TO READ ,SPANI%2 BUT ,I HAVE MYSELF SE5 SOME FEW RE/S ( ! ,SPANI% PAP]S S5T TO ,ITALY AT ?AT TIME1 ! ,B>CELONA ,F$]ACION1 A ,MALLORCA PAP]1 ETC41 & ,I AM CONV9C$ ?AT ,MALATE/A BY SU* READ+S & ! ACQUA9TANCE ( ! DELEGATES - ( :OM ,T4,G4 ,MORAGO MAY HAVE /RUCK HIM MO/ - E>LY CONCEIV$ A LA/+ 9T]E/ 9 ! ,SPANI% MOVEM5T4 ,( !SE PLEASANT DAYS 9 ! ,SWISS ,JURA1 :5 ALL COOP]AT$ TO OBLIT]ATE BY /R5G!N$ SOLID>ITY ! MIS]ABLE IMPRESSION ( ! ,HAGUE ,CONGRESS1 ,MALATE/A REMEMB]S ! LITTLE DETAIL1 ?AT *ILDR5 ( ! LOCALITY TOOK ,BAKUN9 TO BE ,G>IBALDI4 ,( ,MALATE/A HIMSELF ! SOB] ,JURASSIANS HAD ! BE/ IMPRESSION2 HE ALWAYS WAS = DET]M9$1 /RAIY DESIGNS HIM1 HAD ANY SU* MEAN+4 ,! ,ITALIAN ,CONGRESS WAS CONV5$ ON ,JANU>Y #a1 #a#h#g#c1 TO MEET ON ,M>* #ae AT ,MIR&OLA1 :]E ,CLESO & ,>TURO ,C]RETTI LIV$4 ,BUT ! LOCAL SECTION WAS DISSOLV$1 ,C4 ,C]RETTI >RE/$ & ! CORRESPOND+ COMMISSION 9VIT$ ! DELEGATES TO MEET AT ,BOLOGNA :]E A FIR/ MEET+ TOOK PLACE ON ,M>* #ae 9 A FACTORY4 ,ON ,M>* #af ,&REA ,CO/A1 ,MALATE/A1 ,ALCE/O ,FAGGIOLI1 ,A4 ,NEGRI & O!R DELEGATES W]E >RE/$1 BUT ! CONGRESS SUCCE$$ TO MEET 9 YET ANO!R PLACE2 #ec DELEGATES ( #e SECTIONS4 ,LOCAL F$]ATIONS ( ,NAPLES1 ,FLOR5CE1 ,RAV5NA1 ,RIM9I1 ,TUR91 ,MIR&OLA1 ,MOD5A1 ,ANCONA1 ,SI5A1 ,PISA1 ,ROME2 SECTIONS ( ,=LI1 ,FA5ZA1 ,LUGO1 ,S4 ,POTITO1 ,FUSIGNANO1 ,F]MO E CIRCOND>IO1 ,M5FI1 ,SCIACCA 7,SICILY71 ,OSMIMO & O!R SMALL LOCALITIES4 ,AS ?IS IS NOT A HI/ORY ( ! ,ITALIAN ,9T]NATIONAL1 ,I MAY NOT RECORD ! RESOLUTIONS MODIFY+ ! ORGANIZATION1 NOR ! V]Y 9T]E/+ !ORETICAL & G5]AL RESOLUTIONS1 SOME ( :I* %[ EI!R ,BAKUN9'S [N H& OR ! L>GE/ POSSIBLE 9FLU5CE ( HIS IDEAS4 ,9 ANY CASE IT WAS RESOLV$ NOT TO TAKE P>T 9 AN 9T]NATIONAL CONGRESS UNLESS CONV5$ TO PROPOSE ! FOLL[+ RE=MS3 7#a7 ,9TEGRAL RE/ORATION ( ! OLD 9TRODUCTION TO ! PLAT=M ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL2 7#b7 SOLID>ITY 9 ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE TO BE DECL>$ ! UNIQUE TIE BETWE5 ! ASSOCIATES1 LEAV+ TO EA* F$]ATION1 SECTION1 GR\P OR 9DIVIDUAL FULL FRE$OM TO ADOPT ! POLITICAL PROGRAM :I* !Y PREF] & TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES 9 CON=MITY ) IT PUBLICLY OR SECRETLY1 ALWAYS PROVID$ ! PROGRAM BE NOT OPPOS$ TO ! OBJECT ( ! ASSOCIATION1 ! COMPLETE & DIRECT EMANCIPATION ( ! PROLET>IANS BY ! PROLET>IANS !MSELVES4 7#c7 ,ABOLITION ( ALL AU?ORITY & C5TRAL P[] )9 ! SOCIETY & CONSEQU5TLY FULL FRE$OM ( ORGANIZATION & COMPLETE AUTONOMY ( ! SECTIONS & F$]ATIONS4 ,! CONGRESS1 FROM GIV5 CONSID]ATIONS1 DECL>$ ITSELF A!I/ & MAT]IALI/ 7ATEO E MAT]IALI/E7 & AN>*I/ & F$]ALI/ 7AN>*ICO E F$]ALI/A7 & RECOGNIZ$ NO POLITICAL ACTION EXCEPT SU* :I*1 9 UNISON ) ALL ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD1 DIRECTLY LEADS TO ! REALIZATION ( ! PR9CIPLES EXPOS$1 REJECT+ ALL COOP]ATION & COMPLICITY ) ! POLITICAL 9TRIGUES ( ! B\RGEOIS1 MAY !Y CALL !MSELVES DEMOCRATS & REVOLUTIONI/S4 ,IT WAS FUR!R DECL>$ ?AT1 IF ! WORK]S ( O!R C\NTRIES DIFF] FROM !SE IDEAS UNANIM\SLY ACCEPT$ BY ! PRES5T CONGRESS1 ?IS IS !IR FULL RIITY ) !M1 PROVID$ !Y AB/A9 FROM WI%+ TO IMPOSE !IR IDEAS UPON O!RS4 ,! PUBLICATION & CIRCULATION ( !SE RESOLUTIONS W]E DELAY$ BY ! >RE/S2 F9ALLY ! ,BELGIAN ,F$]AL ,C\NCIL PROPOS$ TO 9VITE ! ,JURASSIAN ,F$]ATION TO CONV5E ! G5]AL CONGRESS --- H5CE ! ,G5EVA ,CONGRESS HELD 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#h#g#c4 ,&REA ,CO/A WROTE 9 #ai 7,BAGLIROI DI SOCIALISMO4 ,C5NI /ORICI1 ,FLOR5CE7 ?AT1 ?\< ! ,SOCIALI/S ( ,NAPLES HAD ALREADY BE5 MOLE/$1 ! PRES5T >RE/S W]E ! SIGNAL ( /UPID & VILE P]SECUTIONS :I* LA/$ = SEV5 YE>S .<& :I*1 IF !Y !N CEAS$ = ,CO/A :O 5T]$ POLITICS1 = AN>*I/S CONT9UE UNTIL ?IS DAY.>4 ,!N = ! FIR/ TIME ! ,9T]NATIONAL WAS *>G$ TO BE A CRIM9AL BODY 7ASSOCIACIONE DI MALFATTORI71 BUT ! TRIBUNAL NOT YET 5DORS$ !SE GOV]NM5TAL VIEWS & ! >RE/$ W]E ALL DIS*>G$ AFT] TWO MON?S ( PRISON1 BUT O!R >RE/S FOLL[$1 AT ,LODI1 ,P>MA1 ,ROME1 ETC4 ,CAFI]O & ,MALATE/A PASS$ #$ DAYS 9 PRISON1 :I* LEAD UP TO ! BEG9N+ ( ,MAY2 ,CAFI]O !N W5T HOME1 TO ,B>LETTA 7,APULIA71 TO REALIZE HIS =TUNE ( CONSID]ABLE SIZE BUT IMPAIR$ BY SU* HURRI$ SALES ( L& & ! BITT] ANIMOSITY ( HIS FAMILY1 ETC4 ,HE =ESAW ?AT HE MIY DE/9ATION TO :I* HE HAD DEVOT$ IT 9 HIS M9D BECAME KN[N4 ,( ,MALATE/A WE KN[ NO?+ = FIVE OR SIX WEEK1 BUT !N HE W5T TO ,LOC>NO & PASS$ SOME TIME1 SOME WEEKS P]HAPS1 ) ,BAKUN94 ,DUR+ ! SUMM] ( #ahgc A ,SPANI% REVOLUTION SEEM$ IMM95T1 & F9ALLY1 URG$ ON BY HIS ,SPANI% FRI5DS1 ,BAKUN9 RESOLV$ TO GO !RE HIMSELF4 ,BUT ONLY ,CAFI]O C\LD GIVE ! NECESS>Y MONEY & HIS AFFAIRS AT ,B>LETTA W]E NOT YET T]M9AT$4 ,SO ,BAKUN9 & ,MALATE/A DECID$ TO IMPRESS ! IMPORTANCE ( ! MATT] FUR!R UPON HIM1 & S9CE ?IS C\LD H>DLY BE DONE BY LETT]1 ,MALATE/A TRAVEL$ TO ,B>LETTA1 :]E HE WAS >RE/$ ?REE DAYS AFT] HIS >RIVAL - & KEPT 9 PRISON = SIX MON?S1 TO BE DIS*>G$ AFT]W>DS1 ( C\RSE )\T ANY TRIAL4 ,?IS MAY COV] ! TIME FROM ! MIDDLE ( ,JULY1 #a#h#g#c1 TO ,JANU>Y1 #a#h#g#d1 S9CE HE REMEMB]S ?AT NEWS FROM ,ALCOY - :]E A MOVEM5T TOOK PLACE ON ,JULY #i - PRECIPITAT$ HIS J\RNEY4 ,AT ?AT TIME - AS ,Z4 ,RALLI 7,ZAMFIR ,C4 ,>BURE1 A ,R\MANIAN1 !N 9 ! ,RUSSIAN MOVEM5T7 REMEMB]S - HE & ,MALATE/A COPI$ A V]Y LONG !ORETICAL LETT] BY ,BAKUN9 TO ,SPA91 FULL ( REF]5CES TO ANTI-/ATI%1 F$]ALI/ T5D5CIES & EV5TS 9 ,SPANI% HI/ORY4 ,BUT !Y1 ,BAKUN9 & ,MALATE/A 7:O W\LD HAVE GONE TO ,SPA9 ) ,BAKUN971 ALSO KE5LY WAT*$ ! PRES5T ,SPANI% EV5TS :I* W]E DISAPPO9T+ 9 A HI< DEGREE4 ,BAKUN91 WRIT+ 9 ,JULY1 #a#h#g#d1 9 A PRIVATE DOCUM5T1 BITT]LY SPEAKS ( ! LACK ( 5]GY & REVOLUTION>Y PASSION 9 ! LEAD]S & 9 ! MASSES4 ,MALATE/A1 :O 9 #ahge 9 A ,SPANI% PRISON & ELSE:]E SAW M5 ( !SE MOVEM5TS1 GIVES SOME CRITICISM ( EV5TS 9 ,SAN ,LUC> DE ,B>RAM$A & ,CORDOVA 9 AN >TICLE 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK 0,GRIDO DEGLI ,OPPRESSI0 7,SPANI% TRANSLATION 9 ! ,BROOKLYN 0,DESP]T>0 ( ,APRIL #a1 #a#h#i#d74 ,P4 ,KROPOTK9 HE>D O!R ACC\NTS ( ! FAILURE FROM ,P4 ,BR\SSE & ,V9AS4 ,IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO 5T] H]E UPON ?IS SUBJECT TO :I* ! REPORT GIV5 BY ! ,SPANI% ,F$]ATION TO ! ,G5EVA CONGRESS 7#a#h#g#c7 GIVES A FIR/ 9TRODUCTION2 O!R 9=MATION IS F\ND 9 AN (T5 TRANSLAT$ %ORT HI/ORY ( ! ,SPANI% MOVEM5T BY ,>NOLD ,ROLL] 7#a#i#g74 ,MALATE/A ?US MISS$ ?IS EXP]I5CE & MISS$ ALSO HALF A YE> ( DEVELOPM5T 9 ! ,ITALIAN MOVEM5T4 ,DUR+ ?IS TIME A NUMB] ( PROV9CIAL CONGRESSES W]E HELD TO F\ND T5 REGIONAL F$]ATIONS1 ?OSE ( ! ,ROMAGNA1 ,UMBRIA & ! ,M>*ES1 ,NAPLES1 ,PIEMONT1 ,LIGURIA1 ,V5ETIA1 ,LOMB>DY1 ,TUSCANY1 ,SICILY & ,S>D9IA4 ,NOT ALL ( !SE F$]ATIONS HAD A =MAL EXI/5CE1 NOR DID SOME ( !M1 & !IR PAP]S1 LA/ V]Y LONG4 ,= :ATEV] ! ,9T]NATIONAL BEGAN TO BUILD UP1 ! GOV]NM5T V]Y SOON DEMOLI%$1 NOT BY BR++ ANY LEGAL *>GES AGA9/ ! SOCIETIES & !IR MEMB]S1 BUT SIMPLY BY ADM9I/RATIVE MEASURES1 DISSOLUTION & >BITR>Y >RE/S ( KN[N PROPAG&I/S1 AS ?AT >RE/ ( ,MALATE/A 9 ,B>LETTA1 :]E C]TA9LY NOT A S\L BUT ,CAFI]O EV] KNEW OR HE>D ANY?+ ( ! ,SPANI% PLANS4 ,BUT !SE DISSOLUTIONS ETC4 HAD NO LA/+ EFFECT1 S9CE ! ACTIVE MEMB]S KEPT TOGE!R & SOON F\ND ANO!R WAY TO ORGANIZE A LOCAL SOCIETY4 ,?IS \TLAWRY BY ! GOV]NM5T NECESS>ILY L$ TO ?AT /ATE ( M9D :I* CONSID]$ FUR!R PATI5T PROPAG&A QUITE IMPOSSIBLE OR USELESS & :I* PRESS$ = REVOLUTION>Y ACTION4 ,9 ?IS WAY ! EV5TS ( #ahgd W]E BR\Y MOVEM5T ( ,AUGU/1 #a#h#g#d1 L>GE 9 CONCEPTION1 SMALL 9 ACTUAL EXECUTION1 W]E ! NECESS>Y \TCOME ( EV] 9CREAS+ T5SION & EXPECTANCY ON ! P>T ( MO/ ( ?OSE :O S9CE #ahga HAD SO FRANKLY ACCEPT$ ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION AS !IR ULTIMATE AIM4 ,PROPAG&A WAS ALMO/ MADE IMPOSSIBLE BY P]SECUTIONS & WE MU/ NOT =GET ?AT ALL ! COMPLICAT$ LABOR QUE/IONS ( LAT] YE>S1 9VOLV+ RE=MS & LEGISLATION1 HAD NOT >IS5 9 ,ITALY AT ?AT TIME1 L>GE 9DU/RIES W]E ONLY BEG9N+ & H>DLY DID EXI/ 9 ! MORE REVOLUTION>Y P>TS1 MIDDLE & S\!RN ,ITALY4 ,!RE W]E MA9LY NUMB]S ( 9TELLIG5T SKILL$ WORK]S1 MORE OR LESS ISOLAT$1 & MASSES ( V]Y POOR & IGNORANT WORK]S1 LABOR]S1 SMALL F>M]S1 & PEASANTS4 ,A MOVEM5T W\LD BE QUICK] DECID$ UPON & PREP>$ !N ?AN 9 YE>S LAT] & ! FAILURE ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE & ( ! ,SPANI% MOVEM5TS ( #ahgc WAS RA!R AN 9C5TIVE = ! ,ITALIANS TO TRY TO DO BETT]4 ,AFT] PUTT+ ASIDE ,MAZZ9I & ,G>IBALDI AS 9SUFFICI5T & 9EFFECTIVE TO DEAL ) ! SOCIAL PROBLEM1 ! ,9T]NATIONAL WAS OR FELT UND] A MORAL OBLIGATION TO MAKE A REVOLUTION>Y EF=T BY ITSELF1 & SO ?IS WAS PREP>$ S9CE ! 5D ( #a#h#g#c4 ,! MOVEM5T ( #ahgd HAD PROBABLY SOME V]Y VITAL DEFECTS2 IT DEP5D$ ON A MULTIPLICITY ( PRE>RANGEM5TS1 APPO9TM5TS1 A GIV5 ORD] ( 9ITIATIVES1 ETC41 & A FEW >RE/S OR ACCID5TS OB/RUCT$ ?IS COMPLICATE ME*ANISM4 ,IT C\LD NOT HAVE BE5 READY = ACTION :5 ! POPUL> RIOTS TOOK PLACE1 = ! RIFLES 7AS ! TRIALS %[S7 APPE> ONLY TO HAVE BE5 ACQUIR$ 9 ! LATT] P>T ( ,JULY2 :E!R ,CAFI]O'S J\RNEYS - = HE CONTRIBUT$ MO/ ( ! MONEY - CAUS$ ANY DELAY1 ,I CANNOT SAY4 ,IT IS EXTREMELY LIKELY ?AT ! EXAMPLE ( ,BOLOGNA W\LD HAVE BE5 FOLL[$ 9 MANY O!R LOCALITIES :]E PREP>ATIONS HAD BE5 MADE2 AS IT IS1 ALL WAS PROBABLY DONE 9 MO/ PLACES TO UNDO !SE PREP>ATIONS & TO DE/ROY !IR TRACES4 ,SOME SAY ?AT ,CO/A WAS TOO OPTIMI/IC & TOO SUP]FICIAL 9 RECKON+ UPON SUPPORT PROMIS$4 ,! 9ITIAL F]M5T1 AN IMM$IATE QUE/ION ATTRACT+ ! PEOPLE & R\S+ ! 9DIFF]5T WAS EVID5TLY WANT+ & EV]Y?+ FELL FLAT4 ,BUT ! ATTITUDE ( ! PRISON]S DUR+ !IR MANY MON?S ( >RE/ & ! TRIALS CONTRIBUT$ GREATLY TO REBUILD ! PRE/IGE ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,AMONG ?OSE :O KEPT FAI? & DID ! BE/ !Y C\LD WAS ,MALATE/A 9 ! ,S\?4 ,ON ,AUGU/ #b? ,CUNILIA ,BELL]IA1 ,BAKUN9'S Y\NG ,TIC9ESE FRI5D1 WRITES FROM ,LOC>NO TO ,BAKUN9 AT ,SPL+TON3 ,A FRI5D FROM ,NAPLES >RIV$ H]E .<,C>MELO ,PALLAD9O.>4 ,HE SAYS ?AT NO?+ CAN BE DONE4 ,?OSE :OSE ADDRESS Y\ WANT >E HID+ OR 9 PRISON4 ,MALATE/A IS EXPECT$ H]E2 IF HE DOES NOT >RIVE TODAY1 ?IS W\LD BE A BAD SIGN4 ,AT ! ,NAPLES PO/ (FICE = TWELVE DAYS A POLICE (FIC] IS WAIT+ = PEOPLE :O W\LD CALL = LETT]S ADDRESS$ TO ,D4 ,PASQUALIO1 C>E ( ,NICOLO ,BELL]IO .<,MALATE/A'S ADDRESS1 ! SAME :I* ,BAKUN9'S DI>Y ( #ahgb CONTA9S1 AS M5TION$ ABOVE.>4 ,HE WAS EXPECT$ 9 VA92 = TRAVEL+ NOR? HE WAS >RE/$ AT ,PES>O1 BETWE5 ,ANC>IA & ,RIM9I1 BE+ P]HAPS 7AS HE ?\ACT] ( ! FEW REAL EV5TS ( ,AUGU/ #ahgd DID NOT IMPAIR ! POPUL>ITY ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,SUCCESS WAS NOT ! ONLY GOD WOR%IP$ !N & 9 MAGNIS VOLUISSE SAT E/ WAS /ILL RECOGNIZ$ - A G5]\S 9T5TION RANKS BE=E SUCCESS4 ,HAD NOT ,MAZZ9I'S PRACTICAL ATTEMPTS ALL FAIL$ & WAS ,G>IBALDI EV] LESS BELOV$ ON ACC\NT ( ! FAILURES ( ,ASPROMANTE & ( ,M5TANA8 ,& ! GOV]NM5T TREAT$ ! MATT] AS ! ,B\RBONS !MSELVES W\LD HAVE TREAT$ AN ANCI5T POLITICAL CONSPIRACY2 5DLESS MON?S ( PRELIM9>Y >RE/ W]E FOLL[$ BY MON/] TRIALS1 ! ,BOLOGNA TRIAL T]M9AT+ ONLY ON ,JUNE #a#g1 #ahgf AFT] ?REE MON?S' DURATION4 ,?IS & ! *E]FUL & PLUCKY ATTITUDE ( ! ACCUS$ CREAT$ 9T]E/ & SYMPA?IES & !SE TRIALS >E ! MO/ IMPRESSIVE & !REBY ! MO/ IMPORTANT FEATURE ( ! :OLE MOVEM5T ( ?OSE YE>S4 ,BY IMPLICAT+ ON ! %ALL[E/ PRET5SES REPUBLICANS & DEMOCRATS1 OCCASION WAS GIV5 TO CALL ,G>IBALDI & ! OLD ,MAZZ9IAN LEAD]S LIKE ,AURELIO ,SAFFI AS WITNESSES = ! DEF5SE 7AT ,FLOR5CE72 ALL ?IS & ! %ABBY POLICE EVID5CE & BE=E ALL ! Y\?1 UNBLEMI%$ *>ACT]1 C\RAGE1 DEFIANCE & YET ALTRUI/ G5TL5ESS ( ! ACCUS$ & ABLE CRITICAL & RHETORICAL EF=TS ( ! DEF5D+ LAWY]S - ALL ?IS CREAT$ AN ATMOSPH]E ( G5]AL SYMPA?Y & ALL ! (FICIAL EVID5CE & ! PROSECUTIONS' D5UNCIATIONS ( SOCIALISM MET ) CONTEMPT4 ,! S]IES ( TRIALS HAD AN UGLY BEG9N+ H[EV]4 ,AT ,ROME 7,MAY #d-#h1 #a#h#g#e7 S5T5CES ( T5 YE>S P5AL S]VITUDE & SIMIL> T]MS ( SIMPLE PRISON W]E PRON\NC$2 BUT ANO!R TRIAL HAD TO BE ORD]$ - ,MAY #a#a-#a#h1 #a#h#g#f1 ONLY A YE> LAT] - :I* 5D$ BY ACQUITTALS4 ,! ,FLOR5CE TRIAL 7,JUNE #c-,AUGU/ #c1 #a#h#g#e7 - ( :I* ! REPUBLICANS PUBLI%$ A LONG REPORT1 ,DIBATTIM5TI2 ,ROME1 #a#h#g#e1 #ebi PP4 - WAS SIMULTANE\S ) ,MALATE/A'S TRIAL AT ,TRANI 7,APULIA7 E>LY 9 ,AUGU/1 SEV5 ACCUS$2 ACQUITTAL ,AUGU/ #e4 ,! GOOD NEWS FROM ,TRANI ?US *E]$ UP EV]YBODY AT ,FLOR5CE & ?\< A POOR MAN WAS S5T5C$ TO N9E YE>S H>D LABOR = AN ALLEG$ ACT ( VIOL5CE1 & TWO RECEIV$ A NOM9AL S5T5CE = ! POSSESSION ( >MS1 ALL ! O!RS W]E ACQUITT$4 ,A TRIAL ( #cc ,UMBRIAN 9T]NATIONALI/S1 AT ,P]GUIA1 5D$ SIMIL>LY 7,SEPTEMB] #b#d71 ALSO LAT] TRIALS ( ,LER>A4 ,! PRISON]S FROM ! ,M>*ES & ! ,ABRUZZI 7,AQUILA7 W]E TRI$ ) ! ,BOLOGNESE & ,ROMAGNOLS 9 ! L>GE/ ( ALL TRIALS1 ?AT ( ,BOLOGNA - ,M>* #ae TO ,JUNE #a#g1 #ahgf - :]E ,CO/A WAS ! LEAD+ SPIRIT4 ,ON ,AUGU/ #bi ,CAFI]O WROTE TO ,BAKUN92 0! EFFECT ( ! TRIAL ( ,MALATE/A & ,CO4 9 ! ?REE ,APULIAS IS 9CR$IBLE4 ,! JURY - ! RI*E/ M5 ( ! PROV9CE EV5 - IMM$IATELY AFT] ! V]DICT %OOK H&S ) ! ACCUS$ :O W]E RECEIV$ 9 TRIUMPH04 ,!SE NEWS FROM ,MALATE/A OR FROM LOCAL FRI5DS - = ,TRANI IS ! T[N NEXT TO HIS NATIVE ,B>LETTA - W]E ALSO S5T BY ,CAFI]O ! 0,PLEBE0 7,LODI7 & REPRODUC$ 9 ! ,JURA 0,BULLET90 7,SEPTEMB] #e74 ,! TRIAL LA/$ FIVE DAYS .<,AUGU/ #a-#e.>1 ! :OLE POPULATION WAS 9T]E/$ 9 IT1 NOT ONLY ! $UCAT$ CLASSES4 ,! JURY WAS COMPOS$ ( ! RI*E/ L&[N]S & !RE WAS MILIT>Y DISPLAY4 ,! PUBLIC PROSECUTOR TOLD ! JURY V]BATIM3 IF Y\ DO NOT F9D !SE M5 GUILTY1 !Y WILL COME SOME DAY TO ABDUCT Y\R WIVES1 VIOLATE Y\R DAUS ( PRISON TO SOME ( US1 BUT !Y WILL DO \R CAUSE IMM5SE GOOD4 ,AB\T ?IS TIME ,MALATE/A MADE A FEW DAYS VISIT AT ,LOC>NO1 DISCUSS+ ) ,CAFI]O ! REORGANIZATION ( ! ,ALLIANCE4 ,CAFI]O & HIS ,RUSSIAN WIFE ) :OM WAS ALSO ,S4 ,MAZZOTTI1 LIV$ !N AT ! ,B>ONATA 9 ! V]Y POORE/ WAY1 CAUS$ BY ,CAFI]O'S F9ANCIAL RU94 ,IT MAY HAVE BE5 AT ?AT TIME 7AB\T ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#g#e7 ?AT ,MALATE/A'S J\RNEY TO ,SPA9 WAS DISCUSS$ OR >RANG$1 = ! PURPOSE ( RESCU+ ,*>LES ,AL]9I FROM ! ,CADIX PRISON4 ,AL]9I1 A ,CORSICAN1 HAD 5T]$ ,BAKUN9'S 9TIMATE CIRCLE :5 ! LATT] WAS AT ,M>SEILLE1 ,OCTOB]1 ,NOVEMB]1 #a#h#g1 TRY+ TO REORGANIZE ! MOVEM5T ?AT HAD FAIL$ AT ,LYONS 9 ,SEPTEMB]4 :5 ,BAKUN9 WAS 9 GREAT DANG] ( >RE/1 ,AL]9I HELP$ HIM TO ESCAPE FROM ,M>SEILLE & N[ ,BAKUN9 SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 ANXI\S TO REPAY HIS ACTION4 ,= ,AL]NI S9CE ,APRIL #ahga WAS A REFUGEE 9 ,SPA92 HE WAS ONE ( ! ,HAGUE DELEGATES ( #ahgb :]E ,MALATE/A KNEW HIM AS A BRISK LIVELY ,S\!RN]4 ,) ,PAUL ,BR\SSE & ,CAMILLE ,CAMET HE ALSO WAS ( ?AT SMALL ,FR5* GR\P 9 ,B>CELONA :I* 9 #ahgc PUBLI%$ ! 0,SOLID>ITE ,REVOLUTIONAIRE04 ,:IL/ ,BR\SSE MADE HIS WAY TO ,SWITZ]L&1 ! REVOLUTION>Y EV5TS ( ?AT SUMM] S5T ,AL]9I & SO MANY O!R ,SPANI% 9T]NATIONALI/S & O!R REBELS TO PRISON = A NUMB] ( YE>S4 ,( ?IS J\RNEY :I* TOOK PLACE ?AT AUTUMN OR A LITTLE LAT] ,MALATE/A SPEAKS 9 A HUMOR\S SPIRIT4 ,! LOCAL COMRADES AT ,CADIX CONSID]$ ! RESCUE EASY4 ,HE WAS IMM$IATELY ADMITT$ AT ! PRISON AS IF HE HAD 5T]$ A HOTEL & PASS$ ! :OLE DAY ) ,AL]9I & #c OR #d COMRADES1 PRISON]S FROM ,C>TAG5A1 ,ALCAY & ,CADIX 7#a#h#g#c74 ,F9ALLY1 ,MALATE/A BOLDLY ASK$ ! *IEF W>D] TO LET ,AL]9I WALK \T ) HIM TO SEE ! T[N4 ,SOME PIECES ( GOLD J+L+ 9 HIS H& DISAPPE>$ 9 ! O!R'S PALM & NEXT DAY ,AL]9I1 9 COMPANY ( TWO W>D]S1 WAS P]MITT$ TO JO9 HIM4 ,! LOCAL COMRADES HAD >RANG$ = A %IP1 ! W>D]S W]E MADE DRUNK1 BUT - ,AL]9I HESITAT$ & W\LD NOT GO4 ,!RE WAS NO?+ LEFT ?AT NID]S TO !IR PRISON HOME4 ,ON ! DAY FOLL[+ ,AL]9I SEEM$ MORE DISPOS$ TO GO AWAY1 ?IS TIME A S+LE CO9 ( GOLD & ONE W>D] W]E SUFFICI5T1 A SOB] MAN ?IS TIME1 BUT UPON :OM A SLEEP+ DRAFT APPE>$ 9 ! EV5+4 ,AL]9I WAS FREE TO GO & SEEM$ DET]M9$ TO LEAVE1 BUT WAS F\ND L+]+ 9 A ROOM \TSIDE & SIMPLY W\LD NOT GO - SO ,MALATE/A GAVE IT UP4 ,AL]9I MAY HAVE HAD A LOCAL SWEE!>T OR WAS DIS9CL9$ TO RE5T] REVOLUTION>Y LIFE2 HIS TIME WAS OV] 9 FACT4 ,I AM ALMO/ SURE ?AT 9 ?IS J\RNEY ,MALATE/A ALSO VISIT$ ,MORAGO AT ,MADRID1 POSSIBLY ALSO 9 PRISON1 IF NOT 9 HID+1 A MU* MORE S]I\S MAN ?AN ,AL]9I4 ,! ,SPANI% ,9T]NATIONAL KEPT TOGE!R ?R\< ALL !SE YE>S AS A SECRET ASSOCIATION1 YET MEET+ AT MANY CONF]5CES1 PR9T+ SECRET PAP]S ETC42 A ,B>CELONA PAP]1 ,REVI/A ,SOCIAL1 $IT$ BY ,V9AS1 WAS = YE>S ! ONLY \TW>D SIGN ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,P4 ,KROPOTK9 TOOK GREAT 9T]E/ 9 ! ,SPANI% ,9T]NATIONAL 9 #ahgg :5 HE 9T5D$ TO GO !RE TO JO9 A PROPOS$ MOVEM5T4 ,HE W5T !RE 9 FACT 9 ,JULY1 #a#h#g#h1 UND] SOME:AT DIFF]5T CIRCUM/ANCES & RECEIV$ LA/+ IMPRESSIONS4 ,ALL ?IS W\LD HAVE 9T]E/$ ,MALATE/A ALSO1 HAD NOT NEW ACTION & NEW PRISONS RETA9$ HIM 9 ,ITALY4 ,! 9N] HI/ORY ( ! ,ITALIAN MOVEM5T S9CE ! REPRESSION 9 #ahgd IS USUALLY REPEAT$ FROM ,F4 ,PEZZI'S BOOK 7#a#h#g#b7 :O WAS 9 ! POSITION TO KN[ DIV]SE PLANS OR PROPOSALS REANIMAT$ 9 #ahge *IEFLY AMONG ! ,SWISS EXILES4 ,MALATE/A ?9KS V]Y SMALL ( !SE MATT]S :I* CAME TO NO?+4 ,?AT A ,COMITATO ,ITALIANO P] LA ,RIVOLUZIONE ,SOCIALE CONT9U$ TO EXI/ OR WAS RECON/ITUT$ 9 ,CAFI]O'S CIRCLE BECOMES EVID5T FROM A LETT] FROM ,CAFI]O TO ,BAKUN9 ( ,AUGU/ #b#g1 #a#h#g#e4 ,:5 H[EV] ,MALATE/A1 ! PRISON]S ( ,FLOR5CE & O!RS W]E GRADUALLY LIB]AT$ S9CE ! LATT] P>T ( #a#h#g#e1 A RECON/RUCTION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 IF POSSIBLY BY A PUBLIC CONGRESS1 WAS ( C\RSE ! MOVE UND] PREP>ATION1 ?\< ! L>GE ,BOLOGNA TRIAL WAS /ILL \T/&+ & REG>D = ! PRISON]S1 ,I TAKE IT1 DEM&$ DISCRETE ACTION UNTIL ! TRIAL WAS OV]4 "9 "9 "9 "9 "9 ,MALATE/A PASS$ ?IS W9T] AT ,NAPLES 7#a#h#g#e-#a#h#g#f72 9 AN OCCASIONAL >TICLE1 ,A PROPOSITO DI ,MASSON]IA 70,UMANITE10 ,OCT4 #g1 #a#i#b71 HE TELLS ( ?IS P]IOD ( HIS LIFE3 ,I WAS A FREEMASON :5 ,I WAS A LITTLE Y\NG] ?AN N[ - FROM ,OCTOB] #a#i1 #ahge TO ,M>* OR ,APRIL #a#h#g#f4 ,I RETURN$ TO ,NAPLES444 .444 WE W]E ACQUITT$ 9 SPITE ( \R MO/ EXPLICIT DECL>ATIONS = ,AN>*ISM1 COLLECTIVISM 7?IS T]M WAS !N US$7 & REVOLUTION>ISM1 BECAUSE AT ?AT TIME ! B\RGEOISIE1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! ,S\?1 DID NOT YET FEEL ! SOCIALI/ P]IL & IT WAS (T5 SUFFICI5T TO BE AN 5EMY ( ! GOV]NM5T TO HAVE ! SYMPA?Y ( ! JURY4 ,I RETURN$ UND] ! SPELL ( A C]TA9 POPUL>ITY & ! ,MASON WANT$ TO HAVE ME AMONG !M4 ,A PROPOSITION WAS MADE TO ME4 ,I OBJECT$ MY SOCIALI/ & AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES & WAS TOLD ?AT MASONRY WAS = 9F9ITE PROGRESS & ?AT AN>*ISM C\LD V]Y WELL 5T] )9 ITS PROGRAM4 ,I SAID ?AT ,I C\LD NOT HAVE ACCEPT$ ! TRADITIONAL =M ( ! OA? & WAS TOLD ?AT IT W\LD BE SUFFICI5T = ME TO PROMISE TO /RUGGLE = ! GOOD ( HUMANITY4 ,I ALSO SAID ?AT ,I WAS NOT WILL+ TO SUBMIT TO ! RIDICUL\S 0PROBATIONS0 ( ! 9ITIATION & WAS TOLD ?AT !Y %\LD BE DISPOS$ ) 9 MY CASE4 ,BRIEFLY PUT1 !Y WANT$ ME AT ANY CO/ & ,I 5D$ BY ACCEPT+ - FROM ?IS REASON ALSO ?AT ,I WAS /RUCK BY ! IDEA TO REPEAT ,BAKUN9'S ATTEMPT :I* HAD FAIL$1 TO LEAD BACK ,FREEMASONRY TO ITS IDEAL ORIG9S & TO MAKE A REALLY REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETY ( IT4 ,SO ,I 5T]$ ,FREEMASONRY 4 4 4 & BECAME QUIETLY AW>E ?AT IT S]V$ ONLY TO ADVANCE ! 9T]E/S ( ?OSE BRE?R5 :O W]E ! GREATE/ FRAUDS4 ,BUT S9CE ,I MET !RE ) 5?USIA/IC Y\NG M5 :O W]E ACCESSIBLE TO SOCIALI/ IDEAS1 ,I /AY$ !RE TO MAKE PROPAG&A AMONG !M & ,I DID SO TO ! GREAT SC&AL & RAGE ( ! BIG HEADS4 ,BUT :5 ,NICOT]A BECAME ,PREMI] & ! ,LODGE DECID$ TO MEET HIM ) B& & BANN]S1 ,MALATE/A C\LD BUT1 AS HE SAYS1 0PROTE/ & LEAVE04 7,FROM ?AT TIME !IR RELATIONS W]E ONLY HO/ILE74 ,AB\T ?AT TIME ,MALATE/A = ! ONLY TIME 9 HIS LIFE W5T \T ( HIS WAY TO S]VE ANO!R CAUSE1 ?AT ( ! ,H]ZOGOV9A 9SURRECTION AGA9/ ! ,TURKS4 ,HE SPOKE ( ?IS MOVEM5T ) ,BAKUN9 9 #ahge & REMEMB]S ?AT ,BAKUN9 RECALL$ ! /RONG ATTITUDE ( =M] ,BRITI% /ATESM5 ON SU* OCCASION1 MAYBE ( ,LORD ,PAM]/ON & O!RS4 ,BAKUN9 MU/ HAVE KN[N ( HIS IDEA TO GO !RE HIMSELF & HAD ,MAZZOTTI TELL HIM ( ! GOOD PEOPLE 9 ,5GL& :O MAKE SOCKS = ! HEA!N NEGROES & HAVE NO EYES = ! HALF NAK$ POOR AT HOME2 ,MAZZOTTI REMEMB]$ AS ,MALATE/A'S REPLY ?AT :5EV] ,C>?AGO WAS ATTACK$1 ,ROME WAS DEF5D$4 ,?IS MOVEM5T HAD ! /RONG SUPPORT ( ,G>IBALDI2 ,CELSO ,C]RETTI WAS !RE1 ALSO ,ALCE/O ,FAGGIOLI 7AFT] ! ,BOLOGNA TRIAL74 ,9 ,JULY #ahge ,/EPNIAK1 ,D4 ,KLEM5S & ,ROSS W5T !RE ( :I* ! LA/ RETURN$ SOON1 COMPLETELY DIS5*ANT$2 AS HE SOON MET ,CAFI]O 9 ,ROME1 IT IS JU/ POSSIBLE ?AT ,MALATE/A !N HE>D ?IS SIDE ( ! QUE/ION :I* WAS ALSO ALLUD$ TO 9 ! ,JURA 0,BULLET904 ,BUT !RE WAS NO HELP = IT & SOME RIVALRY ) ! ,G>IBALDIANS & ! DESIRE TO DO SOME H>D] FIS ! ,MAZZ9I/S & ,G>IBALDIANS W]E ALREADY COMPLETELY DRIFT+ AWAY FROM 9N] ACTION ) REPUBLICAN >MS & W]E CLEV]LY MADE TO SP5D !IR 5?USIASM & SOMETIMES GIVE UP !IR LIVES 9 ! S]VICE ( ,ITALY'S UN(FICIAL =EIGN POLICY4 ,ALREADY 9 #ahg ,G>IBALDI HAD BALANC$ ! BL[ /RUCK AT ! PRE/IGE ( ,FRANCE BY ! OCCUPATION ( ,ROME1 :5 HE IMM$IATELY AFT]W>DS ASSI/$ ,FRANCE 9 ! W> & S9CE !N ! R\< & READY ,G>IBALDIANS F\Y & $UCATIONAL PROPAG&A 9 ! ,ITALIAN-SPEAK+ DI/RICTS ( ,AU/RIA4 ,H[EV]1 ALL ?IS WAS VEIL$1 AS USUAL1 BY CL\DS ( F9E WORDS & G5]\S FEEL+ KN[S NO REASON+ & SO1 BETWE5 ,GLAD/ONE & ,G>IBALDI1 ,MALATE/A ALSO W5T TO ,TRIE/E1 BUT WAS S5T BACK TO ,ITALY4 ,HE TRI$ AGA9 & >RIV$ AT ,NEWSATZ 7,CROATIA71 ON ! WAY TO ,BELGRAD4 ,HE WAS S5T BACK =CIBLY AGA9 FROM PLACE TO PLACE & TOOK #c DAYS TO REA* ,UD9E :]E ! ,ITALIANS KEPT HIM 9 PRISON = A =?NID5T 9T]NATIONALI/1 WAS A GIFT$ WRIT] :O HAD GIV5 P>TICUL> ?\*IA' 7,NAPLES1 ,AUGU/ #b#e-,OCTOB] #f1 #a#h#g#g71 ONE ( ! BE/ PAP]S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL :I*1 BY ! WAY1 9 #a#h#g#f-#g#g HAD A GOOD ORGAN 9 ! ',M>TELLO' ( ,FABRIANO & ,TESI 75D ( ,JULY1 #a#h#g#g74 ,WAS IT ,COVELLI'S 9FLU5CE ?AT L$ !M TO CONSID] ! ECONOMIC SIDE ( !IR IDEALS8 ,9 ANY CASE ,MALATE/A TELLS ?AT 9 !IR WALKS ALONG ! SEA%ORE !Y !N >RIV$ BY !MSELVES AT ! IDEA ( COMMUNI/ AN>*ISM4 ,?IS WAS A NEW /EP =W>D1 = UNTIL !N ! ECONOMIC DESCRIPTION APPLI$ TO AN>*ISM WAS COLLECTIVI/4 ,?IS MEANT3 COLLECTIVE PROP]TY & ?AT ! WORK] %\LD RECEIVE ! FULL PRODUCT ( HIS LABOR4 ,BUT - !Y N[ ASK$ !MSELVES - H[ TO DET]M9E ?IS8 ,A G5]AL /&>D W\LD HAVE TO BE E/ABLI%$ TO :I* ALL MU/ SUBMIT - ?IS IMPLIES AU?ORITY - & MOREOV] S9CE PHYSICAL =CE1 SKILL1 ETC41 >E DIFF]5T1 ! WEAK] & ! LESS ABLE W\LD BE ! VICTIMS ( SU* A SY/EM - :I* MEANS 9EQUALITY & A NEW =M ( EXPLOITATION1 ! CREATION ( NEW ECONOMIC PRIVILEGE4 ,H5CE ! PRODUCTS ( LABOR %\LD ALSO BE COLLECTIVE PROP]TY & ACCESSIBLE TO ALL 9 ! MEASURE ( !IR WANTS4 ,?IS IS DESIGNAT$ COMMUNISM1 ONLY ! WORD HAD !N BE5 DISCR$IT$ BY ! AU?ORIT>IAN *>ACT] ( ,CABET'S & O!R SY/EMS4 ,IT IS REM>KABLE ?AT 9 ! BEG9N+ ( #ahgf ! SAME IDEA 7ACCEPT$ BY ! ,FLOR5CE CONGRESS 9 ,OCTOB]7 WAS 9CID5TALLY M5TION$ 9 A DIM9UTIVE PAMPHLET PUBLI%$ 9 ,G5EVA BY ,FRANCOIS ,DUM>!RAY1 A REFUGEE FROM ,LYON4 ,DUM>!RAY1 ,P]RAL & O!RS HAD = YE>S BELONG$ TO A SMALL & V]Y ADVANC$ ,G5EVA SECTION CALL$ 0,L',AV5IR0 :]E ?OSE IDEAS HAD MATUR$ & ,DUM>!RAY WAS 9 #ahgi ONE ( ,KROPOTK9'S COMRADES & HELPMATE ON ! ',REVOLTE'4 ,!SE IDEAS ORIG9AT$ = YET ANO!R TIME 9 ,KROPOTK9'S M9D :5 HE WAS WORK+ = AN>*I/ PROPAG&A 9 ,SWITZ]L&4 ,!Y >E =MULAT$ 9 HIS ,IDEE AN>*I/E AU PO9T DE VUE DE SA REALIZATION PRATIQUE1 READ BE=E ! ,JURASSIAN SECTIONS ,OCTOB] #a#b1 #a#h#g#i1 :IL/ ,CAFI]O RESUM$ !N 9 ,AN>*IE ET ,COMMUNISME1 LAID BE=E ! ,JURASSIAN CONGRESS ( ,OCTOB] #i-#a#i1 #a#h#h4 FROM ?AT TIME !Y W]E G5]ALLY ACCEPT$ EXCEPT 9 ,SPA94 ,EV5 AMONG ! ,IC>IANS !MSELVES 9 ?OSE YE>S A FREE COMMUNI/ T5D5CY SPRANG UP 7REPRES5T$ BY ! PAP] ',LA ,JEUNE ,IC>IE1' ETC472 !RE ! Y\NG G5]ATION D5I$ TO ! E>LI] ,IC>IAN SETTL]S ! EXCLUSIVE RID5S & FROM TREES :I* !Y CLAIM$ AS 9DIVIDUAL PROP]TY4 ,LEAV+ ! ,IC>IAN EPISODE AP>T1 !SE P>ALLEL DEVELOPM5TS MAY BE DESCRIB$ AS ! FIR/ IMPORTANT NEW /EPS ( AN>*ISM S9CE ,BAKUN9'S RETIREM5T2 ! ADOPTION ( ! TACTICAL PR9CIPLE ( PROPAG&A BY DE$ WAS A SECOND /EP1 & ! REPLAC+ ( =MAL ORGANIZATIONS BY FREE GR\PS WILL SOON M>K A ?IRD ONE4 ,! DESIRE TO ELIM9ATE ALL POSSIBILITIES ( AU?ORITY & TO REALIZE ! MO/ COMPLETE FRE$OM1 9SPIR$ ALL !SE DEVELOPM5TS2 ALSO1 ,I BELIEVE1 ! FEEL+ ?AT ACTION ON A V]Y L>GE SCALE 7LIKE ! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS7 WAS LESS NE> AT H& ?AN EXPECT$ SOME YE>S AGO & ?AT EXT5SION & 9T5SIFICATION ( ! PROPAG&A WAS NECESS>Y BE=E ALL4 ,!SE MODIFICATIONS W]E NOT ALWAYS ACCEPT$ & APPRECIAT$ BY ! OLD] COMRADES1 BUT !RE WAS NO ILL FEEL+4 ,ONLY TRACES ( ! OLD IDEAS REMA9$1 SO 9 ,MALATE/A'S CASE AN ADH]5CE TO ! E>LI] IDEAS ON ORGANIZATION & A BELIEF 9 ! NE> 7& NOT ONLY ! REMOTE7 POSSIBILITY ( COLLECTIVE ACTION4 "9 "9 "9 "9 "9 ,! 9SURRECTION>Y MOVEM5TS ( #ahgd & #ahgg DIFF]$ FUNDAM5TALLY4 ,9 #ahgd A G5]AL RIS+ WAS EXPECT$1 BY SOME AT LEA/1 AD ! EXAMPLE ( ,G>IBALDI 9 ,SICILY & ,NAPLES1 ( ! ,SPANI% POLITICAL REVOLUTION ( #ahfh & ( ! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS WAS /ILL BE=E ALL4 ,9 #a#h#g#f-#g#g ! PURPOSE WAS BE=E ALL EFFECTIVE ,SOCIALI/ PROPAG&A BY AN EXAMPLE SET TO ! C\NTRY POPULATION :I* C\LD NOT BE REA*$ BY O!R MEANS4 ,! IDEA WAS FUR!R ?AT ! LOCAL MOVEM5T1 IF IT C\LD EXP& & HOLD \T A C]TA9 TIME1 W\LD BE SECOND$ BY SIMIL> \TBREAKS 9 T[N & C\NTRY & ?US LEAD TO A G5]AL MOVEM5T4 ,BY ACCID5T ,/EPNIAK 7,S]GEI ,KRAVT*9SKI71 RETURN$ FROM ,MONT5EGRO1 !N LIV$ AT ,NAPLES & WAS ALREADY KN[N TO ! 9T]NATIONALI/S4 ,HE WAS 9T]E/$ 9 ! PROPOS$ 9SURRECTION &1 HAV+ BE5 AN (FIC] ( >TILL]Y1 HE COMPOS$ A MANUAL ( MILIT>Y 9/RUCTIONS = ! B&4 ,/EPNIAK1 A ,RUSSIAN LADY & ,MALATE/A TOOK A H\SE AT ,SAN ,LUPO1 NE> ,C]RETO 7,B5EV5TO ,PROV9CE71 NOM9ALLY = AN 9VALID LADY1 BUT IT WAS TO S]VE = /OR+ WEAPONS 7,APRIL #b74 ,ON ! #cRD ! WEAPONS >RIV$ !RE 9 L>GE CASES4 ,! H\SE WAS1 H[EV]1 WAT*$ BY G5D>MES 7,APRIL #e71 & :5 SOME 9T]NATIONALI/S APPROA*$ IT1 FIR+ BEGAN2 ( TWO W\ND$ G5D>MES ONE DI$ LAT]2 SOME >RE/S TOOK PLACE1 & ! O!RS1 H>DLY ! F\R? P>T ( ?OSE EXPECT$1 TOOK TO ! M\NTA9S AT NIDS BY A FEW MORE :O W]E UN>M$4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! REPORT WRITT5 BY ,ANGIOL9I1 ! #b#g1 CONDUCT$ BY GUIDES1 L$ BY ,MALATE/A & ,CECC>ELLI 7#c#e YE>S1 M]*ANT BORN AT ,SAVIGNANO1 DI$ #ahhf 9 ,CAIRO71 ALWAYS CONV]S+ ) ,CAFI]O1 FE$+ & %ELT]$ 9 F>MS1 BETWE5 ,APRIL #f & #h M>*$ BY ! M\NTA9S ( ! ,MONTE ,MATESE ,*A91 BY ,PIETR>VIA1 ! ,MONTE ,MUTRI1 ,FILETTI & ,BUCO TO ,LET9O1 5T]+ 9 SIL5CE1 ) ! R$ FLAG & 9VAD+ ! MUNICIPAL BUILD+ :]E ! C\NCIL WAS SITT+4 ,!Y DECL>$ ! K+ DEPOS$ 9 ! NAME ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION & DEM&$ TO H& OV] ! (FICIAL PAP]S1 WEAPONS1 ETC41 & CA%4 ,! CL]K1 DEM&+ SOME AU?ORIZATION1 RECEIV$ A DOCUM5T1 SIGN$ BY ,CAFI]O1 ,MALATE/A & ,CECC>ELLI1 SAY+3 0,WE ! UND]SIGN$ DECL>E TO HAVE OCCUPI$1 >MS 9 H&1 ! MUNICIPAL BUILD+ ( ,LET9O 9 ! NAME ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION40 ,!N RIFLES1 CONFISCAT$ TOOLS & ! LITTLE CA% W]E DI/RIBUT$ AMONG ! VILLAGE PEOPLE1 AN APP>ATUS TO CALCULATE ! FL\R GR9D+ TAX WAS BROK51 & ! :OLE ( ! PAP]S1 ?OSE CONC]N+ *>ITY EXCEPT$1 W]E BURN$4 ,AFT] ?IS SPEE*ES W]E MADE1 :I* ! 9HABITANTS1 SAYS ,MALATE/A'S LETT] ( #a#h#g#g1 RECEIV$ ) FULL SYMPA?Y4 ,!N ! LOCAL PRIE/1 ,RAPHAELE ,=T9I 7#f YE>S7 MADE A NICE SPEE*1 CALL+ !M ! TRUE APO/LES S5T BY ! ,LORD TO PREA* HIS DIV9E LAWS4 ,!N !Y LEFT = ! NEII% PRIE/ ,V9C5ZO ,TAMBURI 7#d YE>S7 :O RETURNS PREC$+ !M & TELLS ! PEOPLE TO FE> NO?+4 ,H]E ! MUNICIPAL BUILD+ IS OP5$ BY =CE & ! SAME MEASURES >E TAK5 AT ,LET9O4 ,BUT TROOPS BEGAN TO SURR\ND !M & !Y GOT NO SUPPORT 9 ! TWO LOCALITIES M5TION$1 ?\< ! LETT] ( #ahgg TELLS ( DEM&S ( PEASANTS = BREAD & MONEY - :I* W]E PROMPTLY SATISFI$ - 9 ANO!R VILLAGE1 ETC4 ,H[EV]1 ! B& ON ! #i & #a WAS ALWAYS CONFRONT$ BY SOLDI]S 9 O!R VILLAGES4 ,ON ONE ( !SE NIM1 BUT ! D>KNESS ( NIE USELESS1 ! P[D] ALL WET1 & !Y DELIB]ATE :E!R TO DISP]SE OR TO KEEP TOGE!R4 ,DISP]S$1 NE>LY ALL W\LD BE HELPLESS1 NOT KN[+ ! LOCAL DIALECT & TOPOGRAPHY4 ,TWO LEAVE1 BUT >E >RE/$ ALSO4 ,! #bf RETURN TO A F>M1 ! ,NASS]IA ,CACCETTA1 ?REE MILES FROM ,LET9O & A PEASANT D5\NC$ !M TO ! SOLDI]S :O >RIVE BY SURPRISE 7NIRE/ #bc 9 A DEF5SELESS /ATE1 #b O!RS NE> BY & ONE AT ,NAPLES4 ,:5 WRIT+ ! LETT] 9 #ahgg ,MALATE/A EXPECT$ A QUICK TRIAL1 ! OCCASION ( GOOD PROPAG&A WORK4 ,BUT SIXTE5 LONG MON?S ( PRISON W]E BE=E !M4 #bf 9T]NATIONALI/S W]E 9 ! ,C>C]I GIUDIZI>IE ( ,SANTA ,M>IA ,CAPUA ,VET]E4 ,MALATE/A'S ONLY *ANCE FROM ?AT TIME H5CE TO PASS SOME TIME 9 HIS NATIVE T[N4 #h W]E KEPT AT ,B5EV5TO1 LAT] ,CAS]TA4 ,/EPNIAK FROM ?IS GR\P WAS TRANSF]R$ TO ,SANTO ,M>IA & AT ! 5D ( ! YE> WAS EXPELL$ FROM ,ITALY2 HE HAD ,M>X1 ,COMTE & ,F]R>I'S BOOKS S5T TO HIM4 ,! B& WAS *E]FUL & ON ,AUGU/ #be S5T CR$5TIALS TO ,CO/A = ! ,V]VI]S ,CONGRESS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL SIGN$ BY ALL !IR NAMES AS SECTIONS ( ,M\NT ,MATESE 7PUBLI%$ 9 0,LA ,AN>*IA10 ,NAPLES #b#b1 #a#h#g#g74 ,! ACT ( ACCUSATION IS DAT$ ,SEPTEMB] #b#a1 ! C\RT PRON\NC$ UPON IT ON ,DECEMB] #c4 ,!N ! K+ DI$ & A G5]AL POLITICAL AMNE/Y WAS GRANT$ BY ! ,CRISPI M9I/RY 9 ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#h#g#h4 ,BUT S9CE A G5D>ME HAD DI$ ( W\NDS RECEIV$ FROM ! %OTS EX*ANG$ ON ,APRIL #e NE> ,/EPNIAK'S H\SE ON ! \TSKIRTS ( ,SAN ,LUPO1 ! OP9ION ( ! C\RT WAS DIVID$ AS TO :E!R ! AMNE/Y COV]$ ?IS HOMICIDE4 ,JU/ ! REACTION>IES AMONG ! JUDGES :O /ILL ADH]$ TO ! ,B\RBONS1 EXPRESS$ ! OP9ION ?AT ?IS HOMICIDE WAS A POLITICAL ACT & NOT AN ORD9>Y CRIME - O!RWISE ,G>IBALDI W\LD ALSO BE A MURD]]1 S9CE FACTS LIKE !SE OCCUR 9 EV]Y POLITICAL MOVEM5T4 ,IT WAS RESOLV$ ?AT ! JURY WAS TO DECIDE2 !Y W\LD FIR/ BE ASK$3 GUILTY OR NOT ( KILL+ ! G5D>ME2 IF GUILTY1 SECOND QUE/ION3 :E!R ?IS ACT WAS CONNECT$ OR NOT ) ! 9SURRECTION2 IF CONNECT$1 ! AMNE/Y W\LD COV] IT4 ,9 ,APRIL #ah< !Y W]E REMOV$ TO ! PRISON ( ,B5EV5TO & TRI$ !RE 9 ,AUGU/4 ,! G5]AL FEEL+ WAS ONE ( 9DIGNATION AGA9/ ?IS TAMP]+ ) ! AMNE/Y & ?\< ! FIR+ AT ! G5D>ME WAS ADMITT$1 ! JURY BR\RAY$ = ! DEF5SE WE F9D ,DR4 ,S4 ,M]L9O :O WAS FROM AB\T ?AT TIME = MANY YE>S ONE ( ! MO/ ACTIVE COMRADES1 %>+ ,MALATE/A'S ,LONDON EXILE4 ,AFT] HIS LIB]ATION 7AN OLD COMRADE TELLS ME7 ,MALATE/A CAME TO ,SANTO ,M>IA :]E HIS P>5TS HAD LEFT SOME PROP]TY1 H\SES :]E POOR PEOPLE DWELL$4 ,!SE W]E QUITE HAPPY & A/ONI%$ :5 HE SIGN$ CESSIONS ( HIS PROP]TY )\T CLAIM+ ANY MONEY = !M4 ,HE /AY$ = AB\T A MON? AT ,NAPLES & !N LEFT ,ITALY = ,EGYPT 7AB\T ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#g#h874 ,I IGNORE :E!R IT WAS TO TAKE SOME RE/1 = LIFE 9 ,ITALY WAS MADE MORE UNBE>ABLE TO ,9T]NATIONALI/S ?AN EV] & HE W\LD HAVE BE5 EXPOS$ TO >BITR>Y >RE/ UPON ANY OCCASION & P]HAPS TO DOMICILIO COATTO 79T]NM5T74 ,HE HAD SOME EXP]I5CE ( ALL ?IS ABROAD ALSO & IT TOOK NE>LY FIVE YE>S BE=E HE C\LD 5T] ,NAPLES AGA94 ,MALATE/A WAS ONLY A %ORT TIME 9 ,ALEX&RIA1 ,EGYPT1 :]E A V]Y L>GE ,ITALIAN COLONY EXI/S1 :5 9 ,ITALY ,PASSAMANTE MADE AN ATTEMPT ON ! LIFE ( ,K+ ,UMB]TO :I* L$ TO A RECRUDESC5CE ( P]SECUTIONS ALL OV] ,ITALY FROM :I* HE W\LD NOT HAVE ESCAP$1 IF HE HAD CONT9U$ TO /AY !RE4 ,AS IT WAS IT DROVE HIM EV5 FROM ,EGYPT4 ,A PATRIOTIC MEET+ ( PROTE/ WAS CALL$ & A MANIFE/ATION BE=E ! CONSUL> (FICE TO *E] ,PASSAMANTE WAS UND] PREP>ATION4 ,BUT BE=E ?IS ALREADY ,MALATE/A1 ,ALV9A & ,P>9I W]E >RE/$4 ,P>9I1 FROM ,LES ALSO ,ALV9A7 W]E PLAC$ ON A %IP & S5T TO ,BEYR\?1 ,SYRIA4 ,HE DID NOT WI% TO LEAVE ! %IP1 BUT ! CAPTA9 HAD ORD]S TO LEAVE HIM !RE4 ,:AT NEXT8 ,HE \ILY & DEM&$ >RE/ OR TO BE S5T TO ,ITALY1 ?\< HE KNEW ?AT HE W\LD BE >RE/$ !RE4 ,! CONSUL HAD ALSO ORD]S TO PREV5T HIM FROM RETURN+ TO ,ITALY4 ,MALATE/A1 SUGGE/$ ,CYPRESS4 ,NO1 !RE >E ! ,5GLI% :O W\LD AT ONCE SET Y\ FREE2 ?AT'S IMPOSSIBLE4 ,F9ALLY ,SMYRNA WAS AGRE$ UPON4 ,?IS WILL ANNOY ! CONSUL !RE1 ,MALATE/A SAYS2 NEV] M9D ?AT1 REPLIES ! ,BEYR\? CONSUL4 ,MEAN:ILE ,MALATE/A & ,ALV9O 7:O HAD JO9$ HIM FROM ,JAFFA7 MET ! CAPTA9 ( A ,FR5* %IP 0,LA ,PROV5CE10 AN HONE/ MAN :O AGRE$ TO L& !M 9 ,FRANCE2 ! %IP CALL$ 9 MANY PORTS & !Y W\LD HELP TO UNLOAD4 ,9 ?IS %IP !Y >RIV$ AT ,SMYRNA :]E ! CONSUL> AG5T DEM&$ ! TWO ,ITALIANS TO BE GIV5 UP & ! CAPTA9 REFUS$4 ,HE MADE ONLY A %ORT /AY AT ,CA/ELLAM>E1 NE> ,NAPLES1 & S5T ! LOCAL POLICE AWAY4 ,AT ,LEK$ AT ,M>SEILLE :]E ,ALV9O REMA9$ :IL/ ,MALATE/A PROCE$$ TO ,G5EVA4 ,H]E HIS LONG LIE 9 EXILE REALLY BEG9S 75D ( #ah< OR BEG9N+ ( #a#h#g#i74 ,UP TIL !N WE SEE HIM LESS ?AN O!RS ATTRACT$ BY A ROV+ 9T]NATIONALI/ LIFE2 FROM ALL TRAVELS HE SOON RETURNS TO ,NAPLES & IS BUSY !RE & HE W\LD HAVE CONT9U$ TO WORK 9 ,ITALY1 IF IT HAD BE5 POSSIBLE AT ALL4 ,9 FACT HE DOES SO :5EV] HE CAN1 9 #a#h#h#c1 #a#h#h#g1 #a#i#a#c1 #a#i#a#i4 ,! ,EGYPTIAN & ,SYRIAN EPISODE %[S ?AT FROM ! V]Y FIR/1 :5 HE RETURNS TO LIFE AGA9 AFT] SIXTE5 MON?S ( PRISON & AN ACQUITTAL - UP TILL !N1 AS F> AS ,I CAN SEE1 HE HAD SP5T ?REE YE>S 9 PRISON & HAD NEV] BE5 CONDEMN$ BY ! S5T5CE ( ANY C\RT ( LAW - HE IS HAUNT$ D[N & EXILE IS =C$ UPON HIM4 "9 "9 "9 "9 "9 ,AT ! TIME ( ,MALATE/A'S >RIVAL 9 ,G5EVA ! MOVEM5T ABROAD :I* HE HAD LA/ SE5 AT ! ,B]NE CONGRESS 7#a#h#g#f7 HAD ALSO UND]GONE V>I\S *ANGES4 ,BUT ,I WILL ONLY M5TION ! DECL9E ( ! ,JURA AS AN 9T]NATIONAL C5T]4 ,H]E ,JAMES ,GUILLAUME HAD RETIR$ TO ,P>IS 7SPR+ ( #a#h#g#h71 AFT] ! 0,BULLET90 ALSO ! 0,AVANT-,GU>DE0 HAD DISAPPE>$ & ,BR\SSE WAS EXPELL$ FROM ,SWITZ]L& 7AUTUMN #a#h#g#h74 ,! LOCAL ACTIVE MEMB]S W]E S+L$ \T BY ! EMPLOY]S & GIV5 NO WORK1 NOR C\LD !IR COOP]ATIVE ASSOCIATION /& AGA9/ ?IS PRESSURE4 ,9 ,G5EVA ANO!R GR\P1 MA9LY ,RUSSIANS & ,FR5* WORK$ DUR+ !SE YE>S1 PUBLI%+ ! ,RABOTNIK & ! ,TRAVAILLEUR2 ,ELISEE ,RECLUS WAS ) !M4 ,!N !RE WAS ! SMALL ADVANC$ ,FR5* GR\P ( ,P]R>E1 ,DUM>!RAY & O!RS & SOME LOCAL ,SWISS COMRADES LIKE ,G4 ,H]ZIG4 ,FROM ALL !SE MAT]IALS1 SOME FRE%1 SOME EXHAU/$1 ,KROPOTK9 9DEFATIGABLY BUILT UP ! 0,REVOLTE0 & ! PUBLI%+ C5T] CALL$ ,IMPRIM]IE JURASSI5NE4 ,! 0,REVOLTE0 WAS FIR/ PUBLI%$ ON ,FEB4 #b#b1 #a#h#g#i1 :5 ,MALATE/A WAS 9 ,G5EVA & ! LATT] REMEMB]S HAV+ ASSI/$ AT PREP>ATORY MEET+S4 ,KROPOTK9 HIMSELF TELLS H[ HE & ! COMRADES ( ! ,G5EVA SECTION MET 9 A SMALL CAFE :5 ! FIR/ NUMB] ( ! ',REVOLTE' HAD COME \T .<#b1 COPIES.>4 0,T*]KESOV & ,MALATE/A L5T US A H& & ,T*]KESOV 9/RUCT$ US 9 ! >T ( FOLD+ A PAP]0 7,TEMPS N\VEAUX1 ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#d74 ,CAFI]O WAS 9 ,P>IS S9CE HIS LIB]ATION AFT] ! ,B5EV5TO TRIAL2 AFT] HIS EXPULSION 9 ! LATT] P>T ( #ahgi OR 9 #ahh HE W5T TO ,G5EVA & ( C\RSE MET ,KROPOTK9 !RE4 ,IF !IR RELATIONS W]E ALWAYS FRI5DLY1 IT IS ABSURD TO EXPECT ?AT !Y %\LD AGREE UPON EV]Y?+ & !RE IS NO REASON TO GLIDE OV] NUANCES BY SMOO? UNI=MITY ( DESCRIPTION4 ,KROPOTK9 US$ TO TELL ?AT HE FELT ?AT ! ',REVOLTE' WAS NOT CONSID]$ !N A SUFFICI5TLY ADVANC$ PAP] BY ,CAFI]O & ,COVELLI & HE REM>K$ ?AT ) ONE EXCEPTION NEI!R !SE NOR ,MALATE/A !N WROTE 9 ?AT PAP]4 ,! S+LE EXCEPTION WAS A V]Y /RONG >TICLE :I* ,CAFI]O H&$ TO HIM1 AS HE FANCI$1 AS A K9D ( *ALL5GE1 QUE/ION+ :E!R HE W\LD D>E TO PR9T IT4 ,HE PUBLI%$ IT & LAT] F\ND ?AT PRECISELY ?IS >TICLE1 ATTRIBUT$ TO HIMSELF1 WAS GIV5 AS ONE ( ! REASONS = HIS EXPULSION FROM ,SWITZ]L&4 ,CAFI]O WAS NOT AW>E ( ?IS & ,KROPOTK9 NEV] M5TION$ ! FACT4 ,MALATE/A TOGE!R ) ,G9NASI1 ,M]CATELLE1 ,SOLI]I & ,CAJADIO1 WAS SOON EXPELL$ FROM ! CANTON ( ,G5EVA2 ! ',REVOLTE' ( ,APRIL #h1 #a#h#g#i1 REPORT+ ?IS1 /AT$ ?AT NO REASONS W]E GIV5 TO !M BY CANTONAL AU?ORITIES BUT ?AT ! ,ITALIAN GOV]NM5T HAD DESCRIB$ !M AS 0CRIM9ALS0 7MALFATTORI74 ,FRANCESCO ,CONTE ,G9NASI 7#a#h YE>S FROM ,IMOLA7 IS ?US DESCRIB$ 9 ! ACT ( ACCUSATION AGA9/ ! ,B5EV5TO B& 7,SEPTEMB] #a#h#g#g71 ,VITO ,SOLI]I 7FROM ,TRAS9ETTO1 ,IMOLA1 BORN 9 #a#h#e#h7 WAS AMONG ! >RE/$ FROM ,IMOLA 9 ,AUGU/ #a#h#g#d2 HE IS 9 ,LONDON 9 #ahha & LAT] ONE ( ! $ITORS ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,GRIDO DEGLI ,OPPRESSI ( #a#h#i#b4 ,! ,G5EVA AU?ORITIES DEVIS$ !SE CANTONAL EXPULSIONS 7SEE ,REVOLTE1 ,M>* #e1 #a#h#h#a71 BUT ! ,F$]AL ,C\NCIL EXPELL$ ,DANESSI AS ! PR9T] ( A PO/]1 DAT$ ,ITALIA1 #ad M>ZO #a#h#g#i1 PROTE/+ AGA9/ ,PASSAMANTE'S EXECUTION & 9 CONNECTION ) ?IS AFFAIR ORD]$ ! POLICE TO LOOK = ,C]CATELLI1 ,MALATE/A1 ,G9NESI1 ,SOLI]I & ,CAV9O :O W]E TO BE EXPELL$ FROM ,SWITZ]L& :5 MET )4 ,!Y W]E NEV] F\ND1 AT LEA/ ,MALATE/A HAD NO IDEA !N ?AT HE WAS ACTUALLY EXPELL$ & WAS ASSUR$ UPON HIS QUE/ION 9 #ahha BY A ,G5EVA COMRADE ?AT HE WAS NOT4 ,HE W5T TO ,ROMANIA1 TO A COMM]CIAL T[N1 ,BRAILA OR ,GALATZ1 ,I BELIEVE1 EI!R ) COMRADES OR MEET+ FRI5DS !RE4 ,?IS J\RNEY MAY HAVE HAD QUITE PRIVATE REASONS1 SIMPLY TO USE AN OCCASION TO MAKE HIS LIV+ !RE4 ,IF HE HAD /AY$ !RE LONG]1 HE C\LD HAVE HELP$ ! BEG9N+ ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T :I* WAS BE+ BUILT UP JU/ !N MA9LY BY M5 ) ,AN>*I/ OR ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS OR SYMPA?IES4 ,BUT !SE SMALL BEG9N+S MAY HAVE ALTOGE!R ESCAP$ FROM HIS ATT5TION4 ,HE TOLD ME ?AT HE WAS ILL ( FEV] !RE & LEFT = ,P>IS1 :]E HE MET ,CAFI]O 7#a#h#g#i74 ,HE WORK$ !RE AS A ME*ANIC4 ,AFT] SOME TIME HE & ,CAFI]O W]E EXPELL$2 ,CAFI]O W5T TO ,SWITZ]L&4 ,MALATE/A US$ ! FIVE DAYS' DELAY TO GO TO LIVE 9 ANO!R QU>T]4 ,HE WAS NEXT >RE/$ AT ! MANIFE/ATION ( ,M>* #a#h1 #a#h#h1 & !N EXPELL$ UND] ! NAME ( ,FRITZ ,ROB]T1 A ,JURASSIAN COMRADE :OSE PASSPORT HE HAD 9 HIS POSSESSION4 "9 "9 "9 "9 "9 ,! ,P>IS MOVEM5T WAS BRISKLY REVIV+ !N AFT] ALL ! YE>S ( 5=C$ SIL5CE FOLL[+ ! BLOODY REPRESSION ( ! ,COMMUNE ( #a#h#g#a4 ,! TRANSPORT$ ,COMMUNALI/S FROM ,NEW ,CAL$ONIA W]E RETURN+2 ! LA/ PHASE ( ,BLANQUI BEGAN1 FROM ! ELECTIONS ( PROTE/1 TO LIB]ATE HIM FROM PRISON - ! PROTOTYPE ( ! ,CIPRIANI ELECTIONS 9 ! ,ROMANGA A FEW YE>S LAT] - TO HIS LA/ PAP] CALL$ 0,NO ,GOD1 ,NO ,MA/]0 7,NI ,DIEU NI ,MAITRE72 EV5 ! ,M>XI/S1 !N CALL$ ,GUESDI/S1 ( ! 0,EGALITE10 MIX$ A LITTLE ) ! MORE ADVANC$ GR\PS1 & ,AN>*ISM WAS FIR/ OP5LY PROPAGAT$ 9 ,P>IS & 5?USIA/ICALLY ACCEPT$ BY GR\PS ( WORK]S MIX$ ) /UD5TS2 SOON ! VOICE ( ,L\ISE ,MI*EL1 RETURN+ FROM TRANSPORTATION1 WAS HE>D AGA9 & 9 ! ,LYONS REGION1 REA*$ BY !SE VOICES FROM ,P>IS & ?OSE ( ,ELISEE ,RECLUS & ,KROPOTK9 FROM ,CL>5S & ,G5EVA1 ,AN>*ISM MADE RAPID PROGRESS4 ,( C\RSE ! POLICE /IRR$1 WE$+ \T ! =EIGN REVOLUTIONI/S BY EXPULSIONS 7:I* DROVE MANY TO ,LONDON1 AMONG O!RS ?OSE ,G]NMANS & O!RS :O !N HELP$ TO MAKE ,JOHANN ,MO/'S 0,FREIHEIT0 AN ,AN>*I/ PAP]71 ASSAULT+ MEET+S OR PROCESSIONS & EV5 SUPPORT+ AN ,AN>*I/ PAP] TO GIVE A /&+ TO !IR SPIES & TO PROVOKE \TRAGES AS ! *IEF ( ! POLICE ,L4 ,&RIEUX TOLD 9 FULL 9 HIS ,RECOLLECTIONS 7#a#h#h#e74 ,MALATE/A SAW ONLY ! E>LI] P>T ( ?IS MOVEM5T4 ,DID HE MEET ,JEAN ,GRAVE & ,LUCI5 ,GU]9EAU !N :O DATE FROM !SE YE>S1 ! GR\P 9 ! RUE ,PASCAL8 ,9 ANY CASE HE BECAME FRI5DS = LIFE !N ) ,V4 ,T*]KESOV1 ! ,GEORGIAN ,AN>*I/1 Y\NG 9 SPIRIT & DISPOSITION & OLD 9 E>LY RECOLLECTIONS S9CE HE GREW UP ASIDE ( ! ,T%UT9 GR\P FROM :I* CAME ,K>AKAZOV1 ! TS>ICIDE ( #a#h#f#f1 PASS$ ?R\< ! :OLE ,NET*AEV MOVEM5T & TRIAL & YE>S ( ,SIB]IA2 9 ,P>IS & ,SWITZ]L& HE 5JOY$ SOME YE>S !N ( LIFE AMONG COMRADES1 PASS+ YE>S 9 ! EA/ AFT]W>DS & SETTL+ 9 ,LONDON 9 #a#h#i#b1 FROM :I* TIME HE WAS P]HAPS ! NE>E/ OLD 9T]NATIONAL COMRADE ( ,MALATE/A 9 ,LONDON4 ,CAFI]O & ,MALATE/A ALSO SOMETIMES VISIT$ ,JAMES ,GUILLAUME 7#a#h#g#i71 :O !N HAD IMPOS$ UPON HIMSELF SU* RIGID RULES ( ABSOLUTE RETIREM5T FROM ! MOVEM5T 7:I* HE RE5T]$ #be YE>S AFT]1 #a#i#c7 ?AT HE W\LD HAVE PREF]R$ NOT TO SEE !SE RULES BROK5 BY SU* VISITS4 ,HE WANT$ TO DO ! ?+ ?OR\IS = PURPOSES ( WORK & /UDY & TO BE LET ALONE BY ! POLICE AT ! PRICE ( SU* AB/5TION FROM HIS =M] ACTIVITY4 ,IT WAS AMUS+ TO HE> HIM DESCRIBE ! LATE VISITS ( ! TWO ROMANTIC ,ITALIANS :O ATTA*$ SOME ATT5TION 9 HIS N[ QUITE RESPECTABLE SURR\ND+S4 ,AFT] HIS >RE/1 EXPULSION & FIR/ DEP>TURE FROM ,LONDON 7,M>*1 #a#h#h7 ,MALATE/A APPE>S TO HAVE PASS$ SOME TIME 9 ,BRUSSELS1 AT LEA/ TWO LETT]S DAT$ ,BRUSSELS1 ,APRIL #ah & #b#e1 >E PR9T$ 9 ! 0,REVOLTE0 ( ,MAY #a1 #a#h#h4 ,AT ?AT TIME ,JOSE ,MESA1 ONE ( ! FEW ,SPANI>DS :O LIKE ,F4 ,MORA1 ,PABLO ,IGLESIAS1 ETC41 COOP]AT$ ) ,LAF>GUE1 ,5GLES & ,M>X TO 9TRODUCE POLITICAL ,SOCIALISM 9 ,SPA9 & TO VILIFY ! ,AN>*I/ ,9T]NATIONAL ( ?AT C\NTRY4 ,MESA !N ONCE MORE SL&]$ ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTIONI/S 9 ,JULES ,GUESDE'S 0,EGALITE02 A REPLY ( ! ,SPANI% ,F$]AL ,COMMISSION 7PR9T$ 9 ! 0,REVOLTE10 ,APRIL #c7 WAS NOT 9S]T$1 BUT ,MESA WAS ALL[$ TO PUBLI% NEW 9SULTS 7,APRIL #a#d74 ,MALATE/A !N DEM&$ ( ,JULES ,GUESDE ! PUBLICATION ( ! ,SPANI% REPLY1 ( A REPLY BY HIMSELF OR A SETTLEM5T BY DUEL4 ,P$RO ,]IZ & ,JOSE ,VALLV]DA ON HIS P>T MET ,JOHN ,LABUSQUI]E & ,VICTOR ,M>\CK ON ,GUESDE'S P>T & - ! PROCESS V]BAL IS PR9T$ 9 ! 0,REVOLTE0 ,MAY #a - ,GUESDE DECL>$ HIMSELF READY TO PUBLI% ,MALATE/A'S REPLY4 ,?IS HE NEV] DID & ,MALATE/A S5T ?IS REPLY 7,APRIL #a#h7 & A LETT] 7,APRIL #b#e7 TO ! 0,REVOLTE0 7,MAY #a71 REGRETT+ TO GIVE ALL ?IS TR\BLE4 ,! LETT] REV9DICATES ! F>-AWAY ,SPANI% COMRADES :O 9 ?OSE DAYS :5 ,MONCASI & ,OT]O W]E G>ROT$ & REVOLUTIONI/S HUNT$ D[N 9 ,SPRA9 AS !Y >E JU/ N[ ONCE MORE1 C\LD NOT PUBLI% !IR NAMES & RELATIONS :I* ,MESA HAD WI%$ TO PROVOKE !M TO DO4 ,MALATE/A1 !IR FRI5D1 AS HE SAYS1 /OOD UP = !M 9 !IR ABS5CE & CLAIM$ ALSO 0HIS P>T ( HONOR & RESPONSIBILITY0 9 ! ,ALLIANCE REVOLUTIONNAIRE SOCIALI/E1 ! REAL OBJECT ( ! ,M>XI/S' IRRESPONSIBLE HATR$4 ,9 ! %ORT SKET* ( ,MALATE/A'S LIFE PUBLI%$ 9 0,FRE$OM0 7,LONDON1 #a#i#b71 ,I COMP\ND$ ,MESA & ,GUESDE ) !IR FRI5D ,LAF>GUE1 :OSE NAME IS NOT M5TION$1 ,I REGRET ?IS SLIP ( MEMORY1 BUT ,LAF>GUE'S & ,MESA'S ATTITUDE W]E ALWAYS ID5TICAL4 ,SOME TIME AFT] ! AMNE/Y 7,JUNE1 #a#h#h7 ,MALATE/A RETURN$ TO ,P>IS1 WAS >RE/$ = LIV+ !RE 9 SPITE ( HIS EXPULSION1 & WAS S5T5C$ TO SIX MON?S 9 PRISON1 R$UC$ TO F\R BY HIS OPTION TO PASS ?IS TIME 9 SOLIT>Y CONF9EM5T4 ,HE WAS KEPT QUITE MIS]ABLY 9 ! ,SANTE & ,ROQUETTE PRISONS & ! ,SOCIALI/ DAILIES1 ,PYAT'S 0,COMMUNE0 & ,GUESDE'S 0,CITOY50 PROTE/$ AGA9/ ?IS TREATM5T 7S4 0,REVOLTE107 ,OCT4 #b1 #a#h#h74 ,HE REMEMB]S ( !SE DAYS ! AMUS+ DETAIL ?AT ON ! DOOR ( ?IS CELL WAS WRITT53 0,]RICO ,MALATE/A DIT ,FRITZ ,ROB]T DE ,SANTA ,M>IA ,CAPUA ,VET]E10 :I* WAS TOO MU* = ! W>D5S :O CALL$ HIM ALT]NATIVELY ,SANTA ,M>IA OR ANY?+ ELSE FROM ?IS LONG /R+ ( NAMES4 ,! REGRETTABLE PO9T IS ?AT ,FRITZ ,ROB] :O HAD L5T ! PASSPORT DI$ SOON1 AN EXCELL5T COMRADE ACCORD+ TO ! 0,REVOLTE0 7,AUGU/ #b1 #a#h#h#a74 ,MALATE/A AFT] ?IS W\LD HAVE BE5 CONT5T TO LIVE 9 ,SWITZ]L& :]E NO EXPULSION HAD BE5 NOTIFI$ TO HIM & HE W5T TO ,LUGANO OP5LY1 ) REGUL> PAP]S4 ,HE WAS >RE/$ ON ,FEBRU>Y #b#a1 #a#h#h#a1 = 5T]+ ,SWITZ]L& :ILE BE+ EXPELL$4 ,IT WAS USELESS TO PROVE ?AT NO ACT ( HIS HAD EV] TR\BL$ EI!R PUBLIC ORD] 9 ,SWITZ]L& OR ! 9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS ( ?AT C\NTRY2 AFT] A =TNIMES4 ,CAFI]O HAD PRESID$ ! ,AN>*I/ ,CONGRESS ( ! ,F$]ATION ( ,UPP] ,ITALY ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 HELD AT ,*IASSO 7,TESS971 ,DECEMB] #e & #f1 #ahh 7S4 0,REVOLTE10 ,FEB4 #e72 :E!R HE & ,MALATE/A !N MET AT ,LUGANO1 ,I IGNORE4 ,ITALIAN REFUGEES MAY HAVE BE5 NUM]\S !N 9 ! ,TESS9 & PRESS LIES AB\T CONSPIRACIES HAT*$ AT ,LUGANO W]E US$ TO DRIVE !M AWAY 7S4 ,REVOLTE10 ,M>* #e74 ,SO ,MALATE/A'S HOPES1 IF HE HAD ANY1 TO LIVE !RE OR TO RE5T] ,ITALY BY & BY1 MU/ HAVE BE5 FRU/RAT$4 ,HE TRAVEL$ TO ,BRUSSELS :]E HE WAS >RE/$ AGA9 & !N P]MITT$ TO LEAVE = ,LONDON1 :]E TWO YE>S & A HALF AFT] LEAV+ ,ITALY HE C\LD AT LA/ LIVE )\T 9T]F]5CE4 ,HE >RIV$ 9 ,M>*1 #a#h#h#a1 & PASS$ !RE A LITTLE OV] TWO YE>S4 "9 "9 "9 "9 "9 ,LONDON SOCIALI/ LIFE WAS 5LIV5$ 9 #ahha BY ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,CONGRESS4 ,IT WAS CONSID]$ USEFUL ?AT ! MANY ADVANC$ P>TIES & GR\PS =M$ \TSIDE ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL & ! REMA9+ ,9T]NATIONALI/S %\LD MEET & DISCUSS IDEAS & ACTION4 ,! CONGRESS SAT ) DOORS CLOS$ & ! DELEGATES' NAMES W]E NEV] PUBLI%$4 ,LONG REPORTS MAY BE F\ND 9 ! 0,REVOLTE0 7,JULY #bc TO ,SEPTEMB] #i1 #a#h#h#a71 9 ! ,LONDON 0,FREIHEIT10 ETC4 ,SOME ( ! MEMB]S >E KN[N3 ,KROPOTK9 & ,G4 ,H]ZIG FROM ,G5EVA1 ,MALATE/A & ,M]L9O1 ,JOHANN ,NEVE1 ! ,G]MAN ,AN>*I/1 ! BE/ COMRADE ( ,MO/ 7:O WAS !N 9 AN ,5GLI% PRISON2 ,NEVE HIMSELF DI$ T5 YE>S LAT] 9 A ,G]MAN P5IT5TI>Y74 ,!RE W]E ! ,5GLI% COMRADES1 :O 9 ?OSE YE>S RESUSCITAT$ ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T BY UNTIR+ /REET CORN] & LEAFLET PROPAG&A2 ,JOSEPH ,LANE IS WOR? TO BE M5TION$ AS ! V]Y S\L ( ?IS WORK4 ,G4 ,BRO*] 9 HIS RECOLLECTIONS ON ,KROPOTK9 7PUBLI%$ BY ,GRAVE1 #a#i#b#a7 REVIVES ! MEMORY ( ?IS CONGRESS & M5TIONS ALSO ! NAMES ( ,L\ISE ,MI*EL1 ,EMILE ,GAUTI]1 ,VICTOR9E ,R\*Y 7( ! ,COMMUNE1 ,BRO*]'S FUTURE WIFE1 D4 #a#i#b#b71 ,*AUVI]E .1 ,MISS ,LECOMTE ( ,BO/ON1 ,T*AIK[SKI1 ETC4 ,MALATE/A WAS OV]:ELM$ ) CR$5TIALS1 BE+ DELEGAT$ BY ! ,TUSCAN ,F$]ATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! ,SOCIALI/S ( ! ,M>*ES1 GR\PS 9 ,TUR9 & ,NAPLES1 ,PAVIA & ,ALESS&RIA1 ,M>SEILLE & ,G5EVA1 & ! ,9T]NATIONALI/S ( ,CON/ANT9OPLE & ,EGYPT 7:I* MEANT GR\PS =M$ AMONG ! MANY ,ITALIANS :OM EMIGRATION OR EXILE SCATT]$ 9 ! LA/74 ,! O!R ,ITALIAN DELEGATE .<,DR4 ,M]L9O.> HAD CR$5TIALS FROM ,ROME & ,NAPLES1 ,CALABRIAN T[NS1 ALSO FROM ,PISA1 ,FABRIANO & ,PAL]MO4 ,MALATE/A'S IDEAS ( ! PURPOSE ( ?IS CONGRESS CAN BE GA!R$ FROM A LETT] ( HIS TO ! ,V]VI]S 0,CRI DU ,PEUPLE10 ! ,BELGIAN ,AN>*I/ PAP]4 ,FROM ,KROPOTK9'S C>EFUL REPORT 9 ! 0,REVOLTE0 IT CAN BE SE5 ?AT HE WAS ONE ( ! V]Y FEW :O HAD BE=E HIS M9D ! CLE> PURPOSE ( >RIV+ AT A PRACTICAL SOLUTION ( ! ORGANIZ+ PROBLEM2 BUT HE HAD UPHILL WORK TO DO & HIS FEEL+S MADE HIM ONCE CRY \T3 WE >E ( AN APPALL+ DOCTR9>ISM4 ,MO/ DELEGATES SEEM$ TO WANT AN ORGANIZATION & DID NOT WANT ONE1 CONSID]+ EV]Y PRACTICAL /EP AS 9T]F]+ ) !IR AUTONOMY4 ,F9ALLY A ,LONDON BUREAU ( ?REE 7& ?REE SUB/ITUTES7 IS APPO9T$1 ! ADDRESS BE+ 0,JOHN ,POOR10 #f ,ROSE ,/REET1 ,SOHO ,SQU>E1 ,W41 ?AT IS ! H\SE ( ! ,ROSE ,/REET ,SOCIALI/ ,CLUB4 ,I HE>D ,KROPOTK9 M5TION ,MALATE/A & ,TRUNK 7A ,G]MAN CAB9ET MAK]1 ( ! ,FREIHEIT GR\P71 LETT]S TO BE S5T TO ,TRUNK - A PRACTICAL MEASURE1 AS ! 0,JOHN ,POOR0 ADDRESS WAS ONLY A TAUNT TO ! GOV]NM5TS4 ,?AT ,MALATE/A1 :O HAD TO LIVE 9 ,LONDON1 WAS APPO9T$ TO ! BUREAU IS EVID5T2 IT IS PROBABLY ?AT ! TWO O!R MEMB]S W]E A ,G]MAN & P]HAPS A ,RUSSIAN4 ,V]Y SOON IT BECAME EVID5T ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS 9 EA* C\NTRY HAD SO MU* ON !IR [N H&S1 W]E EXPOS$ TO SU* LOCAL P]SECUTIONS1 ?AT !RE WAS NO OCCASION TO COMPLICATE MATT]S BY 5T]TA9+ UNNECESS>Y 9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS & ! BUREAU MAY HAVE HAD LITTLE WORK TO DO1 IF ANY?+4 ,GA!R+S ( SU* A K9D >E EXPOS$ TO BE 9FE/$ BY SPIES2 ONE ( ! MO/ IMPUD5T ONES WAS ,S]REAUX1 ! 9DIVIDUAL :I* BY ORD] ( ! ,P>IS POLICE 7,&REIUX7 SUPPORT$ ! ,P>I% ,AN>*I/ PAP] ALREADY ALLUD$ TO4 ,KROPOTK9 ALWAYS SUSPECT$ HIM1 BUT POOR ,CAFI]O GAVE TO ?AT PAP] HIS F9E/ >TICLES 70,REVOLUTION7 & O!RS DID ! SAME4 ,TO ALLAY ! SUSPICIONS ( ,KROPOTK9 ! SPY PRET5D$ TO %[ HIM HIS HAPPY FAMILY LIFE BY 9TRODUC+ HIM TO AN OLD-E/ABLI%$ V5]ABLE AUNT HE HAD 9 ,LONDON4 ,!Y MET AT ! ROOMS ( ?IS AUNT1 :5 ,MALATE/A RECOGNIZ$ ! FURNITURE :I* HE HAD (T5 SE5 9 PASS+ AN OLD %OP2 ?IS PROV$ ?AT ! FURNITURE WAS HIR$ = ! OCCASION1 ! AUNT NO D\BT ALSO1 & ?AT ! MAN WAS A LI>4 ,! PAP] SOON CEAS$ TO BE PUBLI%$1 & F\R YE>S LAT] ,&RIEUX CYNICALLY TOLD ! :OLE /ORY4 ,ANO!R CONGRESS PROPOS$ TO BE HELD 9 ,B>CELONA 9 #a#h#h#d1 !N 9 #a#h#h#e1 NEV] MET4 ,VIOL5T P]SECUTIONS TOOK PLACE 9 A NUMB] ( C\NTRIES & !N PAP]S W]E F\ND$ & HAD A MORE DURABLE EXI/5CE ?AN ! E>LI] PAP]S1 & A CON/ANT DISCUSSION & ELABORATION ( IDEAS TOOK PLACE 9 ?IS =M4 ,9 ,SPA9 ! TWO ,C]TOM5 SOCIALI/A ( ,]NS 7#a#h#h#e7 & ,B>CELONA 7#a#h#h#i71 A K9D ( ,SYMPOSIUM1 REPLAC$ :OLE CONGRESSES4 ,9 ,P>IS 7,SEPTEMB]1 #a#h#h#i71 9 ,*ICAGO & AT ,ZURI* 7#a#h#i#c7 & 9 ,LONDON 7#a#h#i#f7 9T]NATIONAL MEET+S W]E HELD1 =MLESS DISCUSSIONS :I* YET V5TILAT$ MANY IDEAS & MADE COMRADES KN[N TO EA* O!R4 ,ALL ?IS CORRESPOND$ BETT] TO ! BEG9N+ MOD]N ,AN>*I/ SPIRIT :I* RESPECTS ! WORK DONE BY ! OLD ,9T]NATIONAL1 BUT ?9KS ?AT GR[N UP MOVEM5TS CAN N[ F9D !IR WAY UNAID$ BY >TIFICIAL TIES H[EV] LOOSE4 ,! 0,REVOLTE0 ( ,M>* #a1 #a#h#h#b1 CONTA9S AN APPRECIATION ( ,G>IBALDI UPON HIS DEA?1 SIGN$ ,E4,M42 ! >TICLE ,G>IBALDI1 BY ,MALATE/A1 9 ONE ( ! ?REE NUMB]S ( ,LO?ROP ,)+TON'S 0,DEMOCRATIC ,REVIEW0 7,LONDON1 #a#h#h#b7 IS PROBABLY A TRANSLATION ( IT4 ,ON ,M>* #a#c1 #a#h#h#b1 ! DEA? ( ,ALEX&] ,I,I WAS COMMEMORAT$ AT ! ,ROSE ,/REET ,CLUB2 ! SPEAK]S W]E ,K>L ,S*NEIDT & A ,B]L9 SOCIALI/1 ,FRANK ,KITZ1 ( ! BEG9N+ ,5GLI% MOVEM5T2 ,H]B]T ,BURR[S1 ( ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION2 ,MALATE/A & ,KROPOTK9 7S4 0,REVOLTE10 ,M>* #a#h74 ,BUT IT IS EVID5T ?AT ,MALATE/A'S HE>T WAS SET UPON RESUM+ ! /RUGGLE 9 ,ITALY1 :]E ! IDEAL UNITY ( REVOLUTION>Y PURPOSE ( SO MANY YE>S HAD BE5 FRIVOL\SLY BROK5 BY ,CO/A1 BEG9N+ ) ! ADDRESS TO HIS FRI5DS 9 ! ,ROMAGNA ON ,JULY #b#g1 #a#h#g#i4 ,! OLD IDEAS W]E HELD UP AT ,NAPLES 70,GRIDO DELL ,POPOLO071 BY ,EMILIO ,COVELLI'S EXILE PAP] 0,I ,MALFATTORI0 7,G5EVA1 ,MAY #ba TO ,JUNE #b#c1 #a#h#h#a71 ETC42 BUT SOME:AT MORE WAS WANT$1 LOCAL PUBLIC ACTION1 & TO BR+ ?IS AB\T MU/ HAVE BE5 ,MALATE/A'S SET PURPOSE1 RET>D$ P]HAPS BY ! ,CAFI]O TRAG$Y & O!R VICISSITUDES UNKN[N1 BUT REALIZ$ AT LA/ 9 #a#h#h#c4 ,! CIRCUM/ANCES UND] :I* ,MALATE/A RETURN$ TO ,ITALY 9 #ahhc >E NOT KN[N TO ME1 EXCEPT ?AT ! NECESSITY & URG5CY TO MAKE A /& AGA9/ ! DEGRADATION ( ! MOVEM5T BY ,CO/A'S R5EGACY BECAME ALWAYS GREAT] & HIS PRES5CE 9 ,ITALY MORE USEFUL ?AN EV]4 ,CAFI]O WAS IRREM$IABLY M5TALLY D]ANG$2 0,UN=TUNATELY WE CAN NO LONG] D\BT ( A FACT :I* SEV]AL SYMPTOMS MADE US FE> = A LONG TIME1 ( ! M5TAL D]ANGEM5T ( ,C>LO ,CAFI]O10 WRITES ! 0,REVOLTE0 ( ,FEB4 #a#g1 #a#h#h#c1 CONT9U+ BY A F9E DESCRIPTION ( HIS P]SONALITY1 PROBABLY FROM ! P5 ( ,ELISEE ,RECLUS4 ,CO/A HAD 5T]$ P>LIAM5T BY ! ELECTIONS ( ,NOVEMB]1 #a#h#h#b1 BE+ N[ ! MEMB] = ,RAV5NA1 & !SE NEW TACTICS W]E 9FE/+ A P>T ( ! ,SOCIALI/ PRESS4 ,SO ! 0,ILOTO0 ( ,RIM9I HAD >TICLES 9 !IR FAVOR & >TICLES1 BY ,MALATE/A1 AGA9/ !M 70,REVOLTE10 ,MAY #a#b1 #a#h#h#c74 ,A PAP] ON L>GE L9ES TAK+ UP ?IS /RUGGLE WAS NECESS>Y1 & ,MALATE/A AS PR9CIPAL $ITOR & ,TOSCANA1 ,FLOR5CE1 AS LOCALITY W]E BO? WELL *OS54 ,! ,ROMAGNA WAS ,CO/A'S P]SONAL DOMA91 :]E HIS OLD PRE/IGE & PRES5T GR&EUR MADE REASON+ !M IMPRACTICABLE1 BUT ,FLOR5CE WAS NE> 5\< & YET QUITE 9DEP5D5T & FULL ( 9T]NATIONALI/ TRADITIONS4 ,A CIRCUL> ANN\NC$ ! PUBLICATION ( 0,IL ,POPOLO10 A WEEKLY ,COMMUNI/ ,AN>*I/ PAP]1 ON ,MAY #b1 #ahhc 7S4 0,REVOLTE10 ,MAY #a#b74 ,IT WAS SPECIFICALLY PROPOS$ TO COMBAT 0! RE=MI/ & P>LIAM5T>IAN ILLUSIONS :I* CON/ITUTE ! GREATE/ DANG] BY :I* ,SOCIALISM IS M5AC$ TODAY4 ,& S9CE IT IS AN URG5T NE$ = \R P>TY TO ORGANIZE R\ND A NEATLY DEF9$ PROGRAM1 WE %ALL TRY TO DE/ROY ALL D\BLE S5SE & COOP]ATE ) ALL \R 5]GY AT ?IS WORK ( ORGANIZATION4 4 4 40 ,WAS 0,IL ,POPOLO0 PUBLI%$ AT ALL8 ,I ?9K ,I SAW IT QUOT$ 9 ! 0,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE10 & A S+LE ISSUE MAY HAVE COME \T4 ,BUT ! 0,REVOLTE0 ( ,MAY #bf ALREADY TELLS ( ! >RE/S ( ,MALATE/A AT ,FLOR5CE & ?AT ( ,M]L9O AT ,NAPLES1 OBS]V+3 0,! =?COM+ PUBLICATION ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,PAP] ',IL ,POPOLO' DI/URB$ BE=EH& ! REPOSE ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,9/EAD ( HAV+ TO SUPPRESS A PAP]1 !Y CONT5T !MSELVES TO SUPPRESS ITS $ITORS40 ,!Y REMA9$ 9 PRISON1 NO REASONS = !IR >RE/ BE+ GIV5 TO !M 7,JULY #g72 !Y & O!RS1 F9ALLY TRANSPORT$ TO ,ROME1 W]E PROVISIONALLY LIB]AT$ 9 ,NOVEMB]4 ,A /ATEM5T 7,ROME1 ,NOVEMB] #a#a1 #a#h#h#c71 SIGN$ BY ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 ,FRANCESCO ,SAVEIRO ,M]L9O1 ,DOM9ICO ,PAVANI1 ,CAMILLO ,PORNI]1 ,$O>DO ,ROMBALDONI & ,LUIGI ,TRABALZA 7,NOV4 #b#d7 SAYS3 0,AFT] REMA9+ UND] >RE/ = EIGE ( CONSPIR+ AGA9/ ! SECURITY ( ! ,/ATE1 WE W]E PROVISIONALLY LIB]AT$ TO BE *>G$ BE=E A MAGI/RATE ) ! CRIMES ( CRIM9AL ASSOCIATION . & SOME ( US ) PROVOCATIONS TO COMMIT ?IS CRIME4 0,?IS MEANS ?AT !Y CANNOT IMPUTE TO US ANY FACT :I* MAY BE LEGALLY PUNI%$1 \R UNIQUE FAULT BE+ - TO BE ASSOCIAT$ 9 ! HE9\S CRIME ( ,SOCIALISM1 & ?IS MEANS ?AT1 DESPAIR+ UND] SU* CONDITIONS TO F9D A JURY TO CONDEMN US1 \R GOV]NORS HAVE CONFID5CE 9 ! SEV]ITY ( CLOAK$ MAGI/RATES4 4 4 40 ,?IS %[S ?AT LEGALITY IS AB&ON$ 9 ,ITALY1 IF IT EV] EXI/$1 BY ! M5 ( LAWS !MSELVES1 ETC4 ,9 ! 9T]VAL BE=E ! TRIAL ! 0,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE0 BEGAN TO BE PUBLI%$ 75D ( ,DECEMB]74 ,IT WAS 9T]RUPT$ AFT] ! SEV5? ISSUE1 :5 ! PR9T]1 A REPUBLICAN1 REFUS$ TO CONT9UE 70,REVOLTE10 ,M>* #a#f72 LAT] ON ! RESPONSIBLE $ITOR1 ,P4 ,CEC*I1 WAS S5T5C$ TO #ba MON?S ( PRISON & A F9E ( #b1 LIRE1 :I* L$ TO ANO!R 9T]RUPTION 7,JUNE #h1 #b#b1 #a#h#h#d74 ,9 ! SUMM] ,MALATE/A HAD A %>P DEBATE ) ! ,ITALIAN FREEMASONS 7,AUGU/ #c#a74 ,MEAN:ILE ! POLICE C\RT TRIAL TOOK PLACE 9 ,ROME 7,FEBRU>Y1 #a#h#h#d72 NO WITNESSES = ! DEF5SE W]E ADMITT$1 ONLY POLICE 9=MATION1 & ! S5T5CES W]E3 ,M]L9O1 #d YE>S PRISON2 ,MALATE/A & ,PAVANI1 #c YE>S2 ,BIANCANI 7ABS5T71 #b #a_/#b YE>S2 ,PORNI] 7ABS5T7 & ,ROMBALDONI1 #ae MON?S2 ,TRABALZA & ,V5ANZI1 #f MON?S4 ,MALATE/A TOLD !M ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN POLICE DEPORTS TO ,SIB]IA )\T A TRIAL2 ! ,ITALIAN POLICE IS MORE HYPOCRITE1 TAK+ %ELT] BEH9D ! COMPLICITY ( MAGI/RATES 70,REVOLTE10 ,M>* #a#f74 ,9 ! AUTUMN ( #a#h#h#d1 ,MALATE/A & O!R COMRADES W5T TO ,NAPLES1 :]E ! *OL]A HAD TAK5 AL>M+ PROPORTIONS1 & WORK$ 9 ! HOSPITALS4 ,CO/A & O!R ,SOCIALI/S DID ! SAME4 ,TWO ,AN>*I/S1 ,ROCCO ,LOMB>DO1 ! =M] $ITOR ( ! ,TUR9 0,PROXIMUS ,TUNS10 & ,ANTONIO ,VALDRE SUCCUMB$ TO ! EPIDEMY4 ,?OSE :O RETURN$ /AT$ 9 A MANIFE/O ?AT ! REAL CAUSE ( *OL]A WAS MIS]Y & ! REAL REM$Y ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION 7C4 0,REVOLTE10 ,SEPTEMB] #b#h1 ,DEC4 #g1 #a#h#h#d2 ,NOV4 #h1 #a#h#h#e74 ,?AT O!R DISEASE1 ! ,ROMAN C\RT ( APPEALS1 ON ,NOVEMB] #ad ADJ\RN$ !IR DECISION & 9 ,JANU>Y1 #a#h#h#e1 TOOK A YE> ( PRISON (F FROM ,M]L9O 7#c YE>S 9/EAD ( #d71 ACQUITT$ ,TRABALZA & ADD$ = ALL SIX MON?S ( SPECIAL POLICE SUP]VISION4 ,BUT ! ACCUS$ HAD ALL LEFT BY ?IS TIME2 SO ,MALATE/A'S & ,M]L9O'S EXILE MAY HAVE BEGUN AT ! 5D ( #a#h#h#d4 ,!RE WAS ANO!R APPEAL DEF9ITELY REJECT$ ON ,APRIL #a#e1 #a#h#h#e1 & ! S5T5CES W]E TO BE EXECUT$ IMM$IATELY BUT ! ACCUS$ W]E NOT AVAILABLE 7S4 0,REVOLTE10 ,DEC4 #g2 ,FEB4 #a2 ,MAY #a1 #a#h#h#e74 ,TO A PR(ANE READ] ?IS LEGAL PROC$URE SEEMS TO BE SOME:AT MIX$ UP1 /&+ ON ITS HEAD SO TO SPEAK4 ,MALATE/A IS >RE/$ & IMPRISON$ AT ! V]Y BEG9N+1 BE=E HE CAN POSSIBLY HAVE DONE ANY?+2 !N DUR+ ! YE> OR SO ( PROVISIONAL LIB]TY HE IS FREE AS NEV] BE=E TO MAKE ! SPL5DID CAMPAIGN ( ! 0,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE10 ) :I* !Y D>$ NOT TO 9T]F]E BECAUSE ?IS W\LD HAVE )DRAWN HIM FROM ! CLUT*ES ( S]VILE MAGI/RATES & H&$ OV] TO ! DECISION ( A JURY4 ,SO !Y HAD TO /& BY JU/ WAIT+ :E!R HE W\LD *OOSE TO BE AT !IR BECK & CALL = ?REE YE>S MORE PRISON4 ,HE DECID$ NOT TO WA/E HIS LIFE1 ( :I* !Y /OLE SO MANY MON?S ALREADY1 ON !SE PEOPLE & *OSE TO LEAVE4 "9 "9 "9 "9 "9 0,LA ,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE0 WAS REGUL>LY PUBLI%$ FROM ,DEC4 #b#b1 #a#h#h#c1 TO ,AUG4 #c1 #ahhd 7WEEKLY74 ,A COMPLETE SET IS KEPT 9 ! ,BRITI% ,MUSEUM4 ,HAV+ EXAM9$ ?IS YE>S AGO & FROM ! KN[L$GE ( O!R ,ITALIAN ,AN>*I/ PAP]S ( ?AT TIME & BE=E1 ,I CAN SAY ?AT IT IS A REM>KABLY L>GE & WELL MADE PAP] & FULL ( MATT] ?AT IS COM+ 9 FROM ALL P>TS ( ,ITALY4 ,ONE CAN SEE ?AT IT WAS V]Y SOON FELT TO BE ! PR9CIPAL ORGAN ( ! MOVEM5T :I* REVIVES & TAKES BREA? EV]Y:]E4 ,FLOR5CE WAS NE> ! ,ROMANGA & YET QUITE AP>T FROM IT & ABOVE ALL LOCAL 9FLU5CES4 ,! PR9CIPAL OBJECT IS TO FILIAM5T>Y TACTICS :I* ,CO/A HAD BE5 SLYLY 9S9UAT+ S9CE #ahgi UNTIL1 9 #a#h#h#c1 ! MASK HAD FALL5 ALREADY COMPLETELY4 ,AGA9/ ?IS ! ,AN>*I/S RALLY EV]Y:]E & >E DELI+ :I* ,I WILL NOT DISCUSS H]E1 & ANO!R PAMPHLET3 ,PROPAG&A ,SOCIALI/A4 ,FRA CONTAD9I4 ,PUBLICAZIONE DEL GIORNALO 0,LA ,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE0 7,FLOR5CE1 #a#h#h#d1 #fb PP41 9 #a#f'74 ,?IS IS ! FIR/ $ITION ( A PROPAG&A TRACT ( WORLD-WIDE R5[N1 :I* COMRADES ( ALL C\NTRIES KN[ AS ,FRA CONTAD9I OR ,5TRE CAMPES9OS OR ,9TRE T]ANI1 AS ,5TRE ,PAYSANS OR ,A ,TALK ,BETWE5 ,TWO ,WORK]S OR ,GESPREK TUSS*5 TWEE ,BO]5>BEID]S1 & ,NORWEGIAN & ,PORTUGUESE1 ,>M5IAN & ,*9ESE TRANSLATIONS C\LD BE QUOT$4 ,! ,*9ESE $ITION1 PR9T$ 9 ,P>IS AB\T #a#i#h1 BY ! WAY1 IS P]HAPS ! ,AN>*I/ PAMPHLET ( MO/ DIM9UTIVE SIZE ?AT HAS BE5 PR9T$4 ,KROPOTK9'S 0,APPEAL TO ! ,Y\NG0 /&S =EMO/ 9 ! NUMB] ( $ITIONS & TRANSLATIONS1 & PROBABLY 9 CIRCULATION ALSO2 :E!R ?IS 0,APPEAL0 OR ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O W]E MORE FREQU5TLY REPR9T$ & TRANSLAT$1 ,I AM UNABLE TO DECIDE1 BUT ! DIFF]5CE CANNOT BE GREAT4 ,9 /RICTLY ,AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE ,FRA CONTAD9I & ,BAKUN9'S ,GOD & ! ,/ATE NEXT FOLL[ ! ,APPEAL2 ! ,ITALIAN PAMPHLET NECESS>ILY HAS GREAT] CIRCULATION1 BUT ,BAKUN9'S LONG] WORK MAY HAVE BE5 (T5] TRANSLAT$4 ,! TRANSLATION 9 ! 0,REVOLTE0 7#a#h#h#e-#a#h#h#f71 PUBLI%$ E>LY 9 #ahhg AS ,5TRE ,PAYSANS 7,P>IS71 L$ ! WAY2 ! ,5GLI% $ITION APPE>$ 9 ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#h#i#a4 ,BY CIRCUM/ANCES :I* ,I IGNORE & :I* MU* MORE LIKELY W]E PRIVATE OR P]SONAL ?AN ( ANY PUBLIC *>ACT]1 ,MALATE/A & SEV]AL FRI5DS DECID$ TO TRAVEL TO ! ,>G5T9E ,REPUBLIC 7,B4 ,AIRES74 ,HE /AY$ !RE = AB\T F\R YE>S & A HALF1 TILL ! SUMM] ( #a#h#h#i4 ,:E!R AT ANY TIME A P]MAN5T EMIGRATION WAS 9T5D$1 ,I CANNOT SAY4 0,LA ,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE10 ( ,BU5OS ,AIRES1 #a#h#h#e1 ! E>LIE/ ,AN>*I/ PAP] !RE 9 ,ITALIAN1 IS SAID TO HAVE BE5 HIS PAP]4 ,HE HAD EVID5TLY OCCASION !RE TO BECOME P]FECTLY FAMILI> ) ,SPANI% & TO MAKE FRI5DS ) ! LOCAL ,SPANI% SPEAK+ COMRADES4 ,HE MAY NOT HAVE PASS$ ALL !SE YE>S 9 ! CAPITAL & CONFLICTS ) AU?ORITIES W]E NOT MISS+1 ( :I* ,I HE>D HIM TELL AT A FRI5DLY GA!R+ AT ,T*]KESOV'S AB\T ?IS3 HE & O!RS W]E 9 ! F> ,S\?1 & TO GET RID ( !M A CAPTA9 RECEIV$ ! ORD] TO UN%IP !M 9 A NE>BY DES]T PLACE ON ! ,PATAGONIAN COA/4 ,MALATE/A REMON/RAT$1 & TO EMPHASIZE HIS PROTE/ HE JUMP$ 9 ! SEA & DEFI$ ! CAPTA9 TO LEAVE HIM !RE & TO /EAM AWAY4 ,SO ! CAPTA9 HAD TO RESCUE HIM & DID NOT UN%IP !M4 ,:5 A LADY ASK$ H[ HE FELT 9 ! ICY OCEAN1 HE %RUGG$ HIS %\LD]S 9 A WAY ?AT IS PECULI> TO HIM & SAID1 HE WAS 9 SU* A HEAT ( FURY ?AT HE DID NOT FEEL ! COLD AT ALL4 ,9 #ahhh & '#h#i IMMIGRATION 9TO ! ,>G5T9E ,REPUBLIC 9CREAS$ RAPIDLY & UNEMPLOYM5T & /RIKES MADE !IR APPE>ANCE4 ,MALATE/A SEEMS TO HAVE SP5T ?IS P]IOD AT ,BU5O ,AIRES DO+ ACTIVE PROPAG&A2 WE READ 9 ! 0,REVOLTE0 ( ,M>* #b#d1 #a#h#h#i1 ?AT SOME TIME AGO ! COMMISSION] ( POLICE S5T = HIM1 TO TELL HIM ?AT ! POLICE W\LD BE REPRES5T$ AT ALL PUBLIC MEET+S4 ,!Y TRI$ ALSO TO ASSI/ AT PRIVATE 7GR\P7 MEET+S1 BUT DESI/$ :5 9VIT$ TO LEAVE4 ,MEET+S W]E HELD ON ,M>* #ah 7#a#h#h#h71 ON ! OCCASION ( ! FIR/ LOCAL /RIKES1 ETC41 & IT IS PROBABLY ?AT ! MOVEM5T 0,EL ,P]SEGUIDO0 WAS FIR/ ISSU$1 CONT9U$ UNTIL ,JAN4 #c#a1 #a#h#i#g1 ! FIR/ ( ! RAPIDLY DEVELOP+ ACTIVE & NUM]\S PRESS1 CULM9AT+ 9 ! 0,PROTE/A ,HUMANA0 7,JUNE #a#c1 #a#h#i#g71 FOLL[$ BY ! 7DAILY7 0,PROTE/A7 7,APRIL #e1 #a#i#d71 :I* = SO MANY YE>S WEA!RS ALL /ORMS4 ,MALATE/A MAY NOT HAVE WI%$ TO WA/E HIS LIFE SO F> AWAY2 NEWS FROM ,ITALY OR ! G5]AL REVIVAL ( ,SOCIALISM1 JU/ BEG9N+ 9 #ahhi & M>K$ BY ! ,LONDON DOCK /RIKE1 ! FIR/ ( ,MAY 7#a#h#i71 ETC41 MAY HAVE PROMPT$ HIM1 & ! MEANS = A NEW PR9T+ PROPAG&A W]E ALSO AVAILABLE4 ,SO HE RETURN$ TO ,EUROPE1 & 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#h#h#i1 BEGAN TO ISSUE PUBLICATIONS AT ,NICE4 ,AN ,APPELLO 79 ,ITALIAN1 #d PP4 9 #d'7 & A ,CIRCUL> 79 ,SPANI%1 #b PP4 9 #d'7 ANN\NC$ 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#h#h#i1 ! PUBLICATION ( 0,L',ASSOCIAZIONE10 ( :I* ,NOS4 #a-#c W]E PUBLI%$ AT ,NICE 7,OCTOB] #a1 ETC47 & ,NOS4 #d-#g1 UNTIL ,JANU>Y #b#c1 #a#h#i1 9 ,LONDON4 ,FROM ! ,APPEAL1 MA9LY TRANSLAT$ 9 0,LA ,REVOLTE0 ( ,OCTOB] #a#b1 #a#h#h#i1 ! FOLL[+ P>TS >E WOR? GREAT ATT5TION4 ,AFT] EXPOS+ ?AT !Y >E AN>*I/S1 REVOLUTIONI/S1 ?AT !Y REJECT P>LIAM5T>Y ME?ODS & >E COMMUNI/S1 IT IS SAID3 0,BUT 9 ALL !SE MATT]S IT IS NECESS>Y TO DRAW A L9E BETWE5 ?AT :I* IS SCI5TIFICALLY DEMON/RAT$ & ?AT :I* REMA9S AT ! /AGE ( A HYPO!SIS OR A PREVISION2 IT IS NECESS>Y TO DI/+UI% BETWE5 :AT MU/ BE DONE 9 A REVOLUTION>Y WAY1 ?AT IS BY =CE & IMM$IATELY1 & ?AT :I* %ALL BE ! CONSEQU5CE ( FUTURE EVOLUTION & MU/ BE LEFT TO ! FREE 5]GIES ( ALL1 H>MONIZ$ SPONTANE\SLY & GRADUALLY4 ,!RE >E AN>*I/S :O RECOGNIZ$ O!R SOLUTIONS1 O!R FUTURE =MS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 BUT !Y DESIRE LIKE WE \RSELVES ! DE/RUCTION ( POLITICAL P[] & ( 9DIVIDUAL PROP]TY1 !Y DESIRE LIKE WE \RSELVES ! SPONTANE\S REORGANIZATION ( SOCIAL FUNCTIONS )\T DELEGATION ( P[]S & )\T GOV]NM5T1 !Y DESIRE LIKE WE \RSELVES TO /RUGGLE TO ! LA/1 UP TILL ! F9AL VICTORY4 ,!SE >E ALSO \R COMRADES & BRE?R54 ,!RE=E LET US GIVE UP EXCLUSIVISM1 LET US WELL UND]/& EA* O!R AS TO ! WAYS & MEANS & LET US M>* AHEAD40 ,! 0,ASSOCIAZIONE0 IS PUBLI%$ ) 0! 9T5TION TO CON/ITUTE AN 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALI/-AN>*I/-REVOLUTION>Y P>TY ) A COMMON PLAT=M4 ,! MA9 L9ES ( ACTION COMPREH5D 7#a7 PROPAG&A4 4 4 4 4 7#b7 TO PREP>E & PROVOKE >M$ REVOLUTION & TO TAKE A DIRECT1 ACTIVE & P]SONAL P>T 9 IT ) ! PURPOSE ( /RIK+ D[N ! GOV]NM5TS & ( 9DUC+ ! MASSES ( T[N & C\NTRY PEOPLE TO SEIZE & ( 9 COMMON1 IMM$IATELY & )\T WAIT+ = ANYBODY'S ORD]S1 FACTORIES & H\SES1 ! L&1 MA*9]Y1 RAW MAT]IALS1 MEANS ( COMMUNICATION1 ! TOOLS 9 ! POSSESSION ( ! EMPLOY]S --- 9 %ORT1 ALL :I* IS NOT P]SONALLY & USEFULLY UTILIZ$ BY ! PRES5T [N]S4 7#c7 TO COMBAT ALL DELEGATION ( P[]S & TO PREP>E BY PROPAG&A & BY EXAMPLE ! ORGANIZATION ( CONSUMPTION & ! RE/>T+ ( PRODUCTION4 7#d7 TO H9D] BY PROPAG&A & BY =CE ?AT NEW GOV]NM5TS UND] ANY DISGUISE :ATEV] SUP]POSE !IR WILL UPON ?AT ( ! MASS & OB/RUCT ! EVOLUTION ( ! NEW SOCIAL =MS4 ,?IS ,APPEAL1 LITTLE HE$$ UN=TUNATELY1 IS REM>KABLE BY SETT+ UP ! DI/9CTION SO (T5 MIX$ BETWE5 :AT IS CONSID]$ TO BE PROV$ & :AT IS A HYPO!SIS1 BETWE5 ?OSE ?+S UPON :I* WE CAN & 9 FACT MU/ AGREE TODAY & ?OSE :I* ONLY EXP]IM5TATION UND] NEW CONDITIONS1 AFT] ! REVOLUTION1 CAN TEA* US H[ TO SETTLE4 ,:E!R ?IS IDEA & ! DESIRE TO SEE IT SPREAD & REALIZ$ ORIG9AT$ ) ,MALATE/A1 ,I CANNOT SAY2 IT HAD BE5 EXPRESS$ BE=E 7#a#h#h#g7 & HE MU/ HAVE READ ?IS1 BUT HE MAY AS WELL HAVE 9DEP5D5TLY >RIV$ AT ! SAME CONCLUSIONS4 ,= ?IS IDEA WAS B\ND TO BE FELT BY G5]\S & TOL]ANT SPIRITS :5 COLLECTIVI/ & COMMUNI/ AN>*I/S MET AS HAPP5$ AB\T #ahhf 9 ,SPA91 ALSO :5 ,ITALIANS & ,SPANI>DS MET 9 ! ,>G5T9E ,REPUBLIC4 ,9 SU* CASES BO? AN>*I/S W]E CONV9C$ ( ! ECONOMIC BASIS1 COLLECTIVI/ OR COMMUNI/2 SO TWO WAYS WE W]E OP5 --- TO QU>REL TILL ! O!R SIDE WAS CRU%$ & SUBMITT+ OR 0TO AGREE TO DISAGREE10 :I* ,MALATE/A DID 9 ?IS ,APPEAL & ! ,PRODUCTOR ( ,B>CELONA HAD DONE 9 DISCUSS+ ! SUBJECT :5 ! AGGRESSIV5ESS ( ! COMMUNI/ AN>*I/ GR\PS ( ,MADRID & ( ,GRACIA BR\KS ?AT ! QUE/ION ( DI/RIBUTION ( ! FRUITS ( LABOR CANNOT BE SOLV$ BE=E ! TRANS=MATION ( PROP]TY & ! ABOLITION ( GOV]NM5TS2 H5CE HE APPEALS ?AT ?IS QUE/ION BE LEFT ASIDE = EA* GR\P TO BE SETTL$ 9 !IR [N WAY4 ETC4 ,MALATE/A TOOK ! PO9T UP AGA9 9 HIS ,LONDON SPEE* ( ,AUG4 #c1 #a#h#i4 :I* HE HIMSELF RESUM$ 9 ! 0,REVOLTE02 ( ,OCTOB] #d4 ,HE RELEGATES ALL ?IS DIFF]5CE ( ECONOMIC OP9ION TO ! TIME AFT] ! REVOLUTION1 & EV5 !N ?IS DIFF]5CE %\LD ONLY LEAD TO FRAT]NAL EMULATION TO SPREAD ! GREATE/ SOCIAL HAPP9ESS2 :5 EV]YBODY WILL OBS]VE ! RESULTS ( EXP]IM5TATION1 ! QUE/ION :I* NE$ NOT DIVIDE US TODAY WILL HE DECID$4 ,! SAME /&PO9T IS AGA9 TAK5 BY A COMRADE ( ! ---,PRODUCTOR10 WRIT+ 9 ! 0,REVOLTE0 ( ,SEPT4#f & #a#c1 #ahi 7DAT$ ,B>CELONA1 ,AUG4 #g73 ,WE >E AN>*I/S1 WE PREA* AN>*Y )\T AN ADJECTIVE4 ,AN>*Y IS AN AXIOM1 ! ECONOMIC QUE/ION IS A SECOND>Y MATT]4 ,?IS WRIT] ALSO CONTRA/S ,KROPOTK9'S 09DU/RIAL VILLAGE0 7LOCAL PRODUCTION ( EV]Y?+7 & ,MALATE/A'S VIEWS :I* MAY IMPLY ! EX*ANGE ( PRODUCTS BETWE5 L>GE ORGANIZATIONS 9 DIFF]5T P>TS1 ETC4 ,!RE IS NO QUE/ION ?AT ! ,SPANI% EXPON5T ( ?IS IDEA WAS ,T>RIDA DEL ,M>MOL1 :O PROBABLY DISCUSS$ ! SUBJECT ALSO 9 HIS LONG SPEE* AT ! 9T]NATIONAL MEET+S HELD 9 ,P>IS 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#h#h#i1 :]E ,I FIR/ SAW HIM1 & :OM ,I HE>D MORE ?AN ONCE PLEAD = 0AN>*ISM SANS PHRASE01 OR 0AN>*ISM )\T A LABEL40 ,?IS IS NOT ! PLACE TO DISCUSS ?IS SUBJECT ,TOL]ATION \Y OBS]VATION & REATON+4 ,IT IS NOT SO 9 PRACTICE4 = ?OSE :O BELIEVE TO BE 9 POSSESSION ( A TRU? (T5 FEEL !MSELVES OBLIG$ TO PROPAGATE & TOIMPOSE IT BY ALL MEANS & CONSID] TOL]ATION AS LAXITY OR CONNIVANCE ) :AT IS WRONG4 ,I AM GLAD TO SEE ,MALATE/A ON ! SIDE ( TOL]ATION1 9 #ahhi & #ahi AS WELL AS 9 #aib 9 ! V]Y LA/ >TICLES HE WROTE DUR+ ! MON?S PREC$+ HIS LA/ >RE/4 ,LITTLE NOTICE IS USUALLY TAK5 ( ?IS DETAIL :I* TO ME SEEMS ( V]Y GREAT IMPORTANCE = ! FUTURE2 EV]Y?+ T+$ 9 ! SLID1 C\LD NOT HELP TO RESEMBLE ! 0,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE0 BY BE+ AN AMPLE1 WELL->RANG$1 WELL-WRITT5 ORGAN :I* MIE] BE=E IT1 ?\< 9ITIAL MEANS W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO GIVE IT A SOLID F\NDATION2 ITS PUBLIC CIRCULATION 9 ,ITALY W\LD BE H9D]$ BY ! POLICE1 & IT W\LD TAKE SOME TIME TO MAKE IT KN[N TO ALL ! SCATT]$ ,ITALIAN COLONIES & GR\PS ABROAD4 ,:ATEV] MI BACK AS #a#h#g#b1 /ILL CONT9U$ HIS TRADE1 & HIS LATE/ TRICK WAS ?IS3 ,COMRADES1 MA9LY Y\NG] ONES & SU* :O W]E DISPOS$ TO ACTION 9VOLV+ RISKS1 W\LD RECEIVE LETT]S 9DUC+ !M TO CORRESPOND ) 0,ANGELO ,AZZATI10 AN 9DIVIDUAL PRET5D+ TO RUN SO GREAT RISKS ?AT NOBODY MU/ SEE HIM & :OSE 0ADDRESS0 WAS3 ,G5EVA1 LETT]S TO BE CALL$ = AT ! PO/ (FICE4 ,9 ?IS WAY ! SECRETS ( SOME ,ITALIAN & ,FR5* AN>*I/S W]E WORM$ \T ( !M & VICTIMS W]E MADE4 ,T]ZAE ( ,MALATE/A'S PRES5CE :O1 BE+ EXPELL$ FROM ,FRANCE T5 YE>S AGO1 JU/ HAD ! GOOD LUCK TO MAKE HIS WAY UNH>M$ TO ,LONDON1 :]E HE >RIV$ AB\T ! 5D ( ,OCTOB]1 #a#h#h#i1 TO /AY !RE = ABOVE SEV5 YE>S ?IS TIME4 ,BUT MEANS W]E F\ND TO PUBLI% A S]IES ( PAMPHLETS1 ! 0,BIBLIOTECA DELL' ,ASSOCIAZIONE10 CONTA9+ ! FOLL[+ BY ,MALATE/A3 ,LA POLITICA P>LAM5T>E NEL MOVIM5TO SOCIALI/A .<,P>LIAM5T>Y ,POLITICS 9 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,MOVEM5T.>3 ,9 TEMPO DI ELEZIONI4 ,DIALOGO .<,AT ,ELECTION ,TIME2 A ,DIALOGUE.>2 A REPR9T ( ,FRA ,CONTAD9E2 ,L',AN>*IA4 ,NO #d ( ! S]IES IS ,UN AN>*ICO $ UN REPUBLICANO1 BY ,EMILIO ,SIVI]I4 ,! ?REE PAMPHLETS BY ,MALATE/A >E (T5 TRANSLAT$2 ! BE/ KN[N IS ,AN>*Y4 ,! 9T]NATIONAL ,MAY ,DAY DEMON/RATION ( #ahi HAD %[N A SURPRIS+ AM\NT ( POPUL> 9T]E/ 9 LABOR MATT]S1 BUT ALSO ! ABS5CE ( REVOLUTION>Y 9ITIATIVE & ! GR[+ 5SLAVEM5T ( ! MASSES TO P>LIAM5T>Y TACTICS4 ,?AT /RUGGLE TO GET 9 CONTACT ) ! MASSES BY JO9+ SYNDICALI/ ORGANIZATIONS1 :I* 9 O!R C\NTRIES BEGAN BUT FIVE OR SIX YE>S LAT]1 WAS IMM$IATELY TAK5 UP 9 ,ITALY1 ) ,MALATE/A'S HELP1 & AN AB/5TIONI/ CAMPAIGN DUR+ ! ELECTIONS 9 ,OCTOB]2 CONF]5CES & DI/RICT CONGRESSES W]E =MS ( ACTIVITY :I* L$ UP TO ! CONVOCATION ( A G5]AL CONGRESS TO BE HELD AT ,LUGANO1 ,JANU>Y #a#a1 #a#h#i#a1 :ILE 9 REALITY 7AS TOLD 9 0,FRE$OM10 ,M>*1 #ahia 7 A SECRET CIRCUL> FIX$ IT = ! #d? AT ,CAPOLAGO 79 ,SWITZ]L&1 CLOSE TO ! FRONTI]74 ,!SE >RANGEM5TS BAFFL$ ! ,ITALIAN & ,SWISS POLICE :O VA9LY LOOK$ \T AT ,LUGANO AB\T ! ,I,I? TO CAT* ! EXPELL$ ,MALATE/A1 & ! CONGRESS ( #hf DELEGATES1 PRESID$1 IT IS SAID1 BY ,MALATE/A & ,CIPRIANI1 WAS HELD )\T 9T]RUPTION4 ,! ,ITALIAN ,F$]ATION ( ! SOCIALI/-AN>*I/ REVOLUTION>Y P>TY WAS ?US F\ND$4 ,! F9AL AIMS W]E DEF9$ AS 0ORGANIZATION 9 COMMON ( PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION BY MEANS ( FREELY CONCLUD$ CONTRACTS BETWE5 ! ASSOCIAT$ WORK]S & ! FREE F$]ATION ( !IR ASSOCIATIONS40 ,A PROVISIONAL NATIONAL COMMITTEE 7ADDRESS3 ,LUDOVICO ,NABRUZZI1 ,RAV5NA7 WAS TO URGE ! SPE$Y CONVOCATION ( DI/RICT CONGRESSES :I* W\LD APPO9T CORRESPOND+ COMMITTEES = EA* DI/RICT2 AFT] ?IS ! NATIONAL COMMITTEE W\LD CEASE TO EXI/4 ,SU* CONGRESSES W]E SOON HELD 9 ! ,ROMAGNA & 9 ,TUSCANY4 ,I AB/A9 FROM FUR!R DESCRIB+ ! CONGRESS1 ! PROCE$+S ( :I* SEEM NOT TO HAVE BE5 PUBLI%$ 9 DETAIL4 ,BUT IT IS EASY TO SEE ?AT TWO CURR5TS ( P]HAPS RA!R EQUAL /R5G? HAD MET & ?AT ! RESOLUTIONS1 :ILE NOT 9 CONTRADICTION ) AN>*ISM1 YET /ROVE TO PROPITIATE ! FEEL+S ( ! O!R CURR5T1 ?AT ( 0REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALISM0 ( ! ,CIPRIANI OR ,ROMAGNA TYPE1 EMBODY+ RA!R ! FEEL+S ?AN ! IDEAS ( M5 :O W]E EQUALLY READY = /ORMY ELECTIONS & = VIOL5T ACTION4 ,!Y DID NOT DISLIKE AN>*ISM1 BUT !Y LIK$ O!R APP>5TLY ADVANC$ ACTION AS WELL4 ,NO?+ W\LD HAVE BE5 EASI] = ,MALATE/A ?AN TO KEEP AWAY FROM !M & TO HOLD CONGRESSES ( PICK$ AN>*I/S2 ONLY ?IS WAS NOT WOR? HIS :ILE4 ,HE TRI$ TO UNDO ! CONFUSION CREAT$ BY ,CO/A & O!RS S9CE #a#h#g#i1 & TO MEET ! BE/ ( !SE PEOPLE ON EQUAL T]MS AT ,CAPOLAGO IT WAS MORE PRACTICAL ?AN TO KEEP AWAY FROM !M & TO /AY AT HOME4 ,! ,FIR/ ( ,MAY1 #a#h#i#a1 WAS TO %[ ! EFFICI5CY ( ! NEW MOVEM5T4 ,CIPRIANI UND]TOOK A PROPAG&I/ T\R2 ,MALATE/A RETURN$ TO ,LONDON 7:]E HE SPOKE AT ! ,COMMUNE CELEBRATION74 ,A PAP]1 0,LA ,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE10 ! ORGAN ( ! ,CAPOLAGO CONGRESSI/S1 WAS TO BE PUBLI%$ AT ,ROME 7S4 0,REVOLTE10 ,APRIL #a#h74 ,BUT ! GOV]NM5T BROKE UP ?IS MOVEM5T BY VIOL5T 9T]F]5CE ) ! ,MAY DAY DEMON/RATIONS1 PR9CIPALLY AT ,ROME 7,CIPRIANI & ,PALLA7 & AT ,FLOR5CE1 & ! MON/] TRIAL AT ,ROME FOLL[$1 :]E = MON?S S9CE ,OCTOB] #a#d1 #a#h#i#a1 ,CIPRIANI & MANY O!RS1 ALSO ! ,G]MAN AN>*I/ /UD5T ,KO]N]1 W]E EXHIBIT$ TO ! C\RT 9 A CAGE ) IRON B>S2 9 ,JULY1 #a#h#i#b1 S5T5CES FROM #h TO #be MON?S W]E PRON\NC$ AGA9/ #ci ACCUS$4 ,( ,MALATE/A'S MOVEM5TS 9 ! SUMM] ( #ahia ,I KN[ NO?+2 HE WAS >RE/$ ,JULY #bb AT ,LUGANO :5 0PASS+ ?R\< ,SWITZ]L&0 70,REVOLTE10 ,AUGU/ #h71 ,I IGNORE :E!R ON ! WAY TO ,ITALY OR RETURN+ FROM ?AT C\NTRY4 ,P]HAPS ! LATT]2 = AFT] HE WAS LIB]AT$1 ! 0,REVOLTE0 7,OCTOB] #e7 SAYS3 0,HE BR+S BACK ! MO/ FAVORABLE IMPRESSION ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ,ITALY40 ,! P>ALYZATION BY SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PROPAG&A VANI%ES2 EV5 9 ,LOMB>DY ! ACTIVE Y\NG G5]ATION IS AN>*I/2 9 ! ,ROMAGNA1 9 ,TUSCANY1 EV5 9 ,PIEMONT1 !RE IS A G5]AL REVIVAL4 ,ALL SAY1 IF ! O!RS RISE 9 9SURRECTION1 WE >E READY4 ,! REPUBLICAN WORK]S >E ALMO/ SOCIALI/S & ! LEGALIT>IAN SOCIALI/ WORK]S >E 9 GREAT PROPORTION AN>*I/S4 ,:5 ,MALATE/A WAS >RE/$1 ! LOCAL ,SWISS TRIBUNAL S5T5C$ HIM TO #de DAYS ( PRISON = HAV+ ACT$ AGA9/ ! DECREE ( EXPULSION ( #a#h#g#i4 ,HE CONT9U$ TO BE KEPT 9 PRISON = UP TO ?REE MON?S1 S9CE ! ,ITALIAN GOV]NM5T *OOSE TO DEM& HIS EXTRADITION ON ! SPECI\S >GUM5TATION3 HE WAS ! 9ITIATOR ( ! ,CAPOLAGO CONGRESS --- ?IS CONGRESS .<,JANU>Y1 #a#h#i#a.> ORGANIZ$ ! ,FIR/ ( ,MAY1 #ahia --- ! ,FIR/ ( ,MAY L$ TO CRIM9AL ACTION 9 ,ROME & TO LOOT+ 9 ,FLOR5CE H5CE ,MALATE/A'S MORAL COMPLICITY 9 NONPOLITICAL CRIMES IS PROV$6 ,WE NE$ NOT MU* WOND] AT ?IS REASON+1 S9CE ! LATE PROC$URE AT ,MILAN 7 #a#i#b-#b#a 7 WAS BAS$ ON ! SAME ABSURD CONCOT5ATION ( HET]OG5E SUBJECTS1 & ! SAME TRICK WAS PLAY$ UPON HIM & ,M]L9O 9 #a#h#h#c-#h#d1 :5 !IR P>TICIPATION 9 ! ,LONDON CONGRESS ( #ahha WAS MADE ! />T+ PO9T TO /R+ TOGE!R DISCONNECT$ FACTS 7SEE ,MALATE/A'S LETT] ( ,JULY #a#i1 #a#h#i#a1 PR9T$ 9 ! 0,REVOLTE0 ( ,AUGU/ #h74 ,JU/ AS ANY JURY W\LD REJECT !SE F\L >GUM5TS1 ! ,TESS9 GOV]NM5T & ! ,SWISS ,F$]AL ,C\NCIL REJECT$ !M1 & HE WAS AT LA/ FREE TO DEP>T2 ,SWISS PUBLIC OP9ION HAD ALSO BE5 R\S$ 9 HIS FAVOR BY DEVOT$ COMRADES4 ,A V]Y %ORT TIME AFT] !SE ,SWISS ADV5TURES WE F9D HIM ON A LECTUR+ & PROPAG&A T\R 9 ,SPA91 :]E HIS EXP]I5CE ( ! LANGUAGE ACQUIR$ 9 ,S\? ,AM]ICA MADE HIM QUITE AT HOME4 ,IT WAS NOT A SECRET J\RNEY & HIS MEET+S >E DISCUSS$ 9 POLEMICS />T$ BY ! TRIL+UAL 0,PORV5IRE ,AN>QUI/A0 ( ,B>CELONA1 BUT HIS APPE>ANCE !RE WAS SU* A NOVELTY ?AT ! ,SPANI% POLICE TOOK SOME TIME TO DECIDE H[ TO ACT & MEAN:ILE HIS J\RNEY WAS OV]1 OR HAD HE LE>N$ ?AT IT WAS WISE TO LEAVE8 ,9 ANY CASE HE DEP>T$ 9 ! NICK ( TIME & F\ND NO FUR!R OPPORTUNITY TO 5T] ,SPA9 AGA94 ,ON ,JANU>Y #f A LOCAL REVOLT OCCURR$ AT ,X]EZ1 LEAD+ TO F\R EXECUTIONS ON ,FEBRU>Y #a1 #a#h#i#b2 ! 9FAM\S MA*9ATIONS AGA9/ ! VICTIMS CAME TO LI* #a1 #a#g1 #a#i74 ,V]Y SOON AFT] !RE W]E MANY >RE/S AT ,B>CELONA 7,FEBRU>Y1 #a#h#i#b72 ?US ,MALATE/A1 :OSE J\RNEY TOOK PLACE AB\T ,NOVEMB]-,DECEMB]1 HAD A REAL *ANCE TO BE >RE/$ & HELD 0MORALLY RESPONSIBLE0 = ALL !SE EV5TS AFT] ! ,ITALIAN =MULA4 ,WE MIY MOVEM5TS ! ,COMMUNE CONTA9$ ! G]M ( ! FUTURE1 BUT ?IS G]M HAD BE5 /RANGL$ BY ! NOM9ATION ( A GOV]NM5T4 ,?IS GOV]NM5T PROCLAIM$ T]RITORIAL DEC5TRALIZATION4 ,9/EAD ( ONE GOV]NM5T 9 ,FRANCE !RE W\LD HAVE BE5 #c#f11 EA* ( :I* W\LD BE BAS$ ON ! SAME AU?ORIT>IAN PR9CIPLE4 ,FROM ! SOCIALI/ PO9T ( VIEW IT DID NO?+4 ,IT PROTECT$ PROP]TY1 &1 IF IT HAD LA/$ LONG]1 W\LD HAVE BE5 COMPELL$ TO ACT AGA9/ ! PEOPLE LIKE ALL O!R GOV]NM5TS4 ,NEV]!LESS ! ,COMMUNE HAD AN IMM5SE SIGNIFICANCE4 ,IT WAS NOT IDEAS :I* CAUS$ ACTS1 BUT ACTS :I* CAUS$ IDEAS4 ,9 ,ITALY ! SOCIALI/ PROPAG&A WAS />T$ BY ,BAKUN9 9 #a#h#f#d4 ,HE GA!R$ >\ND HIM AB\T FIFTE5 SOCIALI/S & !Y DID NOT 9CREASE 9 NUMB] UNTIL ! ,COMMUNE ( #a#h#g#a1 BUT !N1 ?R\< ?AT ACT1 !Y BEGAN TO C\NT BY ?\S&S4 ,WE >E A P>TY ( ACTION & WE MU/ NEV] =GET IT4 ,IF A GREAT ACT TAKES PLACE1 \R NUMB]S 9CREASE RAPIDLY4 ,IF NOT1 ! PROGRESS IS BUT SL[2 9DE$ WE >E LIKELY TO LOOSE GR\ND4 0,ANO!R ?+ TO BE LE>N$ FROM ! ,COMMUNE IS ?AT WE %\LD GIVE GREAT ATT5TION TO POPUL> MOVEM5TS & T5D5CIES4 ,WE CANNOT EXPECT ?AT ! PEOPLE WILL RISE ) A DEF9ITE COMMUNI/ & AN>*I/ PROGRAM4 ,A REVOLUTION NEV] BEG9S ) A SETTL$ PROGRAM4 ,?AT ( '#h#i BEGAN ) CRIES ( ',LONG LIVE ! K+0 .LIAM5T SUSP5D$ = #ae YE>S.>4 ,SO ) REG>D TO ! GREAT MOVEM5T :I* IS N[ BE+ PREP>$4 ,! PEOPLE CLAMOR = EIE ) ! PEOPLE & %>E !IR DANG]S1 !Y WILL BETT] UND]/& \R IDEAS & BETT] REALIZE !M40 ,A YE> LAT] ,M]L9O'S MU* DISCUSS$ PAMPHLET1 ,NECESSITE ET ,BASES D'UNE 5T5TE1 APPE>$ AT ,BRUSSELS1 ,MAY1 #a#h#i#b1 9 ! S]IES ,PROPAG&E SOCIALI/E-AN>*I/E REVOLUTIONAIRE2 ! ADDRESS ( ! PUBLI%+ GR\P WAS ?AT ( ,MALATE/A1 :O WAS HIMSELF TO ISSUE ANO!R PAMPHLET1 ,ORGANIZATION ET ,TACTIQUE1 :I* NEV] APPE>$4 ,I IGNORE :E!R ,M]L9O'S ,AM]ICAN J\RNEY ( #ahib 9T]RUPT$ !SE PUBLICATIONS1 & ,I AM QUITE AW>E ( ! 9DEP5D5CE ( EA* ( ! TWO AU?ORS1 NOR DO ,I 9T]PRET ! PAMPHLET ( #ahib 9 ! S5SE ( ,M]L9O'S LAT] OP9IONS4 ,I ?9K RA!R ?AT ! ABUSE :I* GREET$ HIS EF=T TO LAY ! MOVEM5T UPON L>G] F\NDATIONS1 HAD ! EFFECT TO DISAPPO9T HIM & TO DRIVE HIM AWAY4 ,9 ,ITALY AT ?AT TIME A WORK]S' CONGRESS WAS HELD AT ,G5OA 7,AUGU/1 #a#h#i#b71 AT :I* A MAJORITY EV5 WAS ON ! ,AN>*I/ SIDE --- ,GORI1 ,GALLEANI & O!RS --- ! ,SOCIALI/S LEFT1 & AN ANTI-POLITICAL WORK]S' P>TY WAS F\ND$4 ,ALL !SE W]E PRACTICAL EF=TS TO REMA9 OR 5T] 9 CONTACT ) M5 & ORGANIZATIONS 9 ,ITALY AS !Y REALLY W]E1 A P>ALLEL TO ! LATT] & ORGANIZATION P>TICIPATION 9 SYNDICATES1 & IT BR\DS ! LEGALIT>IAN P>TIES4 ,?IS WAS NOT ONLY PROCLAIM$ 9 C]TA9 SCURRILE PSEUDO-9DIVIDUALI/ ,LONDON PR9TS BUT F\ND EXPRESSION EV5 9 ! 0,REVOLTE0 7,AUGU/ #a#c1 #a#h#i#b71 BE+ MET 9 ! V]Y NEXT ISSUE 7,AUGU/ #b7 BY ,P4 ,KROPOTK9'S 9DIGNANT DECL>ATION3 0,?IS IS SIMPLY RIDICUL\S 4 4 4 SO FALSE & UNWOR?Y ACCUSATIONS \GUM5TS ( A CORRESPOND5T :O 7AS ,I CONCLUDE FROM LAT] EV5TS7 IS NOT WOR? ( \R ATT5TION2 ,MALATE/A PUBLI%ES 9T]E/+ /ATEM5TS 7,AUG4 #b1 #b#h1 ,SEPT4 #a#b1 & 0,QUE/IONS ( ,TACTICS10 0,REVOLTE10 ,OCT4 #a1 #a#h#i#b74 ,HE ADMITS ?AT MI/AKE MADE AT ,CAPOLAGO TO HAVE BELIEV$ ?AT ALL ,AN>*I/S C\LD ,M>* TOGE!R1 BECAUSE !Y AGREE UPON G5]AL =MULAS1 :ILE !Y DISAGREE E4 G4 9 REG>D TO ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 :I* SOME REG>D ) 9DIFF]5CE OR HO/ILITY1 :ILE WE BELIEVE ?AT WE CAN DO NO?+ UNLESS WE TE> ! POPUL> MOVEM5T FROM ! H&S ( ! LEGALIT>IANS3 :O DISAGREE ALSO ON ! RELATIVE IMPORTANCE ( 9DIVIDUAL & COLLECTIVE ACTS & ON ! 9N] VALUE & USE ( C]TA9 ACTS4 ,HE ALSO SAYS3 ,WE WANT TO MAKE PROPAG&A & >E NOT SATISFI$ BY 5JOY+1 LIKE >I/OCRATS1 \R KN[L$GE ( :I* IS TRU?4 ,WE ?9K ?AT A REVOLUTION MADE BY A P>TY ALONE1 )\T ! MASSES1 W\LD LEAD ONLY TO ! DOM9ATION ( ?AT P>TY & W\LD 9 NO WAY BE AN AN>*I/ REVOLUTION4 ,!RE=E1 WE MU/ BE ) ! MASSES & WE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 UNLESS TEMPOR>ILY PUT HORS COMBAT BY P]SECUTIONS1 NEV] BY \R [N WILL4 ,HE CLAIMS P>TICIPATION 9 ALL POPUL> MOVEM5TS & POPUL> ORGANIZATIONS4 ,:E!R ! LEGALIT>IANS SAY ?AT WE PREA* ORGANIZATION & >E NO AN>*I/S1 0CELA N'E/ BI5 EGAL0 7?IS IS UTT]LY 9DIFF]5T TO ME74 ,HE ?9KS ?AT MO/ ( ! ,ITALIAN & ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S %>E !SE IDEAS4 ,! FACT UND]LY+ !SE DIFF]5CES ( OP9ION BETWE5 ,ITALIAN & ,FR5* COMRADES ( ?AT TIME WAS ?AT ,MALATE/A NEV] CEAS$ TO BELIEVE 9 ! POSSIBILITY ( REAL G5]AL ACTION1 :ILE 9 ,FRANCE AT ?AT TIME ! CONTACT ) ! PEOPLE HAD BE5 CONSID]$ AS HOPELESSLY LO/1 & PROPAG&A1 9DIVIDUAL ACTION & P]SONAL ACTS ( PROTE/ SEEM$ ! ONLY MEANS AVAILABLE4 ,! R$ISCOV]Y ( SYNDICALISM 9 #ahie ALT]$ ?IS M5TALITY4 "9 "9 "9 "9 ,!N A *>M+ EPISODE BEGAN :5 ,GORI & ,MILANO & AB\T TW5TY O!R COMRADES F\ND A HOSPITABLE C5T] 9 ! PR9T+ (FICE ( ! 0,TOR*10 AN ,5GLI% ,AN>*I/ PAP] WRITT51 PR9T$ & PUBLI%$ BY TWO Y\NG ,5GLI% GIRLS ( ,ITALIAN DESC5T4 ,:5 9 ! AUTUMN ( #ahid ! 0,COMMONWEAL0 & 0,FRE$OM0 HAD SUSP5D$ PUBLICATION1 !IR LITTLE 0,TOR*0 7BEGUN #ahia AS A MANUSCRIPT PAP]7 HAD ALONE CONT9U$ PUBLICATION & EV5 SECUR$ A PR9T+ (FICE ) A L>GE PRESS ( CONSID]ABLE AGE4 ,NO O!R ?AN ,MALATE/A AS A ME*ANIC 9/ALL$ ?AT PRESS1 :I* ,H>RY ,KELLY 9 ,NEW ,YORK 0,FRE$OM0 7#a#i#a#i7 DESCRIBES AS 0AN OLD ,OSCILLATOR PRESS ( ! ,:>FDALE TYPE0 :I* HAS 0NEI!R P[] NOR %EET DELIV]Y1 SO IT TOOK ?REE P]SONS TO OP]ATE IT40 ,I GA!R FROM ?IS ?AT MORE P]FECT MA*9ES EXI/1 & WE ALL QUITE KNEW ?AT TURN+ ! H&LE ( ?IS PRESS WAS NO S9ECURE4 ,ANYH[1 ?IS MA*9E DID A DEAL ( ,5GLI% & 9T]NATIONAL PR9T+1 TURN+ \T AMONG O!RS POEMS BY ,GORI ON LEAFLETS :5 HE HAD H>DLY F9I%$ WRIT+ !M4 ,?IS PLACE /ILL EXI/S2 IT BECAME ! (FICE ( 0,FRE$OM0 9 ! YE> FOLL[+1 & MANY YE>S LAT]1 :5 A CRAV+ = LUXURIES WAS EVID5TLY FELT1 ,MALATE/A AGA9 IMPROV$ ! GAS FITT+S ( ! COMPOSITORS' ROOM4 0,?OSE W]E GLORI\S DAYS = ALL ( US10 ,KELLY SAYS1 & ! SUMM] DAYS ( #a#h#i#e1 ) ALL ! ,MILAN REFUGEES AB\T ?IS TYPICAL POOR ,5GLI% NEIE DESCRIB$ TO SOME EXT5T 9 ! BOOK 0,A ,GIRL ,AMONG ! ,AN>*I/S 7,LONDON1 #a#i#c71 ?\< IT W\LD REQUIRE AN EYEWITNESS TO DISC]N TRU? FROM FICTION4 ,I SAW SOME?+ ( ,GORI & MU* MORE ( ,$O>DO ,MILANO ?IS SUMM] & HE>D !IR IMPRESSIONS & APPRECIATIONS ( ,MALATE/A'S WORK2 !Y W]E JU/ A LITTLE SKEPTICAL ON ! QUE/ION ( 0ORGANIZATION0 :I* ALWAYS >ISES 9 CONNECTION ) ,MALATE/A & ON :I* ,I %ALL SAY A FEW WORDS BEL[4 ,9 !SE SUMM] MON?S AT ,SOM]S ,T[N ,E4 ,MILANO LIV$ 9 A G>RET ( ! SIZE ( A CUPBO>D & BE=E US$ TO BRE$ PIGEONS 92 ,GORI LIV$ NOT F> AWAY 9 AN ALLEY :I*1 AS WAS F\ND \T1 WAS A C5T] ( ! LOCAL CRIM9AL POPULATION2 BUT ! ?IEVES HELD ,GORI 9 HI< RESPECT1 S9CE !Y SAW HIM CON/ANTLY WAT*$ BY DETECTIVES & POSSIBLY TOOK HIM = A BEAUTIFUL B&IT 9 TEMPOR>Y RETIREM5T4 ,V]Y SOON ,GORI1 :O WAS ALSO A SAILOR1 WORK$ HIS PASSAGE BE=E ! MA/ TO ,AM]ICA1 FROM :]E HE RETURN$ 9 #ahif AT ! TIME ( ! 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALI/ CONGRESS4 ,MILANO ALSO W5T TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 SOON RETURN$ DISAPPO9T$1 SOME TIME LAT] HIS M9D BEGAN TO GIVE WAY4 ,HE RETIR$ TO HIS NATIVE VILLAGE1 & ,I SAW HIM LA/ AT ,TUR91 #a#h#i#h2 9 #a#h#i#i1 ,I BELIEVE1 HE MET A TRAGICAL DEA?1 AS ,MALATE/A TOLD ME4 ,SO !RE WAS ALWAYS LIFE & DO+ AMONG ! ,LONDON ,ITALIANS 9 ?OSE YE>S4 ,MALATE/A ALSO SAW AT CLOSE/ QU>T]S ! LIFE ( ! MANY ,FR5* ,AN>*I/S :O1 PR9CIPALLY BETWE5 #ahib & #a#h#i#d1 TOOK %ELT] 9 ,LONDON & W]E CONSID]ABLY EXPOS$ TO SPY+ & TO ACTUAL P]SECUTIONS :I* L$ TO EXTRADITIONS LIKE ?AT ( ,MEUNI]1 :O HAD AV5G$ ! BETRAYAL ( ,RAVA*OL4 ,MALATE/A C]TA9LY GAVE PRO( ( A COOL HEAD TO SAVE HIMSELF & MANY LESS CAUTI\S COMRADES >\ND HIM FROM ALL ! TRAPS :I* ! ,5GLI%1 ,FR5*1 ,ITALIAN & O!R POLICE !N SET = ALL :O W]E KN[N AS ,AN>*I/S4 ,!RE IS C]TA9LY NOBODY ( ANY 9T]E/ TO ,AN>*I/S :OM HE DID NOT KN[ 9 !SE YE>S4 ,I WILL JU/ M5TION ,KROPOTK91 ,T*]KESOV1 ,MALATO1 ,LUCI5 ,GU]9EAU1 ,EMILE ,P\GET1 ,VICTOR ,RI*>D1 ,LOR5ZO ,PORTET & O!R ,CATALONIANS2 NO D\BT ALSO ,ELISEE ,RECLUS1 :O WAS 9 ,LONDON 9 #a#h#i#e1 & ! !N SUBM]G$ OR 9VISIBLE ,PAUL ,RECLUS4 ,AT ! TIME ( ! 9T]NATIONAL CONGRESS ( #ahif HE W\LD ( C\RSE KN[ ,F4 ,DOMELA ,NIEW5HUIS1 ,TOM ,MANN1 ,G4 ,L&AU] & ALL :O !N %[$ ANY DESIRE TO SEE FAIR PLAY4 ,I HAVE ALREADY M5TION$ ?AT SOCIAL DEMOCRATS >E PR(\NDLY IGNORANT ( HIS V]Y EXI/5CE SOMETIMES & ,I DO NOT ?9K ?AT HE TAKES MU* NOTICE ( !M4 ,HE KNEW ,H]MANN ,JUNG1 ONE ( ! F\ND]S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL & ITS ,SWISS SECRET>Y 7MURD]$ #a#i#a72 BY ! WAY 9 ,B>CELONA1 #a#h#i#a1 HE SAW ,G4 ,S5T9ON1 ! ,SPANI% 9T]NATIONALI/ ( ,BAKUN9'S TIME1 !N QUITE RETIR$ & S9CE DEAD4 "9 "9 "9 "9 ,!RE IS NO REASON TO PASS 9 SIL5CE ! OPPOSITION CURR5TS AGA9/ ,MALATE/A'S WORK :I* DATE FROM !SE YE>S1 S9CE PREVI\S OPPOSITIONS 9 ! SEV5TIES W]E DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! ,ITALIAN ,F$]ATION AS A :OLE4 ,IT IS ALWAYS POSSIBLE = AN 9DIVIDUAL TO M>* QUICK] ?AN ! MASSES1 TO BE MORE BRILLIANT1 TO APPE> MORE ADVANC$1 TO SP5D )9 A FEW MON?S OR AT A S+LE /ROKE ! 5]GY ( A LIFETIME4 ,TO SU* ,MALATE/A SEEM$ TO BE SL[1 = ALL HIS 5]GY IS DIRECT$ TO MAKE QUANTITIES1 ( V]Y AV]AGE PEOPLE ADVANCE 9 AN EFFICI5T WAY & NOT TO /ORM AHEAD ( !M A LONG WAY TO REMA9 9 A HELPLESS ISOLATION4 ,HE DID ?AT :5 ) FIVE O!RS HE HELD ,CA/EL DEL ,MONTE & :5 ) TW5TY-SEV5 HE W&]$ ON ! ,MATESE ,M\NTA9S & NOT A S\L /IRR$ TO HELP !M4 ,HE N[ PREF]S1 S9CE #ahhc AT LEA/1 TO MAKE L>GE MASSES SEE SOME FEW V]Y SIMPLE ?+S & TO WORK = !SE ) QUIET EFFICI5CY4 ,?IS IS NOT MOD]ATION2 IT IS SIMPLY PREF]5CE GIV5 TO ONE ME?OD :I* NE$S NOT EXCLUDE O!R ME?ODS1 !RE IS ROOM = ALL4 ,:5 HE IS !RE=E ATTACK$ BY :AT SEEM$ TO BE Y\?FUL EXUB]ANCE AS 9 ! ,PORV5IR AN>QUI/A ( ,B>CELONA 75D ( #a#h#i#a7 !RE IS LITTLE H>M DONE4 ,O!R ATTACKS >E ( NO ACC\NT1 BECAUSE MALIGNITY RIVALS 9 !M ) AU?ORIT>IAN 9TOL]ANCE1 ?\< !Y CALL$ !MSELVES 9DIVIDUALI/4 ,I ALLUDE TO ! PUBLICATIONS BEG9N+ 9 ,P>IS1 #a#h#h#g1 & CULM9AT+ 9 ,LONDON AB\T #ahib OR #ahic & W\ND UP BY A CURI\S TRIAL = LIBEL SOME FIFTE5 YE>S LAT]4 ,H]E ,I CAN ONLY SAY ?AT HIS C>E] IS 9DE$ PROV$ BLAMELESS1 S9CE ! MO/ SPITEFUL ANIMOSITY NEV] BR\D ANY S]I\S >GUM5T AGA9/ HIM4 ,! ONLY FACTOR :I* 9 A C]TA9 WAY QUALIFI$ HIS HOLD ON ! MOVEM5T IS ! QUE/ION ( ORGANIZATION4 ,MALATE/A WANTS REAL1 PRACTICAL WORK PREP>$ & DONE1 & ?IS REQUIRES TE*NICALLY SKILL$ COOP]ATION --- & ?AT IS ORGANIZATION4 ,KROPOTK9 & ,RECLUS HAD NO SU* COLLECTIVE WORK ON H&2 !RE=E !Y NE$$ NOT TO GET PEOPLE TO DO ?IS OR ?AT PUNCTUALLY & EFFICI5TLY & !Y MAY PASS = L(TI] M9D$ AN>*I/S ?AN ,MALATE/A1 ?\<1 9 PRACTICE !IR [N 9DIVIDUAL WORK1 SCI5TIFIC & PROPAG&I/1 WAS EXCE$+LY WELL ORGANIZ$4 ,!RE=E ,MALATE/A'S DEM& ?AT PRACTICAL WORK %\LD BE DONE 9 A PRACTICAL WAY IS QUITE SELF-EVID5T4 ,ONLY BY REASON ( HIS 9TELLIG5CE & EXP]I5CE HIS ROLE 9 AN ORGANIZATION W\LD ALWAYS BE ?AT ( A MORAL LEAD] & EV5 9 HIS Y\NGE/ DAYS ! L9ES ( ORGANIZATION W]E SO LIY AV]AGE PEOPLE ?AN IT EV] WAS OR CAN BE UPON GIFT$ M5 LIKE HIMSELF4 ,!RE=E PEOPLE HESITATE BE=E JO9+ MOVEM5TS :]E ONE GIFT$ MAN SEEMS TO BE PREPOND]ANT4 ,AFT] ALL ?IS QUE/ION HAS BE5 A TEMPOR>Y ONE2 AT TIMES ! MOVEM5T WAS SO /RAIE QUITE ABOVE ! P]SONAL ACTION & 9FLU5CE ( A S+LE MAN1 & SO ! QUE/ION ( ORGANIZATION HAS BE5 GRADUALLY ELIM9AT$ BY ITSELF4 ,:5 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T WAS HUNT$ D[N BY ! P]SECUTIONS ( #ahic & #a#h#i#d1 IT RECEIV$ A GREAT IMPULSE AS E>LY AS 9 #ahie BY ! SUDD5 & RAPID DEVELOPM5T ( ,FR5* SYNDICALISM4 ,NEWS ( ?IS REA*$ ,LONDON AB\T ! MIDDLE ( #ahie & ,MALATE/A HAD PROBABLY DISCUSS$ ! SUBJECT BE=E ) ,EMILE ,P\GET :O LEFT = ,P>IS 9 ,MAY4 ,!RE WAS A MEET+ HELD 9 ! ROOMS ( ,ALFR$ ,M>%1 ! $ITOR ( 0,FRE$OM10 9 ,CAMD5 ,T[N1 ,N4 ,W41 ,MALATE/A BE+ PRES5T :5 !SE NEW DEVELOPM5TS & ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]S' & ,TRADE ,UNION ,CONGRESS ( #ahif 7,LONDON7 W]E DISCUSS$2 O!R MEET+S FOLL[$ ?R\< ! YE>4 ,A LA/ ATTEMPT WAS MADE 9 #ahif TO MA9TA9 ! SOLID>ITY ( SOCIALI/ & LABOR ORGANIZATIONS ( ALL %ADES ( SOCIALI/ & AN>*I/ OP9ON ! PR9CIPLE ( ! ,BOLOGNA1 ,G5EVA & ,B]NE ,CONGRESSES ( #ahgc & #ahgf -- BY MEET+ ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS 9 FRI5DLY DISCUSSION4 ,= ?IS PURPOSE DELEGATES FROM SYNDICATES >RIV$ 9 NUMB]S & W]E SECOND$ BY ! ,FR5* ,ALLEMANI/S1 ,DOMELA ,NIEUW5HUIS & ,CORNELISS5 ( ! ,DUT* ,P>TY1 ! ,G]MAN 9DEP5D5TS & AN>*I/S ) ,G4 ,L&AU]1 BY ,KEIR ,H>DIE1 ,TOM ,MANN & MANY O!RS4 ,IT IS KN[N ?AT ! ,M>XI/S HAD A TRICK TO CONTROL !SE CONGRESSES BY GIV+ VOTES TO DELEGATES BELONG+ TO V]Y SMALL NATIONALITIES :I* ?US ALL FIGURAT$ AS ,M>XI/1 A POLICY :I*1 BY ! WAY1 HELP$ TO FO/] ! EXAGG]AT$ NATIONALISM :I* PREVAILS TODAY4 ,BY A MAJORITY ( ?IS MAKE !Y LAID D[N ! RULE ?AT ONLY P>TIES :I* RECOGNIZE POLITICAL ACTION & ! NECESSITY TO OBTA9 LABOR RE=MS BY P>LIAM5T>Y MEANS %\LD BE ADMITT$ TO FUTURE 9T]NATIONAL CONGRESSES4 ,!Y W]E HAPPY & TRIUMPH$ ?AT BY SU* A =MULA !Y HAD AT LA/ SUCCE$$ TO EXCLUDE SYNDICALISM1 ANTI-P>LIAM5T>ISM & AN>*ISM FROM SOCIALI/ CONGRESSES4 ,9 ?IS SPIRIT ( BIGOT$ 9TOL]ANCE1 ( SATISFACTION TO HAVE DIVID$ & SPLIT ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 ! SO-CALL$ ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL WAS BORN 9 ,LONDON 9 ,AUGU/1 #a#h#i#f4 ,BY ,MALATE/A'S 9T]V5TION ) ! LOCAL ,ITALIANS ! ROOMS ( A CLUB 9 ,FRI? ,/REET1 ,SOHO1 W]E SECUR$1 :]E ! ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IAN & SIMIL> DELEGATES MET DUR+ ! ,CONGRESS4 ,A V]Y L>GE MEET+ WAS HELD 9 ,HOLBORN ,T[N ,HALL & ! SPEAK]S W]E ,J4 ,PRESB]G1 ,J4 ,KEIR ,H>DIE1 ,PAUL ,RECLUS1 ,C4 ,CORNELISS51 ,TOM ,MANN1 ,L\ISE ,MI*EL1 ,J4 ,C4 ,K5WOR?Y1 ,TORTELI]1 ,KROPOTK91 ,B]N>D ,LAZ>E4 ,T\ZEAU ,P>RIS1 ,F4 ,D4 ,NIEUW5HUIS1 ,W4 ,K4 ,HALL1 ,E4 ,MALATE/A1 ,P4 ,GORI1 ,G4 ,L&AU]1 ,L\IS ,GROS 7A ,M>SEILLE SYNDICALI/71 & AT ! OV]FL[ MEET+ ,W4 ,WESS1 ,F4 ,KITZ1 ,S4 ,MA9W>+1 ,A4 ,HAMON1 ,P4 ,PAWL[ITS* 7A ,B]L9 AN>*I/ METAL WORK]74 ,FROM ,MALATE/A'S SPEE* 70,FRE$OM1 ,AUG4-,SEPT41 #a#h#i#f7 ,I QUOTE3 0,PROP]TY WILL NEV] BE T\*$ UNLESS ?OSE :O ATTACK IT PROCE$ OV] ! BODIES ( ITS DEF5D]S --- ! G5D>MES4 ,= !SE REASONS WE >E AGA9/ ALL GOV]NM5TS1 EV5 ?OSE ( SOCIAL DEMOCRATS4 ,! G5D>MES ( ,BEBEL1 ,LIEBKNE*T & ,JAURES ALWAYS REMA9 G5D>MES4 ,:OEV] CONTROLS !M WILL ALWAYS HE ABLE TO KEEP D[N & MASSACRE ! PROLET>IAT4 ,SO WE WILL GIVE ?IS P[] TO NOBODY -- NEI!R TO SOCIAL DEMOCRATS NOR TO \RSELVES2 = NONE 9 SU* A POSITION C\LD BECOME ANY?+ BUT CANAILLES 7SCAMPS74 4 4 4 ,EMANCIPATE Y\RSELVES BY ORGANIZ+ Y\R [N =CES & Y\ %ALL BE FREE4 ,BUT IF Y\ EXPECT Y\R LIB]ATION FROM ANY GOV]NM5T --- BE IT ( *>ITABLE B\RGEOIS1 BE IT ( SOCIAL DEMOCRATS -- Y\ WILL =EV] BE LO/40 ,9T]NATIONAL AN>*I/ DISCUSSIONS W]E HELD 9 ,/4 ,M>T9'S ,HALL1 :]E ,MALATE/A SPOKE ON ! PEASANTS' QUE/ION 7SEE 0,FRE$OM0 REPORT71 REFUT+ ! ,M>XI/S' ATTITUDE 70,M>XISM IS REALLY A CANC] 9 ! BODY ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T10 ETC47 4 4 4 4 09 REALITY ! L& IS ONE ( ! TOOLS ( ! SMALL PEASANT1 & ! TOOL %\LD BE ! WORK]'S4 ,! PRODUCT ( HIS LABOR %\LD ALSO BELONG TO HIM --- :O CAN DISPOSSESS HIM ( !M8 44 4 4 4 4 .<,?IS QUE/ION IS NOT SETTL$ BY !SE SMALL EXTRACTS ( C\RSE2 IF ?IS MAY APPLY TO SOME SMALL PEASANTS H]E & !RE1 ! MA9 BODY ( ! L& IS ( F> TOO GREAT & VITAL IMPORTANCE TO BE ATTRIBUT$ 9DIVIDUALLY LIKE SOME TOOL & IT MU/ ALWAYS BELONG TO ALL LIKE ALL O!R REAL & 9DISP5SABLE NATURAL & MANUFACTUR$ RI*ES.>4 ,FABRI SAYS 7,BIOGRAPHY1 P4 #e7 ?AT HE REPRES5T$ ,SPANI% LABOR ORGANIZATIONS & ?AT HE WROTE ON ! ,CONGRESS 9 ! 0,ITALIA DEL ,POPOLO0 7A REPUBLICAN PAP] ( ,MILAN4 #a#h#i#f74 ,I HAVE NOT SE5 !SE >TICLES4 "9 "9 "9 "9 "9 ,! SEV5 & HALF 7NE>LY7 YE>S ( ,MALATE/A'S SECOND ,LONDON EXILE CAME TO AN 5D4 ,HIS CONDEMNATION ( #ahhe LAPS$ BY PRESCRIPTION SOON AFT] HIS DEP>TURE = ,ITALY4 ,HE MU/ HAVE KN[N ?AT ! M5 & MEANS TO E/ABLI% A NEW PAP] W]E READY & ?AT HIS P]SONAL ACTION W\LD BE SUPPORT$ BY A G5]AL EF=T4 ,ALL ?IS HAS COME TRUE4 ,SO AT ! AGE ( =TY-F\R HE SETTL$ ONCE MORE 9 ,ITALY1 ?IS TIME 9 ! L>GE ,ADRIATIC PORT ( ,ANCONA4 ,! HI/ORY ( ,MALATE/A'S ,ANCONA PAP] 0,L',AGITAZIONE0 HAS REC5TLY BE5 TOLD 9 ! 0,UMANITA ,NOVA0 ( ,DECEMB] #a#b1 #a#i#b1 & SOME DETAILS >E ADD$ 9 ! OBITU>Y NOTICE ( ,ADELMO ,SMORTI 7I4 B41 ,JANU>Y #b#h1 #a#i#b#a74 ,! COMPLETE SET 9 MY COLLECTION CONSI/S (3 0,L',AGITAZIONE10 ,M>* #a#d1 #a#h#i#g1 #f NOS41 FOLL[$ BY 0,L',AGITACIONE 7,APRIL #b#e71 0,AGITIAMOCI0 7,MAY #a 71 0,AGITATEVI0 7,MAY #h1 !N NOS4 #a TO #db & #aa #a TO #a#g4 ,MAY #e4 #a#h#i#h7 2 #ah 7,MAY #ab 7 WAS AB\T TO BE PR9T$ :5 ! (FICE WAS RAID$ & EV]Y?+ UPSET2 ONLY A FEW COPIES EXI/1 ( :I* ,I HAVE NEV] SE5 ONE4 ,AFT] ,ACCI>ITO'S ATTEMPT AGA9/ ! LIFE ( ,UMB]TO AT ,ROME1 ,E4 ,REC*IONI1 ,C4 ,AGO/9ELLI1 ,R4 ,REC*I & ,A4 ,B4 ,FACEETTI ( ! 0,AGITAZIONE0 W]E >RE/$ AT ,ANCONA & ! PAP]S DEMON/RAT$ ,MALATE/A'S PRES5CE !RE4 ,SOME ( ! >RE/$ W]E S5T TO ! ISL&S & A NEW BILL = TRANSPORTATION 7DOMICILIO COATTO7 WAS BR\ID SUMM] #a#h#i#g74 ,! LETT]S ( ! 0,AGITAZIONE0 W]E SEIZ$4 ,9 ! ISSUE ( ,SEPT4 #b ,MALATE/A EXPLA9S :Y2 ?\< HIS S5T5CE ( #ahhd HAS LAPS$1 HE PREF]S TO LIVE 9COGNITO2 ON ,NOVEMB] #ae ! POLICE DISCOV]$ HIM1 BUT HAD TO LEAVE HIM ALONE4 ,G4 ,CIANCABILLA 70,TEMPS N\VEAUX10 ,NOV4 #b1 #a#h#i#g7 DESCRIBES !SE N9E MON?S ( ,MALATE/A'S WORK2 HE CONNECTS HIS RETURN TO ,ITALY ) ,M]L9O'S ACCEPTATION ( P>LIAM5T>Y TACTICS4 BUT ,I AM QUITE UNABLE TO SAY :E!R ?IS SUPPOSITION IS CORRECT4 ,HE H9TS AT ! EXI/5CE ( AN ORGANIZ$ P>TY ON L9ES :I* MIILY >RANG$ 9 #a#h#i#a-#i#b WAS BROK5 UP BY ! P]SECUTIONS ( #a#h#i#c-#i#d1 FOLL[$ BY A P]IOD ( RE/1 #a#h#i#e-#i#f1 & :AT WAS BUILT UP AGA9 9 #ahig & ! FIR/ MON?S ( #a#h#i#h1 WAS DE/ROY$ BY ! P]SECUTIONS ( #a#h#i#h1 & SO O!R UPS & D[NS ( ORGANIZATION MAY BE E/ABLI%$ = ! TW5TY YE>S FOLL[+4 ,:5 BREAD RIOTS OCCURR$ 9 AB\T FIFTY ,ITALIAN T[NS1 !Y ALSO MADE !IR APPE>ANCE AT ,ANCONA 7,JAN4 #a#f1 #a#g1 #a#h#i#h7 & ON ! SECOND DAY =M$ ! PRETEXT ( ,MALATE/A'S >RE/2 SEE ,RUD9I'S CYNICAL DECL>ATION 9 ! S5ATE4 ,!N ,MALATE/A1 ,SMORTI1 ,B]SAGLIA1 ,PANFIC*I1 ,BRIOC*I & O!RS ( ! PAP] W]E >RE/$1 & TRI$ AS A 0CRIM9AL0 ASSOCIATION 7,>T4 #b#d#h74 ,UPON ?IS MA9LY Y\NG COMRADES1 PR9CIPALLY /UD5TS1 HURRI$ TO ,ANCONA1 AMONG !SE ,N9O ,SAMAIA1 ( ,BOLOGNA1 & ,LUIGI ,FABBRI ( ,MAC]ATA1 & $IT$ ! PAP]4 ,! TRIAL TOOK PLACE 9 ,APRIL1 #a#h#i#h4 ,?REE ?\S& AN>*I/S SIGN$ A DECL>ATION CONFESS+ TO BE QUIETLY ( ! SAME 0CRIME10 ?AT ( BE+ 0CRIM9ALS10 MALFATTORI1 9 ! S5SE ( ! ,>T4 #b#d#h4 ,PUBLIC 9DIGNATION WAS R\S$ & ! TRIBUNAL DID NOT D>E TO APPLY ! ,>T4 #bdh & PRON\NC$ S5T5CES ( SIX OR SEV5 MON?S' PRISON = =M+ P>T NOT ( A 0CRIM9AL0 BUT ( A 0S$ITI\S0 OR1 0SUBV]SIVE0 SOCIETY4 ,! HI<] C\RTS CONFIRM$ ?IS JUDGM5T AGA9/ :I* ! PROSECUTION HAD LODG$ AN APPEAL4 ,MEAN:ILE ! POPUL> REVOLT 9 ,MILAN TOOK PLACE 7E>LY 9 ,MAY71 :ILE !RE WAS NO MOVEM5T 9 ,ANCONA & ! ,M>*ES4 ,YET ON ,MAY #i ! 0,AGITAZIONE0 WAS RAID$ & H5CE=?1 LIKE ALL O!R AN>*I/ PAP]S 9 ,ITALY1 SUPPRESS$2 ,SAMAIA1 ,LUC*9I1 ,VEZZANI & ,LAVATT]O LEFT ! C\NTRY2 ,FABBRI WAS >RE/$ AT ,MAC]ATA4 ,UNA PAG9A DI /ORIA DEL ,P>TITO SOCIALI/A-AN>*ICO4 ,RESCONTO1 DEL PROCESSO1 ,MALATE/A E COMPAGNI 7,TUNIS1 ,TIPOGRAFIA SOCIALI/A-AN>*ICO1 #a#h#i#h1 #aai PP4 9 #a#f87 9 A REPORT ( ! TRIAL4 ,GLI ,AN>*ICI 9 ,TRIBUNALE4 ,ANTODIFESA DI ,]RICO ,MALATE/A 7,ROME - ,FLOR5CE1 ,F4 ,S]ANTONI1 #a#i#e1 #af PP47 WAS ,MALATE/A'S SPEE* 9 C\RT4 ,IL ,PROCESSO ,MALATE/A E COMPAGNI 7& O!R ,ANCONA TRIALS71 ,CA/ELLAM>E ,ADRIATICO1 #a#i#h4 #aaf PP41 IS ANO!R $ITION1 & ! ,PROCESSI >E /ILL 9 PR9T4 ,:5 ! TRIAL 7,APRIL #b#a-#b#g1 #a#h#i#h7 WAS JU/ CONCLUD+1 ! 9T5SE1 BREAD RIOTS AT ,B>I & ,FOGGIA 7,APRIL #b#g1 #b#h7 TOOK PLACE --- A DESP]ATE E*O ( ,LEIT]'S CORN] 9 :EAT AT ,*ICAGO --- EV5TS :I* 9SPIR$ ! LATE ,FRANK ,NORRIS' UNF9I%$ 0,EPIC ( ! ,:EAT0 --- & ?IS MOVEM5T SPREAD FROM S\? TO NOR? & REA*$ ,MILAN ON ,MAY #g4 ,! ,S\? ( ,SPA91 ! C\NTRY AB\T ,MURCIA1 WAS ALSO ON FIRE 7BURN+ ( ! OCTROIS74 ,! BE>+ ( ! GRA9 & COAL SUPPLY1 FOOD & TRANSPORT ON REVOLUTION>Y \TBREAKS WAS MORE FULLY UND]/OOD FROM ?AT TIME4 ,! REPRESSION FOLL[+ !SE ACTS ( DESPAIR ( />V+ PEOPLE REACT$ UPON ,MALATE/A :O1 9/EAD ( BE+ LIB]AT$ ,AUGU/ #ag 7AT ! 5D ( SEV5 MON?S71 REMA9$ 9 PRISON & WAS TRANSPORT$ TO ! ISL&S1 FIR/ TO ,U/ICA1 !N TO ,LAMP$USA4 ,:5 SOME SOCIALI/S & REPUBLICANS PROPOS$ TO NOM9ATE HIM AS A C&IDATE AT LOCAL ELECTIONS1 HE REFUS$ 7LETT] PUBLI%$ 9 ! 0,AVANTI10 ,ROME1 ,JANU>Y #b#a1 #a#h#i#i72 HE DID ! SAME :5 ,M]L9O1 WRIT+ TO ! 0,ITALIA NUOVA10 ,ROME1 ,MAY #b#b1 #a#i1 APPEAL$ TO ! AN>*I/S TO S5D ,MALATE/A TO ! *AMB] ( DEPUTIES AS !IR SPOKESMAN & TO OBTA9 9 ?IS WAY1 AS HE IMAG9$1 POLITICAL ELB[ ROOM4 ,MALATE/A WRITES TO ,JEAN ,GRAVE 70,TEMPS N\VEAUX10 ,JUNE #i1 #a#i73 4 4 4 4 0,I CONSID] AS AN UNM]IT$ \TRAGE ! SIMPLE SUPPOSITION ?AT ,I MILIAM5T>Y C>E]40 ,HE PREF]R$ TO MAKE HIS ESCAPE FROM ! ISL& ( ,LAMP$USA1 PROCE$+ ) ?REE O!RS DUR+ A TEMPE/ 9 A B>K TO ,MALTA & !NCE TO ,LONDON 7,MAY1 #a#h#i#i74 ,9 ,AUGU/ HE TRAVELS TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ADDRESS+ MEET+S 9 ,ITALIAN & ,SPANI%4 ,I IGNORE 9 :AT WAY1 IF AT ALL1 HIS MOVEM5TS W]E CONNECT$ ) ! ,PAT]SON 0,QUE/IONE SOCIALE10 ! FIR/ S]IES ( :I* 7#a#b#g NUMB]S1 ,JULY #a#e1 #a#h#i#e---,SEPT4 #b1 #a#h#i#i7 WAS CONCLUD$ JU/ !N BY A DECL>ATION1 SIGN$ ,G4 ,CIANCABILLA1 ,B>ILE & ,GUABELLO :O1 DISAGREE+ ON ! QUE/ION ( ORGANIZATION 7#c AGA9/ #h71 VOLUNT>ILY LEFT ! PAP] & BEGAN TO PUBLI% 0,L',AURORA0 7,SEPT4 #a#f7 AT ,WE/ ,HOBOK51 :ILE ,MALATE/A TEMPOR>ILY $IT$ ! 0,QUE/IONE SOCIALE0 7NEW S]IES74 ,I HAVE NOT TO H& ! FILE ( ?IS PAP] :I* CONT9U$ = MANY YE>S MORE2 ! LA/ ISSUE ,I HAVE SE5 IS ,NOS4 #d-#a#a ( ,JAN4 #b#e1 #a#i#h4 ,BUT ,MALATE/A'S CONNECTION ) ! PAP] LA/$ ONLY A FEW MON?S4 ,I HAVE SOME RECOLLECTIONS ?AT ! LOCAL DISCUSSIONS1 USUALLY UPON ORGANIZATION V]SUS FREE 9ITIATIVE1 W]E V]Y /RONG1 & ?AT ONCE A %OT WAS FIR$1 NOT HITT+ ,MALATE/A =TUNATELY4 ,CIANCABILLA'S 0,AURORA10 AT ,WE/ ,HOBOK5 & ,YOHORE1 ,VT474 ,( ,MALATE/A ,I RECORD$ MYSELF ONCE 9 0,FRE$OM0 7,DEC4 #a#i7 ?AT 9 ! SPR+ ( #ai HIS 0MEET+S W]E PROHIBIT$ 9 ,HABANA10 A FACT PROBABLY GLEAN$ FROM ! PAP]S JU/ M5TION$ OR FROM ,P$RO ,E/EVE'S 0,DESP]T>' OR FROM 0,EL ,NUEVO ,IDEAL10 ! ,HABANA AN>*I/ ORGAN ( !SE YE>S :]E FUR!R DETAILS ( AN 9T5D$ OR A REAL J\RNEY MAY BE LOOK$ =2 MY MEMORY FAILS ME 9 ?IS RESPECT4 ,T[>DS ! 5D ( ! W9T] 7#a#i7 HE WAS BACK 9 ,LONDON & SETTL$ AGA9 AT ,DEF5DI'S 9 ,HI< ,/REET1 ,ISL+TON1 UNTIL !Y ALL MOV$ TO ,>?UR ,/REET1 CLOSE TO ,OX=D ,CIRCUS4 0,CAUSE ET ,EFFETTI10 #a#h#i#h-#a#i1 A S+LE ISSUE1 WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#i1 & ! CRUEL REPRESSION ( ! />V+ PEOPLE 9 #ahih & ,UMB]TO'S DEA? BY ,BRESCI'S H& >E ! 0CAUSE0 & ! 0EFFECT0 ALLUD$ TO4 ,?IS IS ! FIR/ ( A SMALL S]IES ( ,ITALIAN PAP]S ( ONE OR A SMALL NUMB] ( ISSUES1 PUBLI%$ 9 ,LONDON BY ,MALATE/A'S GR\P & CONTA9+ >TICLES BY HIM4 ,I HAVE ALL !SE PAP]S1 BUT NOT TO H&1 & MY LI/ CONTA9S ALSO ONE OR TWO PUBLI%$ BY O!R ,LONDON GR\PS1 & ,I CANNOT DECIDE BY MEMORY :I* ( !M >E NOT BY ,MALATE/A'S GR\P4 ,!RE IS SOME CONGRESS REPORT BY HIM REPR9T$ FROM ! 0,QUE/IONE SOCIAL0 93 ,I ,CONGRESSI SOCIALI/I 9T]NAZIONALI 7,BIBLIOTECA DELLA 0,QUE/IONE SOCIALE10 #h71 ,PAT]SON1 #a#i1 PP4 #d#c-#e#g2 ?IS REF]S TO ! 9T5D$ ,P>IS AN>*I/ CONGRESS ( #a#i1 TO :I* MANY REPORTS W]E S5T :I* >E PUBLI%$ 9 ,FR5* 9 ! LIT]>Y SUPPLEM5T ( ! 0,TEMPS ,N\VEAUX0 7,P>IS1 #a#i74 ,:ILE ?IS CONGRESS1 H>RI$ BY ! POLICE1 C\LD ONLY HOLD A FEW PRIVATE MEET+S 7,SEPTEMB]1 #a#i71 AN 9T]NATIONAL AN>*I/ CONGRESS WAS OP5LY HELD AT ,AM/]DAM 7,AUG4 #b#d-#c#a1 #a#i#g71 LEAD+ TO ! =MATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONALE ,AN>*I/E4 ,BO? 9 ! CONGRESS & 9 ! ORGANIZATION ,MALATE/A TOOK A V]Y PROM95T P>T1 & ! PUBLI%$ DEBATES %[ HIM AT HIS BE/1 UPHOLD+ UNCOMPROMIS+ REVOLUTION>Y AN>*ISM AGA9/ ALL SIDE ISSUES4 ,MALATE/A WAS ONE ( ! MEMB]S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,BUREAU4 ,! CIRCUL>S ( ! ,BUREAU & O!R /ATEM5TS1 ETC41 NOTE ! PROGRESS ( ?IS ,ASSOCIATION1 :I* WAS RA!R SL[4 ,IT W\LD HAVE BE5 REVIV$ 9 ONE =M OR ANO!R AT ! CONGRESS1 PROPOS+ TO MEET 9 ,LONDON1 ,AUGU/1 #a#i#a#d1 :I* ! W> BEG9N+ ?AT SAME MON? MADE ( C\RSE IMPOSSIBLE4 ,ONLY 9 ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#b#a1 AN 9T]NATIONAL CONGRESS WAS HELD AT ,B]L92 ,MALATE/A C\LD NOT BE PRES5T4 "9 "9 "9 "9 "9 ,! FACT IS ?AT = A LONG TIME ! AN>*I/ IDEAS W]E CON/ANTLY DISCUSS$ 9 MANY PAP]S EV]Y:]E1 & SOME ( !SE1 LIKE ! 0,TEMPS ,N\VEAUX10 0,LE ,LIB]TAIRE0 & 0L' ,AN>*IE- 7,P>IS71 0,LE ,REVEIL-,RISVEGLIO0 7,G5EVA71 0,IL ,P5SI]O0 7,ROME71 0,FRE$OM0 7,LONDON71 0,D] ,SOZIALI/0 7BY ,GU/AV ,L&AU]7 & 0,FREIE ,>BEIT]0 7,B]L971 0,DE ,VRIJE ,SOCIALI/0 7BY ,DOMELA ,NIEUW5HUIS1 ,HOLL&71 0,REVI/A ,BLANCA0 & 0,TI]RA Y ,LIB]TAD0 7,SPA971 0,FREE ,SOCIETY10 0,MO!R ,E>?10 0,EL ,DESP]T>10 0,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA10 0,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE0 7,UNIT$ ,/ATES71 0,LA ,PROTE/A0 7,>G5T9E ,REPUBLIC71 & MANY O!RS W]E PUBLI%$ REGUL>LY = MANY YE>S & BECAME C5T]S ( DISCUSSION4 ,!RE WAS BESIDES A CON/ANT EX*ANGE ( IDEAS FROM C\NTRY TO C\NTRY BY TRANSLATIONS ( QUE/IONS ( MORE ?AN LOCAL 9T]E/4 ,9 ?IS WAY EV]Y GOOD PAMPHLET BECAME V]Y SOON KN[N 9T]NATIONALLY1 & ?IS SPH]E ( 9TELLECTUAL EX*ANGE RANG$ FROM ,PORTUGAL TO ,*9A & ,NEW ,ZEAL&1 & FROM ,CANADA TO ,*ILI & ,P]U4 ,?IS MADE EV]Y =MAL ORGANIZATION1 H[EV] LOOSE & 9=MAL IT WAS1 REALLY UNNECESS>Y2 TO SU* AN EXT5T ONE ( ! PURPOSES ( ORGANIZATION1 9T]NATIONAL FRI5DLY RELATIONS1 WAS ALREADY REALIZ$ 9 !SE HAPPY YE>S :5 ! GLOBE SEEM$ TO HAVE BECOME A S+LE SMALL UNIT1 :ILE TODAY IT IS SPLIT UP & SCATT]$ 9TO ATOMS1 SEP>AT$ FROM EA* O!R 9 A WORSE DEGREE ?AN 9 ! D>KE/ M$IEVAL TIMES2 AT LEA/ ?IS IS SO 9 ! GREAT] P>T ( ! ,EUROPEAN CONT95T AT PRES5T1 & IS SUPPORT$ 9 DUMB SUBMISSION4 ,?IS EXPLA9S ?AT ,MALATE/A'S REAL WORK1 AS F> AS IT EXI/S 9 PR9T1 MU/ NOT BE LOOK$ = 9 ! FEW PAMPHLETS M5TION$1 BUT 9 NUMB]S ( SMALL] & L>G] CONTRIBUTIONS TO ! DISCUSSION ( PROBLEMS 9 V>I\S PAP]S ( ?IS P]IOD4 ,! HOPES PLAC$ 9 SYNDICALISM AS F> BACK AS #ahie HAD NOT BE5 COMPLETELY REALIZ$ & IT BECAME NECESS>Y TO UNDECEIVE ?OSE :O HAD OV]RAT$ SYNDICALISM AS A REVOLUTION>Y FACTOR & :O W]E EV5 DISPOS$ TO MAKE AN>*ISM /& QUITE 9 ! BACKGR\ND OR TO %ELVE IT ALTOGE!R 9 FAVOR ( 0SELF-SUFFIC+0 SYNDICALISM4 ,! G5]AL /RIKE WAS ANO!R PROBLEM1 & H]E ,I REMEMB] ?AT ,MALATE/A ASSI/$ AT V]Y E>LY DISCUSSIONS ( ?IS IDEA 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#h#i4 ,ANTI-MILIT>ISM ALWAYS HAD HIS SUPPORT & ! QUE/IONS ( ORGANIZATION & ( 9DIVIDUALISM W]E CON/ANTLY V5TILAT$4 ,ON ALL SU* OCCASIONS HE W\LD =MULATE HIS /&PO9T 9 A CLE>1 PRECISE1 SIMPLE MANN]2 PHRASEOLOGY1 AMBIGUITY1 ! RAIS+ ( UNNECESS>Y SIDE ISSUES >E ABS5T FROM HIS WRIT+S4 ,! FOLL[+ PAP]S PROBABLY CONTA9 MO/ ( :AT HE WROTE FROM #ai TO #a#i#a#c3 0,LE ,TEMPS ,N\VEAUX 7,P>IS4 ,MAY #d1 #a#h#i#e4 ETC472 0,LA ,REVEIL10 0,IL ,RISVEGLIO0 7,G5EVA1 ,JULY #g1 #a#i1 ETC472 0,LA ,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE0 7,PAT]SON1 ,N4 ,J41 ,JULY #a#e4 #a#h#i#e1 ETC472 0,L',]A ,NUOVA0 7,JUNE #a#e1 #a#i#h1 ETC472 0,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA0 7,B>RE1 ,VT42 ,LYNN1 ,MASS41 ,JUNE #f4 #a#i#c1 ETC472 0,EL ,DESP]T>0 7,NEW ,YORK2 ,PAT]SON1 ,N4 ,J41 #a#h#i#a1 ETC472 0,FRE$OM0 47,LONDON1 ,OCTOB]1 #a#h#h#f4 ETC47 ,9 M5TION+ PAP]S PUBLI%$ 9 ,ITALY1 ,I DO NOT IMPLY COLLABORATION1 ONLY ?AT ?OSE PAP]S1 EXT5D+ OV] YE>S1 MO/ PROBABLY PR9T$1 REPR9T$ OR NOTIC$ ALL CONC]N+ HIM OR CONTA9 H9TS :]E TO LOOK = FUR!R MAT]IALS4 ,SU* PAP]S W\LD BE3 0,L',AGITAZIONE0 7,ROME4 ,JUNE #b1 #a#i#a1 ETC4712 0,IL ,P5SI]O0 7,JULY #b#e1 #a#i#c1 TO ,DECEMB] #i1 #a#i#a#b72 0,L',ALLEANZA ,LIB]T>IA0 7,MAY #h1 #a#i#h4 ETC472 0,IL ,LIB]T>IO0 7,SPEZIA4 ,JULY #a#f1 #a#i#c1 ETC472 0,IL ,GRIDO DELLA ,FOLLA0 7,MILAN1 ,APRIL #d4 #a#i#b1 TO ,AUGU/ #h4 #a#i#e72 0,LA ,PROTE/A ,UMANA0 7,OCT4 #a#c4 #a#i#f1 ETC472 ANO!R 0,GRIDO DELLA ,FOLLA0 7,NOV4 #a#a1 #aie TO #a#i#g71 ANO!R 7,OCT4 #a#c1 ,NOV4 #a#a1 #aia TO #a#i#a#a74 0,L',AVV5IRE ,SOCIALE0 7,MESS9A7 WAS ALSO PUBLI%$ FROM ,JAN4 #b#f4 #ahif TO #a#i#e1 OR LONG]1 & O!RS4 ,! ,GRIDO DE GLI ,OPPRESSI0 7,NEW ,YORK4 ,*ICAGO4 #a#h#i#b-#i#d71 ! 0,AURORA0 7,WE/ ,HOBOK52 ,YOHOE WOR? CONSULT+ TO UND]/& ,MALATE/A'S WORK1 ,I OMIT ! 9DIVIDUALI/ LIT]ATURE ( !SE YE>S1 S9CE IT W\LD CONTA9 ONLY APPRECIATIONS1 NO NEW MAT]IALS -- IT IS SC>CELY WOR? :ILE TO LOOK >\ND \TSIDE ?IS CIRCLE4 ,HE HAS NOT CONTRIBUT$ TO ! DAILY PRESS1 NOR TO MAGAZ9ES1 NOR DONE ANY O!R \TSIDE WORK AS F> AS ,I KN[4 ,IT IS QUITE LIKELY ?AT BY & BY1 :5 HIS NAME BECAME G5]ALLY KN[N1 ,LONDON CORRESPOND5TS ( ,ITALIAN PAP]S ASK$ HIS OP9ION ON ?IS OR ?AT OR CORRELAT$ O!R NEWS1 MO/LY FALSE1 AB\T HIM1 BUT SU* MAT]IALS >E NE>LY WOR?LESS & ON ALL IMPORTANT OCCASIONS CONCISE & /RAITICLES OR LETT]S1 TWILL BE F\ND 9 ! AN>*I/ PAP]S JU/ M5TION$4 ,SOME FEW >TICLES :I* RESUME ,MALATE/A'S IDEAS ON 9T]E/+ SUBJECTS >E ! FOLL[+3 ,L',9DIVIDUALISME DANS L',AN>*ISME 7,REVEIL1 ,G5EVA4 ,M>* #a#b1 #b#f1 #a#i#d71 DISCUSS+ ! 0PROVID5TIALISM0 OR 0OPTIMI/ FATALISM0 ( ! 9DIVIDUALI/ AN>*I/S ( ! COMMUNI/ S*OOL02 0FREE1 VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION = ! B5EFIT ( ALL IS AN>*Y0-- IS ,MALATE/A'S CONCLUSION4 ,LES AN>*I/ES ET LE S5TIM5T MORAL 7I4 B41 ,NOV4 #ea #a#i#d1 REPR9T$ 9 0,TEMPS ,N\VEAUX10 ,DEC4 #h1 #a #a#f73 REPUDIAT+ ?OSE :O REJECT !---MORALS ( HONOR & SOLID>ITY4 ,AN>*ISM & ,SYNDICALISM 70,FRE$OM10 ,NOVEMB]1 #a#i#g71 DEM&S ?AT AN>*I/S 0\*ISM1 BUT AT LEA/ IT LEAVES UNALT]$ ! DI/9CTIVE *>ACT]4 ,! ]ROR ( CONF\ND+ ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ) TRADE UNIONISM W\LD BE /ILL MORE GRAVE4 ,?AT WILL HAPP5 TO US :I* HAPP5$ TO ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS AS SOON AS !Y W5T 9TO ! P>LIAM5T>Y /RUGGLE4 ,!Y GA9$ 9 NUM]ICAL =CE1 BUT BY BECOM+ EA* DAY LESS SOCIALI/S4 ,WE ALSO W\LD BECOME MORE NUM]\S1 BUT WE %\LD CEASE TO BE AN>*I/40 ,ON ?IS MATT] HE SAID AT ! ,AM/]DAM ,CONGRESS 70,FRE$OM0 REPORT3 0,HE HAD HIMSELF BE5 SU* A /RONG ADVOCATE ( 5T]+ ! SYNDICATES ?AT HE HAD EV5 BE5 ACCUS$ ( BE+ A SYNDICATE-MAK]4 ,?AT WAS ALL V]Y WELL AT ONE TIME1 BUT N[ WE >E CONFRONT$ ) 0SYNDICALISM10 ! DOCTR9E4 ,HE OPPOS$ ! IDEA ?AT SYNDICALISM 0ALONE C\LD1 AS WAS CLAIM$ = IT1 DE/ROY CAPITALISM0 & 0! IDEA FREELY PROPAGAT$ BY SOME SYNDICALI/S ?AT ! G5]AL /RIKE CAN REPLACE 9SURRECTION40 0,IT IS A FALLACY10 HE REM>K$1 0TO PLACE !IR1 >GUM5TS1 AS SOME ( !M DO1 ON A SUPPOS$ SUP]ABUNDANCE ( PRODUCTION40 ,NOT BE+1 MU* ( A H& AT /ATI/ICS HIMSELF1 HE ONCE ASK$ ,KROPOTK9 :AT WAS ! REAL POSITION ( ,5GL& 9 ?IS RESPECT1 & HE WAS TOLD ?AT ,5GL& PRODUCES 5\< = ?REE MON?S 9 ! YE> ONLY1 & ?AT IF IMPORTATIONS W]E /OPP$ = F\R WEEKS EV]YBODY 9 ! C\NTRY W\LD DIE ( />VATION4 4 4 4 ,LOOK+ AT ! G5]AL /RIKE1 0WE MU/ BEG9 BY CONSID]+ ! NECESSITY ( FOOD4 ,?IS IS A MORE OR LESS NEW BASIS = ! CONCEPTION4 ,A ,PEASANT /RIKE1 = 9/ANCE1 APPE>$ TO HIM ! GREATE/ ABSURDITY4 ,!IR ONLY TACTICS W]E IMM$IATE EXPROPRIATION & :]EV] WE F9D !M . SETT+ TO WORK ON ?OSE L9ES1 IT IS \R BUS9ESS TO GO & HELP !M AGA9/ ! SOLDI]S 4 4 4 0 7AS TO ! DE/RUCTION ( RAILWAY BRIDGES7 0HE WOND]$ :E!R ! ADVOCATES ( SU* FOOLI%NESS EV] REALIZ$ ?AT CORN HAS TO COME ! SAME WAY ! CANNONS COME4 ,TO ADOPT ! POLICY ( NEI!R CANNONS NOR CORN IS TO MAKE ALL REVOLUTIONI/S ! 5EMIES ( ! PEOPLE4 ,WE MU/ FACE ! CANNONS IF WE WANT ! CORN40 4 4 4 4 0 ,9 HIS [N E>LY DAYS :5 !Y TALK$ AB\T ! G5]AL /RIKE = ! FIR/ TIME1 EV]Y MAN HAD HIS [N RIFLE & REVOLV]1 HIS PLAN ( ! T[N1 ( ! =TS1 >S5ALS1 PRISONS1 GOV]NM5T BUILD+S & SO =?4 ,N[ADAYS NOBODY ?9KS ( !SE ?+S & YET !Y TALK GLIBLY AB\T REVOLUTION4 ,LOOK AT :AT HAPP5$ 9 ,S\? ,ITALY4 ,! GOV]NM5T %OT D[N PEASANTS BY ! HUNDR$S & ! ONLY SOLDI] ?AT WAS HURT FELL (F HIS HORSE BY ACCID5T4 7,IT WAS ?IS MASSACRE ?AT MADE ,BRESCI TAKE EXTREME ACTION4 ,HE BELIEV$ A TELEGRAM :I* WAS S5T HIM FROM ,ROME SAY+ ?AT ! K+ HIMSELF ORD]$ ! SOLDI]S TO %OOT )\T M]CY74 4 4 0 ,AN >TICLE 9 0,FRE$OM10 ,JUNE1 #a#i#i1 ,AN>*I/S & ! ,SITUATION1 CONSID]S ?AT 0! REVOLUTION IS ADVANC+0 & ?AT AN>*I/S MU/ S]I\SLY CONSID] H[ TO FACE ?IS SITUATION4 ,I HAVE ONLY BE5 ABLE AT PRES5T TO REEXAM9E !SE FEW >TICLES1 BUT LIKE EV]Y O!R EXPRESSION ( ,MALATE/A'S IDEAS !Y %[ AN UNSW]V+ UNITY & H>MONY ( CONCEPTION4 ,IT WAS ! MIS=TUNE ( AN>*ISM ?AT DUR+ !SE ?IRTE5 LONG YE>S ( ,LONDON EXILE 7#a#i-#a#i#a#c7 HIS 5]GY WAS LEFT TO SLUMB]4 ,?AT DREADFUL WORD 0ORGANIZATION0 HAD MU* TO DO ) ?IS2 WE W]E ALL SO GLAD TO FEEL FREE & TO HAVE \TGR[N ! SWADDL+ CLO!S ( 0ORGANIZATION40 ,IF HE HAD ONLY CALL$ IT3 PRACTICAL WORK1 COOP]ATION OR EFFICI5CY1 ?AT W\LD HAVE BE5 PROP]LY UND]/OOD4 & IT IS ?AT :I* HE REALLY MEANT4 ,HE WAS & IS ! ONLY ONE1 ALMO/1 :O BELIEVES 9 ! POSSIBILITY ( ACTION --- AS ,BAKUN9 DID -- & NOT 9 ! M]E *ANCES ( P]SUASIVE PROPAG&A OR AN AUTOMATIC OR ACCID5TAL COLLAPSE ( ! SY/EM4 ,AN>*ISM DEVELOP$ 9 ALL O!R DIRECTIONS DUR+ !SE YE>S1 EXCEPT 9 ?AT ( REAL EFFICI5CY1 = :I* ,MALATE/A C>ES BE=E ALL4 ,HE 5T]$ ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! FIR/ WAVE ( NATIONALISM :5 ! ,LIBYAN W> ( #aiaa OP5$ ! S]IES ( W>S :I*1 NE>LY T5 YE>S AFT]W>DS1 IS NOT YET OV]4 ,RA!R /ORMY ,ITALIAN MEET+S TOOK PLACE ?AT AUTUMN 9 ,LONDON4 ,BUT HIS EF=TS W]E NOT SECOND$ & ! ,BALKAN W> ( ! AUTUMN ( #aiab WAS ALREADY WELCOM$ AS A 0,*RI/IAN ,CRUSADE40 ,GU/AVE ,H]VE1 AB\T ?AT TIME1 CAME TO ,LONDON TO EXPOSE HIS NEW /&PO9T4 ,AFT] HIS LA/ RELEASE FROM PRISON HE SAID HE GAVE UP HIS BLU/]+ 09SURRECTION10 & ,I BELIEV$ NAIVELY ?AT HE HAD E>N$ ! RILOTTE ,/REET SAW 9F9ITELY CLE>]2 HE P]CEIV$ ?AT ! ,H]VE ( ! PA/ EXI/$ NO LONG] & UNSP>+LY TORE TO PIECES ! MAN BE=E HIM 9 :OM1 AT ! E>LIE/ BEG9N+1 HE HAD RECOGNIZ$ ! COM+ R5EGADE4 ,SOME TIME BE=E ?IS1 9 ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#a1 HE PASS$ AT ! FR+E ( /RANGE ADV5TURES4 ,AT ?AT TIME A W>EH\SE 9 ,H\NDSDIT* WAS BURGL>I\SLY 5T]$ FROM AN EMPTY H\SE ON ! CITY SIDE2 ! CITY POLICE SURPRIS$ ! BURGL>S :O MADE !IR ESCAPE AFT] KILL+ SOME CITY CON/ABLES4 ,A CYL9D] CONTA9+ OXYG5 HAD BE5 APPLI$ TO ! SAFE & LEFT !RE & AN ,EA/ ,5D DOCTOR HAD ATT5D$ ONE ( ! BURGL>S :O HAD DI$ ( W\NDS & WAS !N LEFT BY HIS COMRADES1 AGA9/ :OM A HUE & CRY WAS RAIS$ ?AT LA/$ = WEEKS & 5D$ 9 HUNT+ !M D[N 9 ,SIDNEY ,/REET1 ,/EPNEY ,E41 :5 ! H\SE WAS BESIEG$ & DEF5D$ TILL DEA?1 JU/ AS ,BONNOT & ,GAMI] DEF5D$ !IR H\SES A YE> LAT] 9 ! NEIIS4 ,! OXYG5 CYL9D] ) ! NUMB] ON IT WAS LIKE A VISIT+ C>D LEFT !RE1 & IT WAS IMM$IATELY F\ND ?AT IT HAD BE5 ORD]$ = ,MALATE/A'S %OP :]E ! DEAD BURGL> ALSO WAS KN[N4 ,:AT HAD HAPP5$ WAS ?AT ,MALATE/A HAD P]MITT$ ?IS MAN1 A ,LETTI% T]RORI/1 TO WORK AT HIS %OP1 & HE HAD ABUS$ ?IS HOSPITALITY TO HAVE ! CYL9D] DELIV]$ AT ! %OP 9 ! REGUL> WAY ( TRADE4 ,MALATE/A HAD TO PROVE ALL ?IS TO ! SATISFACTION ( ! POLICE 9 ?AT S5SATIONAL MURD] CASE4 ,HE DID SO & WAS QUITE DEC5TLY TREAT$1 BUT LITTLE WAS WANT$ & ! RECKLESSNESS ( ?IS ,LETTI% T]RORI/ W\LD HAVE BR\D ?R\< ALL !SE YE>S & N[ 9DE$ AGE BEGAN TO TELL A LITTLE ON HIM4 ,ONCE A NAIL OR A TOOL PI]C$ ! PALM ( HIS H& & A FRIS1 & ,I WAS PRES5T :5 9 A DISCUSSION HE >OSE & MADE HIS MAID5 SPEE* 9 ,5GLI%4 ,HE W\LD ALWAYS HELP ! ,5GLI% COMRADES1 :5 ASK$1 BUT AS A RULE HE MOV$ 9 AN ,ITALIAN & ,FR5* MILIEU4 ,KROPOTK9 WAS AS BUSY AS HE & !Y SAW LITTLE ( EA* O!R1 BE+ SEP>AT$ BY L>GE DI/ANCES4 ,BUT ,*]KESOV1 ! OLD FRI5D ( BO?1 LIV$ AT NO GREAT DI/ANCE & VISIT$ BO? ( !M CON/ANTLY4 ,T>RIDA DEL ,M>MOL WAS A V]Y GOOD FRI5D ( HIS4 ,I PASS$ A DAY ) HIM & ,MALATE/A AT ,HI<>N'S ,P>K1 ,N4 ,E41 :]E ,T>RIDA LIV$ & DI$ SO UNTIMELY 9 ,M>*1 #a#i#a#e1 AG$ BUT FIFTY-F\R4 ,MALATE/A WROTE ( HIM3 0,I1 P]SONALLY1 P]HAPS NEV] HAPP5$ TO AGREE ) HIM --- &4 WE W]E ALL ! SAME ! BE/ ( FRI5DS4 ,ONE C\LD QU>REL ) HIM1 BUT C\LD NOT HELP TO LOVE HIM1 BECAUSE HE WAS ABOVE ALL A LOV+ & LOVABLE MAN4 ,& 9 SAY+ SO1 ,I MEAN TO PAY HIM ! GREATE/ TRIBUTE ?AT CAN BE PAID TO A MAN0 70,FRE$OM1 ,APRIL1 #a#i#a#e74 ,BY ,T>RIDA HE W\LD NO1 D\BT HAVE KN[N ,FRANCISCO ,F]R]1 :5 HE CAME TO ,LONDON4 ,HE SP5T MANY EV5+S ) ,>NOLD ,ROLL]1 :O !N W&]$ ALL OV] ,EUROPE AS A Y\NG KNIISM & ANO!R DAY EXPLOR+ ! ,REPUBLIC ( ,&ORRA AS ! FIR/ SOLIT>Y AN>*I/ :O PROBABLY EV] WAS !RE4 ,L\ISE ,MI*EL1 ,ALFR$ ,M>* & ,T4 ,H4 ,KEELL ( 0,FRE$OM10 ,H>RY ,KELLY & ,RUDOLPH ,ROCK] MIS LAT]1 A WELL-MADE & AMPLE PAP] ALWAYS SEEMS TO ORIG9ATE UND] HIS H&S AT A MOM5T'S NOTICE1 & HE REAPPE>S AS A SPEAK] & AS ONE :O KN[S H[ TO DEAL ) ! MANY P]SONAL & PRACTICAL QUE/IONS ( ! H\R4 ,TO MAKE SURE ( ! RILY ALL ! SCATT]$ 5]GIES ( ! MOVEM5T SEEM TO AWAK5 & TO CRY/ALLIZE R\ND ! NEW PROPAG&I/ C5T]4 ,IF ,I SAW ANY >TIFICIAL MAKE-UP 9 ?IS1 ,I W\LD NOT FEEL 9T]E/$ 9 IT1 BUT IT IS REALLY A SPONTANE\S \TBUR/ ( CONFID5CE 9 A MAN ( :OM ALL FEEL ?AT HE WILL NOT DECEIVE !M1 ?AT HE IS NOT WORK+ = HIMSELF & ?AT HE WILL GIVE HIS BE/ & IS GIV+ IT TODAY AS WELL AS FIFTY YE>S AGO4 ,SOME ( ! E>LY SOCIALI/S (F]$ !SE GU>ANTEES ( ABSOLUTE DIS9T]E/$NESS4 ,ROB]T ,[51 ,F\RI]1 ,BLANQUI & MANY SOCIALI/S & AN>*I/S KN[N 9 SMALL] CIRCLES ALWAYS DID & DO1 & M5 LIKE ,RECLUS1 ,KROPOTK9 & ,TOL/OY1 ALSO ,MAZZ9I & ,G>IBALDI4 ,BUT SOCIALI/S AT L>GE1 S9CE !Y 5T]$ POLITICS1 NO LONG] DO1 JU/ AN ! LEAD]S ( LABOR P>TIES & SO MANY O!R MOVEM5TS AS A RULE =FEIT$ REAL POPUL> E/EEM & CONFID5CE4 ,! PEOPLE1 BETRAY$ BY ONE G5]ATION AFT] ! O!R ( RIS+ POLITICIANS1 >E REALLY ON ! LOOK\T = HONE/ M5 & ,MALATE/A'S NAME & POPUL>ITY HAD GR[N IMM5SELY DUR+ HIS LONG ABS5CE BE=E HIS RETURN BO? 9 #aiac & #a#i#a#i4 ,HE IS NO LONG] ! ISOLAT$ Y\NG AN>*I/2 HE IS ! MAN ( :OM ALL :O >E NOT N>R[ SECT>IANS EXPECT GREAT ?+S1 MIRACLES ALMO/ AS !Y W]E EXPECT$ ( ,G>IBALDI4 ,IT IS NOT ,MALATE/A'S FAULT ?AT !SE HOPES >E NOT REALIZ$2 NO ONE W\LD CLE>] EXPOSE ?AN HE1 ?AT HIS SOLIT>Y WILL IS NO?+1 ?AT ! [N WILL ( ! PEOPLE !MSELVES TO GET !IR RI MOVEM5TS >E1 = G5]ATIONS N[1 9 ! H&S ( LEAD]S & LEAD]S AGA9 :O >E BUT SUB/ITUTES ( ! OLD SPIRITUAL LEAD]%IP ( ! *UR* & ( ! MAT]IAL DOM9ATION BY ! ,/ATE4 ,SO ! SPONTANE\S COOP]ATION ( ! MASSES ) ,MALATE/A --- AS !Y W\LD ) NO O!R MAN TODAY -- BE>S NOT YET FULL FRUITS1 BUT :5 WE LOOK AT #a#i#a#d1 AT #a#i#b1 !RE IS MORE HOPE ?AN EV] WAS 9 SPITE ( ALL DISAPPO9TM5TS4 0,VOLONTA0 BEGAN TO BE PUBLI%$ AT ,ANCONA ON ,JUNE #h1 #aiac CONT9U+ UND] ,MALATE/A'S IMM$IATE $ITOR%IP UNTIL ! 0,SETTIMANA ,ROSSA0 .<,R$ ,WEEK.> 9 ,JUNE1 #a#i#a#d2 IT RESUM$ PUBLICATION LAT] ON1 BUT ,I IGNORE :E!R ,MALATE/A 7!N 9 ,LONDON7 TOOK ANY FUR!R P>T 9 IT4 ,DUR+ ! G5]AL ELECTION 7AUTUMN ( #a#i#a#c7 ! AN>*I/S MADE A VIGOR\S ANTI-ELECTIONE]+ CAMPAIGN BY MEET+S1 PAP]S1 MANIFE/OS & ,MALATE/A TRAVEL$ TO MANY P>TS TO ADDRESS MEET+S & TO EXPLA9 :Y AN>*I/S DO NOT VOTE1 DO NOT BELIEVE 9 ! ,/ATE & :AT !IR IDEAS >E4 ,?IS %[S ! FEEL+ ( ! ADVANC$ P>TIES 9 ! ,ROMAGNA 9 ,MAY #a#i#a#d4 ,UND] !SE CONDITIONS A POPUL> MOVEM5T 9 ,JUNE #a#i#a#d1 SPREAD LIKE FIRE OV] MANY T[NS & SMALL] LOCALITIES ( ! ,ROMAGNA & ! ,M>*ES1 ! L>GE PORT ( ,ANCONA :]E ,MALATE/A WAS LIK$4 ,REPUBLICANS1 REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/S SYNDICALI/S1 ANTICL]ICALS & AN>*I/S COOP]AT$ AS NEV] BE=E & TO AN EXT5T & ) AN 9T5SITY :I* EV5 ?OSE :O HAD SU* A MOVEM5T1 9 VIEW 9 #ahgd MAY NEV] HAVE DREAM$ !N4 ,I CANNOT GIVE A RELIABLE ACC\NT ( ?IS MOVEM5T1 AS ,I HAVE SE5 ONLY ! MANY COLUMNS AB\T IT 9 ! DAILY PRESS ( !SE WEEKS1 & [+ TO ! W> :I* FOLL[$ LESS ?AN TWO MON?S LAT] ,I C\LD SEE NO AN>*I/ & O!R MORE ADVANC$ PAP]S !N NOR S9CE4 ,! W> >RE/$ ! DISCUSSION1 /OPP$ ! TRIALS1 ,I BELIEVE1 & ! REPUBLICAN P>TY WAS N[ SO 5TIRELY B5T UPON MAK+ ,ITALY A P>TY 9 ! W> & P>T ( ! SOCIALI/S & NE>LY ALL AN>*I/S W]E ACTIVE 9 COMBAT+ --- 9 V>I\S DEGREES --- ! W> POLICY1 ?AT ! ,ROMAGNA & ,ANCONA REVOLT ( ,JUNE1 #a#i#a#d1 :I* UNIT$ !M LOCALLY = A FEW DAYS1 WAS SOON LO/ SIEFUL & IMP>TIAL WAY1 ,I AT LEA/ AM NOT AW>E ( SU* A PUBLICATION4 ,MALATE/A AT ,ANCONA WAS ! DAY'S WOND] FROM ! /&PO9T ( ! DAILY PRESS1 & !N IT WAS ,MALATE/A 9 HID+1 SE5 EV]Y:]E1 RETIR$ TO ! ,REPUBLIC ( ,SAN ,M>9O & :]E NOT1 ANXI\S DAYS = HIS FRI5DS1 UNTIL ONE ( !M1 AT ,G5EVA1 HAD ! GREAT PLEASURE TO SEE HIM PASS !RE & SP5D A FEW H\RS 9 RELATIVE SECURITY1 !N PROCE$ FUR!R TO ANO!R ,LONDON EXILE ( EV] SO MANY YE>S1 ONLY SIX & HALF ?IS TIME4 ,AFT] ! ,MAY RIOTS & REVOLTS ( #ahih 9 ,ITALY & ,F]R]'S WEEK 9 ,B>CELONA1 ,JULY #a#i#i1 ! ,JUNE REVOLT ( ! ,ROMAGNA & ( ,ANCONA WAS ! /RONGE/ POPUL> RIS+ 9 ,EUROPE S9CE ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE & ! ,SPANI% 9SURRECTIONS ( #a#h#g#c4 ,I V5TURE TO SAY ?AT IT MAY BE CONNECT$ ) ! W> 9 TWO DIRECTIONS1 9 ITS ORIG9 & 9 ITS CONSEQU5CES4 ,ITALY HAD MADE ! FIR/ W>1 ! UNPROVOK$ ASSAULT ON ,TURKEY TO BECOME ! POSSESSOR ( ,TRIPOLI 7#a#i#a#a-#a#b74 ,S9CE !N W> 9 ! ,BALKANS HAD H>DLY CEAS$ 7#a#i#a#b-#a#c7 & WAS FOLL[$ BY ! ,MONT5EGRO1 ,SCUT>I & ,ALBANIAN ,P]MAN5T CRISIS ( #a#i#a#c-#a#d4 ,9 ALL ?IS ,ITALY FELT 9T]E/$ 9 AN 9CREAS+ DEGREE & ,ANCONA & ! ,ROMAGNA W]E NE>E/ SITUAT$ TO ! ,BALKAN /ORM C5T] ( !SE YE>S ON ! O!R SIDE ( ! ,ADRIATIC4 ,H5CE POPUL> FEEL+ !RE1 =ESEE+ ! CONT9UATION ( W>S = IMP]IALI/ EXPANSION1 RUN HI<1 9DIGNATION WAS RIPE & ! SLI TO A REAL REVOLUTION4 ,IT IS QUITE POSSIBLE1 9 MY OP9ION1 ?AT ! SIS HAD LOCALIZ$ ! ,BALKAN QUE/IONS & :I*1 IF !Y OP]AT$ 9 #a#i#a#a1 #aiab & #aiac MI DISCONT5T & READ9ESS = EXTREME ACTION :I* ! ,ROMAGNA REVOLT %[$ MAY HAVE 9DUC$ ?OSE 9 P[] TO DECIDE ?AT A G5]AL BLOOD LETT+ C\LD ALONE ADJ\RN A REAL REVOLUTION :I* W\LD IMM$IATELY TAKE A SOCIAL *>ACT] ( UNKN[N 9T5SITY -- & SO !Y AB/A9$ FROM S]I\S EF=TS TO LOCALIZE ! CRISIS ( ,JULY #a#i#a#d1 & LET ! G5]AL W> BE UNFETT]$4 ,ON ! O!R H&4 ! PEOPLE 9 #aiad W]E /RONG] ?AN !Y BELIEV$ TO BE1 & IF ! ,ROMAGNA NE>LY W5T TO PIECES OV] SOME RELATIVELY TRIFL+ QUE/ION1 :AT C\LD !Y NOT HAVE DONE OV] ! QUE/ION ( LIFE & DEA? = ,EUROPE :I* ! W> IMPLI$ & /ILL IMPLIES6 ,BUT IT IS TOO LATE TO COMPLA9 N[ :5 ! MILK IS SPILL$4 ,MALATE/A RETURN$ TO HIS OLD ,LONDON HOME & DAILY WORK & MU/ HAVE /AY$ !RE DUR+ ! :OLE W> & SUBSEQU5TLY UNTIL HE C\LD LEAVE ,5GL& AT ! 5D ( #a#i#a#i4 ,IF IT MU/ HAVE BE5 PA9FUL TO HIM TO SEE PUBLIC LIFE1 HABITS1 M5TALITY *ANG$1 MO/ ( ! =MAL FRE$OM TO :I* HE HAD GOT US$ BY SO MANY YE>S' RESID5CE1 SUSP5D$1 NEV] TO COME BACK 9 OLD VIGOR1 HE MU/ HAVE BE5 BORNE UP1 AS AN OBS]V]1 BY ! 9SIY VICTORIES & TRIUMPHS4 ,HE SAW ?IS FROM ! FIR/ & DID NOT LOOSE HIS HEAD OV] ! MANY SIDE ISSUES :I* P>ALYZ$ & NULLIFI$ SOCIALI/ ACTION FROM ! BEG9N+1 UNTIL ! FIR/ REAL BL[ WAS /RUCK1 9 ,RUSSIA1 #a#i#a#g4 ,I HAVE ONLY BE=E ME :AT HE PUBLI%$ ON ! W> 9 0,FRE$OM0 7,LONDON1 #a#i#a#d-#a#f74 ,HIS WORK & ITS AFFECTS %\LD BE /UDI$ FROM C\RAGE\S PAP]S LIKE ,B]TONI'S 0,REVEIL-,RISVEGLIO0 7,G5EVA71 ! ,AM]ICAN 0,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA0 ( ,L4 ,GALLEANI 7LAT] TRANSF]R$ TO ,TUR971 FROM ! 0,LIB]TAIRE0 & ! 0,VIE ,\VRI]0 7,P>IS71 & FROM ! ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ PAP]S1 BESIDES :I* ! SOCIALI/ DAILY 0,AVANTI0 7,MILAN7 W\LD ALSO CONTA9 9=MATION1 S9CE A V]Y GREAT NUMB] ( ORGANIZ$ SOCIALI/S & SYNDICALI/S 9 ,ITALY %>$ TO SOME EXT5T HIS OP9IONS ON ! W>1 ?\< !IR P>TY TIES & O!R CONSID]ATIONS KEPT !M FROM ANY EFFICI5T ACTION4 ,I GA!R FROM 0,UMANITA ,NOVA10 ,SEPT4 #h1 #a#i#b1 ?AT A REPR9T ( ALL HE WROTE ON ! W> IS BE+ PREP>$4 ,SOMETIMES ! SUBJECT 9 REF]R$ TO 9 0,UMANITA ,NOVA02 ! ATTITUDE ( ! REPUBLICANS IS DISCUSS$ ,AUGU/ #b#i1 ,SEPTEMB] #a 7NOT SIGN$71 ,SEPTEMB] #h 7SIGN$72 SEE ALSO ,AUG4 #b#f4 0,AN>*I/S ,HAVE ,=GOTT5 ,!IR ,PR9CIPLES0 IS ! TITLE ( AN >TICLE 9 0,FRE$OM10 ,NOVEMB]1 #aiad BEG9N+3 0,AT ! RISK ( PASS+ AS A SIMPLETON1 ,I CONFESS ?AT ,I W\LD NEV] HAVE BELIEV$ IT POSSIBLE ?AT ,SOCIALI/S -- EV5 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS -- W\LD APPLAUD & VOLUNT>ILY TAKE P>T1 EI!R ON ! SIDE ( ! ,G]MANS OR ON ?AT ( ! ,ALLIES1 9 A W> LIKE ! ONE ?AT IS AT PRES5T DEVA/AT+ ,EUROPE4 ,BUT :AT IS !RE TO SAY :5 ! SAME IS DONE BY ,AN>*I/S -- NOT NUM]\S1 IT IS TRUE1 BUT HAV+ AMONG !M COMRADES :OM WE LOVE & RESPECT MO/80 ,I WILL NOT TRY TO RESUME HIS >GUM5TS1 AS 9 ?IS ACC\NT ( ! FACTS ( HIS LIFE ,I HAVE NO ROOM TO DESCRIBE HIS IDEAS 9 DETAIL1 BUT ! FOLL[+ EXTRACT WILL %[ HIS APPRECIATION ( ! SITUATION AT ! 5D ( ,OCTOB] #a#i#a#d3 44444 0,P]SONALLY4 JUDG+ AT !IR TRUE VALUE ! 'MAD DOG' ( ,B]L9 & ! 'OLD HANGMAN' ( ,VI5NA1 ,I HAVE NO GREAT] CONFID5CE 9 ! BLOODY ,CZ>4 NOR 9 ! ,5GLI% DIPLOMATI/S :O OPPRESS ,9DIA1 :O BETRAY$ ,P]SIA1 :O CRU%$ ! ,BO] ,REPUBLICS2 NOR 9 ! ,FR5* B\RGEOISIE1 :O MASSACR$ ! NATIVES ( ,MOROCCO2 NOR 9 ?OSE ( ,BELGIUM1 :O HAVE ALL[$ ! ,CONGO ATROCITIES & HAVE L>GELY PR(IT$ BY !M---& ,I ONLY RECALL SOME ( !IR MISDE$S1 TAK5 AT R&OM1 NOT TO M5TION :AT ALL GOV]NM5TS & ALL CAPITALI/ CLASSES DO AGA9/ ! WORK]S & ! REBELS 9 !IR [N C\NTRY40 0,9 MY OP9ION1 ! VICTORY ( ,G]MANY C\LD C]TA9LY MEAN ! TRIUMPH ( MILIT>ISM & ( REACTION2 BUT ! TRIUMPH ( ! ,ALLIES C\LD MEAN A ,RUSSO-,5GLI% 7I4 E41 A KN\TO-CAPITALI/7 DOM9ATION 9 ,EUROPE & ,ASIA1 CONSCRIPTION & ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,MILIT>I/ SPIRIT 9 ,5GL& & A CL]ICAL & P]HAPS MON>*I/ REACTION 9 ,FRANCE40 0,BESIDES1 9 MY OP9ION1 IT IS MO/ PROBABLE ?AT !RE WILL BE NO DEF9ITE VICTORY ON EI!R SIDE4 ,AFT] A LONG W>1 AN 5ORM\S LOSS ( LIFE & WEAL?1 BO? SIDES BE+ EXHAU/$1 SOME K9D ( PEACE WILL BE PAT*$ UP1 LEAV+ ALL QUE/IONS OP51 ?US PREP>+ = A NEW W> MORE MURD]\S ?AN ! PRES5T40 0,! ONLY HOPE IS REVOLUTION2 & AS ,I ?9K ?AT IT IS FROM VANQUI%$ ,G]MANY ?AT 9 ALL PROBABILITY1 [+ TO ! PRES5T /ATE ( ?+S1 ! REVOLUTION W\LD BREAK \T1 IT IS = ?IS REASON --- & = ?IS REASON ONLY --?AT ,I WI% ! DEFEAT ( ,G]MANY40 ,?IS >TICLE MAY BE ID5TICAL ) AN >TICLE PUBLI%$ BY ! 0,AVANTI0 7,MILAN7 :I* WAS FOLL[$ BY A LETT] 7,DECEMB]1 #a#i#a#d71 :I* ,MALATE/A REPR9T$ 9 0,UMANITA ,NOVA0 ,SEPT4 #h1 #a#i#b2 H]E HE EXPLA9S :Y1 :ILE DESIR+ ! DEFEAT ( ,G]MANY1 IT IS NOT ! AFFAIR ( REVOLUTIONI/S TO HELP ! CAPITALI/ GOV]NM5TS TO BR+ IT AB\T4 ,HE SAYS ONCE MORE3 0,BUT = ?OSE :O PLACE ABOVE EV]Y?+ ! CAUSE ( FRE$OM1 JU/ICE & FRAT]NITY AMONG M54 !RE CAN NO LONG] BE ANY D\BT3 :5 ! MO/ F]OCI\S PASSIONS >E UN*A9$1 :5 ! UNCONSCI\S MASSES >E S$UC$ BY ! P]V]SE SUGGE/IONS ( ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES TO CUT ! ?ROATS ( !IR BRE?R51 !Y MU/ MORE ?AN EV] CALL = PEACE AMONG ! OPPRESS$ & = W> AGA9/ ! OPPRESSORS1 & AGA9/ ALL TRANSACTIONS1 ALL SURR5D] TO !IR PROP] 5EMIES40 ,:5 ,ITALY DECL>$ W> AGA9/ ,AU/RIA-,HUNG>Y 7,MAY4 #a#i#a#e7 ! >TICLE 0,ITALY ,ALSO60 APPE>$ 9 0,FRE$OM0 7,JUNE74 0,WE HAD HOP$ ?AT ! ,ITALIAN WORK]S W\LD BE ABLE TO RESI/ ! GOV]N+ CLASSES & AFFIRM TO ! LA/ !IR BRO!RHOOD ) ! WORK]S ( ALL C\NTRIES1 & !IR RESOLUTION TO P]SEV]E 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! EXPLOIT]S & OPPRESSORS1 = ! REAL EMANCIPATION ( MANK9D4 ,! FACT ?AT ! GREAT MAJORITY ( ,SOCIALI/S & ,SYNDICALI/S1 & ALL ! ,AN>*I/S 7EXCEPT A V]Y FEW7 W]E SOLID AGA9/ W>1 ADD$ TO ! EVID5T DISPOSITION ( ! MASSES1 GAVE US ?IS HOPE ?AT ,ITALY W\LD ESCAPE ! MASSACRE & KEEP ALL H] =CES = ! WORKS ( PEACE & CIVILIZATION4 0,BUT1 ALAS6 NO4 ,ITALY1 TOO1 HAS BE5 DRAGG$ 9TO ! SLAUN !IR BREAD 9 F>-(F L&S2 ! SAME ,ITALIANS :O TOMORR[ WILL BE FAMI%$1 & COMPELL$ TO EMIGRATE AGA9 >E N[ KILL$ & BE+ KILL$ 9 DEF5SE ( ! 9T]E/S & AMBITIONS ( ?OSE :O D5Y !M ! RISE/ LIES6 0,ALL !SE DRE>Y MON?S ! ,ITALIAN CAPITALI/S HAVE BE5 5RI*+ !MSELVES BY SELL+ AT 5HANC$ PRICES TO ,G]MANY & ,AU/RIA AN IMM5SE QUANTITY ( ?+S USEFUL = ! W>4 ,! ,ITALIAN ,GOV]NM5T HAS BE5 TRY+ TO SELL TO ! ,C5TRAL ,EMPIRES NEUTRALITY 9 EX*ANGE = MORE ADDITIONS TO ! DOM9IONS ( ! ,SAVOYAN ,K+4 ,& N[1 BECAUSE !Y C\LD NOT OBTA9 ALL !Y WANT$1 & HAVE F\ND IT MORE ADVANTAGE\S TO CA/ 9 !IR LOT ) ! ,ALLIES1 !Y SPEAK ) BRAZ5 FACE1 AS IF !Y W]E DIS9T]E/$ KNI5T4 ,!Y SAY ?AT !Y GO TO W> = ! LIB]ATION ( ! PEOPLES FROM =EIGN DOM9ATION1 & !Y TRY TO 9FLAME ! Y\NG M5 ) ! GLORIES ( ! ,ITALIAN /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,AU/RIAN TYRANNY2 BUT !Y TRY TO CRU% 9TO SUBMISSION ! ,>ABS ( ,TRIPOLI1 !Y WANT TO KEEP ! ,GREEK ISL&S PROVISIONALLY OCCUPI$ AT ! TIME ( ! W> ) ,TURKEY1 !Y ASK = T]RITORIES & PRIVILEGES 9 ,ASIA ,M9OR1 !Y OCCUPY A P>T ( ,ALBANIA1 :I* C]TA9LY IS NOT ,ITALIAN 9 ANY S5SE ( ! WORD1 & PRET5D TO ANNEX ,DALMATIA1 :]E ! ,ITALIANS >E ONLY A SMALL P]C5TAGE ( ! POPULATION4 ,REALLY1 !Y PRET5D TO HAVE A CLAIM ON EV]Y C\NTRY !Y HAVE1 OR ?9K !Y HAVE1 ! P[] TO TAKE & KEEP4 ,ONE PLACE \Y = MILIT>Y SECURITY2 & EV]Y O!R PLACE 9 ! WORLD BECAUSE IT MAY BE USEFUL TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( ,ITALIAN COMM]CE 4 4 4 40 ,FROM ! >RE/S ( MANY AN>*I/S ,MALATE/A CONCLUDES ?AT !Y 0REMA9 LOYAL TO !IR IDEAL TO ! LA/1 &1 :AT 9 MORE IMPORTANT1 ?AT ! GOV]NM5T FE>S !IR 9FLU5CE ON ! MASSES02 HE CONCLUDES3 0,?IS GIVES US ! ASSURANCE ?AT AS SOON AS ! W> FEV] HAS CALM$ D[N WE WILL BE ABLE TO BEG9 AGA9 \R [N W> -- ! W> = HUMAN LIB]TY1 EQUALITY & BRO!RHOOD -- & 9 BETT] CONDITIONS ?AN BE=E1 BECAUSE ! PEOPLE WILL HAVE HAD ANO!R EXP]I5CE1 & :AT A T]RIBLE ONE6 ,?AT FROM ! GOV]NM5T CAN BE EXPECT$ ONLY 9JU/ICE1 MIS]Y & OPPRESSION1 & !N1 AS A *ANGE1 SLAUE ONLY MEANS = 5SLAV+ ! WORK]S1 & ?AT !IR SALVATION LIES 9 ! ABOLITION ( GOV]NM5T & CAPITALISM40 ,MALATE/A HAD ALSO SIGN$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,AN>*I/ ,MANIFE/O ON ! ,W> 7#a#i#a#e71 REPRODUC$ 9 0,FRE$OM10 ,M>* #a#i#a#e1 & SIGN$ BY ,LEON>D ,D4 ,ABBOTT1 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN1 ,L4 ,B]TONI1 ,L4 ,B]SANI1 ,G4 ,B]N>D1 ,G4 ,B>RETT1 ,A4 ,B]N>DO1 ,E4 ,B\DOT1 ,A4 ,CALZITTA1 ,JOSEPH ,J4 ,COH51 ,H5RY ,COMBES1 ,NE/OR ,CIELE VON ,DIEP51 ,F4 ,W4 ,DUNN1 ,*4 ,FRIG]IO1 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,V4 ,G>CIA1 ,HIPPOLYTE ,HAVEL1 ,M ,H4 ,KEELL1 ,H>RY ,KELLY1 ,J4 ,LEMAIRE1 ,E4 ,MALATE/A1 ,H4 ,M>QUES4 ,F4 ,DOMELA ,NIEUW5HUIS1 ,NOEL ,PANOVI*4 ,E4 ,REC*IONI1 ,G4 ,R9JD]S1 #a4 ,RO*T*9E1 ,A4 ,SAVIOLI1 ,A4 ,S*APIRO1 ,WILLIAM ,%AT(F1 ,V4 ,J4 ,C4 ,S*]M]HORN1 ,C4 ,TROMBETTI1 ,P4 ,VALL9A1 ,G4 ,VIGNATI1 ,LILLIAN ,G4 ,WOOLF & ,S4 ,YAN[SKY4 ,:5 ! 0,MANIFE/E DES ,SEIZE10 ! SO-CALL$ 0,MANIFE/O ( ! ,SIXTE510 HAD BE5 PUBLI%$ 7,FEB4 #b#h1 #a#i#a#f2 A REPR9T1 ,LAUSANNE1 0,LIBRE ,F$]ATION10 ,MAY #a#i#a#f1 #h PP41 9 #a#f8 GIVES ADDITIONAL ADHESIONS71 ,MALATE/A WROTE ! >TICLE 0,PRO-,GOV]NM5T ,AN>*I/S0 70,FRE$OM40 ,APRIL #a#i#a#f71 ( :I* A ,FR5* $ITION WAS SECRETLY ISSU$1 BE>+ ! TITLE3 ,REPONSE DE ,MALATE/A AU ,MANIFE/E DE ,SEIZE4 ,AN>*I/ES DE ,G\V]NEM5T 7#g PP4 9 #a#f872 IT IS ALSO REF]R$ TO 9 0,UMANITO ,NOVA10 ,AUG4 #b#f1 ,SEPT4 #h1 #a#i#b4 ,IT BEG9S BY ! WORDS3 0,A MANIFE/O HAS JU/ APPE>$1 SIGN$ BY ,KROPOTK91 ,GRAVE1 ,MALATO & A DOZ5 O!R OLD COMRADES1 9 :I*1 E*O+ ! SUPPORT]S ( ! ,5T5TE ,GOV]NM5TS :O >E DEM&+ A FI*I/S0 ---,MALATE/A4 SAYS -- 0[E IT TO !MSELVES TO PROTE/ AGA9/ ?IS ATTEMPT TO IMPLICATE ,AN>*ISM 9 ! CONT9UANCE ( A F]OCI\S SLAUR5 & RESULTLESS EV5 FROM ! /&PO9T ( ! RUL]S ON EI!R SIDE40 4 4 4 ,BUT ,I WILL ONLY REPRODUCE A P>T ( ! CONCLUSIONS3 4 4 4 4 0,! L9E ( CONDUCT = ,AN>*I/S IS CLE>LY M>K$ \T BY ! V]Y LOGIC ( !IR ASPIRATIONS4 0,! W> \Y = ?IS HAS BE5 LACK+4 0,PEACE \ANTEE+ FRAT]NITY BETWE5 ! PEOPLES & JU/ICE & LIB]TY = ALL2 & WE MU/ PREP>E TO ACCOMPLI% !SE ?+S4 0,MEAN:ILE IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT IT IS CRIM9AL TO DO ANY?+ ?AT T5DS TO PROLONG ! W>1 ?AT SLAUS TO ME ?AT PREA*+ 0W> TO ! 5D0 IS REALLY PLAY+ ! GAME ( ! ,G]MAN RUL]S1 :O >E DECEIV+ !IR SUBJECTS & 9FLAM+ !IR >DOR = FIS #a#i#a#g1 #a#i#a#h1 #aiai >E /ILL 9ACCESSIBLE TO ME1 !RE IS SU* A HOMOG5EITY BETWE5 !SE >TICLES ( #a#i#a#d-#a#f & ?OSE 9 0,UMANITA ,NOVA10 #a#i#b1 & ALL HIS PREVI\S EXPRESSIONS ( HIS IDEA ?AT !IR CONT5TS CAN BE 9F]R$ FROM !SE MAT]IALS4 ,HE MU/ HAVE WELCOM$ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ( #aiag & MORE SO ! SOCIALI/ *>ACT] IT ADOPT$ BY ! TRIUMPH ( :AT IS CALL$ ,BOL%EVISM 9 ,NOVEMB]1 #a#i#a#g1 BUT :ILE CLAIM+ LIB]TY = ,RUSSIANS TO ELABORATE !IR [N TYPE ( SOCIALISM & PROTECT+ AGA9/ WE/]N CAPITALI/ 9T]F]5CE1 HE W\LD ( C\RSE NOT BE FASC9AT$ BY TRIUMPH+ AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNISM1 ANO!R R$ H]R+ TRAIL$ ACROSS ! ADVANCE ( ! ,EUROPEAN PROLET>IAT :I* JU/ BEGAN TO RECOV] A LITTLE FROM ! HOT FEV] ( NATIONALISM ,?IS P>TIAL RECOV]Y FROM NATIONALISM WAS P]HAPS MO/ FELT 9 ,ITALY :]E SOME ( ! ADVANC$ P>TIES NOTABLY C]TA9 LEAD]S1 HAD UND]GONE ! /RONGE/ PATRIOTIC PSY*OSE BUT :]E MO/ O!RS1 ! RANK & FILE BE=E ALL1 HAD )/OOD IT TO A REM>KABLE DEGREE4 ,?IS FACT & ! ,RUSSIAN EV5TS FAVOR$ ! IDEA ( ! FRONTE UNICO RIVOLUZION>IO ! 0ONE REVOLUTION>Y FRONT10 AN IDEA :I* ,AN>*I/S ALWAYS HELD1 BUT :I* HAD LO/ ALL REALI/IC F\NDATION DUR+ ! MANY YE>S :5 SCI5TIFIC SOCIALI/S CAUTI\SLY 0PROV$0 ! *ILDI% ABSURDITY ( REVOLUTIONS & PREA*$ ! BELIEF 9 OBTA9+ EV]Y?+ BY P>LIAM5T>Y ME?ODS4 ,! ,RUSSIAN EXAMPLE HAD JU/ OP5$ !IR EYES & MADE !M AW>E ( ! FACT ?AT REVOLUTIONS >E POSSIBLE AFT] ALL4 ,TO SPEAK MORE PLA9LY1 ! SOCIALI/ LEAD]S C\LD NO LONG] HIDE FROM !IR ADH]5TS ! POSSIBILITY ( REVOLUTIONS & C\LD NOT PREV5T !M FROM COMP>+ !IR %ILLY %ALLY ATTITUDE TO ,MALATE/A'S & O!RS' LIFELONG WORK = ! REVOLUTION1 & A REAL RALLY TO ,MALATE/A BEGAN TO :I* HE RESPOND$ BY PLAC+ :AT HE HAD LEFT ( /R5G?--HE WAS #ff YE>S ( AGE 9 #aiai -- AT ! DISPOSAL ( A UNIT$ EF=T 9 ! RITY CONV5$ TO CELEBRATE SOCIALI/ VICTORIES AT ! ELECTIONS ( ,NOVEMB] #a#f4 #a#i#a#i2 ! 0,AVANTI0 7AS REPRODUC$ BY ! 0,VIE ,\VRI]E0 ( ,JAN4 #b1 #a#i#b7 MAKES HIM SAY3 0,SOME YE>S AGO ,I %\LD HAVE REFUS$ TO ASSI/ AT A MEET+ = ! CELEBRATION ( A VICTORY AT AN ELECTION2 BUT TODAY ! QUE/IONS :I* UNITE US >E MORE NUM]\S & MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ?OSE :I* DIVIDE US4 0,I WI% 9 ?IS CRITICAL H\R1 :5 ALL ! =CES ( REACTION /RIVE TO SUPPRESS ! REVOLUTION1 ?AT ALL REVOLUTION>Y =CES %\LD M>* UNIT$ & SOLID AGA9/ ! COMMON 5EMY40 4 4 4 ,AN>*ISM MEANS FRE$OM2 ! ,AN>*I/ IDEA CANNOT BE REALIZ$ BY VIOL5CE4 ,AN>*I/S ONLY DEM& FRE$OM = ! PEOPLE TO SELECT ! SY/EM !Y PREF]4 7,!SE IDEAS WILL BE F\ND FULL] ELABORAT$ 9 ! >TICLES ( ! 0,UMANITA ,NOVA10 #a#i#b1 ON :I* SEE ,*4 ,X,V,I,I,I47 ,IT WAS 9 ?IS SPIRIT HE RETURN$ TO ,ITALY4 ,! ,RUSSIAN EXP]I5CE S9CE #aiag HAD1 IT APPE>S TO ME1 EMPHASIZ$ BE=E HIS M9D TWO FACTS -- ?AT CONSID]ABLE NUMB]S ( PEOPLE >E DET]M9$ TO REALIZE AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNISM & !REBY W\LD /RIKE A BL[ AT CAPITALISM BUT C\LD NOT CREATE ANY?+ EFFICI5T1 P]MAN5T1 CAPABLE ( G5]ALIZATION1 & ?AT ,AN>*I/S C\LD COOP]ATE ) !M = ! 9ITIAL OV]?R[ ( CAPITALISM1 BUT MU/ !N BE LEFT ABSOLUTELY FREE TO REALIZE !IR [N IDEAL4 ,HE =ESAW ?AT ! SOCIALI/ LEAD]S W\LD NEV] S9C]ELY ADH]E TO ?IS1 BUT ! 5?USIASM ( ! RANK & FILE =C$ !M AT ?AT TIME TO /& ALO( & LET ?+S PASS4 ,:ATEV] HIS P]SONAL EVALUATION ( ! SITUATION MAY HAVE BE51 HE C\LD NOT BUT RESPOND TO CALLS ( OV]:ELM+ 9T5SITY & 5?USIASM1 & SO HE RETURN$ TO ,ITALY TO TRY TO DO HIS BE/ AS SO (T5 BE=E4 ,FIFTY YE>S' /EADY PROGRESS ( ,AN>*ISM 9 ,ITALY CAN SYMBOLICALLY BE EXPRESS$ BY ! ADVANCE FROM ,S\? TO ,NOR? ( ,MALATE/A'S C5T]S ( ACTIVITY4 ,AS ,I HAVE NOTIC$ ALREADY ! ROMANTIC ,CA/EL DEL ,MONTE ( #ahgd IS FOLL[$ BY ! MORE REALI/IC VILLAGES ( ! ,MATESE ,M\NTA9 #a#h#g#g1 ?IS BY A HI/ORIC CAPITAL1 ,FLOR5CE1 #a#h#h#c2 ?IS BY ! LIVELY COMM]CIAL PORT ,ANCONA1 #a#h#i#g1 #a#i#a#c2 & ?IS AT LA/ BY ! 9DU/RIAL CAPITAL ( ,ITALY1 ,MILAN1 #a#i#a#i1 ! V]Y CITY :]E LEGALIT>IAN SOCIALISM HAD ORIG9AT$ & IS /ILL /RONG1 BUT :]E ,AN>*ISM IS FIRMLY IMPLANT$ S9CE ! Y\NG DAYS ( ,PIETRO ,GORI & O!RS AB\T ?IRTY YE>S AGO4 ,S9CE !N ! POLITICAL C5T] ( ,ITALY1 ,ROME1 BECAME HIS ABODE4 ,EXCELL5T PAP]S HAD BE5 PUBLI%$ AT ,MILAN1 ! 0,GRIDO DELTA ,FOLLA0 & 0,PROTE/A ,UMANA0 7BETWE5 #aib & #aiaa OR LAT]7 & A SMALL GR\P ( COMRADES CONCEIV$ ! IDEA ( A DAILY ,AN>*I/ PAP]2 ! ,AN>*I/ ,CONGRESS HELD AT ,FLOR5CE1 ,M>* #a#i#a#i1 APPROV$ ( ?IS2 PRACTICAL PREP>ATIONS BEGAN BY A MEET+ ON ,JUNE #a4 ,AS TOLD 9 0,UMANITA ,NOVA0 ( ,AUG4 #b#h1 #a#i#b1 AT ! 5D ( ,JANU>Y1 #a#i#b1 #b1 LIRE W]E 9 H&1 & )9 ONE YE> NE>LY HALF A MILLION LIRE W]E SUBSCRIB$4 ,?IS REPRES5TS SMALL & MO/LY 9DIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTIONS FROM V]Y GREAT NUMB]S ( COMRADES1 MANY ( :OM LIVE 9 ,AM]ICA & :]EV] !RE >E ,ITALIANS ABROAD4 ,!RE >E LABOR MOVEM5TS ) FUNDS ACCUMULAT$ BY OLD & L>GE ORGANIZATIONS :OSE DELEGATES MI*I/ IDEA & ! KN[L$GE ?AT ,MALATE/A W\LD AGA9 PUT HIS %\LD]S TO ! :EEL & ?AT EFFICI5T WORK W\LD BE DONE4 ,?AT IS ! FAM\S 0ORO /RANI]O0 7=EIGN GOLD7 ( ! 0,UMANITA ,NOVA0 & IDLE JUDGES >E DISPOS$ TODAY TO KEEP ,MALATE/A 9 PRISON UNTIL !Y HAVE EXAM9$ AT LEISURE ! ORIG9 ( EV]Y F>?+ ( IT -- :ILE1 AS HAS BE5 REM>K$1 ! 5DLESS MILLIONS :I* N\RI%$ A P>T ( ! ,ITALIAN PRESS & %AP$ ?AT C\NTRY'S POLICY & ACTION S9CE #a#i#a#e1 ?IS REAL =EIGN GOLD IS 9TANGIBLE4 ,! PUBLICATION ( 0,UMANITA ,NOVA10 PROPOS$ = ,JAN4 #b#d1 #a#i#b1 BEGAN ONLY ,FEB4 #b#g2 #bfb NUMB]S W]E ISSU$ UNTIL ,DEC4 #c#a1 & IT IS REGUL>LY PUBLI%$ S9CE4 ,! PRICE ( PAP] IS AN 5ORM\S DIFFICULTY2 UP TO #ee LIRE W]E PAID = QUANTITIES :I* =M]LY CO/ #c LIRE4 ,BESIDES1 ?IS SEEM$ A CONV5I5T WAY = ! GOV]NM5T TO /RANGLE ! PAP] BY CUTT+ (F ! SUPPLY ( PAP] ALTOGE!R4 ,H]E ! M9]S ( ,VALD>NO HELP$1 :O ON ,M>* #bg TELEGRAPH$ TO ! GOV]NM5T ?AT !Y W\LD SUSP5D ! EXTRACTION ( LIGNITE COAL1 IF 0,UMANITA ,NOVA0 WAS SUSP5D$ = WANT ( PAP]2 ! NEXT DAY1 BY URG5T TELEGRAM1 ! PAP] WAS =?COM+4 ,?IS IS ! ORGAN :I* ,MALATE/A WAS 9VIT$ TO $IT4 ,BUT TRAVEL+1 EV5 9 ! ,WE/ ,EUROPE1 IS A ,/ATE AFFAIR 9 \R M$IEVAL W> & PO/W> TIMES1 & ?\< AFT] AN AMNE/Y 9 ,ITALY HE WAS P]FECTLY FREE TO RETURN1 ?REE GOV]NM5TS PUT !IR HEADS TOGE!R TO MAKE IMPOSSIBLE HIS J\RNEY FROM ,LONDON TO ,MILAN4 ,ONLY :5 9 ! AUTUMN ( #a#i#a#i1 AT ! TIME ( ! ELECTIONS1 MANY MEET+S CALL$ = HIS RETURN1 ! PASSPORT WAS GRACI\SLY GRANT$ BY ! ,ITALIAN FUNCTION>IES 9 ,LONDON1 BUT N[ ,FRANCE PUT 9 H] VETO & REFUS$ TO LET HIM PASS4 ,HE WROTE TO ! 0,AVANTI0 7SEE 0,VIE ,\VRI]E10 ,DEC4 #a#b73 0,! ,FR5* AU?ORITIES REFUSE TO LET ME PASS BY ,FRANCE1 BECAUSE ,I HAVE BE5 EXPELL$ FROM ?AT C\NTRY --- ONLY #d YE>S AGO .<#a#h#g#i.> BECAUSE ,I HAD UNMASK$1 AT A PUBLIC MEET+ HELD 9 ,P>IS4 A SPY ( ! ,ITALIAN CONSULATE AN A PROVOCATOR :O HAD EXCIT$ Y\NG PEOPLE TO ?R[ BOMBS40 ,AFT] ?IS 7SEE 0,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA071 ,TUR91 AS RESUM$ 9 0,VIE ,\VRI]E0 ( ,FEB4 #a#c4 #a#i#b71 ! ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5T DID NOT P]MIT ANY CAPTA9 TO TAKE HIM ON BO>D4 ,?US HE WAS REFUS$ ADMISSION TO A ,GREEK %IP ON :I* HE WAS TO EMB>K ON ,DEC4 #a#a4 ,!N ,CAPTA9 ,ALFR$O ,GIULIETTI1 ! SECRET>Y ( ! ,F$]AZIONE ,ITALIANA DEI ,LAVORATORI DEL ,M>E 7,ITALIAN ,SEAM5'S ,F$]ATION7 ( ,G5OA CAME TO ,LONDON & PLAC$ ,MALATE/A ) FALSE SEAMAN'S PAP]S AT ,C>DIFF ON BO>D ( A COAL+ VESSEL ( ! ,ITALIAN RAILWAYS4 ,SEV5 H\RS AFT] LEAV+ ?IS %IP WAS TOLD BY A WIRELESS MESSAGE ?AT ,MALATE/A WAS ON BO>D4 ,BUT HE WAS SAFE N[1 & 9 ?IS WAY PROCE$$ TO ! PORT ( ,G5OA4 ,! ,SEAM5'S ,F$]ATION IS A V]Y MOD]ATE ORGANIZATION1 & ! SECRET>Y IS A REPUBLICAN 9 :OM ! MEMORY ( ,G>IBALDI1 A SEAMAN ALSO1 IS ALIVE & :O FELT SYMPA?Y ) A C\RAGE\S MAN LIKE ,MALATE/A :OM ALL GOV]NM5TS COMB9$ TO KEEP AWAY FROM HIS C\NTRY4 ,SEE---,URN4 ,NOVA0 ( ,OCT4 #bi 7! /ATEM5T ( ?IS ORGANIZATION ON ,MALATE/A'S PRES5T >RE/71 ALSO ,SEPT4 #af & ,OCT4 #b#b4 ,:5 ! /EAM] >RIV$ AT ,G5OA1 ALL %IPS 9 ! PORT SALUT$2 ALL WORK REPOS$ & ! :OLE WORK+ POPULATION SALUT$ ,MALATE/A ON HIS PASSAGE2 ,TUR91 ,MILAN & ,BOLOGNA GAVE HIM SIMIL> RECEPTIONS1 & = MON?S !RE WAS NO PLACE :]E HE MI AFT] 70,UM4 ,NOVA40 ,DEC4 #b#h1 #a#i#b1 >TICLE ,ORA E UN ANNO6 71 IT WAS WELL EXPOS$ ?AT MANY HAD BELIEV$ OR HOP$ ?AT A *IEF1 A SAVIOR & A LIB]ATOR W\LD RETURN 9 HIS P]SON1 & ,I MAY P]HAPS EXPRESS ?IS 9 ?IS WAY ?AT ! OLD ,G>IBALDI LEG5D & ! REC5T CULT ( ,L59 HAD MIX$ 9 POPUL>1 CONSCI5CE & EXPECT$ TO F9D 9 ,MALATE/A ! SOCIALI/ ,G>IBALDI OR ! ,ITALIAN ,L594 ,?IS MISUND]/&+1 ! FRUIT ( ! WOR%IP ( AU?ORITY BY ALL ADVANC$ P>TIES1 ,AN>*I/S EXCEPT$1 IS TRAGICAL 9DE$4 ,MALATE/A WAS READY = ANY SACRIFICE1 ONLY HE W\LD NOT GRASP AT P[]2 DICTATOR%IP MIE ?US DO+ NO?+ BUT *E] & GO HOME AGA94 ,! SLI 9ITIATIVE W\LD HAVE BEGUN4 ,IT WAS NOT TO BE4 ,! 0,UMANITA ,NOVA10 BE+ A DAILY PAP]1 DIFF]S NECESS>ILY FROM ! WEEKLIES 9 :I* ,MALATE/A TOOK SU* GREAT P>T S9CE #a#h#h#c2 ?IS TIME ! MOVEM5T HAS GR[N SO L>GE ?AT HE CAN NO LONG] DO MO/ ?+S HIMSELF1 >RANGE & DIGE/ ! ?\S&S ( FACTS :I* EV]Y DAY BR+S & ( :I* A QUICK & YET C>EFUL SELECTION HAS TO BE MADE4 ,NEV] P]HAPS SO MANY ACTS ( POPUL> DISCONT5T OCCURR$ 9 ANY C\NTRY4 ,IREL& EXCEPT$1 ?AN ,ITALY WITNESS$ DUR+ ! FIR/ #i OR #a MON?S ( #aib & ACTS ( SOLID>ITY1 TEMPOR>Y G5]AL /RIKES ON ONE SIDE1 BLOODY REPRESSION ON ! O!R SIDE FOLL[$ 9 5DLESS V>IATION1 9T]SP]S$ ) ACTS ( GR[+ BRUTALITY1 >SON & MURD] COMMITT$ AGA9/ ! FRI5DS ( ! PEOPLE BY RAV+ NATIONALI/S 7FASCI/I74 ,FROM ALL !SE SP>KS & SMALL FIRES ! GREAT CONFLAGRATION4 MIIS52 IT DID NOT4 & !SE SCATT]$ \TBREAKS ( #aib & ! YE>S BE=E = A TIME EV5 MAY HAVE HELP$ TO KEEP UP ! PRES5T SY/EM2 TO SPREAD T]ROR 9 ONE LOCALITY AFT] ! O!R BY F]OCI\S REPRESSION WAS ONE ( ! ME?ODS TO GOV]N ,ITALY DUR+ ?IS TIME & LOCAL 5]GIES W]E TOO (T5 CRU%$ PREMATURELY4 ,AT ! PAP] !RE IS A CONT9U\S 9RU% ( SU* NEWS1 NEWS ( ! WIDE-SPREAD PROPAG&A WORK1 & PL5TY ( DISCUSSIONS & POLEMICS1 NOTABLY ) ?OSE :OM ,RUSSIAN COMMUNISM FASC9ATES4 ,MALATE/A MU/ LEAVE ALL ?IS WORK TO O!RS & LIMIT HIMSELF TO >TICLES & NOTES H]E & !RE 9 :I* HE PR9CIPALLY DEALS ) OPPON5TS 9 :OM HE RECOGNIZES GOOD FAI?4 ,! QUIET1 PLA9-SPOK51 %REWD & SCRUPUL\SLY HONE/ =M ( !SE POLEMICS :]E BITS ( SLY HUMOR >E NOT WANT+ & OLD & G5]AL EXP]I5CE PI]CES EV]Y:]E1 REALLY PRES]VE = FUTURE TIMES SOME?+ ( ! LIV+ MATUR$ MAN :O ?US ) UTMO/ FAIRNESS >GUES ) ALL OPPON5TS 9 :OM HE F9DS A P>TICLE ( GOOD FAI?4 ,AT O!R TIMES HE RESUMES HIS [N IDEAS1 MA9LY 9 !IR BE>+ UPON ! PRES5T SITUATION1 :I* IS ! SAME :I* ,AN>*I/S1 :5 !Y GR[ AS /RONG AN !Y >E 9 ,ITALY1 WILL HAVE TO FACE EV]Y:]E4 ,LE ,DUE ,VIE 7,! ,TWO ,WAYS7 1 PUBLI%$ ,AUG4 #e-#a#e1 #a#i#b1 IS REPR9T$ AS A PAMPHLET 7#a#e PP472 ,FRA ,CONTAD9I IS ISSU$ BY T5S ( ?\S&S ( COPIES2 ,9 TEMPO DI ELEZIONI & >E ALSO REPR9T$4 ,AT ! 5D ( ,JANU>Y1 #a#i#b1 A FIR/ MOVE WAS MADE AGA9/ ,MALATE/A BY ! AU?ORITIES AT ,FLOR5CE :O ORD]$ HIS >RE/ = A SPEE* MADE AT A MEET+4 ,!Y D>$ NOT LAY H&S ON HIM :5 HE WAS 9 L>GE T[NS & TOOK HIM FROM ! TRA9 BETWE5 ,LERE/ & HE WAS TO BE S5T BE=E ! ASSISES = ?AT SPEE*4 ,HE HAD A LEGAL RIGES RAIS$ AGA9/ HIM 9 ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#b1 & YET HE REMA9$ 9 PRISON = T5 MON?S4 ,?IS %[S ?AT HIS LIB]ATION 9 ,JANU>Y WAS REALLY DUE TO ! PRESSURE BR\ AS ,I CAN MAKE IT \T1 HE SP5T MORE ?AN #e YE>S 9 ,ITALIAN PRISONS & ON P5AL ISL&S & SEV5 MON?S ( ?IS ONLY BY VIRTUE ( A S5T5CE1 ! RE/ -- MU* OV] #d YE>S -- 9 PRELIM9>Y PRISON OR UND] >RE/ )\T BE+ TRI$ AT ALL4 ,! NUMB] ( YE>S HE PASS$ 9 EXILE1 BY ! WAY1 IS #c#f1 & ANO!R YE> ( PRISON AMONG !M2 ?US ! ,ITALIAN ,/ATE DEPRIV$ HIM = OV] =TY YE>S ( ! RIS RANGE BETWE5 ,BAKUN9'S #cb & ,KROPOTK9'S #de YE>S ( PRISON & EXILE4 FREE ,ITALY HOLD+ WELL H] [N AGA9/ CZ>I/ ,RUSSIA4 ,9 ,FEBRU>Y 0,UMANITA ,NOVA0 BEGAN TO BE PUBLI%$2 ! FACT ?AT COMMUNI/ & 9DIVIDUALI/ ,AN>*I/S TAKE P>T 9 IT IS ANO!R WELCOME EXAMPLE ( MUTUAL TOL]ATION2 ,AN>*ISM IS SO BROAD & L>GE AN IDEA ?AT IT COV]S MORE POSSIBILITIES AS TO ITS ECONOMIC BASIS ?AN ONE ALONE2 BESIDES AN>*I/ 9DIVIDUALISM1 AS EXPRESS$ TODAY BY ,C4 ,MOLAS*I & O!RS 9 ,ITALY1 IS 9 GREAT] H>MONY & CONTACT ) ! G5]AL MOVEM5T ?AN E>LI] DOCTR9>Y & O!R V>IETIES ( 9DIVIDUALISM US$ TO BE4 ,MALATE/A'S IDEAS1 AS SET =? ON ,M>* #a#c1 >E ! COOP]ATION ) ALL ADVANC$ P>TIES TO CRU% ! B\RGEOIS SY/EM & AFT]W>DS ! DEF5SE1 EV5 BY =CE1 ( 0\R RI*I/S %\LD ACCOMPLI% ! ,REVOLUTION BY !MSELVES ALONE1 BECAUSE ?IS W\LD FATALLY PLACE !M 9 ! POSITION ( A GOV]N+ CLASS & PUT !M 9 CONTRADICTION ) !IR IDEAS & AIMS 7RESUM$ FROM 0,LE ,LIB]TAIRE10 ,M>* #b#h74 ,! OCCUPATION ( ! FACTORIES1 ! IDEA TO /AY 9 & NOT TO COME \T OR BE LOCK$ \T IS ALREADY DISCUSS$ 9 ! PAP] 9 ,M>* OR ,APRIL2 SEE EXTRACTS 9 0,LA ,VIE ,\VRI]E10 ,APRIL #a#f4 ,MALATE/A ALWAYS APPEALS TO ! RANK & FILE 9 ALL LABOR ORGANIZATIONS2 IT IS FROM !SE ! COMMON CAUSE WILL RECEIVE SUPPORT1 NOT FROM !IR LEAD]S4 ,IF ! CAPITALI/S EXPLOIT !M1 !Y MAKE NO DI/9CTION ( P>TY & EXPLOIT !M ALL2 IF ! G5D>MES FIRE AT !M1 !Y DO NOT QUE/ION TO :I* ORGANIZATION !Y BELONG2 LET ?IS S]VE AS A LESSON 7RESUM$ FROM 0,LE ,LIB]TAIRE10 ,APRIL #a#h74 ,:5 AN IMM5SE OP5 AIR MEET+1 HELD AT ,MILAN1 ,JUNE #b#b1 HAD EXPRESS$ SYMPA?Y ) ! LOCAL RAILWAYMAN ON /RIKE 7,MALATE/A (F]+ ! SOLID>ITY ( ! G5]AL /RIKE1 IF ! RAILWAYM5 WI%$ IT71 ! PEOPLE RETURN+ HOME W]E ASSAULT$ & FIR$ AT BY G5D>MES1 AID$ BY NATIONALI/S1 FIVE Y\NG WORK]S W]E %OT & MANY W\ND$4 ,MALATE/A 7AS HE WROTE HIMSELF1 0,U4 ,N40 ,JUNE #b#e7 0RETURN+ TO ! C5T] ( ! CITY WAS SUDD5LY CONFRONT$ BY A DISP]S+ CR[D1 HE>D ! HISS+ S\ND ( BULLETS & TOOK UND] A DOORWAY4 ,:AT \4 ,WE WILL GET KILL$1 IF NECESS>Y1 BUT WE WILL NOT COMMIT SUICIDE4 ,WE WANT TO W9444 & W9 WE %ALL40 ,?IS WAS WRITT5 9 REPLY TO NATIONALI/ D5UNCIATIONS :I* GRUDG$ HIM ! %ELT] HE HAD F\ND UND] ! DOORWAY1 :ILE O!R 0EX-COMBATT5TI0 CIRCULAT$ ?REATS ( DEA? 7SEE 0,U4 ,N410 ,JULY #c7 ,AT ! FUN]AL ( ! VICTIMS HE SAID3 0,\R HI< IDEAL IS NOT VIOL5CE BUT PEACE1 A SOCIETY ( PEOPLE :O >E FREE & EQUAL1 9 :I* CONFLICTS & MASSACRES WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE4 ,VIOL5CE IS NOT \RS1 BUT !IRS1 ( ! GOV]N+ CLASS :I* OPPRESSES1 TRAMPLES ON ! GR\ND & MURD]S ! WEAK]4 ,!RE IS NO?+ LEFT TO ! PROLET>IAT BUT TO1 REACT VIOL5TLY AGA9/ !IR VIOL5CE & TO PUT LEAD AGA9/ LEAD TO CRU% VIOL5CE4--- 70,U4 ,N410 ,JUNE #b#f7 ,AB\T ?IS TIME A MILIT>Y REVOLT -- ( SOLDI]S REFUS+ TO BE S5T TO ,ALBANIA -- OCCURR$ AT ,ANCONA4 ,IT SEEM$ RA!R ?AT LOCAL 5]GY WAS WORN \T & FRITT]$ AWAY BY ISOLAT$ MOVEM5TS1 BUT ! EF=T TO WORK COLLECTIVELY BY DEM&+ AN AMNE/Y1 ! LIB]ATION ( ! POLITICAL & MILIT>Y PRISON]S W]E NEI!R SECOND$ BY DIRECT ACTION NOR DID !Y MEET ) PROP] RESPONSE FROM ALL ! SOCIALI/ & LABOR ORGANIZATIONS :I* HAD TO BE CONSULT$4 ,!IR LEAD]S US$ PROCRA/9ATION & HELP$ ?US ! GOV]NM5T TO OV]COME ! DIFFICULT SITUATION4 ,!Y W]E F> FROM RESPOND+ TO ,MALATE/A'S G5]\S APPEAL = COOP]ATION AGA9/ ! COMMON 5EMY2 !IR POLICY WAS TO GA9 TIME1 TO LET ! LOCAL 5?USIASM BURN ITSELF \T1 TO ISOLATE ! ,AN>*I/S4 ,9 ALL ?IS !Y ACT$ FULLY 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! GOV]NM5T & ! CAPITALI/ CLASS1 S9CE !Y1 ! LEAD]S NATURALLY PREF]R$ ! PRES5T SY/EM :I* VALUES !M SO HI< AS ! BORN MIDDLEM5 BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR1 TO A REVOLUTION>Y SY/EM :I* W\LD F9D !M \T1 SWEEP !M AWAY1 NAY1 :I* MII/OCRACY ( LABOR MADE ITSELF QUITE SMALL :5 FACE TO FACE ) ,MALATE/A & ! PEOPLE OR ! RANK & FILE1 BUT !IR OB/RUCTION & SABOTAGE NEV] CEAS$1 & ,GIOLITTI1 ! NEW PRIME M9I/]1 WAS ! MAN = :OM !IR HE>TS W]E BEAT+4 ,9 ?IS SITUATION ! SECOND CONGRESS ( ! ,UNIONE ,AN>*ICA ,ITALIANA WAS HELD AT ,BOLOGNA1 ,JULY #a-#d1 #a#i#b1 ,MALATE/A BE+ PRES5T4 ,I MU/ REF] TO 0,UMANITA ,NOVA0 OR O!R PAP]S = DETAIL$ 9=MATION4 ,MALATE/A REPORT$ ON A DECL>ATION ( PR9CIPLES1 CULM9AT+ 9 0EXPROPRIATION ( ! POSSESSORS ( ! L& & CAPITAL = ! B5EFIT ( ALL & ABOLITION ( GOV]NM5T0 & UNTIL ?IS CAN BE BR\ =CES2 CONT9U\S /RUGGLE1 PACIFIC OR VIOL5T1 ACCORD+ TO CIRCUM/ANCES1 AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T & ! POSSESSORS TO CONQU] AS MU* POSSIBLE ( FRE$OM & WELL-BE+ = ALL40 ,9 ! DISCUSSION ON A ,PATTO D'ALLEANZA FRA GLI AN>*ICI1 ,MALATE/A F9DS ! =MULA3 0,9DIVIDUAL AUTONOMY LIMIT$ BY ! OBLIGATION TO HOLD GIV5 PROMISES40 ,ON ! FRONTE UNICO HE SAYS ?AT1 IF WE WANT ! REVOLUTION1 WE MU/ LOOK = ! HELP ( ALL :O WANT ! REVOLUTION1 BECAUSE ,AN>*ISM CANNOT BE REALIZ$ UNLESS ! GR\ND IS FIR/ CLE>$2 WE MU/ SEEK TO COME NE>] TO ! RANK & FILE1 NOT TO ! *IEFS4 ,9 ?IS CONNECTION IT IS RESOLV$3 0,! CONGRESS APPROVES & ADVISES ?AT -- \TSIDE ( EXI/+ P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS -- LOCAL GR\PS 7NUCLEI7 ( ACTION BE =M$ AMONG ALL ELEM5TS :O PL$GE !MSELVES ON ! FIR/ OCCASION ?AT MAY BE SE5 OR =ESE5 TO DESC5D 9 ! >5A ( FACTS TO OV]?R[ ) ALL MEANS ! PRES5T 9/ITUTIONS40 ,?IS APPROVAL TO 5T] 9TO LOCAL CONTACT ) O!RS1 AS LOCAL VIGILANCE COMMITTEES & SIMIL> 9/ITUTIONS DID AT ALL TIMES1 LAT] ON S]V$ AS A *>GE AGA9/ ! >RE/$ COMRADES4 ,! IDEA ( 9T]NATIONAL AN>*I/ RELATIONS LIKE ?OSE =M$ AT ! ,AM/]DAM ,CONGRESS 7#a#i#g7 WAS APPROV$ & ! QUE/ION ( AN AN>*I/ 9T]NATIONAL NATIONAL CONGRESS = ! 9/ITUTION ( AN ,9T]NAZIONALE ,AN>*ICA WAS PROPOS$ BY ,B9AZZI & ,BOLDR9 = EXAM9ATION4 ,A RESOLUTION1 BY ,BOLDR9I & ,MALATE/A1 PROTE/S AGA9/ :AT IS DONE 9 C]TA9 LOCALITIES1 NAMELY1 ?AT WORK]S >E =C$ TO JO9 ORGANIZATIONS UND] ! ?REAT ( NOT BE+ P]MITT$ TO WORK4 ,?IS TAKES ALL IDEALI/IC CONCEPTIONS & SPIRIT ( /RUGGLE FROM SU* ORGANIZATIONS & P]MEATES !M ) ! G]MS ( DISSOLUTION4 ,I MU/ OMIT A DISCUSSION ON SYNDICALI/ ORGANIZATIONS 9 :I* ,MALATE/A SAID ?AT IT WAS NOT TRUE ?AT ! ,AN>*I/S W]E ON COLD T]MS ) ! ,UNIONE ,S9DICALE ,ITALIANA2 ! CONTR>Y WAS ! CASE4 ,HE P]SONALLY WAS TO A GREAT P>T 9DEBT$ TO ! ACTION ( ! ,U4 ,S4 ,I41 IF HE HAD BE5 ABLE TO COME TO ,ITALY4 ETC4 7SEE 0,U4 ,W' ,JULY #a74 ,?IS IS ! L>GE ORGANIZATION1 DAT+ FROM ! ,MOD5A ,CONGRESS ( #a#i#a#b1 ( :I* ,>M&O ,BORY4 ,! CORRESPOND+ COMMISSION ( ! ,UNIONE ,AN>*ICA ,ITALIANA RESID$ AT ,BOLOGNA2 ! DECL>ATION ( PR9CIPLES4 ETC41 WILL BE F\ND 9 ! PAMPHLET 0,PROGRAMMA AN>*ICO ACCETTATO AL ,CONGRESSO DELL' ,U ,C4 ,I4 ,A40 ,ON ,JULY #ab ! (FICES ( ! PAP]1 ,MALATE/A'S ROOMS & ! PREMISES ( ! ,UNIONE ,AN>*ICA ,MILANESE1 ( :I* HE IS A MEMB]1 W]E SE>*$ UND] PRETEXT ( A LOTT]Y -- :I* !Y HAD NEV] 9 ANY =M PROMOT$ 0,U4 ,N410 ,JULY #a#e74 ,! CONF]5CE ( DELEGATES FROM L>GE ORGANIZATIONS TO LIB]ATE ! POLITICAL PRISON]S ME AT ,FLOR5CE1 ,AUG4 #a#e4 ,MALATE/A & ,BONAZZI REPRES5T+ ! ,U4 ,A4 ,T4 ,IT IS NOT WOR? :ILE TO RECORD ! T]GIV]SATIONS ( ! MOD]ATE P>TIES & !IR LEAD]S TO FRU/RATE ALL UNIT$ EF=TS & TO %ELVE ! QUE/ION4 ,?IS CONF]5CE REFUS$ TO 5T] 9TO ANY CONTACT ) ! REPUBLICAN LEAD]S BECAUSE ( !IR ATTITUDE DUR+ ! W>1 :ILE NOT REFUS+ SOLID>ITY ) 9DIVIDUAL REPUBLICAN WORK]S2 ,MALATE/A EXPLA9$ ?IS ATTITUDE 9 SEV]AL >TICLES4 ,9 ! DISCUSSION ! 9EFFICI5CY ( SIMPLE /RIKES WAS MA9TA9$ & NEW ME?ODS ( EFFICI5T ACTION W]E TO BE /UDI$4 ,?IS QUE/ION CAME SOON TO ! FRONT 9 A WAY ?AT BY A S+LE /ROKE BECAME WORLD WIDE KN[N1 BY ! OCCUPATION ( ! FACTORIES BY ! METAL WORK]S4 ,! QUE/IONS ( POLITICAL PRISON]S & ?AT ( EXPRESS+ SOLID>ITY ) ,REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA W]E ONCE MORE DISCUSS$ AT ! ,BOLOGNA CONF]5CE1 ,AUG4 #b#h1 ,MALATE/A & ,BONAZZI BE+ PRES5T AS BE=E4 ,?IS TIME MOD]ATE LEAD]S ASSI/$ ALSO & A MANIFE/O WAS SIGN$ BY ! ,P>TITO ,SOCIALI/A ,ITALIANO SIDE BY SIDE ) ! ,UNIONE ,AN>*ICA ,ITALIANA1 ! MOD]ATE ,CONF$]AZIONE ,G5]ALE DEL ,LAVORO1 & ! ,UNIONE ,SYNDICALE ,ITALIANA1 ! ,SOCIALI/ 0,AVANTI0 & ! 0,UMANITA ,NOVA0 ETC4 70,U4 ,N410 ,AUG4 #c#a74 ,! METAL WORK]S HAD !N ALREADY BEGUN OB/RUCTIONI/ TACTICS 7O/RAZIONISMO OP]AIO7 9 ! FACTORIES1 AB\T ,AUG4 #b1 & AT ! CLOSE ( ,AUGU/ & DUR+ ! FIR/ DAYS ( ,SEPTEMB] ?AT WOND]FUL & HI!RTO UNIQUE PH5OM5ON1 ! OCCUPATION ( ! FACTORIES BY ! WORK]S BEGAN1 A GRIM1 DET]M9$1 EFFICI5T & COMPLETE OCCUPATION1 READY = >M$ DEF5SE1 IF NECESS>Y1 & MEAN:ILE C>RY+ ON ! USUAL WORK 9 A COMPET5T WAY1 AS IF CAPITALISM HAD NEV] EXI/$4 ,! FACTS & FEATURES ( !SE ?REE WEEKS >E TOO WELL-REMEMB]$ EV]Y:]E ?AT FUR!R DESCRIPTION MIY4 ,!Y W]E COMM5T$ ON 9 0,U4 ,N40 DAY BY DAY 9 >TICLES ( EM95T 9T]E/1 9 :I* ! LESSONS ( EV]Y DAY'S NEW EXP]I5CE & S\ND NEW ADVICE BAS$ ON ?IS EXP]I5CE >E PUT =W>D ) EXCEPTIONAL 9TELLIG5CE4 ,IT BECAME SOON EVID5T ?AT ! MOVEM5T1 L>GE AS IT WAS1 TO REMA9 A SUCCESS REQUIR$ ACTIVE EXT5SION2 FROM ! FACTORIES TO ! PRODUC]S1 EXTRACTORS1 C>RI]S & IMPORT]S ( RAW MAT]IALS2 AGA9 FROM ! FACTORIES TO ! AGRICULTURI/S :O USE MA*9]Y1 & FROM ! COOP]ATIVE & O!R ASSOCIATIONS :O COLLECT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE TO ! FACTORY WORK]S :O WANT$ FOOD & C\LD GIVE TOOLS & MA*9]Y 9 RETURN2 FROM ! FACTORIES ALSO TO ! ,RUSSIAN PEASANTS :O WANT TOOLS & W\LD S5D :EAT1 IF ! SEAM5 & TRANSPORT WORK]S W\LD 9SI/ TO WORK AT ?IS K9D ( TRAFFIC 9/EAD ( H&L+ CONT9U\SLY W> MAT]IALS TO TRANSPORT !SE & SOLDI]S TO EV]Y P>T ( ! GLOBE :]E CAPITALI/ W>S & ! REPRESSION ( REVOLUTIONS >E C>RI$ ON4 ,NO?+ ( ALL ?IS WAS DONE1 BUT ! LESSON IS NOT =GOTT5 & ! MA*9]Y ( EXPROPRIATION CANNOT HE P]FECT AT ! FIR/ ATTEMPT4 ,! PO9T WAS ALSO RAIS$ BY ALL 5EMIES & WAV]]S ?AT A REVOLUTION>Y ,ITALY W\LD BE BOYCOTT$ & BLOCKAD$ BY ! ALL P[]FUL CAPITALI/ ,/ATES :O CONTROL ! PRES5T DE/9IES ( M51 BY ,5GL& & ,AM]ICA4 ,I ?9K ?AT IF AN ,ITALIAN REVOLUTION HAD REALLY HAPP5$ !N1 EV5 !SE LA/ /RONY ,RUSSIA WAS NOT AN UNMITIGAT$ SUCCESS4 ,! QUE/ION WAS S]I\SLY EXAM9$ 9 >TICLES ( 0,UMANITA ,NOVA10 REPR9T$ AS ,FATTORI ECONOMICI PEL SUCCESSO DELLA RIVOLUZONE SOCIALE .<,ECONOMIC ,FACTORS = ! ,SUCCESS ( ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION.> BY 0,EPIFANE0 7,MILANO1 #a#i#b71 %[+ H[ ! RES\RCES2 ( ,ITALY C\LD BE US$ BY ! WORK]S & PEASANTS TO HOLD !IR [N AGA9/ BOYCOTT & BLOCKADE4 ,MALATE/A 7:O T[>DS ! 5D ( ,AUGU/ HAD GIV5 A CR[D$ LECTURE AT ,GRECO NE> ,MILAN1 0,U4 ,N410 ,AUG4 #b#h7 SOMETIMES VISIT$ ! FACTORIES UND] OCCUPATION4 ,?IS IS GRAPHICALLY DESCRIB$ 9 0,U4 ,N410 ,SEPT4 #a#b2 USELESS TO SAY ?AT HE WAS 5?USIA/ICALLY RECEIV$ EV]Y:]E1 09 ! R$ TR5*ES0 7TR9CEE ROSSE71 AS ! PAP] SAYS1 :]E ! UNIT$ FRONT REALLY EXI/$4 ,HE URG$ ! M5 TO CONT9UE TO /AY !RE1 NOT TO LEAVE1 OR !Y W\LD COME BACK AGA9 AS SLAVES4 ,IF HE MU/ NOT HAVE FELT ?AT ALL ?IS TIME ! WORK]S W]E BETRAY$ BY !IR HORROR-/RICK5 LEAD]S :O WANT$ BUT TO COME TO SOME >RANGEM5T ) ! CAPITALI/S & TO ESCAPE FROM A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION1 & ?AT HE & HIS FRI5DS :O SAW CLE> W]E /ILL TO WEAK TO MAKE !IR 9FLU5CE G5]ALLY FELT1 !SE VISITS MIGE/ 9DU/RIAL CITY ( ,ITALY :]E ! CAPITALI/ HAD BE5 %[N ! DOOR & :]E ! WORK]S >RANG$ !IR [N AFFAIRS 9 A FRANK1 BRO!RLY WAY AS !Y WILL DO EV]Y:]E :5 !Y *OOSE TO WI% TO BE FREE4 ,?AT VOLUNT>Y SUBMISSION1 LA S]VITUDE VOLONTAIRE ( ,LA ,BOETIE IS ! GREATE/ MA9/AY ( TYRANNY & EXPLOITATION1 WAS NEV] SO CLE> AS !N4 ,& ! TREA*]Y ( ! LEAD]S :O L$ BACK !SE FREE WORK]S TO SLAV]Y WILL DISCR$IT LEAD]%IP F> MORE ?AN !Y PR(IT$ BY !IR MOM5T>Y SUCCESS4 ,I TRANSLATE FROM 0,LA ,VIE ,\VRI]E0 7,OCT4 #h7 AN ADDRESS BY ,MALATE/A TO ! WORK]S ( ONE ( ! FACTORIES AT ,MILAN1 TAK5 FROM 0,UMANITA ,NOVA03 0,?OSE :O CELEBRATE ! AGREEM5T SIGN$ AT ,ROME . AS A GREAT VICTORY ( Y\RS >E DECEIV+ Y\4 ,! VICTORY 9 REALITY BELONGS TO ,GIOLITTI1 TO ! GOV]NM5T & ! B\RGEOISIE :O >E SAV$ FROM ! PRECIPICE OV] :I* !Y W]E HANG+4 0,NEV] 9 ,ITALY REVOLUTION WAS NE>] ) SO MANY *ANCES ( SUCCESS4 ,! B\RGEOISIE TREMBL$1 ! GOV]NM5T WAS P[]LESS TO FACE ! SITUATION4 ,=CE & VIOL5CE W]E NOT US$ BECAUSE Y\ UND]/OOD TO OPPOSE A SUP]IOR =CE TO ?AT ( ! GOV]NM5T1 BECAUSE BY CONQU]+ ! FACTORIES1 BY G>NI%+ !M ) ! MEANS = ATTACK & DEF5SE :I* W> HAS TAURY IT ON 9 A ?OR\< WAY4 ,Y\ WILL EXPEL ! EMPLOY]S FROM ! FACTORIES & Y\ WILL ONLY LET !M COME BACK AS WORK]S1 Y\R EQUALS1 READY TO WORK = !MSELVES & ALL O!RS4 ,NO?+ IS LO/ IF Y\ HAVE NO ILLUSION ON ! DECEIV+ *>ACT] ( ! VICTORY4 ,! FAM\S DECREE ON ! CONTROL ( FACTORIES IS A MOCK]Y1 BECAUSE IT T5DS TO CREATE A NEW HO/ ( (FICIALS1 COM+ FROM Y\R RANKS1 :O WILL NO LONG] DEF5D Y\R 9T]E/S BUT !IR NEW SITUATION1 & BECAUSE IT T5DS TO H>MONIZE Y\R 9T]E/S & ?OSE ( ! B\RGEOIS :I* IS LIKE H>MONIZ+ ! 9T]E/S ( ! WOLF & ! %EEP4 ,DON'T BELIEVE ?OSE ( Y\R LEAD]S :O MAKE FOOLS ( Y\ BY ADJ\RN+ ! REVOLUTION FROM DAY TO DAY4 ,Y\ Y\RSELVES MU/ MAKE ! REVOLUTION :5 AN OCCASION WILL (F] ITSELF1 )\T WAIT+ = ORD]S :I* NEV]1 COME OR :I* COME ONLY TO 5JO9 Y\ TO AB&ON ACTION4 ,HAVE CONFID5CE 9 Y\RSELVES1 HAVE FAI? 9 Y\R FUTURE & Y\ WILL W940 ,REACTION !N ( C\RSE CAME ON FA/4 ,BE=E DESCRIB+ H[ IT /RUCK AT ,MALATE/A1 ,I MAY M5TION A FEW ( HIS LA/ >TICLES OR DO+S NOT YET M5TION$1 = HE WORK$ ON1 UNCEAS+LY & WAS NEV] 9 BETT] DISPOSITION ?AN :5 HE WAS /RUCK4 ,LA PRICOSI AUTORIT>IA DEL ,P>TIDO ,SOCIALI/A 70,U4 ,N4 444 ,OCT4 #c74 ,AN*E QUE/A6 ,A PROPOSITO DI MASSON]IA 7,OCT4 #g71 & ,LA DITTATURA DI 4 4 4 ,MALATE/A66 7,OCT4 #a#b7 >E ! ?REE LA/ >TICLES ,I KN[4 ,HE COMP>ES ,M>X'S & ,L59'S AU?ORIT>IAN DO+S 9 !IR RESPECTIVE ,9T]NATIONALS2 ,L59 WILL RU9 HIS AS ,M>X DID 9 HIS TIME4 ,9 ! NEXT >TICLE HE IS L$ BY ! ASS]TION ( SOCIALI/S ?AT HE IS A FREEMASON TO TELL ( HIS %ORT MASONIC EXP]I5CE ( #a#h#g#e-#g#f1 A WELCOME ADDITION TO ?IS BIOGRAPHY 7SEE ABOVE74 ,! LA/ >TICLE %[S HIM 9 A HUMOR\S VE9 DEAL+ ) A Y\NG OPPON5T :O SEEMS TO ?9K HIMSELF V]Y MU* UP TO DATE4 0,BUT ! TRU? IS0 --,MALATE/A 5DS-- 0?AT :AT Y\ & ,I SAY >E ?+S :I* W]E KN[N OV] AGA9 AT ! PREHI/ORIC TIME 7AS ',SIMPLICO' . SAYS TO MAKE ME RAGE7 :5 ,I WAS A LITTLE BOY40 ,& !N1 LESS ?AN A WEEK AFT]1 HIS VOICE IS SIL5C$ BEH9D PRISON B>S & REMA9$ SO = MANY MON?S4 ,HE HAD ALSO WELCOM$ !SE LA/ WEEKS ! RE-OP5+ ( ! ,MODEM ,S*OOL AT ,CLIVIO 7,OCTOB] #c71 S9CE CLOS$ BY A GOV]NM5T (FICIAL 70,U4 ,N40 ,FEB4 #a#g1 #a#i#b#a71 & HE MET HIS COMRADES ( ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,UNIONE ,AN>*ICA ,ITALIANA1 #bb \T ( #c1 AT !IR FIR/ SIX-MON?LY MEET+ AT ,BOLOGNA1 ,OCT #a1 :]E HE RESPOND$ ON ! ACTION = ! POLITICAL PRISON]S & :]E IT WAS RESOLV$ TO 5T] 9 CONTACT ) ! ,SOCIALI/-,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION ( ,HOLL&1 :I* PROPOS$ TO ORGANIZE AN ,9T]NATIONAL ,AN>*I/ ,CONGRESS 70,U4 ,N40 ,OCT4 #a#d4 #a#i#b74 ,:5 ! MOD]ATE LEAD]S /ABB$ 9 ! BACK ! WOND]FUL METAL WORK]S' MOVEM5T >RE/+ ?AT ADVANCE T[>DS COLLECTIVE PROP]TY ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 !Y GAVE IMPLICITLY FULL P[] TO REACTION TO TRY TO CRU% ! ADVANC$ P>TIES4 ,I NE$ NOT RECORD ! FIR/ /EPS TAK52 EV]Y DAY WAS M>K$ BY SOME ACT :I* BUT A FEW WEEKS AGO !Y W\LD NOT HAVE D>$ TO DO4 ,ON ,OCTOB] ,I#b ,>MONDO ,BORY ( ! ,UNIONE ,S9DICALE ,ITALIANA1 WAS >RE/$ AT ,MILAN BY SOME ORD] DAT+ FROM ,JULY #b1 BUT :I* HAD NEV] BE5 EXECUT$ BE=E4 ,IT WAS MEANT TO /RIKE AT ! ORGANIZATION2 HIS WIFE1 ,VIRGILIA ,/4 ,&REA1 :O CONT9U$ HIS WORK1 WAS >RE/$ ALSO1 & ON ! #b#a/ AB\T #be DELEGATES ( ! SOCIETY1 MEET+ AT ,BOLOGNA1 W]E ALL >RE/$ 9 A BODY4 ,?IS IS NOT AN AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION1 BUT A /RICTLY SYNDICALI/ BODY ( AB\T #c1 WORK]S4 7,SEE---0,U4 ,N0 ,OCT4 #a#d1 #b#c1 ,NOV4 #bh & ,FEB4 #e4 #a#i#b#a2 0,VIE ,\VRI]E10 ,NOV4 #b#h4 #a#i#a#i47 ,BORT ( ! GREAT 0PLOT40 ,ON ,OCTOB] #ad MEET+S W]E HELD ALL OV] ,ITALY TO DEM& ! RELEASE ( ! POLITICAL PRISON]S & TO EXPRESS SOLID>ITY ) ,REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA1 TO PREV5T ! GOV]NM5T FROM L5D+ A H& TO ALL ?AT IS CON/ANTLY DONE BY ALL CAPITALI/ ,/ATES TO RE/ORE CAPITALI/ RULE 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,TWO H\RS CESSATION ( WORK 7FROM #c TO #e ,P4 ,M47 =M$ P>T ( ?IS DEMON/RATION :I* PASS$ ( PEACEFULLY EV]Y:]E1 SOME LOCAL 9CID5TS EXCEPT$4 ,AT ,BOLOGNA1 :5 ! MEET+ WAS OV]1 A PROCESSION P>AD$ ! /REETS :I*1 :5 AFT] A TIME NO DEF9ITE PURPOSE WAS 9 VIEW1 WAS 9DUC$ BY ! CRIES ( SOME TO M>* TO ! PRISON1 SITUAT$ 9 AN OLD & N>R[ QU>T] ( ! CITY4 ,H]E1 :ILE MO/ EXPECT$ ?AT AFT] LI/5+ TO A %ORT SPEE* !Y W\LD DISSOLVE1 FIR+ BEGAN FROM ! PRISON OR SOME B>RACKS OR BY UNKN[N P]SONS2 A POLICEMAN & A DETECTIVE W]E KILL$1 ETC4 7,SEE ,I ,FATTI DEL ,CAS]MONE DEL #ad ,OTTOBRE A ,BOLOGNA1 0,U4 ,N0 ,NOV4 #b#a1 A DETAIL$ DESCRIPTION %[+ ?AT !SE 9CID5TS W]E QUITE DISCONNECT$ ) ! MEET+74 ,?IS GAVE AT LA/ ! DESIR$ PRETEXT = G5]AL >RE/S AT ,MILAN1 :]E ON ! #a#e? ! (FICE ( 0,UMANITA ,NOVA0 WAS RAID$1 ! $ITORIAL /AFF >RE/$1 EV]Y?+ SE>*$1 ALSO ! ROOMS ( ,MALATE/A :O WAS ABS5T AT ,BOLOGNA 70,U4 ,N0 ,OCT4 #a#f74 ,MORE ?AN #h >RE/S W]E MADE AT ,MILAN1 & ,OCT4 #ag 9 ! MORN+ ,MALATE/A WAS >RE/$ ALSO4 ,HE HAD JU/ >RIV$ FROM ,BOLOGNA1 VISIT$ ! (FICE ( ! PAP] & !N W5T HOME :]E GR\PS ( POLICE AG5TS WAIT$ = HIM4 ,AFT] AN 9T]ROGATORY AT ,SAN ,F$ELE HE WAS L$ TO ! PRISON ( ,SAN ,VITTORE :]E A CANNON FLANK$ BY MA*9E GUNS WAS !N DISPOS$ AT ! 5TRANCE 70,U4 ,N0 ,OCT4 #a#i74 ,IT WILL BE ( 9T]E/ TO RECALL HIS LA/ FEW DAYS ( FRE$OM AS TOLD BY A COMRADE AT ,BOLOGNA 70,U4 ,N40 ,NOV4 #ba & ,FEB4 #a#c1 #a#i#b#a74 ,HIS ACTIVITY AS A PUBLIC SPEAK] WAS TURN$ 9TO A *>GE AGA9/ HIM BY ! ACCUSATION4 ,AGA9/ ?IS IT IS EXPLA9$ ?AT N9E-T5?S ( HIS MEET+S W]E HELD BY ! 9ITIATIVE ( O!RS1 )\T PREVI\SLY CONSULT+ HIM1 SOMETIMES TO HIS DISPLEASURE1 AS HE HAD TO NEGLECT O!R OBLIGATIONS4 ,BUT :AT C\LD HE DO8 ,IF HE W5T ANY:]E1 ! ANN\NCEM5TS ( MEET+S W]E READY1 ! HALLS TAK51 A MOTOR C> AT ! DOOR TO TAKE HIM FROM PLACE TO PLACE 9 ! NEI ,HE C\LD NOT REFUSE TO BE A SPEAK] ON ! #a#d?1 :5 HE WAS ! ?IRD ( SIX OR SEV5 SPEAK]S :O ADDRESS$ T5S ( ?\S&S ON A L>GE SQU>E1 BUT :O C\LD NOT MAKE !IR VOICES HE>D TO ! IMM5SE CR[D4 ,HE MADE ! USUAL S$ATE & PRECISE SPEE* )\T RHETORICAL FL\RI% & 9CITEM5TS1 ! LEA/ VIOL5T 9 T]MS ( ALL ! SPEE*ES & YET ! ACCUSATION BR+S =W>D A PRET5D$ V]SION ( HIS SPEE* :I* IS 9V5T$ 9 ALL P>TS4 ,IT IS REM>K$ ?AT IF ANY VIOL5CE HAD BE5 9T5D$ ?AT DAY 9 ,BOLOGNA1 !RE W\LD HAVE BE5 O!R PO9TS ( ATTACK & NOT /ONE WALLS WELL DEF5D$ 9 OLD N>R[ /REETS4 ,MALATE/A IMM$IATELY AFT] ! MEET+ W5T TO ! ,LABOR ,EX*ANGE 7,CAM]A DEL ,LAVORO7 CLOSE BY & WROTE A POLEMICAL LETT] ON FREE MASONRY TO ! LOCAL CAPITALI/ PAP]1 ! 0,RE/O DEL ,C>L9O10 :I* HAD *>G$ HIM 9 ! MORN+ TO BE A 0FRATELLO DORMI5TE0 7ON ?IS SEE 0,U4 ,N40 ,DEC4 #e72 :ILE BE+ !RE HE HE>D ! NEWS ( ! TRAG$Y NE> ! PRISON4 ,HE /AY$ AT ,BOLOGNA ! TWO FOLL[+ DAYS 7#a#e1 #a#f7 & WAS NOT 9T]F]$ )4 ,NO G5]AL EF=T TO LIB]ATE HIM BY POPUL> DEMON/RATIONS WAS MADE4 ,WE READ ( ! LOCAL G5]AL /RIKE AT ,C>R>A1 IMM$IATELY PROCLAIM$ BY ! ,CAM]A DEL ,LAVORO ,S9DICALE 70,U4 ,N40 ,OCT4 #b#a2 SEE ALSO ,OCT4 #b#d1 #b#g72 BUT SU* SCATT]$ EF=TS EXCEPT$ ! PROTE/ WAS LIMIT$ TO SPEE*ES OR RESOLUTIONS & A SOCIALI/ MANIFE/O 7,FLOR5CE2 0,U4 ,N40 ,OCT4 #b#b74 ,?IS P]MITT$ ,GIOLITTI TO BOA/ TO ! 0,MAN*E/] ,GU>DIAN0 7,DEC4 #a 7 ?AT NO PROTE/S W]E MADE & A RECTIFICATION ( ! 0,UMANITA ,NOVA0 WAS REFUS$ 9S]TION 70,U4 ,N40 ,DECEMB] #a#i74 ,! ,UNIONE ,AN>*ICA (FICES AT ,BOLOGNA W]E RAID$ 7,OCT4 #a#g71 & ! BOOKS ( ! 0,UMANITA ,NOVA0 W]E SEIZ$ 7,OCT4 #b#e2 S4 0,U4 ,N40 ,OCT4 #b#f71 ! MANAG] >RE/$ = SOME TIME1 ETC4 ,AS A PRISON] ,MALATE/A WAS TREAT$ ) %ABBY CRUELTY4 ,HE IS NO LONG] Y\NG & EV]Y?+ SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 DONE TO DEPRESS HIM PHYSICALLY4 ,HE HAD FEV] & BRON*ITIS & W\LD GET NO PROP] TREATM5T4 ,W>M FOOD S5T 9 FROM \TSIDE1 AS IS HIS RIE NO MEANS TO GET CUR$ 9 A RATIONAL WAY4 ,BUT BE NOT AL>M$1 LET US HOPE ?AT IT WILL PASS40 ,HE IS NOT ! MAN TO UTT] COMPLA9TS1 SO !SE FEW WORDS SAY MU*1 REM>KS 0,U4 ,N40 7,NOV4 #b#h74 ,FROM ALL ONE READS AB\T ! PREP>ATION ( ! ACCUSATION1 IT BECOMES EVID5T ?AT ! LEGAL (FICIALS ( ! GOV]NM5T1 UPON ORD]S FROM ,ROME1 />T$ ) NO?+ 9 H& BUT :AT ! LOCAL POLICE MIGES !RE=E1 & ?AT1 BY LAY+ HOLD ON ALL M5 & ALL DOCUM5TS !Y C\LD F9D1 !Y TRI$ TO CONNECT ! PRISON]S BY HOOK & BY CROOK ) AB\T EV]Y?+ ?AT HAD HAPP5$ 9 ,ITALY 9 #aib OR BE=E 7S9CE ! AMNE/Y74 ,!Y W\LD OP]ATE ) :AT WAS A PRIORI TO BE EXPECT$ & ) 0MORAL RESPONSIBILITIES10 EXPECT+ A PRIORI EV]Y?+ FROM M5 LIKE ! ACCUS$ & CONNECT+ !M BY 0MORAL RESPONSIBILITY0 EV]Y WORD !Y SPOKE OR WROTE ) ANY MAT]IAL FACT ( !IR [N SELECTION4 ,! ACCUS$ C\LD NOT BUT WI% ?AT !SE ?+S %\LD HAPP51 !RE=E !Y PLOTT$ TO HAVE !M DONE OR !RE=E !Y MU/ HAVE DONE !M4 ,?IS IS AB\T ! JU/ICE ?AT ,GIOLITTI MEANT TO METE \T TO !SE VICTIMS :OSE CASE ! :OLE C\NTRY WAT*$2 :AT AB\T O!RS :O >E LITTLE KN[N8 ,SOME T]RORI/ ACTS HAD OCCURR$ AT ,MILAN & ! FIR/ 9T]ROGATIONS W]E DIRECT$ TO 9QUIRE = ! OP9IONS ( ! PRISON]S ON !SE T]RORI/ ACTS4 ,! ,ITALIAN CODE RECOGNIZES NO 0MORAL RESPONSIBILITY0 & MOREOV] ! RESPONSIBILITY = >TICLES 9 PAP]S IS /RICTLY LIMIT$ TO ! RESPONSIBLE $ITOR &1 IF SIGN$1 TO ! AU?OR ALSO2 BUT H]E EV]YBODY CONNECT$ ) ! PAP] WAS 9VOLV$1 & TO MAKE ?IS ABNORMITY MORE PLAUSIBLE1 ! BOOKS W]E EXAM9$ = 0=EIGN GOLD10 & ! SUBSCRIPTIONS ( COMRADES ALL OV] ! GLOBE4 7,SEE 0,U4 ,N0 ,NOV4 #f2 ALSO ,NOV4 #b#e4 :]E ! LEGAL /&PO9T IS CLOSELY EXAM9$47 ,ON ,NOV4 #c EV5 ! EXAM9+ JUDGE 7GIUDICE I/RUTTORE AVVOCATO ,C>BONE7 HAD TO WRITE 9 HIS ORD9ANZA ?AT ! *>GE ( CONSPIRACY CANNOT BE MA9TA9$1 ?\< IT HAD1 PRES5T$ ITSELF1 9 ITS BEG9N+ 0AFRIORI/ICAM5TE ATT5DIBILE0 70AS SOME?+ TO BE EXPECT$ A PRIORI07 4 4 4 ,VIRGILIA ,D',&REA1 ! ACCUS$ SYNDICALI/ AFT] QUOT+ ?IS EXTRACT SAYS3 0,9 ?IS WAY EV]Y REVOLUTIONI/ CAN BE >RE/$1 BECAUSE S9CE HE IS A REVOGA9/ ! ,AN>*I/S & ,SYNDICALI/S1 AS ! ,/ATE AT BAY DOES EV]Y:]E4 ,! ,:ITE ,GU>DS & ,BLACK & ,TAN ( ,ITALY1 !RE CALL$ ,FASCISCI1 RECEIV$ C>TE BLAN*E = MURD]1 >SON1 V&ALISM & EV]Y =M ( BE/IAL CRUELTY AGA9/ ! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S & !IR FAMILIES1 !IR HOMES & ?OSE ( !IR SOCIETIES & !IR PAP]S4 ,! POLICE PREC$ES !M1 REMOV+ ! MEANS ( DEF5SE BY ! SEIZURE ( WEAPONS & >RE/S4 ,! MOD]ATE SOCIALI/ P>TIES /& BY & 0KEEP !IR TEMP]10 JU/ CONT5T TO ESCAPE NOTICE1 ?\< GRADUALLY 9 MANY P>TS !IR [N TURN COMES & !Y >E AT ! M]CY ( (FICIALLY TOL]AT$ RUFFIANISM & D>E NOT %[ !IR HEADS4 ,MALATE/A1 ,BOR$ NOT TO CONFESS ?AT !RE NEV] HAD BE5 ANY 0PLOT10 ON ,M>* #a#h1 #a#i#b#a1 BEGAN A HUNG] /RIKE1 CLAIM+ TO BE TRI$ AT LA/1 & OLD ,MALATE/A = NE>LY A WEEK RISK$ A COMPLETE BREAKD[N ( HIS HEAL? IMPAIR$ ALREADY BY FIVE MON?S ( CLOSE CONF9EM5T4 ,!N A TRAGIC 9CID5T OCCURR$ -- ! N]VES ( SOME COMRADES W]E UNABLE TO FUR!R /& BY & PASSIVELY WITNESS ?IS AGONY & AN EXPLOSION1 CAUS+ LOSS ( LIVES1 TOOK PLACE BE=E ! ,DIANA !AT] AT ,MILAN4 ,UPON ?IS 7,M>* #b#c7 HELL WAS LET LOOSE BY ! ,FASCI/I1 :O WRECK$ ! (FICES ( 0,UMANITA ,NOVA10 & BY ! POLICE :O MADE :OLESALE >RE/S4 ,UND] !SE CIRCUM/ANCES PUBLIC ATT5TION WAS LIKELY TO BE DIV]T$ FROM ! HUNG] /RIKE & ! PRISON]S DECID$ TO GIVE IT UP4 ,IT BECAME OBVI\S ALSO ?AT UND] ! IMM$IATE IMPRESSION ( ! LOCAL CATA/ROPHE A JURY MIB>ISM1 BUT ,GIOLITTI'S REGIME FELL ALL ! SAME1 & N[ ! BUBBLE ( ! MON/] 0PLOT0 WAS PRICK$ & ! PROSECUTION TOOK ! NEW CUE TO LAY A V]Y TAME CASE BE=E ! JURY AT ! ,MILAN ASSIZES 7,JULY #b#g-#b#i1 #a#i#b#a74 ,! ACQUITTAL ( ! PRISON]S WAS A =EGONE CONCLUSION1 TO ?AT EXT5T ! PROSECUTION HAD BROK5 D[N4 ,NEV]!LESS \R OLD COMRADE & HIS FRI5DS HAD TO /& = ?REE DAYS BEH9D ! B>S ( !IR IRON CAGE 7! ,ITALIAN =M ( ! DOCK71 TO DEF5D !MSELVES4 ,MALATE/A DID ?IS ) HIS USUAL KE5 SPIRIT1 PRACTICAL COMMON S5SE & CLOSE REASON+4 ,HIS DECL>ATIONS ANALYZE ! REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION PA/ & PRES5T 9 ALL ITS BE>+S1 A DOCUM5T WOR? ( FUR!R /UDY4 ,ALL ?IS WILL BE SE5 FROM ! BOOK CONTA9+ ! %OR?& REPORT ,PROCESSO ,E4 ,MALATE/A E ,COMPAGNI4 ,! TRIAL L$ TO NO FUR!R 9CID5T & 5D$ ) A G5]AL ACQUITTAL4 0,UMANITA ,NOVA10 AFT] SEV]AL MON?S' 9T]RUPTION1 AT GREAT SACRIFICE WAS RE/>T$ 9 ,ROME1 PUBLI%$ = SOME TIME 9 L>GE SIZE4 !N R$UC$ & TEMPOR>ILY BECOM+ A WEEKLY4 ,MALATE/A1 LIV+ ALSO 9 ,ROME1 GIVES HIS DAILY ATT5TION TO ! PAP]1 BUT APPE>S1 ,I BELIEVE1 A LITTLE LESS (T5 9 PR9T ?AN 9 ! ,MILAN DAYS ( #a#i#b4 ,I WILL AB/A9 FROM GA!R+ EXTRACTS1 !SE FEW L9ES EXCEPT$1 PUBLI%$ ,M>* #c#a1 #a#i#b#b1 :I* %[ HIS UNBROK5 DET]M9ATION & T5ACITY ( PURPOSE N[ AS EV]3 4 4 4 4 0,TODAY MORE ?AN EV] IS NECESS>Y CONCORD BETWE5 ALL PROLET>IANS1 ALL REVOLUTIONI/S = !IR COMMON DEF5SE1 FROM :I*1 CAN & MU/ >ISE CONCORD = ATTACK+ & DEMOLI%+ ?AT OB/ACLE1 ! PRES5T 9/ITUTIONS1 :I* DEPRIVES US1 ONE & ALL1 ( ! MEANS TO PUT \R [N IDEAS TO ! EXP]IM5T4 0,?IS ACCORD MU/ BE CONCLUD$ BY ! MASSES !MSELVES1 PASS+ OV] ! AMBITIONS1 RIVALRIES1 9T]E/S & MALICE ( ! LEAD]S40 ,! PROBLEMS BE=E ! PRES5T ,ITALIAN MOVEM5T >E NUM]\S4 ,! 9T]NATIONAL ECONOMIC SITUATION WILL NEI!R P]MIT ?AT CAPITALISM RE/ORES ITS UN*ALL5G$ DOM9ATION AS BE=E ! W>1 NOR ?AT IT 5JOYS ALL ! B5EFITS :I* IT MEANT TO REAP ?R\< ! W> & AFT]4 ,! FIASCO ( (FICIAL COMMUNISM 9 ,RUSSIA1 BAS$ ON DICTATOR%IP1 MU/ V]Y SOON EI!R OP5 ! EYES ( !IR BL9D IMITATORS 9 ,ITALY OR ISOLATE !M COMPLETELY4 ,SYNDICALISM WILL ALSO HAVE TO *OOSE BETWE5 ?OSE :O ORGANIZ$ ITS SURR5D] 9 #aib & ?OSE :O ! ,UNIONE ,S9DACALE ,ITALIANA1 >E DET]M9$ ?AT SU* ?+S %ALL NEV] HAPP5 AGA9 & :O ?R[ (F ! FETT]S BO? ( ,MOSC[ & ( ,AM/]DAM4 ,! MO/ BE/IAL =M ( MILIT>ISM1 FASCISM1 IS /ILL RAMPANT & IS N\RI%$ BY CAPITALISM & BY GOV]NM5TAL NATIONALISM GRE$Y ( ,FIUME1 ,DALMATIA & :AT NOT4 ,!RE IS SOME RESI/ANCE %[N BY ! WORK]S1 BUT NOT :AT ONE W\LD EXPECT1 NOT ?AT BOLD SWEEP+ ACTION :I* W\LD ONCE = ALL BANI% ?AT PE/ FROM ! MID/ ( A CIVILIZ$ PEOPLE4 ,F9ALLY1 !RE >E ! SOCIALI/S1 9EFFICI5T & EQUALLY P[]LESS :E!R ONE ( !M1 ,BONOMI1 IS PRIME M9I/] = A TIME1 OR ANO!R1 ,S]RATI1 IS OR IS NOT1 ,I REALLY =GET :I*1 ) ! SECOND & HALF OR ?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,ALL ?IS CANNOT FAIL 7AT LEA/ ,I ALWAYS ?9K SO7 TO MAKE NUMB]S ( S5SIBLE & WELL-MEAN+ PEOPLE :O >E F\ND EV]Y:]E1 DISGU/$ ( POLITICS1 ( NATIONALISM1 ( AU?ORITY & ! PRES5T SY/EM ALTOGE!R1 & ,AN>*ISM \Y LESSONS ( COMMON S5SE TO DOCTR9AIRES ( ALL TYPES4 ,H[ MU* BETT] HIS 5]GY1 SPIRIT1 DEVOTION & EXP]I5CE W\LD BE EMPLOY$ BY MAK+ A SUPREME EF=T TO GA!R 9 ALL ?OSE :OM HELL ON E>?1 AS CREAT$ S9CE #aiad & MADE MORE HOPELESS S9CE #aiah MADE VICTIMS & 5EMIES ( ! PRES5T SY/EM1 BUT :OM ! VOICE ( FRE$OM1 /RANGL$ 9 !SE YE>S1 HAS NOT YET REA*$6 ,MANY ( !SE 5]GIES HAVE BE5 ABSORB$ BY COMMUNISM1 !RE EI!R TO BECOME BRUTALIZ$ OR TO LEAVE AGA9 DISAPPO9T$ & HOPELESS2 O!RS1 TOO F> AWAY FROM ACTUAL EXP]I5CE1 ACCEPT IT LIT$ AS >TI/S OR AS PESSIMI/S 9 :OM ! SUBMISSION ( MANK9D TO ! EXIG5CIES ( W> DE/ROY$ ! BELIEF 9 FRE$OM ALTOGE!R4 ,! VOICES ( ,ELISEE ,RECLUS1 ( ,TOL/OY & ( ,KROPOTK9 >E SIL5T N[2 !Y MIS TO REMEMB] FRE$OM AGA9 & MANY W\LD HAVE LI/5$ TO !M4 ,I HAVE NEV] BE5 A H]O-WOR%IP]1 BUT ,I MAY SAY ?AT ,MALATE/A AS !IR EQUAL %\LD /EP 9 !IR PLACE & AT LA/ (T5] SPEAK TO ! WORLD AT L>GE2 !RE IS NO O!R ONE ALIVE 9 :OM OV] FIFTY YE>S ( REVOLUTION>Y & ALTRUI/ ?\D ADDRESS+ ITSELF TO ! L>GE/ POSSIBLE AUDI5CE1 :AT GOOD MIG] SPH]E ( COMRADES TO E/ABLI% \R M5TAL ,9T]NATIONAL ON ?IS ,EUROPEAN CONT95T ( CAG$ PEOPLES :]E AFT] AGES ( TALK ( DIRECT ACTION NO ONE HAS ! PLUCK TO /& UP EV5 AGA9/ PASSPORT SLAV]Y :I* EXCLUD$ ALSO ,MALATE/A FROM ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,AN>*I/ ,CONGRESS ( ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#b#a4 7,S9CE !SE L9ES W]E WRITT5 ,MALATE/A SET AN EXAMPLE EV5 9 ?IS RESPECT BY CROSS+ ! ,ALPS SOMEH[ & APPE>+ 9 ! MIDDLE ( ,SEPTEMB] AT ,BIEL & AT ,/4 ,IMI] 9 ,SWITZ]L& AMONG ! ,SWISS & 9T]NATIONAL COMRADES GA!R$ !RE TO DISCUSS ! FUTURE ( ,AN>*ISM & TO COMMEMORATE ! ,/4 ,IMI] ,CONGRESS ( #a#h#g#b1 ( :I* ,MALATE/A N[ IS ! ONLY SURVIV+ MEMB]1 :ILE !N HE WAS ITS Y\NGE/ P>TICIPANT4 ,IMPORTANT QUE/IONS1 ! REAL ROLE ( SYNDICATION & ! ATTITUDE ( AN>*I/S 9 ! CASE NOT ( REMOTE BUT ( POSSIBLY V]Y NE> REVOLUTIONS W]E BROA*$ BY HIM & BY ,L4 ,B]TONI TO :OM ! 9ITIATIVE ( !SE MEET+S IS DUE4 ,BRISK DISCUSSIONS & AN 9T]NATIONAL ,AN>*I/ CONGRESS >E 9 VIEW2 SO P]HAPS /AGNATION IS OV]1 ! ICE IS BROK51 & AN>*ISM WILL SEE A NEW SPR+4 ,IT WILL SEE ,MALATE/A 9 ITS FRONT & MID/ TO HIS LA/ DAY47 ,?IS IS ALL ,I CAN SAY AT PRES5T ON ,MALATE/A'S LIFE1 BE+ SEP>AT$ FROM MANY PR9T$ & O!R MAT]IALS :I* W\LD HAVE MADE MANY P>TS ( ?IS BIOGRAPHY MU* MORE AMPLE & EXACT4 ,BUT AT LEA/ A *RONOLOGICAL FRAME HAS BE5 CON/ITUT$4 ,I HAVE NEV] LOOK$ UPON LIV+ COMRADES AS OBJECTS ( BIOGRAPHY1 ?\< ,I ALWAYS PLEAD = ! PRES]VATION ( HI/ORICAL MAT]IALS & ! WRIT+ ( RECOLLECTIONS :5EV] FEASIBLE4 ,MALATE/A KN[S ?IS & MAY SMILE AT IT2 HE IS /ILL 9F9ITELY MORE ABSORB$ BY ! PRES5T & LOOK+ =W>D TO ! FUTURE ?AN ?9K+ ( RECORD+ HIMSELF ! PA/4 ,EV5 IF HE WILL NOT SPEAK ( HIMSELF1 HE WILL SOME DAY HELP TO KEEP ALIVE ! MEMORY ( ALL ! MANY DEVOT$ FRI5DS & COMRADES ) :OM HE COOP]AT$ !SE LA/ FIFTY YE>S2 !SE MEMORIES %\LD NOT BE LO/4 ,H[EV] ALL ?IS MAY BE & :E!R MY ATTEMPT TO SKET* ?IS LIFE MAY BE CONSID]$ TOO 9DISCREET OR TOO COLORLESS1 ,I HAVE MEANT WELL & FELT REAL PLEASURE 9 WRIT+4 ,= :]EV] ,I /RUCK !RE WAS GOOD B$ROCK1 !RE WAS & !RE IS ! REBEL & ! FREE MAN1 Y\NG OR OLD1 BETT] ALWAYS Y\NG1 NEV] OLD4 ,TIME WILL ADD1 ,I HOPE1 A FAIR NUMB] ( FUR!R *APT]S TO ?IS FRAGM5T>Y BIOGRAPHY4 ,OCTOB] #a#h1 #a#i#b#b4 ,A,P,P,5,D,I,X ,! ,F9AL ,DECL>ATION ( ,]RICO ,MALATE/A ,BE=E ! ,MILAN ,JULY 7#a#i#b#a7 ,G5TLEM5 ( ! ,C\RT1 ,G5TLEM5 ( ! JURY6 ,TRIALS HAVE ALWAYS BE5 ONE ( \R BEET MEANS ( PROPAG&A & ! DOCK HAS BE5 ! MO/ EFFICI5T &1 P]MIT ME TO SAY IT1 ! MO/ GLORI\S ( \R PLAT=MS4 ,I %\LD !RE=E NOT HAVE LO/ ! OCCASION TO PLACE BE=E Y\ A L>GE EXPOSITION ( ! AN>*I/' PROGRAM1 MAYBE 9 ! HOPE TO CONV]T ONE ( Y\RSELVES TO AN>*ISM1 5C\RAG$ 9 ?IS BY :AT HAPP5$ TO ME AT ! ASSIZES AT ,TRONI .< #ahge .>4 ,ELEV5 ( ! JURY NOT ONLY ACQUITT$ ME1 BUT CAME1 IMM$IATELY TO 9SCRIBE !IR NAMES 9 ! RANKS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,M5'S ,ASSOCIATION4 ,BUT :AT %ALL ,I DO8 ,! PUBLIC PROSECUTOR1 TO :OM ,I PRES5T MY ?ANKS & C]TIFY MY ADMIRATION1 DID ME A BAD S]VICE3 HE CUT ! GRASS FROM UND]NEA? MY FEET4 ,AS MATT]S /& N[1 IF ,I MADE A GREAT SPEE* BE=E Y\1 ,I %\LD RESEMBLE TO ?AT OLD KNIKET TO BUY A P\ND ( RADI%ES6 ,I WILL SAY NO?+ FUR!R4 ,I WILL ONLY PR(IT ( ! OCCASION TO1 WAY SOME?+ NOT 9 \R 9T]E/1 NOT 9 ?AT ( MY COMRADES1 BUT 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! COMMUNITY1 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ?AT ,ITALY :I* WE >E ACCUS$ ( NOT TO LOVE ONLY BECAUSE WE WI% IT TO BE ON T]MS ( BRO!RHOOD ) ALL O!R NATIONS1 ONLY BECAUSE BESIDES LOV+ ! PEOPLE ( ,ITALY1 WE LOVE ! PEOPLE ( ALL MANK9D1 AN 9T]NATIONALI/ & COSMOPOLITAN CONCEPTION :I* BY ! WAY WAS AT ONE TIME ADMITT$ & FELT BY ALL ! FITYRS ( ! ,ITALIAN ,RESURRECTION :O HAD OV]COME ! LIMIT$ IDEA ( !IR NATIVE C\NTRY & RU%$ 9TO ALL P>TS ( ! GLOBE TO %$ !IR BLOOD ON ALL ! BATTLEFIELDS :]E A BANN] ( FRE$OM WAS RAIS$4 ,Y\ KN[ ?AT 9 ,ITALY AT ?IS MOM5T !RE IS A W> BE+ WAG$ :I* BY A S+UL>ITY ( \R LANGUAGE IS CALL$ A CIVIL W>1 PRECISELY BECAUSE IT IS UNCIVIL & SAVAGE4 ,9 ,ITALY ! SITUATION IS SU* ,I WE >E RETURN+ TO ! D>K & SANGU9>Y NIE WAIL+ & :Y8 ,OV] A /RUGGLE )\T AN AIM4 ,Y\ KN[ ,I AM A REVOLUTIONI/4 ,I AM = 9SURRECTION1 ,I AM ALSO = VIOL5CE :5 VIOL5CE CAN S]VE A GOOD CAUSE4 ,BUT BL9D VIOL5CE1 /UPID VIOL5CE1 F]OCI\S VIOL5CE :I* TODAY AFFLICTS ,ITALY -- WELL1 ?IS IS A SORT ( VIOL5CE :I* MU/ DISAPPE>2 O!RWISE ,ITALY WILL CEASE TO HE A CIVILIZ$ NATION4 ,G5TLEM5 ( ! JURY3 ,Y\ WILL GIVE Y\R V]DICT AS Y\R CONSCI5CE WILL DICTATE Y\2 TO ME IT DOES NOT MATT] MU*2 ,I AM TOO H>D5$ 9 ! /RUGGLE TO BE IMPRESSION$ BY A LITTLE PRISON3 IF Y\ BR+ 9 A V]DICT ( GUILT1 ,I %\LD SAY ?AT Y\ HAVE COMMITT$ JUDICIAL ]ROR1 BUT ,I %\LD NOT ?9K ?AT Y\ HAVE CONSCI\SLY COMMITT$ A DELIB]ATE ACT ( 9JU/ICE4 ,I %\LD HOLD Y\ 9 ! SAME E/EEM1 BECAUSE ,I %\LD BE SURE ?AT Y\R CONSCI5CE DICTAT$ ! V]DICT4 ,BUT ,I AM AN OPTIMI/4 ,I DO NOT ?9K ?AT !RE >E M5 :O DO EVIL = EVIL'S SAKE1 OR IF !RE EXI/S SU* A MAN1 HE BELONGS MORE TO ! SPECIALI/ 9 9SANITY ?AN TO ! JUDGE 9 CRIM9AL MATT]S ,BUT ALL ! SAME1 ALL DO NOT ?9K LIKE MYSELF4 ,IF Y\ GIVE A V]DICT ( GUILTY1 \R FRI5DS1 BY P>TY SPIRIT1 BY OV]GREAT AFFECTION = ,I W\LD 9T]PRET ?IS AS A CLASS V]DICT1 W\LD 9T]PRET IT AS DELIB]ATE 9JU/ICE1 & Y\ W\LD HAVE S[N A NEW SE$ ( HATR$ & RANCOR4 ,DO NOT DO ?IS4 ,G5TLEM5 ( ! JURY3 ,?IS CIVIL /RUGGLE IS REPUGNANT TO ALL2 IT IS REPUGNANT TO ALL BY !IR ELEM5T>Y S5SE ( COMMON HUMANITY1 & !N IT IS TO NOBODY ( ANY USE1 TO NONE ( ! CLASSES & P>TIES1 IS NOT ( ANY USE TO ! EMPLOY]S1 ! CAPITALI/S :O NE$ ORD] = !IR 9DU/RIES & TRADES4 ,IT IS NOT ( ANY USE TO ! PROLET>IANS :O MU/ WORK 9 ORD] TO LIVE & :O MU/ PREP>E !MSELVES = ! ELEVATION BY PRACTICAL EXP]I5CE & SOLID>ITY4 ,IT IS NOT ( ANY USE TO ! CONS]VATIVES :O WI% TO CONS]VE SOME?+ ELSE ?AN F]OCI\S MASSACRE4 ,IT IS ( NO USE EI!R TO US :O %ALL KN[ TO F\ND UPON ! 7PRES5T7 HATR$ A H>MONI\S SOCIETY4 A SOCIETY ( FREE M51 ! CONDITION & GU>ANTEE ( :I* %ALL BE TOL]ATION1 ! RESPECT ( HONE/LY PR(ESS$ OP9IONS4 ,S5D US HOME6 7,CLAMOR\S APPLAUSE QUICKLY REPRESS$ BY ! PRESID+ JUDGE74"9 "9,?IS DECL>ATION *>ACT]IZES BETT] ?AN ANY?+ ! /ATE ( SPIRIT AT ! 5D ( ! ,MILAN TRIAL ( #a#i#b#a1 :I* IS RECORD$ 9 FULL 9 ! BOOK ,E4 ,MALATE/A1 ,A4 ,BORIONI & ,BOLDR9I TO ! LIV+ TOMB ( ! ]GA/OLO1 Y\NG ,AGUGG9I TO #c YE>S ( PRISON4 ELEV5 O!RS TO MANY MORE YE>S ( PRISON4 ,!IR FATE 9 TOLD 9 ,PROCESSO AGLI AN>*ICI NELLE ASSISE DI ,MILANO1 PUBLI%$ BY ! ,COMITATO ORO VITTIME POLITI*E DI ,MILANO & 9 ! SPECIAL ISSUE ( ,PAG9E ,LIB]T>IE ,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #c1 #aibc 3 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,FEBRU>Y #h1 #bag 3 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A -- ,ADD$4 ,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/