,E?ICS & ,AM]ICAN ,UNIONISM 
,& ,! ,PA? ,AHEAD ,= ,! ,WORK+ ,CLASS 

#aieh 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,SAM ,DOLG(F 

,TEXT 3 

,P,R,E,L,I,M,9,>,Y ,R,E,M,>,K,S 

,FE>S1 T5SIONS & 9SECURITY >E SAPP+ \R VITALITY2 !Y >E BECL\D+ & TWI/+ \R LIVES4 ,!RE IS A GR[+ REALIZATION ?AT NUCLE> W> MAY SOON ANNIHILATE US ALL4 ,?IS COLOSSAL WA/E ( ! E>?'S RI*ES1 ?IS CRIM9AL P]V]SION ( HUMAN LIFE & HUMAN LABOR1 VIOLATE ! DEEPE/1 NOBLE/ FEEL+S ( HUMANITY4 ,MILLIONS ( M5 & WOM5 EV]Y:]E >E TODAY QUE/ION+ ! SANITY ( ! SOCIAL SY/EMS ?AT MAKE SU* CATA/ROPHES POSSIBLE4 

,?OSE :O HAD HOP$ ?AT ,RUSSIA MI<T LEAD ! WAY TO A BETT] & FRE] WORLD HAVE BE5 BITT]LY DISAPPO9T$4 ,KHRU%*EV'S 0EXPOSURES0 ( ,/AL9 HAVE NOT DET]R$ HIM FROM FOLL[+ ! SAME G5]AL C\RSE4 ,! REVOLTS 9 ,EA/]N ,EUROPE1 ! UNRE/ 9 ,*9A & 9 ,RUSSIA ITSELF1 & ABOVE ALL1 ! BLOODY SUPPRESSION ( ! ,HUNG>IAN ,WORK]S' ,REVOLUTION BY ! >MIES ( ',SOVIET0 IMP]IALISM1 HAVE HAD TREM5D\S REP]CUSSIONS1 NOT ONLY 9 ! ,RUSSIAN EMPIRE BUT ?R\<\T ! WORLD4 

,ILLUSIONS HAVE BE5 %ATT]$.- ,AU?ORIT>IAN SOLUTIONS TO SOCIAL PROBLEMS >E NO LONG] ACCEPTABLE4 ,MANY ?9K+ PEOPLE >E DISC>D+ IDEAS & BELIEFS ?AT !Y HAD ALWAYS TAK5 = GRANT$4 ,A NEW 9T]E/ 9 LIB]T>IAN PR9CIPLES IS DEVELOP+1 NOT ONLY ABROAD1 BUT 9 ?IS C\NTRY ALSO4 

,9 ! C\NTRIES ( ! ,WE/1 GOV]NM5TAL REGIM5TATION IS 9CREAS+4 ,BUREAUCRACY P]MEATES EV]Y CELL O,L ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY & ?REAT5S TO SWAMP ALL SPONTANEITY & FRE$OM4 ,?IS IS A P>TICUL>LY GRAVE MATT] :5 IT AFFECTS ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 

,WE HAVE MADE ! LABOR UNIONS ! SUBJECT ( \R FIR/ PAMPHLET BECAUSE WE FEEL ?AT ! P[] ( ! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S REPRES5TS ! BE/ HOPE1 POSSIBLY ! ONLY ALT]NATIVE TO ! DE/RUCTION ( HUMANITY BY ! >M$ MI<T ( ,/ATES4 ,! ,LIB]T>IAN ,LEAGUE HOLDS ?AT AN 9SPIR$ & 9=M$ LABOR MOVEM5T CAN & MU/ DO AWAY ) ALL OPPRESSIVE & EXPLOITATIVE =MS ( SOCIAL DISORD]2 ?AT IT WILL1 9 SOLID>ITY ) O!R MOVEM5TS ( ! PEOPLE1 BUILD ! FREE WORLD ( ! FUTURE4 

,\R VIEW ( ! AIMS & FUNCTIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS4IS BUT ! REFLECTION ( \R BROAD] SOCIAL CONCEPTS & ! E?ICAL VALUES ?AT UND]LIE !M4 ,TO DEF9E !SE VALUES & !SE CONCEPTS 9 !IR APPLICATION TO LABOR IS ! PURPOSE ( ?IS MESSAGE4 

,I4 ,E,?,I,C,S ,& ,! ,U,N,I,O,N,S 

,E?ICS >E ! MORALS1 ! CONCEPTS & IDEALS ?AT M5 LIVE BY4 ,! PROGRESS ( A SOCIETY CANNOT BE MEASUR$ SOLELY BY ! EXT5T ( ITS TE*NICAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,ECONOMIC REALITIES >E ( FUNDAM5TAL IMPORTANCE1 BUT IF ! E?ICAL VALUES ( A SOCIETY DO NOT MEASURE UP TO ITS TE*NOLOGY1 !N ?IS TE*NOLOGY MAY BECOME AN 9/RUM5T = MASS SUICIDE4 ,! P>AM\NT PROBLEM 9 ?IS ATOMIC AGE IS AN E?ICAL ONE4 

,!RE IS AN E?OS UND]LY+ EV]Y GR\P 9 SOCIETY1 :I* DET]M9ES 9 L>GE P>T ! MANN] 9 :I* IT DEALS ) ITS POLITICAL1 ECONOMIC1SOCIAL & CULTURAL PROBLEMS4 ,EV5 COMMON ?IEVES1 BUS9ESS M5 & HOODLUMS HAVE !IR UNWRITT5 CODES4 

,)9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T !RE >E -- BROADLY SPEAK+ -- TWO MA9 T5D5CIES4 ,!SE >E AS F> AP>T AS TWO WORLDS -- ! WORLD ( ! SLAVE :O /RIVES TO BE FREE & ! WORLD ( ! MA/] :O WANTS TO KEEP HIM 9 *A9S- ,:AT IS E?ICAL = ! ONE IS NOT E?ICAL = ! O!R4 ,:AT IS RI<T = ! MA/] IS WRONG = ! SLAVE4 ,ONE IS CONS]VATIVE & OPPORTUNI/IC :ILE ! O!R IS DYNAMIC & REVOLUTION>Y4 

,! E?ICS ( ! LABOR BUREAUCRATS >E ?OSE ( ! BUS9ESS COMMUNITY ( :I* !Y CONSID] !MSELVES A P>T4 ,) ITS HUGE MEMB]%IP1 ITS BULG+ TREASURIES & ITS POLITICAL 9FLU5CE1 BUS9ESS UNIONISM1 AS REPRES5T$ BY ! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O IS AN UNHEAL?Y MOVEM5T4 ,S9CE ITS (FICIALS >E ! MA/]S & NOT ! S]VANTS ( ! MEMB]%IP1 IT IS ESS5TIALLY AN ANTI-WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T4 

,!RE WAS A TIME :5 ! ,AM]ICAN LABOR MOVEM5T WAS 9SPIR$ BY A NOBLE REVOLUTION>Y IDEAL-- ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S FROM WAGE-SLAV]Y4 ,UNION M5 W]E 9SPIR$ BY ! -VISION ( A FREE COOP]ATIVE COMMONWEAL? D$ICAT$ TO ! HAPP9ESS & FREE CREATIVE DEVELOPM5T ( EV]Y HUMAN BE+4 ,LABOR WAS MO/ MILITANT :5 IT WAS 9VIGORAT$ BY !SE IDEALS4 ,ITS E?ICS W]E ?OSE ( A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T /RIV+ = A BETT] WORLD4 ,!SE E?ICS & !SE IDEALS >E AS VALID TODAY AS !Y W]E YE/]DAY & WILL BE TOMORR[4 

,! CONTRA/ BETWE5 ! REVOLUTION>Y LABOR MOVEM5T & ! CAPITALI/-M9D$ DEF5D]S ( 0BUS9ESS UNIONISM0 CAN BE SE5 9 ! FOLL[+ QUOTATIONS4 ,9 ! ,PREAMBLE ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD 7,I,W,W7 WE RE AD44 

0,! WORK+ CLASS & ! EMPLOY+ CLASS HAVE NO?+ 9 COMMON444 ! TRADE UNIONS AID ! EMPLOY+ CLASS TO MISLEAD ! WORK]S 9TO ! BELIEF ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS HAS 9T]E/S 9 COMMON ) !IR EMPLOY]S444 ,! >MY ( PRODUCTION MU/ BE ORGANIZ$1 NOT ONLY = ! EV]YDAY /RUGGLE ) ! CAPITALI/S1 BUT ALSO TO C>RY ON PRODUCTION :5 CAPITALISM %ALL HAVE BE5 OV]?R[N4 ,BY ORGANIZ+ 9DU/RIALLY WE >E =M+ ! /RUCTURE ( ! NEW SOCIETY )9 ! %ELL ( ! OLD40 

,! SELF-ID5TIFICATION ( ! BUS9ESS UNIONI/ ) ! RE/ ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM WAS SUMM$ UP AS FOLL[S BY ! ,A,F,L PRESID5T ,WILLIAM ,GRE5 9 #a#i#c#e3 

0,! MAJORITY ( EMPLOY]S S9C]ELY & HONE/LY WI% TO MA9TA9 DEC5T WAGE /&>DS & HUMANE CONDITIONS ( EMPLOYM5T4 ,!Y NEI!R SEEK ! EXPLOITATION ( LABOR1 NOR ! EXPLOITATION ( ! CONSUM+ PUBLIC4 ,!Y >E 9SPIR$ BY A ,KE5 S5SE ( JU/ICE & >E 9FLU5C$ 9 ALL !IR BUS9ESS DEAL+S BY A SPIRIT ( FAIR-DEAL+ & FAIR-PLAY40 

,?IS ATTITUDE HAS BE5 REAFFIRM$ 9 ! CON/ITUTION ( ! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O4 ,I,L HAS ALSO BE5 EXPRESS$ BY ,DAVID ,DUB9SKY1 :O ONCE TOLD REPORT]S ?AT 0,LABOR NE$S CAPITALISM LIKE A FI% NE$S WAT]40 7,! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 ,JUNE #i1 #a#i#e#g7 

,! ,AM]ICAN LABOR MOVEM5T1 ASIT EXI/S TODAY1 IS ! RESULT ( ! 9T]ACTION OV] MANY DECADES ( BUS9ESS UNIONISM & REVOLUTION>Y UNION-ISM- ,ITS MAJOR DEFECTS /EM FROM ! =M] & ITS CON/RUCTIVE T5D5CIES COME FROM ! LATT]4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO EXAM9E ! REVOLUTION>Y TRADITION ( ! ,AM]ICAN LABOR MOVEM5T TO UND]/& ! PA? ?AT MU/ BE FOLL[$ = ITS REG5]ATION & FUR!R PROGRESS4 

,I,I4 ,A,M,],I,C,A,N ,B,U,S,9,E,S,S ,U,N,I,O,N,I,S,M 

,! ,AM]ICAN ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR -- ,CONGRESS ( ,9DU/RIAL ,ORGANIZATIONS 7,A,F,L-,C,I,O7 HAS BE5 CALL$ ! 0,UNIT$ ,NATIONS ( ,LABOR40 ,! ANALOGY HAS CONSID]ABLE VALUE ESPECIALLY S9CE ! 0,UNIT$ ,NATIONS0 IS AN ASSOCIATION ( SOV]EIGN /ATES & NOT A TRUE COMMUNITY ( ! PEOPLES ?AT !SE /ATES >E SUPPOS$ TO REPRES5T4 ,AS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS1 ! LABOR RUL]S 9 !SE UNIONS HAVE /AK$ \T !IR P>TICUL> FIELDS ( JURISDICTION :I* !Y JEAL\SLY GU>D4 ,AS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS1 EA* DI/9CT 5TITY TRIES TO GRAB BY TRICK]Y OR BY =CE1 :ATEV] IT CAN FROM ! O!RS1 :ILE )9 ! ORGANIZATION ITSELF1 P[] BLOCS CONT5D = OV]-ALL CONTROL4 ,9 ! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O 1 BEH9D ! >TIFICIAL UNITY IMPOS$ FROM ABOVE1 IS ! /RUGGLE ( BUREAUCRATIC CLIQUES = CONTROL OV] ! MEMB]%IP & = ! P[] & B5EFITS TO BE D]IV$ FROM ?AT CONTROL4 

,BUREAUCRACY1 GRAFT & CORRUPTION -- ALL ( ! VICES ?AT P]MEATE \R EXPLOITATIVE & /ATI/ SOCIETY -- >E FAI?FULLY REPRODUC$ ?R\<\T ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 FROM ! SMALLE/ UNION LOCAL UP TO ! SUPREME GOV]N+ BODIES ( ! 0,9T]NATIONAL0 ,UNIONS4 ,! EXCEPTIONS >E SO R>E ?AT !Y CAN BE REG>D$ AS SOCIOLOGICAL CURIOSITIES4 ,TO SAY ?AT 0MANAGEM5T0 IS NOT BETT]1 OR EV5 WORSE1 M]ELY AFFIRMS ?AT !Y >E BIRDS ( A FEA!R4 

,! PR9CIPAL BUS9ESS BE=E ! ,SECOND ,CONV5TION ( ! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O WAS ! EXPULSION ( CORRUPT UNIONS & ! ADOPTION ( A 0,CODE ( ,E?ICS40 ,EV5TS AT ?IS ,CONV5TION DEMON/RAT$ ?AT :5 ! LABOR BUREAUCRACY PROCLAIMS ?AT !RE IS NO FUNDAM5TAL CONFLICT BETWE5 ! WORK]S & !IR EMPLOY]S1 !Y SURR5D] ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 MAK+ IT IMPOSSIBLE = IT TO ACT AS A LEV] = SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,! V]Y NATURE ( SU* A MOVEM5T MAKES IT 9CAPABLE ( CORRECT+ ITS ORGANIC DEFICI5CIES OR P]=M+ EV5 ! FEW CON/RUCTIVE TASKS ?AT IT SETS = ITSELF4 

,! ATTITUDE ( ! AFFILIAT$ UNIONS TO ! EXPULSION ( ! ,TEAM/]S' ,UNION REVEAL$ ! P[] /RUGGLES ?AT RACK ! ORGANIZATION4 ,A MEET+ ( ! ,BUILD+ & ,CON/RUCTION ,TRADES ,C\NCIL :I* CONTROLS ?REE MILLION MEMB]S HAD VOT$ UNANIM\SLY AGA9/ ! PROPOS$ EXPULSION ( ! ,TEAM/]S' ,UNION4 ,AT ! ,CONV5TION H[EV]1 MO/ ( !M YIELD$ TO PRESSURE & REV]S$ !MSELVES4 ,( ALL ! ,BUILD+ ,TRADES1 ONLY ! ,C>P5T]S' ,UNION ACTUALLY VOT$ 9 SUPPORT ( ! ,TEAM/]S4 

,ALTOGE!R1 TW5TY-ONE ,9T]NATIONAL ,UNIONS OPPOS$ ! EXPULSION ( ! ,TEAM/]S :ILE F\R O!RS SPLIT !IR VOTES4 ,ANO!R EI<T DELEGATIONS %[$ !IR SYMPA?Y = ! ,TEAM/]S BY LEAV+ ! HALL BE=E ! VOTE WAS CALL$4 ,! PRESID5T ( ! ,/EELWORK]S1 :I* IS A KEY UNION1 SURPRIS$ ! ,CONV5TION :5 HE WALK$ OV] TO ! ,TEAM/]S' DELEGATION & EXPRESS$ HIS REGRETS1 ,:5 !RE IS SO MU* DISAGREEM5T ON A QUE/ION ( SU* MAGNITUDE WE CAN ONLY CONCLUDE ?AT ! SO-CALL$ 0H\SE ( LABOR0 IS 9DE$ A V]Y RICKETY /RUCTURE1 BUILT ON %IFT+ S&4 

,! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,CONV5TION ITSELF EXPOS$ ! UNDEMOCRATIC1 UNE?ICAL & HYPOCRITICAL *>ACT] ( ! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O4 ,H[ DEMOCRATIC IS AN ORGANIZATION ?AT P]MITS ONE ?\S& DELEGATES TO VOTE = TWELVE & A HALF MILLION MEMB]S & DECIDES CRUCIAL ISSUES )\T A REF]5DUM VOTE8 ,H[ MANY ( ! DELEGATES HAD BE5 9/RUCT$ BY !IR MEMB]%IP ON H[ TO VOTE8 ,V]Y FEW1 IF ANY4 ,JOHN ,F4 ,5GLI%1 ! SECRET>Y- TREASUR] ( ! ,TEAM/]S' ,UNION1 TOLD ! ,CONV5TION ?AT HE D\BT$ IF !RE W]E EV5 FIVE UNIONS ?AT COME UP TO ! /&>DS ( ! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O ,E?ICAL ,PRACTICES ,COMMITTEE4 ,HE PR$ICT$ ?AT MANY ( ?OSE :O VOT$ AGA9/ ! ,TEAM/]S WILL SOON BE FAC+ ! SAME *>GES & GETT+ ! SAME TREATM5T FROM ! ,S5ATE 9VE/IGATORS4 ,9 EFFECT1 ,MR4 ,5GLI% WAS TELL+ ! JUDGES ?AT !Y W]E A HUN* ( HYPOCRITES4 ,NO ONE CONTRADICT$ HIM4 

,!RE IS EV]Y REASON = BELIEV+ ?AT ! ACCUSATIONS AGA9/ ! TEAM/]S' ,UNION W]E TRUE4 ,AS LONG AGO AS #a#i#c#g1 ?IS UNION1 !N UND] ! ADM9I/RATION ( ,DAN ,TOB91 WAS CONSID]$ ONE ( ! MO/ CORRUPT 9 ! C\NTRY4 ,IT WAS ! MA9 SUPPORT ( RACKETE]+ 9 ! TRUCK+1 LAUNDRY1 P\LTRY1 & 9 ! CLEAN+ & DYE+ 9DU/RIES4 ,DAVE ,BECK WAS TRA9$ = HIS JOB BY ,DAN ,TOB91 :O APPO9T$ ,BECK AS HIS SUCCESSOR4 

,BUT ! ,TEAM/]S W]E BY NO MEANS ALONE 9 ?IS CORRUPTION4 ,9 #a#i#c#b1 ! ,A,F,L ADMITT$ ?AT #bh ( ITS ,*ICAGO UNIONS W]E CONTROLL$ BY GANG/]S ( ! ,AL ,CAPONE TYPE4 ,( ! FIFTE5 MEMB]S ( ! ,A,F,L ,EXECUTIVE ,BO>D 9 #a#i#c#g1 SIX ( !M BEAD$ ADMITT$LY CORRUPT UNIONS4 ,! COLOSSAL CORRUPTION 9 ! ,BUILD+ ,TRADES WAS COMMON KN[L$GE4 ,RACKETE]+ & CORRUPTION W]E GREATE/ 9 ! V]Y ORGANIZATIONS ?AT 9 NUMB]S & RES\RCES1 CON/ITUT$ ! BACKBONE ( ! ,F$]ATION -- ! ,TEAM/]S & ! ,BUILD+ ,TRADES 

,! ,TEAM/]S'4 ,UNION WAS 9 ! ,A,F,L = #$ YE>S4 ,)\T ITS SUPPORT NO ONE C\LD SIT ON ! ALL-P[]FUL ,EXECUTIVE ,C\NCIL4 ,NOR C\LD ,MEANY HAVE BECOME PRESID5T ( ! ,A,F,L )\T !IR BACK+4 ,IT IS 9CONCEIVABLE ?AT ,MR4 ,MEANY1 :O HAD LONG BE5 AN (FICIAL 9 ONE ( ! ,BUILD+ ,TRADES ORGANIZATIONS 7! ,PLUMB]S' ,UNION7 WAS UNAW>E ( !SE ?+S4 ,N[ ,MEANY PRET5DS ?AT HE IS 0%OCK$0 BY ! SCOPE ( ! RACKETS8 

,9 VIEW ( ! FACT ?AT ! LEAD]S ( ! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O KNEW ?AT ! ,TEAM/]S & O!R UNIONS W]E & >E CORRUPT1 :Y DID !Y ADMIT !M 9TO ! 0NEW01 UNIFI$ LABOR MOVEM5T 9 ! FIR/ PLACE8 ,:Y DID !Y WAIT UNTIL ! LABOR-BAIT+ ,S5ATE ,9VE/IGAT+ ,COMMITTEE ,LOOK ! /EPS ?AT ! 0LABOR /ATESM50HAD FAIL$ TO TAKE8 ,ONLY :5 !IR H& WAS =C$4 WAS AN 0,E?ICAL ,PRACTICES ,COMMITTEE40 APPO9T$4 ,IT IS OBVI\S TO ANY ?9K+ P]SON ?AT ! LABOR BUREAUCRATS >E AFRAID TO DO MORE ?AN SCRAT* ! SURFACE4 ,!Y %R9K FROM MAK+ A ?OR\< & HONE/ 9VE/IGATION 9TO ! CORRUPTION 9 ! ,AM]ICAN LABOR MOVEM5T BECAUSE SU* AN 9VE/IGATION W\LD PROVE ?AT BUS9ESS UNIONISM IS ROTT5 TO ! CORE & ?AT ! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O AS A :OLE MU/ %>E RESPONSIBILITY = ! *>ACT] & CONDUCT ( ! ACCUS$ UNIONS4 

,NOT ALL ,AM]ICAN UNIONS >E TOTALIT>IAN OR 9FE/$ ) RACKETE]S & O!R ,CORRUPT ELEM5TS4 ,A FEW ORGANIZATIONS1 SU* AS ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,TYPOGRAPHICAL ,UNION1 CAN BE CONSID]$ FREE ( ?IS TA9T4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,AUTOMOBILE ,WORK]S 7,U,A,W7 & ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,LADIES ,G>M5T ,WORK]S ,UNION 7,I,L,G,W,U7 DO NOT COMP>E ) ! ,TYPOGRAPH]S 9 ?IS RESPECT AL?\< !Y DO MEET ! /&>DS SET BY ! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O ,CODE ( ,E?ICS4 

,BUT ! PROBLEM IS REALLY MU* DEEP]1 S9CE ! CONCEPT ( E?ICS HELD BY EV5 ! BE/ LEAD]S ( !1 BE/ UNIONS IS NOT A G5U9E WORK+ CLASS E?ICAL CONCEPT4 ,!SE LEAD]S1 ALMO/ )\T EXCEPTION1 ID5TIFY !MSELVES & !IR 9T]E/S ) ! BUS9ESS & BUREAUCRATIC WORLD >\ND !M4 

,9 ! ,PREAMBLE TO ! ,CODE ( ,E?ICS WRITT5 BY ! ,EXECUTIVE ,C\NCIL & ADOPT$ AT ! ,SECOND ,CONV5TION ( ! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O1 IT IS /AT$ ?AT2 0,FRE$OM & DEMOCRACY >E ! ESS5TIAL ATTRIBUTES ( \R MOVEM5T444 ,AU?ORIT>IAN CONTROL1 :E!R FROM )9 OR )\T ! LABOR MOVEM5T OR IMPOS$ FROM )\T BY ,GOV]NM5T1 IS CONTR>Y TO ! SPIRIT1 ! TRADITIONS & ! PR9CIPLES ( \R MOVEM5T40 

,BUT ! BEHAVIOR ( ! ,EXECUTIVE ,C\NCIL & ! ,CONV5TION HAS BE5 9 FLAT CONTRADICTION TO !SE F9E S5TIM5TS4 ,)\T CONSULT+ ! MEMB]%IP1 !SE LEAD]S HAVE IMPOS$ !IR [N 0,CODE ( ,E?ICS40 ,! ,EXECUTIVE ,C\NCIL TELLS ! AFFILIAT$ UNIONS & ! MEMB]S :AT !Y MAY DO & :AT !Y MAY NOT DO1 ,IF ! LEAD]S CAN =CE ! MEMB]S TO OBEY !IR >BITR>ILY IMPOS$ RULES1 !Y HAVE A FREE H& TO RUN ! UNIONS TO SUIT !MSELVES4 ,?IS CAN ONLY S]VE TO RE9=CE ONE ( ! ROOT CAUSES ( CORRUPTION -- ! MONOPOLY ( P[]4 ,P]MITT+ SU* A MONOPOLY IS CLE>LY UNE?ICAL BECAUSE IT MAKES POSSIBLE ! DOM9ATION ( MAN OV] MAN4 

,AT ! A=EM5TION$ ,SECOND ,CONV5TION1 DELEGATE ,R&OLPH ( ! ,9T]-NATIONAL ,TYPOGRAPHICAL ,UNION & DELEGATE ,GORMAN ( ! ,MEATCUTT]S' ,UNION EMPHASIZ$ !SE PO9TS4 7,!SE TWO UNIONS >E AMONG ! MO/ E?ICAL & DEMOCRATIC 9 ! C\NTRY47 ,R&OLPH ACCUS$ ! ,EXECUTIVE ,C\NCIL ( IMPOS+ ITS TAILOR-MADE CODES ON ! :OLE ORGANIZATION1 & 9T]F]+ ) ! AUTONOMY ( ! AFFILIAT$ UNIONS4 ,HE SAID3 

0,N[ ,I CALL TO Y\R ATT5TION ?AT ! SCOPE ( !SE CODES IS NOT ONLY WIDE4 ,I SAY ?AT IT IS COMPLETE 9 ITS ATTEMPT TO CONTROL ! 9T]NAL AFFAIRS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,UNIONS & ! ,NATIONAL ,UNIONS4 ,IT IS A COMPLETE REV]SAL ( ! -BASIC & FUNDAM5TAL RI<T ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,UNIONS TO CONTROL !IR [N 9T]NAL AFFAIRS4444 ,!Y 7! ,EXECUTIVE ,C\NCIL7 UND]TOOK TO SET UP A DICTATOR%IP ( ?IRTY M5 OV] ! ,AM]ICAN LABOR MOVEM5T ?AT Y\ WILL NEV] GET \T ( IF Y\ ADOPT IT H]E4 ,! PO9T IS ?IS1 ?AT ANY RE=MATION ?AT CAN LA/ AT ALL 9 ANY CIRCUM/ANCES :]E RE=MATION IS NE$$1 ?AT RE=MATION WILL HAVE TO COME FROM ! BOTTOM & NOT FROM A M&ATE AT ! TOP ?AT WILL1 SKIM (F A FEW CROOKS1 ALL[+ OPPORTUNITY = MORE CROOKS TO GR[ UP UND]NEA? IT4440 

,TO ILLU/RATE \R PO9T -,>TICLE ,ELEV5 ( ! CODE P]PETUATES 0AU?ORIT>IAN CONTROL444 FROM )9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T40 IT READS3 

0,! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O & AFFILIAT$ ,NATIONAL & ,9T]NATIONAL ,UNIONS %ALL HAVE ! P[] TO 9/ITUTE DISCIPL9>Y & CORRECTIVE PROCE$+S ) RESPECT TO LOCAL & O!R BODIES1 9CLUD+ ! P[] TO E/ABLI% TRU/EE%IPS :]E NECESS>Y40 

,NO?+ IS SAID ( ! P[] ( ! MEMB]S TO DISCIPL9E ! ELECT$ OR APPO9T$ (FICIALS4 ,?IS IS NOT M5TION$ BECAUSE NO SU* P[] EXI/S4 

,EV]Y DICTATOR RIDES 9TO P[] UND] ! BANN] ( FRE$OM4 ,HE PROMISES TO CORRECT ABUSES & PUNI% (F5D]S4 ,HI/ORY DEMON/RATES ?AT ?IS P[] IS !N ALMO/ 9V>IABLY US$ TO *OKE (F ALL OPPOSITION4 ,9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T ?IS PATT]N HAS BE5 REPEAT$ ) DISGU/+ REGUL>ITY4 ,9 COP+ ) ONE GL>+ ABUSE1 ! GU>DIANS ( RI<TE\SNESS CREATE A HUNDR$ NEW ONES4 

,:AT ! ,CODE ( ,E?ICS DOES NOT M5TION IS MORE IMPORTANT ?AN :AT IT DOES4 ,NO?+ IS SAID AB\T N>R[+ ! GAP BETWE5 ! BIG SAL>IES ( MANY UNION (FICIALS & ! L[ WAGES ( ! DUES-PAY]S4 ,NO?+ IS SAID AB\T ! REA*+ ( B9D+1 LONG-T]M AGREEM5TS ) ! BOSSES )\T ! OPPORTUNITY ( A REF]5DUM ( ! MEMB]%IP4 ,NO?+ IS SAID ( ! P[] TO CALL OR =BID /RIKES OR ( ! G5]AL ATTITUDE ( 0BUDDY BUDDY0 BETWE5 ! BOSSES ( ! UNIONS & ! BOSSES ( 9DU/RY4 ,NO?+ IS SAID AB\T ! 5DORSEM5T ( POLITICAL C&IDATES OR ! SUPPORT ( ! =EIGN POLICIES ( ! ,/ATE4 

,IT IS LITTLE WOND] ?AT SU* SPOKESM5 ( BIG BUS9ESS AS ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES HAVE 5?USIA/ICALLY PRAIS$ ! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O ,CODE ( ,E?ICS AS A MODEL ( 0LABOR /ATEMAN%IP40 ,?IS IS A CAPITALI/ CODE4 ,IT IS UNE?ICAL = LABOR1 BECAUSE ITS E?ICS >E ! E?ICS ( CAPITALISM4 

,TWO ( ! PROM95T 0LABOR /ATESM50 :O HELP$ DRAW UP ?IS ,CODE ( ,E?ICS >E ,DAVID ,DUB9SKY1 ,PRESID5T ( ! ,I,L,G,F,U & ,WALT] ,REU!R1 ,PRESID5T ( ! ,U,A,W4 ,]R+ UNIONS & ]R+ UNION LEAD]S HAVE (T5 'BE5 URG$ TO EMULATE ! HI< E?ICAL /&>DS ( !SE TWO M54 ,A FEW EXAMPLES WILL S]VE TO BR+ \T ! E?ICAL CONCEPTS ( ! TWO \T/&+ BUS9ESS UNIONI/S4 

,! ,NEW ,YORK ,PO/ ( ,MAY #a1 #a#i#e#g1 C>RI$ ! FOLL[+ DISPAT* 

0,L,A,M,>1 ,M,O4 -- ,! :ITE FRAME H\SE :]E ,H>RY ,S4 ,TRUMAN WAS BORN ON ,MAY #h1 #a#h#h#d1 WAS PUR*AS$ YE/]DAY BY ! ,UNIT$ ,AUTOMOBILE ,WORK]S :I* PLANS TO MAKE IT 9TO A %R9E40 

,! G5TLEMAN :O GAVE ! WORD TO DROP ! FIR/ ATOMIC BOMB 9 HI/ORY ON DEF5SELESS CIVILIANS1 :O1 9 A S5SE1 9AUGURAT$ ! P]IOD ( GREATE/ DANG] & 9SECURITY EV] KN[N1 IS ?US HONOR$ BY ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,U,A,W4 ,:AT >E ! E?ICAL IMPLICATIONS ( SU* EXP5DITURES ( UNION FUNDS8 

,A PUBLIC ,REVIEW ,BO>D0 HAS BE5 CREAT$ BY ! ,U,A,W LEAD]%IP4 ,?IS BO>D IS SUPPOS$ TO BE A PUBLIC WAT*-DOG OV] ! UNION1 & IT IS CONTROLL$ BY \TSID]S ) AU?ORITY TO R5D] FULL & F9AL JUDGM5T & PRESCRIBE P5ALTIES = ALLEG$ (F5D]S4 ,ITS P[]S W\LD 9 C]TA9 RESPECTS BE GREAT] ?AN ?AT ( ! ,G5]AL ,EXECUTIVE ,BO>D ( ! ,UNION4 ,ONE ( ! MEMB]S ( ?IS ,REVIEW ,BO>D IS ,MONSIGNOR ,HIGG9S ( ! ,ROMAN ,CA?OLIC ,HI]>*Y4 ,AT A REC5T ,CONV5TION ( ! ,U,A,W1 ?IS 0IMP>TIAL0 *>ACT] /AT$ ?AT ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,U,A,W 0444IS A LITTLE BIT BETT] ?AN ! RANK & FILE DES]VE40 

,! (FICIAL ORGAN ( ! ,U,A,W1 0,! ,AUTOMOBILE ,WORK]0 7,MAY #a#d1#a#i#e#g71 SAID ?AT1 0,HE 7,MONSIGNOR ,HIGG9S7 CALL$ = A 'PR(\ND R5EWAL ( MORAL & SPIRITUAL VALUES 9 ALL WORK]S4' ,?IS1 HE SAID1 'WILL NEV] COME AB\T UNLESS ! RANK & FILE GET D[N ON !IR KNEES ) REGUL>ITY & SAY HEIR PRAY]S4' 0 

,REU!R OP5S ! DOOR & ! 0S]VANTS ( ! ,LORD0 /EP RI<T 9TO A WORK]S' ORGANIZATION & MAKE !MSELVES AT HOME4 ,FROM ?IS SORT ( ?+ AN COME ! GRADUAL P5ETRATION & EV5TUAL CONTROL ( ! UNIONS BY ! ,*UR*4 ,IT HAS HAPP5$ FREQU5TLY 9 ,EUROPE & C\LD HAPP5 H]E4 

,! ALT]NATIVE TO DEMOCRATIC SELF-RULE--9 UNIONS AS WELL AS 9 SOCIETY AT L>GE--- IS ! DICTATOR%IP ( A M9ORITY4 ,EV]Y LEAD] IS A POT5TIAL DICTATOR1 & ONCE !Y GET SUFFICI5T P[] !Y WILL NOT LET IT LIP FROM !IR H&S4 ,!Y CREATE A 0MA*9E0 TO HELP !M /AY 9 (FICE4 ,NO MATT] H[ BAD A SITUATION MAY BE !Y DO NOT WANT ! MEMB]S TO DO ! H\SE CLEAN+1 AS IT MI<T GO 0TOO F>0 & SWEEP !M \T ( (FICE4 ,!Y MU* PREF] TO %>E ! P[] ) A 0,PUBLIC ,REVIEW4 ,BO>D10 ) ! GOV]NM5T OR ) SOME O!R \TSIDE AG5CY4 

,! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! MEMB]S & !IR LEAD]S 9 !SE C5TRALIZ$ BUS9ESS UNIONS IS A DISRUPT$1 UNHEAL?Y ONE4 ,9 ! BEG9N+1 :5 A UNION IS Y\NG1 ?IS MAY NOT BE NOTIC$1 ! SE$S ( DEG5]ATION NE$ TIME TO SPR\T & GR[4 ,GRADUALLY ! UNION DEVELOPS SOME?+ RESEMBL+ A MILIT>Y-TYPE CA/E SY/EM4 ,ANY ORGANIZATION :]E DECISIONS >E MADE AT ! TOP1 TRANSMITT$ ?R\< A *A9 ( COMM&1 & OBEY$ BY ! RANKS BEL[ AS 9 AN >MY1 IS ESS5TIALLY TOTALIT>IAN4 ,IT IS NOT A COMMUNITY ( LABOR :I* IMPLIES AN ASSOCIATION ( EQUALS MAK+ DECISIONS & C>RY+ !M \T JO9TLY4 

,UNION LEAD]S !MSELVES >E NEI!R BETT] NOR WORSE ?AN O!R M5 4 ,!Y MAY4HAVE ! BE/ ( 9T5TIONS1 BUT ! EX]CISE ( P[] OV] O!RS CORRUPTS !M IT ]ODES !IR P]SONALITIES4 ,! ORIG9AL LEAD]S MAY4 /ILL RETA9 SOME HONE/Y & PR9CIPLES1 BE+ /ILL EMOTIONALLY ATTA*$ TO ! RANK & FILE FROM :I* !Y HAVE LATELY EM]G$4 ,BUT AS TIME GOES ON !Y --OR 9 ANY CASE1 !IR SUCCESSORS--BECOME DECISIVELY 9FLU5C$ BY ! COMPANY !Y KEEP4 ,!Y IMPROVE !IR ECONOMIC /ATUS2 !Y 5T] 9TO FRI5DLY P]SONAL RELATIONS ) ! EMPLOY]S1 & !Y UNCONSCI\SLY ABSORB ! IDEAS & ! E?ICS ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 V]Y FEW 9DIVIDUALS >E ABLE TO RESI/ ! TEMPTATIONS ( P[] & PRE/IGE1 & !SE FEW NEV] BECOME GOOD BUS9ESS UNIONI/S4 

,AS ! ORIG9AL LEAD]S DIE \T OR RETIRE1 !Y >C SUCCE$$ BY PR(ESSIONAL C>E]I/S & UNION POLITICIANS :O >E PROMOT$ FROM ! L[] RANKS ( ! (FICIALDOM OR BR\<T 9 FROM \TSIDE4 ,!SE >E EV5 FUR!R REMOV$ FROM ! M5 ON ! JOB & >E /ILL MORE CYNICAL4 ,! PROCESS ( DEG5]ATION CONT9UES UNTIL IT IS 9T]RUPT$ OR BROK5 BY A REVOLT 9 ! RANKS4 

,! C>E]S ( ,DAVID ,DUB9SKY & ,WALT] ,REU!R ILLU/RATE H[ ?IS PROCESS WORKS4 ,9 #a#i#e#g1 ! ,NEW ,YORK PO/ PUBLI%$ A S]IES ( BIOGRAPHICAL >TICLES ON ,DAVID ,DUB9SKY4 ,! F\R? >TICLE 9 ! S]IES 7,MAY #i?7 REVEALS ?AT ,DUB9SKY HAD BE5 APPO9T$ ,SECRET>Y-,TREASUR] ( ! L,L,G,W,U 9 #aibi & ,PRESID5T 9 #a#i#c#b1 HAV+ HELD BO? ( !SE PO/S EV] S9CE4 ,! ,N4,Y4 ,PO/ 9T]VIEW]1 ,IRW9 ,ROSS1 RECORDS HIS CONV]SATION ) ,DUB9SKY ON ?IS PO9T4 AS FOLL[S3 

0,I ASK$ ,DUB9SKY :E!R HE WAS NOT TR\BL$1 AT LEA/ PHILOSOPHICALLY1 BY SU* A CONC5TRATION ( P[]4 ,IT IS *>ACT]I/IC ( HIM ?AT HE WAS COMPLETELY UNTR\BL$4 

0',SURE1' HE CONC]N$1 ') A CROOK$ PRESID5T1 IT'S GOOD TO HAVE AN 9DEP5D5T SECRET>Y-TREASUR]4 ,BUT 9 AN HONE/ UNION1 :AT'S ! PROBLEM8' 

0,HE HAS A SIMIL> LACK ( ANXIETY AB\T ! EASE ) :I* ! ,G5]AL ,EXECUTIVE ,BO>D CAN RELIEVE LOCAL (FIC]S4 ,EV]Y PAID (FICIAL1 PRIOR TO ASSUM+ HIS DUTIES1 HAS TO SUBMIT AN UNDAT$ RESIGNATION TO 9T]NATIONAL HEADQU>T]S4 ,IT CAN BE ACCEPT$ AT ANY TIME BY A TWO-?IRDS VOTE ( ! ,G,E,B4 ,! PURPOSE ( ?IS PROVISION IS TO SIMPLIFY ! \/] ( DI%ONE/ (FICIALS -- & IT HAS BE5 SO EMPLOY$4 

0,ONE NE$ NOT BE A LEGAL EXP]T TO SEE ?AT ?IS PROVISION C\LD EASILY BE MISUS$ TO VICTIMIZE A DISSID5T FACTION 9 ! UNION1 ,! FACT ?AT ?IS HAS NOT HAPP5$ UND] ,DUB9SKY DOES NOT RELIEVE APPREH5SIONS AB\T ! FUTURE4 

0,DUB9SKY SAYS HE WAS NOT CONC]N$3 ',CAN IT BE MISUS$ ,SURE1 SURE6 ,I AGREE ) Y\1 ,I CONC$E ! PO9T6 ,BUT ,I'M NOT WORRI$ AB\T MY SUCCESSOR -- ,I'M WORRI$ AB\T MY SUCCESSOR'S SUCCESSOR60 

,DUB9SKY1 IT APPE>S1 HAS ALREADY PICK$ HIS SUCCESSOR6 

,9 ! ,OCTOB] #aieg ISSUE ( ! ,AUTO ,WORK]1 (FICIAL ORGAN ( ! ,U,A,W1 !RE APPE>S1 ON PAGE ONE1 A PHOTO ( ,REU!R HOLD+ A DIAGRAM1 CONTRA/+ ! HUGE PR(ITS ( ! 9DU/RY ) ! L[ WAGES PAID TO ! WORK]S4 ,ON PAGE TWO ( ! SAME ISSUE1 9 HEAVY TYPE1 IS F\ND AN 9T]E/+ ITEM :I* WE QUOTE 9 P>T3 

0,P,R,O,P,H,E,T ,( ,C,A,P,I,T,A,L,I,S,M 

0,BLACKPOOL1 ,5GL&3 ,NEWSPAP]S ( EV]Y %ADE ( OP9ION AGRE$ ?AT ,REU!R HAD R\S$ A NORMALLY UNEMOTIONAL AUDI5CE TO *E]S ) AN EXPOSITION ( ! VIRTUES ( ,AM]ICAN PRIVATE 5T]PRISE 9 IMPLI$ CONTRA/ ) ,BRITI% SOCIALISM 

,!N1 9 /ILL HEAVI] TYPE & 9 A SEP>ATE P>AGRAPH3 

0,! ,N,A,T,I,O,N,A,L ,A,S,S,O,C,I,A,T,I,O,N ,( ,M,A,N,U,F,A,C,T,U,R,],S ,M,U,/ ,B,E ,F,L,A,B,B,]-,G,A,/,$,I66660 

,9 ! SAME ISSUE ( ! ,AUTO ,WORK]1 ON PAGE #c1 !RE APPE>S ! DIGE/ ( AN >TICLE BY ,MONSIGNOR ,HIGG9S :I* HAD APPE>$ ORIG9ALLY 9 A ,DETROIT ,CA?OLIC PUBLICATION4 ,9 ?IS >TICLE1 ,HIGG9S W5T \T ( HIS WAY TO DEF5D ,REU!R AGA9/ *>GES ?AT ! LATT] IS A SOCIALI/4 ,HE DEMON/RATES ?AT ,REU!R'S POLICY ( PEACEFUL CO-EXI/5CE AMONG 0MANAGEM5T10 GOV]NM5T & LABOR IS GOOD ,CA?OLIC LABOR DOCTR9E4 ,! *>GE ?AT ,REU!R IS A SOCIALI/ IS UNJU/ & HE DES]VES ! RESPECT & COOP]ATION ( EV]Y ,CA?OLIC PRIE/ & LAYMAN6 

,BO? ,DUB9SKY & ,REU!R W]E AT ONE TIME SOCIALI/S4 ,TOGE!R ) SC>ES ( !IR FELL[ WORK]S !Y W]E BEAT5 UP BY PAID COMPANY GOONS & W]E P]SECUT$ BY ! POLICE L & ! C\RTS4 ,9 ! E>LI] 4P]IOD O F ! ,U,A,W1 ,WALT] ,REU!R HAD EV5 BE5 %OT- ,!SE TWO LEAD]S BO? EM]G$ FROM ! RANK & FILE4 ,!Y ATTA9$ LEAD]%IP ( !IR UNIONS BECAUSE !IR FELL[ WORK]S FELT ?AT !Y W\LD 9 FACT & 9 SPIRIT C>RY =W>D ! ASPIRATIONS ( ! MEMB]%IP4 FT4 WAS ESS5TIALLY !IR SOCIALI/ IDEAS ?AT BR\<T4 !SE TWO M5 TO ! TOP 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 BUT ONCE !RE !Y HAVE BECOME CAPITALISM'S /AUN*E/ SUPPORT]S4 ,! EXAMPLES ( ,REU!R & ,DUB9SKY C\LD BE MULTIPLI$ A ?\S&-FOLD4 ,ON ! ONE H& !IR 9DIVIDUAL CAPITULATION REFLECTS ! LOGICAL DEG5]ATION ( AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALISM2 ON ! O!R IT ILLU/RATES ! MANN] 9 :I* P[] CORRUPTS ! 9DIVIDUALS :O EX]CISE IT1 H]E9 LIES MU* ( ! TRAG$Y ( ! WORLD LABOR MOVEM5T4 

,I,I,I4 ,! ,R,I,S,E ,( ,W,E,L,F,>,I,S,M 

,! ,GREAT ,DEPRESSION ( ! E>LY ?IRTIES M>K$ ! COLLAPSE ( ! SY/EM ( 0PRIVATE 5T]PRISE40 ,IT ALSO SP>K$ ! SPONTANE\S UPRIS+ ( ! WORK]S :I* CULM9AT$ 9 ! SIT-D[N /RIKES ( #a#i#c#f-#c#g1 ,! :OLE SY/EM ( HUMAN EXPLOITATION WAS ?REAT5$4 ,! POLITICAL ,/ATE SAV$ ITSELF1 & ALL ?AT WAS ESS5TIAL TO CAPITALISM BY DO+ :AT 0PRIVATE 5T]PRISE0 C\LD NOT DO4 ,CONCESSIONS W]E MADE TO ! WORK]S1 F>M]S & MIDDLE-CLASS GR\PS & ! PRIVATE CAPITALI/S W]E DEPRIV$ ( SOME ( !IR P[]4 

,9 REGULAT+ ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! CLASSES1 ! ,/ATE 9CREAS$ ITS [N P[] & ! F\NDATIONS ( /ATE CAPITALI/ 0WELF>ISM0 W]E LAID4 ,! ,/ATE C\LD NOT HAVE DONE ?IS ALONE2 IT HAD TO OV]COME ! RESI/ANCE O,L OLD-L9E CAPITALISM & H5CE NE$$ ! COOP]ATION ( A MASS LABOR MOVEM5T 9 ORD] TO CONTROL ! RE/LESS MASSES4 ,! GOV]NM5T ( ,FRANKL9 ,DELANO ,ROOSEVELT 5ACT$ 0FAVORABLE0 LABOR LEGISLATION & GAVE ! 0PROGRESSIVE0 LABOR LEAD]S A *ANCE TO FILL !IR TREASURIES ) ! DUES & ASSESSM5TS ( ! NEWLY ORGANIZ$ WORK]S4 

,AT FIR/ ! LABOR FAK]S ( ! CRAFT UNIONS W\LD NOT COOP]ATE4 ,!Y RESI/$ *ANGE BECAUSE !Y %>$ ! ECONOMIC & SOCIAL IDEAS ( PRIVATE 5T]PRISE CAPITALISM4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! CONS]VATIVE UNIONS C\LD NOT UND]TAKE AN EFFECTIVE PROGRAM ( ORGANIZ+ ! UNORGANIZ$ BECAUSE ( !IR ANTIQUAT$ ORGANIC /RUCTURE & ! JURISDICTIONAL PROBLEMS IT CREAT$4 ,A SPLIT TOOK PLACE & ! ,C,I,O WAS BORN4 

,TIME IS A GREAT HEAL] & TW5TY YE>S BLURR$ ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! RIVAL FACTIONS4 ,! ,C,I,O WAS N[ FIRMLY E/ABLI%$ & ! CONS]VATIVE UNIONI/S HAD ADJU/$ !MSELVES TO ! FACT ?AT 0WELF>ISM0 WAS H]E TO /AY4 ,!Y MU/ LE>N TO LIVE ) IT1 & ?OSE :O C\LD NOT W\LD BE ELIM9AT$4 ,BO? CLIQUES ( LABOR MISLEAD]S CAME TO SEE ! ADVANTAGES & ! NE$ ( PEACEFUL CO-EXI/5CE4 ,!RE W]E1 AFT] ALL1 NO FUNDAM5TAL DIFF]5CES BETWE5 !M4 ,! ,C,I,O ADMITT$ CRAFT UNIONS & ! ,A,F,L W\LD ACCEPT DUES FROM 9DU/RIAL UNIONS4 ,!Y W]E AS TWO ?IEVES :O HAD LONG F\<T OV] ! LOOT & :O F9ALLY WORK$ \T A SETTLEM5T4 ,! UNIT$ ,A,F,L-,CL,O IS ! RESULT4 ,RIVAL CAPITALI/S WILL ALSO =M A TRU/ :5 IT PAYS !M TO DO SO4 ,GRE$ & JURISDICTIONAL CONFLICT MAY DIVIDE !M BUT 5LI<T5$ SELF-9T]E/ DRAWS !M TOGE!R4 ,WOLVES MAY HUNT EI!R ALONE OR 9 PACKS ACCORD+ TO CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,! 0E?ICS0 ( EXP$I5CY >E FLEXIBLE4 

,! *>ACT] & FUNCTION ( ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN UNIONS HAVE *ANG$ GREATLY4 ,A ,/ATE-REGULAT$ ECONOMY NE$S A ,/ATE-REGULAT$ LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,! GOV]NM5T WILL HELP ! UNIONS SO LONG AS ! LEAD]S CAN ASSURE ! SMOO? COOP]ATION ( A DOCILE LABOR =CE4 ,! 0,WELF>E ,/ATE0 HAS COME TO ASSUME EV] GREAT] SOCIAL FUNCTIONS & HAS 9T]V5$ ON AN EV] GREAT] SCALE 9 ! CONTROL ( ECONOMIC & SOCIAL LIFE4 ,IT REGULATES1 & %[S AN 9CREAS+ T5D5CY TO DOM9ATE ! :OLE FIELD ( SOCIAL SECURITY1 BUS9ESS1 LABOR1 CROP & PRICE SUPPORTS1 PUBLIC P[]1 H\S+1 ETC4 

,?IS PROCESS WAS EXP&$ & ACCEL]AT$ BY ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I1 ! ,KOREAN W>1 0DEF5SE0 SP5D+1 =EIGN AID PROGRAMS1 & ! PROSECUTION ( ! 0COLD W>40 ,! BUREAUCRATIC ADM9I/RATIVE APP>ATUS KEPT PACE ) ! EXPANSION ( GOV]NM5TAL P[]4 ,9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY4& LOCAL 9ITIATIVE HAVE DIM9I%$ AS ! ,/ATE DOM9ATION ( SOCIETY HAS 9CREAS$4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL HAS HAD LESS & LESS TO SAY AB\T HIS [N LIFE & 9T]E/S AS ! ,GOV]NM5T PRESCRIBES1 TO AN EV] GREAT] DEGREE1 ! CONDITIONS UND] :I* HE MU/ LIVE4 ,?IS PROCESS CONT9UES 9EXORABLY1 REG>DLESS ( ! POLITICAL P>TY 9 P[]4 

,A SIMIL> DEVELOPM5T HAS BE5 GO+ ON 9 ! LABOR ORGANIZATIONS4 ,AS ! UNIONS HAVE 9CREAS$ 9 MEMB]%IP1 AS !Y HAVE CONV]T$ !MSELVES 9TO JOB TRU/S & GONE 9TO ! FIELD ( WELF>E1 !Y HAVE E/ABLI%$ A SIMIL> SY/EM )9 !IR [N DOMA94 ,! ADM9I/RATIVE MA*9]Y HAS GR[N 9 PROPORTION4 ,! LABOR BUREAUCRACY--BY ITSELF OR JO9TLY ) ! EMPLOY]S----CONTROLS AN E/IMAT$ #ce BILLION DOLL>S 9 WELF>E FUNDS1 :I* IT USES TO RE9=CE ITS POSITIONS & R5D] ! MEMB]%IP EV] MORE DEP5D5T UPON !M4 

,! DICTATOR%IP ( ! LEAD]S OV] ! WORK]S HAS BE5 FUR!R 9CREAS$ BY ! VICI\S PRACTICE ( 9DU/RY-WIDE 0COLLECTIVE B>GA9+0 ON A NATIONAL SCALE1 LONG-T]M CONTRACTS & ! P[] TO DISCIPL9E DISSID5TS AMONG ! MEMB]S4 

,JU/ AS ! CITIZ5'S RI<TS >E CURTAIL$ BY ! GR[+ P[] ( ! BUREAUCRACY ( ! ,/ATE1 SO ! WORK]S' RI<TS >E CURTAIL$ BY ! EV] GREAT] USURPATION ( P[] BY ! L LABOR BUREAUCRACY4 ,SUBJECT$ TO ! TRIPLE EXPLOITATION & SUPPRESSION BY ! EMPLOY]S1 ! ,/ATE & ! UNION BUREAUCRACY1 ! WORK]- HAS EV] LESS TO SAY AB\T HIS WAGES & HIS WORK+ CONDITIONS4 ,9/EAD ( FI<T+ = %ORT] H\RS & TO WRE/ BETT] CONDITIONS ( LIFE = HIMSELF & HIS FAMILY1 HE IS =C$ TO SEEK MORE 0OV]TIME04 ,OR ELSE HE S5DS HIS WIFE \T TO WORK444 OR BO?4 

,! M]G] O,L ! ,A,F,L & ! ,C,I,O WAS AN ATTEMPT TO BETT] FIT ! UNION /RUCTURE TO ! NE$S ( /ATE CAPITALI/ 0WELF>ISM10 :I* REQUIRES A MAXIMUM C5TRALIZATION ( CONTROL OV] ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,A MILIT>Y COMM&] CANNOT TOL]ATE JURISDICTIONAL DISPUTES BETWE5 SECTIONS ( ! >M$ =CES4 ,! >MY MU/ BE FIRMLY DISCIPL9$4 ,IT MU/ OBEY AS A UNIT4 ,A REGIM5T$ LABOR MOVEM5T IS A CIVILIAN >MY & JURISDICTIONAL DISPUTES CANNOT BE TOL]AT$4 

,! ,/ATE DRIVES T[>DS COMPLETE CONTROL ( SOCIETY4 ,?IS IS 9H]5T 9 ITS NATURE & ESPECIALLY SO 9 SU* A P]IOD AS ! PRES5T4 ,/ATE CAPITALI/ 0,WELF>ISM0 IS EXPLOITATION /REAML9$4 ,A,F,L-,C,I,O UNIONISM IS BUS9ESS UNIONISM /REAML9$4 ,! GR\NDWORK IS BE+ PREP>$ = A FUTURE TOTALIT>IAN SOCIETY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ! ,A,FL-,C,I,O ALREADY PLAYS ! ROLE ( 0TABOR FRONT0 9 ! EMBRYONIC SET-UP4 ,:5 ! PROCESS IS COMPLET$1 AS IT WILL BE IF NOT /OPP$ BY WORK+ CLASS RESI/ANCE ON A MASSIVE SCALE1 ! UNIONS WILL 5D UP BY BE+ AS IMPOT5T AS >E ! UNIONS 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,DUR+ ! :OLE P]IOD ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,FASCISM & 0,COMMUNISM10 ! BASIC FEATURES COMMON TO BO? ( !M HAVE BE5 OR >E BE+ ADAPT$ = \R [N C\NTRY4 

,I,V4 ,A ,F,E,W ,P,A,G,E,S ,F,R,O,M ,L,A,B,O,R ,H,I,/,O,R,Y 

,NO BETT] SUMM>Y ( ! MEAN+ ( BUS9ESS UNIONISM CAN BE F\ND !N ?AT GIV5 BY 0,MO!R0 ,JONES.- ,?IS REM>KABLE WOMAN WAS ONE ( ! MO/ MILITANT & SELFLESS FIGURES 9 ! HI/ORY ( ,AM]ICAN LABOR4 ,%E DEVOT$ MO/ ( H] LIFE TO ! ORGANIZATION ( ! M9]S4 ,%E P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! ,FIR/ ,CONV5TION ( ! ,I,W,W4 ,H] LIFE-SPAN 7%E WAS WELL OV] N9ETY :5 %E DI$7 COV]$ ! MO/ IMPORTANT P]IOD 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ,AM]ICAN UNIONISM4 ,H] AUTOBIOGRAPHY IS AN EXCELL5T FIR/-H& ACC\NT ( ! HI/ORY ( ?AT P]IOD4 ,9 H] CLOS+ *APT]1 5TITL$ 0,PROGRESS 9 ,SPITE ( ,LEAD]S10 %E SUMS UP H] IMPRESSIONS3 

0,AS ,I LOOK BACK OV] ! LONG1 LONG YE>S1 ,I SEE ?AT 9 ALL MOVEM5TS = ! BETT]M5T ( M5'S LIVES1 IT IS ! PIONE]S :O BORE MO/ ( ! SUFF]+4 ,:5 !SE MOVEM5TS BECAME E/ABLI%$1 :5 !Y BECAME POPUL>1 O!RS REAP$ ! B5EFITS4 ,?US IT HAS BE5 ) ! LABOR MOVEM5T444 ,MANY ( \R MOD]N LEAD]S HAVE W&]$ F> FROM ! ?ORNY PA? ( !SE E>LY CRUSAD]S4 ,NEV] 9 ! E>LY DAYS ( ! LABOR /RUGGLE W\LD Y\ F9D LEAD]S W9+ & D9+ ) ! >I/OCRACY2 NOR DID !IR WIVES /RUT AB\T LIKE DIAMOND B$ECK$ PEACOCKS444 

0,! WIVES ( !SE E>LY LEAD]S TOOK 9 WA%+ TO MAKE 5DS MEET4 ,!IR *ILDR5 PICK$ & SOLD B]RIES4 ,! WOM5 %>$ ! H]OISM & PRIVATION ( !IR HUSB&S444 

0,! RANK & FILE HAVE LET !IR S]VANTS BECOME !IR MA/]S & DICTATORS4 ,! WORK]S HAVE N[ TO FI<T NOT ONLY ! EXPLOIT]S BUT LIKEWISE !IR [N LEAD]S1 :O (T5 BETRAY !M1 :O SELL !M \T1 :O PUT !IR [N ADVANCEM5T AHEAD ( ?AT ( !4 WORK+ MASSES1 :O MAKE ( ! RANK & FILE POLITICAL PAWNS40 

,!SE REM>KS S\ND FAMILI>4 ,IF 0,MO!R0 ,JONES W]E ALIVE TODAY %E W\LD NOT HAVE TO RETRACT ANY ( H] /ATEM5TS4 ,! TRU? ( H] CONT5TIONS WAS CONFIRM$ 9 #aieg BY ,L\IS ,HOLL&]1 ,PRESID5T ( ! ,NEW ,YORK ,C,I,O & ,MANAG] ( ! ,AMALGAMAT$ ,CLO?+ ,WORK]S' ,NEW ,YORK ,JO9T ,HO>D3 

0,9 MANY UNIONS !RE IS LITTLE SIGN ?AT ! LEAD]S >E EV5 TRY+ TO MA9TA9 CONTACT ) ! MEMB]%IP4 ,SOME SEEM TO FEEL ?AT ! UNION %OP CONTRACT & COMPULSORY *ECK-(FS ( UNION DUES HAVE MADE IT UNNECESS>Y = !M TO KN[ :AT ! MEMB]S WANT & NE$4 ,TOO MANY SU* LEAD]S LIVE 9 A WORLD AP>T2 A WORLD 9 :I* ! BADGES ( A*IEVEM5T >E HI< SAL>IES1 EXP5SIVE AUTOMOBILES1 MEMB]%IP 9 C\NTRY CLUBS1 & O!R APPURT5ANCES ( WEAL?40 

,?IS HELPS TO EXPLA9 :Y ! ATTITUDE ( MANY WORK]S TO ! LEAD]S ( !IR UNIONS IS SIMIL> TO !IR ATTITUDE T[>DS ! MAN 9 ! ,:ITE D\SE1 ! GOV]NOR 9 ! ,/ATE ,H\SE1 ! MAYOR ( ! CITY OR ! BOSS 9 HIS (FICE4 ,! FACT ?AT MILLIONS ( WORK]S >E SO 9DIFF]5T4 ,LO ! AFFAIRS ( ! ORGANIZATIONS :I* 9VOLVE !IR LIVELIHOOD %[S H[ DEEPLY ! CORRUPTION 9 \R SOCIETY HAS P5ETRAT$4 

,! EVILS ?AT AFFLICT TODAY'S LABOR ORGANIZATIONS >E NOT ACCID5TAL ,!Y HAVE BE5 TRANSMITT$ & 9CREAS$ FROM ONE G5]ATION ( LABOR FAK]S TO ANO!R4 ,! EVILS ?AT PLAGUE !4 ,A,F,L-,C,I,O CAN BE TRAC$ TO ITS ANCE/OR1 ! OLD N9ETE5? C5TURY ,AM]ICAN ,F$]ATION ( LABOR4 ,! REAL F\ND]S ( BUS9ESS UNIONISM W]E NOT ,DUB9SKY1 ,REU!R ,MEANY OR NAVE ,BECK4 ,!Y >E ONLY FOLL[+ 9 ! FOOT/EPS ( ,SAMUEL ,GOMP]S & HIS DISCIPLES1 ,JOHN ,MIT*ELL1 ,MAT!W ,WOLL1 ,WILLIAM ,GRE51 ,D>T ,TOB9 & ,JOHN ,LEWIS4 

,! ,A,F,L WAS F\ND$ 9 #ahha & REORGANIZ$ 9 #a#h#h#f-4 ,ITS FIR/ PRESID5T WAS ,SAMUEL ,GOMP]S :O RUL$ OV] ! ORGANIZATION = #cg YE>S2 HIS T]M ( (FICE EXPIR$ ) HIS DEA?4 ,WILLIAM ,GRE51 HIS SUCCESSOR !N RUL$ UNTIL HE DI$ & WAS FOLL[$ BY ,GEORGE ,MEANY1 :OSE T]M ( (FICE WILL PROBABLY ONLY BE LIMIT$ BY HIS LIFESPAN4 ,9 ! MORE ?AN SEV5 DECADES S9CE #a#h#h#f1 ! ,A,F,L HAS HAD ONLY ?REE PRESID5TS6 

,MANY ( ! AFFILIAT$ UNIONS HAVE ADOPT$ ! SAME PRACTICE ( LIFETIME T]MS ( (FICE4 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR WAS ONE ( ! MA9 CAUSES = ! DECL9E ( ! MU* MORE MILITANT ,KNI<TS ( ,LABOR4 ,9 HIS BOOK1 0,! ,I,W,W 9 ,!ORY & ,PRACTICE10 ,JU/US ,EB]T PO9TS \T ?AT ! ,A,F,L ALLI$ ITSELF ) ! CAPITALI/ :O1 

0444FE>$ ! WORK+-CLASS T5D5CIES ( ! ,KNI<TS ( ,LABOR1 SCABB$ ! ,KNI<TS ( ,LABOR \T ( EXI/5CE4 ,! BREW+1 CIG>--MAK+1 RAILROAD+1 COAL-M9+ & O!R 9DU/RIES >E FULL ( ! HI/ORY ( ,A,F,L SCABB]Y AGA9/ ! ,KNI<TS ( ,LABOR4 ,?IS SCABB]Y1 LOGICALLY1 DEVELOP$ 9 ! ,A,F,L UNTIL1 9 ALLIANCE ) ! ,NATIONAL ,CIVIC ,F$]ATION1 ! ,A,F,L WAS CALL$ BY ! ,WALL ,/REET ,J\RNAL1 '! GREATE/ BULW>K 9 ?IS C\NTRY AGA9/ SOCIALISM4'0 7PAGE #d#b1 #e? ,REVIS$ ,$ITION74 

,SAMUEL ,YELL51 9 0,AM]ICAN ,LABOR ,/RUGGLES10 TELLS H[ ! ,A,F,L SABOTAG$ ! #ahid ,PULLMAN /RIKE ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,RAILWAY ,UNION1 IMP]I%ABLY ASSOCIAT$ ) ! NAME ( ,EUG5E ,VICTOR ,DEBS3 

0,EV5 ?\< ! WORK]S 9 BO? ,*ICAGO & ,/4 ,L\IS W]E 9 FAVOR ( A G5]AL /RIKE1 MANY (FICIALS ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR FAIL$ TO RESPOND TO ,DEBS' PLEA1 & AS A RESULT ( ?IS CONFLICT+ AU?ORITY1 CONFUSION >OSE4 ,AT ! REQUE/ ( ,DEBS1 A MEET+ ( TW5TY-FIVE *IEF NATIONAL (FIC]S ( ! ,F$]ATION1 AMONG !M ,SAMUEL ,GOMP]S1 WAS HELD 9 ,*ICAGO4 ,HE 7,DEBS7 URG$ ! CALL+ ( A SYMPA!TIC G5]AL /RIKE40 ,GOMP]S REFUS$4 

0,HE ADVIS$ ! WORK]S TO GIVE UP ! /RIKE & TO 'SEEK CORRECTION ( 9DU/RIAL & ECONOMIC AILM5TS AT ! BALLOT BOX4'0 

0,AGA9/ ! WI%ES ( ! RANK & FILE1 ! LEAD]S ( ! ,*ICAGO UNIONS CALL$ (F ! G5]AL /RIKE1 ,ON HIS WAY TO ! MEET+ 9 ,*ICAGO1 ,GOMP]S HAD REM>K$1 0,I AM RID+ TO ! FUN]AL ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,RAILWAY ,UNION40' 

,?US WAS CRU%$ ?IS H]OIC ATTEMPT TO ORGANIZE ALL ! EXPLOIT$ UNSKILL$ WORK]S ( A BASIC 9DU/RY TOGE!R ) ! SKILL$ WORK]S1 9TO NON ORGANIZATION4 ,IT WAS ?IS ATTITUDE ( ! ,A,F,L1 EXPRESS$ REPEAT$LY 9 DIFF]5T SITUATIONS1 :I* L$ TO ! =MATION ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD 7,I,W,W71 ) ,DEBS' P>TICIPATION4 

,9 #a#i#a1 ,GOMP]S BECAME VICE-PRESID5T ( ! ,NATIONAL ,CIVIC ,F$]ATION1 AN ORGANIZATION ( ! P]IOD CORRESPOND+ TO ! PRES5T ,NATIONAL ,ASSOCIATION ( ,MANUFACTUR]S4 ,IT WAS D$ICAT$ TO 0! FO/]+ ( H>MONY1 BETWE5 CAPITAL & ORGANIZ$ LABOR10 ,ITS LEAD]%IP 9CLUD$ ,AUGU/ ,BELMONT1 BANK]2 ,&REW ,C>NEGIE1 /EEL MAGNATE2 & ,M>CUS ,A4 ,HANNA1 MILLIONAIRE BOSS ( ! ,REPUBLICAN ,P>TY4 ,IT WAS ,HANNA :O FIR/ DESCRIB$ ! ,A,F,L LEAD]%IP AS ! 0LABOR LIEUT5ANTS ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS40 

,! ,A,F,L LEAD]%IP F\<T ! NEWLY CREAT$ ,I,W,W1 AS IT HAD F\<T O!R REVOLUTION>Y UNIONS1 ) ALL ! WEAPONS AT ITS COMM&4 ,! P>T PLAY$ BY ! PRO-CAPITALI/ UNION LEAD]S 9 ! ,LAWR5CE1 ,MASS4 TEXTILE /RIKE ( #aiab IS DISCUSS$ BY ,YELL51 :O SAYS1 0,! ATTITUDE O,L ! /RIK]S T[>D ! CRAFT UNIONS WAS RA!R MILDLY EXPRESS$ BY ,M>Y ,K4 ,O',SULLIVAN1 :O 9 #ahib HAD BECOME ! FIR/ WOMAN ORGANIZ] ( ! ,A,F,L40 ,YELL5 !N TELLS US :AT %E SAID3 

0,NO?+ WAS SO CONDUCIVE TO ! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD 7,I,W,W7 AS ! ME?ODS US$ BY ! ?REE BRAN*ES ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR444 ,CA?OLICS1 ,JEWS1 ,PROTE/ANTS & UNBELIEV]S--M5 & WOM5 ( MANY RACES & LANGUAGES---W]E WORK+ TOGE!R AS HUMAN BE+S ) A COMMON CAUSE4 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR ALONE REFUS$ TO COOP]ATE4 ,AS A CONSEQU5CE ! /RIK]S CAME TO LOOK UPON ! ,F$]ATION AS A =CE ALMO/ AS DANG]\S TO !IR SUCCESS AS ! EMPLOY]S !MSELVES1 & L VIOLATE NO CONFID5CE 9 SAY+ ?AT ! OP]ATIVES REPRES5T$ 9 ! /RIKE COMMITTEE HAD MORE RESPECT = ! MILL [N]S ?AN = ! LEAD]S ( ?IS ANTAGONI/IC ELEM5T )9 !IR [N RANKS4 ,A /RIK] :O W5T TO ! ,F$]ATION = RELIEF WAS LOOK$ UPON AS A RECREANT TO HIS CAUSE & BE=E ! /RIKE 5D$ ! ,AM]ICAN ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR ORGANIZATIONS1 BY OP5LY REFUS+ TO GIVE HELP TO ANYONE :O REFUS$ TO RETURN TO WORK1 CAME TO BE LOOK$ UPON AS A TRAP DESIGN$ 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! MILLS TO CAT* ANY WORK]S :O C\LD BE 9DUC$ TO DES]T !IR CAUSE40 

,IT HAS BE5 ASS]T$ ?AT ! MISDE$S ( ! ,A,F,L W]E DUE TO ITS CRAFT-UNION /RUCTURE4 ,?IS IS NOT SO4 ,9 SPITE ( ! FACT ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,M9E ,WORK]S WAS ALWAYS AN 9DU/RIAL UNION IT HAS A LONG RECORD ( CORRUPTION1 LESS COLLABORATION & DISREG>D ( ! RI<TS ( ! MEMB]%IP EV]Y BIT AS %AMEFUL AS ANY ( ! ,A,F,L CRAFT-UNIONS4 ,! M9]S' UNION WAS AFFILIAT$ TO ! ,A,F,L = MANY YE>S & ITS LEAD]%IP WAS P]MEAT$ ) ! SPIRIT ( ,GOMP]ISM4 ,LEWIS BECAME PRESID5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,M9E ,WORK]S 9 #a#i#b4 ,HIS MA*9E HAS RUL$ ! ORGANIZATION EV] S9CE1 RU?LESSLY CRU%+ EV]Y OPPOSITION MOVEM5T (T5 ) ! HELP ( ! M9E[N]S4 

,A FEW EXAMPLES WILL ILLU/RATE ! ,LEWIS BR& ( 0,9DU/RIAL ,UNIONISM40 ,9 ! AN?RACITE /RIKE ?AT BEGAN ON ,SEPT4 #a1 #aibe & WAS SETTL$ ON ,FEB4 #a#b1 #a#i#b#f1 ,LEWIS DEM&$ ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! *ECK-(F SY/EM4 ,! LATT] WAS APTLY DESCRIB$ BY ,DANIEL DE ,LEON AS FOLL[S3 

0,! *ECK-(F TURNS ! EMPLOY] 9TO A UNION (FIC]4 ,SEE+ HE *ECKS (F FROM ! PAY 5VELOPES1 ! DUES1 ASSESSM5TS & O!R MONEY OBLIGATIONS ( ! M5 TO ! UNION1 & TURNS ! SAME OV] TO ! UNION TREASURY1 ! EMPLOY] IS TURN$ 9TO A SORT ( F9ANCIAL SECRET>Y ( ! UNION1 A SELF-ELECT$ ONE AT ?AT40 

,9 RETURN = ! *ECK-(F1 ,LEWIS SIGN$ A FIVE-YE> NO-/RIKE AGREEM5T1 IGNOR+ ! DEM&S ( ! MEMB]S = MORE WAGES & BETT] WORK+ CONDITIONS4 ,:ILE ! AN?RACITE M9]S W]E ON /RIKE1 ! S(T-COAL M9]S --MEMB]S ( ! SAME UNION--W]E BUSY DIGG+ BITUM9\S COAL :I* WAS US$ AS A SUB/ITUTE6 

,BUS9ESS CIRCLES REACT$ 5?USIA/ICALLY TO ! /RIKE SETTLEM5T4 ,!IR ORGAN1 ,! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES1 WAX$ LYRICAL3 

0,/RIKES BE+ VIRTUALLY EXCLUD$1 ! OP]ATORS HAVE NO OBJECTIONS TO ! *ECK-(F2 ?R\<\T1 !Y HAVE %[N A WILL+NESS TO /R5G!N & BUILD UP ! UNION 9 ALL ITS LEGITIMATE ACTIVITIES40 

,! ,TIMES ALSO C>RI$ ! FOLL[+ DISPAT*3 

0,P,H,I,L,A,D,E,L,P,H,I,A1 ,FEB4 #a#b--,A HUGE BASKET ( ROSES WAS S5T TONI<T TO ,JOHN ,LLEWELLYN ,LEWIS1 PRESID5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,M9E ,WORK]S1 BY ,MAJOR ,W4,W4 ,9OLIS1 *AIRMAN ( ! ,AN?RACITE ,OP]ATORS' ,NEGOTIAT+ ,COMMITTEE4 ,) ! FL[]S WAS A C>D :I* PO9T$ \T ?AT 'BESIDES M>K+ ! 5D ( ! /RIKE1 IT IS ! BIR?DAY ( ! M9]S' LEAD] & ( ANO!R GREAT ,AM]ICAN1 ,ABRAHAM ,L9COLN4'0 

,BECAUSE ,LEWIS WAS 9 ! =EFRONT ( ! FI<T = 09DU/RIAL UNIONISM0 & PLAY$ A KEY P>T 9 ! LAUN*+ ( ! ,CONGRESS ( ,9DU/RIAL ,ORGANIZATIONS 7,C,I,O71 HE IS HELD 9 CONSID]ABLE E/EEM 9 MANY PROGRESSIVE & EV5 0RADICAL0 CIRCLES4 ,?OSE :O ?\<T ,LEWIS HAD R5\NC$ BUS9ESS UNIONISM :5 HE F\ND$ ! ,C,I,O W]E MI/AK54 ,AT ! #aice ,CONV5TION ( ! ,A,F,L1 ,LEWIS HAD TRI$ TO CONV9CE ! CRAFT-UNIONI/S ?AT ! 9DU/RIAL =M ( ORGANIZATION WAS NECESS>Y = ! PRES]VATION ( BUS9ESS UNIONISM4 ,WE QUOTE HIM3 

0,! ,AM]ICAN ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR /&S = ?AT 7! 'PROTECTION ( \R =M ( GOV]NM5T & \R E/ABLI%$ 9/ITUTIONS'74 ,H[ MU* MORE SECURITY W\LD WE HAVE 9 ?IS C\NTRY = \R =M ( GOV]NM5T IF WE HAD A LABOR MOVEM5T ?AT REPRES5T$1 NOT M]ELY A CROSS-SECTION ( SKILL$ WORK]S1 BUT ?AT REPRES5T$ ! M5 :O WORK ) !IR H&S 9 \R GREAT 9DU/RIES1 REG>DLESS ( !IR TRADE ( CALL+80 

77,ALL QUOTES RELAT+ TO ,LEWIS FROM ,J,O,H,N ,L4 ,L,E,W,I,S ,E,X,P,O,S,$6 BY ,]IC ,HAAS1 ,NEW ,YORK ,LABOR ,NEWS ,GO-1 #b#i#c#g77 

,V4 ,! ,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N,>,Y ,T,R,A,D,I,T,I,O,N 

,WE HAVE DELV$ 9TO ! PA/ & SKET*$ SOME HI<LI<TS 9 ! EVOLUTION ( ,AM]ICAN UNIONISM BECAUSE ! BUS9ESS UNIONISM ( ! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O IS ! PRODUCT ( ?IS EVOLUTION4 ,! UND]/&+ ( A MOVEM5T REQUIRES ! APPRECIATION ( ! =CES & EV5TS ?AT %AP$ IT4 

,TO ! EXT5T ?AT BUS9ESS UNIONISM DOM9ATES !RE IS NO G5U9E LABOR MOVEM5T TODAY4 ,:ATEV] VITALITY /ILL EXI/S )9 ! UNIONS /EMS FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CIES & IT IS UPON ! 5C\RAGEM5T ( !SE TR5DS ?AT ITS ULTIMATE REG5]ATION DEP5DS4 

,! LABOR MOVEM5T 9 \R C\NTRY >OSE AS A PROTE/1 A REBELLION AGA9/ ! V]Y SY/EM TO :I* BUS9ESS UNIONISM HAS PL$G$ ITS ALLEGIANCE4 ,ITS OBJECTIVES W]E REVOLUTION>Y & ITS ME?ODS ( /RUGGLE W]E 9 ACCORD ) !SE OBJECTIVES4 ,! ,LIB]T>IAN CONCEPTS ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 DIRECT ACTION1 LOCAL AUTONOMY1 F$]ALISM & MUTUAL AID >E ALL DEEPLY ROOT$ 9 ,AM]ICAN LABOR TRADITIONS4 

,\R LABOR MOVEM5T HAS A LONG RECORD ( H]OIC /RUGGLES4 ,! GREAT RAILROAD /RIKES ( #a#h#g#g1 ! MOVEM5T = ! EI<T-H\R DAY :I* CULM9AT$ 9 ! HANG+ ( ! ,*ICAGO AN>*I/S & ! G5]AL /RIKE ON ,MAY ,FIR/1 #a#h#h#f1 N[ COMMEMORAT$ ?R\<\T ! WORLD AS ,9T]NATIONAL ,LABOR ,DAY1 ! ,HOME/EAD /EELWORK]S' /RIKE 9 #a#h#i#b1 ! EPO*AL BATTLE ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,RAILWAY ,UNION 7REF]R$ TO ABOVE71 ! AN?RACITE M9]S' /RIKE ( #a#i#b1 ! MONUM5TAL /RIKES F\<T UND] ! BANN] ( ! ,I,W,W1 0,BLOODY ,LUDL[0 9 #a#i#a#d1 ! GREAT /EEL /RIKE ( #a#i#a#i1 ! ,S\!RN TEXTILE /RIKES ( #a#i#b#i1 ! 9SPIR+ SIT-D[N /RIKES ( ! #a#i#cS--!SE >E MILE/ONES ( ! ONW>D M>* ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,IT IS !SE /RUGGLES1 & C\NTLESS O!R REVOLTS ?AT HAVE BE5 RESPONSIBLE = EV]Y GA9 MADE BY LABOR4 ,EV]Y ADVANCE WAS BITT]LY F\<T BY ! EMPLOY+ CLASS 9 ! C\RSE ( TITANIC CLASS /RUGGLES4 ,! BOSSES W]E =C$ TO NEGOTIATE & YIELD CONCESSIONS ONLY BECAUSE ! WORK]S W5T \T ON /RIKE OR ?REAT5$ TO DO SO4 

,! GREAT RAILROAD /RIKES ( #ahgg 9SPIR$ ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 TO WRITE TWO >TICLES 9 ! ,BULLET9 ( ! ,JURA 7,SWITZ]L&7 ,F$]ATION4 ,ROB]T ,HUN QUOTES HIM3 

0,?IS MOVEM5T WILL HAVE C]TA9LY IMPRESS$ PR(\NDLY ! PROLET>IAT ( ,EUROPE & EXCIT$ ITS ADMIRATION4 ,ITS SPONTANIETY1 ITS SIMULTANE\SNESS AT SO MANY DIFF]5T PO9TS1 COMMUNICAT+ BY TELEGRAPH1 ! AID GIV5 BY ! WORK]S ( DIFF]5T TRADES1 ! RESOLUTE *>ACT] 4( ! UPRIS+ FROM ! BEG9N+1 CALL =? \R SYMPA?IES1 EXCITE \R ADMIRATION1 & QUICK5 \R HOPES144 ,W\LD ?AT ?IS FL[+ ( NOBLE BLOOD PROVE ONCE AGA9 ! BL9DNESS ( ?OSE :O AMUSE ! PEOPLE ) ! PLAY?+ ( P>LIAM5T>IANISM :5 ! P[D] MAGAZ9E IS READY TO TAKE FIRE1 UNKN[N TO !M AT ! EA/ SP>K40 77,V,I,O,L,5,C,E ,& ,! ,L,A,B,O,R1 ,M,O,V,E,M,5,T1 ,! ,MACMILLAN ,CO41#a#i#a#d77 

,! ,U,A,W--,AMMUNITION ( ,M>* #aieg WAS DEVOT$ TO ! TW5TIE? ANNIV]S>Y ( ! SIT-D[N /RIKES REF]R$ TO ABOVE4 ,IT PO9T$ \T ?AT 9 #aicg 0CLOSE TO #b11 WORK]S 5GAG$ 9 A TOTAL ( MORE ?AN #d1#g /RIKES40 ,?IS WAS A SPONTANE\S MASS MOVEM5T ( ! WORK]S & ,AMMUNITION /AT$ ?AT3 

0,! WORK]S W]E ! DISPOSSESS$4 ,BITT]NESS & HATR$ FE/]$ )9 !M1 UNTIL IT BUR/ =? 9 #a#i#c#g444 ALL ! GA9S MADE BY ! 9DU/RIAL WORK]S DATE FROM ?AT YE>4 ,TIME & A HALF = OV]TIME2 = WORK ON ! SIX? DAY2 D\BLE TIME = ,SUNDAY WORK2 CALL-9 PAY2 PAID VACATIONS & HOLIDAYS2 CONTROL OV] SPE$-UP2 ! RI<T TO FILE A GRIEVANCE4 NI<T %IFT DIFF]5TIALS1 P5SION2 HOSPITAL1 & M$ICAL 9SURANCE2 ALL )\T EXCEPTION--D]IVE FROM #a#i#c#g1 FROM ! C\RAGE ( ! M5 :O SAT D[N40 7PAGE #a#a7 

,IT IS ON ! /R5G? ( SU* SACRIFICES BY ! WORK+ PEOPLE ?AT ! LABOR FAK]S HAVE BUILT UP AN EMPIRE4 ,ONLY ! /R5G? ( ! RANK & FILE CAN %AKE !SE NEW P>ASITES (F !IR BACKS4 

,! ,AM]ICAN LABOR MOVEM5T HAS ITS ROOTS 9 A S]IES ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTS4 ITS PIONE]S1 :E!R !Y KNEW IT OR NOT41 W]E REVOLUTIONI/S & W]E SO TREAT$ BY ! EMPLOY]S & BY ! ,/ATE4 ,! UNION MOVEM5T BEGAN AS A NATURAL & SPONTANE\S REVOLT AGA9/ ! EMPLOY]S- ,REVOLUTION>Y UNIONISM & SOCIALI/ IDEAS DEVELOP$ TOGE!R 9 ! C\RSE ( !SE /RUGGLES4 ,! WORK]S CAME TO REALIZE ?AT BEH9D ! BOSS /OOD ! :OLE CAPITALI/4 SY/EM---! ,/>E1 ! C\RTS1 ! >MY1 ! POLICE1 ! CL]GY1 ! S*OOLS & ! PRESS4 ,?9K+ PEOPLE SAW ?AT ! OLD SOCIETY %\LD BE4 REPLAC$ BY A NEW1 FREE & JU/ WORLD4 

,9 ! C\RSE ( !SE LABOR /RUGGLES & 9 /RESS+ ! ECONOMIC DEM&S ( ! WORK]S1 MANY RADICALS HAVE UND]-E/IMAT$ OR IGNOR$ ! DEEP] /RIV+S ( ! PEOPLE 9VOLV$4 ,BEH9D ! /RUGGLE = BREAD LIES ! CRY = JU/ICE4 ,BEH9D ! /RUGGLE = BETT] WORK+ CONDITIONS LIES ! DEM& = 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM & = HUMAN RI<TS4 ,SOLID>ITY ON ! JOB & ON ! PICKET L9E IS ! ECONOMIC EXPRESSION ( MAN'S 9BORN FEEL+ ( MUTUAL AID4 ,UNION M5 CALL EA* O!R BRO!RS4 

,TRUE SOCIALISM IS MU* MORE ?AN AN ECONOMIC DOCTR9E4 ,IT IS AN E?ICAL IDEAS4 ,IT CANNOT BE IMPOS$ BY DECREE FROM ABOVE4 ,IT GR[S \T ( ! FEEL+ ( BRO!RHOOD & IS =G$ 9 ! COMMON /RUGGLE = NOBLE AIMS4 

,?AT ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM HAD \TLIV$ :ATEV] SOCIALLY USEFUL FUNCTION IT MAY HAVE ONCE HAD & WAS READY = ! G>BAGE CAN ( HI/ORY WAS UND]/OOD BY ?9K+ WORK]S OV] A HUNDR$ YE>S AGO4 ,?AT A NEW SOCIAL ORD] 9 :I* ! PR(IT SY/EM1 ! EXPLOITATION ( MAN BY MAN1 W\LD BE REPLAC$ BY ONE 9 :I* ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION W\LD BE COMMONLY [N$ & ADM9I/]$ BY ALL & = ALL1 WAS ALSO UND]/OOD BY MANY4 ,!SE IDEAS W]E NOT COOK$ UP 9 ! HEAT$ IMAG9ATIONS ( A FEW 0P>= P9KS40 ,!Y GREW \T ( ! V]Y REAL EXP]I5CES ( ! WORK]S 9 ! C\RSE ( BITT] CLASS /RUGGLES4 

,AMONG !SE CONSCI\S1 ?9K+ PEOPLE !RE WAS G5]AL AGREEM5T ?AT CAPITALISM MU/ BE SUPPLANT$ BY A FREE1 CLASSLESS4 SOCIETY4 ,BUT !RE WAS GREAT DISAGREEM5T AS TO H[ ?IS MI<T HE ACCOMPLI%$4 ,IT WAS ONLY NATURAL ?AT EV]Y %ADE & V>IETY ( SOCIALI/ ?\<T %\LD BE F\ND )9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 NOT ONLY ABROAD BUT ALSO 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 ,!SE DISAGREEM5TS REVOLV$ >\ND SEV]AL FUNDAM5TAL RELAT$ ISSUES -- ! AIM & FUNCTION ( ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS1 ! UNIONS UND] CAPITALISM & !IR AIM & FUNCTION )9 ! NEW SOCIALI/ SOCIETY4 ,:I* WAY = ! WORK]S-P>LIAM5T>Y POLITICAL ACTION OR ECONOMIC ACTION-OR A COMB9ATION ( BO?8 ,CAN CAPITALISM BE ABOLI%$ BY A MAJORITY VOTE 9 ,CONGRESS OR BY ! DIRECT ACTION ( ! UNIONS ?R\< A G5]AL /RIKE ,:5 A ,WORK]S' ,COMMONWEAL? IS E/ABLI%$1 :O WILL RUN 9DU/RY-! ,/ATE OR ! UNIONS8 

,:]EV] ! LABOR MOVEM5T HAS ALLI$ ITSELF ) OR COME UND] ! CONTROL ( A POLITICAL P>TY :OSE GOAL IS ! CONQUE/ ( ,/ATE P[]1 ! /ATI/ PR9CIPLE HAS BE]4 9TRODUC$ 9TO ! UNIONS :I* HAVE AS A RESULT LO/ !IR FRE$OM4 ,A /RONG CASE C> BE MADE = ! PROPOSITION ?AT 05LI<T5$0POLITICAL ACTION BY LABOR UNIONS 9 SUPPORT ( GOV]NM5TAL WELF>ISM OR = ! ELECTION ( A GOV]NM5T ?AT WILL BE 0FRI5DLY0 TO LABOR1 CON/ITUTESS GREAT] DANG] TO UNIONISM ?AN DOES \T-&-\T RACKETE]+4 ,OP5 CORRUPTION CAN BE SE5 & F\<T1 BUT ! ILLUSION ?AT A ,/ATE--ANY ,/ATE-- CAN BE FRI5DLY TO LABOR IS H>D TO DISPEL4 ,GOV]NM5TAL WELF>ISM IS A DELAY$ ACTION BOMB ?AT WILL EXPLODE ) DISA/R\S EFFECTS = ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,?IS P]NICI\S OBSESSION L$ TO ! CA/RATION ( ! ,EUROPEAN LABOR MOVEM5T & S]VES ALWAYS TO PAVE ! WAY = TOTALIT>IANISM4 

,! ,AM]ICAN WORK]S >E ALREADY BEG9N+ TO PAY A HEAVY PRICE = ALL[+ ! UNION BUREAUCRATS TO LURE !N 9TO ! /ATI/ TRAP4 ,! BAIT WAS 0FAVORABLE0 LABOR LEGISLATION4 ,FIR/ CAME ! 0PRO-LABOR0 ,WAGN] ,LABOR ,RELATIONS ,ACT4 ,?IS WAS FOLL[$ BY ! 0ANTI-LABOR0 ,TAFT-,H>TLEY LAW & ! 0RI<T TO WORK LAWS40 ,N[ ! GOV]NM5T WILL 5ACT YET ANO!R MAZE ( LAWS1 ! F9AL RESULT ( :I* CAN ONLY BE TO /RAP ! LABOR MOVEM5T 9TO ! GOV]NM5TAL /RAIT-JACKET4 

,! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O & MANY REGIONAL & LOCAL LABOR BODIES HAVE ACCEPT$ & !N WELCOM$ ! GOV]NM5TAL 9VE/IGATIONS ( CORRUPT UNIONS & >E WILL+ TO ACCEPT 0REASONABLE0 LEGISLATION :I* WILL ( C\RSE BE 5=C$ BY ! POLICE P[]S ( ! ,/ATE4 ,TYRANNY IS CRAFTY2 IT ADVANCES GRADUALLY BUT REL5TLESSLY4 ,/EP BY /EP1 ! PROCESS ( GOV]NM5TAL CONTROLS PROCE$ UNTIL LABOR AS A :OLE IS BOGG$ D[N 9 LEGALI/IC QUICKS&4 

,! DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,/ATE CAN BE IMPOS$ JU/ AS READILY BY A 0LABOR P>TY0 OR BY 0WELF>ISM0 AS IT CAN BY A 0DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT40 

,! DIFF]5CES WILL 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS BE SUP]FICIAL4 ,MONOPOLY ( ,P[] HAS ITS [N LOGIC2 ITS [N 9EXORABLE RHY?M2 IT IS NOT CONC]N$ ) LABELS4 

,! REVOLUTION>Y DIRECT ACTION T5D5CY 9 ! ,AM]ICAN LABOR MOVEM5T HAS ALWAYS REJECT$ P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION 9 FAVOR ( ACTION ON ! ECONOMIC FRONT4 ,IT REJECT$ ! IDEA ( ,/ATE CONTROL ( 9DU/RY IS FAVOR ( ! CONCEPT ( WORK]S' CONTROL ( 9DU/RY & ORI5T$ T[>DS ! REPLACEM5T ( ! ,/ATE BY ! ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS ( ! WORK]S !MSELVES1 ,9 HIS BOOK1 0,! ,I,W,W--,A ,/UDY 9 ,AM]ICAN ,SYNDICALISM0 7,COLUMBIA ,UNIV41 #bND ,$IT41 #a#d#b71 PR(ESSOR ,PAUL ,BRISS5D5 DECL>ES3 

0,!RE IS NO D\BT ?AT ! IDEA ( ECONOMIC EMANCIPATION ?R\< ECONOMIC1 AS OPPOS$ TO POLITICAL *ANNELS1 & TO BE A*IEV$ BY ALL CLASSES ( WORK]S AS WORK]S1 I4E4 AS HUMAN COGS 9 ! 9DU/RIAL1 RA!R ?AN ! POLITICAL ,/ATE HAD BE5 V]Y DEF9ITELY =MULAT$ BE=E ! 5D ( ! LA/ C5TURY ,9DE$ ! CONCEPTION RUNS BACK WELL T[>DS ! BE-G9N+ ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,! 'ONE BIG UNION' ( :I* WE N[ HE> SO MU* WAS SURELY 9 EXI/5CE 9 ,5GL& 9 ! E>LY ?IRTIES4 ,ROB]T ,[5 AT ?AT TIME \TL9$ HIS GREAT PLAN = A ',G5]AL ,UNION ( ! PRODUCTIVE CLASSES4 ,SIDNEY & ,BEATRICE ,WEBB REPORT ! E/ABLI%M5T 9 #ahcd ( A ',GR& ,NATIONAL ,CONSOLIDAT$ ,TRADES ,UNION4' 

,UND] ! SY/EM PROPOS$ BY ,[5 7!Y SAY7444 ! TRADE UNIONS W]E TO BE TRANS=M$ 9TO ',NATIONAL ,COMPANIES' TO C>RY ON ALL ! MANUFACTURES4 ,! AGRICULTURAL UNION TO TAKE POSSESSION ( ! L&1 ! M9]S' UNION ( ! M9ES1 ! TEXTILE UNION ( ! FACTORIES4 ,EA* TRADE WAS TO BE C>RI$ ON BY ITS P>TICUL> TRADE UNION1 C5TRALIZ$ 9 ONE ',GR& ,LODGE4'0 7PAGE #b#i7 

0,!RE IS NO D\BT ?AT ALL ! MA9 IDEAS ( MOD]N REVOLUTION>Y UNIONISM AS EXHIBIT$ BY ! ,I,W,W MAY BE F\ND 9 ! OLD ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION4 ,! ,I,W,W ORGAN1 ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]1 ASS]TS ?AT WE 'MU/ TRACE ! ORIG9 ( ! IDEAS ( MOD]N REVOLUTION>Y UNIONISM TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL' 8ISSUE ( ,JUNE #a#h1 #a#i#a744,MANY ITEMS 9 ! PROGRAM ORIG9ALLY DRAFT$ BY ! FAM\S AN>*I/1 ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN91 = ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 #ahfh W]E V]Y SIMIL> TO ! TW5TIE? C5TURY SLOGANS ( ! ,I,W,W40 7PAGES #c#f-#c#g7 

,IT IS NOT TO BE 9F]R$ ?AT ! IDEAS ( ! ,I,W,W OR ( ! REVOLUTION>Y LABOR MOVEM5T 9 G5]AL1 W]E IMPORT$ FROM ,EUROPE & GRAFT$ ONTO ! ,AM]ICAN LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,! SAME PR9CIPLES & TACTICS GREW \T ( ! EXP]I5CES ( ,AM]ICAN WORK]S ON ,AM]ICAN SOIL2 !Y W]E ACCEPT$ BECAUSE !Y CORRESPOND$ TO ,AM]ICAN CONDITIONS4 ,BRISS5DON EMPHASIZ$ ?IS :5 HE4 PO9T$ \T ?AT3 

0,9 ,AM]ICA ! LABOR HI/ORY ( ! SEV5TIES1 & ESPECIALLY ! EI<TIES1 TEEMS ) EVID5CES ( ! 9DU/RIAL =M & RADICAL TEMP] 9 LABOR ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! ELEM5TS ( ,I,W,WISM W]E !RE2 BUT !Y W]E NOT (T5 CO-EXI/5T1 9 ! SAME ORGANIZATION4 07PAGE #b#g7 

,! CON/ITUTIONS ( SCORES ( UNIONS & ( ! ,A,F,L ITSELF1 REFLECT$ !SE RADICAL1 F$]ALI/ & REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CIES ( ! E>LY LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,MANY ( !M /ILL PAID LIP S]VICE TO !SE ORIG9AL PR9CIPLES ,! FACT ?AT !Y HAVE FELT =C$ TO DO SO REVEALS ! SPIRIT ( ! TIMES4 ,EV5 ! FRAM]S ( ! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O ,CODE ( ,E?ICS HAVE F\ND IT NECESS>Y TO SAY SOME?+ ALONG !SE L9ES4 

,LIKE ALL GREAT POPUL> MOVEM5TS ! UNIONS C\LD BE BUILT 9 ONLY ONE WAY--FROM BEL[-- BY ! ORGANIZATION ( ! M5 ON ! JOB4 ,H5CE ! LABOR MOVEM5T NATURALLY TOOK AT ITS 9CEPTION A DEC5TRALIZ$ F$]AT$ =M1 ) ! AUTONOM\S ORGANIZATIONS ( ! WORK]S 9 V>I\S %OPS1 LOCALITIES1 TRADES & 9DU/RIES1 BOND$ TOGE!R 9 SOLID>ITY = MUTUAL SUPPORT4 ,)9 ! LOCAL GR\PS !RE WAS DIRECT FACE-TO-FACE P]SONAL CONTACT AMONG ! MEMB]S4 ,ALL DECISIONS W]E >RIV$ AT OP5LY & BY COMMON AGREEM5T4 ,MO/ ( ! ORGANIZATIONAL WORK WAS VOLUNT>Y & ! FEW PAID (FICIALS RECEIV$ NO MORE ?AN ! AV]AGE WAGE ( ! MEMB]S4 ,!IR T]MS((FICE W]E LIMIT$ & !Y W]E REQUIR$ TO GO BACK TO WORK 9 PRODUCTION = A DEF9ITE P]IOD BE=E !Y W]E ALL[$ TO RUN = (FICE AGA94 

,:E!R !Y W]E ON ! PAY-ROLL ( ! UNION OR NOT1 ALL (FICIALS & DELEGATES HAD TO C>RY \T ! 9/RUCTIONS ( ! MEMB]%IP1 BY :OM !Y C\LD BE RECALL$4 ,DECISIONS AFFECT+ L>GE GR\PS ( WORK]S W]E DECID$ BY REF]5DUM ( ALL ! MEMB]S4 ,ALL NEGOTIATIONS ) ! BOSSES1 ! CALL+ & SETTLEM5T ( /RIKES1 W]E MATT]S TO BE DECID$ BY ! M5 ON ! JOB4 ,! T]MS ( ! AGREEM5TS W]E 5=C$ BY ! M5 !MSELVES & GRIEVANCES W]E SETTL$ BY MEANS ( SIT-D[NS1 SL[-D[NS1 BOYCOTTS1 WALK-\TS1 OR :ATEV] O!R MEANS ! WORK]S DEEM$ ADVISABLE4 ,!SE & MANY O!R SAFEGU>DS AGA9/ ! USURPATION ( P[] W]E DEVELOP$ BY ! WORK]S 9 ! C\RSE ( !IR /RUGGLES4 

,! GR[? ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T CORRESPOND$ TO ! GR[+ NE$S ( ! WORK]S = SOLID>ITY AGA9/ ! BOSSES & ! BOSS-CONTROLL$ ,/ATE * OPPOS$ !M AT EV]Y TURN4 ,AS LOCAL UNIONS MULTIPLI$1 !Y F$]ATE ) EA* O!R TO =M L>G] BODIES4 ,! FIR/ ,CITY ,C5TRAL ,C\NCIL WAS SET UP 9 ,PHILADELPHIA 9 #a#h#b#g4 ,! ,ME*ANICS ,UNION ( ,TRADES ,ASSOCIATIONS WAS =M$ TO A*IEVE GREAT] SOLID>ITY4 ,:5 ! C>P5T]S LO/ /RIKE = ! #a H\R DAY1 IT WAS REALIZ$ ?AT ALL TRADES MU/ COOP]ATE IF /RIKES W]E TO BE EFFECTIVE & ! WORK]S' DEM&S A*IEV$4 ,9T]-CITY1 /ATE & NATIONAL F$]ATIONS W]E =M$ TO FILL ! NE$ ( GREAT] COORD9ATION 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S4 

,! LABOR MOVEM5T GREW 9TO A VA/ NETWORK ( LOCAL BODIES ROOT$ 9 ! LOCAL COMMUNITIES ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY1 & EX]CIS+ A GR[+ 9FLU5CE 9 EV]Y COMMUNITY4 ,& ?IS E>LY MOVEM5T DID NOT CONF9E ITSELF TO IMM$IATE ECONOMIC ISSUES & DEM&S4 ,MAN IS A SOCIAL BE+4 ,COOP]ATION & SOLID>ITY >E NECESS>Y TO HIS SURVIVAL & DEVELOPM5T4 ,! MUTUAL-AID FUNCTIONS ( ! UNIONS EXP&$ & KEPT ABREA/ ( ! GR[+ NE$S ( ! UNION MEMB]S4 ,NEI!R ! GOV]NM5T NOR ! EMPLOY]S W]E CONC]N$ ) ! WANTS & FEEL+S ( HUMAN BE+S :I* !Y CONSID]$ AS COMMODITIES4 ,SO ! WORK]S HELP$ !MSELVES BY HELP+ EA* O!R !Y CREAT$ A NETWORK ( COOP]ATIVE 9/ITUTIONS ( ALL K9DS @9- S*OOLS4 

,SUMM] CAMPS = *ILDR5 & ADULTS1 HOMES = ! AG$1 HEAL? & CULTURA,I C5T]S1 CR$IT ASSOCIATIONS1 9SURANCE PLANS1 TE*NICAL $UCATION & H\S+--ALL !SE & MANY O!R S]VICES W]E PROVID$ BY ! PEOPLE !MSELVES LONG BE=E ! LABOR MOVEM5T WAS CORRUPT$ BY BUS9ESS UNIONISM2 LONG BE=E ! GOV]NM5T /EPP$ 92 BE=E ! BASIC REALITIES ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE W]E AB&ON$4 

,AS ?IS REVOLUTION>Y & LIB]T>IAN SPIRIT EVAPORAT$1 AS ! UNIONS BECAME 0RESPECTABLE10 MANY ( !M BECAME ELECTIONE]+ AG5CIES = POLITICAL P>TIES--RI<T1 LEFT & C5T]4 ,O!RS BECAME 9CREAS+LY C5TRALIZ$ & ) ! CRY/ALLIZATION ( A BUREAUCRATIC CRU/1 ! CANC] ( BUS9ESS UNIONISM TOOK OV]4 ,!N1 AS A REACTION TO ?IS1 ! REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CY AGA9 MADE ITSELF FELT4 ,! WORK]S W]E COMPELL$ TO E/ABLI% NEW ORGANIZATIONS ?AT W\LD FULFILL !IR NE$S4 ,IT WAS1 = EXAMPLE1 ! FAILURE ( ! ,A,F,L TO ORGANIZE ! UNSKILL$ WORK]S1 ITS CAPITULATION TO ! EMPLOY+ CLASS & ITS 9SI/5CE ON CREAT+ AN >I/OCRACY ( SKILL$ WORK]S1 ?US BR++ 9TO ! RANKS ( LABOR AN >TIFICIAL DIVISION1 ?AT L$ TO ! =MATION ( ! ,I,W,W4 

,! 9FLU5CE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y UNIONS ( ! PA/ WAS NOT LIMIT$ TO !IR [N MEMB]%IP4 ,!Y ALSO F\<T BUREAUCRACY1 RACKETE]+ & CLASS COLLABORATION )9 ! OPPORTUNI/2 CONS]VATIVE UNIONS1 :OSE LEAD]S W]E CON/ANTLY BE+ EXPOS$ & =C$ TO MAKE CONCESSIONS TO ! OPPOSITION ,OV] !IR HEADS !RE HUNG ! EV]-PRES5T ?REAT ( 0DUAL UNIONISM40 

,!RE >E MANY 9DICATIONS ?AT ! P]IOD ( COMPLAC5CY & APA?Y 9 PRES5T LABOR MOVEM5T IS DRAW+ TO A CLOSE4 ,! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O HAS BE5 OBLIG$ TO TAKE DISCIPL9>Y ACTION AGA9/ SOME ( ! MORE FLAGRANT VIOLATIONS ( E?ICAL CONDUCT1 NOT ONLY BECAUSE ( ! ,S5ATE 9VE/IGATIONS OR BECAUSE ( ! P>TISAN DESIRES ( A P>T ( ! LEAD]%IP TO ELIM9ATE COMPETITIVE CLIQUES1)9 :O SEEK TO SUPPLANT !M4 ,WE >E WITNESS+ MORE ?AN A SIMPLE P[] /RUGGLE4 ,HUNDR$S ( UNION LOCALS HAVE PROTE/$4 ,T5S ( ?\S&S ( LETT]S PROTE/+ AGA9/ ! HI<H&$ CONDUCT ( (FICIALS HAVE BE5 RECEIV$ AT ! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O HEADQU>T]S4 ,IT IS EVID5T ?AT ! OLD-L9E CLASS COLLABORATIONI/ LEAD]S WILL NOT & CANNOT DO ANY?+ FUNDAM5TAL TO REM$Y ! SITUATION & ! WORK]S >E F9D+ ?IS \T = !MSELVES4 

,IT IS 5C\RAG+ TO NOTE ! 9CREAS+ F]M5T 9 ! RANKS4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 NUM]\S 0\TLAW0 /RIKES 9 OP5 DEFIANCE ( ! LEAD]%IP4 0!RE HAS BE5 UNRE/ 9 ! ,U,A,W1 :]E ! SKILL$ TRADES DEM&$ & =C$ ! LEAD]S TO GRANT !M A MEASURE ( AUTONOMY 9 ! =MULATION ( DEM&S & CALL+ ( /RIKES4 ,9 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY TRANSIT SY/EM1 ! MOTORM5 & O!R GR\PS ( WORK]S HAVE BE5 9 FULL REVOLT AGA9/ ! AUTOCRATIC CLIQUE ?AT RULES ! ,TRANSPORT ,WORK]S' ,UNION--ALL !SE & MANY O!R SIGNS PO9T TO A REVIVAL ( ! DIRECT ACTION & LIB]T>IAN T5D5CIES 9 ,AM]ICAN ,LABOR4 

,V,I4 ,! ,F,U,T,U,R,E ,& ,I,T,S ,T,A,S,K,S 

,! ,A,F,L-,C,I,O CANNOT BE RE=M$ FROM ABOVE4 ,IT MU/ BE REVOLUTIONIZ$ FROM BEL[4 ,IF1 AS APPE>S LIKELY1 A MASS OPPOSITION MOVEM5T DEVELOPS1 IT CAN REALLY SUCCE$ ONLY TO ! EXT5T ?AT IT REMA9S TRUE TO ! REVOLUTION>Y PR9CIPLES & IDEALS :I* 9SPIR$ ! E>LY LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,IF IT FAILS TO UND]/& & PR(IT FROM ! LESSONS ( ! PA/ OR IF IT ALL[S ITSELF TO BE GUID$ BY ?OSE SO-CALL$ LIB]ALS-& SOCIALI/S :OSE EF=TS >E L>GELY DIRECT$ AT MAK+ ! UNIONS ! 0LABOR FRONT0 ( ! ,WELF>E ,/ATE1 IT WILL FAIL4 ,)9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T !RE >E ! MAT]IALS = 0BUILD+ ! NEW SOCIETY )9 ! %ELL ( ! OLD40 ,! WORK]S CAN BREAK \T ( ?AT %ELL :5 !Y BECOME CONSCI\S ( !IR P[]1 BUT H]E1 AS ELSE:]E E?ICS & IDEAS WILL BE DECISIVE IF A NEW CYCLE ( DEG5]ATION IS TO BE AVOID$4 

,! HI/ORY ( ! ,AM]ICAN LABOR MOVEM5T HAS BE5 L>GELY A HI/ORY ( RANK & FILE REVOLTS AGA9/ OPPORTUNI/ CLASS-COLLABORATIONI/ POLICIES & ! C5TRALIZATION ( P[]4 ,)\T AN AL]T MEMB]%IP & AN ACTIVE OPPOSITION1 UNIONS ?AT W]E ORIG9ALLY RADICAL & DEMOCRATIC LO/ !IR DYNAMISM & BECAME OB/ACLES TO PROGRESS4 ,:5 ?AT HAPP5S A NEW H\SECLEAN+ MU/ TAKE PLACE4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CY MU/ RE/ORE ! BALANCE TO MAKE POSSIBLE FUR!R PROGRESS4 ,:5EV] & :]EV] ?IS HAS BE5 ATTEMPT$1 ! PROGRESSIVE =CES HAVE ALWAYS BE5 SL&]$ & MALIGN$ AS 0IRRESPONSIBLE SPLITT]S10 0SUBV]SIVES10 ETC41 BUT ?IS MU/ NEV] BE ALL[$ TO H9D] !IR /RUGGLE4 ,AN AL]T & >TICULATE OPPOSITION IS ! CONSCI5CE & LIFEBLOOD ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 

,SU* A MOVEM5T CANNOT T BE >TIFICIALLY CREAT$4 ,IT WILL DEVELOP \T ( ! BITT]NESS & DISCONT5T ) UNION CORRUPTION & BUREAUCRACY2 ! IMPACT ( AUTOMATION & ! SACRIFICES ?AT A P]MAN5T W> ECONOMY DEM& WILL R\SE ! WORK]S FROM !IR LE?>GY & MAKE !M MORE RECEPTIVE TO MILITANT IDEAS & TACTICS4 

,! TASK ( ! REVOLUTION>Y M9ORITY IS TO APPLY LIB]T>IAN PR9CIPLES TO ! REALITIES ( ! MOD]N LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,! ROLE ( ! UNIONS 9 *ANGE & 9 ! NEW SOCIETY :I* !Y1 TOGE!R ) O!R ORGANIZATIONS ( ! PEOPLE WILL SOME DAY BUILD1 MU/ BE S]I\SLY /UDI$ CLASS-CONSCI\S WORK]S1 ,/RATEGY & TACTICS DEP5D ON A CLE> UND]/&+ ( ULTIMATE OBJECTIVES4 ,NO FIRM !ORETICAL BASIS CAN BE LAID )\T CORRECTLY EVALUAT+ ! NATURE ( ! ,/ATE1 ! P>T PLAY$ BY IDEAS & IDEALS 9 %AP+ HI/ORY1 & ! DYNAMIC & CREATIVE DRIVES EH >E RESPONSIBLE = ALL ?AT IS BE/1 9 HUMAN LIFE4 

,! IMM$IATE PRACTICAL PROBLEM FAC+ ! WORK]S IS TO RECAPTURE !IR [N UNIONS4 ,?IS CAN ONLY BE DONE BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES FROM BEL[4 ,EV]Y MOVEM5T ( ! RANK & FILE ?AT LEADS 9 ?IS DIRECTION MU/ BE 5C\RAG$4 ,REVOLUTION>Y E?ICAL CONCEPTS ROOT$ 9 ! NATURAL HUMAN S5TIM5TS ( SOLID>ITY MU/ BE 5C\RAG$ AS AN ANTIDOTE TO ! N>COTIC ( CLASS-COLLABORATION :I* HAS = SO LONG P>ALYZ$ ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 

,/EPS MU/ BE TAK5 = ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE DE-C5TRALIZATION ( ! ADM9I/RATIVE APP>ATUS ( ! UNIONS4 '!RE MU/ BE AN 5D TO 9DU/RY-WIDE B>GA9+ BY ! TOP LEAD]%IP1 TO ! *ECK-(F ( UNION DUES BY EMPLOY]S & TO LONG-T]M CONTRACTS1 NO-/RIKE PL$GES1 ETC- ,GOV]NM5T SUP]VISION OR 9T]V5TION 9 UNION AFFAIRS1 ! SP5D+ ( UNION FUNDS = POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & SUPPORT BY LABOR UNIONS ( ! =EIGN POLICIES ( ! ,/ATE1 MU/ BE F\<T & ELIM9AT$4 

,UNION WELF>E FUNDS CON/ITUTE ONE ( ! MA9/AYS ( PRES5T-DAY BUS9ESS UNIONISM4 ,BY ?IS MEANS ! LABOR AUTOCRACY EXT5DS ITS CONTROL OV] ! WORK]S1 NOT ONLY ON ! JOB & 9 ! UNION BUT ALSO OV] ! PRIVATE LIFE ( ! WORK] & 9 MANY CASES ( HIS FAMILY AS WELL4 ,! UNION MEMB] COMES TO EXPECT HIS UNION'S WELF>E DEP>TM5T TO FURNI% M$ICAL ATT5TION1 OLD-AGE P5SIONS1 ACCID5T & LIFE 9SURANCE & NUM]\S O!R NECESSITIES & CONV5I5CES4 ,! WELF>E DEP>TM5T 9 BUS9ESS UNIONS IS CONTROLL$ BY ! LABOR BOSSES1 :I* TIES ! WORK] TO HIS JOB & TO ! UNION BUREAUCRAT & DEVELOPS A S]VILE ATTITUDE ON ! P>T ( MANY WORK]S4 

,?US ! QUE/ION ( RECAPTUR+ CONTROL ( ! UNIONS BY !IR MEMB]%IP IS 9SEP>ABLE FROM DEM&+ ! 9DEP5D5T CONTROL BY ! WORK]S !IR [N WELF>E4 ,! EMPHASIS ON WELF>ISM )9 ! UNION SAPS ! REVOLUTION>Y VITALITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,MUTUAL AID & WELF>E >RANGEM5TS >E IMPORTANT1 BUT IT IS ADVISABLE ?AT SU* MATT]S BE H&L$ SEP>ATELY & AP>T FROM ! UNION AS SU*4 ,! DEC5TRALIZATION ( P[] & CONTROL ( ! UNION BY ! WORK]S IS IMPOSSIBLE UNLESS ?IS ISSUE IS FAC$ SQU>ELY4 

,SAL>IES PAID TO UNION (FICIALS MU/ BE BR\<T D[N TO ! SAME LEVEL AS ?OSE PAID TO ! WORK]S :OM !Y REPRES5T1 ,NO PAID UNION (FICIAL %\LD REMA9 9 HIS PO/ = LONG] ?AN TWO YE>S BE=E RETURN+ TO HIS WORK 9 PRODUCTION4 ,HE MU/ ALWAYS BE SUBJECT TO IMM$IATE RECALL4 ,! WORK]S %\LD DELEGATE NO REAL P[] TO ANY ( !IR LEAD]S--NO MATT] :O !SE LEAD]S MAY BE2 NO MATT] H[ HONE/ & SELFLESS !SE LEAD]S MAY BE OR MAY APPE> TO BE4 

,! RI<T TO /RIKE & ! CORRECTION ( GRIEVANCES BY ! DIRECT ECONOMIC ACTION ( ! WORK]S MU/ BE REASS]T$ & RE-WON4 ,ACTIONS ( SOLID>ITY & PROTE/ ?R\< /RIKES & BOYCOTTS MU/ BE 5C\RAG$4 

,! NEW PROBLEMS CREAT$ BY AUTOMATION MU/ BE ANSW]$ BY A CONSI/5T FI<T = %ORT] WORK+ H\RS1 RA!R ?AN RELY+ ON ! EXPANSION ( W> 9DU/RIES & O!R /UPIDLY WA/EFUL & SOCIALLY UNNECESS>Y PRODUCTION4 

,ALONG !SE G5]AL L9ES A NEW REVOLUTION>Y LABOR MOVEM5T CAN BE =G$4 HE BUILD+ ( SU* A MOVEM5T IS ! GREAT TASK TO :I* ! ADVANC$ WORK]S MU/ D$ICATE !MSELVES4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aieg 3 ,E?ICS & ,AM]ICAN ,UNIONISM -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bba 3 ,E?ICS & ,AM]ICAN ,UNIONISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,E?ICS & ,AM]ICAN ,UNIONISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/