,FAC]IAS 
,9TRODUCTION TO BIOGRAPHY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALFR$O ,M>IA ,BONANNO 

,TEXT 3 

,FAC]IAS WAS ONE ( ?OSE M5 ?AT IT ALMO/ COMES NATURALLY TO WRITE A BIOGRAPHY AB\T4 ,ALL ! ESS5TIAL ELEM5TS ( ! LEG5D>Y AN>*I/ >E TO BE F\ND 9 HIS ACTIONS1 HIS LIFE AS A :OLE & HIS DEA?3 ! V9DICATOR :O RISES UP 9 /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! CLASS 5EMY & REFUSES TO ACCEPT ANY COMPROMISE4 ,& ?IS IS C]TA9LY ONE WAY TO READ ! VOLUME WE >E PRES5T+ H]E1 ! FIR/ &1 IF Y\ LIKE1 ! LEA/ USEFUL ONE4 

,MANY AN>*I/S HAVE /RUGGL$ & >E /ILL /RUGGL+ TODAY ) ! SAME IRR$UCIBLE SPIRIT ( C\NT]-POSITION ?AT *>ACT]IZ$ ! LIFE ( ,FAC]IAS OR ,SABATE OR ! ?\S& O!R GU]RILLA FI<T]S :O FELL :ILE CONT9U+ ! >M$ /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,FRANCOISM EV5 AFT] ! FALL ( ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,& = MANY ( !M O!R BOOKS C\LD HAVE BE5 WRITT51 D$ICAT$ NOT SO MU* TO A ME?OD OR REVOLUTION>Y POSITION AS TO ! WILL ( ! 9DIVIDUAL :O 9SURGES :5 EV]YONE ELSE KEEPS QUIET FE>FULLY AWAIT+ SIGNS ( BETT] DAYS TO COME4 

,YET ?IS FIR/ ASPECT ( ! QUE/ION DOES NOT SEEM 5\< TO ME4 ,OR RA!R1 TO TELL ! TRU?1 IT NO LONG] SEEMS TO ME TO BE 5\<4 ,!RE WAS A TIME1 TW5TY YE>S AGO1 :5 :AT WE C\LD CALL ! PRIM>Y1 ESS5TIAL ANALYSIS I4E4 ! ANALYSIS AIM$ AT UND]L9+ ! GREAT C\RAGE ( ! ACTIONS & PROPOS+ !M AS EXAMPLES TO BE FOLL[$ SEEM$ TO ME TO BE SUFFICI5T4 ,I AM N[ CONV9C$ ?AT ?IS PRELIM9>Y ASPECT IS NO LONG] 5\<4 ,ONE W\LD RUN ! ( RISK ( FALL+ 9TO ADULATION4 

,WE NE$ TO SAY MORE TODAY4 ,NOT SO MU* AB\T ! RESPONSIBILITY ( ?OSE :O 9DIRECTLY FAVOR$ REPRESSION BY PUTT+ OB/ACLES 9 ! WAY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK ( COMRADES SU* AS ,FAC]IAS 9 FAVOR ( POLITICAL P]SPECTIVES :I* DEF5D$ ! L9E ( P>TIES OR ! REMA9D]S ( ! CONV5TICLES ( RESI/ANCE2 SO MU* AS CONC]N+ ! V]Y CONCEPT ( ANTIFASCISM & ITS RET>D+ EFFECT ON ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE1 & :I* WAS OP5 TO 9T]PRETATION 9 A WAY ?AT MADE IT DIFFICULT TO USE CLE>LY 9 AN AN>*I/ P]SPECTIVE ( ! DE/RUCTION ( P[]4 

,! ,SPANI% CIVIL W> & ! 9H]ITANCE ?AT ITS TRAG$Y LEFT ! ,EUROPEAN & WORLD POLITICAL LEFT1 C]TA9LY DID NOT CREATE ! IDEAL ATMOSPH]E = CL>IFY+ SU* PROBLEMS4 ,ANTIFASCISM SEEM$1 & CONT9U$ TO SEEM = DECADES TO COME1 ! COMMON GR\ND UPON :I* TO BASE REVOLUTION>Y COLLABORATION4 ,! AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS :I* SUPPORT$ ! ACTIVITY ( ,FAC]IAS OR ,SABATE ABROAD -- BECAUSE ! PROBLEMS W]E ! SAME = !SE TWO COMRADES AS = MANY O!RS -- ALSO1 & ,I W\LD SAY ESS5TIALLY1 HAD AN ANTIFASCI/ P]SPECTIVE1 ONE ?AT WAS TO GIVE LIFE TO A C\NT]-POSITION CAPABLE ( PROGRAMM+ ! RETURN ( ! ,REPUBLIC TO ,SPA94 ,SO !Y C\LD SUPPORT ! ACTIONS ( COMRADES :O W5T 9TO ,SPA9 TO FOM5T REVOLT1 BUT !Y C\LD NOT 9 ANY WAY SUPPORT ! ACTIONS ( !SE COMRADES :5 !Y TOOK PLACE 9 SITUATIONS SU* AS ?OSE 9 ,FRANCE OR ,ITAY1 :]E BY DEF9ITION FASCISM WAS NOT 9 P[]4 

,TWO K9DS ( PROBLEM D]IV$ FROM ?IS /RANGE CONCEPT ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE AS 9T5D$ BY ! 9/ITUTIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ( ,SPANI% AN>*ISM ABROAD & ! CONSID]ABLE NUMB] ( NON ,SPANI% ORGANIZATIONS ) POSITIONS SIMIL> TO ?OSE ( AN>*O-SYNDICALISM1 BO? FRAU<T ) 9COMPREH5SION & EQUIVOCATION4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE ! CALL = A G5]IC COLLABORATION 9 ! NAME ( ANTI-FASCISM1 REG>DLESS ( ANY PROP] ANALYSIS ( ! POSITIONS PROPOS+ 9T]V5TION 9 ! /RUGGLE4 ,9 FACT1 ! POSITIONS ( ,FAC]IAS & ,SABATE W]E NEV] OBJECT ( S]I\S EXAM9ATION1 NO DISCUSSION OR DEBATE EV] TOOK PLACE4 ,& ,FAC]IAS HIMSELF NEV] W5T BEYOND A G5]IC DESIRE TO SEE ALL ! GR\PS ?AT DID NOT %>E ! POSITIONS ( ! ,SPANI% ,F,A,I OR ! ,C,N,T ORGANIZ$ F$]ATIVELY 4 ,SECONDLY1 ! SAME G5]IC & UNCLE> AGREEM5T JU/IFI$ ISOLATION & BOYCOTT+ :5 !IR 9ITIATIVES ?REAT5$ TO EXT5D BEYOND ,SPANI% FASCISM LABEL$ AS FRANCOISM1 & /RIKE ANY ,/ATE /RUCTURE1 9 ?AT ANY ,/ATE IS AN 5EMY = ! EXPLOIT$1 FASCI/ OR NOT AS ITS CON/ITUTION MI<T BE4 

,& IF ! /RUGGLE W]E TO CONT9UE1 ?IS C\LD C\NT ON ! AUTONOM\S DECISIONS ( ! FEW COMRADES :O WANT$ TO C>RY ON & :O F\ND !MSELVES OBLIG$ TO FACE & RESOLVE ALL ! PROBLEMS ?AT >OSE )\T ANY EXT]NAL SUPPORT1 :5 !Y DID NOT F9D !MSELVES FAC$ ) AN ACTUAL WEB ( SL&] & OB/ACLES PUT 9 !IR WAY4 

,9 SU* CASES !RE >E TWO K9DS ( PROBLEM TO BE FAC$4 ,:OEV] F9DS !MSELVES FI<T+ ALMO/ ALONE HAS TO FACE ! PROBLEM ( SELF-F9ANC+ !IR /RUGGLE4 ,& ?IS CAN ONLY BE FAC$ BY GO+ & TAK+ MONEY FROM :]E IT IS TO BE F\ND1 USUALLY 9 BANKS OR 9 JEWEL]S' %OPS4 ,9 ORD] TO RESOLVE ?IS LET US SAY 9/RUM5TAL ASPECT ONE MU/ GIVE ONESELF A TE*NICAL APP>ATUS :I* IS ! SAME AS ?AT USUALLY US$ 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ OBJECTIVES ( A MORE DECL>$LY & EASILY ID5TIFIABLE POLITICAL QUALIFICATION4 ,& !RE >E NOT A FEW CASES :]E ! TWO PROBLEMS BECAME 9T]M+L$ LIKE A SNAKE USELESSLY TRY+ TO BITE ITS [N TAIL4 ,SELF-F9ANC+ WAS AIM$ AT SUPPLY+ ONESELF ) MEANS = ! /RUGGLE4 ,BUT AT TIMES ?IS BECAME SO COMPLICAT$ AS TO RUN ! RISK ( BECOM+ ! AIM ( ! /RUGGLE & NO LONG] JU/ ONE ( ! MEANS4 ,IF TO ?IS WE ADD ! FACT ?AT1 ISOLAT$ FROM A REAL MASS MOVEM5T ONE WAS OBLIG$ TO ?9K ( EV]Y?+1 UP TO ! SMALLE/ MOVE1 SAFE H\SES1 PROCUR+ >MS1 ETC1 ONE CAN GET AN IDEA ( ! GIGANTIC EF=TS MADE BY !SE M5 EA* DAY )\T ! LEA/ HOPE ( GETT+ NOT ONLY HELP BUT EV5 UND]/&+ BY SO MANY 9DOCTR9AT$ KN[-ALLS1 DEVOT$ TO NITPICK+ D\BTS FROM ! COM=T ( !IR >M*AIRS4 

,= ,FAC]IAS TO ROB BANKS 9 ,SPA9 WAS ONE ?+1 BUT = HIM TO HAVE ! N]VE TO DO ! SAME ?+ 9 ,ITALY TO ! DAMAGE ( ! ,VATICAN ,BANK1 = EXAMPLE1 WAS DIFF]5T4 ,( C\RSE1 ONE C\LD ALWAYS GLOSS OV] IT ) ! ?\<T ?AT HIS ULTIMATE AIM WAS ALWAYS ANTI-FASCISM1 BUT ,I DON'T BELIEVE ?AT MANY SAW ?IS ACTIVITY FAVORABLY 9 ,ITALY AP>T FROM A FEW COMRADES :O HAVE NEV] %UT !IR EYES TO ! REAL PROBLEMS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y CLA%4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 IT DOES NOT APPE> !RE W]E MANY :O SAW NO DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ,SPANI% BANKS & ,ITALIAN ONES1 CONCLUD+ ?AT ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,SPANI% FASCISM WAS TO BEG9 & C>RY ON ) ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ALL ,/ATES & ALL NATIONAL CAPITAL1 9 ! NAME ( FRE$OM1 NOT 9 ! NAME ( ! SUB/ITUTION ( A FASCI/ REGIME ) A DEMOCRATIC ONE4 

,! ,SPANI% EQUIVOCATION DEMON/RATES ) GREAT CL>ITY TODAY SO MANY YE>S LAT]1 H[ IT WAS POSSIBLE AT ?AT TIME TO F9D COMRADES PREP>$ TO 9VOLVE !MSELVES 9 >M$ /RUGGLE1 BUT ANY?+ BUT PREP>$ TO AGREE ?AT ?IS /RUGGLE SPREAD 9 A TRULY AN>*I/ S5SE1 I4E4 BEYOND ! IMM$IATE OBJECTIVE ( FIR/ ,SPANI% FASCISM1 !N ! ,GREEK =M1 & SO ON4 ,9 REC5T TIMES MANY ( ?OSE SO-CALL$ COMRADES 9 /RUGGLE LO/ NO TIME 9 DECL>+ !IR UNAVAILABILITY TO SUPPORT ANY CONCEPT ( /RUGGLE :I* DID NOT LIMIT ITSELF TO BE+ AGA9/ ?IS OR ?AT FASCISM BUT TRI$ TO ANALYZE & !RE=E /RIKE ! V]Y EXPRESSION ( P[] AS IT WAS *ANG+ & MANIFE/+ ITSELF HI/ORICALLY ?R\<\T ! YE>S4 ,9 ?IS CASE1 !RE NO LONG] BE+ ! ALIBI ( FASCISM :I* ALWAYS S\ND$ LIKE A MORAL ALIBI1 MANY LET !MSELVES BE OV]COME BY D\BT & (T5 5D$ UP ASK+ !MSELVES IF !RE WAS REALLY A TIME TO ATTACK & IF !RE WAS NOT ANO!R WAY TO C>RY \T ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE AGA9/ P[]1 A /RUGGLE IF :I* IF NOT EXACTLY RE=MI/ WAS AT LEA/ CAPABLE ( TAK+ ACC\NT ( ! REPRESSIVE DEGREES :I* A DEMOCRACY IS BASICALLY ALWAYS CAPABLE ( PROPOS+ TO ITS OPPOS]S4 

,& MANY ( !SE D\BT]S BECAME & /ILL >E1 ! FLAG-WAV]S ( ! /RUGGLE ( ,FAC]IAS1 ,SABATE & MANY O!RS PRECISELY BECAUSE !Y WANT TO WRAP !IR /RUGGLE UP 9 A NICE BOOK & RELEGATE IT TO ! LONG LI/ ( ?OSE :O KNEW H[ TO SACRIFICE !MSELVES 9 ! W> AGA9/ FASCISM1 A LO/ W> BUT ONE :I* C\LD ALSO HAVE BE5 WON4 

,\R READ+ ( ?IS BOOK D$ICAT$ TO ,FAC]IAS1 JU/ LIKE ! PREC$+ ONE :I* ,TELLEZ D$ICAT$ TO ,SABATE1 IS DIFF]5T4 ,!SE COMRADES W]E AN>*I/S & REVOLUTION>IES1 NOT JU/ G5]IC ANTIFASCI/S4 ,= !M ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ FRANCOISM WAS JU/ A />T+ PO9T1 & ! DEFEAT ( FASCISM W\LD HAVE BE5 ANY?+ BUT A CONCLUSION ( ?AT /RUGGLE4 ,!Y W\LD NEV] /AT$ ?AT ) DEMOCRACY 9 P[] !RE WAS NO REASON TO CONT9UE ! /RUGGLE1 !Y W\LD SIMPLY HAVE S+L$ \T ! NEW 5EMIES & CONT9U$ TO /RIKE !M4 

,& :Y BE SURPRIS$8 ,:AT O!R ROLE C\LD AN>*I/S HAVE8 

,ALFR$O ,M4 ,BONANNO 

,CATANIA #f ,APRIL1 #aiid 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,DECEMB] #a1 #bb 3 ,FAC]IAS -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,FAC]IAS -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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