,FI OPPOSITE ( LIB]ATION & SELF-DET]M9ATION3 AN UTT]LY APOLITICAL1 CONSUM]I/ MA*O H>DCORE %[4 ,A =M] B&MATE ( M9E WAS ON T\R ) A POPUL> B& 9 ! G5RE1 & ,I W5T TO SEE !M AT ! ROCK CLUB :]E !Y W]E OP5+ = ANO!R B& ?AT HAD A MUSIC VIDEO ON ,M,T,V4 ,!RE W]E F\R FILI] ?AT DAY1 ,I HAD LE>N$ ?AT ! ,NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,MOVEM5T & ! ,KU ,KLUX ,KLAN W]E TO HOLD A 0:ITE UNITY0 RALLY AT ! /ATE CAPITAL 9 A C\PLE WEEKS--& ,I WAS 9T]E/$ 9 :E!R ANYONE ELSE FELT LIKE ?IS WAS A BAD ?+4 ,I MADE AN ANN\NCEM5T AB\T IT BE=E !IR B& PLAY$1 & AFT]W>DS COLLECT$ A LI/ ( CONTACTS FROM EV]YONE :O WAS 9T]E/$ 9 KN[+ MORE4 ,AMONG !SE W]E1 %OCK+LY 5\<1 A GR\P ( M>9ES & A LOCAL P>T-TIME POLICE (FIC]2 ,I'D F9ALLY HAPP5$ UPON AN ISSUE ?AT C\LD BR+ PEOPLE TOGE!R FROM AS DISP>ATE WALKS ( LIFE AS !SE RI-HEADS & A GRIZZL$1 WILLFULLY UNEMPLOY$ REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ LIKE MYSELF4 ,I ALSO MET SOME OLD FRI5DS !RE1 PEOPLE ,I HADN'T SE5 9 A LONG TIME4 ,?\< !Y HAD LITTLE EXP]I5CE ) POLITICAL ACTIVISM1 !Y W]E ANGRY ?AT FASCI/S W]E GO+ TO BE WELCOM$ 9TO !IR CITY1 & WANT$ TO DO SOME?+ AB\T IT4 ,P]FECT4 ,WE MADE PLANS TO MEET1 & PASS$ ! WORD ALONG TO EV]YONE WE TRU/$4 ,\T ( ?IS *ANCE 9T]ACTION1 A PLANN+ GR\P =M$1 :I* HELD A S]IES ( COV]T MEET+S 9 ! DAYS LEAD+ UP TO ! FASCI/ RALLY4 ,= ?OSE :O C>E1 \R GR\P 9CLUD$ PEOPLE ( A V>IETY ( E?NIC GR\PS1 G5D]S1 SEXUAL ORI5TATIONS1 & BODY TYPES2 ALSO1 JU/ AS IMPORTANTLY1 IT CONSI/$ ( A RANGE ( P>TICIPANTS FROM LONGTIME MILITANT ACTIVI/S TO PEOPLE :O DIDN'T CONSID] !MSELVES POLITICAL AT ALL4 ,ONE ( MY GREATE/ FRU/RATIONS ) POLITICAL ACTIVISM AS IT IS SOMETIMES PRACTIC$ IS ?AT 9 ! PROCESS ( PURPORT+ TO PROTECT AGA9/ ALI5AT+ PEOPLE1 ACTIVI/S ALI5ATE EV]YONE :O ISN'T SIMIL>LY OBSESS$ ) RADICAL PROTOCOL & PROC$URE4 ,?IS WAS NOT ! CASE 9 \R GR\P3 \R DISCUSSIONS W]E 9=MAL1 WE HAD NO MEMB]%IP LI/1 NO ONE NE$$ ANY PRIOR KN[L$GE ( ACTIVI/ CULTURE TO FEEL WELCOME4 ,WE DECID$ WE W]E GO+ TO DO \R BE/ TO PREV5T ! RALLY FROM HAPP5+ AT ALL1 OR1 FAIL+ ?AT1 TO MAKE IT AS TRY+ AS POSSIBLE = ! FASCI/S & ! CITY ?AT WAS HO/+ !M4 ,BUT :Y1 Y\ ASK--DON'T ! FASCI/S HAVE ! RI*I/ LIKE ME1 ! QUE/ION ( 0! RITIALLY IS A FALLACY1 ANYWAY2 AS ?OSE 9 P[] 9EVITABLY USE ?AT P[] TO REPRES5T !IR [N 9T]E/S1 WE MIDS DEPRIV+ O!RS ( RIY TO MA9TA9 ! SY/EM ( RIGET+ IMMIGRANTS1 RADICALS1 & O!RS ) VIOL5CE2 ! ONLY SOLUTION ?AT HAS WORK$ IS = ACTIVI/S TO BLOCK !IR ATTEMPTS TO ORGANIZE FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+4 ,9 FACT1 SC>CELY TWO & A HALF DECADES E>LI]1 A SIMIL> RALLY HELD BY ! SAME ORGANIZATIONS 9 A CITY ONLY AN H\R AWAY FROM ?IS ONE HAD 5D$ 9 ! MURD]S ( ANTI-FASCI/ PROTE/]S1 = :I* ! POLICE NEV] F\ND ANYONE GUILTY EV5 ?\< IT WAS OBVI\S :O HAD COMMITT$ !M4 ,\R RELUCTANCE TO LET ?IS RALLY GO UN*ALL5G$ DID NOT PROCE$ FROM IDLE CONC]NS4 ,ASIDE FROM ! FASCI/S !MSELVES1 WE ALSO HAD A BONE TO PICK ) ! CITY4 ,IF !Y HAD NOT (F]$ POLICE PROTECTION1 ! FASCI/S SURELY W\LD NOT HAVE D>$ %[ UP TO PREA* !IR HATE & VIOL5CE1 = FE> ( A TA/E ( !IR [N M$IC9E4 ,AS IT TURN$ \T1 ! CITY MU/ HAVE SP5T T5S ( ?\S&S ( DOLL>S--AT ! LEA/--TO MAKE ?IS RALLY POSSIBLE4 ,I KN[ FROM PL5TY ( EXP]I5CE AT DEMON/RATIONS ?AT CITIES USUALLY ONLY SP5D ?AT K9D ( MONEY TO PREV5T FREE SPEE*4 ,HAV+ HAD SOME ( MY [N ATTEMPTS TO EX]CISE MY 0RI GAS & RUBB] BULLET ATTACKS 7:I* >E NOT *EAP671 ,I F\ND IT P>TICUL>LY 9SULT+ ?AT ! GOV]NM5T SAW FIT TO ALLOCATE SO MU* TAX-PAY] MONEY TO 5ABLE ! FASCI/S TO RECRUIT RIISON ) :OM !Y W\LD APPE> MOD]ATE8 ,REG>DLESS1 WE DECID$ IT W\LD BE \R JOB TO MAKE SURE !Y HAD TO WORK TO E>N EV]Y DOLL> !Y SP5T ON SECURITY1 & TO CO/ !M MORE ?AN !Y'D B>GA9$ = IF POSSIBLE4 ,?IS W\LD DISC\RAGE !M FROM PROVID+ PROTECTION = FUTURE FASCI/ RALLIES3 IF !Y KNEW ! PRICE TAG W\LD BE EV5 /EEP] ?AN IT HAD BE5 ?IS TIME1 !Y MIE SO 0MOD]ATE0 ?AT ANY K9D ( MILITANT ACTION ALI5ATES !M1 IT CAN 9 FACT HAPP5 ?AT PEOPLE >E 9TIMIDAT$ BY A MASK$ GR\P :OSE GOALS & TACTICS >5'T CLE> TO !M4 ,WE DISCUSS$ ! FACT ?AT WE W\LD BE RUNN+ ?IS RISK1 & DECID$ ?AT 9 ?IS CASE IT WAS WOR? IT3 \R FIR/ PRIORITY WAS NOT TO CONV]T PEOPLE TO \R P]SPECTIVE1 BUT TO /OP ! FASCI/S FROM GETT+ A FOO?OLD = !IRS4 ,IF WE DID MAKE A BAD IMPRESSION ON ANY O!R PROTE/]S1 ?AT WASN'T GO+ TO TURN !M 9TO FASCI/S2 & IF EV]YONE ASSOCIAT$ FASCI/S ) *AOS & TR\BLE1 SO MU* ! BETT]4 ,I CAN IMAG9E ! ,NAZI 0,COMM&]0 9 CITY HALL TRY+ TO GET A P]MIT NEXT TIME1 & ! FUNCTION>Y EXPLA9+3 0,NO1 LA/ TIME Y'ALL CAME H]E Y\ BR\*I/S1 & IT WAS A BIG MESS40 ,F9ALLY1 AP>T FROM DISC\RAG+ ! FASCI/S & UNMASK+ ! CITY'S ALLEGIANCES1 ?IS WAS A GREAT OPPORTUNITY = US PROPON5TS ( DIRECT ACTION TO PUT \R EXP]I5CE AT ! S]VICE ( O!R RIGA94 ,AS IT TURN$ \T1 BY ! TIME ! EV5T WAS OV] WE'D MADE A LOT MORE NEW FRI5DS ?AN ! ,KLAN OR ! ,N4,S4,M4 HAD4 ,PUBLICLY1 WE TOOK ADVANTAGE ( A FEW MORE SOCIAL EV5TS TO ANN\NCE ?AT C\NT]-RALLY ACTIONS ( SOME K9D W\LD TAKE PLACE1 & US$ ! LI/S ?US GA!R$ TO S5D \T REM9D]S2 WE ALSO :EATPA/$ FLI]S & PO/$ NOTICES ON ! 9T]NET TO ! SAME EFFECT4 ,PRIVATELY1 WE WORK$ ON /RATEGY & /RUCTURE4 ,?OSE ( US :OSE FRI5DS HAD BE5 9VOLV$ 9 SOME ( ! BETT]-KN[N ANTI-FASCI/ ACTIONS ( ! PREC$+ YE>S CONTACT$ !M & ASK$ = PO9T]S4 ,SOME ( US EXPLOR$ ! >EA & MADE ANNOTAT$ MAPS1 :I* W]E DI/RIBUT$ AT MEET+S4 ,WE GA!R$ :AT MAT]IALS WE C\LD1 & BRA9/ORM$ AB\T :AT APPROA*ES TO TAKE4 ,WE DID \R BE/ TO SPREAD WORD ( \R PLANS TO EV]YONE :O MITICIPATE1 ADD+ SPECIFICS ACCORD+ TO ! DEGREE TO :I* WE FELT WE C\LD TRU/ !M1 SO AS TO PREV5T 9=MATION FROM FALL+ 9TO ! WRONG H&S4 ,%ORTLY !REAFT]1 WE LE>N$ ?AT A P]MITT$ PROTE/ HAD ALSO BE5 S*$UL$4 ,SOME ( US HAD MIX$ FEEL+S AB\T ?IS4 ,IT MEANT1 ON ! ONE H&1 ?AT !RE W\LD BE A SAFE ZONE = PROTE/]S :O DIDN'T WANT TO RISK POLICE REPRESSION2 ON ! O!R H&1 9 \R EXP]I5CE 9 ?IS CITY1 :5EV] A P]MITT$ PROTE/ OCCURR$ IT WAS SOME DI/ANCE FROM ! EV5T BE+ PROTE/$1 SURR\ND$ BY A ?ICK L9E ( POLICE & METAL F5C+1 & PROV$ TO BE A DISEMP[]+ EXP]I5CE = ALL :O P>TICIPAT$ 9 IT4 ,AS ALL >EAS EXCEPT ! P]MITT$ ZONE W\LD BE LOCK$ D[N BY POLICE1 IT WAS LIKELY ?AT ! P]MITT$ PROTE/ W\LD ABSORB ALL :O %[$ UP & ! TONE ( ! DAY W\LD ?US BE SET BY ! FEW :O HAD ORGANIZ$ IT--:I* W\LD MEAN ALL ! 5]GY WE HAD PUT 9TO \R ORGANIZ+ WAS ABSORB$ BY !IR PROJECT1 AN \TCOME ?AT W\LD DISAPPO9T ?OSE :O HAD ACCEPT$ \R 9VITATION TO ! EV5T 9 HOPES ( EFFECTIVELY CONTE/+ ! FASCI/ RALLY4 ,TO TOP IT ALL (F1 ORGANIZ]S ( P]MITT$ PROTE/S SOMETIMES TAKE (F5SE TO ANY O!R =M ( PROTE/ ORGANIZ$ TO TAKE PLACE ALONGSIDE1 SO WE HAD TO BE C>EFUL NOT TO CREATE DISS5SION JU/ BY VIRTUE ( ACT+ ON \R [N 9ITIATIVE4 ,WE CONCLUD$ ?AT WE HAD TO F9D A PO9T AT :I* TO CONFRONT ! FASCI/S ?AT WAS F> FROM ! P]MITT$ PROTE/1 BO? = CIVILITY'S SAKE & TO MAKE SURE NO ONE WAS AT RISK :O DID NOT *OOSE TO BE4 ,=TUNATELY1 \R RESE>* HAD REVEAL$ ?AT !Y W\LD BE US+ A P>K+ LOT ON ! OPPOSITE SIDE ( ! RALLY SITE FROM ! P]MITT$ ZONE4 ,?OSE ( US :O W]E PREP>$ = POT5TIALLY DANG]\S PHYSICAL CONFRONTATION PLANN$ TO =M A GR\P ?AT W\LD ADVANCE ON ! P>K+ LOT4 ,!RE W]E RESID5TIAL NEIBY1 :I* WE HOP$ W\LD BE F> 5\< \TSIDE ! ZONE ( POLICE SURVEILLANCE ?AT WE C\LD GA!R !RE & APPROA* ) ! ELEM5T ( SURPRISE4 ,ONCE 9 MELEE ) ! POLICE & P]HAPS ! FASCI/S1 ?IS GR\P W\LD /ICK TIT >RE/S4 ,AS ! POLICE HAD NO KN[L$GE ( \R PLANS1 WE DIDN'T EXPECT !Y W\LD BE PREP>$ TO MAKE MASS >RE/S1 SO WE FIGUR$ \R PRIM>Y PROBLEM WAS TO /OP !M FROM PICK+ (F 9DIVIDUALS4 ,IF WE W]E BESET BY S]I\S POLICE ATTACKS1 WE W\LD RETREAT 9TO ! RESID5TIAL NEIEA TO PATROL OR A TASK TO FULFILL--TAK+ D[N LIC5SE PLATE NUMB]S FROM ! FASCI/S' C>S1 = EXAMPLE1 OR KEEP+ ABREA/ ( >EAS FREE ( POLICE SURVEILLANCE TO :I* PEOPLE C\LD RETREAT IF NE$ BE4 ,!Y >RANG$ AN 9T]NAL NETWORK SO ?AT 9=MATION C\LD BE CIRCULAT$ AS SWIFTLY AS POSSIBLE & PASS$ ON TO ONE ( TWO CONTACTS 9 ! ACTION-ORI5T$ GR\P4 ,DUR+ ! EV5T1 !Y NOT ONLY MONITOR$ ! MOVEM5TS ( FASCI/S & POLICE1 BUT ALSO DI/RIBUT$ 9=MATION TO ALL ( US :5 WE W]E SPREAD \T4 ,! NIK+ LOT & ! ACTUAL SITE ( ! RALLY1 WAS COV]$ ?ICKLY 9 ANTI-FASCI/ GRAFFITI4 ,NO MATT] ?AT ! CITY1 CLE>LY HELL-B5T ON !IR *OS5 PROJECT ( BE+ WELCOM+ HO/S TO ! FASCI/S1 W5T TO ! SURPRIS+ TR\BLE ( S&BLA/+ ALL ! GRAFFITI (F BY ! TIME ! RALLY WAS TO BEG92 !Y W]E \R PRIM>Y T>GET READ]%IP1 & N[ !Y HAVE ONE MORE S]I\S EXP5SE TO FACTOR 9TO !IR BUDGET NEXT TIME !Y CONSID] WELCOM+ FASCI/S4 ,JU/ BE=E DAWN1 O!RS W5T TO A HID+ PLACE ?AT HAD BE5 SC\T$ E>LI] & /A%$ \R SECRET WEAPONS3 SEV]AL #d' BY #h' PLYWOOD BANN]S PA9T$ ) ANTI-FASCI/ SLOGANS4 ,!SE HAD H&-HOLDS CUT 9TO !M 7?\< AFT] ONE ( US HAD HIS H& SMA%$ BY A POLICE BATON :ILE HOLD+ ONE UP1 WE DECID$ BACK H&LES W\LD HAVE BE5 BETT]71 & C\LD BE TI$ TOGE!R AT ! 5DS TO =M A MASSIVE1 JO9T$1 MOBILE B>RICADE4 ,C>RY+ !SE >\ND \R GR\P W\LD MAKE IT DIFFICULT = POLICE TO SNAT* OR BEAT US1 OR = ?AT MATT] EASILY ID5TIFY US OR GAUGE \R NUMB]S4 ,!Y W]E ALSO FE/IVE1 & MADE \R GOALS CLE>4 ,9 ! FUTURE1 WE'LL PROBABLY USE PLEXIGLASS 9/EAD ( PLYWOOD1 S9CE ONE ( !M F9ALLY SNAPP$ 9 HALF AFT] TOO MU* PRESSURE FROM POLICE ON ONE SIDE & PROTE/]S ON ! O!R--BUT WE'LL GET TO ?AT /ORY %ORTLY4 ,WE HELD A F9AL MEET+ ! MORN+ ( ! BIG DAY1 TO FILL 9 ?OSE :O HADN'T BE5 PRES5T AT E>LI] ONES & MAKE SOME LA/ M9UTE DECISIONS4 ,WE PICK$ A CONV]G5CE PO9T \T 9 ! RESID5TIAL NEIK+ LOT TO ! RALLY SITE ?AT WE C\LD /OP !M1 BUT NOT SO F> 9 ADVANCE ?AT ! POLICE C\LD =CE US TO DISP]SE FIR/1 OR ?AT TOO FEW POT5TIAL P>TICIPANTS 9 \R ACTION W\LD HAVE >RIV$ 7S9CE1 UN=TUNATELY1 ?OSE PROMOT+ ! P]MITT$ EV5T HAD ANN\NC$ ! PROTE/ AS />T+ AT ! SAME TIME AS ! RALLY1 :I* W\LD BE TOO LATE TO 9T]F]E ) IT74 ,UNTIL ?AT MOM5T1 WE W\LD BE SCATT]$ 9TO C\PLES & T9Y GR\PS1 9 HOPES ( AVOID+ PREMATURE POLICE ATT5TION4 ,\R SC\TS W\LD 9=M ?OSE ( US ) COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPM5T IF ANY?+ UNEXPECT$ DEVELOP$--SAY1 ! FASCI/S W]E HEAD+ TO ! RALLY SITE E>LI] ?AN EXPECT$1 OR !RE WAS ALREADY A POLICE PRES5CE AT ! SITE ( \R PLANN$ CONV]G5CE--& !SE SPOKESPEOPLE W\LD PASS WORD >\ND TO O!RS1 SO WE C\LD REACT QUICKLY4 ,WE >RIV$ A C\PLE H\RS BE=E ! RALLY WAS TO BEG9 TO F9D ! 5TIRE >EA SW>M+ ) POLICE 9 & \T ( UNI=M1 MASSIVE METAL F5C+ SURR\ND+ ! RALLY SITE1 SURVEILLANCE CAM]AS SET UP1 SNIP]S ON ! RO(TOPS1 MOBILE COMM& C5T]S D[N ! BLOCK1 SEV]AL (FIC]S ON HORSEBACK & MORE 9 RIOT GE>1 & EV5 A HELICOPT] OV]HEAD4 ,IT WAS 9TIMIDAT+1 & !RE WAS LITTLE SIGN ( O!R PROTE/]S4 ,\R SC\TS REPORT$ ?AT FASCI/S HAD ALREADY >RIV$1 & W]E FRAT]NIZ+ ) POLICE (FIC]S 9 A C\PLE >EAS2 H[EV]1 !RE DIDN'T SEEM TO BE MU* *ANCE ( CAT*+ !M ALONE1 SO WE /UCK ) PLAN ,A4 ,WE W]E ALL DRESS$ AS NONDESCRIPT CIVILIANS1 BUT C>RI$ B&ANNAS & SWEAT%IRTS ) :I* TO R5D] \RSELVES ANONYM\S4 ,WALK+ >\ND ! VIC9ITY1 WE MET PEOPLE WE RECOGNIZ$ FROM O!R DEMON/RATIONS & %[S1 & PASS$ ON TO ?OSE WE TRU/$ ! TIME & LOCATION ( \R CONV]G5CE PO9T--& MAPS1 = ?OSE :O HAD COME FROM \T ( T[N4 ,:5 ! TIME CAME1 WE ALL MADE \R WAY TO ! DESIGNAT$ >EA1 DO+ \R BE/ TO APPE> TO BE NO?+ MORE ?AN SMALL GR\PS MOV+ R&OMLY1 & HOP+ NOT TO HE> ! FAMILI> ?UND] ( HELICOPT]S OV]HEAD4 ,! MOM5T WAS UPON US--WE PULL$ UP \R MASKS1 GRABB$ ! BANN]S1 & TI$ !M TOGE!R AS WE =M$ \R BLOC & MADE SWIFTLY = ! P>K+ LOT4 ,!RE W]E P]HAPS =TY ( US1 & WE W]E GO+ TO TAKE ON AT LEA/ ONE HUNDR$ FIFTY POLICE1 NOT TO M5TION ! ?IRTY-ODD FASCI/S ?AT HAD OCCASION$ ALL ?IS TR\BLE4 ,ONE ( US HAD A GREAT BASS DRUM1 ) :I* TO MA9TA9 MORALE--MORALE IS CRITICAL 9 SU* SITUATIONS1 IT MAKES ALL ! DIFF]5CE 9 :AT A GR\P FEELS CAPABLE ( DO+4 ,O!RS HAD EM]G5CY :I/LES1 :I* MAKE A L\D NOISE :ILE LEAV+ ! H&S FREE 7?\< Y\ %\LD BE C>EFUL NOT TO DAMAGE Y\R HE>+ ) !M1 IF PLAY+ = A LONG TIME74 ,LAT] 9 ! DAY1 ! DRUMS TURN$ \T TO BE EXTREMELY USEFUL = C5T]+ \R GR\P :5 IT WAS SPREAD \T1 & DIRECT+ MOTION 5 MASSE4 ,MORE DRUMS & DRUMM]S MIK+ LOT1 JOGG+ ) \R BANN]S >\ND US4 ,AT ?IS 9/ANT1 REM>KABLY1 WE HAD ! ELEM5T ( SURPRISE ON \R SIDE3 NEI!R ! POLICE NOR ! FASCI/S W]E EXPECT+ US1 WE W]E ?R[+ !M 9TO AN UNEXPECT$ SITUATION & ?US (F-BALANCE2 ! 9ITIATIVE WAS \RS4 ,= ! RE/ ( ! DAY1 WE W]E NOT ABLE TO RECAPTURE ?IS ADVANTAGE2 MU* ( :AT WE ACCOMPLI%$ PROCE$$ FROM ! MOM5T :5 WE HAD IT4 ,>GUABLY1 ! MI/AKE WE MADE AT ?IS JUNCTURE WAS NOT TO CROSS ! /REET TO ! P>K+ LOT BE=E ! POLICE REA*$ US4 ,9 DISCUSSIONS AFT] ! ACTION1 IT CAME \T ?AT ?OSE :O HAD ?\ ?AT !RE MITICIPANTS4 ,?IS HAPP5$ AS ! DAY WORE ON & ALL ( US DEVELOP$ MORE CONFID5CE2 UN=TUNATELY1 POLICE PREP>ATIONS 9CREAS$ AT ! SAME PACE \R MORALE DID4 ,/RIKE ALL AT ONCE & GO = IT :ILE Y\ HAVE ! *ANCE1 ?AT'S ! MORAL ( ! /ORY4 ,BE ?AT AS IT MAY1 9 ! NEXT 9/ANT A L9E ( POLICE *>G$ =W>D & MET US 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! /REET AS WE HEAD$ = ! P>K+ LOT4 ,A /RUGGLE FOLL[$1 ) !M PU%+ ON ! BANN]S FROM ONE SIDE1 & US FROM ! O!R4 ,A C\PLE ( US W]E /RUCK OR DRAGG$ BY ! HAIR AT ?IS PO9T2 IT'S WOR? PO9T+ \T1 ?\< ?IS IS NO SURPRISE1 ?AT ! POLICE W]E 9 FACT ! ONES :O 9ITIAT$ VIOL5CE ?AT DAY4 ,ALL ?OSE !Y TRI$ TO GRAB = >RE/S W]E PULL$ BACK BY FRI5DS4 ,P>TLY [+ TO ! G5]AL LACK ( EXP]I5CE 9 \R NUMB]S1 AT ?IS PO9T WE HAD NOT YET DEVELOP$ A /RONG S5SE ( :AT WE C\LD ACCOMPLI%1 SO MANY W]E NOT AS READY TO PU% ! LIMITS AS !Y W\LD BE LAT] AFT] !Y'D GOTT5 ACCU/OM$ TO ! SITUATION4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 WE W]E PU%$ BACK ACROSS ! /REET2 BUT WE HELD \R GR\ND !RE1 SEIZ+ ! CORN] ( ! 9T]SECTION BETWE5 ! P>K+ LOT & ! RALLY SITE & HOLD+ IT 9 ! FACE ( FUR!R POLICE PRESSURE4 ,A /&(F 5SU$4 ,WE /OOD ON ! CORN]1 BANN]S UP ON ! \TSIDE1 ) A L9E ( POLICE 9 FRONT ( US & MORE POLICE MASS+ BEH9D !M4 ,! FASCI/S 9 ! P>K+ LOT W]E HID+ BEH9D A DUMP/]1 TOTALLY \T ( VIEW & \T ( RANGE ( PROJECTILES4 ,OV] ! NEXT FEW M9UTES1 \R NUMB]S SWIFTLY SWELL$1 AS PROTE/]S FROM A V>IETY ( P]SPECTIVES & WALKS ( LIFE CAME TO JO9 US4 ,9 FACT1 9 TAK+ ?IS CORN]1 WE HAD OP5$ UP A VA/ SPACE >\ND ! RALLY SITE = ?OSE PROTE/]S :O DIDN'T WANT TO REMA9 9 ! P]MITT$ ZONE1 & SCORES RAPIDLY FILL$ IT4 ,?IS WAS DEF9ITELY ONE ( \R ACCOMPLI%M5TS = ! DAY1 ?AT WE MADE IT POSSIBLE = PROTE/]S TO MOVE >\ND ! >EA AT WILL1 EX]CIS+ !IR FRE$OM ( SPEE* BEYOND ! RE/RICTIONS ( ! POLICE CORDON4 ,WE HAD FAIL$ TO ACTUALLY MEET ! FASCI/S 9 CONFLICT1 BUT N[1 HAV+ DEMON/RAT$ \R READ9ESS = CONFRONTATION1 WE W]E BETWE5 !M & !IR RALLY SITE1 & IT WAS CLE> TO EV]YONE ?AT !RE W\LD BE TR\BLE IF !Y CAME )9 RANGE4 ,!Y REMA9$ HIDD5 BEH9D !IR DUMP/]1 ) ! POLICE >\ND !M = PROTECTION1 & O!R POLICE CONF]R$ ON H[ TO H&LE ! SITUATION1 :ILE /ILL O!RS RE9=C$ ! L9E FAC+ US4 ,?IS W5T ON = P]HAPS FIFTE5 M9UTES1 UNTIL IT WAS TIME = !IR RALLY TO BEG94 ,IT CONT9U$ = ANO!R FIFTE5 M9UTES1 & !N ANO!R1 & !N ANO!R1 UNTIL WE HAD SUCCE$$ 9 DELAY+ !IR RALLY BY A FULL =TY FIVE M9UTES--NO SMALL A*IEVEM5T1 UND] ! CIRCUM/ANCES6 ,BY ?IS TIME1 \R GR\P WAS DISP]S$ )9 ! MU* L>G] GR\P ( PROTE/]S ?AT HAD GA!R$ AT ! CORN]1 MO/ CLE>LY UND]/&+ ?AT !Y W]E DELAY+ ! RALLY BY AMASS+ !RE4 ,MANY W]E %\T+ FURI\SLY AT ! POLICE = BE+ WILL+ TO DEF5D SU* OPPON5TS ( LIB]TY4 ,! ATMOSPH]E WAS HEAT$1 TO SAY ! LEA/4 ,IT'S WOR? 9T]RUPT+ H]E TO EMPHASIZE :AT A DIFF]5T FEEL+ IT IS TO ACT = Y\RSELF ) Y\R COMPANIONS 9 A SITUATION LIKE ?IS ?AN IT IS SIMPLY TO FOLL[ ! DICTATES ( ! POLICE OR SOME O!R AU?ORITY4 ,AS FRIM$ POLICE (FIC]S1 IT WAS EV5 MORE EXHIL>AT+ TO FEEL ?AT WE W]E ACT+ ACCORD+ TO \R CONSCI5CES RA!R ?AN \T ( FE> OR CON=MITY4 ,?AT S5SATION1 ! FEEL+ ?AT Y\R LIFE REALLY IS Y\R [N & ANY?+ IS POSSIBLE1 ?AT Y\ EXP]I5CE :5 Y\ COME TO SEE ! WORLD >\ND Y\ AS SOME?+ NEGOTIABLE & 5GAGE ) IT DELIB]ATELY1 IS ONE ,I WI% EV]YONE C\LD TA/E4 ,9 ACT+ AS A SMALL1 SELF-/>T+ GR\P1 WE HAD OP5$ UP ! OPTION ( MILITANT RESI/ANCE TO MANY O!RS1 :O JO9$ 9 5?USIA/ICALLY2 BUT ! D[NSIDE TO ?IS WAS ?AT \R GR\P LO/ COH]5CE )9 ! L>G] MASS4 ,\R BANN]S & BANN] HOLD]S HAD BE5 SEP>AT$ FROM ONE ANO!R 9 ! *AOS1 & WE NEV] AGA9 ?AT DAY =M$ A TI SIDE ( ! P]MITT$ ZONE FROM :]E WE W]E2 WE TRI$ TO MOVE D[N T[>DS IT1 BUT MOV+ 9 ANY EV5 M9IMALLY ORGANIZ$ MANN] ?R\< ! ASSEMBL$ MASSES >\ND ! N>R[ P]IMET] ( ! RALLY SITE PROV$ IMPOSSIBLE4 ,WE DIDN'T WANT TO MOVE ?R\< ! P]MITT$ ZONE ITSELF1 ANYWAY1 SO AS NOT TO DRAW HEAT TO ?OSE SEEK+ SAFETY !RE OR 9T]F]E ) !IR *OS5 =M ( PROTE/4 ,?IS WAS ! PO9T AT :I* 9DIVIDUAL ACTIONS BY SCATT]$ GR\PS C\LD HAVE TAK5 PLACE TO HEIIO1 WE W\LD HAVE HAD O!RS READY TO 9T]CEPT ! BUS1 BUT WE HAD NOT PREP>$ 5\< = ?AT4 ,SURR\ND$ BY POLICE1 ) US /ILL HUNDR$S ( FEET AWAY1 ! FASCI/S W]E ABLE TO LEAVE ! BUS )\T BE+ ASSAULT$ BY ANY?+ MORE ?AN ! JE]S ( BY/&]S4 ,REALIZ+ ?AT WE HAD AT LA/ FAIL$ TO PREV5T !M FROM REA*+ ! SITE1 WE *ANG$ \R /RATEGY3 AT ?IS PO9T \R ONLY HOPE ( /OPP+ ! RALLY WAS TO CREATE *AOS ?AT SEEM$ UNCONTROLLABLE1 SO WE ATTEMPT$ A FULL FRONTAL (F5SIVE4 ,! POLICE B>R+ \R PA? HAD BE5 REPLAC$ BY N[ ) (FIC]S 9 FULL BODY >MOR1 & (FIC]S ) TE> GAS RIFLES & ON HORSEBACK /OOD BEH9D !M4 ,! GREAT METAL F5CE WAS BETWE5 US & !M2 IT WAS COMPOS$ ( MASSIVELY HEAVY SECTIONS1 ALMO/ 9EXTRICABLY L9K$ TOGE!R4 ,AMAZ+LY1 WE W]E ABLE TO GET ONE ( ! SECTIONS FREE1 & PU%$ =W>D ) IT & A C\PLE ( \R [N B>RICADES AGA9/ ! L9ES ( POLICE ?AT IMM$IATELY RU%$ TO MEET US4 ,?IS CONFRONTATION WAS MU* MORE PIT*$ ?AN ! E>LI] ONE HAD BE52 ! POLICE RA9$ BL[S UPON US1 & WE /RUCK BACK1 LIFT+ ! VISORS ( !IR HELMETS TO EV5 ! ODDS :]E NECESS>Y4 ,ONE P>TICUL>LY AGGRESSIVE (FIC] LO/ HIS HEAD 9 ! FRAY & F\ND HIMSELF SURR\ND$ BY US--HIS COLLEAGUES HAD TO SNAT* HIM OV] ! F5CE TO SAFETY4 ,IT WAS REAL P&EMONIUM AT TIMES1 :5 POLICE & PROTE/]S W]E MIX$ UP & ! L9ES BETWE5 !M BECAME UNCLE>2 ,I BELIEVE AT ONE PO9T ,I EV5 SAW A DEMON/RATOR MAKE USE ( A /AGE DIV+ TE*NIQUE TO GET 9TO ! ACTION6 ,ONCE AGA91 ?OSE ! POLICE ATTEMPT$ TO NAB = >RE/S W]E FRE$1 BUT WE FAIL$ TO MAKE MU* HEADWAY AGA9/ !IR L9ES4 ,9 ! 5D1 WE LIFT$ ! SECTION ( METAL F5C+ OV] \R HEADS & PASS$ IT TO ! BACK ( ! CR[D1 :]E IT WAS DROPP$ 9TO A PIT AT ! FOOT ( ! BUILD+ BEH9D US SO IT W\LD NOT BLOCK FUR!R ADVANCES ON \R P>T4 ,?IS SIMPLE DISPOSAL ( A L>GE SEGM5T ( ! POLICE B>RICADE WAS GRATIFY+1 AT LEA/1 BUT IT WAS CLE> WE W]5'T PREP>$ TO BREAK ?R\< !IR L9ES FRONTALLY4 ,! FASCI/ RALLY WAS 9 FULL SW+1 N[1 ) ! TWO DOZ5 ( !M :O HAD MADE IT \T ( ! P>K+ LOT HOLD+ !IR SWA/IKA FLAGS & MAK+ !IR SPEE*ES1 MO/ ( :I* W]E DR[N$ \T BY AUDI5CE NOISE4 ,! POLICE HAD PROHIBIT$ EV5 ! FEW FASCI/ SYMPA?IZ]S :O HAD %[$ UP FROM PASS+ ?R\< !IR L9ES1 P]HAPS AS A RESULT ( \R ACTIVITIES2 IT WAS ONLY FASCI/ W\LD-BE LEAD]S1 !IR *ILDR51 & ! CAM]AS ( ! MA9/REAM M$IA ON ! SITE4 ,LACK+ O!R IDEAS AS TO H[ TO 9T]RUPT ! EV5T1 SOME :O HAD BR\S7 :ILE O!RS ATTEMPT$ TO LI\ND US :O W]E NOT PREP>$ = ?IS LEVEL ( RISK4 ,SOME ( US1 NOT SURE H[ WE FELT AB\T :AT WAS GO+ ON1 TOOK IT UPON \RSELVES TO =M A BUFF] BETWE5 ! ONES ) ! SMOKE BOMB & EV]YONE ELSE4 ,! 9EXP]I5C$ 9DIVIDUAL :O ATTEMPT$ TO HURL ! SMOKE BOMB ONCE IT WAS LIT FAIL$ TO GET IT PA/ ! BANN]S1 & IT WAS SOME?+ ( A DEBACLE1 ?\< NO ONE WAS HURT 7OR SC>$1 ) ! POSSIBLE EXCEPTION ( SAID 9DIVIDUAL74 ,MORAL ( ! /ORY3 AS MY FRI5D'S HI< S*OOL B& TEA*] ALWAYS TOLD HIM1 PRACTICE AT HOME6 ,O!RS AMONG US TOOK ADVANTAGE ( ! SYMPA!TIC CR[D COV] TO PA9T ! BUILD+S BEH9D US ) SMALL SLOGANS & >TWORK CRITICAL ( FASCISM4 ,CONV]SATIONS TOOK PLACE1 AS WELL3 PEOPLE ASK$ :Y WE W]E WE>+ MASKS1 & W]E G5]ALLY UND]/&+ :5 WE EXPLA9$ IT WAS TO AVOID BE+ PR(IL$ BY ! POLICE--&1 = ?AT MATT]1 ! FASCI/S1 :O W]E RUNN+ SURVEILLANCE ( DEMON/RATORS = !IR [N PURPOSES4 ,P]HAPS ! ONLY DECID$LY NEGATIVE RECEPTIONS ANY ( US EXP]I5C$ CAME FROM TWO ( ! ORGANIZ]S ( ! P]MITT$ RALLY4 ,ONE ( !M1 A :ITE MAN ASSOCIAT$ ) ! FLAG%IP /ATE UNIV]SITY1 HAD COME UP TO US :5 WE W]E 5GAG$ 9 \R /&(F BETWE5 ! P>K+ LOT & ! RALLY SITE1 SUGGE/+ ?AT WE CEASE \R MILITANT ACTIVITY & JO9 ! SIL5T1 PASSIVE PROTE/ 9 ! P]MITT$ ZONE2 HE P]SI/$ 9 9SI/+1 PROVID+ NO TACTICAL RATIONALE = :Y WE %\LD GIVE UP ! GA9S WE HAD MADE AT ?AT PO9T1 UNTIL ONE HO!AD$ Y\NG P]SON F9ALLY ASK$ IF HE WAS A POLICE (FIC]4 ,! O!R1 SOME:AT LESS ABSURDLY1 ASK$ ! DEMON/RATOR ) ! BIG DRUM TO /OP PLAY+ IT 9 ! PROXIMITY ( ! P]MITT$ ZONE1 ON ! GR\NDS ?AT IT WAS DR[N+ \T !IR SIL5T PROTE/2 = A TIME1 ! DRUMM] WAS SIL5T1 \T ( RESPECT = H] REQUE/4 ,SOME TEMP]S DID FL>E 9 ! MID/ ( ! FRAY1 IT'S TRUE1 & IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT O!RS EX*ANG$ H>% WORDS AT SOME PO9T DUR+ ! DAY4 ,IT'S V]Y IMPORTANT ?AT ?OSE ( US :O PRACTICE DIRECT ACTION DEMON/RATE ! UTMO/ 9 CIVILITY & S5SITIVITY 9 ! PROCESS ( DO+ SO1 SO !RE WILL NEV] BE ANY QUE/ION AB\T :AT P>T ( \R HE>TS SU* ACTIONS PROCE$ FROM1 OR :E!R DIRECT ACTION ACTIVI/S >E G5]ALLY WELCOM+ & RESPONSIBLE PEOPLE4 ,WELL1 BACK TO ! ACTION4 ,AT ?IS PO9T1 C]TA9 ?AT WE W]E NOT GO+ TO SUCCE$ 9 ACTUALLY %UTT+ D[N ! RALLY1 MANY ( US MADE \R WAY BACK UP ! P]IMET] T[>DS ! P>K+ LOT1 TO 5ACT PLAN ,B3 GO AFT] !IR C>S4 ,AT ! CORN] WE HAD OCCUPI$ BE=E1 WE W]E MET ONCE AGA9 ) A L9E ( POLICE1 & !RE WAS ANO!R SKIRMI%1 ?IS TIME 9VOLV+ M\NT$ POLICE AS WELL4 ,!RE W]E SOME BL[S & ANGRY WORDS EX*ANG$ BETWE5 POLICE (FIC]S & PROTE/]S--! LATT] N[ 9CLUD+ A BROAD DIV]SITY ( 9DIVIDUALS1 NOT JU/ ! ORGANIZ$ DEMOGRAPHIC ?AT HAD 9ITIAT$ DIRECT ACTION AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! EV5T4 ,YET AGA91 ?OSE ! POLICE GRABB$ W]E PULL$ FREE1 BUT \R PROGRESS WAS BLOCK$4 ,ALL ! SAME1 SOME 9DIVIDUALS1 MOV+ /EAL?ILY \TSIDE ! MASS1 SUBSEQU5TLY MANAG$ TO CIRCUMV5T ! POLICE L9E & 9FILTRATE ! P>K+ LOT4 ,! TIRES ( A VEHICLE BELONG+ TO A FASCI/ SK9HEAD W]E SLA%$1 & SOME SCUFFL+ & *AS+ 5SU$4 ,! 9DIVIDUALS 9VOLV$ MANAG$ TO GET AWAY1 BUT ! RE/ ( US ON ! CORN] C\LD HAVE DONE BETT] TO SUPPORT !M BY MAK+ ANO!R *>GE AT ! POLICE L9E >\ND ?IS TIME TO CREATE A DI/RACTION4 ,IT WAS %ORTLY AFT]W>DS ?AT ! DAY'S FIVE >RE/S TOOK PLACE2 ALL FIVE ( !M W]E ! RESULT ( 9DIVIDUALS WALK+ >\ND AP>T FROM ! MASK$ BLOC :ILE /ILL WE>+ !IR MASKS4 ,?IS MADE !M OBVI\S T>GETS = POLICE4 ,CLE>LY1 WE %\LD HAVE GONE OV] ?AT LESSON MORE ?OR\ Y\R MASK ) ! O!RS 9 MASKS :O CAN PROTECT Y\1 *ANGE Y\R APPE>ANCE RADICALLY :5 Y\ LEAVE !IR COMPANY4 ,ONE 9DIVIDUAL'S COLL>BONE WAS BROK5 9 ! PROCESS ( ! >RE/1 ?ANKS TO A POLICEMAN'S OV]ZEAL\S TACKL+4 ,ALL ?OSE >RE/$ W]E BAIL$ \T ( JAIL BY ?AT NIK+ LOT4 ,IT WAS TIME TO QUIT :ILE WE W]E AS AHEAD AS WE W]E GO+ TO GET1 BE=E ANY MORE >RE/S C\LD BE MADE4 ,?OSE ( US 9 MASKS & SWEAT%IRTS MELT$ 9TO ! L>G] CR[D1 SWIFTLY *ANG+ \R CLO?+ \TSIDE ! VIEW ( ! POLICE1 & !N MADE \R WAY 9 ONES & TWOS \T ( ! >EA AS PROTE/]S FROM ! P]MITT$ PROTE/ DID ! SAME4 ,WE SUFF]$ NO MORE >RE/S 9 ?IS PROCESS2 WE HAD SUCCESSFULLY DELAY$ ! /ATE-SUBSIDIZ$ FASCI/ RALLY1 DECORAT$ ! WALLS ( ! /ATE POLITICAL DI/RICT ) POLITICS ( \R [N1 F\GU+ ?AT AL?\< HE UND]/OOD ! VALUE ( DIV]SITY ( TACTICS1 ?IS DEMON/RATION HAD NOT BE5 ! APPROPRIATE TIME = DIRECT ACTION4 ,SU* A /ATEM5T IS DIS+5U\S2 ACCEPT+ DIV]SITY ( TACTICS MEANS RECOGNIZ+ & RESPECT+ ?AT O!RS >E GO+ TO MAKE !IR [N DECISIONS AB\T TACTICS & ACT ACCORD+LY1 NOT GRANT+ ?AT DIV]SE APPROA*ES >E ACCEPTABLE 0:5 ,I SAY SO06 ,HE >GU$1 ESS5TIALLY1 ?AT ! MO/ PROP] ROLE ( ANY C\NT]-RALLY DEMON/RATION WAS TO 9VOLVE ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE NUMB] ( PEOPLE1 ESPECIALLY ?OSE MO/ S]I\SLY AFFECT$ BY FASCI/ ORGANIZ+--PRESUMABLY ASSUM+ ?AT NON-CONFRONTATIONAL TACTICS >E ALWAYS ! MO/ POPUL>1 & ?AT PEOPLE ( COLOR >E ! ONES *IEFLY AT RISK FROM FASCI/ ORGANIZ+ 7:51 9 FACT1 PEOPLE ( AN>*I/ & QUE] ORI5TATIONS1 NOT TO M5TION ,JEWI% H]ITAGE1 ALL ( :OM W]E PRES5T 9 \R NUMB] ALONG ) PEOPLE ( COLOR1 >E ALSO SIGNIFICANTLY AT RISK FROM FASCI/ ACTIVITY74 ,I W\LD >GUE TO ! CONTR>Y ?AT !RE W]E AT LEA/ ONE HUNDR$ PEOPLE AT ! PROTE/ ?AT DAY1 IF NOT MORE1 :O W5T EXPLICITLY TO CONFRONT ! FASCI/S & !IR PROTECTORS1 & :O W\LDN'T HAVE BE5 !RE O!RWISE--?AT IS TO SAY1 ! BE/ WAY TO 9VOLVE ! GREATE/ NUMB] ( PEOPLE IS = ! BROADE/ POSSIBLE >RAY ( APPROA*ES TO BE APPLI$ )\T 9T]F]+ ) ONE ANO!R4 ,= ! MO/ P>T1 WE TOOK GREAT C>E TO KEEP WELL AWAY FROM ! >EA RES]V$ = ! P]MITT$ RALLY1 & DID A DEC5T JOB ( NOT H9D]+ !IR *OS5 APPROA*4 ,) ! EXCEPTION ( ?IS 9DIVIDUAL1 & A CL[N 7YES1 LIT]ALLY1 A CL[N7 ! MA9/REAM M$IA F\ND TO SAY ?AT IT WAS UNFAIR ?AT \R NOISE WAS DR[N+ \T ! FASCI/S' >TICULATION ( !IR IDEAS1 FEW O!RS EXPRESS$ DISAPPROVAL ( ! WAY \R ACTIONS 9T]ACT$ ) ?OSE ( O!R PROTE/]S4 ,AFT] ! SMOKE CLE>$1 WE MET AGA9 TO DISCUSS :AT HAD WORK$ & :AT C\LD HAVE WORK$ BETT]4 ,SPIRITS W]E G5]ALLY HI<4 ,WE HAD DEMON/RAT$ ! P[] ( A FEW 9DIVIDUALS TO COME UP ) AN IDEA1 DEPLOY IT 9 ! FACE ( 9CR$IBLE ODDS1 & 9FLU5CE ! C\RSE ( EV5TS4 ,ACT+ ON \R [N 9ITIATIVE1 EXPLOR+ \R POT5TIAL 9 PRACTICE1 WE HAD TAK5 ON ! ASSEMBL$ P[]S ( ! ,KU ,KLUX ,KLAN1 ! ,NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,MOVEM5T1 & ! /ATE GOV]NM5T1 & SCOR$ SOME SIGNIFICANT VICTORIES4 ,\R 9ITIAL PLAN = CONV]G+ & SETT+ ! TONE = ! DAY'S HAD WORK$1 & HAD WE HAD A LITTLE MORE EXP]I5CE1 NUMB]S1 OR MORALE1 WE MIN$ A LOT AB\T ! AMAZ+ ?+S WE C\LD DO TOGE!R4 ,MO/ ( ! NECESS>Y CON/RUCTIVE CRITICISM HAS BE5 COV]$ ABOVE1 BUT ONE PO9T REMA9S TO BE MADE4 ,IT'S IMPORTANT ?AT 9DIVIDUALS P>TICIPAT+ 9 DIRECT ACTIONS NOT GO ANY F>!R ?AN !Y FEEL CONFID5T & COM=TABLE DO+2 IF Y\ GET HURT OR >RE/$ OR O!RWISE 9 TR\BLE :ILE P>TICIPAT+ 9 A LEVEL ( 5GAGEM5T = :I* Y\ >E NOT EMOTIONALLY PREP>$1 ! EFFECTS CAN BE DEBILITAT+4 ,F> BETT] ?AT Y\ GET />T$ SL[LY & CONS]VATIVELY1 BUILD+ A SU/A9ABLE 9VOLVEM5T ) DIRECT ACTION PROJECTS ?AT CAN CONT9UE OV] A LIFETIME1 ?AN RU% 9TO AN ACTION ) WILD AB&ON1 HAVE A BAD EXP]I5CE1 & SWE> (F FUR!R P>TICIPATION 9 SU* ACTIONS4 ,ALL BUT ONE ( US HAD A REALLY EMP[]+1 FULFILL+ TIME PREP>+ = & 5GAG+ 9 ?IS PROTE/1 & ! ONE :O CAME AWAY FROM IT ) A S\R TA/E DID SO 9 P>T BECAUSE HE HAD NOT PREP>$ HIMSELF = ! POSSIBLE CONSEQU5CES ( ! L5G?S TO :I* HE TOOK HIS RESI/ANCE ?AT DAY4 ,LET'S FIEFULLY1 AS P>T ( A LONG-T]M PROCESS1 SO ! EXP]I5CES WE GA9 9 SO DO+ WILL NOT GO TO WA/E6 7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #g? ,NOVEMB] #bb FROM CRIME?9C4COM47 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,JANU>Y #a#c1 #bbb 3 ,FI