,FR5* ,M>XI/S & ,!IR ,AN?ROPOLOGY 

#aigg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PI]RE ,CLA/RES 

,TEXT 3 

,ONLY NECESSITY1 & NOT ! DESIRE = 5T]TA9M5T1 C\LD BR+ US TO DISCUSS M>XI/ AN?ROPOLOGY & ITS ADVANTAGES1 DRAWBACKS1 CAUSES1 & EFFECTS4 ,=1 9 SPITE ( ! FACT ?AT E?NOM>XISM IS /ILL A P[]FUL CURR5T 9 ! HUMAN SCI5CES1 M>XI/ E?NOLOGY IS ( AN ABSOLUTE1 OR RA!R1 RADICAL NULLITY -- NULL AT ! ROOT4 ,IT IS NOT NECESS>Y TO GO 9TO A DETAIL$ TREATM5T ( ITS >GUM5TS1 = ! ABUNDANT PRODUCTION ( E?NOM>XI/S CAN BE TAK5 AS A UNIT1 A HOMOG5E\S UNIT EQUAL TO Z]O4 ,LET US EXAM9E ?IS NO?+NESS ?AT OV]FL[S ) BE+ -- :AT BE+ IS 9VOLV$ %ALL BE SE5 FUR!R ON -- ?IS M>RIAGE ( M>XI/ CRITIQUE ) PRIMITIVE SOCIETY4 

,! DEVELOPM5T ( ,FR5* AN?ROPOLOGY OV] ! PA/ TW5TY YE>S IS DUE FIR/LY TO 9/ITUTIONAL BACK+ ( ! SOCIAL SCI5CES1 & SECONDLY ?R\< CREATION ( E?NOLOGY PROGRAMS 9 UNIV]SITIES & AT ! ,NATIONAL ,C5T] = ,SCI5TIFIC ,RESE>* 7,C4,N4,R4,S474 ,BUT1 9 ADDITION1 ,FR5* AN?ROPOLOGY HAS FOLL[$ 9 ! WAKE ( ,LEVI-,/RAUSS'S EXT5SIVE & HI<LY ORIG9AL WORK1 & AS A RESULT1 E?NOLOGY 9 ,FRANCE DEVELOP$ PR9CIPALLY ALONG ! L9ES ( /RUCTURALISM4 ,H[EV]1 AB\T T5 YE>S AGO ?IS T5D5CY *ANG$ DIRECTION1 & M>XISM 7:AT ITS PROPON5TS CALL M>XISM1 AT ANY RATE7 BEGAN IMPOS+ ITSELF1 LITTLE BY LITTLE1 AS ! IMPORTANT L9E ( AN?ROPOLOGICAL RESE>*1 BE+ CONSID]$ BY MANY NON-M>XI/ RESE>*]S A LEGITIMATE & RESPECTABLE WAY ( LOOK+ AT ?OSE SOCIETIES /UDI$ BY E?NOLOGI/S4 ,9 %ORT1 ! /RUCTURALI/ \TLOOK HAS BE5 GIV+ GR\ND TO A M>XI/ CRITIQUE AS ! DOM9ANT VIEWPO9T 9 AN?ROPOLOGY4 

,! REASON BEH9D ! /RUCTURALI/ DECL9E IS NOT1 H[EV]1 BECAUSE C]TA9 M>XI/S HAVE TAL5TS SUP]IOR TO ,LEVI-,/RAUSS'S4 ,SU* A /ATEM5T C\LD ONLY CALL =? GREAT MIR?1 BECAUSE IF M>XI/S HAVE SEEM$ TO %9E IT HAS SC>CELY BE5 ON ACC\NT ( TAL5T1 AN ATTRIBUTE 9 :I* !Y >E UTT]LY LACK+4 ,LACK+ ALMO/ BY DEF9ITION1 = ! M>XI/ 5G9E W\LD JU/ NOT TURN OV] IF ITS ME*ANICS HAD ! SLI<TE/ TAL5T4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 TO ASCRIBE ! D[NSLIDE ( /RUCTURALISM TO ! COM+ & GO+ ( FADS 7AS HAS (T5 BE5 DONE7 SEEMS :OLLY SUP]FICIAL4 ,9S(> AS ! /RUCTURALI/ DISC\RSE S]VES AS A VEHICLE = FREE ?9K+ 7?\<T71 IT GOES BEYOND A SET ( CIRCUM/ANCES & IS OBLIVI\S TO FADS4 ,AN EMPTY DISC\RSE IS SOON =GOTT51 & /RUCTURALISM WILL HAVE ITS ,JUDGM5T ,DAY4 ,! ADVANCE ( M>XISM LIKEWISE CAN NO LONG] BE ATTRIBUT$ TO ! COM+ & GO+ ( FADS4 ,M>XISM WAS A BORN NATURAL TO FILL 7?\< 9 REALITY IT FILLS NO?+ AT ALL1 AS ,I WILL TRY TO %[7 AN 5ORM\S GAP 9 ! /RUCTURALI/ P]SPECTIVE4 ,?IS GAP1 :]E9 LIES ! FAILURE ( ,FRANCE'S MAJOR CURR5T ( SOCIAL AN?ROPOLOGY1 IS ?AT IT DOES NOT M5TION SOCIETY4 ,NOT PREP>$ TO SPEAK ( CONCRETE PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES1 H[ !Y FUNCTION1 !IR 9T]NAL DYNAMICS1 ECONOMICS1 & POLITICS1 /RUCTURALI/S 79 ! MA9 ,LEVI-,/RAUSS HIMSELF2 = AP>T FROM SEV]AL MORE-OR-LESS SKILLFUL DISCIPLES1 AT BE/ ,LEVI-,/RAUSS REPLICAS1 :O >E ! /RUCTURALI/S87 ELIM9ATE !SE ELEM5TS FROM !IR \TLOOK4 

,JU/ ! SAME1 ONE MI<T ASK1 DO MY?S & K9%IP NOT C\NT = SOME?+8 ,C]TA9LY2 & ) ! EXCEPTION ( V>I\S M>XI/S1 EV]YONE RECOGNIZES ! DECISIVE IMPORTANCE ( ,LEVI-,/RAUSS'S WORK 9 HIS ,! ,ELEM5T>Y ,/RUCTURE ( ,K9%IP4 ,MOREOV]1 ?IS BOOK HAS GIV5 RISE TO A TREM5D\S \TPUT ( K9%IP /UDIES4 ,E?NOLOGI/S CAN TALK 9EXHAU/IBLY AB\T MO!RS' BRO!RS & SI/]S' DAU<T]S1 & ONE WOND]S IF !Y >E ABLE TO TALK AB\T ANY?+ ELSE4 ,BUT ! REAL QUE/ION IS :E!R A WAY ( VIEW+ K9%IP IS VALID = VIEW+ SOCIETY2 DOES KN[L$GE ( ! K9%IP SY/EM ( A GIV5 TRIBE 5LI<T5 US AS TO ITS SOCIAL LIFE8 ,NOT 9 ! LEA/3 WE >E /ILL ON ! ?RE%OLD2 = :5 A K9%IP SY/EM HAS BE5 M9UTELY EXAM9$1 KN[L$GE ( ! SOCIETY ?AT MAKES USE ( IT HAS B>ELY ADVANC$4 ,! PRIMITIVE SOCIAL BODY IS NOT SATISFI$ ) BLOOD TIES & ALLIANCES2 IT IS NOT ONLY A MA*9E = MANUFACTUR+ K9%IP RELATIONS4 ,K9%IP IS NOT SOCIETY1 BUT K9%IP RELATIONS >E NEV]!LESS ( FUNDAM5TAL & NOT ( SECOND>Y IMPORTANCE 9 ! PRIMITIVE SOCIAL FABRIC4 ,PRIMITIVE SOCIETY1 LESS ?AN ANY O!R1 CANNOT BE ?\<T ( )\T K9%IP RELATIONS2 YET ?OSE K9%IP /UDIES CONDUCT$ UP UNTIL N[1 AT LEA/1 TELL US NO?+ AB\T PRIMITIVE SOCIAL BE+4 ,AS TO ! PURPOSE ( K9%IP RELATIONS 9 PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES1 /RUCTURALISM CAN ONLY GIVE A S+LE MASSIVE ANSW]3 TO CODIFY ! PROHIBITION ( 9CE/4 ,?IS SPECIFIC FUNCTION ( K9%IP BONDS -- IMMAN5T 9 PRIMITIVE SOCIETY1 AN UNDIVID$ SOCIETY COMPOS$ ( EQUALS -- M]ELY EXPLA9S ?AT PEOPLE >E NOT ANIMALS4 ,IT DOES NOT EXPLA9 H[ A PRIMITIVE PEOPLE IS A P>TICUL> PEOPLE1 DIFF]5T FROM O!RS2 H[ PRIMITIVE SOCIETY IS IRR$UCIBLE TO O!R SOCIETIES4 ,K9%IP1 SOCIETY1 EQUALITY1 0ONE & ! SAME /RUGGLE0 -- BUT ?AT IS A /ORY TO BE TOLD ANO!R DAY4 

,! SECOND >EA :]E ,LEVI-,/RAUSS HAD GREAT SUCCESS WAS 9 ! DOMA9 ( MY?OLOGY4 ,MY? ANALYSIS HAS PRODUC$ FEW] CALL+S ?AN K9%IP ANALYSIS1 AMONG O!R REASONS BECAUSE IT IS MORE DIFFICULT1 & BECAUSE1 SURELY1 NO ONE C\LD EQUAL ! MA/]4 ,MY? ANALYSIS CAN ONLY BE UND]TAK5 PROVID$ ?AT ! MY?S UND] CONSID]ATION CON/ITUTE A HOMOG5E\S SY/EM & IF 0! ?9K+ PROCESS TAKES PLACE 9 MY?S1 9 !IR REFLECTION UPON !MSELVES & !IR 9T]RELATION01 AS ,LEVI-,/RAUSS HIMSELF SAYS4 ,!RE=E MY?S 5T]TA9 A RELATION%IP AMONG !MSELVES1 ?\<T TAKES PLACE 9 !M2 BUT1 DOES A GIV5 MY? REFLECT UPON ITS NEI<BORS & !IR 9T]RELATION SIMPLY TO P]MIT MY?OLOGI/S TO REFLECT UPON ! GR\P ( MY?S & !IR 9T]RELATION8 ,SURELY NOT2 & H]E1 ONCE AGA91 IS A P>TICUL>LY OBVI\S EXAMPLE ( /RUCTURALI/ CONCEPTIONS IGNOR+ RELATION%IPS TO SOCIAL MATT]S2 BY ELIM9AT+ ! ROLE ( SOCIETY 9 ! PRODUCTION & 9V5TION ( MY?S1 ! RELATION%IP ?AT MY?S HAVE AMONG !MSELVES IS 9EVITABLY GIV5 GREAT] IMPORTANCE4 ,YES1 ! ?9K+ PROCESS TAKES PLACE 9 MY?S & !IR /RUCTURE MAY BE ANALYZ$1 AS ,LEVI-,/RAUSS PROVES BRILLIANTLY2 BUT 9 A WAY ?AT IS SECOND>Y1 = FIR/ ( ALL MY?S >E ! ?9K+ PROCESS ( ! SOCIETY ?AT OP]ATES 9 !M4 ,!RE LIES !IR FUNCTION4 ,MY?S CON/ITUTE ! WAY ?AT PRIMITIVE SOCIETY SEES ITSELF1 !Y 9CLUDE A SOCIO-POLITICAL DIM5SION ?AT /RUCTURAL ANALYSIS FAILS1 NATURALLY1 TO TAKE 9TO ACC\NT = FE> ( HAV+ A BREAKD[N4 ,/RUCTURALISM IS ONLY OP]ATIVE PROVID$ ?AT MY?S >E CUT (F FROM SOCIETY & SEIZ$ FLOAT+ WISPILY A GOOD DI/ANCE AWAY FROM !IR PLACE ( ORIG94 ,IT IS = JU/ ?IS REASON ?AT /RUCTURALISM IS ALMO/ NEV] CONC]N$ ) AN EXP]I5CE GIV5 FAVOR$ PRIORITY 9 PRIMITIVE SOCIAL LIFE -- ! RITE4 ,:AT IS MORE SOCIAL1 9 FACT MORE COLLECTIVE1 ?AN A RITUAL8 ,! RITE IS RELIGI\S M$IATION BETWE5 MY? & SOCIETY4 ,= /RUCTURAL ANALYSIS1 H[EV]1 ! DIFFICULTY COMES FROM ! FACT ?AT ! ?9K+ PROCESS DOES NOT TAKE PLACE 9 RITES2 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO ?9K 9 RITES4 ,RITES EXIT /AGE LEFT1 & SOCIETY ) !M4 

,:E!R WE TACKLE /RUCTURALISM ON TOP ( ! M\NTA9 7! WORK ( ,LEVI-,/RAUSS71 OR :E!R WE APPROA* ?IS M\NTA9TOP BY ONE ( ITS TWO MAJOR SLOPES 7K9%IP ANALYSIS & MY? ANALYSIS71 WE CANNOT FAIL TO NOTICE AN ABS5CE4 ,?IS ELEGANT & (T5 V]Y RI* VIEWPO9T DOES NOT TALK AB\T SOCIETY2 /RUCTURALISM IS LIKE !OLOGY M9US GOD444 SOCIOLOGY M9US SOCIETY4 

,) ! RISE ( ! HUMAN SCI5CES1 /UD5TS & RESE>*]S BEGAN AN UNYIELD+ & 5TIRELY LEGITIMATE APPEAL TO TAKE SOCIETY 9TO CONSID]ATION4 ,SO D[N CAME ! CURTA91 ! /RUCTURALI/S W]E POLITELY S5T PACK+1 & !IR GRACI\S M9UET GAVE WAY TO A NEW BALLET PRODUC$ BY M>XI/S 7SELF-DESIGNAT$71 FEATUR+ ! ,/OMP4 ,!Y P\ND$ ! GR\ND ( RESE>* ) !IR RUGG$ HOBNAIL$ OV]%OES1 & = V>I\S POLITICAL -- NOT SCI5TIFIC -- REASONS1 ! SIZABLE AUDI5CE *E]$4 ,M>XISM1 A !ORY ( SOCIETY & HI/ORY1 WAS BY ITS V]Y NATURE 5TITL$ TO EXT5D ITS CRITIQUE TO ! FIELD ( PRIMITIVE SOCIETY4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! LOGIC ( M>XI/ DOCTR9E C\LD NOT LET IT NEGLECT ANY TYPE ( SOCIETY1 = IT MU/ P]CEIVE ! TRU? 9 ALL4 ! SOCIAL =MATIONS ?AT PUNCTUATE HI/ORY4 ,?US M>XISM ALREADY HAD ON H& A WAY ( EXPLA9+ PRIMITIVE SOCIETY1 IMMAN5T 9 ITS OV]ALL CRITIQUE4 

,M>XI/ E?NOLOGI/S MAKE UP AN OBSCURE BUT SUB/ANTIAL PHALANX1 A DISCIPL9$ BODY :]E \T/&+ 9DIVIDUALS & ORIG9AL M9DS >E TO BE S\<T 9 VA94 ,ALL >E DEV\T BE=E ! DOCTR9E1 PR(ESS ! SAME BELIEFS1 & *ANT ! SAME CR$O4 ,:5 ?IS NONE-TOO-ANGELIC *OIR BREAKS 9TO SONG1 EA* MEMB] LI/5S TO HIS NEI<BOR TO MAKE SURE ?AT HE /RAYS NOT FROM ! HYMN4 ,( C\RSE1 !RE >E RES\ND+ CLA%ES AMONG ! V>I\S T5D5CIES2 9DE$1 EA* M>XI/ SP5DS HIS TIME ACCUS+ ! O!RS ( BE+ PSEUDOM>XI/ IMPO/ORS1 = EA* ALONE POSSESSES ! CORRECT 9T]PRETATION ( ! ,DOGMA4 ,F> BE IT FROM ME TO AW>D C]TIFICATES ( AU!NTIC M>XISM 7LET !M WORK IT \T AMONG !MSELVES71 BUT ,I CAN AT LEA/ TRY TO %[ 7\T ( DUTY1 NOT PLEASURE7 ?AT !IR SECT>IAN QU>RELS RILE UP ! SAME P>I%1 & ?AT ! M>XISM ( ONE IS NOT WOR? MORE ?AN ! M>XISM ( ANO!R4 

,MEILLASS\X1 = EXAMPLE1 IS SAID TO BE ONE ( ! GREAT ?9K]S 7?9K]S67 ( M>XI/ AN?ROPOLOGY4 ,9 ?IS P>TICUL> CASE ,I AM SP>$ A LOT ( T$IUM ?ANKS TO ! DETAIL$ ANALYSIS ?AT ,A4 ,ADL] DEVOT$ TO A REC5T BOOK BY ,MEILLASS\X4 .<#a.> 

,ADL]'S REVIEW IS S]I\S1 CONCISE1 & MORE ?AN ATT5TIVE 7,ADL]1 LIKE ,MEILLASS\X -- OR RA!R1 UNLIKE HIM -- IS A SPECIALI/ ON ,AFRICA74 ,A M>XI/ ?9K] %\LD BE PR\D & GRATEFUL = SO CONSCI5TI\S A READ]1 BUT ?IS IS NOT ! CASE4 ,MEILLASS\X C\NT]S ! V]Y REASONABLE OBJECTIONS ( ,ADL] 7:O DE/ROYS1 AS ONE MI<T EXPECT1 ! 5T]PRISE ( ! AU?OR7 ) AN ANSW] .<#b.> ?AT CAN BE SUMM>IZ$ EASILY3 ?OSE :O DO NOT AGREE ) M>XI/ AN?ROPOLOGY >E SUPPORT]S ( ,P9O*ET4 88888884 .<#c.> 

,BRIEF1 BUT CLE>3 A PLAGUE ON DIFF]5T %ADES ( OP9ION1 :5 ONE IS ! HI< & MI<TY PROTECTOR ( ! DOCTR9E6 ,MEILLASS\X IS SIMIL> TO ! TRADITIONAL 9TEGRI/S .<#d.> 9 ! ,CA?OLIC ,*UR*2 DEEP D[N 9SIDE !RE IS A /REAK ( ,MONSEIGNEUR ,LEFEBVRE -- SAME HIDEB\ND FANATICISM1 SAME 9CURABLE ALL]GY TO D\BT4 ,H>MLESS PUPPETS >E MADE ( ! SAME /UFF1 TO BE SURE1 BUT :5 9 P[] & C>RY+ ! NAME ,VY%9SKY1 !Y CAN BE MORE ?AN A LITTLE DISCONC]T+4 ,(F TO ! ,GULAG1 UNBELIEV]S1 :]E Y\'LL LE>N H[ PRODUCTION RELATIONS DOM9ATE PRIMITIVE SOCIAL LIFE6 ,9 ANY EV5T ,MEILLASS\X IS NOT ALONE1 & IT W\LD BE UNJU/ TO IMPLY ?AT HE HAS A MONOPOLY ON AN?ROPOLOGICAL M>XISM4 ,= ! SAKE ( FAIRNESS HIS COLLEAGUES %\LD NOT BE D5I$ ! /&+ !Y DES]VE4 

,GODELI]1 = EXAMPLE1 HAS ACQUIR$ A CONSID]ABLE REPUTATION 79 L[] ,RUE ,T\RNON7 AS A M>XI/ ?9K]4 ,HIS M>XISM ATTRACTS ATT5TION BECAUSE IT SEEMS MORE ECUM5ICAL & RA!R LESS CO>SE ?AN ,MEILLASS\X'S4 ,! T]M = ,GODELI] IS CLOSET RADICAL-SOCIALI/ -- R$ ON ! \TSIDE1 :ITE ON ! 9SIDE -- BUT444 OPPORTUNI/IC8 ,%AME ON HIM6 ,H]E IS A V]ITABLE A?LETE ( ! ?\<T1 HAV+ UND]TAK5 ! SYN!SIS ( /RUCTURALISM & M>XISM2 & HIS FLITT+ FROM ,M>X TO ,LEVI-,/RAUSS MU/ BE SE5 TO BE BELIEV$ 7FLITT+6444 AS IF IT W]E A Y\NG BIRD UND] DISCUSSION & NOT A LUMB]+ ELEPHANT74 

,LET US ?UMB ?R\< HIS LATE/ BOOK .<#e.>1 ESPECIALLY ! 0,PREFACE TO ! ,SECOND ,$ITION0 -- A PA/IME1 BY ! WAY1 ?AT AF=DS LITTLE PLEASURE4 ,/YLE 9DE$ IS ! MAN2 ?IS P>TICUL> /YLE IS NOT EXACTLY ,PR\/IAN 7,GODELI] CLE>LY IS NOT AMONG ?OSE :O COVET 5TRANCE 9TO ! ,FR5* ,ACADEMY72 & TO CUT A LONG /ORY %ORT1 HIS CONCLUSION IS A BIT MIX$-UP4 ,HE EXPLA9S ?AT 7#a7 ,LE=T & ,I PROBE ! ORIG9S ( ! ,/ATE 9 \R WORK ON ,LA ,BOETIE 7WE DO NO SU* ?+7 2 7#b7 ,DELEUZE & ,GUATT>I HAD ALREADY DEALT ) ?IS QUE/ION 9 ,ANTI-,O$IPUS2 BUT 7#c7 !IR REM>KS 0W]E PROBABLY 9SPIR$ BY ,CLA/RES0 7NOTE #c1 P4 #b#e74 ,N[ TRY TO MAKE HEADS OR TAILS ( ?AT4 ,GODELI] IS 9 ANY CASE HONE/1 AS HE ADMITS ?AT HE UND]/&S NO?+ ( :AT HE READS -- HIS QUOTATIONS >E SPANGL$ ) QUE/ION M>KS & EXCLAMATION PO9TS4 ,GODELI]1 = EXAMPLE1 DOES NOT LIKE ! CATEGORY ( 0DESIRE01 :I* PROBABLY1 9 TURN1 C>ES LITTLE = ! CATEGORY ( 0,GODELI]04 ,IT W\LD BE A WA/E ( TIME1 BECAUSE HE W\LDN'T UND]/&1 TO TRY & EXPLA9 TO HIM ?AT :AT ,LE=T & ,I ID5TIFY UND] ?IS T]M HAS LITTLE TO DO ) :AT ,DELEUZE & ,GUATT>I MEAN BY IT4 ,BUT MOV+ ON1 !SE IDEAS >E SUSPECT TO HIM ANYWAY BECAUSE ! ,B\RGEOISIE APPLAUDS !M1 & HE IS DO+ EV]Y?+ 9 HIS P[] 0TO 5SURE ?AT ! B\RGEOISIE REMA9S ALONE TO APPLAUD !M04 

,GODELI]1 HIMSELF1 IS APPLAUD$ BY ! PROLET>IAT4 ,:AT OVATIONS HIS PR\D REM>KS DRAW FROM ! WORK+-CLASS SUBURB ( ,BILLANC\RT6 ,DECID$LY1 !RE IS SOME?+ T\*+ 7& UNEXPECT$7 9 ,GODELI]'S ASCETIC RUPTURE ) ! UNIV]SITIES ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 !IR POMP & VANITY1 C>E]S1 OPUSES1 & PROMOTIONS4 ,A REAL ,SA9T ,PAUL ( ! HUMAN SCI5CES2 AM54 ,NONE!LESS1 ! READ] GR[S IMPATI5T = SOME?+ O!R ?AN CLUMSY TWADDLE -- ,GODELI] MU/ HAVE AN IDEA FROM TIME TO TIME6 ,BUT ,GODELI]'S POND]\S M>XI/ RHETORIC MAKES IT V]Y H>D TO F9D HIS IDEAS2 ASIDE FROM QUOTATIONS FROM ,M>X & ! ODD PLATITUDE ?AT ANY ( US MI<T LET SLIP 9 A RELAX$ MOM5T1 !RE IS NOT A :OLE LOT LEFT4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ,GODELI] IS WILL+ 5\<1 & 9 HIS 0,=EWORD0 TO ! FIR/ $ITION & HIS 0,PREFACE0 TO ! SECOND1 ?IS PA*YD]M 9VE/$ CONSID]ABLE EF=T4 ,SETT+ SAIL ON A REAL 0VOYAGE01 AS HE HIMSELF SAYS1 \R D>+ NAVIGATOR COV]$ OCEANS ( CONCEPTS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 HE DISCOV]$ ?AT ! REPRES5TATIONS ( PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES 7RELIGIONS1 MY?S1 ETC47 BELONG TO ! FIELD ( IDEOLOGY4 ,AT ?IS PO9T WE %\LD CONSULT1 AS ,GODELI] DID NOT1 ,M>X'S [N WRIT+S ON ! SUBJECT4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,M>X1 IDEOLOGY IS ! DISC\RSE ( A DIVID$ SOCIETY1 /RUCTUR$ >\ND SOCIAL CONFLICT1 ON ITSELF1 :OSE MISSION IS TO MASK DIVISION & CONFLICT & TO GIVE ! APPE>ANCE ( SOCIAL HOMOG5EITY4 ,9 A WORD1 IDEOLOGY IS LY+4 ,GODELI] SEEMS NOT TO BE AW>E ?AT = IDEOLOGY TO EXI/ !RE MU/ BE1 AT ! V]Y LEA/1 SOCIAL DIVISION4 ,9 :I* CASE H[ W\LD HE KN[ ?AT1 ACCORD+ TO ,M>X1 IDEOLOGY IS A MOD]N PH5OM5ON1 APPE>+ 9 ! SIXTE5? C5TURY ALONGSIDE ! BIR? ( ! MOD]N DEMOCRATIC ,/ATE8 ,GODELI]'S HEAD IS NOT 5CUMB]$ ) A KN[L$GE ( HI/ORY -- = HIM1 IDEOLOGY EMBRACES RELIGION1 MY?S1 & PROBABLY IDEAS TOO1 & HE BELIEVES ?AT EV]YONE IS ( ! SAME OP9ION4 

,H[EV]1 IT IS NOT 9 PRIMITIVE SOCIETY ?AT RELIGION IS IDEOLOGY1 BUT MORE LIKELY 9 ,GODELI]'S [N HEAD1 :]E 9DUBITABLY HIS RELIGION IS M>XI/ IDEOLOGY4 ,HIS M5TION ( IDEOLOGY 9 CONNECTION ) PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES -- UNDIVID$1 CLASSLESS SOCIETIES :OSE V]Y NATURE EXCLUDES ! POSSIBILITY ( IDEOLOGY -- DEMON/RATES ?AT FIR/1 HE IS UNCONC]N$ AB\T GETT+ ,M>X /RAI<T & SECOND1 HE DOES NOT UND]/& A ?+ AB\T PRIMITIVE SOCIETY4 ,NEI!R M>XI/ NOR E?NOLOGI/ -- A MA/] /ROKE6 

,LOGICALLY1 HIS 0IDEOLOGICAL0 CONCEPTION ( PRIMITIVE RELIGION %\LD LEAD HIM TO DET]M9E ?AT MY?S >E ! OPIUM ( ! SAVAGE2 BUT DO NOT PU% HIM1 HE IS DO+ HIS BE/1 & HE WILL GET !RE SOON] OR LAT]4 ,IF ,GODELI]'S LOGIC IS 9EXI/5T1 !N HIS VOCABUL>Y IS POV]TY-/RICK54 ,\R VIGOR\S M\NTA9E] W5T /UMBL+ AB\T ! ,&ES 7PP4 #b#a-#b#b7 & DISCOV]$ ?AT ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! DOM9ANT CA/E ( ! ,9CAS & ! OM9AT$ PEASANTRY WAS ONE ( UNEQUAL EX*ANGE 7:AT'S MORE1 IT IS ,GODELI] :O ITALICIZES74 ,:]E DID HE DIG ?AT UP8 ,SO1 !RE IS AN UNEQUAL EX*ANGE BETWE5 ,MA/] & ,SUBJECT1 & BY EXT5SION BETWE5 CAPITALI/ & WORK]8 ,! NAME = ?AT IS CORPORATISM 7,GODELI] -- ,SALAZ>1 0ONE & ! SAME /RUGGLE0874 ,:O W\LD HAVE IMAG9$ ?AT 9 ,GODELI]'S VOCABUL>Y ! SIMPLE WORD 0!FT01 OR 9 M>XI/ T]M9OLOGY1 0EXPLOITATION01 W\LD BE REPLAC$ BY ! T]M 0UNEQUAL EX*ANGE06 

,:5 ONE TRIES TO BE BO? /RUCTURALI/ 7EX*ANGE & RECIPROCITY7 & M>XI/ 79EQUALITY7 AT ! SAME TIME1 ONE 5DS UP BE+ NEI!R4 ,GODELI] FA/5S ! CATEGORY ( EX*ANGE -- :I* ONLY MAKES S5SE 9 PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES1 ?AT IS1 SOCIETIES ( ,EQUALS -- ONTO SOCIETIES DIVID$ 9TO CLASSES1 /RUCTUR$ ON 9EQUALITY4 ,EV]Y?+ IS F\L$ UP1 & REACTION>Y 7:AT ELSE87 BALD]DA% IS ! RESULT3 RELIGION CRAMM$ 9TO IDEOLOGY1 EX*ANGE TACK$ ONTO 9EQUALITY4 

,= ,GODELI]1 EV]Y?+ IS 9 KEEP+ ) HIS IDEOLOGY4 ,9 ,AU/RALIA HIS DISCRIM9AT+ M9D NOTIC$ ?AT 0K9%IP RELATIONS >E EQUALLY PRODUCTION RELATIONS1 & CON/ITUTE ! ECONOMIC /RUCTURE0 P4#i1 IT IS AGA9 ,GODELI] :O ITALICIZES74 ,WAIT A M9UTE1 PRODUCTION SNEAK$ 9 !RE AGA96 ,N[1 ! ABOVE PROPOSITION HAS NO CONT5T :ATSOEV]1 UNLESS IT MEANS ?AT ! PRODUCTION RELATIONS 9 QUE/ION >E E/ABLI%$ ) RELATIVES4 ,DOES ,GODELI] WANT !M TO BE E/ABLI%$ ) 5EMIES P]HAPS8 ,ANY BUDD+ E?NOLOGI/ KN[S ?AT ALL SOCIAL RELATIONS1 \TSIDE ( W>1 >E E/ABLI%$ ) RELATIVES2 BUT ,GODELI] ! M>XI/ HAS SOME?+ MORE ?AN ?IS TRIVIALITY TO COMMUNICATE4 ,HE W\LD LIKE TO SL$GEHAMM] ! M>XI/ CATEGORIES ( PRODUCTION RELATIONS1 PRODUCTIVE =CES1 & DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES 9TO PRIMITIVE SOCIETY -- :]E !Y >E MEAN+LESS4 ,M\?+ ! SAME TIRESOME WOOD5 LANGUAGE %>$ BY ALL M>XI/S1 HE NEV]!LESS KEEPS ON CL++ TO /RUCTURALISM3 PRIMITIVE SOCIETY "7 K9%IP RELATIONS "7 PRODUCTION RELATIONS4 88888884 

,FIR/ A REM>K ON ! CATEGORY ( PRODUCTION4 ,MORE COMPET5T & ATT5TIVE TO FACTS ?AN ,GODELI] 7NO GREAT FEAT 9 ITSELF71 SPECIALI/S 9 PRIMITIVE ECONOMY CONC]N$ MORE BY E?NOLOGY ?AN CATE*ISMS1 SU* AS ! ,AM]ICAN ,M>%ALL ,SAHL9S OR ,JACQUES ,LIZOT H]E 9 ,FRANCE1 HAVE E/ABLI%$ ?AT PRIMITIVE SOCIETY FUNCTIONS PRECISELY AS A MA*9E ( ANTI-PRODUCTION4 ,!Y HAVE %[N ?AT ! DOME/IC MODE ( PRODUCTION ALWAYS OP]ATES B5EA? ITS POSSIBILITIES & ?AT !RE >E NO PRODUCTION RELATIONS BECAUSE !RE IS NO PRODUCTION1 ?IS LATT] BE+ A S\RCE ( LITTLE WORRY TO PRIMITIVE SOCIETY 7CF4 0,PREFACE0 TO ,M4 ,SAHL9S .<#f.>74 

,NATURALLY1 ,GODELI] -- :OSE M>XISM IS PLA9LY ( ! SAME /RIPE AS HIS ,M>X ,BRO!RS COMPETITOR1 ,MEILLASS\X -- CANNOT GIVE UP ,HOLY ,PRODUCTION = FE> ( BANKRUPTCY & UNEMPLOYM5T4 ,/ILL1 HE IS A GOOD-NATUR$ FELL[1 FULL ( VIGOR1 :O ) ALL ! GOOD-NATUR$NESS ( A BULLDOZ] FLATT5S E?NOGRAPHIC FACTS UND] ! DOCTR9E ?AT PROVIDES HIS ROOM & BO>D1 & :O HAS ! N]VE1 ON TOP ( ?AT1 TO CALL O!RS TO ACC\NT = HAV+ 0A TOTAL CONTEMPT = ANY FACT ?AT /&S 9 !IR WAY0 7P4 #b#d74 ,HE KN[S :AT HE IS TALK+ AB\T1 ! WAG4 ,SECONDLY1 A WORD ON K9%IP4 ,A M>XI/1 ALBEIT /RUCTURALI/1 CANNOT COMPREH5D K9%IP RELATIONS4 ,! PURPOSE ( A K9%IP SY/EM1 PUPIL ,GODELI]1 IS TO CREATE K91 & ! PURPOSE ( K9 IS SURELY NOT TO PRODUCE ANY?+ AT ALL2 RA!R1 ITS PURPOSE1 UNTIL NEW ORD]S1 IS TO C>RY ! FAMILY NAME4 ,H]E LIES ! PR9CIPAL SOCIOLOGICAL FUNCTION ( K9%IP 9 PRIMITIVE SOCIETY1 & NOT 9 CODIFY+ ! PROHIBITION ( 9CE/4 ,NO D\BT ,I C\LD BE CLE>]1 BUT = ! SAKE ( SUSP5SE ,I WILL LIMIT MYSELF TO SAY+ ?AT ! ACT ( NAM+1 9SCRIB$ 9 K9%IP1 DET]M9ES ! :OLE SOCIO-POLITICAL BE+ ( PRIMITIVE SOCIETY4 ,H]E IS ! KNOT1 WAIT+ TO BE UNTI$1 ?AT B9DS K9%IP TO SOCIETY1 & IF ,GODELI] MANAGES TO LOOS5 IT A LITTLE HE %\LD RECEIVE A FREE SUBSCRIPTION TO ,LIBRE4 

,GODELI]'S 0,PREFACE TO ! ,SECOND ,$ITION0 IS A REAL >TI/'S B\QUET1 MADE UP ( ! MO/ EXQUISITE FL[]S4 ,LET US PICK ONE ( !M3 0,BECAUSE -- & MANY >E UNAW>E ( ?IS -- !RE HAVE EXI/$1 & /ILL EXI/1 NUM]\S SOCIETIES DIVID$ 9TO ORD]S OR CA/ES OR CLASSES1 9TO EXPLOIT]S & EXPLOIT$1 :O NONE!LESS >E UNACQUA9T$ ) ! ,/ATE40 ,FIR/ (F1 :Y BE SECRETIVE AB\T ! LITTLE DETAIL ( :I* SOCIETIES1 EXACTLY1 HE HAS 9 M9D8 ,NEXT1 :AT PRECISELY CAN ! ,/ATE BE = ,GODELI]1 :O PLA9LY SEES ! EXI/5CE ( SOCIAL DIVISIONS )\T ! ,/ATE1 & = :OM ! DIVISION 9TO DOM9AT+ & DOM9AT$ DOES NOT 9 ! LEA/ IMPLY ! ,/ATE8 ,IT IS TRULY HE>TW>M+1 ?\< ?IS IS NO PLACE = EMOTIONAL DEMON/RATIONS1 TO MEET SU* BACKWOODS 9NOC5CE1 9 :I* ! ,/ATE IS P]CEIV$ AS M9I/RIES1 ! ,:ITE ,H\SE1 & ! ,KREML94 ,BUT ,GODELI] =GETS SOME?+1 ! ?+ ?AT M>XI/S DO !IR BE/ TO =GET :5 !Y CONTROL ! ,/ATE APP>ATUS -- ?AT ! ,/ATE IS ! EX]CISE ( POLITICAL P[]4 ,ONE CANNOT IMAG9E P[] )\T ! ,/ATE1 NOR ! ,/ATE )\T P[]4 

,9 O!R WORDS1 :5 WE SEE ONE P>T ( SOCIETY EX]CIS+ P[] OV] ! RE/1 WE /& BE=E A DIVID$ SOCIETY1 A ,/ATE SOCIETY 7EV5 IF ! .<,ILLEGIBLE 9 MANUSCRIPT 7TR4 NOTE74.> ( ! ,DESPOT IS NOT V]Y L>GE74 ,SOCIAL DIVISION 9TO DOM9AT+ & DOM9AT$ IS POTITICAL ?R\< & ?R\<1 = IT SPLITS PEOPLE 9TO ,MA/]S ( P[] & ,SUBJECTS ( P[]4 ,I HAVE %[N ELSE:]E ?AT ECONOMY1 TRIBUTE1 DEBT1 & ALI5AT$ LABOR APPE> AS ! SIGNS & EFFECTS ( POLITICAL DIVISION :5 PLOTT$ >\ND AN AXIS ( P[] 7& ,GODELI]1 = EXAMPLE SEE P4 #b#b1 WAS NOT LONG TO AVAIL HIMSELF ( IT -- )\T GIV+ CR$IT1 ! LITTLE RASCAL444 ,AS ,KANT SAID1 !RE >E SOME :O DO NOT LIKE PAY+ !IR DEBTS74 ,PRIMITIVE SOCIETY IS UNDIVID$ BECAUSE IT DOES NOT HAVE A SEP>ATE ORGAN ( POLITICAL P[]4 ,SOCIAL DIVISION LEADS1 FIR/ ( ALL1 TO ! SEP>ATION BETWE5 SOCIETY & ! .<,ILLEGIBLE 9 MANUSCRIPT 7TR4 NOTE74.> ORGAN ( P[]4 ,!RE=E1 EV]Y NONPRIMITIVE 7I4E41 DIVID$7 SOCIETY C>RIES ! MORE-OR-LESS DEVELOP$ CONFIGURATION ( ! ,/ATE )9 IT4 ,:5 !RE >E MA/]S1 SUBJECTS1 & DEBT1 WE CAN SAY ?AT P[] & ! ,/ATE EXI/4 ,( C\RSE1 BETWE5 ! M9IMAL CONFIGURATION ( ! ,/ATE AS EMBODI$ BY C]TA9 ,POLYNESIAN1 ,AFRICAN1 OR O!R ROYALTIES1 & QUITE /ATI/ =MS ( ! ,/ATE 7TI$ PELL-MELL TO DEMOGRAPHY1 ! URBAN PH5OM5ON1 ! DIVISION ( LABOR1 WRIT+1 ETC471 !RE EXI/ CONSID]ABLE DEGREES 9 ! 9T5SITY ( ! P[] EX]CIS$ & ! OPPRESSION SUFF]$1 ! HI<E/ DEGREE BE+ ATTA9$ BY ! K9D ( P[] ?AT ,FASCI/S & ,COMMUNI/S PUT 9TO PLACE1 :]E ,/ATE P[] IS TOTAL & OPPRESSION ABSOLUTE4 ,BUT !RE IS AN IRR$UCIBLE C5TRAL PO9T TO BE MADE H]E3 ONE CANNOT CONCEIVE ( DIVID$ SOCIETY )\T ! PRES5CE ( ! ,/ATE ANY MORE ?AN CONCEIVE ( UNDIVID$ SOCIETY )\T ! ABS5CE ( ! ,/ATE2 & SPECULATION ON ! ORIG9S ( 9EQUALITY1 SOCIAL DIVISION1 CLASSES1 & DOM9ATION1 IS SPECULATION 9 ! FIELD ( POLITICS1 P[]1 & ! ,/ATE1 & NOT 9 ! FIELD ( ECONOMY1 PRODUCTION1 ETC4 ,ECONOMY IS BEGOT FROM POLITICS1 PRODUCTION RELATIONS COME FROM P[] RELATIONS1 & CLASSES >E 5G5D]$ BY ! ,/ATE4 

,N[1 HAV+ TAK5 9 ?IS CL[N %[1 LET US TACKLE ! IMPORTANT QUE/ION3 :AT DOES ! M>XI/ \TLOOK SIGNIFY 9 T]MS ( AN?ROPOLOGY8 ,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ?IS >TICLE ,I SPOKE ( ! RADICAL NULLITY ( M>XI/ E?NOLOGY 7DE> READ]1 IT IS $IFY+ TO P]USE ! WORKS ( ,MEILLASS\X1 ,GODELI]1 & ,COMPANY74 ,RADICAL3 I4E41 FROM ! />T4 ,SU* AN \TLOOK IS NOT A SCI5TIFIC \TLOOK -- CONC]N$ ) ! TRU? -- BUT A PURELY IDEOLOGICAL \TLOOK -- CONC]N$ ) POLITICAL EFFECTIV5ESS4 ,TO HELP CL>IFY ?IS QUE/ION1 WE %\LD MAKE A DI/9CTION BETWE5 ,M>X'S ?\<T & M>XISM2 =1 ALONG ) ,BAKUN91 ,M>X WAS ! FIR/ TO CRITICIZE M>XISM4 ,M>X'S ?\<T WAS A GR&IOSE ATTEMPT 7SOMETIMES SUCCESSFUL1 SOMETIMES NOT7 TO SET =? & EXPLA9 ! SOCIETY ( HIS TIME 7,WE/]N CAPITALISM7 & ! HI/ORY ?AT BR\<T IT UP TO DATE4 .<#g.> 

,CONTEMPOR>Y M>XISM IS AN IDEOLOGY AT ! S]VICE ( A POLITICAL L9E4 ,SO MU* SO ?AT M>XI/S HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) ,M>X1 & !Y >E ! FIR/ TO ADMIT IT4 ,:5 ,GODELI] & ,MEILLASS\X CALL EA* O!R PSEUDOM>XI/ IMPO/ORS1 !Y >E ABSOLUTELY CORRECT1 ! ONE & ! O!R >E RI<T4 

,!Y TAKE %AMELESS REFUGE 9 ,M>X'S BE>D1 ! BETT] TO UNLOAD !IR W>ES2 A BEAUTIFUL CASE ( FALSE ADV]TIS+4 ,H[EV]1 IT WILL TAKE MORE ?AN A .<,ILLEGIBLE 9 MANUSCRIPT 7TR4 NOTE7.> TO DISGRACE ,M>X4 

,PO/-,M>XIAN M>XISM HAS NOT ONLY BECOME A DOM9ANT IDEOLOGY 9 ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T1 BUT HAS BECOME ITS PR9CIPAL 5EMY AS WELL1 & HAS SET ITSELF UP AS ! MO/ >ROGANT =M ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY'S WOR/ /UPIDITY3 SCI5TISM4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 CONTEMPOR>Y M>XISM 9/ITUTES ITSELF AS ! SCI5TIFIC \TLOOK ON HI/ORY & SOCIETY1 AS AN \TLOOK SETT+ =? LAWS ( HI/ORICAL MOVEM5T1 LAWS = ! TRANS=MATION ( SOCIETIES -- ONE SOCIETY BEGETT+ ANO!R4 ,?US M>XISM CAN HAVE SOME?+ TO SAY AB\T EV]Y TYPE ( SOCIETY BECAUSE IT IS ACQUA9T$ ) EA* ONE'S OP]AT+ PR9CIPLES BE=EH&2 FUR!RMORE1 M>XISM MU/ HAVE SOME?+ TO SAY AB\T EV]Y TYPE ( POSSIBLE OR REAL SOCIETY1 BECAUSE ! UNIV]SALITY ( ! LAWS ?AT M>XISM DISCOV]S WILL /& = NO EXCEPTIONS4 ,O!RWISE1 ! DOCTR9E1 9 ITS 5TIRETY1 CRA%ES TO ! GR\ND4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 9 ORD] TO MA9TA9 ! COH]5CE & ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( M>XISM1 IT IS IMP]ATIVE = M>XI/S TO =MULATE ! M>XI/ CONCEPTION ( PRIMITIVE SOCIETY1 TO E/ABLI% A M>XI/ AN?ROPOLOGY4 ,)\T ?IS1 ! M>XI/ !ORY ( HI/ORY W\LD ONLY BE ! ANALYSIS ( A P>TICUL> SOCIETY 7N9ETE5?-C5TURY CAPITALISM71 ELABORAT$ BY SOMEONE NAM$ ,M>X4 

,9 ?IS WAY M>XI/S >E CAU<T 9 A TRAP SET BY !IR [N M>XISM1 & !RE IS REALLY NO O!R WAY \T -- PRIMITIVE SOCIAL FACTS MU/ BE SUBMITT$ TO ! SAME RULES ( OP]ATION & TRANS=MATION AS ?OSE ?AT GOV]N O!R SOCIAL =MATIONS4 ,TWO SY/EMS ( WEI<TS & MEASURES >E \T ( ! QUE/ION H]E4 ,IF !RE >E LAWS ( HI/ORY1 !Y MU/ BE AS LAWFUL AT ! BEG9N+ ( HI/ORY 7PRIMITIVE SOCIETY7 AS DUR+ ! RE/ ( ITS C\RSE3 ONE WEI<T & MEASURE ALONE4 ,H[ DO M>XI/S MEASURE SOCIAL FACTS8 -- ) ECONOMICS4 .<#h.> 

,M>XISM IS AN ECONOMIC \TLOOK1 IT PULLS ! SOCIAL BODY D[N ONTO ! ECONOMIC 9FRA/RUCTURE4 ,SOCIAL IS ECONOMIC1 SO M>XI/ AN?ROPOLOGI/S FEEL OBLIG$ TO CLAMP -- ) =CEPS1 SAYS ,ADL] -- ! CATEGORIES ?AT !Y ?9K WORK ELSE:]E ONTO ! PRIMITIVE SOCIAL BODY3 PRODUCTION1 PRODUCTION RELATIONS1 DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES1 EXPLOITATION1 ETC4 ,& SO IT IS ?AT ELD]S EXPLOIT ! Y\NG 7SEE ,MEILLASS\X71 & ?AT K9%IP RELATIONS >E PRODUCTION RELATIONS 7SEE ,GODELI]7 4 

,LET US NOT GO OV] & OV] ?IS NONS5SE4 ,! IMPORTANT ?+ IS TO %$ LI<T ON ! MILITANT OBSCURANTISM ( M>XI/ AN?ROPOLOGI/S4 ,BRAZ5LY1 !Y WAT] D[N ! FACTS1 TRAMPLE !M UND]FOOT1 GR9D !M UP UNTIL NO?+ IS LEFT2 !Y SUB/ITUTE IDEOLOGY = ! REALITY ( SOCIAL FACTS4 ,MEILLASS\X1 ,GODELI]1 & !IR SORT >E ! ,LYS5KO'S ( ! HUMAN SCI5CES4 ,!IR IDEOLOGICAL FR5ZY & !IR DET]M9ATION TO TURN E?NOLOGY UPSIDE D[N WILL BE C>RI$ ?R\< TO ! LOGICAL CONCLUSION3 ! PURE & SIMPLE SUPPRESSION ( PRIMITIVE SOCIETY AS A SPECIFIC SOCIETY & AS AN 9DEP5D5T SOCIAL BE+4 ,ACCORD+ TO M>XI/ LOGIC1 PRIMITIVE SOCIETY JU/ CANNOT EXI/1 & HAS NO RI<T TO AN AUTONOM\S EXI/5CE2 ITS BE+ IS ONLY DET]M9$ 9 T]MS ( :AT WILL COME LONG AFT] IT1 9 T]MS ( ITS OBLIGATORY FUTURE4 ,M>XI/S PROCLAIM LE>N$LY ?AT PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES >E ONLY PRECAPITALI/ SOCIETIES4 ,!RE=E1 ! SOCIAL MODE ( ORGANIZATION ?AT ALL ( HUMANITY %>$ = T5S ( ?\S&S ( YE>S IS .<,ILLEGIBLE 9 MANUSCRIPT 7TR4 NOTE74.> = M>XI/S4 

,= !M1 PRIMITIVE SOCIETY EXI/S ONLY 9S(> AS IT IS GRAFT$ ONTO ! =M ( SOCIETY ?AT MADE ITS FIR/ APPE>ANCE ONLY AT ! 5D ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY -- CAPITALISM4 ,BE=E ?AT1 NO?+ C\NTS1 EV]Y?+ IS PRECAPITALI/4 ,!SE FELL[S SURE DO NOT COMPLICATE !IR [N EXI/5CE2 :AT A BREEZE BE+ A M>XI/6 ,WORK+ BACKW>DS FROM CAPITALISM1 EV]Y?+ CAN BE EXPLA9$1 BECAUSE >M$ ) ! CORRECT DOCTR9E A M>XI/ HOLDS ! KEY ?AT OP5S ! DOOR TO CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 & ?US OP5S ! DOOR TO ALL SOCIAL =MATIONS4 ,= M>XISM 9 G5]AL1 ECONOMICS .<MEASURE.> SOCIETY1 & = ! E?NOM>XI/S :O GO EV5 FUR!R1 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY MEASURES PRIMITIVE SOCIETY4 88888884 ,N[ COMP>E1 ON ! O!R H&1 ,MONTAIGNE1 ,LA ,BOETIE1 OR ,R\SSEAU1 :O ALL POSE ! QUE/ION DIFF]5TLY & TRY TO JUDGE :AT CAME AFT] 9 T]MS ( :AT CAME BE=E4 ,:AT AB\T PO/PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES8 ,:Y DID 9EQUALITY1 SOCIAL DIVISION1 SEP>ATE P[]1 & ! ,/ATE APPE>8 

,AT ?IS PO9T ONE MI<T WOND] H[ ! :OLE FI%Y BUS9ESS IS ABLE TO KEEP ON ATTRACT+ CU/OM]S -- :I* IT DOES1 DESPITE A REC5T DECL9E4 ,ONE CAN V5TURE1 AT LEA/1 ?AT !SE CU/OM]S 7M>XI/ LI/5]S & READ]S7 >E NOT OV]LY P>TICUL> AB\T ! QUALITY ( ! PRODUCTS !Y CONSUME4 ,!Y WILL HAVE TO *EW :AT !Y HAVE BITT5 (F1 AN UN5VIABLE PROSPECT 9DE$2 BUT TO LEAVE IT AT ?AT W\LD BE BO? CRUEL & TOO EASY A RESPONSE4 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 BY DECLAIM+ AGA9/ ! E?NOM>XI/ 5T]PRISE1 A FEW ADDICTS CAN BE PREV5T$ FROM GO+ TO !IR DEA?S 9 A /ATE ( 9TOXICATION 7?IS K9D ( M>XISM IS ! OPIUM ( ! POOR-WITT$74 ,H[EV]1 IT W\LD BE HAPPY-GO-LUCKY1 ALMO/ IRRESPONSIBLE1 TO LIMIT ONESELF M]ELY TO ACC5TUAT+ -- IF ONE MAY SO EMPLOY ! WORD -- ! NULLITY ( A ,MEILLASS\X OR A ,GODELI]4 ,AS IS COMMON KN[L$GE1 !IR LIT]>Y \TPUT IS NOT WOR? ! PAP] IT IS WRITT5 ON1 BUT WE W\LD BE REMISS TO UND]E/IMATE ITS SIGNIFICANCE4 ,9 PO9T ( FACT1 ITS ABILITY TO SPREAD AN ,IDEOLOGY ( ! CONQUE/ ( P[] IS ! CONCEAL$ BE+ ?AT BUR/S =? FROM ! NO?+NESS ( !IR WRIT+S4 ,9 CONTEMPOR>Y ,FR5* SOCIETY1 UNIV]SITIES >E ( CONSID]ABLE IMPORTANCE2 & 9 ! UNIV]SITIES -- NOTABLY 9 ! FIELD ( HUMAN SCI5CES 7BECAUSE IT SEEMS R\<] TO BE A M>XI/ 9 MA!MATICS OR BIOLOGY7 -- ! PRES5T-DAY POLITICAL IDEOLOGY ( M>XISM IS TRY+ TO GA9 A FOO?OLD AS ! DOM9ANT IDEOLOGY4 

,9 ! OV]ALL PLAN ( ACTION \R E?NOM>XI/S PLAY A MODE/1 BUT NOT NEGLIGIBLE1 ROLE4 ,A POLITICAL DIVISION ( LABOR HAS BE5 E/ABLI%$1 & !Y C>RY \T !IR P>T ( ! G5]AL WORK ( BR++ AB\T ! TRIUMPH ( ! IDEOLOGY !Y HOLD 9 COMMON4 ,ONE ASKS ONESELF1 ON AN IMPULSE1 IF !SE >E NOT SIMPLY ,/AL9I/S ASPIR+ TO BUREAUCRATIC POSITIONS444 ,?AT W\LD EXPLA9 :Y1 AS WE HAVE ALREADY SE51 !Y LOOK SO F> D[N !IR NOSES AT PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES4 ,= !M1 PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES S]VE AS A PRETEXT = DISSEM9AT+ !IR BLOCKS ( IDEOLOGICAL GRANITE & !IR WOOD5 J>GON4 ,ACCORD+LY1 MORE IMPORTANT ?AN POK+ FUN AT !IR /UPIDITY1 WE MU/ EXPOSE !IR TRUE !AT] ( ACTIVITY3 POLITICAL CONFRONTATION 9 ITS IDEOLOGICAL DIM5SION4 ,/AL9I/S >E NOT JU/ ANY OLD BUN* \T = ! CONQUE/ ( P[]2 :AT !Y WANT IS TOTAL P[]2 ! ,/ATE ( !IR DREAMS IS A TOTALIT>IAN ,/ATE4 ,LIKE ,FASCI/S1 !Y >E 5EMIES ( 9TELLIG5CE & FRE$OM1 & CLAIM TO POSSESS TOTAL KN[L$GE 9 ORD] TO LEGITIMIZE ! EX]CISE ( TOTAL P[]4 ,ONE HAS EV]Y REASON TO DI/RU/ PEOPLE :O APPLAUD ! MASSACRES 9 ,CAMBODIA & ,E?IOPIA BECAUSE ! BUT*]S >E M>XI/S4 ,IF SOM$AY ,AM9 ,DADA PROCLAIMS HIMSELF A M>XI/ WE WILL HE> !M CRY \T1 0,HURRAH = ,DADA60 

,H]E WE FALL SIL5T1 P]HAPS SOON TO HE> BRONTOSAURS 9 ! DI/ANCE1 BELL[+ ACROSS ! /ILLNESS ( ! TWILI<T AIR4 

,! ,9COMPLEAT ,CLA/RES3 

#a#i#g#b1 ,*RONIQUE DES ,9DI5S ,GUAYCKI41 ,P>IS1 ,PLON4 

#a#i#g#d1 0,DE L'E?NOCIDE01 ,L',HOMME1 ,X,I,V 7#c-#d74 

#a#i#g#d1 ,LA SOCIETE CONTRE L',ETAT1 ,P>IS1 ,M9UIT4 .<9 ,5GLI%3 ,SOCIETY ,AGA9/ ! ,/ATE1 ,NEW ,YORK1 ,URIZ51 #a#i#g#g.>4 

#a#i#g#d1 ,LE GR& P>L]3 MY!S ET *ANTS ,GU>ANIS1 ,P>IS1 ,SEUIL4 

#a#i#g#f1 0,LIB]TE1 MAL5CONTRE1 9NOMABLE0 9 ,E4 DE LA ,BOETIE1 ,LE DISC\RS DE LA S]VITUDE VOLONTAIRE1 ,P>IS1 ,PAYOT4 

#a#i#g#f1 0,LA QUE/ION DU P\VOIR DANS LES SOCIETES PRIMITIVES01 ,9T]ROGATIONS1 #g4 

#a#i#g#g1 0,>*EOLOGIE DE LA VIOL5CE3 LA GU]RE DANS LES SOCIETES PRIMITIVES01 ,LIBRE1 #a4 

#a#i#g#g1 0,MALHEUR DU GU]RI] SAUVAGE01 ,LIBRE1 #b4 

#a#i#h#b1 ,TRAVAIL F\RNI B5EVOLEM5T REM]CIEM5TS AUX ,PRESSES ,COOP]ATIVES DE ,MONTREAL 

  

.<#a.> ,CLAUDE ,MEILLASS\X1 ,FEMMES1 GR5I]S ET CAPITAUX 7,P>IS3 ,MASP]O1 #a#i#g#e74 ,ALFR$ ,ADL]1 0,L'E?NOLOGIE M>XI/E3 V]S UN N\VEL OBSCURANTISME801 ,L',HOMME1 ,OCT4 -- ,DEC4 #a#i#g#f1 ,X,V,I 7#d73 #a#a#h-#a#b#h4 

.<#b.> ,CLAUDE ,MEILLASS\X1 0,SUR DEUX CRITIQUES DE ,FEMMES1 GR5I]S ET CAPITAUX \ ,FAHR5HEIT #d#e1#e0 1 ,L',HOMME41 ,JAN4 -,M>* #a#i#g#g1 ,X,V,I,I 7#a73 #a#b#c-#a#b#h4 

.<#c.> ,RUSSIANIZATION ( 0,C'E/ COMME CA0 .<0,?AT'S ALL !RE IS TO IT0.> 7TRANSLATOR'S NOTE74 

.<#d.> ,9TEGRISM "7 DOCTR9AL T5D5CY ?AT REFUSES ANY ADAPTATION ( ! APO/OLATE OR ( SOCIAL & POLITICAL ACTION TO ! CONDITIONS ( MOD]N SOCIETY 7TR4 NOTE74 

.<#e.> ,MAURICE ,GODELI]1 ,HORIZON1 TRAJETS1 M>XI/ES 5 AN?ROPOLOGIE 7,P>IS3 ,MASP]O1 #aigg .<#bND $4.>74 

.<#f.> 0,! ,ORIG9AL ,AFFLU5T ,SOCIETY10 9 ,/ONE ,AGE ,ECONOMICS 7,*ICAGO3 ,ALD9E1 #a#i#g#b71 PP #a-#c#i 7TR4 ,NOTE74 

.<#g.> 0,LA P5SEE DE ,M>X1 C'E/ UN GR&IOSE ESSAI 7P>FOIS REUSSI1 P>FOIS RATE7 DE P5S] LA SOCIETE DE SON TEMPS 7LE CAPITALISME OCCID5TAL7 ET L'HI/OIRE QUI L'AVAIT MIZE A JOR40 7TR4 ,NOTE74 

.<#h.> ,?IS ROOT ( M>XISM IS 9DE$ F\ND 9 ,M>X4 ,IT W\LD BE USELESS TO WANT TO SAVE HIM FROM ! M>XI/S ON ?IS PO9T1 = DID HE NOT1 9 FACT1 ALL[ HIMSELF TO WRITE 9 ,CAPITAL ?AT1 0.<QUOTE MISS+ FROM MANUSCRIPT.>0 7AU?OR'S NOTE74 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aigf 3 ,FR5* ,M>XI/S & ,!IR ,AN?ROPOLOGY -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #b#g1 #bb 3 ,FR5* ,M>XI/S & ,!IR ,AN?ROPOLOGY -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,FR5* ,M>XI/S & ,!IR ,AN?ROPOLOGY -- ,UPDAT$4 

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