,FROM ,NATIONALISM & ,BOL%EVISM TO ,AN>*ISM ,A %ORT BIOGRAPHY ( ,9DIAN AN>*I/ ,M4,P4,T4 ,A*>YA 7#a#h#h#g-#a#i#e#d7 ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,NICK ,HEA? ,TEXT 3 0,A*>YA4444IS ! MO/ SALI5T FIGURE AMONG ! ,9DIAN LIB]T>IANS4 ,HE WAS ABOVE ALL A V]Y 9=M$ CONNOISSEUR ( ,WE/]N SOCIALI/ !ORIES40 ,VICTOR ,G>CIA ,M&YAM ,PRATIVADI ,BHAYANK>A ,?IRUMALA*>YA WAS BORN >\ND #ahhg 9 ,MADRAS4 ,HE IS USUALLY REF]R$ TO AS ,M4 ,P4,T4 ,A*>YA1 OR ,P4,B ,A*>YA OR ,M4,P4,B ,A*>YA4 ,HIS FA!R ,M4 ,P4 ,N>ASIMHA ,AYANG> WAS A SUP]VISOR 9 ! ,PUBLIC ,WORKS ,DEP>TM5T4 ,HIS =EFA!RS HAD ORIG9ALLY LIV$ 9 ,MYSORE /ATE & MOV$ TO ,MADRAS /ATE4,! ,AYANG>S >E A ,BRAHM9 PRIE/ CA/E & WE> !IR HAIR LONG4 ,! FAMILY WAS HEAVILY 9VOLV$ 9 ! NATIONALI/ CAUSE4 ,A CLOSE RELATIVE1 ,M ,C ,ALAS+AP]UMAL HAD />T$ A MON?LY J\RNAL ,BRAHMAVAD91 & HIS UNCLE ,S4 ,N4 ,?IRUMALA*>YA HAD />T$ ONE HIMSELF CALL$ ,9DIA1 BECAUSE HE FELT ?AT IT WAS TOO N>R[LY FOCUS$ ON RELIGI\S & ,V$ANTIC !MES1 TO ! EXCLUSION ( POLITICS4 ,?IS WAS A WEEKLY ) ,M,P,T ON ! $ITORIAL BO>D 9 #a#i4 ,IT US$ C>TOONS1 ! FIR/ TIME !Y HAD BE5 US$ 9 ANY LANGUAGE 9 S\? ,9DIA1 :I* 5RAG$ ! ,BRITI% AU?ORITIES4 ,!Y PROCE$$ TO />T PROSECUTION AGA9/ ! PAP]4 ,! Y\NG M5 RUNN+ IT DECID$ TO %IFT IT TO ,PONDI*]RY1 A ,FR5* 5CLAVE 9 ,9DIA4 ,HE MOV$ ) IT !RE4 ,IT BECAME V]Y POPUL> & HIS UNCLE WAS ABLE TO MAKE MONEY \T ( ! PAP] & W5T ) HIS C\S9 & C[ORK] TO ,EUROPE1 LEAV+ ,M,P,T BEH9D4 ,! ,BRITI% BEGAN TO PUT PRESSURE ON ! ,FR5* TO BAN S$ITI\S LIT]ATURE 9 ,PONDI*]RY4 ,!Y ALL[$ ! ,BRITI% TO SET UP POLICE /ATIONS TO MONITOR ! NATIONALI/S4 ,BE+ COOP$ UP 9 ,PONDI*]RY L$ ,M,P,T TO DECIDE TO CUT (F HIS HAIR & MOVE TO ,COLOMBO4 ,FROM !RE HE %IPP$ TO ,FRANCE & !N MOV$ ON TO ,LONDON :]E HE MET UP ) ! ,9DIAN ,NATIONAL ,CONGRESS ACTIVI/S AT ,9DIA ,H\SE 9 ,HIK> WAS ! LEAD+ LIN$ A TRADE ( PHOTO-5GRAV+ AT ! ,L,C,C ,TRADE ,S*OOL4 ,A FEW DAYS AFT] HIS >RIVAL HE REALIZ$ ?AT ALL 9MATES ( ,9DIA ,H\SE W]E BE+ %AD[$ BY DETECTIVES4 ,A*>YA WAS US$ TO ACT AS A BOGUS 9=M] TO ,SCOTL& SO ?AT ,SAV>K> & ,V ,V ,S ,AIY> C\LD SUPPLY FALSE 9=MATION4 ,HE WAS ONE ( ?OSE :O PRACTIC$ %OOT+ AT A RANGE ON ,TOTT5HAM ,C\RT ,ROAD1 & HE BECAME A GOOD REVOLV] %OT4 ,9 #aii A NATIONALI/ ASSASS9AT$ ,SIR ,CURZON ,WYLIE1 POLITICAL AIDE DE CAMP TO ! ,SECRET>Y ( ,/ATE = ,9DIA4 ,MOD]ATE ,9DIANS ORGANIZ$ A MEET+ A FEW DAYS LAT] TO DEMON/RATE !IR LOYALTY4 ,SAV>K> & O!RS1 9CLUD+ ,M,P,T TURN$ UP & ,SAV>K> /OOD UP TO DISAGREE ) ! MOTION4 ,HE WAS PUN*$ 9 ! EYE BY ,PALM]1 A B>RI/]4 ,M,P,T IMM$IATELY /RUCK HIM OV] ! HEAD ) A /ICK4 ,BO? ,SAV>K> & ,M,P,T W]E >RE/$ BUT ,PALM] BACK$ D[N FROM PRESS+ *>GES BECAUSE HE HAD MADE ! ATTACK FIR/4 ,9 ,EUROPE1 ! ,9DIAN NATIONALI/S />T$ TRA9+ = VIOL5T ATTACKS ON ! ,BRITI% AU?ORITIES1 S5D+ !M TO BE TRA9$ BY ! ,I,R,A1 & BY ,TURKI% & ,EGYPTIAN NATIONALI/S4 ,! ,RIF ,MOORS ROSE AGA9/ ,SPANI% RULE 9 #aii & ,M,P,T WAS S5T !RE TO MAKE CONTACT BUT ! ,RIFS SUSPECT$ !M ( BE+ SPIES & !Y W]E KNOCK$ BACK4 ,FROM !RE HE W5T TO ,LISBON41 BUT H>ASSM5T !RE MEANT HE !N HAD TO GO TO ,P>IS4 ,H]E HE ASSI/$ ! FI]Y FEMALE NATIONALI/ ,BHIKAJI ,CAMA 9 PUBLI%+ H] PAP] ,B&E ,MAT>AM4 ,HE UND]TOOK ITS SMUGGL+ 9TO ,9DIA & O!R C5T]S ( ,9DIAN NATIONALISM >\ND ! WORLD4 ,9 ,P>IS HE ASSOCIAT$ ) SOCIALI/ CIRCLES & ?IS />T$ TO 9FLU5CE HIM4 ,) ,CAMA & O!RS HE P]SUAD$ SOCIALI/S TO RUN A CAMPAIGN = ,SAV>K>'S LIB]ATION4 ,) ,GUY ,ALDR$1 ,CAMA & O!RS1 ,A*>YA HELP$ =M ! ,SAV>K> ,RELEASE ,COMMITTEE 9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#a4 ,A*>YA WAS S5T TO ,B]L9 TO SPEAK TO ,9DIAN NATIONALI/S !RE & AFT] HIS RETURN SUGGE/$ ?AT ANO!R PROPAG&A PAP]1 ,TALV>1 BE SET UP 9 ,B]L94 ,HE CONT9U$ ) ! UND]GR\ND DI/RIBUTION ( ,TALV> & ,B&E ,MAT>AM4 ,9 #aiaa HE WAS S5T TO ,I/ANBUL BY ! ,P>IS ,9DIAN ,SOCIETY TO SECURE ! SUPPORT ( ,TURKI% NATIONALI/S BUT )\T SUCCESS4 ,HE COOP]AT$ ) O!R NATIONALI/S 9 ,G]MANY DUR+ ,W,W#a 9 PRODUC+ ANTI-,BRITI% LIT]ATURE ) ,G]MANY'S HELP4 ,! DEFEAT ( ! ,BRITI% AT ,GALLIPOLI 5?US$ ! NATIONALI/SS BUT ! ATTITUDE ( ! ,G]MAN & ,TURKI% GOV]NM5TS HAD AN UNSCRUPUL\S ATTITUDE TO ,9DIA'S 9DEP5D5CE4 ,A*>YA CAME TO REALIZE ?AT !Y C\LD ONLY RELY ON SOCIALI/S4 ,!Y BEGAN TO ATT5D ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,CONGRESS 9 ,/OCKHOLM4 ,!Y S5T LETT]S ( 5C\RAGEM5T TO ! ,BOL%EVIK FRACTION ( ! ,PETROGRAD ,SOVIET 9 #a#i#a#g4 ,9 ,/OCKHOLM1 ,A*>YA ) ,V4 ,*ATTOPADHYAYA CAME 9 CONTACT ) ,K4 ,M4 ,TROIONOVSKY :O ASSUR$ !M ( SUPPORT4 ,HE & ,*ATTOPADHYAYA & ,MAH5DRA ,PRATAP W5T TO ,PETROGRAD TO JO9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,PROPAG&A ,C5T] UND] ,TROIONOVSKY 9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#a#h4 ,HE & O!RS HELD TALKS ) ,L59 & W]E S5T ) ,Z4 ,SURITZ TO ,KABUL BUT HAD NO LUCK ) ! ,EMIR ,HABIBULLAH4 ,A*>YA & ,ABDUL ,RAB N[ F\ND$ ! ,9DIAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ASSOCIATION1 ,9QUILAB9-,I- ,H9D1 SEP>ATE FROM O!R NATIONALI/S1 ) ! HELP ( ,SURITZ4 ,! ,I,R,A WAS COMPOS$ MA9LY ( MILITANT ,MOSLEMS :O HAD CROSS$ TO ,TA%K5T FROM ,AFY ,COMMITTEE BUT HE FAIL$ TO 9VOLVE O!R ,9DIANS 9 O!R C\NTRIES & EV5 9 ,TA%K5T4 ,!Y OPPOS$ ! ONE P>TY COMPOSITION ( ! COMMITTEE AS !Y W]E EXCLUD$ FROM IT & FELT ?AT ,ROY WAS SUBORD9AT+ ! ,9DIAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ASSOCIATION4 ,DUR+ HIS TIME 9 ,MOSC[ BETWE5 #a#i#a#i-#a#i#b#a ,A*>YA MET & M>RI$ ! ,RUSSIAN >TI/ ,MAGDA ,NA*MAN1 :O AFT]W>DS ADD$ ,%RIMATI TO ! FRONT ( H] NAME4 ,?IS WAS HIS SECOND WIFE AS ,A*>YA HAD LEFT HIS FIR/ WIFE ?R\< AN >RANG$ M>RIAGE BY HIS FAMILY :5 HE W5T 9TO EXILE T5 YE>S BE=E4 ,H]E HE ATT5D$ ! ,SECOND & ,?IRD ,CONGRESSES ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL & H]E TOO HE MET ,M4 ,N4 ,ROY1 ONE ( ! F\ND]S ( ,9DIAN ,COMMUNISM4 ,ROY REF]S TO ,A*>YA ) AN ILL-DISGUIS$ HATR$ 9 HIS MEMOIRS1 NOT+ ?AT HE WAS 0AN AN>*I/1 IF HE WAS ANY?+40 ,NEV]!LESS AT ! BEG9N+ BO? ,ROY & ,A*>YA %>$ AN ADMIRATION = ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 :I* WAS SOON TO DISAPPE> ) ,A*>YA AS HE NOT$ CONDITIONS 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,A*>YA HAD ID5TIFI$ HIMSELF AS A ,COMMUNI/ 9 #a#i#b#a1 BUT HE REBELL$ AGA9/ ,ROY'S AUTOCRATIC HOLD OV] ! FL$G+ ,9DIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,!SE DIFF]5CES ) ,ROY DEEP5$ 9TO DIFF]5CES ) ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL ITSELF & ) ! ,SOVIET REGIME4 ,ON BEHALF ( ! ,9DIAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,ASSOCIATION HE REM>K$ ?AT3 0,WE >E NOT AGA9/ ,COMMUNISM & WE DO NOT MAKE A DI/9CTION BETWE5 A ,COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION>Y OR JU/ A REVOLUTION>Y4 ,ALL WE OBJECT TO IS =CIBLE CONV]SION TO ,COMMUNISM40 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS SUPPORT$ ,ROY4 ,ROY SAW TO IT ?AT !IR RATIONS W]E /OPP$4 ,HE & ANO!R LEAD+ ACTIVI/1 ,ABANI ,MUKH]JI1 LAUN*$ A CAMPAIGN AGA9/ !M4 ,MUKH]JI & O!RS />T$ TO MAKE FALSE /ATEM5TS ?AT ,B>Q WAS AN ,5GLI% SPY & HE WAS >RE/$4 ,A*>YA 9 A NOTE FROM ,MOSC[ ON #b#bND ,JULY #a#i#b#a1 ANALYZ$ ! POSITION ( ,ROY AS BE+ ONE ( WI%+ TO EXCLUDE NON-,COMMUNI/ ELEM5TS AMONG ! ,9DIAN REVOLUTION>IES4 ,ROY WAS ABLE TO GA9 A DOM9ANT POSITION )9 ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,B>Q & ,A*>YA W]E ?R[N \T ( ! ,ALL-,9DIA ,C5TRAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE & ACCUS$ ( BE+ ,BRITI% SPIES4 ,BO? ,ROY & ,MUKH]JI W]E 9VOLV$ 9 ?IS4 7,ROY LAT] 9 ! YE> TURN$ ON ,MUKH]JI & ACCUS$ HIM ( BE+ A ,BRITI% SPY AS A RESULT ( :I* HE WAS EXPELL$ FROM ! ,COM9T]N7 ,A*>YA ALSO WROTE TO ! ,KOM9T]N CALL+ = ! SETT+ UP ( A COMMISSION COMPRIS$ ( BO? ,COMMUNI/ & NATIONALI/ ELEM5TS4 ,A*>YA & O!R ACTIVI/S LEFT ,MOSC[ = O!R ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES4 ,BO? ,MUKH]JI & ,*ATTOPADHYAYA W]E LAT] ACCUS$ ( ESPIONAGE BY ! ,RUSSIAN SECRET POLICE & MURD]$ 9 #a#i#c#g4 ,ANO!R F\ND+ MEMB] ( ! ,9DIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ,MUZAFF> ,AHMAD NOT$ ?AT ,A*>YA & ,*ATTOPADHYAYA W]E 9 CONTACT ) AN>*I/-COMMUNI/S 9 ,FRANCE & ?AT ,A*>YA HAD 9SI/$ ON ! 9CLUSION ( AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S AT ! ,CONGRESSES ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,AHMAD NOT$ ?AT ,A*>YA EV5TUALLY REV]T$ TO HIS AN>*I/ IDEAS & DESCRIB$ HIMSELF AS AN AN>*O-SYNDICALI/1 AL?\< HE ALSO SAYS ?AT HE HAD RELATIONS ) ,TROTSKY'S ,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL 7 NOT ?AT SURPRIS+ AS A NUMB] ( AN>*I/ & C\NCIL COMMUNI/ GR\PS & 9DIVIDUALS W]E 9VOLV$ ) ! ,F,I AT ! V]Y BEG9N+74 ,A*>YA RETURN$ TO ,B]L9 9 LATE #aibb OR E>LY #a#i#b#c1 & WORK$ ) ,*ATTOPADHYAYA 9 ! (FICE ( ! ,LEAGUE ( ,OPPRESS$ ,NATIONALITIES1 :I* WAS SUPPORT$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,HE S5T POLITICAL TEXTS TO ! ,COM9T]N'S MAIL+ LI/ BACK 9 ,9DIA & APP>5TLY ON HIS [N 9ITIATIVE 9CLUD$ AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE 9 ! MAIL\TS4 ,HE WROTE TO A POLITICAL ACTIVI/ 9 ,MADRAS 9 #a#i#b#c1 SPEAK+ FAVORABLY ( ! NEWLY EM]G5T AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ,I,W,M,A :I* HE DESCRIB$ AS 0 ANTI-POLITICAL & F$]AL40 ,HE ALSO M5TION$ ! ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/ PUBLICATION ,RABOT*I ,PUT1 $IT$ BY ,MAXIMOV1 TO :I* HE WAS CONTRIBUT+ >TICLES ON ! ,9DIAN WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 ,BY #a#i#c-#a#i#c#a HE WAS 9 ,AM/]DAM & ACCORD+ TO ,9DULAL ,YAJNIK :O MET HIM !RE WORK+ ) ! 0,S*OOL ( ,AN>*I/-,SYNDICALISM0 !RE4 ,BY #aice HE F9ALLY OV]CAME HIS LONG T]M BAN FROM RETURN TO ,9DIA BY ! ,BRITI% ADM9I/RATION & W5T TO ,BOMBAY ) ,MAGDA 4 ,H]E HE EK$ \T A LIV+ AS A J\RNALI/ 9CLUD+ EITICLES :I* EV5TUALLY W]E COLLAT$ AS A BOOK ,REM9ISC5CES ( A ,REVOLUTION>Y4 ,FROM ,BOMBAY HE MADE CONTACT ) ! ,JAPANESE AN>*I/ ,TAIJI ,YAMAGA & ! ,*9ESE AN>*I/ ,LU ,JIANBO1 !N RESID+ 9 ,SI*UAN4 ,TOGE!R !Y MADE CONTACT ) ! ,C,R,I,A7,COMMISSION DE ,RELATIONS DE L',9T]NATIONALE ,AN>*I/E -- ,LIAISON ,COMMISSION ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,9T]NATIONAL7 & HE BEGAN TO CONTRIBUTE TO ,FRE$OM 9 ,LONDON1 ,TI]RA Y ,LIB]TAD 9 ,MEXICO & ,CONTRE ,C\RANT 9 ,P>IS4 ,HE APPE>S TO HAVE MADE CONTACT ) ,ALB]T ,MELTZ] & WORK$ ) HIM ON A %ORT LIV$ ,ASIAN ,PRISON]S ,AID ,COMMITTEE4 ,HE WAS ALSO 9 CONTACT ) ! ,NOR? ,EA/ ,LONDON ,AN>*I/ ,GR\P 7F\ND$ 9 #aidf & A COMPON5T ( ! ,UNION ( ,AN>*I/ ,GR\PS74 ,9 ,BOMBAY HE MADE CONTACT ) ! WEAL?Y MILL-[N] ,RAN*ODDAS ,BHAVAN ,LOTVALA1 :O HAD F9ANC$ & SPONSOR$ ! PUBLICATION ( ! FIR/ ,M>XI/ TEXTS 9 ,9DIA1 9CLUD+ ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O4,HE ALSO F9ANC$ ! ,LABOR ,PRESS :I* PR9T$ ! WEEKLY PAP] ,! ,SOCIALI/1 ONE ( ! FIR/ ,M>XI/ P]IODICALS 9 ,9DIA1 $IT$ BY ,%RIPAT ,AMRIT ,DANGE4 ,! ,LABOR ,PRESS WAS NOT N>R[ 9 ITS \TLOOK & PUBLI%$ ,KROPOTK9'S ,APPEAL TO ,! ,Y\NG 9 ITS ,SOCIALI/ ,S]IES4 ,A*>YA HAD PREVI\SLY MADE HIS ACQUA9TANCE 9 ,B]L9 9 #a#i#c-#a4 ,LOTVALA N[ HAD ! SAME 5?USIASM = LIB]T>IAN IDEAS AS ,A*>YA1 AFT] PASS+ ?R\< ,TROTSKYISM1 AL?\< HIS 9T]PRETATION ( AN>*ISM WAS SOME:AT AMBIVAL5T4 ,HE HAD E/ABLI%$ ! ,9/ITUTE ( ,9DIAN ,SOCIOLOGY A FEW YE>S BE=EH& & ,A*>YA N[ BECAME ITS SECRET>Y4 ,LIB]T>IAN T5D5CIES )9 ! ,9/ITUTE W]E /R5G!N$ BY ,A*>YA'S 9FLU5CE & WAS SE5 9 ITS /ATUTES ( #aidg & 9 ! DECISION TO *ANGE ITS NAME TO ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,SOCIALI/ ,9/ITUTE4 ,! NEW /ATUTES W]E #a4 ,TO 5C\RAGE ! 9T]E/ ( ! PEOPLE 9 LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM #b4 ,UNITE & PROPAGATE ALL NEWS & 9=MATION TO LIB]T>IAN ?\IAN MOVEM5T #e4 ,SET UP A LIBR>Y & $IT A LIB]T>IAN P]IODICAL #f1 ,ADOPT ALL MEANS :I* CAN AMLIFY & RE9=CE ! SIGNAL$ OBJECTIVES4 ,A*>YA'S 9T]E/ 9 ECONOMIC MATT]S WAS PRON\NC$ & ! ,FREE ,SOCIETY ,GR\P ( ,*ICAGO PUBLI%$ HIS WORK ,H[ ,LONG ,CAN ,CAPITALISM ,SURVIVE8 ,9 #a#i#e#a4 ,A*>YA 9CLUD$ :AT HE SAW AS /ATE CAPITALISM 9 ! ,U,S,S,R 9 ?IS WORK 4 ,HE NOT$ ?AT3 0 ,AN>*Y & ! AN>*I/S MU/ BE PREP>$ BY SCI5TIFIC & VIABLE PLANS4 ,= AN>*I/S1 AN>*Y IS ! SYNONYM ( SCI5TIFIC ECONOMY & = SU* AN ECONOMY 1 AN>*IC CONDITIONS1 ?AT IS TO SAY ! ABS5CE ( ! ,/ATE 1 >E ESS5TIAL4 ,9 CONSEQU5CE WE MU/ E/ABLI% ANECONOMIC & SOCIAL PLAN = ! GOOD ( ALL1 A PLAN ?AT MU/ BE ACCEPTABLE EV5 = ?OSE :O >E NOT AN>*I/S4 ,\R PROGRAM MU/ NOT BE PRES5T$ AS AN AN>*I/ PROGRAM1 BUT AS A PLAN ( SCI5TIFIC ECONOMY4 ,WE MU/ CONSID] AN>*ISM AS BE+ ! PRECURSOR ( SCI5TIFIC ECONOMY1 9SEP>ABLE FROM ?IS ECONOMY4444,WE HAVE NO SOLUTION & NO ONE CAN = ! GREAT ECONOMIC PROBLEM EXI/+ 9 ! WAGES SY/EM4 ,TODAY BATTLES 5GAG$ = ! RAIS+ ( WAGES S]VE = NO?+3 ! SOLE SOLUTION LIES 9 ITS ABOLITION4 ,ALL ! RE/ IS NO?+ BUT ILLUSION & DISILLUSION4 ,! TRADE UNIONI/S MU/ NOT BE LUR$ 9TO ! /RUGGLE = ! BE/ RETRIBUTIONS IF !Y WANT TO PREP>E = A SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,WE EI!R =GET ! PROBLEMS ( WAGES OR WE SUFFOCATE 9 ! CAPITALI/ & ,BOL%EVIK SWAMP40 ,9 ! #a#i#eS ,MAGDA DI$4 ,A*>YA ASK$ ,ALB]T ,MELTZ] TO PUT ON AN EXHIBITION ( H] WORKS 9 ,LONDON BUT BE=E !Y C\LD BE %IPP$ ,A*>YA DI$4 ,! >TWORKS W]E SEIZ$ BY HIS FIR/ WIFE :OM HE HAD NOT SE5 = FIFTY YE>S4 ,HE DI$ ON #b? ,M>* #ai$ 4 ,UNLIKE ,SAV>K>1 ! ,9DIAN GOV]NM5T COMPLETELY IGNOR$ ,A*>YA'S ROLE 9 ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ,9DIA & HE SP5T ! LA/ FEW YE>S ( HIS LIFE 9 ABJECT POV]TY4 ,ONLY ONE SMALL P]IODICAL ( ,AHM$ABAD SAW FIT TO SIGNAL HIS PASS+ NOT+ ?AT 0,N[ ?AT ,9DIA HAS OBTA9$ 9DEP5D5CE1 ! OLD COMBATANT = LIB]TY HAS GIV5 UP HIS LA/ GASP 9 ! MO/ COMPLETE POV]TY40 ,LOTVALA1 ALWAYS DUBI\S 9 HIS ATTITUDE TO SOCIAL AN>*ISM1 MOV$ AWAY FROM LIB]T>IAN IDEAS AFT] ! DEA? ( ,A*>YA & PROCLAIM$ HIMSELF 0A POLITICIAN 9 POLITICS & A LIB]T>IAN 9 ECONOMY40 ,HE BECAME A DISCIPLE ( ,J4 ,S4 ,MILL & MOV$ FROM ,BOMBAY TO ,DEOLALI AT ! AGE ( EIIAN ,SOCIALI/ ,9/ITUTE CONT9U$ TO FUNCTION AT LEA/ UP UNTIL #a#i#e#i4 ,9 AN >TICLE 9 ,FRE$OM 9 #ai$ ,A4,M4 7,ALB]T ,MELTZ]7 REVEAL$ ?AT HE HAD MET ,A*>YA ON ONLY TWO OCCASIONS BUT HAD E/ABLI%$ AN UN9T]RUPT$ CORRESPOND5CE ) HIM = FIFTE5 YE>S4 ,DESPITE ALL ( HIS EF=TS ,A*>YA REMA9$ AN ISOLAT$ ,AN>*I/ 9 ,9DIA & FAIL$ TO CREATE A MOVEM5T4 ,:IL/ NATIONALI/S LIKE ,H> ,DAYAL & ,BHAGAT ,S+H HAD A KN[L$GE ( AN>*I/ TEXTS1 !Y M]ELY 9CORPORAT$ :AT !Y FELT TO BE USEFUL TO ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,BRITI% RULE 9TO !IR ?\TY OR?ODOXY1 HAD TOO MU* ( A GRIP ON ! ,9DIAN MASSES1 & UNLIKE ELSE:]E 9 ,ASIA1 AN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T DID NOT DEVELOP1 MU* TO ! *AGR9 ( ,A*>YA4 ,S\RCES ,M4,P4,T4 ,A*>YA1 REM9ISC5CES ( AN ,9DIAN REVOLUTION>Y4 ,$IT$ BY ,BI%AMB] ,DAYAL ,YADAV4 ,ANMOL ,PUBLICATIONS1 C#a#i#i#a ,G>CIA1 ,VICTOR4 ,M&YAM ,A*>YA4 ,RAMNA?1 ,MAIA4 ,DECOLONIZ+ ,AN>*ISM4 ,A,K ,PRESS 7#b#a#a7 ,ROY1 ,M4 ,N4 ,MEMOIRS ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,FEBRU>Y #a#b1 #bba 3 ,FROM ,NATIONALISM & ,BOL%EVISM TO ,AN>*ISM -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,FROM ,NATIONALISM & ,BOL%EVISM TO ,AN>*ISM -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/