,FROM ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL TO ! ,FR5* ,ELECTIONS 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CRIME?,9C4 

,TEXT 3 

,AS ! ,FR5* ELECTIONS LOOM1 ?REAT5+ TO ELEVATE ULTRA-NATIONALI/ ,M>9E LE ,P5 TO P[] ALONGSIDE ,DONALD ,TRUMP1 ! EYES ( ! WORLD >E TURN$ TO ,FRANCE4 ,9 ?IS SITUATION1 WE DON'T LOOK TO O!R ,FR5* POLITICIANS = SALVATION1 BUT TO ! UNGOV]NABLE SOCIAL MOVEM5TS ?AT HAVE ROCK$ ,FRANCE OV] ! PA/ SEV]AL YE>S4 ,! ONLY SUREFIRE WAY TO BLOCK NEOLIB]AL AU/]ITY MEASURES1 NATIONALI/ VIOL5CE1 & /ATE REPRESSION IS BY BUILD+ GRASSROOTS NETWORKS P[]FUL 5\< TO PUT A /OP TO !M DIRECTLY4 ,9 VIVID FIR/H& ACC\NTS1 ! FOLL[+ RETROSPECTIVE TRACES SOCIAL UNRE/ 9 ,FRANCE FROM ! DECL>ATION ( ! /ATE ( EM]G5CY 9 #bae ?R\< ! /REET RIOTS & PLAZA OCCUPATIONS ( #baf UP TO ! PRES5T MOM5T4 ,?IS IS ! FIR/ 9/ALLM5T ( A TWO-P>T S]IES ON ! SITUATION 9 ,FRANCE WE >E PUBLI%+ 9 ! LEAD-UP TO ?IS WEEK5D'S ELECTIONS2 ! SECOND WILL FOLL[ TOMORR[4 

,AFT] ! ATTACKS CLAIM$ BY ,I,S,I,S 9 ,JANU>Y & ,NOVEMB] #bae & ! DECL>ATION ( A /ATE ( EM]G5CY1 NO ONE C\LD HAVE PR$ICT$ ?AT ,FRANCE WAS AB\T TO EXP]I5CE SEV]AL MON?S ( UPHEAVAL4 ,?IS IS AN ATTEMPT TO (F] AN OV]VIEW & ANALYSIS ( ! DISRUPTIONS ?AT FOLL[$ ! ,EL ,KHOMRI WORK RE=M PROPOSAL 7KN[N AS ! 0,LOI ,TRAVAIL074 ,IT IS NEI!R A COMPREH5SIVE ACC\NT NOR A UNIV]SAL P]SPECTIVE1 BUT A TRUE /ORY FROM ! P]SPECTIVE ( SOME :O JO9$ 9 ! CLA%ES4 ,AL?\< ! EV5TS TOOK PLACE ALL OV] ,FRANCE--9 ,NANTES1 ,R5NES1 ,LILLE1 ,T\L\SE1 ,LYON1 & ELSE:]E--WE WILL FOCUS ON SOME ( ! ACTIONS 9 ,P>IS 9 :I* WE ACTIVELY P>TICIPAT$4 

,ON ! ,EVE ( ! ,WORK ,RE=M ,PROPOSAL 

,AT ! 5D ( ,FEBRU>Y #b#a#f1 ,FRANCE WAS A P[D] KEG4 ,9 RETROSPECT1 IT'S NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT ! POLITICAL 9/ABILITY ( ! PREC$+ YE>S1 C\PL$ ) DEEP5+ DI/RU/ ( ! GOV]NM5T1 GAVE AN>*I/S ! OPPORTUNITY TO PLAY A LEAD+ ROLE 9 ! MOVEM5T AGA9/ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL4 

,! ,I,S,I,S ATTACKS ( #bae (F]$ ! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T AN EXCUSE TO 9T5SIFY CONTROL ( ! 5TIRE POPULATION4 ,TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! %OCK ?AT FOLL[$ EA* ATTACK & ! FE> ( FUTURE ATTACKS1 ! AU?ORITIES PASS$ A NEW SURVEILLANCE LAW & DECL>$ A /ATE ( EM]G5CY4 ,?IS 5ABL$ !M TO APPLY NEW 0TEMPOR>Y0 & 0EXCEPTIONAL0 LAWS1 SU* AS =BIDD+ DEMON/RATIONS 9 ! NAME ( NATIONAL SECURITY1 REGULAT+ PEOPLE'S MOVEM5TS & RESID5CE1 & C>RY+ \T H\SE SE>*ES )\T A JUDGE'S AU?ORIZATION4 ,?IS /ATE ( EM]G5CY WAS ONLY SUPPOS$ TO LA/ ?REE MON?S2 9 FACT1 IT IS /ILL 9 EFFECT AS ( ,APRIL #b#a#g4 ,= MORE 9=MATION AB\T ! /ATE ( EM]G5CY1 CONSULT ! #bae DIALOGUE BETWE5 ,CRIME?,9C4 & ,LUNDIMAT94 

,MEAN:ILE1 ! SITUATION ( MIGRANTS 9 ,FRANCE HAD BE5 WORS5+ S9CE ,SEPTEMB] #b#a#e4 ,! LOCAL AU?ORITIES 9T5SIFI$ !IR /RATEGY ( DAILY H>ASSM5T1 S5D+ POLICE =CES TO EXPEL & DISMANTLE SEV]AL MAKE%IFT CAMPS 9 ,P>IS4 ,! IDEA WAS CLE>LY TO 5SURE ?AT GR\PS ( REFUGEES W\LD NOT BE ABLE TO GA!R OR ORGANIZE EFFECTIVELY4 ,NE> ,CALAIS1 ! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T TOOK DRA/IC /EPS TO R$UCE ! NUMB] ( PEOPLE LIV+ 9 ! 0,JUNGLE10 ! REFUGEE CAMP NE> ! BORD] CROSS+ TO ! ,U,K4 ,!Y /EPP$ UP VIOL5T POLIC+1 CREAT$ A MILIT>IZ$ & HI<LY SECUR$ 0HUMANIT>IAN CAMP10 & EVICT$ ! S\!RN P>T ( ! ,JUNGLE ON ! MORN+ ( ,FEBRU>Y #b#i1 #b#a#f4 ,= MORE 9=MATION ON ! PLI<T ( REFUGEES 9 ,CALAIS1 CONSULT ,CALAIS ,MIGRANT ,SOLID>ITY1 :I* IS CLOSE TO ! ,EUROPEAN ,NO ,BORD] MOVEM5T4 

,MOREOV]1 9 ! C\RSE ( ! PREC$+ YE>S1 POLITICAL DISCONT5T HAD CRY/ALLIZ$ >\ND A FEW SPECIFIC 5VIRONM5TAL ISSUES1 ALSO KN[N AS 0PROJETS 9UTILES0 7USELESS PROJECTS71 & ! RESULT+ ,Z,A,DS 70ZONES TO BE DEF5D$074 ,!SE 9CLUDE A NEW TRA9 L9E BETWE5 ,LYON & ,TUR9 7! NOTORI\S ,T,A,V71 ! DAM PROJECT 9 ,SIV5S :]E POLICE BRUTALLY MURD]$ ! Y\NG ACTIVI/ ,REMI ,FRAISSE 9 ,NOVEMB] #b#a#d1 & ! NEW AIRPORT AT ,NOT]-,DAME-,DES-,L&ES1 REG>D+ :I* ! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T GAVE AU?ORIZATION TO BEG9 CON/RUCTION ,OCTOB] #b#a#f4 

,9 ?IS CONTEXT1 IT WAS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT :5 ! GOV]NM5T 9VOK$ ! /ATE ( EM]G5CY TO %UT D[N ! (FICIAL DEMON/RATIONS DUR+ ! 9T]NATIONAL SUMMIT ON CLIMATE *ANGE 7,C,O,P #b#a7 9 ,P>IS BEG9N+ ON ,NOVEMB] #c1 #b#a#e1 WE DECID$ TO TAKE ! /REETS TO DEFY !M4 ,! CLA%ES ) ! POLICE ?AT TOOK PLACE AT ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE ! DAY BE=E ! OP5+ ( ! ,C,O,P #ba W]E A =ETA/E ( :AT WAS TO OCCUR REGUL>LY ON ?OSE /REETS FEW MON?S LAT]4 

,ALL ?IS EXPLA9S :Y ! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T FAC$ AN IMPASSE AT ! BEG9N+ ( #b#a#f4 ,ITS POPUL>ITY WAS L[2 PEOPLE CRITICIZ$ ITS DECISIONS1 FEEL+ BETRAY$ BY ! OP5LY NEOLIB]AL & REPRESSIVE AG5DA ( ! TRADITIONAL 0,P>TI ,SOCIALI/E40 ,H[EV]1 DESIR+ TO CONT9UE ! ECONOMIC RE/RUCTUR+ ?AT FOLL[$ ! 9T]NATIONAL F9ANCIAL CRISIS ( #bh & TO KEEP PRESID5TIAL PROMISES SU* AS R$UC+ UNEMPLOYM5T RATES1 ,PRESID5T ,FRANCOIS ,HOLL&E S\<T TO REVITALIZE HIS PRESID5CY BY RE%UFFL+ HIS CAB9ET ON ,FEBRU>Y #b#a#f4 ,A FEW DAYS LAT]1 ,MYRIAM ,EL ,KHOMRI1 ! NEWLY APPO9T$ ,M9I/] ( ,LABOR1 PRES5T$ ! GOV]NM5T'S NEW WORK RE=M AS A WAY TO FACILITATE EMPLOYM5T & BOO/ ECONOMIC RECOV]Y4 ,DESPITE ?IS FRAM+1 IT WAS EASY TO SEE ?AT ! PRIM>Y OBJECTIVE ( ! LAW WAS TO FACILITATE CORPORATE FLEXIBILITY AT ! EXP5SE ( WORK]S' RI<TS4 ,9 A NUT%ELL1 ?IS LAW W\LD MAKE WORK+ CONDITIONS MORE PREC>I\S ?AN !Y ALREADY >E4 

,SOON AFT] ! RE=M WAS ANN\NC$1 SOME PEOPLE />T$ MOBILIZ+ VIA ONL9E VIDEOS ASK+ VIEW]S TO SIGN A PETITION AGA9/ ! LAW4 ,MEAN:ILE1 SOME RADICAL GR\PS APPEAL$ TO PEOPLE TO TAKE ! /REETS & GO ON /RIKE4 ,LITTLE BY LITTLE1 O!R ORGANIZATIONS JO9$ !SE CALLS UNTIL A NATIONAL DAY ( ACTION AGA9/ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL WAS PLANN$ = ,W$NESDAY1 ,M>* #i4 ,TRADE UNION LEAD]S DID NOT WANT TO TAKE P>T 9 ?IS DAY ( ACTION1 AS !Y W]E NOT BEH9D ! CALL4 ,H[EV]1 AFT] REALIZ+ ?AT !Y W]E LOS+ AU?ORITY AMONG !IR RANKS AS NUM]\S TRADE UNIONI/S DECID$ TO ATT5D ! NATIONAL DEMON/RATION AS 9DIVIDUALS1 SOME MAJOR TRADE UNIONS 79CLUD+ ! ,C,G,T1 ,F,O1 ,SOLIDAIRES1 & ,F,S,U7 DECID$ AT ! LA/ M9UTE TO JO9 ! FE/IVITIES4 

,WE1 TOO1 DECID$ TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! ACTION4 ,BUT WE DID NOT TAKE ! /REETS BECAUSE WE W]E OPPOS$ TO ?IS SPECIFIC LAW OR WANT$ A BETT] ONE4 ,RA!R1 WE W5T BECAUSE WE CONSID] CAPITALISM & WORK ITSELF TO BE ILLEGITIMATE1 ALI5AT+1 & OB/RUCTIVE TO \R RESE>* & EMANCIPATION4 ,ON ! EVE ( ! FIR/ NATIONAL MOBILIZATION1 WE HAD NO IDEA ?AT !SE CALLS W\LD LEAD TO F\R CONT9U\S MON?S ( MOBILIZATION4 

,S[+ ! ,SE$S ( ,REVOLT 

,M>* #i1 #baf - ,E>LY 9 ! MORN+1 /UD5TS DECID$ TO BLOCK ACCESS TO !IR HI< S*OOLS4 ,MEAN:ILE1 9 SEV]AL UNIV]SITIES1 /UD5TS W]E GA!R+ TO PREP>E !IR BANN]S = ! AFT]NOON M>*4 ,LAT] ?AT MORN+1 HUNDR$S ( /UD5TS & ACTIVI/S CONV]G$ AT ,PLACE DE LA ,NATION TO DEMON/RATE )\T ANY POLITICAL AFFILIATIONS1 (FICIAL ORGANIZATIONS1 OR TRADE UNIONS4 ,TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( A SURPRIS+LY L[ POLICE PRES5CE1 ?IS L>GE GR\P ( PEOPLE TOOK ! /REETS1 BLOCK+ TRAFFIC & ?R[+ PROJECTILES & PA9T BOMBS AT A ,MC,DONALD'S RE/AURANT4 ,?IS 9SPIR$ SOME P>TICIPANTS TO BEG9 TAGG+ BILLBO>DS & WALLS & SMA%+ ! W9D[S ( CELL PHONE /ORES1 REAL E/ATE & 9SURANCE AG5CIES1 & BANKS1 NOT TO M5TION ,A,T,MS & CAM]AS4 

,?IS CONT9U$ )\T 9T]RUPTION = MORE ?AN #c M9UTES UNTIL WE REA*$ ,PLACE DE LA ,BA/ILLE4 ,!RE1 SEV]AL BRIGADES ( RIOT POLICE 7,C,R,S &_/OR ,G>DES ,MOBILES7 W]E BLOCK+ ! MO/ DIRECT ACCESS TO ! T\RI/IC SITES & /ORES ( D[NT[N ,P>IS4 ,SOME PEOPLE ?REW PROJECTILES AT ! POLICE AS A DI/RACTION SO ! RE/ ( US C\LD CONT9UE \R M>* ALONG ANO!R UNBLOCK$ B\LEV>D4 ,NEV]!LESS1 JU/ BE=E WE REA*$ A BRIDGE ?AT W\LD HAVE LEAD TO ANO!R DI/RICT ( ,P>IS1 SEV]AL RIOT POLICE SQUADS & !IR VEHICLES BLOCK$ \R PA?4 ,?IS SUCCESSFULLY R$UC$ \R NUMB]S1 AS SOME /UD5TS LEFT ! ACTION 9 ORD] TO AVOID CONFRONTATION4 ,! MORN+ 5D$ 9 A CAT & M\SE GAME1 AS SMALL GR\PS ( PROTE/]S WALK$ ?R\< ! N>R[ /REETS ( ! ,SA9T ,PAUL DI/RICT TO AVOID POLICE CONTROL & >RE/4 

,?AT AFT]NOON1 PEOPLE CONV]G$ AT ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE = ! (FICIAL DEMON/RATION4 ,:5 WE >RIV$ ON SITE1 IT WAS A GREAT PLEASURE TO SEE ! SQU>E & ITS SURR\ND+S FULL ( PEOPLE4 ,WE W]E SURPRIS$ TO SEE SO MANY PEOPLE GA!R+ 9 ! /REETS UND] ! /ATE ( EM]G5CY1 CONSID]+ ?AT FEW MON?S BE=E1 DUR+ ! ,C,O,P #b#a1 ONLY A FEW ?\S& PEOPLE HAD GA!R$ AT ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE4 

,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! PROTE/1 9=MATION />T$ TO CIRCULATE ?AT AN AUTONOM\S GR\P W\LD =M SOME:]E 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! TRADE UNIONS & (FICIAL ORGANIZATIONS4 ,?IS M>K$ ! EM]G5CE ( A L>GE GR\P ( 9DIVIDUALS FROM DIFF]5T BACKGR\NDS 7AN>*I/S1 APPELI/ES_/TIQQUNI/ES1 9SURRECTIONI/S1 ANTIFASCI/S1 ETC47 ?AT LAT] CAME TO BE KN[N AS ! 0CORTEGE AUTONOME0 70AUTONOM\S PROCESSION07 OR 0CORTEGE DE TETE0 70LEAD+ PROCESSION074 

,AS DUR+ ! MORN+ ACTION1 PEOPLE )9 ! AUTONOM\S GR\P />T$ T>GET+ MAJOR SYMBOLS ( CAPITALISM2 ?IS CONT9U$ FROM ,REPUBLIQUE TO ,NATION4 ,AGA91 EV]Y S+LE BUS /ATION1 BANK1 & REAL E/ATE OR 9SURANCE AG5CY SAW ITS FACADE SMA%$ & TAGG$4 ,AL?\< ! AUTONOM\S GR\P WELCOM$ SU* ACTIONS ) *E]S & ANTI-CAPITALI/ *ANTS1 O!R DEMON/RATORS CRITICIZ$ !M1 & SOME EV5 TRI$ TO P]SONALLY 9T]POSE !MSELVES TO OB/RUCT !SE ACTIONS4 ,SURPRIS+LY1 DUR+ ! H\RS ?AT ! DEMON/RATION LA/$1 ! POLICE MADE V]Y FEW APPE>ANCES4 

,M>* #a#g1 #baf - ,ONLY A WEEK AFT] ! FIR/ DEMON/RATION AGA9/ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL1 WE HAD ANO!R APPO9TM5T TO CONT9UE ! /RUGGLE ON ,?URSDAY1 ,M>* #a#g4 ,?AT SAME DAY1 ! ,CONSEIL D',ETAT--AN 9/ITUTION RESPONSIBLE = ADVIS+ ! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T ON ! LAWFULNESS ( LAW PROJECTS--WAS DUE TO PRES5T AN OP9ION ON ! PROPOS$ LAW4 ,ONCE AGA91 WE DECID$ TO JO9 HUNDR$S ( /UD5TS AT ,PLACE DE LA ,NATION = ANO!R MORN+ ACTION4 

,?AT DAY1 MORE PEOPLE ATT5D$ ! MORN+ ACTION1 PROBABLY DUE TO ! 9CREASE ( BLOCKADES AT HI< S*OOLS & G5]AL ASSEMBLIES 9 UNIV]SITIES4 ,! ATMOSPH]E AMONG ! CR[D ?AT RU%$ 9TO ! MA9 B\LEV>D WAS A PLEASANT MIX ( JOY1 FRI5D%IP1 & DET]M9ATION4 ,NEV]!LESS1 IT WAS IMM$IATELY CLE> ?AT EV5TS W\LDN'T PLAY \T ! WAY !Y HAD ! PREVI\S WEEK4 ,AFT] ONLY T5 M9UTES 9 ! /REETS1 WE SAW ! FIR/ RIOT POLICE %[ UP 9 =CE4 ,AS SOON AS WE SAW !IR VEHICLES PASS+ 9 FRONT ( US1 WE KNEW ?AT CONFRONTATIONS W\LD BE 9EVITABLE4 ,!IR ORD]S W]E PROBABLY TO AVOID ANY K9D ( PUBLIC LOSS ( CONTROL1 & TO MAKE SPECIFIC & T>GET$ >RE/S4 

,! FIR/ PROJECTILES W]E ?R[N AT ! POLICE VEHICLES2 SOME ( US PICK$ UP TOOLS FROM A NE>BY CON/RUCTION SITE TO ATTACK !M4 ,O!RS TOOK UP /ONES & B>RI]S TO CREATE A MORE (F5SIVE BLOC TO CONFRONT ! POLICE4 ,! POLICE EV5TUALLY BLOCK$ ! B\LEV>D 9 FRONT ( US4 ,! CONFRONTATION ESCALAT$ = SEV]AL LONG M9UTES AS WE TRI$ TO PRESS =W>D & CREATE A BREA* 9 !IR L9ES4 ,PEOPLE ?REW /ONES1 GLASS BOTTLES1 & ALL K9DS ( PROJECTILES AT RIOT POLICE1 :O ANSW]$ ) TE> GAS CANI/]S1 FLA%-BANG GR5ADES1 & RUBB] BULLETS4 

,RECOGNIZ+ ?AT WE C\LD NOT MA9TA9 ! PRESSURE ANY LONG]1 WE RETREAT$ 9 HOPES ( F9D+ ANO!R R\TE TO \R 9T5D$ DE/9ATION4 ,AFT] RUNN+ ?R\< N>R[ /REETS1 WE >RIV$ AT ANO!R B\LEV>D1 ONLY TO SEE POLICE TRUCKS BLOCK+ \R PA? ONCE AGA94 ,TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! FACT ?AT WE C\LD NOT ADVANCE1 POLICE (FIC]S 9 PLA9 CLO!S :O HAD BE5 FOLL[+ US ?R\<\T ! ACTION C>RI$ \T SEV]AL VIOL5T >RE/S4 ,MANY ( US LEFT ! ACTION AS SOON AS WE SAW ! FIR/ >RE/S1 RECOGNIZ+ ! POLICE TRAP SL[LY CLOS+ ON US4 

,A C\PLE H\RS LAT]1 WE ATT5D$ ! AFT]NOON PROTE/ ORGANIZ$ BY /UD5T UNIONS & ORGANIZATIONS4 ,AS SOON AS WE F\ND ! 0CORTEGE AUTONOME10 WE REALIZ$ ?AT ?IS WAS NOT A GOOD IDEA4 ,9DE$1 TO \R SURPRISE1 ?IS SEGM5T ( ! M>* WAS SMALL & ISOLAT$ FROM O!R GR\PS ( PEOPLE4 ,MOREOV]1 ON EA* SIDE ( ! B\LEV>D1 POLICE (FIC]S 9 PLA9 CLO!S & MEMB]S ( ! ANTI-CRIM9ALITY BRIGADE 7,B,A,C7 W]E FOLL[+ US4 

,! FIR/ P>T ( ! DEMON/RATION WAS QUIET & PASSIVE1 AS WE W]E ALL CONC]N$ AB\T ! POLICE OBS]V+ US4 ,NEV]!LESS1 WE MANAG$ TO \TWIT POLICE VIGILANCE BY DIVID+ ! 0AUTONOM\S PROCESSION10 JO9+ ! MASS ( /UD5TS )9 !IR ORGANIZATION- & UNION-FREE PROCESSION4 ,BE+ AMONG /UD5TS ALL[$ SEV]AL ( US TO TAKE ACTION1 ESPECIALLY AGA9/ ! MA9 POLICE /ATION ( ! #a#c? DI/RICT4 ,SEV]AL >RE/S W]E MADE JU/ BE=E WE >RIV$ AT ,PLACE D',ITALIE1 ! 5D ( ! DEMON/RATION4 ,! SQU>E WAS COMPLETELY SURR\ND$ BY POLICE =CES2 LUCKILY = US1 WE 5T]$ ! METRO )\T BE+ SE>*$ OR CONTROLL$4 

,E>LI] 9 ! AFT]NOON1 AN 9VITATION SPREAD BY WORD ( M\? SUGGE/$ ?AT AN OCCUPATION & A G5]AL ASSEMBLY TO DISCUSS ! P]SPECTIVES ( ?IS EM]G+ MOVEM5T W\LD TAKE PLACE AT ! UNIV]SITY ( ,TOLBIAC LAT] ?AT NI<T4 ,SEV]AL ACTIVI/S & /UD5TS SNEAK$ 9TO ! CLOS$ UNIV]SITY & />T$ ! OCCUPATION4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 MEMB]S ( ! UNIV]SITY ADM9I/RATION CALL$ ! POLICE4 ,AFT] ONLY SEV]AL M9UTES1 HUNDR$S ( ,C,R,S & ,B,A,C MEMB]S 5T]$ ! UNIV]SITY1 *>G+ & EXPELL+ ! OCCUPANTS4 

,! EV5TS ?AT TOOK PLACE ON ,?URSDAY1 ,M>* #ag REPRES5T A KEY MOM5T 9 ! MOBILIZATION AGA9/ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL4 ,! VIOL5T 9T]V5TIONS MADE BY LAW 5=CEM5T AU?ORITIES %[$ ?AT ! GOV]NM5T WAS DET]M9$ TO SUPPRESS ! BUDD+ Y\? MOVEM5T BY ANY MEANS NECESS>Y4 ,) H9DSI<T1 ?IS /RATEGY WAS A MI/AKE--= ! /RONG] ! REPRESSION1 ! MORE PEOPLE JO9$ ! 0AUTONOM\S0 GR\P1 *ANT+ 0EV]YONE HATES ! POLICE0 & CONFRONT+ !M4 ,FROM A MORE POSITIVE PO9T ( VIEW1 !SE FIR/ TWO DAYS ( ACTION & MOBILIZATION %[$ SOME ( \R POT5TIAL TO GO ON ! (F5SIVE--PREP>$ TO FI<T BACK1 TO IMPROVISE1 TO ORGANIZE1 & TO TAKE 9ITIATIVES COLLECTIVELY4 

,DUR+ ! LA/ TWO WEEKS ( ,M>*1 ! MOBILIZATION AGA9/ ! WORK RE=M 9T5SIFI$4 ,SEV]AL G5]AL ASSEMBLIES TOOK PLACE 9 UNIV]SITIES & AMONG RADICAL CIRCLES4 ,?IS IS :]E ! FIR/ DISAGREEM5TS AB\T /RATEGY1 OBJECTIVES1 & 0AG5DA0 EM]G$4 ,= SOME ( US1 ! PRIORITY WAS TO TAKE ! LEAD DUR+ PROTE/S & CONFRONT POLICE =CES1 :ILE O!RS ?\<T WE %\LD ALSO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ?IS NEW SOCIAL MOVEM5T TO DIV]SIFY \R /RATEGIES BY %>+ \R IDEALS ) O!RS4 ,! DIFFICULTY ( F9D+ COMMON GR\ND WE EXP]I5C$ DUR+ \R FIR/ G5]AL ASSEMBLIES WAS NOT AN ISOLAT$ CASE4 ,9 ,P>IS1 SOME RADICAL GR\PS ALWAYS TRY TO DEF5D !IR [N IMAGE & 9T]E/S BY IMPOS+ !IR PO9T ( VIEW ON O!RS4 ,WE (T5 FACE ?IS PROBLEM 9 AUTONOM\S CIRCLES3 ! *ALL5GE ( DEAL+ ) P[] DYNAMICS & ! HEGEMONY ( C]TA9 GR\PS OR 9DIVIDUALS4 

,ON ,M>* #b#d1 /UD5TS & WORK]S TOOK ! /REETS AGA94 ,DESPITE ! FACT ?AT NUM]\S HI< S*OOLS & UNIV]SITIES W]E BLOCK$ DUR+ ! DAY1 ! AFT]NOON DEMON/RATION GA!R$ FEW] PEOPLE ?AN BE=E1 AS MO/ ( ! (FICIAL CALLS HAD BE5 MADE BY /UD5T ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! L[] NUMB] ( P>TICIPANTS DID NOT AFFECT ! DET]M9ATION ( SOME ( US1 AS EVID5C$ BY SEV]AL (F5SIVE 9ITIATIVES1 CONFRONTATIONS ) ! POLICE1 & ATTEMPTS TO RESCUE >RE/EES4 ,! (FICIAL M>* 5D$ ) A SPONTANE\S UNCONTROLL$ PROTE/ 9 ! DI/RICT ( ! ,EIFFEL ,T[]1 LEAD+ TO A GAME ( HIDE-&-GO-SEEK ) RIOT POLICE 9 ! ,*AMPS DE ,M>S4 

,E>LI] ?AT DAY1 VIDEO FOOTAGE ( POLICE (FIC]S SURR\ND+ & PUN*+ A TE5AG] HAD SPREAD ACROSS ! 9T]NET4 ,?IS HAD OCCURR$ ?AT MORN+ NE> ! ,B]GSON HI< S*OOL 9 ! #a#i?,>RONDISSEM5T :ILE /UD5TS W]E BLOCK+ !IR S*OOL4 ,! FOLL[+ DAY1 /UD5TS ORGANIZ$ A WILD DEMON/RATION LEAV+ FROM ,B]GSON HI< S*OOL 9 RESPONSE TO ! NUM]\S CASES ( POLICE VIOL5CE S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,:ILE W&]+ 9 ! /REETS1 SOME ( !M S\<T REV5GE BY ATTACK+ SEV]AL POLICE /ATIONS4 

,F9ALLY1 ANO!R NATIONAL CALL AGA9/ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL WAS MADE ON ,M>* #c#a4 ,?IS DEMON/RATION WAS ONE ( ! L>GE/ ?AT TOOK PLACE 9 ,P>IS ?AT :OLE SPR+4 ,DESPITE ! HEAVY RA91 HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S PEOPLE M>*$ ON ! /REETS ( ! ,FR5* CAPITAL CITY4 ,?AT DAY1 ! 0CORTEGE AUTONOME0 TOOK ! LEAD1 & KEPT ITS POSITION TO ! 5D ( ! EV5T4 ,= ! FIR/ TIME S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! MOVEM5T1 A K9D ( COHESION APPE>$ AMONG ! AUTONOM\S GR\PS3 A SOLID BLACK BLOC ASS]T$ ITSELF AS A S+LE =CE DESPITE BE+ COMPOS$ ( MANY DIFF]5T AFF9ITY GR\PS4 ,AT ! 5D ( ! PROTE/1 RESPOND+ TO A CALL MADE E>LI] ?AT WEEK1 HUNDR$S ( PEOPLE CONV]G$ AT ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE ) A SPECIFIC GOAL & LOTS ( AMBITIONS4 

,NUIT ,DEB\T--,A ,FAIL$ ,ATTEMPT TO ,BUILD A ,FR5* ,OCCUPY ,MOVEM5T8 

,NUIT ,DEB\T BEGAN ! EV5+ ( ,?URSDAY1 ,M>* #c#a1 :51 FOLL[+ ?AT AFT]NOON'S DEMON/RATION1 ACTIVI/S FROM A V>IETY ( POLITICAL & SOCIAL BACKGR\NDS GA!R$ AT ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE ) ! IDEA ( OCCUPY+ ! SQU>E4 ,?AT NI<T1 ! FIR/ T5TS & PLA/IC T>PS APPE>$--?+S WE HAD NOT SE5 S9CE REFUGEES W]E OCCUPY+ ! SQU>E 9 ,NOVEMB] #b#a#e4 ,NUM]\S PEOPLE ATT5D$ ! FIR/ G5]AL ASSEMBLY ( :AT WAS 9T5D$ TO BE ! ,FR5* ,OCCUPY MOVEM5T4 ,9 FACT1 ,NUIT ,DEB\T & ! OCCUPATION ( ! ,REPUBLIQUE HAD BE5 PLANN$ C>EFULLY 9 ADVANCE BY PEOPLE CLOSE TO ! ,FR5* ALT]NATIVE ,LEFT4 ,?IS MOVEM5T WAS NOT AS SPONTANE\S AS IT WAS 9T5D$ TO APPE>4 

,OV] ! FOLL[+ DAYS1 NEW 9ITIATIVES & COLLECTIVES JO9$ ,NUIT ,DEB\T4 ,DUR+ ! DAY1 WORK%OPS 7WOODWORK+1 G>D5+1 ETC47 & DISCUSSIONS ON V>I\S SUBJECTS 7DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 5VIRONM5TAL ISSUES1 ANTI-SPECIESISM1 POLICE VIOL5CE1 ETC47 TOOK PLACE4 ,PEOPLE W]E REGUL>LY 9VIT$ TO =M SMALL GR\PS1 SIT D[N1 & />T TO EX*ANGE !IR OP9IONS & VIEWS ON A SELECT$ TOPIC4 ,ACTIVI/S & AN>*I/ PUBLI%]S SET UP !IR TABLES TO PROVIDE RADICAL LIT]ATURE1 RAIS+ MONEY TO COV] ! LAWY]S' FEES ( COMRADES4 ,AT NI<T1 ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE WAS FILL$ UP ) PEOPLE ATT5D+ ! DAILY G5]AL ASSEMBLY & RELAT$ ACTIVITIES SU* AS DOCUM5T>Y PROJECTIONS1 \TDOOR %[S1 & >TI/IC PROJECTS4 ,A DO-IT-Y\RSELF RE/AURANT (F]$ FOOD 9 EX*ANGE = DONATIONS1 & PEOPLE /AY$ \T UNTIL REALLY LATE AT NI<T4 ,NUIT ,DEB\T BECAME A LOGICAL R5DEZV\S PO9T = RADICAL ACTIVI/S & AN>*I/S TO EX*ANGE1 DEBATE1 ORGANIZE1 & TAKE ACTION4 

,AT FIR/1 ,NUIT ,DEB\T BR\<T A NEW DYNAMIC TO ! MOVEM5T AGA9/ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL & TO ACTIVISM 9 G5]AL4 ,DUR+ ITS FIR/ MON? ( EXI/5CE1 ! OCCUPATION AT ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE WAS ESS5TIAL 9 5ABL+ US TO MEET NEW PEOPLE1 EXT5D \R RELATION%IPS1 DEVELOP \R CAPACITIES1 & TAKE MORE 9ITIATIVES4 ,SOME PEOPLE W]E CURI\S TO LE>N AB\T NEW POLITICAL !ORIES2 O!RS F9ALLY FELT ! NE$ TO GET 9VOLV$ & ORGANIZE4 ,EV]Y NI<T ( ,APRIL1 WE C\LD FEEL ?IS MIX ( JOY1 LOVE1 EXCITEM5T1 EFF]VESC5CE1 & P[] EMANAT+ FROM EA* ONE ( US :ILE WE WAIT$ = ! NEXT OPPORTUNITY TO TAKE ACTION4 ,!RE WAS A NAIVE FEEL+ 9 ! AIR ?AT SOME?+ NEW & RADICALLY DIFF]5T WAS AT H&4 

,NUIT ,DEB\T PROVID$ US ) A FIX$ LOCATION1 :I* 5ABL$ US TO 9ITIATE BO? SPONTANE\S & PLANN$ ACTIONS4 ,IF Y\ W]E AT ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE AT NI<T DUR+ ,APRIL OR ,MAY1 Y\ C\LD BE SURE ?AT SEV]AL TIMES A WEEK Y\ W\LD P>TICIPATE 9 WILD DEMON/RATIONS & CONFRONTATIONS ) RIOT POLICE4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS OCCUPATION MOVEM5T ?AT HAD 9ITIALLY GA!R$ ?\S&S ( PEOPLE PROGRESSIVELY LO/ ATT5DANCE ?R\<\T ,MAY4 ,! V>I\S EF=TS TO EVICT ! ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE 9ITIAT$ BY LOCAL AU?ORITIES 9 ! NAME ( MA9TA9+ SOCIAL ORD] SUCCE$$ 9 DISC\RAG+ SOME ( ! OCCUPANTS ( ! SQU>E4 ,BY ! 5D ( ,JUNE1 ! MOVEM5T & ITS DAILY G5]AL ASSEMBLY ONLY GA!R$ A MAXIMUM ( A HUNDR$ PEOPLE4 

,! ,/R5G?S & ,LIMITS ( ,NUIT ,DEB\T 

,FROM AN 9T]VIEW CONDUCT$ ) AN>*I/ P>TICIPANTS3 

,:Y DID 0,NUIT ,DEB\T0 TAKE PLACE 9 #b#a#f1 RA!R ?AN #b#a#a8 

,AFT] ! #bh 9T]NATIONAL F9ANCIAL CRISIS1 SEV]AL ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES1 SU* AS ,GREECE & ,SPA91 SAW !IR ECONOMIES FALT]+ OR COLLAPS+4 ,9 ORD] TO RECOV] FROM ! CRISIS & TO MA9TA9 ITS ECONOMIC & GEOGRAPHIC P[]1 ! ,EUROPEAN ,UNION & ! GOV]NM5TS ?AT COMPOSE IT BEGAN TO IMPOSE AU/]ITY MEASURES4 ,?REE YE>S LAT]1 9 #b#a#a1 ! SITUATION REMA9$ PREC>I\S4 ,C\NTRIES SU* AS ,GREECE & ,SPA9 W]E /ILL EXP]I5C+ 9CREAS+ POV]TY & A/RONOMICAL UNEMPLOYM5T RATES4 ,! GLOBAL CONTEXT AT ?AT TIME1 BUT ALSO ! FACT ?AT !SE GOV]NM5TS MADE ! POPULATION 0PAY0 = !IR CRISIS1 G5]AT$ DEFIANCE AGA9/ POLITICIANS & ! GLOBAL ECONOMIC SY/EM1 PRODUC+ MOVEM5TS SU* AS ! #ae DE ,MAYO 9 ,SPA9 & ! ANTI-AU/]ITY MOVEM5T 9 ,GREECE1 NOT TO M5TION ,OCCUPY ,WALL ,/REET 9 ! ,U,S4 

,H[EV]1 AS ,PI]RE ,HASKI EXPLA9S1 ! CONTEXT 9 ,FRANCE WAS DIFF]5T4 ,COMP>$ TO ,GREECE & ,SPA91 ,FRANCE WAS /ILL 9 BETT] 0HEAL?10 MA9TA9+ ITS LEAD+ 9FLU5CE 9 ,EUROPE ALONGSIDE ,G]MANY4 ,9 ! COLLECTIVE IMAG9ATION1 ! ,GREEK & ,SPANI% SITUATIONS W]E UN?9KABLE 9 ,FRANCE4 ,BUT ! MA9 REASON AN ,OCCUPY MOVEM5T DID NOT EM]GE 9 ,FRANCE !N1 DESPITE SEV]AL ATTEMPTS1 WAS DUE TO ! ,FR5* ELECTORAL CAL5D>3 #baa M>K$ ! LA/ YE> ( ,NICOLAS ,S>KOZY'S PRESID5CY4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 MO/ PUBLIC ATT5TION WAS TURN$ TO ! UPCOM+ #bab PRESID5TIAL ELECTION & ! HOPES REPRES5T$ BY ! SOCIALI/ ,FRANCOIS ,HOLL&E4 

,( C\RSE1 ONCE ELECT$1 HE DID NOT CREATE ! IMPROVEM5TS PEOPLE WANT$ TO SEE 9 !IR LIVES4 

,SO ,FRANCE FOLL[$ A DIFF]5T TRAJECTORY ?AN ,GREECE & ,SPA94 ,:ILE ! FI]CE MOVEM5TS 9 ?OSE C\NTRIES W]E ULTIMATELY1 ALBEIT TEMPOR>ILY1 PACIFI$ BY ! ASC5SION ( 0ALT]NATIVE0 POLITICAL P>TIES SU* AS ,PODEMOS & ,SYRIZA1 P>T ( ! ,FR5* POPULATION GAVE ! ,SOCIALI/ P>TY A *ANCE BE=E BECOM+ ABSOLUTELY DISILLUSION$ BY ,FRANCOIS ,HOLL&E & GOV]NM5T 9 G5]AL4 

,IT WAS /RANGE = US 9 ! ,U,S TO WITNESS ,FR5* PEOPLE EMPLOY+ A /RATEGY & RHETORIC ?AT WE IMAG9$ HAD BE5 ?OR\<LY EXHAU/$ F\R YE>S E>LI]1 :5 MANY PEOPLE 9 ! ,U,S T5D TO ?9K ( ,FRANCE AS ! AVANT-G>DE ( RADICAL !ORY & PRACTICE4 ,H[ W]E ! IDEA ( OCCUPY+ PUBLIC SPACE & ! RHETORIC ( DEMOCRACY & DEM&S ABLE TO GA9 SO MU* TRACTION ON ! POPUL> IMAG9ATION 9 ,FRANCE8 

,FIR/1 CONC]N+ ! IMAGE SOME PEOPLE 9 ! ,U,S HAVE ( ,FRANCE1 WE HAVE TO SAY ?AT UN=TUNATELY IT IS RELAT$ TO SOME K9D ( ROMANTICISM4 ,YES1 9 ! PA/1 ,FRANCE HAD ITS AVANT-G>DE MOM5TS 9 RADICAL !ORY & PRACTICE2 BUT LIKE 9 EV]Y C\NTRY1 RADICAL !ORY & PRACTICE FACE MOM5TS ( 9EFFICI5CY & FAILURE4 ,LIV+ 9 ,FRANCE1 WE HAVE A MORE CRITICAL OP9ION ( RADICALISM & ITS CAPACITY TO *ANGE ?+S H]E4 ,LUCKILY1 EV5TS LIKE ! ONES DUR+ ! FIR/ HALF ( #baf REVITALIZE \R CIRCLES & CREATE NEW MOM5TUM4 

,N[ TO ANSW] Y\R QUE/ION3 WE CAN TRACE ! POPUL>ITY ( DEMOCRATIC RHETORIC & ! IDEA ( OCCUPY+ PUBLIC SPACE 9 ,FRANCE TO MULTIPLE ORIG9S4 ,= ONE ?+1 ,FRANCE HAS A LONG/&+ CONNECTION ) ! CONCEPT ( DEMOCRACY ITSELF4 ,A SIGNIFICANT P>T ( ! POPULATION BELIEVES ?AT WE %\LD NOT CRITICIZE ! DEMOCRATIC SY/EM1 AS IT IS SUPPOS$LY ! ONLY ALT]NATIVE TO FASCISM OR DICTATOR%IP4 ,?IS NOTION IS SO DEEPLY ROOT$ ?AT EV5 LEFTI/ PROTE/]S CRITICIZE DEMOCRACY ONLY TO RE=M & IMPROVE & ?US RE9=CE IT4 

,ANO!R S\RCE ( 5?USIASM = BUILD+ AN ,OCCUPY MOVEM5T C\LD BE ! POPUL>ITY ( CONCEPTS SU* AS 0CIVIL DISOB$I5CE10 0NONVIOL5CE10 & 0P>TICIPATORY DEMOCRACY0 AMONG ! ,FR5* ALT]NATIVE ,LEFT4 ,MA9/REAM ACTIVISM HAS AN UN=TUNATE T5D5CY TO IMITATE :AT HAS ALREADY BE5 DONE RA!R ?AN LE>N+ FROM PA/ MI/AKES TO CREATE SOME?+ NEW4 ,( C\RSE1 ! PEOPLE :O 9ITIAT$ ,NUIT ,DEB\T MI<T HAVE HAD A COMPLETE DIFF]5T VISION ( ! EFFECTIV5ESS ( SU* A MOVEM5T1 & FEW] CRITICISMS REG>D+ ! LIMITS & FAILURES ( ! ,OCCUPY MOVEM5TS ?AN WE DO AS AN>*I/S4 

,9 O!R WORDS1 ,FR5* ACTIVI/S ALSO FALL 9TO ! TRAP ( ROMANTICISM REG>D+ =EIGN ACTIONS1 & ?IS ADMIRATION T[>DS ,OCCUPY MOVEM5TS C\LD BE AN EXAMPLE ( IT4 

,:AT IS ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ! ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE1 :]E ! FIR/ CLA%ES TOOK PLACE AFT] ! DECL>ATION ( ! ,/ATE ( ,EM]G5CY & ! ,NUIT ,DEB\T OCCUPATIONS LAT] BEGAN8 

,! DECISION TO OCCUPY ! ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE LIKELY HAD MORE TO DO ) GEOGRAPHICAL CONV5I5CE & TRADITIONAL POLITICAL SYMBOLISM ?AN REVOLUTION>Y HI/ORY1 IMAG]Y1 OR /RATEGY4 ,! SQU>E IS S]V$ BY FIVE MAJOR METRO L9ES1 EASILY ACCESSIBLE BY FOOT1 & AT ! JUNCTION ( ?REE ( ! #b DI/RICTS ( ,P>IS4 ,ALL !SE CRIT]IA MAKE ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT C5TRAL PLACES ( ! ,FR5* CAPITAL CITY4 ,MOREOV]1 S9CE ITS R5OVATION 9 #b#a#c1 ! SQU>E 9CLUDES A L>GE P$E/RIAN SPACE1 :I* 5ABLES CR[DS TO GA!R = ALL K9DS ( OCCASIONS3 \TDOOR %[S1 DEMON/RATIONS1 GA!R+S1 & ! LIKE4 ,H[EV]1 ! NEW SETUP ( ! ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE ALSO S]VES ?OSE :O AIM TO MA9TA9 SOCIAL ORD]4 ,AS PEOPLE >E CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! C5T] ( ! SQU>E1 POLICE =CES CAN BE /RATEGICALLY POSITION$ 9 EV]Y S+LE ADJAC5T /REET & B\LEV>D1 EASILY SURR\ND+1 CONTROLL+1 & CONTA9+ ! CR[D4 

,NEV]!LESS1 !RE IS MU* TO SAY REG>D+ ! HI/ORY & SYMBOLISM ( ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE4 ,FIR/1 AS ITS NAME SUGGE/S1 ! ,P>ISIAN SQU>E PAYS TRIBUTE TO ! POLITICAL REGIME UND] :I* WE >E LIV+--! ,FIF? ,REPUBLIC4 ,H[EV]1 ! ORIG9 ( ITS NAME DATES BACK TO ! 5D ( ! #a#i? C5TURY4 ,! ,SECOND ,EMPIRE 5D$ ON ,SEPTEMB] #b1 #ahg AFT] ! DEFEAT ( ! ,FR5* >MY 9 ,S$AN & ! CAPTURE ( EMP]OR ,NAPOLEON ,I,I,I BY ,PRUSSIA4 ,ON ,SEPTEMB] #d1 ! ,?IRD ,REPUBLIC WAS PROCLAIM$ AS A DESP]ATE ATTEMPT TO REE/ABLI% POLITICAL /ABILITY )9 ! C\NTRY4 ,CONTR>Y TO ! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T'S HOPES1 ! FIR/ YE>S ( ! ,?IRD ,REPUBLIC 9CLUD$ ! EV5TS ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 A FAIL$ ATTEMPT TO RE/ORE ! ,MON>*Y1 & NUM]\S POLITICAL CRISES4 ,POLITICAL /ABILITY DID NOT RETURN TO ,FRANCE UNTIL ,JULES ,GREVY WAS ELECT$ ,PRESID5T 9#a#h#g#i4 ,9 #a#h#h#c1 A L>GE /ATUE TO ! GLORY ( ! ,REPUBLIC WAS 9AUGURAT$ AT ! C5T] ( ! SQU>E1 !N CALL$ ! ,PLACE DU ,*ATEAU D',EAU1 R5AM$ ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE 9 #a#h#h#i4 

,AS = O!R SYMBOLISM1 ! TRADITIONAL ,LEFT IS ALSO HI/ORICALLY ASSOCIAT$ ) ! ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE4 ,:5 ! TRADITIONAL ,LEFT OR TRADE UNIONS TAKE ! /REETS = DEMON/RATIONS1 ! ,REPUBLIQUE SQU>E IS USUALLY A C5TRAL LOCATION ON !IR R\TE4 ,= EXAMPLE1 EV]Y YE>1 ! ,MAY ,DAY PROTE/ />TS FROM ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE4 ,MORE REC5TLY1 JU/ AFT] ! ,P>IS ATTACKS 9 #b#a#e1 POLITICIANS & P>T ( ! POPULATION US$ ! SQU>E AS A M\RN+ SITE4 

,F9ALLY1 IF ! SQU>E HAS SIGNIFICANCE = AN>*I/S1 IT IS BECAUSE S9CE ,SEPTEMB] #b#a#e1 ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE HAS BE5 ! SITE ( MANY /RUGGLES1 9CLUD+ REFUGEES' CAMPS1 DEFY+ ! 0/ATE ( EM]G5CY0 BY DEMON/RAT+ AGA9/ ! ,C,O,P #b#a1 & MORE4 

,H[ DID ! SITUATION 9 ,P>IS COMP>E ) ?OSE 9 O!R REGIONS8 ,:AT K9DS ( COORD9ATION EXI/$1 =MAL OR 9=MAL8 

,AT SOME PO9T1 ! SITUATION 9 ,P>IS FELT REALLY GOOD1 AS MORE & MORE PEOPLE W]E ATT5D+ ! G5]AL ASSEMBLY & ACTIVITIES4 ,H[EV]1 TO BE REALI/IC1 ! NUMB] ( PEOPLE :O TOOK P>T 9 ,NUIT ,DEB\T1 EV5 IF !Y W]E SEV]AL ?\S& AT ITS CLIMAX1 REPRES5TS ONLY A SMALL PROPORTION ( ! POPULATION ( ! ,P>IS REGION4 ,9T]NATIONAL M$IA COV]AGE ( ,NUIT ,DEB\T MADE ! MOVEM5T SEEM BIGG] ?AN IT ACTUALLY WAS4 ,WE W]E F> %ORT ( ! MASSIVE OCCUPATIONS SE5 AT ! ,PU]TA DEL ,SOL 7,MADRID71 ,TAHRIR ,SQU>E 7,CAIRO71 OR ,TAKSIM ,SQU>E & ,GEZI ,P>K 7,I/ANBUL74 

,:AT IS C]TA9 IS ?AT1 LIKE O!R ,OCCUPY MOVEM5TS1 ,NUIT ,DEB\T GA9$ P[] & POPUL>ITY VIA ! 9T]NET4 ,US+ ! TOOLS (F]$ BY SOCIAL M$IA1 ,NUIT ,DEB\T WAS ABLE TO MULTIPLY ITS 9ITIATIVES & COMMUNICATE WIDELY AB\T ITS ASPIRATIONS4 ,SOCIAL M$IA & NEW TE*NOLOGIES ALSO 5ABL$ PEOPLE TO COORD9ATE G5]AL ASSEMBLIES 9 !IR [N CITIES & REGIONS4 

,H[ MU* 9FLU5CE DID ! DISC\RSE ( DEMOCRACY REALLY HAVE 9 ,NUIT ,DEB\T8 ,H[ DID ?AT DISC\RSE & ! PRACTICES ASSOCIAT$ ) IT 9T]ACT ) MORE TRADITIONAL ,FR5* ,ULTRALEFT PRACTICES & VALUES8 ,DID ! VISITS PAID BY ,DAVID ,GRAEB] & O!R ,OCCUPY ,WALL ,/REET P>TICIPANTS TO ,NUIT ,DEB\T MAKE ANY IMPACT8 

,AS WE M5TION$ PREVI\SLY1 ! DISC\RSE ( DEMOCRACY WAS C5TRAL TO ,NUIT ,DEB\T4 ,! ,FR5* ,OCCUPY MOVEM5T WAS H>D-PRESS$ TO DETA* ITSELF FROM TRADITIONAL DEMOCRATIC DISC\RSE & PRACTICES4 ,FROM ! BEG9N+1 ,NUIT ,DEB\T /OOD = A RE=MI/ LEFTI/ ALT]NATIVE TO ! SY/EM & TRADITIONAL P>TIES RA!R ?AN A /RONG REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,SOME P>TICIPANTS 9 ,NUIT ,DEB\T W]E MORE PASSIVE1 ASK+ = *ANGE RA!R ?AT ACT+ TO BR+ IT AB\T4 ,! MO/ COMMONLY HE>D DEM&S 9CLUD$ A BETT] & FAIR] DEMOCRACY 9 ,FRANCE2 LESS CORRUPT POLITICIANS2 & 5D+ ! #e? ,REPUBLIC & />T+ A #f? ,REPUBLIC1 AN IDEA ALREADY DEF5D$ BY ! ,FRONT DE ,GAU*E POLITICAL P>TY4 

,9 ITS PRACTICES1 ,NUIT ,DEB\T REPRODUC$ SY/EMS ?AT ALREADY EXI/ 9 \R SOCIETY SU* AS MAK+ DECISIONS BY MAJORITY VOTE ( ! PEOPLE ATT5D+ ! G5]AL ASSEMBLIES & E/ABLI%+ SECURITY GR\PS 9 *>GE ( MA9TA9+ 0ORD]0 AT ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE4 ,AMONG ! NUM]\S WORK%OPS & ACTIVITIES (F]$ AT ,NUIT ,DEB\T1 ! DISC\RSE ( DEMOCRACY WAS OMNIPRES5T--= EXAMPLE1 PEOPLE ASK+ Y\ TO SIGN PETITIONS = SPECIFIC ISSUES1 OR1 MORE SURPRIS+LY1 A WORK%OP AB\T WRIT+ A NEW ,CON/ITUTION4 

,H[EV]1 ! 9T]ACTION BETWE5 ,NUIT ,DEB\T P>TICIPANTS & ! ,ULTRALEFT G5]ALLY W5T WELL1 9 ! S5SE ?AT EV]YONE WAS FREE TO ORGANIZE1 P>TICIPATE1 OR NOT P>TICIPATE 9 ANY ACTION OR G5]AL ASSEMBLY ACCORD+ TO !IR P]SONAL VALUES & BELIEFS4 ,IF Y\ DID NOT AGREE ) A DECISION1 Y\ C\LD SIMPLY LEAVE ! ASSEMBLY OR NOT TAKE P>T 9 ! ACTION4 ,ALL ! SAME1 T5SIONS REPEAT$LY APPE>$ BETWE5 RE=MI/S & RADICALS4 ,AS ALWAYS1 ! ISSUE ( PACIFISM DIVID$ US1 AS SOME RE=MI/S W]E OBSESS$ ) CREAT+ A 0LEGITIMATE10 0LIKABLE10 & 0RI<TE\S0 IMAGE = ! MOVEM5T4 ,ONCE1 SOME ,NUIT ,DEB\T SECURITY MEMB]S TRI$ TO EXT+UI% A BONFIRE ?AT SOME ( US HAD />T$1 ON ! GR\NDS ?AT !Y HAD DECID$ ?AT BONFIRES W]E =BIDD5--BUT ABOVE ALL BECAUSE !Y WANT$ TO AVOID ANY TR\BLE ) POLICE4 ,YET DESPITE !SE FEW MOM5TS ( T5SION1 P>TICIPANTS 9 ,NUIT ,DEB\T G5]ALLY DID WELL 9 RESPECT+ A DIV]SITY ( ACTIONS & VALUES4 

,F9ALLY1 WE HAVE NO IDEA IF ADVICE FROM ,OCCUPY ,WALL ,/REET P>TICIPANTS MADE AN IMPACT ON ,NUIT ,DEB\T1 AS WE W]E NOT PRES5T DUR+ !SE DISCUSSIONS4 ,H[EV]1 UN=TUNATELY1 IT IS C]TA9 ?AT ,NUIT ,DEB\T WAS NOT ABLE TO DI/ANCE ITSELF FROM ! TRADITIONAL POLITICAL MASQU]ADE1 AS EVID5C$ BY ! W>M WELCOME ADDRESS$ TO ,MIGUEL ,URBAN ,CRESPO 7! ,EUROPEAN ,DEPUTY ( ,PODEMOS71 & ! =M] F9ANCE M9I/] ( ,GREECE1 ,YANIS ,V>\FAKIS1 :5 !Y MADE !IR SPEE* AT ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE4 ,ONCE AGA91 WE SEE H[ 0ROMANTICISM10 D5IAL1 OR SIMPLY A LACK ( UND]/&+ ( =EIGN SOCIAL & POLITICAL CONTEXTS CAN IMPACT A SOCIAL MOVEM5T4 ,IT IS /ILL SURPRIS+ = US ?AT !SE 9T]NATIONAL FIGURES FROM ! SO-CALL$ 0ALT]NATIVE LEFT0 W]E TAK5 S]I\SLY RA!R ?AN OP5LY CONFRONT$ OR CRITICIZ$ BY ! CR[D AT ! G5]AL ASSEMBLY--ESPECIALLY CONSID]+ ! SOCIAL & POLITICAL SITUATION ( !IR RESPECTIVE C\NTRIES4 

,:AT LIMITS DID ,NUIT ,DEB\T REA*1 & :Y8 

,! MA9 LIMIT ?AT ,NUIT ,DEB\T 5C\NT]$ WAS ITS FAILURE TO CONT9UE EXP&+4 ,BY ! 5D ( ,JUNE1 ! MOVEM5T WAS ONLY DRAW+ A FEW DOZ5 PEOPLE TO ITS DAILY G5]AL ASSEMBLIES4 ,H[ CAN WE EXPLA9 ?IS PH5OM5ON8 

,FIR/1 IT SEEMS ?AT ,NUIT ,DEB\T DID NOT SUCCE$ 9 REA*+ MANY PEOPLE FROM \TSIDE ! ,ALT]NATIVE ,LEFT OR ,ULTRALEFT CIRCLES4 ,?IS REPRES5TS A MAJOR PROBLEM1 ESPECIALLY :5 ! MOVEM5T CLAIM$ TO EMBODY A 0CONV]G5CE ( /RUGGLES40 ,MANY PEOPLE :O EXP]I5CE ! VIOL5CE ( \R SY/EM AT A HI<] LEVEL DUE TO !IR SOCIAL BACKGR\ND MU/ NOT HAVE FELT ANY 9T]E/ 9 ! PROPOSALS MADE BY ,NUIT ,DEB\T1 OR SIMPLY DID NOT FEEL 9CLUD$ BY ! MOVEM5T4 ,!SE FAILURES CONTRIBUT$ TO A LACK ( DIV]SITY4 ,AS A RESULT1 ! ,FR5* ,OCCUPY MOVEM5T SOMETIMES FELT MORE LIKE AN ACTIVI/S' MICROCOSM ?AN AN 9CLUSIVE MOVEM5T 9 :I* EV]YONE C\LD FEEL WELCOME4 

,DUR+ DISCUSSIONS AT ,NUIT ,DEB\T1 SOME ( US EXP]I5C$ RESI/ANCE TO AN>*I/ & REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS4 ,EV5 IF WE W]E ALL[$ TO SPEAK \R M9DS1 SOME PEOPLE W]E NOT READY TO *ALL5GE !IR [N BELIEFS1 HABITS1 OR COM=T4 ,IT WAS *ALL5G+ TO >GUE TO PEOPLE ?AT RE9V5T+ \R RELATION%IPS & \RSELVES %\LD NOT BE LIMIT$ TO ,NUIT ,DEB\T1 BUT %\LD BECOME A WIDESPREAD PRACTICE4 

,F9ALLY1 SOME ( ! PRACTICES & P[] DYNAMICS 9TEGRAL TO ,NUIT ,DEB\T CONTRIBUT$ TO ITS DECL9E4 ,9 AN EF=T TO APPROXIMATE 0DEMOCRATIC EQUALITY10 ! 0(FICIAL0 MOD]ATORS ALL[$ EV]YONE PRES5T TO ADDRESS ! CR[D AB\T SUBJECTS ( !IR *OOS+1 GIV+ EA* SPEAK] ! SAME AM\NT ( TIME TO DEVELOP !IR ?\<TS--JU/ A C\PLE M9UTES4 ,AL?\< APPEAL+ 9 !ORY1 ?IS PRACTICE RAPIDLY REVEAL$ ITS %ORTCOM+S1 AS IMPOS+ ! SAME SPEAK+ TIME ON EA* ORATOR DID NOT A*IEVE ! EXPECT$ EFFECTS4 ,9/EAD1 ?IS DECISION 5D$ UP PREV5T+ SPONTANEITY & S]I\S DISCUSSION4 ,FUR!RMORE1 BECAUSE ! MOD]ATORS DELIB]ATELY REFRA9$ FROM DIRECT+ OR REFRAM+1 ! CONV]SATION MOV$ >BITR>ILY FROM ONE SUBJECT TO ANO!R )\T ANY CLOSURE4 ,:ILE ATT5D+ G5]AL ASSEMBLIES AT ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE1 IT WAS NOT UNCOMMON TO HAVE ! IMPRESSION ?AT ONE WAS P>TICIPAT+ 9 GR\P !RAPY--9 :I* EV]YONE C\LD EXPRESS !IR FRU/RATION 9 PUBLIC--RA!R ?AN TAK+ P>T 9 A CON/RUCTIVE DISCUSSION ?AT W\LD LEAD TO IMPORTANT DECISIONS = ! MOVEM5T & \R FUTURE4 

,ULTIMATELY1 ! FATIGUE RESULT+ FROM WEEKS ( ACTIVISM & OCCUPATION--! FEEL+ ( CON/ANTLY GO+ >\ND 9 CIRCLES 9 ! G5]AL ASSEMBLY--! 9CAPACITY TO RALLY MORE PEOPLE TO ! MOVEM5T--! LACK ( 9T]E/ 9 PREP>+ = :AT W\LD COME NEXT--& 9CREAS+ POLICE H>ASSM5T AT ! SQU>E PUT AN 5D TO ! ,FR5* ,OCCUPY MOVEM5T4 

,9CREAS+ ! ,PRESSURE 

,APRIL #e1 #baf - ,?AT ,TUESDAY MORN+1 /UD5TS & ACTIVI/S GA!R$ AT ,PLACE DE LA ,NATION = ANO!R AUTONOM\S & (F5SIVE DEMON/RATION4 ,?AT DAY1 SEV]AL AFF9ITY GR\PS DECID$ TO JO9 =CES & WORK H& 9 H& = /RATEGIC PURPOSES4 ,POLICE =CES W]E ALREADY CONTROLL+ ACCESS TO ! MA9 SQU>E BY SE>*+ ! BAGS ( POT5TIAL 0?REAT5+ PROTE/]S40 ,!SE SECURITY MEASURES DID NOT /OP MANY ( US FROM P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! ACTION4 ,AS SOON AS ! CR[D ( DEMON/RATORS RU%$ 9TO ! /REET1 A L>GE BLACK BLOC APPE>$ AT ! FRONT BE>+ SEV]AL RE9=C$ BANN]S4 ,LESS ?AN T5 M9UTES AFT] ! BEG9N+ ( ! PROTE/1 NUM]\S POLICE =CES BEGAN TO 5CROA* ON ! BACK ( ! M>*4 ,TO /OP ?IS1 P>T ( ! BLOC CONFRONT$ !M4 

,AFT] LONG M9UTES ( 9T5SE CONFRONTATION1 ! RIOT BRIGADES *>G$ US & SUCCE$$ 9 SPLITT+ ! M>* 9 TWO1 ISOLAT+ ! HEAD--:]E ! BLACK BLOC WAS--FROM ! RE/ ( ! CR[D4 ,SEV]AL >RE/S TOOK PLACE DUR+ ! POLICE *>GE1 & ! MAJORITY ( US 5D$ UP CORN]$ BETWE5 POLICE L9ES & A L>GE WALL4 ,?IS M>K$ ! 5D ( ! ACTION4 ,AFT] MORE ?AN AN H\R ( WAIT+1 ! POLICE RECEIV$ ! ORD] TO SE>* & >RE/ AS MANY PEOPLE AS !Y C\LD4 ,AS A RESULT1 MORE ?AN A HUNDR$ PEOPLE W]E S5T TO POLICE /ATIONS TO GET !IR ,I,DS *ECK$ BE=E BE+ RELEAS$4 

,!RE >E SEV]AL WAYS TO UND]/& ! FAILURE ( ?IS MORN+ ACTION3 FIR/1 ! CR[D WAS NOT COMPACT 5\<1 :I* 5ABL$ ! POLICE TO SEP>ATE ! 0POT5TIAL ?REATS0 FROM O!R DEMON/RATORS4 ,ALSO1 ! CONFRONTATIONS LA/$ LONG] ?AN !Y %\LD HAVE1 ALL[+ US TO MAKE MORE MI/AKES & TO BECOME MORE VULN]ABLE4 ,F9ALLY1 ! BLOC REMA9$ COMPLETELY /ATIC1 AS MO/ ( US W]E ONLY FOCUS+ ON ! CLA%ES2 !RE W\LD HAVE BE5 NO REAL OB/ACLE OR DANG] IF WE HAD CONT9U$ MOV+ ?R\< ! /REETS4 

,LAT] ?AT DAY1 SOME ( US MET AT ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE DUR+ ,NUIT ,DEB\T4 ,SOME COMRADES W]E /ILL DETA9$ AFT] ! MORN+ EV5TS2 !Y C\LD BE FAC+ CRIM9AL *>GES4 ,TO %[ SOLID>ITY1 WE 9ITIAT$ A PRISON] SUPPORT ACTION4 ,WE APPEAL$ TO O!RS AT ,NUIT ,DEB\T TO GA!R 9 FRONT ( ! POLICE /ATION :]E \R FRI5DS W]E DETA9$4 ,MANY PEOPLE LEFT ! ,REPUBLIQUE & />T$ CONV]G+ 9 ! ,SA9T ,MI*EL DI/RICT :]E1 DECADES E>LI]1 /UD5TS HAD CREAT$ B>RICADES DUR+ ! UPRIS+ ( ,MAY #a#i#f#h4 ,A SPONTANE\S DEMON/RATION BEGAN BLOCK+ TRAFFIC AS WE APPROA*$ ! POLICE /ATION ON RUE DE LA ,MONTAGNE ,SA9TE ,G5EVIEVE4 ,AB\T FIFTY PEOPLE JO9$ US 9 FRONT ( ! /ATION1 *ANT+ 9 UNISON1 0,FREE \R COMRADES60 

,9 ! MEANTIME1 O!R PEOPLE BEGAN BLOCK+ ! MAJOR 9T]SECTION NEXT TO ! /ATION1 EMPLOY+ V>I\S COMPON5TS FROM A NE>BY CON/RUCTION SITE AS B>RICADES4 ,DUE TO ! TRAFFIC ?IS CREAT$1 ! POLICE CALL$ = RE9=CEM5TS1 :I* HAD GREAT DIFFICULTY REA*+ \R LOCATION4 ,KN[+ ?AT ! RE9=CEM5TS W]E F9ALLY APPROA*+ ! POLICE /ATION1 ! CR[D DECID$ TO LEAVE ! 9T]SECTION & BEGAN ANO!R WILD M>* T[>DS ! CA!DRAL ,NOT]-,DAME4 ,NE> ! CA!DRAL1 POLICE TRI$ TO BLOCK SOME ( US1 BUT )\T ANY REAL SUCCESS4 ,9DE$1 MORE & MORE PEOPLE FROM ,NUIT ,DEB\T W]E ALREADY CONV]G+ 9 FRONT ( ! POLICE /ATION4 ,?IS SOLID>ITY ACTION LA/$ UNTIL E>LY ! NEXT MORN+1 GA!R+ MORE ?AN A HUNDR$ PEOPLE4 

,IF WE CAN DRAW CONCLUSIONS FROM ?IS ACTION1 WE W\LD >GUE ?AT SPONTANEITY1 MOTION1 & DET]M9ATION TOOK ! POLICE BY SURPRISE & GAVE US A CLE> ADVANTAGE AGA9/ !M ?AT NI<T4 ,?IS ALSO %[S H[ ,NUIT ,DEB\T WAS US$ AS A PLAT=M TO 9=M PROTE/]S AB\T PLANN$ 9ITIATIVES4 

,APRIL #i1 #baf - ,FOLL[+ A MAJOR DEMON/RATION1 ?\S&S ( PEOPLE GA!R$ AS USUAL AT ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE TO SP5D ANO!R NI<T AT ,NUIT ,DEB\T4 ,! FIR/ ACTION ?AT TOOK PLACE ?AT NI<T WAS AGA9/ BORD]S4 ,>\ND #i PM1 SEV]AL HUNDR$ PEOPLE LEFT ! OCCUPI$ SQU>E & W5T TO ,/AL+RAD4 ,ONCE !RE1 PROTE/]S DE/ROY$ ALL ! F5CES ?AT PREV5T$ MIGRANTS & REFUGEES LIV+ 9 ?IS DI/RICT FROM SETT+ UP !IR T5TS & BUILD+ A CAMP UND] ! ELEVAT$ METRO /ATION4 ,AFT]W>DS1 ! GR\P IMPROVIS$ A WILD M>* BACK TO ,REPUBLIQUE4 

,A BIT LAT]1 DUR+ ! G5]AL ASSEMBLY1 ?REE SPEAK]S MADE ! SAME FUNNY PROPOSAL3 :Y NOT 9VITE \RSELVES TO GET A QUICK DR9K AT \R ,PRIME ,M9I/]'S H\SE8 ,HIS H\SE WAS LOCAT$ ON RUE ,KELL] 9 ! ,BA/ILLE DI/RICT1 NOT TOO F> FROM ,REPUBLIQUE4 ,AFT] WALK+ >\ND ! SQU>E TO 9ITIATE ! ACTION1 WE C\LD HE> FROM ! CR[D DIFF]5T VOICES %\T+ 0,AP]ITIF AT ,VALLS'60 

,AS A RESULT1 AB\T #c PEOPLE LEFT ! SQU>E & 5T]$ ! ONLY B\LEV>D ?AT WAS NOT BLOCK$ BY ! POLICE4 ,AT A QUICK PACE--MOBILITY BE+ \R *IEF ASSET AGA9/ POLICE SQUADS--! CR[D MADE ITS WAY ?R\< ! /REETS1 HAPPILY *ANT+ ! ALREADY FAM\S 0,P>IS1 DEB\T1 S\LEVE TOI60 70,P>IS1 /& UP1 RISE UP607 & 0,T\T LE MONDE DETE/E LA POLICE60 70,EV]YONE HATES ! POLICE6074 ,DUR+ \R ADVANCE ON ! ,PRIME ,M9I/]'S ADDRESS1 SEV]AL QUICK CONFRONTATIONS ) POLICE TOOK PLACE1 ! POLICE /ATION ( ! #a#a? DI/RICT WAS ATTACK$1 POLICE C>S P>K$ \TSIDE W]E DE/ROY$1 & SMALL B>RICADES APPE>$ 9 ! /REETS4 ,ACCESS TO ! ,PRIME ,M9I/]'S BUILD+ IS WELL-GU>D$1 & POLICE RE9=CEM5TS %[$ UP RAPIDLY4 ,REA*+ ,MANUEL ,VALLS' AP>TM5T W\LD HAVE NOT *ANG$ ANY?+1 ANYWAY1 AS HE WAS 9 ,ALG]IA4 ,POLICE TROOPS SURR\ND$ P>T ( ! REMA9+ CR[D2 AFT] HALF AN H\R1 !Y DECID$ TO LET EV]YONE GO1 PEPP] SPRAY+ EV]YONE ONE LA/ TIME = GOOD MEASURE4 

,ON !IR WAY BACK TO ,REPUBLIQUE1 ! REMA9+ C\PLE HUNDR$ PEOPLE1 JO9$ BY SOME NEW SUPPORT]S1 9ITIAT$ ANO!R (F5SIVE ACTION4 ,SURPRIS+LY1 TRAFFIC HAD NOT BE5 9T]RUPT$ ON ! MA9 B\LEV>D LEAD+ TO ! OCCUPI$ SQU>E1 & POLICE =CES W]E TOTALLY ABS5T4 ,ACTIVI/S TOOK ! /REETS AGA91 SMA%+ ADV]TIS+ BILLBO>DS & EV]Y S+LE FRONT W9D[ ( ! BANKS & 9SURANCE AG5CIES ON !IR WAY4 ,AT ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE1 !RE W]E /ILL A GOOD ?\S& PEOPLE PRES5T & A BONFIRE WAS LIT4 ,! RE/ ( ! NI<T WAS SP5T 9 RIOTS4 ,PEOPLE />T$ PUTT+ B>RICADES 9TO ! /REETS1 SOME SURVEILLANCE CAM]AS W]E SABOTAG$1 PROJECTILES W]E ?R[N AT LAW 5=CEM5T UNITS1 & AN ,AUTO,LIB C>--! NAME GIV5 TO ! ELECTRIC C>-%>+ S]VICE OP]AT$ BY ! 9DU/RIAL HOLD+ GR\P ,BOLLORE--WAS SET ON FIRE4 ,POLICE RESPOND$ BY *>G+ ! SQU>E1 US+ FLA%-BANG GR5ADES1 & %OOT+ RUBB] BULLETS1 9FLICT+ SEV]AL >RE/S & 9JURIES4 

,APRIL #a#d1 #baf - ,AFT] MORE ?AN A MON? ( NATIONAL MOBILIZATIONS AGA9/ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL ET SON MONDE1 ! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T WAS READY TO DO :ATEV] IT TOOK TO BURY ! MOVEM5T ONCE & = ALL4 ,! AU?ORITIES GAVE POLICE MORE MAT]IAL & HUMAN RES\RCES1 BUT ALSO MORE FRE$OM TO IMPOSE 0SOCIAL ORD]0 9 ! /REETS4 

,A NATIONAL COORD9ATION ( /UD5TS ORGANIZ$ A PROTE/ = ! AFT]NOON ( ,APRIL #a#d4 ,! 9ITIAL R\TE WAS TO CONNECT ,PLACE DE LA ,BATAILLE DE ,/AL+RAD TO ,PLACE DE LA ,BA/ILLE4 ,AS USUAL1 GR\PS ( /UD5TS1 AN>*I/S1 & MEMB]S ( ! ,ULTRALEFT MET 9 ! MORN+ AT ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE ) ! 9T5TION ( 9ITIAT+ A WILD ACTION ?AT W\LD 5D BY JO9+ ! AFT]NOON'S AU?ORIZ$ DEMON/RATION4 ,ON !IR WAY TO ,/AL+RAD1 ! M>* ATTACK$ NUM]\S SYMBOLS ( CAPITALISM & ! /ATE4 ,UPON REA*+ ,/AL+RAD SQU>E1 ! M>* FAC$ NUM]\S POLICE SQUADS ?AT W]E ALREADY SURR\ND+ P>T ( ! AFT]NOON DEMON/RATION4 ,IT SEEM$ ?AT ! POLICE HAD RECEIV$ ORD]S TO CONTA9 ! CR[D & TO BLOCK OR DELAY ! PROTE/'S DEP>TURE4 ,DECID+ NOT TO LET ! POLICE DIVIDE US1 WE />T$ CONFRONT+ ! CLOSE/ POLICE L9ES 9 ORD] TO CREATE A BREA* ?AT W\LD ALL[ ALL ! DEMON/RATORS TO JO9 TOGE!R4 

,! POLICE ULTIMATELY RETREAT$ UND] 9CREAS+ PRESSURE & ! ACTION F9ALLY />T$4 ,! T5SION WAS PALPABLE4 ,CONFRONTATIONS ]UPT$ AS SOON AS ! HEAD ( ! DEMON/RATION REA*$ ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE4 ,LOOK+ AT ! POLICE PRES5CE AT ! SQU>E1 IT WAS OBVI\S ?AT !Y HAD RECEIV$ ! ORD] TO /OP ! PROTE/ BY ANY MEANS NECESS>Y4 ,!Y EMPTI$ ! 5TIRE SQU>E BY ?R[+ TE> GAS CANI/]S & FLA%-BANG GR5ADES4 

,?AT NI<T1 ,PRESID5T ,FRANCOIS ,HOLL&E WAS 9VIT$ TO A LIVE POLITICAL ,T,V %[ TO TALK ) A PANEL ( SELECT$ CITIZ5S4 ,NUIT ,DEB\T DECID$ TO PROJECT ! DEBATE4 ,AS USUAL1 WE W5T TO ! SQU>E TO 0TAKE ! TEMP]ATURE0 ( ! CR[D & SEE IF !RE W\LD BE ANY OPPORTUNITIES4 ,AFT] ! EV5TS ( ! AFT]NOON1 POLICE =CES HAD 9CREAS$ !IR PRES5CE ALL >\ND ! SQU>E4 ,DUR+ ! DISCUSSION1 ,PRESID5T ,HOLL&E CLE>LY /AT$ ?AT ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL W\LD NOT BE )DRAWN1 BUT SOME MODIFICATIONS C\LD BE MADE DUR+ DIALOGUES ) TRADE UNION REPRES5TATIVES4 

,SOON AFT] ! DEBATE 5D$1 WE GA!R$ ) O!R RADICALS & />T$ WALK+ >\ND ! SQU>E AS AN ATTEMPT TO 9ITIATE SOME?+4 ,QUICKLY1 PEOPLE LIT TOR*ES & SOME ( US />T$ *ANT+ 0,SI ON NE M>*E PAS1 CA NE M>*]A PAS60 70,IF WE DON'T TAKE ACTION1 NO *ANGE WILL COME607 :ILE O!RS DISCUSS$ :E!R TO GO TO ! ,PRESID5TIAL ,PALACE4 

,HUNDR$S ( PEOPLE SET \T = ! ,B\LEV>D ,SA9T-,M>T91 BUT W]E /OPP$ BY POLICE L9ES4 ,:ILE A GR\P ( US CONFRONT$ ! M5 9 BLUE1 ! RE/ DECID$ TO CONT9UE ! ACTION BY 5T]+ ! ,B\LEV>D ,MAG5TA1 :]E1 ONCE AGA91 POLICE =CES W]E WAIT+ = US & />T$ %OOT+ FLA%-BANG GR5ADES & TE> GAS4 ,H[EV]1 :ILE FOCUS+ ON ! SMALL GR\P CONFRONT+ !M1 POLICE =CES MADE A /RATEGIC MI/AKE3 !Y NEGLECT$ TO SECURE AN ADJAC5T /REET4 ,WE TOOK ADVANTAGE ( ! SITUATION BY 5T]+ ! RUE ,LEON ,J\HAUX & UNLEA%+ ! /ORM4 

,! FIR/ T>GET ATTACK$ WAS ! REGIONAL ,CU/OMS' BUILD+4 ,AT ! 5D ( ! /REET1 WE ALL CROSS$ ! BRIDGE ( ! ,SA9T ,M>T9 CANAL1 !N TURN$ ON ! ,QUAI DE ,JEMMAPES1 9CREAS+ \R PACE & COV]+ ! WALLS ) \R ?\<TS1 DREAMS1 & DESIRES4 ,A BIT FUR!R1 SOME PEOPLE SMA%$ ! FRONT W9D[S ( A CORPORATE GROC]Y /ORE1 !N RU%$ 9SIDE TO LOOT EV]Y?+ !Y C\LD4 ,AHEAD1 WE C\LD SEE NUM]\S POLICE VEHICLES COM+ \R WAY4 ,TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( !IR LACK ( MOBILITY1 WE TOOK A N>R[ /REET1 HEAD+ NOR? TO ! ,B\LEV>D DE LA ,VILLETTE4 ,ALONG ! WAY1 WE EXPRESS$ \R RAGE BY DE/ROY+ BANKS1 REAL E/ATE & 9SURANCE AG5CIES1 ,AUTO,LIB C>S1 BUS %ELT]S1 BILLBO>DS1 & A ,POLE ,EMPLOI AG5CY--AN ADM9I/RATIVE 9/ITUTION 9 *>GE ( EMPLOYM5T ?AT ACTIVELY P>TICIPATES 9 MA9TA9+ ! CONDITIONS ( EXPLOITATION BY PROVID+ A DESP]ATE WORK=CE1 RE9=C+ SOCIAL 9EQUALITIES1 & DE/ROY+ PEOPLE'S LIVES BY D5Y+ OR R$UC+ UNEMPLOYM5T B5EFITS4 

,AT ,COLONEL ,FABI51 WE TOOK ! ,AV5UE ,MA?UR9 ,MOREAU1 LEAD+ TO ! ,BUTTES ,*AUMONT ,P>K4 ,AGA91 SEV]AL ,AUTO,LIBS W]E DE/ROY$1 & HA/Y B>RICADES W]E ]ECT$ 9 ! /REET TO SL[ POLICE VEHICLES4 ,AS A W9K TO ! ,C,O,P #ba DECISION TO R$UCE GRE5H\SE GAS EMISSIONS1 SOME ( US DECID$ TO ASSI/ BY DE/ROY+ A LUXURY C> DEAL]%IP LOCAT$ NE>BY4 ,ONCE 9 FRONT ( ! P>K1 :AT REMA9$ FROM ! HUNDR$S ( PEOPLE :O HAD LEFT ,REPUBLIQUE CONT9U$ WALK+ T[>DS ! #a#i? DI/RICT'S ,CITY ,HALL4 

,H[EV]1 FEEL+ ?AT ! W9D W\LD SOON] OR LAT] TURN1 WE DECID$ ?AT IT WAS ! RI<T MOM5T = US TO LEAVE ! ACTION--:I* 5D$ FEW M9UTES LAT] ANYWAY1 :5 ! FIR/ POLICE SQUAD %[$ UP JU/ AFT] ! CR[D REA*$ ,CITY ,HALL4 ,9DE$1 AS WE W]E )DRAW+ ?R\< ANO!R AV5UE1 WE PASS$ DOZ5S ( RIOT COPS :O W]E TRY+ TO REA* ! DEMON/RATION4 

,NEV]!LESS1 ! >RIVAL ( NUM]\S POLICE RE9=CEM5TS 9 ! >EA--A DESP]ATE ATTEMPT TO REGA9 CONTROL ( ! SITUATION--DID NOT *ANGE ! C\RSE ( ! EV5+4 ,?AT NI<T1 ! /ORM RAG$ 9 ! /REETS ( ,P>IS1 & WE W]E P>T ( IT4 

,APRIL #b#a1 #baf - ,:ILE TAK+ P>T 9 ,NUIT ,DEB\T AT ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE1 WE GOT WORD ?AT AN 9ITIATIVE TO HELP MIGRANTS & REFUGEES WAS PLANN$ = LAT] ?AT NI<T4 ,! IDEA WAS TO OP5 A NEW SQUAT SOME:]E 9 ,P>IS = MIGRANTS TO OCCUPY4 ,TO SUCCE$1 SU* AN ACTION W\LD REQUIRE SUPPORT FROM \TSIDE TO PREV5T ! POLICE FROM 9T]V5+4 ,WE W]E 9=M$ ?AT ! LOCATION WAS ALREADY SELECT$1 & ?AT1 AT ! APPO9T$ H\R1 WE W\LD RECEIVE ! ADDRESS4 ,9 ! MEANTIME1 O!R ACTIVI/S W\LD LEAD A GR\P ( REFUGEES TO ! LOCATION4 

,WE EV5TUALLY RECEIV$ ! ADDRESS1 LEFT ,REPUBLIQUE1 & TOOK ! METRO TO \R DE/9ATION4 ,! SQUAT WAS AN UNOCCUPI$ HI< S*OOL ON ,AV5UE ,SIMON ,BOLIV>1 NE> ! ,PYR5EES /ATION1 9 ! NOR!A/ ( ,P>IS4 ,AFT] WAIT+ 9 SMALL GR\PS \TSIDE FA/ FOOD RE/AURANTS OR CAFES TO LOOK LESS SUSPICI\S1 WE LE>N$ ?AT ! GR\P ( MIGRANTS WAS CLOSE4 ,! CR[D CONV]G$ 9 FRONT ( ! BUILD+1 OCCUPY+ ! 5TIRE SIDEWALK & HID+ ! MA9 5TRANCE FROM SI<T4 ,SEV]AL ACTIVI/S SNEAK$ 9SIDE ! HI< S*OOL1 OP5$ ! MA9 5TRANCE = ! MIGRANTS1 & !N1 A FEW M9UTES LAT]1 CLOS$ & LOCK$ ! DOORS FROM 9SIDE4 ,ALTOGE!R1 ! 5TIRE ACTION ONLY TOOK SEV]AL M9UTES4 

,UN=TUNATELY1 ! AU?ORITIES W]E W>N$ ?AT SOME?+ UNUSUAL WAS HAPP5+ 9 ! NEI<BORHOOD1 & ! FIR/ POLICE C> PATROL %[$ UP JU/ AFT] ! DOORS W]E CLOS$4 ,WE DECID$ TO /AY NE> ! SQUAT1 READY TO RESPOND TO POLICE 9T]V5TION4 ,POLICE RE9=CEM5TS /OPP$ 9 FRONT ( ! SQUAT1 BUT 9 ! 5D !Y DID NO?+ MORE ?AN TRY TO SEE IF ! BUILD+ WAS OCCUPI$ & ?REAT5 US4 

,DESPITE SEV]AL ACTIONS TO SUPPORT ?IS 9ITIATIVE1 ! SQUAT ONLY LA/$ = TWO WEEKS4 ,ON ,TUESDAY1 ,MAY #c1 LATE AT NI<T1 WE RECEIV$ A LA/-M9UTE APPEAL TO GA!R 9 FRONT ( ! SQUAT E>LY ! NEXT MORN+1 AS AN EVICTION WAS IMM95T 9 CONSEQU5CE ( A DECISION ( ! ,ADM9I/RATIVE ,C\RT ( ,P>IS4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 ! L>GE CR[D ?AT RESPOND$ TO ! APPEAL C\LD NOT DO MU* TO /OP ?IS MASSIVE POLICE OP]ATION4 ,AS EXPECT$1 ON ,MAY #d1 E>LY 9 ! MORN+1 POLICES 5T]$ 9 ! SQUAT & VIOL5TLY EVICT$ ALMO/ #c MIGRANTS4 

,MAY #a1 #baf - ,= MANY C\NTRIES >\ND ! WORLD1 ,MAY ,DAY IS ! 9T]NATIONAL DAY ( WORK]S1 PAY+ TRIBUTE TO ! WORK]S' /RUGGLES ( ! LATE #a#i? C5TURY & ! 9TRODUCTION ( ! EI<T-H\R WORKDAY4 ,H[EV]1 IT HAS A DIFF]5T CONNOTATION 9 ,FRANCE4 ,9 #a#i#d#a1 ,M>%AL ,PETA9--F]V5T ANTI-,SEMITE1 HEAD ( ! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T DUR+ ! OCCUPATION1 & ONE ( ! MA9 PEOPLE RESPONSIBLE = /ATE COLLABORATION ) ! ,NAZIS--5ACT$ NEW LEGISLATION /AT+ ?AT ,MAY ,DAY W\LD BE CALL$ 0LA FETE DU ,TRAVAIL ET DE LA ,CONCORDE SOCIALE0 70! DAY ( LABOR & SOCIAL H>MONY074 ,! OBJECTIVE ( ! LAW WAS TO CREATE A RUPTURE ) SOCIALISM & ,M>X'S !ORY ( CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,S9CE ?AT LAW1 ,LABOR ,DAY 9 ,FRANCE CONT9UES TO BE> ! NAME 0,FETE DU ,TRAVAIL10 PAY+ TRIBUTE TO ,PETA9'S MAXIM 0,TRAVAIL1 ,FAMILLE1 ,PATRIE0 70,WORK1 ,FAMILY1 ,FA!RL&074 

,H[ IRONIC & EXCIT+ IT WAS = US TO TAKE ! /REETS ON ,LABOR ,DAY1 !N1 :5 WE HAD BE5 FI<T+ = ALMO/ TWO MON?S AGA9/ A NEW WORK RE=M--BUT ALSO AGA9/ ! CONCEPT ( WORK ITSELF & ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC SY/EM AS A :OLE4 ,WE W]E ABSOLUTELY DET]M9$ TO SEE H[ ?IS DAY W\LD UNFOLD4 

,EV]Y ,MAY ,DAY1 DUR+ ! MORN+1 TRADITIONAL AN>*I/ UNIONS SU* AS ! ,C,N,T1 ! ,F$]ATION ,AN>*I/E1 & ,ALT]NATIVE ,LIB]TAIRE GA!R AT ,PLACE DES ,FETES = AN AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ DEMON/RATION TO PAY TRIBUTE TO ! EV5TS ( ! ,HAYM>KET & ITS M>TYRS4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 !SE PROTE/S >E PURELY SYMBOLIC--!Y >E MORE AK9 TO A NICE ,SUNDAY FAMILY \T+ UND] BLACK & R$ FLAGS ?AN A PASSIONATE1 (F5SIVE AN>*I/ ACTION4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ALONGSIDE ) O!R AUTONOM\S AN>*I/S & 9SURRECTIONI/S1 WE DECID$ TO JO9 !IR RANKS TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! FE/IVITIES--& :O KN[S1 MAYBE MAKE ! EV5T MORE EFFECTIVE ?AN USUAL4 

,HUNDR$S ( PEOPLE TOOK P>T 9 ! DEMON/RATION FROM ,PLACE DES ,FETES TO ,PLACE DE LA ,BA/ILLE1 ! (FICIAL DEP>TURE PO9T ( ! NATIONAL ,LABOR ,DAY DEMON/RATION4 ,! AN>*I/ M>* WAS MORE FUN & (F5SIVE ?AN WE HAD EXPECT$3 ! WALLS ( A *UR* W]E SPRAY PA9T$1 SPECIFIC /ORES1 W9D[S1 & ,A,T,MS W]E R$ECORAT$1 & FIRECRACK]S & O!R PROJECTILES W]E ?R[N AT SOME POLICE SQUADS4 ,AS A :OLE1 ! ACTION W5T )\T A HIT*1 AS POLICE KEPT !IR DI/ANCE FROM US MO/ ( ! TIME4 ,! ONLY DISCORDANT ASPECT ( ! MORN+ WAS ?AT SOMEONE :O ID5TIFI$ ) AN>*O-SYNDICALISM />T$ ?REAT5+ SOME ( US = ATTACK+ SYMBOLS ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,HIS MA9 >GUM5TS W]E ?AT SU* ACTIONS W]E /UPID & DANG]\S BECAUSE !Y W\LD GET US ALL >RE/$4 ,?IS EXAMPLE HI<LI<TS SOME ( ! CONFLICTS BETWE5 DIFF]5T S*OOLS ( ?\<T 9 AN>*ISM--BUT MO/LY1 IT %[S H[ DEEPLY ROOT$ SKEPTICISM T[>DS A PLURALITY ( TACTICS REMA9S AMONG MANY ACTIVI/S4 

,AS HAD BECOME USUAL S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! MOVEM5T1 AN>*I/S1 AUTONOM\S RADICALS1 & NONAFFILIAT$ 9DIVIDUALS TOOK ! LEAD 9 ! DEMON/RATION4 ,:AT A GREAT PLEASURE IT WAS TO DO ?IS ON ,LABOR ,DAY1 RELEGAT+ TRADE UNIONS--POLITICAL TRAITORS & PAWNS ( E/ABLI%$ POLITICAL P[]--TO ! 5D ( ! PROCESSION :]E !Y BELONG1 BEH9D ?OSE :O REFUSE ANY K9D ( POLITICAL HIJACK+ OR REPRES5TATION4 

,! LEA/ WE CAN SAY IS ?AT ! 0AUTONOM\S PROCESSION0 ON ,MAY ,DAY WAS 9CR$IBLE4 ,WE HAD NEV] SE5 ?\S&S ( PEOPLE ( ALL AGES1 G5D]S1 & SOCIAL BACKGR\NDS 9T]ACT+ 9 SU* A P[]FUL & *AOTIC H>MONY4 

,BECAUSE POLICE HAD (T5 %OT TE> GAS CANI/]S1 FLA%-BANG GR5ADES1 & RUBB] BULLETS AT DEMON/RATORS S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! MOVEM5T1 NUM]\S PEOPLE CAME TO ! PROTE/ ) PROTECTIVE EQUIPM5T3 SAFETY OR SWIMM+ GOGGLES1 FACE MASKS1 GAS MASKS1 SC>VES1 FIR/ AID M$ICAL KITS1 & MORE4 ,AS SOON AS ! DEMON/RATION />T$1 WE SET ! TONE BY ATTACK+ ! ISOLAT$ POLICE UNITS POSITION$ ALONG \R R\TE4 ,ALL K9DS ( PROJECTILES W]E ?R[N AT !M3 GLASS BOTTLES1 /ONES1 FIRECRACK]S1 FIREWORKS4 ,DESPITE ! IMPOS+ POLICE PRES5CE--FROM POLICE (FIC]S 9 PLA9 CLO!S 7RECOGNIZABLE FROM MILES AWAY7 FOLL[+ US ON EA* SIDE ( ! M>* TO RIOT SQUADS AT EA* 9T]SECTION & 9 FRONT ( POT5TIAL T>GETS--WE MANAG$ TO REMA9 (F5SIVE1 COMPACT1 & 9 CON/ANT MOTION4 

,UN=TUNATELY1 ! SITUATION *ANG$ ONCE WE REA*$ ! 9T]SECTION ( ! ,B\LEV>D ,DID]OT & ! RUE DE ,*ALIGNY4 ,!RE1 POLICE =CES SUCCE$$ 9 BLOCK+ US1 &1 TO SOME EXT5T1 DISORI5T+ US BY ATTACK+ ! M>* FROM SEV]AL DIRECTIONS AT ONCE4 ,AFT] LONG M9UTES ( CONFRONTATION1 RIOT POLICE SQUADS SL[LY GA9$ ! UPP] H&1 DIVID+ ! HEAD ( ! DEMON/RATION 9TO TWO P>TS4 ,AGA91 WE PAID ! PRICE = \R FAILURE TO /AY MOBILE1 A MI/AKE WE HAD ALREADY MADE 9 ! PA/ & FAIL$ TO LE>N FROM4 ,! FIR/ P>T ( ! GR\P WAS COMPLETELY SURR\ND$ BY POLICE L9ES ONLY HALF A MILE FROM \R DE/9ATION1 ,PLACE DE LA ,NATION4 ,AGA9 & AGA91 WE CONFRONT$ ! POLICE L9ES 9 HOPES ( CREAT+ A BREA*1 BUT )\T SUCCESS4 

,H[EV]1 ! SECOND P>T ( ! 0AUTONOM\S PROCESSION10 :I* REMA9$ ALL ?AT TIME BEH9D POLICE L9ES1 REFUS$ TO DISP]SE OR TO CONT9UE DEMON/RAT+ )\T US4 ,9 SOLID>ITY1 HOP+ TO REUNIFY ! HEAD ( ! DEMON/RATION1 !Y 9CREAS$ ! PRESSURE >\ND ! POLICE L9ES BY GETT+ CLOS] & COLLECTIVELY SCREAM+ ANTI-POLICE *ANTS4 ,AFT] ALMO/ AN H\R )\T MOV+1 POLICE BRIGADES F9ALLY BACK$ D[N1 AS !Y W]E COMPLETELY SURR\ND$ & C\LD NOT H&LE ! PRESSURE ANYMORE4 ,:5 ! TWO CR[DS REUNIT$1 WE ALL JO9$ 9 LONG *E]+ & ! PROTE/ RESUM$ ITS C\RSE4 ,DUR+ ! HALF MILE ?AT REMA9$ TO \R DE/9ATION1 WE SPRAY PA9T$ ALMO/ EV]Y WALL1 SMA%$ BILLBO>DS1 & SOME ( US ATTACK$ A SMALL GR\P ( RIOT POLICE 9 A NE>BY /REET4 ,ALL !SE 9ITIATIVES RECEIV$ ACCLAMATIONS FROM ! CR[D4 ,!N1 SUDD5LY1 ?\S&S ( PEOPLE BEGAN *ANT+ 9 UNISON 0,N\S SOMMES T\S DES CASSEURS0 70,WE >E ALL RIOT]S07 UNTIL WE REA*$ ,PLACE DE LA ,NATION4 

,?IS LA/ EV5T MI<T SEEM TRIVIAL2 9 REALITY1 IT REPRES5TS AN EXTREMELY IMPORTANT IDEOLOGICAL %IFT 9 ! MOVEM5T4 ,S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! MOVEM5T AGA9/ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL ET SON MONDE1 M$IA FIGURES & POLITICIANS HAD WORK$ H& 9 H& TO MAKE A DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! 0LEGITIMATE1 GOOD1 RESPECTFUL1 & NONVIOL5T DEMON/RATORS0 & ! 0CASSEURS0 OR O!R 0RIOT]S0 BELONG+ TO ! NOTORI\S 0BLACK BLOC10 :O SUPPOS$LY HAD NO LEGITIMACY OR PLACE 9 ! MOVEM5T4 ,UN=TUNATELY = !M1 ! EV5TS ( ,MAY ,DAY BROKE !IR SPELL4 ,PEOPLE REALIZ$ ?AT ! SO-CALL$ 0RIOT]S0 W]E JU/ DEMON/RATORS LIKE EV]YBODY ELSE4 ,MOREOV]1 DUR+ ! CONFRONTATIONS1 !Y EXP]I5C$ MUTUAL AID & SOLID>ITY1 AS ! 0RIOT]S0 W]E !RE TO PROVIDE ASSI/ANCE :]EV] IT WAS NE$$1 TO REASSURE PEOPLE :O W]E SC>$ AB\T ! SITUATION1 TO PROTECT O!RS DUR+ POLICE *>GES1 & TO ?R[ TE> GAS CANI/]S BACK AT ! POLICE :O %OT !M4 ,AFT] EXP]I5C+ DISPROPORTIONAL POLICE OPPRESSION ON ,MAY ,DAY1 MORE & MORE PEOPLE BECAME CRITICAL ( ! POLICE AS AN 9/ITUTION4 

,MAY #a1 #baf - ,DUE TO ! 9CREAS+ UNPOPUL>ITY ( ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL AMONG P>T ( ! ,FR5* POPULATION1 BUT ALSO AS A CONSEQU5CE ( ! DIFFICULTY ! GOV]NM5T HAD 9 CONTA9+ ! ANG] ( ! SOCIAL MOVEM5T1 ,PRIME ,M9I/] ,MANUEL ,VALLS ANN\NC$ ?AT AFT] CONSULT+ HIS M9I/]S HE HAD DECID$ TO 9VOKE >TICLE #d#i3#c ( ! ,CON/ITUTION4 ,?IS >TICLE ALL[S HIM TO 5GAGE ! RESPONSIBILITY ( ! GOV]NM5T 9 ADOPT+ A LAW4 ,BY DO+ SO1 ! LAW IS CONSID]$ ALREADY ADOPT$ )\T PASS+ ?R\< ! TRADITIONAL DEBATES & VOTE AT ! ,ASSEMBLEE ,NATIONALE4 ,! ONLY WAY TO C\NT] SU* A PROCESS IS BY PRES5T+ A MOTION ( NO CONFID5CE )9 #bd H\RS4 ,US+ >TICLE #d#i3#c TO IMPOSE ! WORK RE=M BY =CE HAS ! M]IT ( REVEAL+ ! TRUE FACE ( REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY4 

,:5 ?IS WAS MADE PUBLIC1 PEOPLE CONV]G$ 9 FRONT ( ! ,ASSEMBLEE ,NATIONALE1 ! L[] H\SE ( ! ,FR5* ,P>LIAM5T4 ,= ! OCCASION1 ,NUIT ,DEB\T ALSO RELOCAT$ ITS G5]AL ASSEMBLY 9 FRONT ( ?AT BUILD+4 ,UPON >RIV+1 WE DISCOV]$ ?AT AN IMPOS+ POLICE DEPLOYM5T WAS ALREADY WAIT+ = US4 ,POLICE SQUADS & VEHICLES C\LD BE SE5 EV]Y:]E >\ND ! >EA4 ,SOME W]E GU>D+ ! FRONT ( ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY2 O!RS W]E /&+ BY1 WAIT+ = ORD]S1 READY TO ATTACK US FROM ! RE> IF NE$$4 ,H[EV]1 ! POLICE PRES5CE DID NOT 9TIMIDATE ! ?\S&S ( PEOPLE :O GA!R$ ?AT NI<T 9 FRONT ( ! BUILD+ TO %[ !IR OPPOSITION TO ! GOV]NM5T4 

,UN=TUNATELY1 = ! MO/ P>T1 ! ACTION REMA9$ /ATIC1 AS POLICE L9ES C>EFULLY CONTA9$ ! EXP&+ CR[D BY BLOCK+ /RATEGIC ACCESSES OR SURR\ND+ GR\PS ( DEMON/RATORS1 LIKE ON ! ,CONCORDE ,BRIDGE4 ,FRU/RAT$ BY SU* 9ACTION1 & KN[+ ?AT SOON] OR LAT] POLICE RE9=CEM5TS W\LD %[ UP TO SECURE ! 5TIRE >EA1 SOME ( US DECID$ TO PAY A VISIT TO ! ,P>TI ,SOCIALI/E HEADQU>T]S LOCAT$ A C\PLE /REETS AWAY4 ,:5 \R GR\P F9ALLY DECID$ TO JO9 !M1 IT WAS ALREADY TOO LATE1 AS POLICE W]E COM+ \R WAY4 ,TO AVOID BE+ SURR\ND$1 WE W5T D[N TO ! DOCKS & RAN ! OPPOSITE WAY UNTIL WE REA*$ A SAFE LOCATION4 ,AFT] ?IS %ORT JOG1 WE DECID$ TO CROSS ! ,SE9E ,RIV] & RELOCAT$ TO ! ,QUAI DES ,TUIL]IES4 ,FROM :]E WE W]E /&+1 WE SAW A L>GE GR\P ( DEMON/RATORS LEAV+ ! SITE ( ! ,ASSEMBLEE ,NATIONALE & HEAD+ T[>DS ! ,ORSAY ,MUSEUM4 ,9/ANTLY1 TE> GAS CANI/]S W]E %OT AT ! CR[D4 

,AT ! SAME TIME1 ON \R SIDE ( ! RIV]1 POLICE />T$ EVICT+ GR\PS ( DEMON/RATORS FROM ! ,CONCORDE ,BRIDGE4 ,AS IT WAS OBVI\S ?AT POLICE W]E BECOM+ DI/RACT$ DEAL+ ) ALL !SE DIFF]5T SITUATIONS1 WE DECID$ TO TAKE ! OPPORTUNITY TO />T \R [N ACTION4 ,WE %\T$ = DEMON/RATORS TO JO9 US & BEGAN WALK+ RAPIDLY T[>DS ! ,L\V]4 ,AS EXPECT$1 ! SPONTANEITY ( \R ACTION & \R MOBILITY RAPIDLY GAVE US PRECI\S ADVANTAGES AGA9/ \R PURSU]S4 ,NE> ! ,PONT ,ROYAL ,BRIDGE1 AS POLICE VEHICLES W]E GA9+ GR\ND1 WE ?REW B>RI]S & CON/RUCTION EQUIPM5T 9TO ! MIDDLE ( ! ROAD4 ,WE CROSS$ ! ,J>D9 DES ,TUIL]IES & ! ,L\V]1 & !N F\ND \RSELVES FACE TO FACE ) ! /ATUE ( ,JOAN ( ,>C1 FRE%LY DECORAT$ ) WREA?S ( FL[]S4 ,IT TOOK US ONLY FEW SECONDS TO PR(ANE & V&ALIZE ?IS PLACE ( WOR%IP SO DE> TO ! ,NATIONAL ,FRONT1 FASCI/S ( ALL K9DS1 & O!R TRADITIONALI/S4 ,AS SOON AS POLICE VEHICLES %[$ UP1 WE RU%$ 9TO ! N>R[ /REETS ( ! WEAL?Y DI/RICTS ( ,P>IS4 ,WE CONT9U$ \R PLEASANT NI<T /ROLL BY PASS+ NE> ! ,OP]A1 !N HEAD$ T[>DS ! OLD ,B\RSE DU ,COMM]CE1 \R EQUIVAL5T ( ! ,U,S ,/OCK ,EX*ANGE1 LEAV+ SPORADIC M>KS ( \R PASSAGE BE=E F9ALLY VANI%+ 9TO ! SIL5CE ( ! NI<T4 ,LAT] ?AT EV5+1 WE LE>N$ ) 5?USIASM ?AT SEV]AL SIMIL> ACTIONS HAD TAK5 PLACE 9 O!R P>TS ( ! CITY4 

,MAY #a#g1 #baf - ,DESP]ATE TO F9ALLY MUZZLE ! SOCIAL MOVEM5T AGA9/ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL1 ! AU?ORITIES DECID$ TO MAKE USE ( ! 0/ATE ( EM]G5CY40 ,SEV]AL P]SONS RECEIV$ (FICIAL DOCUM5TS PROHIBIT+ !M FROM TAK+ P>T 9 ! MAJOR DEMON/RATION S*$UL$ = ,MAY #a#g4 ,H[EV]1 !SE BANS W]E CANCEL$ AFT] ?AT AN ADM9I/RATIVE JUDGE DECL>$ ?AT SU* DOCUM5TS REPRES5T$ A VIOLATION ( ! FRE$OM TO DEMON/RATE4 

,! LEA/ WE CAN SAY IS ?AT ! 5TIRE M>*1 FROM ,ECOLE ,MILITAIRE TO ! ,PLACE ,D5F]T-,RO*]EAU1 WAS ODD4 ,FIR/1 TO REA* ! DEMON/RATION ITSELF1 WE HAD TO CROSS SEV]AL SECURITY CORDONS1 :]E POLICE (FIC]S C>EFULLY SE>*$ \R BAGS TO CONFISCATE ALL TYPES ( EQUIPM5T ?AT C\LD BE USEFUL DUR+ CONFRONTATIONS4 ,= ! FIR/ TIME1 WE FELT LIKE ALL ?IS WAS SOME K9D ( A TRAP4 ,H[EV]1 SOME ( US MANAG$ TO JO9 ! M>* )\T BE+ SE>*$1 F9D+ OPPORTUNITIES TO GET >\ND SEV]AL SECURITY *ECKPO9TS4 

,ANO!R /RANGE ASPECT WAS ! FACT ?AT ! POLICE W]E LEAD+ ! PROCESSION1 :I* DID NOT BO!R TRADE UNIONS & DEMON/RATORS AT ALL4 ,LOOK+ AT ! CR[D ( DEMON/RATORS1 IT REALLY SEEM$ LIKE WE W]E NO?+ BUT A FLOCK QUIETLY FOLL[+ ITS %EPH]D1 EMPTI$ ( ANY PASSION4 ,LUCKILY = US1 ! W9D F9ALLY TURN$ ONCE WE 5T]$ ! ,B\LEV>D DU ,MONTP>NASSE4 ,GR\PS ( PEOPLE DRESS$ 9 BLACK BEGAN TO APPE> AMONG ! CR[D ( /UD5TS2 %ORTLY AFT]1 ! FIR/ PROVOCATIONS AGA9/ POLICE L9ES OCCURR$4 ,! AUTONOM\S GR\P WAS BACK1 READY & DET]M9$ TO 9T]RUPT ! LE?>GY ( ?IS PROTE/4 

,LONG CONFRONTATIONS TOOK PLACE UNTIL ! 5D ( ! DEMON/RATION4 ,AT SOME PO9TS1 ! /REETS W]E LIT]ALLY FULL ( TE> GAS4 ,NEV]!LESS1 WE MANAG$ TO REA* \R DE/9ATION1 ,PLACE ,D5F]T-,RO*]EAU4 ,ONCE ON ! SQU>E1 WE SAW ?AT MO/ ( ! EXITS W]E CLOS$ & CONTROLL$ BY POLICE4 ,\R BE/ *ANCE TO AVOID BE+ TRAPP$ WAS TO EXIT ! SQU>E ! SAME WAY WE HAD COME 94 ,?IS MEANT MAK+ \R WAY \T ?R\< ! V>I\S TRADE UNIONS REPRES5T$ 9 ! M>*4 ,:ILE WE W]E HEAD+ T[>DS ! 5TRANCE ( ,B\LEV>D ,RASPAIL TO EXIT ! SQU>E1 ! CLOSE/ TRADE UNION M>* /OPP$4 ,SUDD5LY1 ! TRADE UNION MEMB]S 9 *>GE ( SECURITY OP5$ ! TRUNK ( A C> & >M$ !MSELVES ) BASEBALL BATS1 IRON B>S1 & PICKAX H&LES1 =M+ A L9E 9 FRONT ( US1 CLOS+ ! ONLY SAFE EXIT FROM ! SQU>E & HELP+ ! POLICE TO ACCOMPLI% !IR GOAL ( CONTROLL+ ! CR[D4 ,AFT] LONG M9UTES ( BITT] >GUM5TS DUR+ :I* DEMON/RATORS & TRADE UNION SECURITY MEMB]S EX*ANG$ ?REATS1 !Y F9ALLY OP5$ !IR L9ES SO ?AT PEOPLE C\LD LEAVE ! SQU>E4 

,?IS EV5T ILLU/RATES ! T5SIONS ?AT EXI/ BETWE5 ! TRADE UNIONS & ! NONAFFILIAT$ P>T ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,IT IS NOT EASY TO ID5TIFY ! REASONS SOME TRADE UNIONI/S DECID$ TO >M !MSELVES TO ASSI/ ! POLICE ?AT DAY4 ,WE CAN ONLY ASSUME ?AT !Y W]E EXASP]AT$ FROM HAV+ NO LEGITIMACY 9 ! SOCIAL MOVEM5T & NO CONTROL OV] IT1 & EXPRESS$ !IR FRU/RATION AGA9/ ?OSE !Y ACCUS$ ( RU9+ !IR POLITICAL IMAGE4 

,MAY #a#h1 #baf - ,ON ,W$NESDAY1 ,MAY #a#h1 ! CONS]VATIVE & REACTION>Y POLICE UNION ,ALLIANCE ORGANIZ$ A PROTE/ AT ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE TO D5\NCE ! 0ANTI-COP HATR$0 ?AT HAD BE5 9CREAS+ DUR+ ! MOVEM5T4 ,( C\RSE1 EV]YONE UND]/OOD ?AT ?IS VICTIM RHETORIC WAS PURELY /RATEGIC4 ,HAV+ SU* A MEET+ = POLICE UNIONI/S & (FIC]S TO SPEAK AB\T ! DIFFICULTY ( !IR WORK WAS A WAY TO DIV]T ATT5TION FROM ! DAILY VIOL5CE P]PETRAT$ BY ! M5 9 BLUE4 ,CONC]N+ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL1 IT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO C\NT H[ MANY PEOPLE HAD BE5 BEAT51 9JUR$1 OR >RE/$ S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,F9ALLY1 ! FACT ?AT ! GA!R+ WAS ORGANIZ$ AT ,REPUBLIQUE1 :]E ! ,FR5* OCCUPY MOVEM5T />T$ & :]E PEOPLE HAD CONFRONT$ ! POLICE TOGE!R MANY TIMES1 REPRES5T$ AN OP5 PROVOCATION FROM ! POLICE4 ,! POLICE W]E 5GAG+ 9 A T]RITORIAL W> 9 ORD] TO REASS]T DOM9ANCE4 

,AS SOON AS WE HE>D AB\T ! POLICE GA!R+1 WE DECID$ ?AT WE W\LD ALSO CONV]GE AT ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE TO DISRUPT !IR PROTE/4 ,DUE TO ! NATURE ( ?IS EV5T1 WE KNEW ?AT REA*+ ! SQU>E W\LD BE DIFFICULT--& P]HAPS DANG]\S1 AS ! POLICE (FIC]S JO9+ ! DEMON/RATION W\LD NOT BE AT WORK1 & !RE=E EV5 MORE FREE FROM REGULATIONS ?AN POLICE (FIC]S USUALLY >E4 ,E>LY 9 ! MORN+1 SOME US MET AWAY FROM ! SQU>E1 ) ! 9T5TION ( APPROA*+ IT CASUALLY 9 GR\PS ( TWO OR ?REE4 

,UN=TUNATELY1 ?IS /RATEGY DIDN'T WORK AT ALL4 ,AS WE HEAD$ T[>DS ,REPUBLIQUE1 TWO ( US PASS$ BY TWO UNM>K$ POLICE VEHICLES ?AT WE HAD PREVI\SLY SPOTT$1 & AS SOON AS WE CROSS$ ! NEXT /REET1 (FIC]S 9 PLA9 CLO!S /OPP$ US TO SE>* & 9T]ROGATE US4 ,AFT] SEV]AL FAIL$ ATTEMPTS TO LE>N :AT WE W]E DO+ 9 ! >EA & :E!R WE W]E 9VOLV$ ) ! 0AUTONOM\S LEFT-W+ MOVEM5T10 ! LEAD] ( ! SQUAD LO/ HIS PATI5CE & />T$ TO ?REAT5 US4 ,!Y HAD NO?+ !Y C\LD USE AGA9/ US1 SO WE LEFT !M4 

,9 ! MEANTIME1 AT ,REPUBLIQUE1 A FEW HUNDR$ PEOPLE W]E GA!R+ = ! 0ANTI-COP HATR$0 PROTE/4 ,SOME POLITICIANS %[$ UP TO SUPPORT ! ANGRY CR[D ( POLICE (FIC]S & SYMPA?IZ]S4 ,! CR[D W>MLY WELCOM$ SEV]AL MEMB]S ( ! ,FRONT ,NATIONAL :O JO9$ ! PROTE/4 ,SOME ( US SUCCE$$ 9 GA!R+ NOT TO F> FROM ! SQU>E1 BUT AS ALL ! 5TRANCES W]E HEAVILY GU>D$1 WE DECID$ TO />T \R [N ACTION NE> ! POLICE GA!R+4 ,:ILE WALK+ ON ! ,QUAI DE ,VALMY1 DEMON/RATORS =TUIT\SLY 5C\NT]$ A POLICE PATROL4 ,)\T A SECOND ?\<T1 !Y ATTACK$ ! POLICE C> /UCK 9 TRAFFIC1 SMA%+ ITS W9D[S & ?R[+ A LIT TOR* 9 ! BACK SEAT4 ,! POLICE (FIC]S EXIT$ !IR VEHICLE & IMPOT5TLY WAT*$ IT GO UP 9 FLAMES4 

,:E!R OR NOT WE AGREE ) ! WAY ! EV5TS UNFOLD$1 SETT+ A POLICE C> ON FIRE--:ILE ONLY HALF A MILE AWAY1 POLICE (FIC]S W]E PROTE/+ AGA9/ 0ANTI-POLICE HATR$0--IS A BEAUTIFUL POLITICAL ACT1 FULL ( POETRY & SYMBOLISM4 ,H[EV]1 AFT] ?IS EV5T1 ! AU?ORITIES C>RI$ \T WIT*-HUNTS1 >RE/+ SIX PEOPLE ALTOGE!R4 ,DUR+ ! SUBSEQU5T TRIALS1 JUDGES SAID ?AT SOME ( ?OSE *>G$ HAD BE5 ID5TIFI$ BY AN UND]COV] POLICE (FIC]--:I* IS QUITE SURPRIS+1 CONSID]+ ?AT ! PROTE/]S :O ATTACK$ ! POLICE C> HAD MASK$ !IR FACES4 ,UND] ! PRESSURE ( ! POLICE UNIONS1 ! JUDGES 9C>C]AT$ F\R ( \R COMRADES UND] ! FOLL[+ *>GES3 ATTEMPT$ VOLUNT>Y MANSLAU<T] ( A P]SON HOLD+ PUBLIC (FICE1 DE/RUCTION ( PROP]TY1 GR\P VIOL5CE1 & P>TICIPAT+ 9 A MASK$ >M$ GR\P4 ,SOME ( !M >E MEMB]S OR SYMPA?IZ]S ( ! ,P>IS & SUBURBS ,ANTIFASCI/ ,ACTION2 ANO!R IS ,K>A ,WILD1 AN AN>*I/ COMRADE & TRANS P]SON FROM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,JUNE #d1 #baf - ,:ILE ! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T & MU* ( ! POPULATION W]E WAIT+ = ! OP5+ ( ! ,EUROPEAN ,FOOTBALL ,CUP T\RNAM5T 9 ,FRANCE ON ,JUNE #a1 WE W]E ALL FOCUS$ ON KEEP+ ! MOVEM5T AGA9/ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL ET SON MONDE ALIVE4 ,ON ,JUNE #d1 AS EV]Y YE> S9CE #b#a#c1 AN ANTIFASCI/ DEMON/RATION TOOK PLACE TO COMMEMORATE ! DEA? ( ! Y\NG ACTIVI/ ,CLEM5T ,M]IC1 :O WAS MURD]$ BY NEO-,NAZIS ON ,JUNE #e1 #b#a#c4 

,HUNDR$S ( PEOPLE GA!R$ AT ,PLACE DE LA ,BATAILLE DE ,/AL+RAD1 SOME ,G]MAN COMRADES JO9$ US = ! OCCASION1 & AFT] A LONG WAIT1 ! CR[D />T$ LEAV+ ! SQU>E4 ,WE HE>D ?AT ! POLICE HAD MADE IT CLE> ?AT AS SOON AS ANY PROP]TY DE/RUCTION OR CONFRONTATIONS TOOK PLACE1 !Y W\LD IMM$IATELY /OP & DISP]SE ! PROCESSION--AS IF WE C>$ AB\T !IR ?REATS6 

,! ANTIFASCI/ & AUTONOM\S CR[D CROSS$ ! ,B\LEV>D DE LA ,VILLETTE & TOOK ! ,QUAI DE ,VALMY4 ,IT WAS NOT A CO9CID5CE ?AT AU?ORITIES *ANG$ \R R\TE AT ! LA/ M9UTE TO R$IRECT US ONTO ! SAME /REET :]E ! POLICE C> HAD BE5 SET ON FIRE A C\PLE WEEKS BE=E4 ,H[EV]1 AS SOON AS WE 5T]$ ! /REET1 ! BLACK WAVE GOT TO WORK4 ,W9D[S W]E SMA%$1 WALLS W]E SPRAY-PA9T$1 & TOR*ES W]E LIT AS PEOPLE *ANT$ ANTI-CAPITALI/ & ANTIFASCI/ SLOGANS4 ,EV]Y S+LE SYMBOL ( G5TRIFICATION ON \R PA? WAS R$ECORAT$ TO \R LIK+4 

,AFT] A LITTLE LESS ?AN A MILE1 SOME ( US DECID$ TO LEAVE ! ACTION1 :ILE ! RE/ ( ! M>* F\ND ITSELF FACE TO FACE ) POLICE =CES AT PRECISELY ! LOCATION :]E ! POLICE C> HAD BE5 SET ON FIRE4 ,CONSID]+ !IR PRES5CE A DELIB]ATE PROVOCATION1 SOME PEOPLE RESPOND$ BY ATTACK+ !M4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 AFT] A :ILE1 POLICE SQUADS SUCCE$$ 9 SURR\ND+ :AT REMA9$ ( ! M>*4 

,JUNE #a#d1 #baf - ,!RE W]E NATIONWIDE APPEALS TO JO9 ! AFT]NOON DEMON/RATION 9 ,P>IS ON ?IS SPECIAL DAY4 ,WE HE>D ?AT = ! OCCASION1 SEV]AL HUNDR$ BUSSES W]E SUPPOS$ TO CONV]GE 9 ! CAPITAL CITY4 ,IT SEEM$ ?AT PEOPLE W]E MORE DET]M9$ ?AN EV] TO CONFRONT ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! DEMON/RATION WAS SUPPOS$ TO />T FROM ! ,PLACE D',ITALIE & TAKE MA9 B\LEV>DS TO ! ,ESPLANADE DES ,9VALIDES4 ,*OOS+ ?AT LOCATION AS ! PO9T ( >RIVAL BR\<T BACK GOOD MEMORIES ( RIOTS DUR+ A DEMON/RATION AGA9/ ! ,C,P,E LAW 9 ,M>* #b#f--= SOME ( US1 \R FIR/ EXP]I5CES ( RIOT+4 ,C\LD WE CONSID] ?IS SOME K9D ( SIGN8 

,UN=TUNATELY1 SOME ( US JO9$ ! DEMON/RATION PRETTY LATE4 ,AS A RESULT1 WE MISS$ SOME REALLY 9T5SE CONFRONTATIONS ) POLICE1 ESPECIALLY ! ONE AT ! METRO /ATION ,DUROC1 NE> ! *ILDR5'S HOSPITAL ,NECK]4 ,:ILE MOV+ ?R\< ! CR[D TO GET CLOS] TO ! HEAD ( ! M>*1 WE REALIZ$ A FEW ?+S4 ,FIR/1 AN IMPRESSIVE NUMB] ( PEOPLE W]E 9 ,P>IS TO DEMON/RATE2 IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO SEE BO? 5DS ( ! PROTE/ AT ONCE4 ,IT HAS BE5 SAID ?AT AB\T ONE MILLION PEOPLE WALK$ 9 ! /REETS ( ,P>IS ?AT DAY4 ,SECOND1 WE EXP]I5C$ REAL COHESION1 SOLID>ITY1 & TRU/ AMONG ! PEOPLE :O =M$ ! N[ CLASSIC NONAFFILIAT$ AUTONOM\S PROCESSION4 ,:E!R A TRADE UNIONI/1 A /UD5T1 OR AN AN>*I/1 EV]YONE WAS FREE TO ACT AS %E OR HE WANT$1 & EV]YONE WAS TAK+ C>E ( EA* O!R4 ,= EXAMPLE1 WE SAW GR\PS ( TRADE UNIONI/S CONFRONT+ POLICE L9ES1 & SOME ( !M EV5 HELP$ US TO DE->RE/ COMRADES4 

,! 9T5SITY ( CONFRONTATIONS PEAK$ DUR+ ?IS DEMON/RATION4 ,! /REETS W]E COV]$ ) PROJECTILES ( ALL K9DS3 /ONES1 BROK5 GLASS BOTTLES1 TOR*ES1 EMPTY TE> GAS CANI/]S1 RUBB] BULLETS1 FLA%-BANG GR5ADES4 ,! WALLS W]E COV]$ ) PA9T$ MESSAGES2 ! SYMBOLS ( ! OLD WORLD W]E DE/ROY$1 ! W9D[S SMA%$4 ,= ! FIR/ TIME S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! MOVEM5T AGA9/ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL ET SON MONDE1 ! AU?ORITIES US$ A WAT] CANNON TO DISP]SE ! CR[D4 ,POLICE VIOL5CE ALSO 9T5SIFI$4 ,DUR+ ! H\R WE SP5T 9 ! DEMON/RATION1 WE SAW AB\T T5 PEOPLE 9JUR$ OR LAY+ ON ! GR\ND RECEIV+ ASSI/ANCE FROM DEMON/RATORS1 /REET M$ICS1 OR EM]G5CY P]SONNEL4 

,AS PLANN$1 ! DEMON/RATION 5D$ AT ! ,ESPLANADE DES ,9VALIDES4 ,:ILE ! M>* WAS SL[LY 5T]+ ! ESPLANADE1 ! CLASSIC CLOS+ CONFRONTATIONS BEGAN4 ,PROTE/]S />T$ ATTACK+ ! WAT] CANNON & ! CLOSE/ POLICE L9ES4 ,RIOT POLICE RESPOND$1 COV]+ ! ESPLANADE ) TE> GAS4 ,COM+ FROM ! SIDES1 GR\PS FROM ! ANTI-CRIM9ALITY BRIGADE 7,B,A,C7 9 PLA9CLO!S APPROA*$ ! CONFRONTATION ZONES4 ,POLICE =CES W]E PROGRESSIVELY GA9+ CONTROL ( ! 5TIRE ZONE4 ,AFT] MORE ?AN HALF AN H\R ( *AOS1 AFT] WITNESS+ A DI/RESS FL>E FROM POLICE L9ES1 WE DECID$ ?AT IT WAS TIME TO LEAVE ! ESPLANADE BE=E ! AU?ORITIES MANAG$ TO CLOSE ALL ! EXITS4 

,:ILE )DRAW+ FROM ,9VALIDES1 WE LE>N$ ?AT SOME PEOPLE W]E GA!R+ NE> ! ,S5ATE 9 ! ,SORBONNE DI/RICT = A 0PICNIC & SOCC]0 P>TY4 ,CURI\S TO KN[ :AT IT WAS AB\T1 WE DECID$ TO GO !RE4 ,AB\T A HUNDR$ PEOPLE W]E !RE1 HOLD+ A DISCUSSION 9 SOME K9D ( ASSEMBLY4 ,AFT] M9UTES ( WAIT+1 DO+ ABSOLUTELY NO?+ AS ! ACCESS TO ! ,S5ATE WAS HEAVILY GU>D$1 WE F9ALLY DECID$ TO CONT9UE ! DAY ( PROTE/ AGA9/ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL BY /OPP+ TRAFFIC & TAK+ ! /REETS = A NICE WALK4 ,WE FIR/ TOOK ! DIRECTION ( ! ,PAN!ON1 GO+ UP ! RUE ,S\FFLOT4 ,!N1 AS POLICE VEHICLES W]E FOLL[+ US1 WE ACCEL]AT$ \R PACE & TOOK ! RUE ,SA9T ,JACQUES4 ,WE TURN$ 9 FRONT ( ! PRE/IGI\S ,COLLEGE DE ,FRANCE1 TOOK ! FIR/ N>R[ /REET1 & CLIMB$ UP ! HILL AS POLICE VEHICLES W]E REALLY CLOSE TO US4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 AS SOON AS WE REA*$ ! ,PAN!ON AGA9 FROM ANO!R SIDE1 WE HAD TO DISP]SE AS POLICE W]E EXIT+ !IR VEHICLES4 

,AFT] ?IS QUICK BUT FUN WILD ACTION1 WE W5T TO ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE4 ,! SQU>E WAS SURPRIS+LY CR[D$1 & A BIT AFT] #i PM SOME ( US DECID$ TO IMPROVE ! SETT+ BY SETT+ A METRO SECURITY C> ON FIRE4 ,POLICE SQUADS RAPIDLY >RIV$ AT ! SQU>E4 ,! T5SION WAS PALPABLE4 ,WE KNEW ?AT MORE CONFRONTATIONS W]E GO+ TO OCCUR4 ,!N AB\T A ?\S& PEOPLE DECID$ TO LEAVE ! SQU>E = A WILD M>*1 FOLL[$ CLOSE BEH9D BY POLICE VEHICLES4 ,?AT WAS :5 WE DECID$ TO LEAVE ! ACTION & ,REPUBLIQUE4 

,AFT] ?AT DAY1 ! GOV]NM5T *ANG$ ITS /RATEGY REG>D+ DEMON/RATIONS4 ,FIR/1 ! AU?ORITIES CANCEL$ A MAJOR DEMON/RATION ?AT WAS PLANN$ = ,JUNE #b#c4 ,!IR JU/IFICATION = DO+ SO WAS ?AT1 DUE TO ! PA/ EV5TS DUR+ ! PREVI\S DEMON/RATION1 !Y W]E NOT ABLE TO 5SURE ! SAFETY ( PROP]TY OR 9DIVIDUALS ANYMORE4 ,:AT AN 9T]E/+ /ATEM5T1 ! GOV]NM5T ACKN[L$G+ ITS COMPLETE LOSS ( P[]6 ,H[EV]1 DUE TO ! OBJECTIONS ( TRADE UNIONS1 ! AU?ORITIES RECONSID]$ !IR DECISION4 ,F9ALLY1 ! DEMON/RATION WAS AU?ORIZ$ = ,JUNE #b#c1 ON TWO CONDITIONS3 ! AU?ORITIES W\LD IMPOSE ITS R\TE1 & POLICE W\LD 9T5SIFY !IR CONTROL ( DEMON/RATORS4 

,NATURALLY1 TRADE UNION LEAD]S ACCEPT$ !SE CONDITIONS4 ,WE DECID$ NOT TO TAKE P>T 9 ?IS DEMON/RATION4 ,!RE WAS NO REASON = US TO RU% /RAI<T 9TO A TRAP4 

,%ORTLY BE=E ,JUNE #b#c1 WE LE>N$ ?AT ! M>* W\LD MAKE A MILE-LONG LOOP >\ND ! ,P>ISIAN M>9A1 LEAV+ ,PLACE DE LA ,BA/ILLE TO F9ALLY REA*444 ,PLACE DE LA ,BA/ILLE4 ,TO PREV5T PROP]TY DE/RUCTION OR CONFRONTATIONS1 ! AU?ORITIES COV]$ EV]Y POT5TIAL T>GET ) WOOD5 PLANKS1 E/ABLI%$ A L>GE NUMB] ( SECURITY *ECKPO9TS1 & C>EFULLY POSITION$ !IR TROOPS ALL >\ND ! R\TE1 SO ?AT :]EV] Y\ W5T DUR+ ! DEMON/RATION1 POLICE SQUADS W\LD BE FAC+ Y\4 ,DESPITE ALL !SE MEASURES1 ! DEMON/RATION GA!R$ MORE ?AN #c1 P>TICIPANTS2 IT SEEMS ?AT SOME PEOPLE REALLY LOVE WALK+ 9 CIRCLES & BE+ MONITOR$4 ,ON ,JUNE #b#h1 ANO!R DEMON/RATION WAS ORGANIZ$ BETWE5 ,PLACE DE LA ,BA/ILLE & ,PLACE D',ITALIE1 BUT AS ! AU?ORITIES W]E ONCE AGA9 IMPOS+ ! RULES1 WE DECID$ TO /AY HOME4 

,H[EV]1 WE CONT9U$ TAK+ P>T 9 LESS (FICIAL 9ITIATIVES AT NI<T AT ,REPUBLIQUE4 ,ON ! EV5+ ( ,JULY #b1 AFT] ATT5D+ A B>BECUE ORGANIZ$ BY SOME PEOPLE CLOSE TO ! APPELI/ES1 AB\T A HUNDR$ PEOPLE LEFT ! P>TY TO 5JOY A NICE WALK 9 ! W>M SUMM] NI<T4 ,PEOPLE LEFT ,M5ILMONTANT & TOOK ! ,B\LEV>D DE ,BELLEVILLE4 ,WE REA*$ ! ,BELLEVILLE METRO /ATION AFT] SEV]AL DET\RS ?R\< ADJAC5T /REETS :]E PEOPLE DE/ROY$ TRA%CANS1 WROTE ON WALLS1 & *ANT$ JOYFULLY4 ,!RE1 SOME ( US ATTACK$ ! ,C,F,D,T HEADQU>T]S1 DE/ROY+ ALL ITS FRONT W9D[S4 ,SEV]AL M9UTES AFT]1 AS POLICE =CES W]E F9ALLY %[+ UP1 WE LEFT ! B\LEV>D & DISAPPE>$ 9TO ADJO9+ /REETS4 

,IT WAS NOT ! FIR/ TIME ?AT TRADE UNION BUILD+S W]E T>GET$ DUR+ ! MOVEM5T AGA9/ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL4 ,! ,C,F,D,T 7,CONF$]ATION ,FRANCAISE ,DEMOCRATIQUE DU ,TRAVAIL1 ,FR5* ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONF$]ATION ( ,WORK7 WAS REGUL>LY T>GET$ = REFUS+ TO TAKE A /& AGA9/ ! LAW4 

,TIME TO ,LE>N FROM ,\R ,MI/AKES & ,MOVE T[>D ! ,FUTURE 

,:AT HAPP5$ NEXT WAS PR$ICTABLE4 ,AS ALWAYS OCCURS DUR+ CONFRONTATIONAL SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 ! GOV]NM5T CONTA9$ POPUL> DISCONT5T AS MU* AS IT C\LD :ILE PLAY+ = TIME4 ,?IS /RATEGY SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 FRUITFUL3 AS ! SUMM] HOLIDAYS W]E APPROA*+1 (FICIALS KNEW ?AT ! MOVEM5T AGA9/ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL ET SON MONDE W\LD DIE D[N4 ,FRANCE HAS A REGRETTABLE T5D5CY TO GIVE UP /RUGGLES AS SOON AS ! SUMM] HOLIDAYS >E 9 SI<T4 ,NATURALLY1 POLITICIANS >E AW>E ( ?IS & TAKE ADVANTAGE ( IT BY PASS+ 0S5SITIVE0 LAWS :5 NO ONE IS >\ND TO RESI/4 

,AS EXPECT$1 AFT] TWO MORE APPLICATIONS ( >TICLE #d#i3#c ( ! ,CON/ITUTION1 ! ,ASSEMBLEE ,NATIONALE ADOPT$ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL DESPITE ! MON?S ( MOBILIZATION AGA9/ IT4 

,S9CE ! LAW WAS ADOPT$1 MORE EV5TS HAVE OCCURR$ 9 ,FRANCE4 ,FIR/1 FRI<T5$ BY ! APPEALS ?AT 9SURRECTIONI/S & AN>*I/S MADE TO PREV5T ! TRADITIONAL SUMM] MEET+ ( ! ,P>TI ,SOCIALI/E1 ! GOV]NM5T DECID$ TO SIMPLY CANCEL ! EV5T4 ,ON ,AUGU/ #c#a1 ,NUIT ,DEB\T GA!R$ SEV]AL HUNDR$ PEOPLE AT ,PLACE DE LA ,REPUBLIQUE = !IR FIR/ G5]AL ASSEMBLY S9CE SUMM] BREAK4 ,!N1 TO CELEBRATE /UD5TS GO+ BACK TO S*OOL1 !RE WAS ANO!R NATIONAL DEMON/RATION AGA9/ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL ET SON MONDE ON ,SEPTEMB] #a#e4 ,AS USUAL1 !RE W]E 9T5SE CONFRONTATIONS ) ! POLICE2 SEV]AL PETROL BOMBS W]E ?R[N AT ! RIOT SQUADS4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 S9CE !N1 NO MORE MAJOR DEMON/RATIONS AGA9/ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL HAVE OCCURR$4 

,9 ! MEANTIME1 FASCI/S1 RELIGI\S TRADITIONALI/S1 CONS]VATIVES1 & POLICE =CES HAVE ALSO BE5 MOBILIZ+4 ,! ,MANIF ,P\R ,T\S1 AN ORGANIZATION GA!R+ RELIGI\S TRADITIONALI/S1 HOMOPHOBES1 & FASCI/S ?AT BECAME NOTORI\S AFT] DEMON/RAT+ AGA9/ SAME-SEX M>RIAGE 9 LATE #b#a#b-#b#a#c1 TOOK ! /REETS AGA9 9 ,OCTOB] #baf TO D5\NCE G5D] !ORY1 ,M$ICALLY ,ASSI/$ ,PROCREATION1 & ?IRD-P>TY REPRODUCTION4 ,! DEMON/RATION GA!R$ T5S ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE1 F> EXCE$+ !IR E>LI] NUMB]S4 ,MOREOV]1 9 ,P>IS1 AN ACCOMMODATION C5T] = HOMELESS PEOPLE HAS BE5 ATTACK$ SEV]AL TIMES S9CE ITS CON/RUCTION4 ,! LA/ ATTACK OCCURR$ ON ,NOVEMB] #e1 AT NI<T1 :5 SOMEONE TRI$ TO SET ! C5T] ON FIRE :ILE #bg ADULTS & #bd *ILDR5 W]E 9SIDE IT4 ,F9ALLY1 9 LATE ,OCTOB]1 POLICE (FIC]S TOOK ! /REETS AFT] ONE ( !M WAS 9JUR$ BY A PETROL BOMB :ILE ON DUTY 9 A CASE NOT RELAT$ TO ! MOVEM5T AGA9/ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL4 ,!Y W]E DEM&+ MORE EQUIPM5T & ASSI/ANCE FROM ! GOV]NM5T1 BUT ALSO ?AT ! CONDITIONS JU/IFY+ SELF-DEF5SE %\LD BE REVIEW$4 

,AS ! NEXT ,PRESID5TIAL ELECTIONS W]E TO TAKE PLACE 9 SPR+ #b#a#g1 ! GOV]NM5T DECID$ TO ACCEL]ATE ITS PACE ( DECISION-MAK+ BY AU?ORIZ+ ! COMPLETE DE/RUCTION & EVICTION ( ! 0,JUNGLE10 ! MIGRANT CAMP 9 ,CALAIS ON ! WAY TO ,BRITA94 ,! OP]ATION BEGAN ON ,OCTOB] #b#d4 ,:ILE BULLDOZ]S & EXCAVATORS PROTECT$ BY POLICE W]E DE/ROY+ T5TS & O!R H&-MADE HABITATIONS1 MIGRANTS W]E =CIBLY S5T TO O!R ACCOMMODATIONS4 ,! TRU? IS ?AT1 = SOME ( !M1 ! J\RNEY 5D$ 9 ,FR5* DET5TION C5T]S4 ,A WEEK LAT]1 ! DISMANTLEM5T ( ! 0,JUNGLE0 CONCLUD$ AS ! LA/ %ELT]S W]E DE/ROY$ ON ! AFT]NOON ( ,OCTOB] #c#a4 ,MORE ?AN #f MIGRANTS & REFUGEES W]E EVICT$ DUR+ ?IS OP]ATION4 ,ON ,MONDAY1 ,NOVEMB] #a#d1 ! ,ADM9I/RATIVE ,C\RT ( ,APPEAL ( ,NANTES R5D]$ ITS DECISION1 AU?ORIZ+ ! CON/RUCTION ( ! ,NOT]-,DAME-,DES-,L&ES AIRPORT1 IGNOR+ ! PRO(S ( POT5TIAL 5VIRONM5TAL IMPACT PRES5T$ A WEEK BE=E BY ITS [N PUBLIC RAPPORTEUR4 

,9 VIEW ( ! OV]ALL POLITICAL & SOCIAL SITUATION 9 ,FRANCE1 WE CAN SEE ?AT ! UPCOM+ MON?S WILL BE CRUCIAL 9 %AP+ \R FUTURE4 ,?IS IS :Y WE TOOK ! TIME TO ANALYZE :AT HAPP5$ DUR+ ! MON?S ( SOCIAL UPHEAVAL AGA9/ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL ET SON MONDE1 TO MAKE A SELF-CRITICISM & RAISE QUE/IONS4 ,SU* REFLECTIONS %\LD BE MADE COLLECTIVELY1 SO ?AT !Y B5EFIT FROM MANY DIFF]5T EXP]I5CES & ANALYZES4 

,TO (F] \R [N CONTRIBUTION TO ?IS PROCESS1 WE W\LD LIKE TO DISCUSS H[ ! GLORIFICATION ( 09SURRECTION0 9 \R CIRCLES C\LD 5D UP ALI5AT+ US4 ,( C\RSE1 WE HAVE ALL %>$ ?IS DREAM AT LEA/ ONCE--?AT PEOPLE W\LD SUDD5LY RISE UP TO OV]?R[ ! GOV]NM5T TOGE!R4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 IT SEEMS TO US ?AT DUR+ ! EV5TS RELAT$ TO ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL1 ?IS OBSESSION MO/LY RESULT$ 9 CONC5TRAT+ \R EF=TS ON DIRECTLY CONFRONT+ POLICE =CES4 ,!SE CONFRONTATIONS BECAME A K9D ( R\T9E--= SOME ( US1 !Y BECAME ! ONLY REASON TO P>TICIPATE 9 A DEMON/RATION4 

,OV] TIME1 ?IS APPROA* %[$ ITS LIMITS1 AS POLICE SQUADS CEAS$ TO BE SURPRIS$ BY \R ATTACKS4 ,SEV]AL TIMES1 IT WAS OBVI\S ?AT !Y W]E EXPECT+ US TO ATTACK1 ?AT !Y ACTUALLY WANT$ US TO4 ,?OSE W]E ! MOM5TS :5 WE MISS$ IMPORTANT OPPORTUNITIES TO DIV]SIFY \R TACTICS & IMPLEM5T NEW /RATEGIES 9 ORD] TO CONT9UE TAK+ !M BY SURPRISE4 ,ONCE AGA91 WE >E CONV9C$ ?AT SPONTANEITY1 MOBILITY1 & ! ELEM5T ( SURPRISE >E ! KEY ELEM5TS ?AT CAN GIVE US A CLE> ADVANTAGE4 

,?IS T5D5CY TO FOCUS ON CONFRONTATION ALONE IS 9T]RELAT$ ) ! PROBLEM ( BECOM+ 9TEGRAT$ 9TO ! SAME SPECTACLE ?AT WE CRITICIZE4 ,WE ALL KN[ ?AT M$IA \TLETS >E P>TIAL TO S5SATIONAL & SPECTACUL> IMAGES ( 0RIOT]S0 ATTACK+ POLICE =CES4 ,N[ADAYS1 WE >E NOT ONLY UND] ! CAM]AS ( MA9/REAM M$IA & POLICE (FIC]S1 BUT ALSO ( O!R ACTIVI/S :O >E DOCUM5T+ EV]Y MOM5T ( \R ACTIONS4 ,LIKE IT OR NOT1 WE TOO >E BECOM+ PRISON]S ( \R IMAGE4 ,BY ACTIVELY P>TICIPAT+ 9 RE9=C+ ! CULTURE ( ! SPECTACLE1 WE FE$ & RE9=CE \R [N OBSESSION ) RIOT+ & 9SURRECTION4 ,EV5 IF WE CRITICIZE ?IS TR5D1 WE ALSO ACKN[L$GE ?AT SU* FOOTAGE MI<T HAVE SOME UTILITY = PRES5T+ EV5TS TO O!R ACTIVI/S4 

,F9ALLY1 WE BELIEVE ?AT WE %\LD DI/ANCE \RSELVES FROM ! CURR5T OBSESSION ) 9SURRECTION & ITS RHETORIC4 ,IF WE DO NOT DO SO1 WE MAY 5D UP DI/RACT+ \RSELVES FROM \R TRUE OBJECTIVES4 ,9/EAD1 WE %\LD KEEP \R M9DS CLE>1 WORK TOGE!R ON NEW PROJECTS1 & F9D NEW & SUBV]SIVE WAYS TO LIB]ATE \RSELVES FROM ! OLD WORLD4 ,SEV]AL MON?S AGO1 APPELI/ES CLAIM$ ?AT !RE WILL BE NO PRESID5TIAL ELECTION 9 #b#a#g2 ) ! B5EFIT ( H9DSI<T1 ?IS /RIKES US AS A BIT OPTIMI/IC4 ,ALL ! SAME1 IT IS TIME TO LE>N FROM \R MI/AKES1 BUT ALSO FROM \R VICTORIES1 TO ACKN[L$GE \R LIMITS & \R CAPACITIES TO EXCE$ SOME ( !M4 ,ALL ?IS1 9 ORD] TO ADVANCE UPON ! FUTURE & PREP>E \RSELVES = NEW HORIZONS4 

,PO/SCRIPT3 ,ON ! ,EVE ( ! ,PRESID5TIAL ELECTION 

,WE WILL CONCLUDE ) A BRIEF OV]VIEW ( SEV]AL EV5TS ?AT TOOK PLACE 9 ,FRANCE S9CE WE DRAFT$ ?IS >TICLE AT ! 5D ( #b#a#f4 ,WE HOPE ?AT IT WILL GIVE A CLE>] PICTURE ( ! SITUATION 9 ,FRANCE BE=E ! UPCOM+ ELECTIONS1 BUT ALSO DEMON/RATE ?AT1 ALONE OR 9 AFF9ITY GR\PS1 PEOPLE >E /ILL ORGANIZ+1 ATTACK+1 & RESI/+ ! OLD WORLD & ! PAWNS ?AT S]VE IT4 

,S9CE ! 5D ( ! MOBILIZATION AGA9/ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL ET SON MONDE1 ! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T HAS 9T5SIFI$ ITS 9VE/IGATIONS ( ?OSE ID5TIFI$ AS 0?REATS40 ,?IS IS :Y1 :ILE SEV]AL COMRADES W]E ALREADY 9 CU/ODY = TAK+ P>T ( SOME ( ! EV5TS DESCRIB$ ABOVE1 ! AU?ORITIES >RE/$ ANO!R COMRADE 9 E>LY ,DECEMB] #b#a#f4 ,S9CE !N1 ,DAMI5 HAS BE5 ACCUS$ ( TAK+ P>T 9 SEV]AL ATTACKS DUR+ ! NI<T ( ,APRIL #a#d1 #b#a#f1 :5 AN AUTONOM\S M>* RESULT$ 9 ?\S& ( EUROS 9 PROP]TY DE/RUCTION4 ,AFT] GO+ TO TRIAL ON ,JANU>Y #a#i1 #b#a#g1 HE HAS BE5 S5T5C$ TO #a MON?S 9 PRISON & #a#d1,E,U,R ( RE/ITUTION4 

,H[EV]1 SEV]AL SOLID>ITY ACTIONS TOOK PLACE S9CE ,DAMI5'S >RE/3 9 MID-,DECEMB]1 SEV]AL BANK ,A,T,MS W]E DE/ROY$ 9 ,BESANCON & ,M>SEILLES2 ON ,DECEMB] #bf 7,DAMI5'S BIR?DAY71 A LUXURY C> WAS SET ON FIRE 9 AN UPP]-CLASS DI/RICT ( ,P>IS2 F9ALLY1 AT ! 5D ( ,DECEMB]1 9 ,BRUSSELS1 SEV]AL BILLBO>DS & A SECURITY C> W]E DE/ROY$1 :ILE ON ,NEW ,YE>'S ,EVE A ,V9CI C> & A ,BAM C>--BO? COMPANIES KN[N = BUILD+ PRISONS--W]E SET ON FIRE44 ,SEV]AL ACTIONS ALSO TOOK PLACE 9 FRONT ( ! ,FLEURY ,M]OGIS PRISON1 :]E SOME PEOPLE :O ACTIVELY TOOK P>T ( ! MOBILIZATION AGA9/ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL >E DETA9$4 

,MEAN:ILE1 AT ! 5D ( ,M>* #b#a#g1 ,ANTON91 A MEMB] ( ! ,P>IS & ,SUBURBS ,ANTIFASCI/ ,ACTION1 WAS RELEAS$ FROM PRISON AFT] SP5D+ #a MON?S 9 CU/ODY ON ACC\NT ( ! POLICE C> SET ON FIRE ON ,MAY #a#h1 #b#a#f4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 SOME O!R COMRADES REMA9 9C>C]AT$3 ,K>A1 ,NICO1 ,KREME1 & ,DAMI54 

,9 ! MEANTIME1 ACTIONS ( RESI/ANCE HAVE 9T5SIFI$ ?R\<\T ,FRANCE 9 ! DIFF]5T ,Z,A,DS AGA9/ ! SEV]AL USELESS PROJECTS4 ,:ILE ,NOT]-,DAME-DES-,L&ES REMA9S ! BE/ KN[N EXAMPLE ( ACTIVI/ RESI/ANCE 9 ! NAME ( 5VIRONM5T PRES]VATION 9 ,FRANCE1 ANO!R CONFLICT IS GA9+ 9 IMPORTANCE4 ,= AB\T #b YE>S1 ! ,&,R,A 7! ,NATIONAL ,AG5CY = ! ,TREATM5T ( ,RADIOACTIVE ,WA/E7 HAS 9T5D$ TO E/ABLI% ITS NEW TREATM5T SITE NE> ,BURE1 A SMALL VILLAGE LOCAT$ 9 ! ,MEUSE REGION ( ,FRANCE4 ,! PURPOSE ( ! ,&,R,A IS TO /UDY ! SOIL 9 ! REGION TO F9D ! P]FECT LOCATION = BURY+ HI<-LEVEL NUCLE> WA/E4 ,!RE IS NO NE$ TO EXPLA9 ! 5VIRONM5TAL CONSEQU5CES ( SU* A PROJECT4 ,?IS IS :Y1 = SEV]AL YE>S N[1 ACTIVI/S HAVE BE5 ORGANIZ+ RESI/ANCE 9 ! REGION ?R\< LEGAL OBJECTIONS1 PROTE/S1 OCCUPATIONS1 DIRECT ACTION1 & SABOTAGE4 ,LA/ ,FEBRU>Y1 ACTIVI/S SUCCE$$ 9 TE>+ D[N ! F5CES SURR\ND+ ! ,&,R,A LABORATORY4 

,9 ORD] TO WEAK5 ! RESI/ANCE AGA9/ ?IS PROJECT1 ,FR5* AU?ORITIES EMPLOY$ ! TOOLS (F]$ BY ! 0/ATE ( EM]G5CY10 ISSU+ NUM]\S 09ADMISSIBILITY0 DOCUM5TS ?AT =BID ACTIVI/S TO BE PHYSICALLY PRES5T 9 ! REGION ( ,BURE ,H[EV]1 !SE ?REATS DID NOT HAVE ! EXPECT$ EFFECT1 AS SOME ACTIVI/S PUBLICLY EXPRESS$ !IR WILL TO CONT9UE ! /RUGGLE 9 ! FIELD4 

,F9ALLY1 DUR+ ! LA/ MON?S1 SOME TRAGIC EV5TS 9VOLV+ POLICE VIOL5CE & MURD]S HAVE L$ TO SEV]AL PROTE/S & RIOTS4 

,LA/ SUMM]1 ON ,JULY #a#i1 #b#a#f1 #b#d-YE>-OLD ,ADAMA ,TRAORE WAS F\ND DEAD AFT] BE+ >RE/$ BY ! POLICE4 ,QUICKLY1 AU?ORITIES DECID$ TO COV] ! 9CID5T BY PROVID+ ! RESULT ( AN AUTOPSY1 EXPLA9+ ?AT ! DEA? ( ! Y\NG MAN WAS NOT RELAT$ TO ! CONDITIONS ( HIS >RE/ BUT DUE TO P]SONAL HEAL? PROBLEMS4 ,H[EV]1 FUR!R AUTOPSIES & TE/IMONY REVEAL$ NEW 9=MATION & A :OLE DIFF]5T /ORY ?AN ! ONE PRES5T$ BY (FICIAL AU?ORITIES4 ,AFT] ,ADAMA'S DEA?1 HIS FAMILY ORGANIZ$ NUM]\S PROTE/S & GA!R+S1 ALONGSIDE O!R ORGANIZATIONS1 TO D5\NCE POLICE VIOL5CE & IMPUNITY4 

,MORE REC5TLY1 ON ,FEBRU>Y #b1 #b#a#g1 AFT] A POLICE CONTROL1 #b#b-YE>-OLD ,!O WAS HOSPITALIZ$ ON ACC\NT ( A LONG W\ND 9SIDE ! ANAL CANAL & A LESION ( ! SPH9CT] MUSCLE4 ,!O EXPLA9$ ?AT DUR+ ! POLICE CONTROL1 ONE (FIC] P5ETRAT$ HIM ) HIS TELESCOPIC BATON4 ,! FIR/ (FICIAL /ATEM5T MADE BY AU?ORITIES DID NOT M5TION ANY ( ?IS4 ,?IS TRAGIC EV5T RECEIV$ WIDESPREAD M$IA COV]AGE1 REVEAL+ ONCE MORE H[ ! AU?ORITIES TRY TO COV] UP EVID5CE & D5Y OBVI\S FACTS4 

,POLITICIANS SAW ?IS EV5T AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO RE9=CE !IR POSITIONS 9 VIEW ( ! UPCOM+ ELECTIONS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 REAFFIRM+ ONCE MORE H] COMMITM5T TO AU?ORITY & LAW 5=CEM5T1 ,M>9E ,LE ,P5 GAVE ALL H] SUPPORT TO ! POLICE (FIC]S 9VOLV$ 9 ! CASE4 

,H[EV]1 DESPITE PROMISES TO SOLVE ! CASE & UNCOV] ! TRU? BEH9D ?IS SO-CALL$ 0POLICE BURR10 ! ,FR5* GOV]NM5T DID NOT SUCCE$ 9 CONTA9+ POPUL> ANG] & ?IR/ = V5GEANCE4 ,RIOTS & CLA%ES ) POLICE IMM$IATELY BROKE \T 9 ! SUBURBS4 ,AT ,AULNAY-S\S-,BOIS1 ! POLICE %OT LIVE R\NDS TO DISP]SE RIOT]S4 ,!SE EV5TS REM9D US ( #b#e1 :5 ! DEA?S ( ,ZY$ & ,B\NA--TWO TE5AG]S :O W]E *AS$ BY ! POLICE--MOV$ P>T ( ! POPULATION LIV+ 9 !SE T]RITORIES CALL$ 0SUBURBS0 TO REVOLT4 ,ON ,FEBRU>Y #a#a1 #bag ?\S&S ( PEOPLE GA!R$ 9 FRONT ( ! ,BOBIGNY ,C\RT TO %[ !IR SOLID>ITY ) ,!O & HIS FAMILY4 ,! MASSIVE PRES5CE ( POLICE =CES NE> ! ,C\RT & 9 NE>BY /REETS EXAC]BAT$ ! FRU/RATION ( ! CR[D1 :O *OSE TO ATTACK & CONFRONT !M UNTIL LATE ?AT NI<T44 

,NUM]\S PROTE/S AGA9/ POLICE VIOL5CE & 9 SOLID>ITY ) ,!O W]E ALSO ORGANIZ$ 9 ,P>IS1 ,R5NES1 & ,NANTES1 :I* BR\<T BACK SOME ( ! ATMOSPH]E WE HAD EXP]I5C$ A YE> BE=E DUR+ ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL3 UNCONTROLLABLE DEMON/RATIONS1 PROP]TY DE/RUCTION1 CONFRONTATIONS ) POLICE4 

,!N1 ON ,M>* #b#f1 #b#a#g1 MEMB]S ( ! ANTI-CRIM9ALITY BRIGADE 7,B,A,C7 KILL$ ,LIU ,%AOYO :ILE HE WAS PREP>+ D9N] = HIS FAMILY4 ,AS ALWAYS1 ! AU?ORITIES TRI$ TO EXPLA9 AWAY ?IS 0ACCID5TAL0 DEA? BY GIV+ !IR [N V]SION ( ! EV5T4 ,! ,%AOYO FAMILY ITSELF CONTE/S ?IS V]SION1 AS !Y W]E PRES5T DUR+ ! POLICE RAID4 ,AGA91 ?IS MURD] L$ TO SEV]AL GA!R+S & PROTE/S 9 FRONT ( POLICE /ATIONS4 

,! LEA/ WE CAN SAY IS ?AT1 ON ! EVE ( ! ,PRESID5TIAL ELECTION1 ! SUPREME EXAMPLE ( POLITICAL SPECTACLE1 ! CLIMATE 9 ,FRANCE IS T5S] ?AN EV]4 ,DUR+ ! LA/ PRESID5CY & ESPECIALLY S9CE ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL1 P>T ( ! POPULATION HAS LO/ FAI? 9 ! PREVAIL+ POLITICAL SY/EM4 ,O!RS SEE 9 ! ,ALT]NATIVE ,LEFT AN OPTION ?AT WILL DELIV] US FROM \R MIS]IES4 ,/ILL O!RS1 RE9=C$ BY ! X5OPHOBIC DISC\RSES ( ! 0MIGRANT CRISIS10 ! ELECTION ( ,DONALD ,TRUMP1 & ! ,BREXIT SUCCESS1 SEEK A SOLUTION 9 ! ,FRONT ,NATIONAL1 :I* PROMISES TO DEF5D A SUPPOS$ 0,FR5* ID5TITY0 & NATIONAL 9T]E/ AGA9/ GLOBALIZATION4 

,ON ACC\NT ( ITS DANG]\S AG5DA & ITS POPUL>ITY1 ACTIVI/S HAVE DISRUPT$ SOME ( ! ELECTORAL MEET+S ( !,FRONT ,NATIONAL1 9CLUD+ ONE 9 ,NANTES & ANO!R MORE REC5TLY 9 ,P>IS4 ,MOREOV]1 = ! FIR/ TIME 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! #e? ,REPUBLIC1 ! TWO TRADITIONAL P>TIES MI<T NOT SEE ONE ( !IR LEAD]S ELECT$ AS ,PRESID5T4 ,! \TCOME ( ! UPCOM+ ELECTION REMA9S MORE UNC]TA9 ?AN EV]2 IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT A FASCI/1 POPULI/1 & X5OPHOBIC GOV]NM5T WILL COME TO P[] ON ,MAY #g1 #b#a#g4 

,YET 9 ! FACE ( ALL !SE UNC]TA9TIES1 ONE ?+ REMA9S C]TA93 :OEV] IS ELECT$1 WE WILL REMA9 UNGOV]NABLE6 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #b#bND ,APRIL #bba FROM CRIME?9C4COM47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#c1 #bbb 3 ,FROM ! ,LOI ,TRAVAIL TO ! ,FR5* ,ELECTIONS -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/