,/UDY #a 
,REACTION ,CAUSES ,REVOLUTION 

#aheaahea 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON 

,TEXT 3 

,FIR/ ,/UDY4 ,REACTION ,CAUSES ,REVOLUTION4 

#a4 ,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,=CE 

,IT IS AN OP9ION G5]ALLY HELD N[ADAYS1 AMONG M5 ( ADVANC$ VIEWS AS WELL AS AMONG CONS]VATIVES1 ?AT A REVOLUTION1 BOLDLY ATTACK$ AT ITS 9CIPI5CY1 CAN BE /OPP$1 REPRESS$1 DIV]T$ OR P]V]T$2 ?AT ONLY TWO ?+S >E NE$$ = ?IS1 SAGACITY & P[]4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ ?\<TFUL WRIT]S ( TODAY1 ,M4 ,DROZ1 ( ! ,ACADEMIE ,FRANCAISE1 HAS WRITT5 A SPECIAL ACC\NT ( ! YE>S ( ! REIGN ( ,L\IS ,X,V,I1 DUR+ :I*1 ACCORD+ TO HIM1 ! ,REVOLUTION MI<T HAVE BE5 ANTICIPAT$ & PREV5T$4 

,& AMONG ! REVOLUTION>IES ( ! PRES5T1 ONE ( ! MO/ 9TELLIG5T1 ,BLANQUI1 IS EQUALLY DOM9AT$ BY ! IDEA ?AT1 GIV5 SUFFICI5T /R5G? & SKILL1 ,P[] IS ABLE TO LEAD ! PEOPLE :I!R IT *OOSES1 TO CRU% ! RI<T1 TO BR+ TO NAU<T ! SPIRIT ( REVOLUTION4 ,! :OLE POLICY ( ! ,TRIBUNE ( ,BELLE-,ISLE--,I BEG HIS FRI5DS TO TAKE ?IS *>ACT]IZATION ( HIM 9 GOOD P>T--AS WELL AS ?AT ( ! ,ACADEMICIAN1 SPR+S FROM ! FE> ?AT HE HAS ( SEE+ ! ,REACTION TRIUMPH1 A FE> ?AT ,I AM NOT AFRAID TO CALL1 9 MY OP9ION1 RIDICUL\S4 ,?US ! ,REACTION1 ! G]M ( DESPOTISM1 IS 9 ! HE>T ( EV]YBODY2 IT %[S ITSELF AT ! SAME MOM5T AT ! TWO EXTREMES ( ! POLITICAL HORIZON4 ,IT IS NOT LEA/ AMONG ! CAUSES ( \R TR\BLES4 

,/OP A REVOLUTION6 ,DOES NOT ?AT SEEM A ?REAT AGA9/ ,PROVID5CE1 A *ALL5GE HURL$ AT UNB5D+ ,DE/9Y1 9 A WORD1 ! GREATE/ ABSURDITY IMAG9ABLE8 ,/OP MATT] FROM FALL+1 FLAME FROM BURN+1 ! SUN FROM %9+6 

,I %ALL 5DEAVOR TO %[1 BY :AT IS PASS+ BE=E \R EYES1 ?AT JU/ AS ! 9/9CT = CONS]VATISM IS 9H]5T 9 EV]Y SOCIAL 9/ITUTION1 ! NE$ = REVOLUTION IS EQUALLY IRRESI/IBLE2 ?AT EV]Y POLITICAL P>TY MAY BECOME BY TURNS REVOLUTION>Y & REACTION>Y2 ?AT !SE TWO T]MS1 REACTION & REVOLUTION1 CORRELATIVES ( EA* O!R & MUTUALLY IMPLY+ EA* O!R1 >E BO? ESS5TIAL TO ,HUMANITY1 NOT)/&+ ! CONFLICTS BETWE5 !M3 SO ?AT1 9 ORD] TO AVOID ! ROCKS :I* M5ACE SOCIETY ON ! RI<T & ON ! LEFT1 ! ONLY C\RSE IS = REACTION TO CONT9UALLY *ANGE PLACES ) REVOLUTION2 JU/ ! REV]SE ( :AT ! PRES5T ,LEGISLATURE BOA/S ( HAV+ DONE4 ,TO ADD TO GRIEVANCES1 &1 IF ,I MAY USE ! COMP>ISON1 TO BOTTLE UP REVOLUTION>Y =CE BY REPRESSION1 IS TO CONDEMN ONESELF TO CLE>+ 9 ONE B\ND ! DI/ANCE ?AT PRUD5CE C\NSELS US TO PASS OV] GRADUALLY1 & TO SUB/ITUTE PROGRESS BY LEAPS & J]KS = A CONT9U\S ADVANCE4 

,:O DOES NOT KN[ ?AT ! MO/ P[]FUL SOV]EIGNS HAVE MADE !MSELVES ILLU/RI\S BY BECOM+ REVOLUTION>IES )9 ! LIMITS ( ! CIRCUM/ANCES )9 :I* !Y LIV$8 ,ALEX&] ( ,MAC$ON1 :O REUNIT$ ,GREECE1 ,JULIUS ,CES>1 :O F\ND$ ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE ON ! RU9S ( ! HYPOCRITICAL & V5AL ,REPUBLIC1 ,CLOVIS1 :OSE CONV]SION WAS ! SIGNAL = ! DEF9ITE E/ABLI%M5T ( ,*RI/IANITY 9 ,GAUL1 & TO A C]TA9 EXT5T1 ! CAUSE ( ! FUSION ( ! ,FRANKI% HORDES 9 ! ,GALLIC OCEAN4 ,*>LEMAGNE1 :O BEGAN ! C5TRALIZATION ( FREEHOLDS1 & M>K$ ! BEG9N+ ( FEUDALISM1 ,L\IS ! ,FAT1 DE> TO ! ?IRD E/ATE ON ACC\NT ( ! FAVOR HE EXT5D$ TO ! T[NS1 ,SA9T ,L\IS1 :O ORGANIZ$ ! CORPORATIONS ( >TS & CRAFTS1 ,L\IS ,X,I & ,RI*ELIEU1 :O COMPLET$ ! DEFEAT ( ! B>ONS1 ALL P]=M$1 9 DIFF]5T DEGREES1 ACTS ( REVOLUTION4 ,EV5 ! EXECRABLE ,B>?OLOMEW MASSACRE WAS DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! LORDS1 RA!R ?AN AGA9/ ! RE=M]S1 9 ! OP9ION ( ! PEOPLE1 AGREE+ 9 ?AT RESPECT ) ,CA!R9E DE ,M$ICIS4 ,NOT UNTIL #a#f#a#d1 AT ! LA/ MEET+ ( ! ,/ATES ,G5]AL1 DID ! ,FR5* MON>*Y SEEM TO ABJURE ITS FUNCTION ( LEAD]%IP & BETRAY ITS TRADITION3 ! #b#a/ ( ,JANU>Y1 #agic WAS ! P5ALTY = ITS CRIME4 

,IT W\LD BE EASY TO MULTIPLY EXAMPLES2 ANYBODY ) ! SLI<TE/ KN[L$GE ( HI/ORY CAN SUPPLY !M4 

,A REVOLUTION IS A =CE AGA9/ :I* NO P[]1 DIV9E OR HUMAN1 CAN PREVAIL3 :OSE NATURE IS TO BE /R5G!N$ & TO GR[ BY ! V]Y RESI/ANCE :I* IT 5C\NT]S4 ,A REVOLUTION MAY BE DIRECT$1 MOD]AT$1 DELAY$3 ,I HAVE JU/ SAID ?AT ! WISE/ POLICY LAY 9 YIELD+ TO IT1 FOOT BY FOOT1 ?AT ! P]PETUAL EVOLUTION ( ,HUMANITY MAY BE ACCOMPLI%$ 9S5SIBLY & SIL5TLY1 9/EAD ( BY MI<TY /RIDES4 ,A REVOLUTION CANNOT BE CRU%$1 CANNOT BE DECEIV$1 CANNOT BE P]V]T$1 ALL ! MORE1 CANNOT BE CONQU]$4 ,! MORE Y\ REPRESS IT1 ! MORE Y\ 9CREASE ITS REB\ND & R5D] ITS ACTION IRRESI/IBLE4 ,SO MU* SO ?AT IT IS PRECISELY ! SAME = ! TRIUMPH ( AN IDEA1 :E!R IT IS P]SECUT$1 H>ASS$1 BEAT5 D[N DUR+ ITS BEG9N+1 OR :E!R IT GR[S & DEVELOPS UNOB/RUCT$4 ,LIKE ! ,NEMESIS ( ! ANCI5TS1 :OM NEI!R PRAY]S NOR ?REATS C\LD MOVE1 ! REVOLUTION ADVANCES1 ) SOMB] & FATAL /EP1 OV] ! FL[]S CA/ BY ITS FRI5DS1 ?R\< ! BLOOD ( ITS DEF5D]S1 ACROSS ! BODIES ( ITS 5EMIES4 

,:5 ! CONSPIRACIES CAME TO AN 5D 9 #a#h#b#b1 SOME ?\<T ?AT ! ,RE/ORATION HAD OV]COME ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,IT WAS AT ?IS TIME1 UND] ! ,VILLELE ADM9I/RATION1 & DUR+ HIS EXP$ITION TO ,SPA91 ?AT 9SULTS W]E HURL$ AT HIM4 ,POOR FOOLS6 ,! ,REVOLUTION HAD PASS$ AWAY3 IT WAS WAIT+ = Y\ 9 #a#h#c4 

,:5 ! SECRET SOCIETIES W]E BROK5 UP 9 #a#h#c#i1 AFT] ! ATTACKS ( ,BLANQUI & ,B>BES1 AGA9 ! NEW DYNA/Y WAS BELIEV$ TO BE IMMORTAL3 IT SEEM$ ?AT PROGRESS WAS AT ITS COMM&4 ,! YE>S ?AT FOLL[$ W]E ! MO/ FL\RI%+ ( ! REIGN4 ,NEV]!LESS IT WAS 9 #ahci ?AT S]I\S DISAFFECTION BEGAN1 AMONG ! BUS9ESS M5 BY ! COALITION1 AMONG ! PEOPLE BY ! UPRIS+ ( ! #a#b? ( ,MAY1 :I* 5D$ 9 ! EV5TS ( ,FEBRU>Y4 ,P]HAPS ) MORE PRUD5CE1 OR ) MORE BOLDNESS1 ! EXI/5CE ( ! MON>*Y1 :I* HAD BECOME FLAGRANTLY REACTION>Y1 MI<T HAVE BE5 PROLONG$ A FEW YE>S3 ! CATA/ROPHE1 AL?\< DELAY$1 W\LD HAVE BE5 ONLY ! MORE VIOL5T4 

,FOLL[+ ,FEBRU>Y1 WE SAW ! ,JACOB9S1 ! ,GIRONDI/S1 ! ,BONAP>TI/S1 ! ,ORLEANI/S1 ! ,LEGITIMI/S1 ! ,JESUITS1 ALL ! OLD P>TIES1 ,I HAD ALMO/ SAID FACTIONS1 ?AT HAD SUCCESSIVELY OPPOS$ ! REVOLUTION 9 ! PA/1 UND]TAKE1 BY TURNS1 TO PUT D[N A REVOLUTION :I* !Y DID NOT EV5 UND]/&4 ,AT ONE TIME ! COALITION WAS COMPLETE3 ,I D>E NOT SAY ?AT ! ,REPUBLICAN P>TY CAME \T ( IT WELL4 ,LET ! OPPOSITION CONT9UE1 LET IT P]SI/3 ITS DEFEAT WILL BE UNIV]SAL4 ,! MORE ! 9EVITABLE OV]?R[ IS PUT (F1 ! MORE MU/ BE PAID = ! DELAY3 ?AT IS AS ELEM5T>Y AS ! WORK+-\T ( REVOLUTIONS AS AN AXIOM 9 GEOMETRY4 ,! ,REVOLUTION NEV] LETS GO1 = ! SIMPLE REASON ?AT IT IS NEV] 9 ! WRONG4 

,EV]Y REVOLUTION FIR/ DECL>ES ITSELF AS A COMPLA9T ( ! PEOPLE1 AN ACCUSATION AGA9/ A VICTORI\S /ATE ( AFFAIRS1 :I* ! POORE/ ALWAYS FEEL ! FIR/4 ,IT IS AGA9/ ! NATURE ( ! MASSES TO REVOLT1 EXCEPT AGA9/ :AT HURTS !M1 PHYSICALLY OR MORALLY4 ,IS ?IS A MATT] = REPRESSION1 = V5GEANCE1 = P]SECUTION8 ,:AT FOLLY6 ,A GOV]NM5T :OSE POLICY CONSI/S 9 EVAD+ ! DESIRES ( ! MASSES & 9 REPRESS+ !IR COMPLA9TS1 CONDEMNS ITSELF3 IT IS LIKE A CRIM9AL :O /RUGGLES AGA9/ HIS REMORSE BY COMMITT+ NEW CRIMES4 ,) EA* CRIM9AL ACT ! CONSCI5CE ( ! CULPRIT UPBRAIDS HIM ! MORE BITT]LY2 UNTIL AT LA/ HIS REASON GIVES WAY1 & TURNS HIM OV] TO ! HANGMAN4 

,!RE IS BUT ONE WAY1 :I* ,I HAVE ALREADY TOLD1 TO W>D (F ! P]ILS ( A REVOLUTION2 IT IS TO RECOGNIZE IT4 ,! PEOPLE >E SUFF]+ & >E DISCONT5T$ ) !IR LOT4 ,!Y >E LIKE A SICK MAN GROAN+1 A *ILD CRY+ 9 ! CRADLE4 ,GO TO !M1 LI/5 TO !IR TR\BLES1 /UDY ! CAUSES & CONSEQU5CES ( !M1 MAGNIFY RA!R ?AN M9IMIZE !M2 !N BUSY Y\RSELF )\T RELAXATION 9 RELIEV+ ! SUFF]]4 ,!N ! REVOLUTION WILL TAKE PLACE )\T DI/URBANCE1 AS ! NATURAL & EASY DEVELOPM5T ( ! =M] ORD] ( ?+S4 ,NO ONE WILL NOTICE IT2 H>DLY EV5 SUSPECT IT4 ,! GRATEFUL PEOPLE WILL CALL Y\ !IR B5EFACTOR1 !IR REPRES5TATIVE1 !IR LEAD]4 ,?US1 9 #a#g#h#i1 ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY & ! PEOPLE SALUT$ ,L\IS ,X,V,I AS ! ,RE/OR] ( ,PUBLIC ,LIB]TY4 ,AT ?AT GLORI\S MOM5T1 ,L\IS ,X,V,I1 MORE P[]FUL ?AN HIS GR&FA!R1 ,L\IS ,X,V1 MI<T HAVE CONSOLIDAT$ HIS DYNA/Y = C5TURIES3 ! REVOLUTION (F]$ ITSELF TO HIM AS AN 9/RUM5T ( RULE4 ,! IDIOT C\LD SEE ONLY AN 5CROA*M5T UPON HIS RI<TS6 ,?IS 9CONCEIVABLE BL9DNESS HE C>RI$ ) HIM TO ! SCAFFOLD4 

,ALAS1 IT MU/ BE ?AT A PEACEFUL REVOLUTION IS TOO IDEAL = \R BELLICOSE NATURE4 ,R>ELY DO EV5TS FOLL[ ! NATURAL & LEA/ DE/RUCTIVE C\RSE3 PRETEXTS = VIOL5CE >E PL5TIFUL4 ,AS ! REVOLUTION HAS ITS PR9CIPLE 9 ! VIOL5CE ( NE$S1 ! REACTION F9DS ITS [N PR9CIPLE 9 ! AU?ORITY ( CU/OM4 

,ALWAYS ! /ATUS QUO TRIES TO PRESCRIBE = POV]TY2 ?AT IS :Y ! REACTION HAS ! SAME MAJORITY AT FIR/ ?AT ! REVOLUTION HAS AT ! 5D4 ,9 ?IS M>* 9 OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS1 9 :I* ! ADVANTAGE ( ! ONE CONT9UALLY TURNS 9TO A DISADVANTAGE = ! O!R1 H[ MU* IT IS TO BE FE>$ ?AT CLA%ES WILL OCCUR6 444 

,TWO CAUSES >E AGA9/ ! PEACEFUL ACCOMPLI%M5T ( REVOLUTIONS3 E/ABLI%$ 9T]E/S & ! PRIDE ( GOV]NM5T4 

,BY A FATALITY :I* WILL BE EXPLA9$ H]EAFT]1 !SE TWO CAUSES ALWAYS ACT TOGE!R2 SO ?AT RI*ES & P[]1 TOGE!R ) TRADITION1 BE+ ON ONE SIDE1 POV]TY1 DISORGANIZATION & ! UNKN[N ON ! O!R1 ! SATISFI$ P>TY BE+ UNWILL+ TO MAKE ANY CONCESSION1 ! DISSATISFI$ BE+ UNABLE TO SUBMIT LONG]1 ! CONFLICT1 LITTLE BY LITTLE1 BECOMES 9EVITABLE4 

,!N IT IS CURI\S TO OBS]VE ! FLUCTUATIONS ( ! /RUGGLE1 9 :I* ALL ! UNFAVORABLE *ANCES AT FIR/ SEEM TO BE = ! PROGRESSIVE MOVEM5T1 ALL ! ELEM5TS ( SUCCESS = ! RESI/ANCE4 ,!Y :O SEE ONLY ! SURFACE ( ?+S1 9CAPABLE ( UND]/&+ AN \TCOME :I* NO P]SPICACITY1 IT SEEMS TO !M1 C\LD HAVE ANTICIPAT$1 DO NOT HESITATE TO ACCUSE AS ! CAUSE ( !IR DISAPPO9TM5T1 BAD LUCK1 ! CRIME ( ?IS ONE1 ! CLUMS9ESS ( ?AT1 ALL ! CAPRICES ( =TUNE1 ALL ! PASSIONS ( HUMANITY4 ,REVOLUTIONS1 :I* = 9TELLIG5T CONTEMPOR>IES >E MON/]S1 SEEM TO ! HI/ORIANS :O AFT]W>DS REC\NT !M ! JUDGM5TS ( ,GOD4 ,:AT HAS NOT BE5 SAID AB\T ! ,REVOLUTION ( '#h#i8 ,WE >E /ILL 9 D\BT AB\T ?AT REVOLUTION1 :I* ASS]T$ ITSELF 9 EI<T SUCCESSIVE CON/ITUTIONS1 :I* REMODEL$ ,FR5* SOCIETY FROM BOTTOM TO TOP1 & DE/ROY$ EV5 ! MEMORY ( ANCI5T FEUDALISM4 ,WE HAVE NOT COMPASS$ ! IDEA ( ITS HI/ORIC NECESSITY3 WE HAVE NO COMPREH5SION ( ITS M>VEL\S VICTORIES4 ,! PRES5T REACTION WAS ORGANIZ$ 9 P>T ?R\< ! HATR$ ( ! PR9CIPLES & T5D5CIES ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,& AMONG ?OSE :O DEF5D :AT WAS ACCOMPLI%$ 9 '#h#i1 MANY D5\NCE !M :O W\LD REPEAT IT3 HAV+ ESCAP$1 !Y FANCY1 BY A MIRACLE FROM ! FIR/ REVOLUTION1 !Y DO NOT WANT TO RUN ! RISK ( A SECOND6 ,ALL >E AGRE$ !N UPON REACTION1 AS SURE ( VICTORY AS !Y >E ?AT !Y >E 9 ! RI<T1 & MULTIPLY+ P]ILS >\ND !M BY ! V]Y MEASURES :I* !Y TAKE TO ESCAPE !M4 

,:AT EXPLANATION1 :AT DEMON/RATION CAN TURN !M FROM !IR ]ROR IF !IR EXP]I5CE DOES NOT CONV9CE !M8 

,I %ALL PROVE 9 ! DIFF]5T P>TS ( ?IS WORK1 & ,I AM N[ AB\T TO E/ABLI% 9 ! MO/ TRIUMPHANT MANN]1 ?AT = ?REE YE>S PA/ ! REVOLUTION HAS BE5 C>RI$ ON ONLY BY ! R$1 TRICOLOR1 & :ITE CONS]VATIVES :O WELCOM$ IT3 & :5 ,I SAY1 C>RI$ ON1 ,I USE ! EXPRESSION 9 ! S5SE ( ! DET]M9ATION ( ! IDEA1 AS WELL AS ! PROPAGATION ( ! DE$S4 ,MAKE NO MI/AKE1 IF ! REVOLUTION DID NOT EXI/1 ! REACTION W\LD HAVE 9V5T$ IT4 ,! ,IDEA1 VAGUELY CONCEIV$ UND] ! SPUR ( NECESSITY1 !N %AP$ & =MULAT$ BY CONTRADICTION1 IS SOON ASS]T$ AS A RI<T4 ,&1 AS RI<TS >E SO B\ND TOGE!R ?AT ONE CANNOT BE D5I$ )\T AT ! SAME TIME SACRIFIC+ ALL ! RE/1 ! RESULT IS ?AT A REACTION>Y GOV]NM5T IS DRAWN ON1 BY ! PHANTOM :I* IT PURSUES1 TO 5DLESS >BITR>Y ACTS1 & ?AT1 9 5DEAVOR+ TO SAVE SOCIETY FROM REVOLUTION1 IT 9T]E/S ALL ! MEMB]S ( SOCIETY 9 REVOLUTION4 ,9 ?IS WAY ! ANCI5T MON>*Y1 DISMISS+ FIR/ ,NECK]1 !N ,TURGOT1 OPPOS+ EV]Y RE=M1 DISSATISFY+ ! ,?IRD ,E/ATE1 ! P>LIAM5TS1 ! CL]GY1 ! NOBILITY1 CREAT$ ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,I MEAN TO SAY1 CAUS$ IT TO 5T] 9TO ! WORLD ( FACTS--! ,REVOLUTION1 :I* S9CE !N HAS NOT CEAS$ TO GR[ 9 EXT5T & 9 P]FECTION1 & TO EXT5D ITS CONQUE/S4 

,TRANSLATOR'S NOTE _?#i4 ,! DATE ( ! EXECUTION ( ,L\IS ,X,V,I4 8 

,TRANSLATOR'S NOTE _?#a4 ,AFT] ! SECOND ,RE/ORATION ( ,L\IS ,X,V,I,I,I4 8 

#b4 ,P>ALLEL ,PROGRESS ( ! ,REACTION & ( ! ,REVOLUTION S9CE ,FEBRU>Y 

,9 #ahdh ! L[] CLASS1 SUDD5LY TAK+ P>T 9 ! QU>REL BETWE5 ! MIDDLE CLASS & ! ,CR[N1 MADE ITS CRY ( DI/RESS HE>D4 ,:AT WAS ! CAUSE ( ITS DI/RESS8 ,LACK ( WORK1 IT SAID4 ,! PEOPLE DEM&$ WORK1 !IR PROTE/ W5T NO FUR!R4 ,!Y EMBRAC$ ! REPUBLICAN CAUSE ) >DOR1 ?OSE :O HAD JU/ PROCLAIM$ ! ,REPUBLIC 9 !IR NAMES HAV+ PROMIS$ TO GIVE !M WORK4 ,LACK+ BETT] SECURITY1 ! PEOPLE ACCEPT$ A DRAFT ON ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,?AT WAS SUFFICI5T TO MAKE IT TAKE !M UND] ITS PROTECTION4 ,:O W\LD HAVE BELIEV$ ?AT ! NEXT DAY ?OSE :O HAD SIGN$ ! AGREEM5T ?\<T ONLY ( BURN+ IT8 ,WORK1 & ?R\< WORK1 BREAD1 ?IS WAS ! PETITION ( ! WORK+ CLASSES 9 #a#h#d#h2 ?IS WAS ! UN%AKABLE BASIS GIV5 BY !M TO ! ,REPUBLIC2 ?IS IS ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,ANO!R ?+ WAS ! PROCLAMATION ( ! ,REPUBLIC ON ! #b#e? ( ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#h#d#h1 ! ACTION ( A MORE OR LESS 9TELLIG5T1 MORE OR LESS USURP+1 M9ORITY2 & YET ANO!R1 ! REVOLUTION>Y QUE/ION ( WORK1 :I* GAVE TO ?IS REPUBLIC AN 9T]E/1 & ALONE GAVE IT REAL VALUE1 9 ! EYES ( ! MASSES4 ,NO1 ! ,REPUBLIC ( ,FEBRU>Y WAS NOT ! REVOLUTION2 IT WAS ! PL$GE ( REVOLUTION4 ,IT IS NOT ! DUTY ( ?OSE :O GOV]N ?IS ,REPUBLIC1 FROM ! HI<E/ TO ! L[E/1 TO SEE ?AT ! PL$GE IS NOT BROK53 IT IS = ! PEOPLE1 AT ! NEXT ELECTION1 TO DET]M9E ON :AT FUR!R CONDITIONS !Y WILL ACCEPT IT4 

,AT FIR/ ?IS DEM& = WORK DID NOT SEEM EXORBITANT TO ! NEW (FICIALS1 ( :OM NOT ONE UP TO ?IS TIME HAD C>$ ANY?+ = POLITICAL ECONOMY4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT WAS ! SUBJECT = MUTUAL CONGRATULATIONS4 ,:AT A PEOPLE WAS ?AT :I*1 ON ! DAY ( ITS TRIUMPH1 ASK$ = NEI!R BREAD NOR AMUSEM5TS1 AS =M]LY ! ,ROMAN MOB HAD DEM&$1--PANEM ET CIRC5SES--BUT ASK$ ONLY = WORK6 ,:AT A GU>ANTEE AMONG ! LABOR+ CLASSES ( MORALITY1 ( DISCIPL9E1 ( DOCILITY6 ,:AT A PL$GE ( SECURITY = A GOV]NM5T6 ,) ! GREATE/ CONFID5CE1 &1 IT MU/ BE ADMITT$1 ) ! MO/ PRAISEWOR?Y 9T5TIONS1 ! ,PROVISORY ,GOV]NM5T PROCLAIM$ ! RI<T TO LABOR6 ,ITS PROMISES1 NO D\BT1 BORE WITNESS TO ITS IGNORANCE1 BUT ! GOOD 9T5TION WAS !RE4 ,& :AT CANNOT BE DONE ) ! ,FR5* PEOPLE BY ! MANIFE/ATION ( GOOD 9T5TIONS8 ,!RE WAS NOT AT ?IS TIME AN EMPLOY] SO SURLY ?AT HE WAS NOT WILL+ TO GIVE WORK TO EV]YBODY1 IF ! P[] W]E GRANT$ TO HIM4 ,! ,RI<T TO ,LABOR6 ,! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T WILL CLAIM FROM PO/]ITY ! GLORY ( ?IS FATEFUL PROMISE1 :I* CONFIRM$ ! FALL ( ! MON>*Y1 SANCTION$ ! ,REPUBLIC1 & MADE ! ,REVOLUTION C]TA94 

,BUT MAK+ PROMISES IS NOT ALL3 !Y MU/ BE KEPT4 

,LOOK+ MORE CLOSELY1 IT IS EASY TO SEE ?AT ! RI<T TO LABOR WAS A MORE TICKLI% BUS9ESS ?AN HAD BE5 SUSPECT$4 ,AFT] MU* DEBATE1 ! ,GOV]NM5T1 :I* SP5T #c MILLION DOLL>S ANNUALLY TO PRES]VE ORD]1 WAS =C$ TO ADMIT ?AT IT HAD NOT A C5T LEFT :]E) TO ASSI/ ! WORK]S2 ?AT 9 ORD] TO EMPLOY !M1 & CONSEQU5TLY TO PAY !M1 IT W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO IMPOSE ADDITIONAL TAXES1 MAK+ A VICI\S CIRCLE1 BECAUSE !SE TAXES W\LD HAVE TO BE PAID BY ?OSE :OM !Y W]E 9T5D$ TO ASSI/4 ,MOREOV]1 IT WAS NOT ! BUS9ESS ( ! ,/ATE TO COMPETE ) PRIVATE 9DU/RY1 = :I* ALREADY CONSUMPTION WAS LACK+ & AN \TLET WAS DEM&$2 &1 /ILL FUR!R1 = ! ,/ATE TO TAKE P>T 9 PRODUCTION C\LD ONLY 5D 9 AGGRAVAT+ ! CONDITION ( ! WORK]S4 ,9 CONSEQU5CE1 = !SE REASONS1 & = O!RS NOT LESS P]EMPTORY1 ! ,GOV]NM5T MADE IT UND]/OOD ?AT NO?+ C\LD BE DONE1 ?AT IT WAS NECESS>Y TO BE RESIGN$1 TO KEEP ORD]1 TO HAVE PATI5CE & CONFID5CE6 

,IT MU/ BE ADMITT$ ?AT ! ,GOV]NM5T WAS RI<T TO A C]TA9 EXT5T4 ,9 ORD] TO ASSURE WORK1 & 9 CONSEQU5CE1 EX*ANGE1 TO ALL1 IT BECOMES NECESS>Y1 AS WE %ALL %[1 TO *ANGE ! C\RSE & TO MODIFY ! ECONOMY ( SOCIETY2 A S]I\S MATT]1 QUITE BEYOND ! P[] ( ! ,PROVISORY ,GOV]NM5T1 & UPON :I* IT BECAME ITS DUTY TO CONSULT ! ,C\NTRY AS A PRELIM9>Y4 ,AS = ! PLANS :I* W]E !REUPON PROPOS$1 & ! SEMI(FICIAL CONF]5CES ) :I* ! LACK ( WORK ( ! LABOR]S WAS BEGUIL$1 !Y M]IT ! HONOR NEI!R ( RECORD NOR ( CRITICISM4 ,!Y W]E SO MANY PRETEXTS ( CONS]VATISM1 :I* SOON %[$ ITSELF1 EV5 9 ! BOSOM ( ! ,REPUBLICAN P>TY4 

,BUT ! MI/AKE ( ! M5 9 P[]1 :I* EXASP]AT$ ! WORK+ CLASS1 & :I* TURN$ A SIMPLE LABOR QUE/ION 9 LESS ?AN T5 YE>S 9TO DEF9ITE REVOLUTION1 WAS :5 ! ,GOV]NM5T1 9/EAD ( 9VIT+ ! RESE>*ES ( PUBLICI/S1 AS DID ,L\IS ,X,V,I1 9/EAD ( APPEAL+ TO ! CITIZ5S1 & ASK+ !M !IR WI%ES UPON ! GREAT QUE/IONS ( LABOR & POV]TY1 %UT ITSELF UP = F\R MON?S 9 A HO/ILE SIL5CE2 :5 IT WAS OBS]V$ TO HESITATE AB\T GRANT+ ! NATURAL RI<TS ( M5 & CITIZ5S1 TO DI/RU/ LIB]TY1 EV5 LIB]TY ( ! PRESS & ( ASSEMBLY1 TO REFUSE ! PETITIONS ( PATRIOTS RELAT+ TO BAIL BONDS & ! /AMP TAX1 TO SPY UPON ! CLUBS 9/EAD ( ORGANIZ+ & DIRECT+ !M1 TO CREATE = EM]G5CY FROM ! VOLUNTE] GU>D A BODY ( PRETORIANS1 TO 9TRIGUE ) ! CL]GY1 TO RECALL ! TROOPS TO ,P>IS1 ?AT !Y MI<T FRAT]NIZE ) ! PEOPLE1 TO >\SE HATR$ AGA9/ ,SOCIALISM1 ! NEW NAME = ! ,REVOLUTION2 !N1 :E!R FROM RECKLESSNESS1 OR 9CAPACITY1 OR MIS=TUNE1 OR PLOTT+ & TREA*]Y1 OR ALL !SE TOGE!R1 TO =CE P5NILESS CR[DS AT ,P>IS & AT ,R\5 9TO A DESP]ATE /RUGGLE2 F9ALLY1 AFT] VICTORY1 TO HAVE BUT ONE ?\<T1 ONE IDEA1 TO SMO!R ! CRY ( ! WORK]S1 ! PROTE/ ( ,FEBRU>Y1 BY ANY MEANS1 LAWFUL OR UNLAWFUL4 

,IT IS 5\< TO GLANCE OV] ! S]IES ( DECREES ( ! ,PROVISORY ,GOV]NM5T & ( ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE TO CONV9CE ONESELF ?AT DUR+ ?IS P]IOD ( F\R MON?S REPRESSION WAS PLANN$1 PREP>$1 ORGANIZ$1 & REVOLT WAS PROVOK$1 DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY1 BY ,P[]4 

,?IS REACTION>Y POLICY1 LET IT NEV] BE =GOTT51 WAS CONCEIV$ 9 ! BOSOM ( ! ,REPUBLICAN P>TY1 BY M5 :O W]E SC>$ AT ! MEMORY ( ,HEB]T1 ( ,JACQUES ,R\X1 ( ,M>AT1 & :O BELIEV$ !MSELVES 9 GOOD FAI? TO BE AID+ ! ,REVOLUTION BY COMBAT+ ALL ! MANIFE/ATIONS TO ! LIMIT4 ,IT WAS GOV]NM5TAL ZEAL :I* DIVID$ ! MEMB]S ( ! ,PROVISORY ,GOV]NM5T 9TO TWO OPPOS+ FACTIONS1 LEAD+ SOME TO DESIRE OP5 CONFLICT AGA9/ ! ,REVOLUTION1 9 ORD] ?AT !Y MI<T RULE ?R\< ! PRE/IGE GIV5 BY VICTORY2 O!RS TO PREF] ! DISPLAY ( SUP]IOR =CE & ! DI/RACTIONS ( POLITICS & ( W>1 9 ORD] TO RE/ORE QUIET BY R5D]+ AGITATION WE>ISOME & FUTILE4 ,C\LD IT HAVE BE5 O!RWISE8 ,NO1 BECAUSE EA* %ADE ( OP9ION REG>D$ ITS EMBLEM AS ?AT ( ! TRUE ,REPUBLIC1 & DEVOT$ ITSELF PATRIOTICALLY TO ! DE/RUCTION ( ITS RIVALS1 :OM IT REG>D$ AS TOO MOD]ATE OR TOO EXTREME4 ,! ,REVOLUTION C\LD NOT FAIL TO BE CAU<T BETWE5 !SE ROLL]S3 IT WAS TOO SMALL !N & TOO L[ D[N TO BE P]CEIV$ BY ITS =MIDABLE GU>DIANS4 

,I RECALL !SE OCCURR5CES1 NOT = ! EMPTY PLEASURE ( /IGMATIZ+ M5 :O W]E MORE ILL-ADVIS$ ?AN CULPABLE1 & :OM ! C\RSE ( ?+S1 IT SEEMS TO ME1 RE/OR$ TO P[]3 BUT RA!R TO REM9D !M ?AT1 AS ! ,REVOLUTION DEFEAT$ !M ONCE1 IT WILL OV]COME !M A SECOND TIME1 IF !Y P]SI/ 9 ! C\RSE ( DI/RU/ & ( SECRET DEFAMATION :I* !Y HAVE HI!RTO ADOPT$ T[>DS IT4 

,?US1 ?R\< GOV]NM5TAL PREJUDICE & PROPRIET>Y TRADITION1 :]E( ! 9TIMATE UNION CON/ITUTES ! :OLE POLITICAL & ECONOMIC !ORY ( ! OLD LIB]ALISM1 ! ,GOV]NM5T--,I MAKE NO ILLUSION TO 9DIVIDUALS1 ,I UND]/& BY ?IS WORD ! SUM ( P[]S1 BE=E ,JUNE & AFT]--! ,GOV]NM5T1 ,I REPEAT1 ?R\< ITS HATR$ ( C]TA9 ,UTOPIANS1 MORE NOISY ?AN DANG]\S1 BELIEV$ IT HAD ! RI<T TO )HOLD ! MO/ VITAL QUE/ION ( MOD]N SOCIETIES1 AL?\< JU/ICE & PRUD5CE REQUIR$ AN APPEAL TO ! C\NTRY UPON ! DEM&S ( ! WORK+ CLASSES4 ,?AT WAS ITS MI/AKE2 LET ?AT BE TO IT ALSO A LESSON4 

,FROM ?AT MOM5T IT WAS RECOGNIZ$ ?AT ! ,REPUBLIC1 :E!R YE/]DAY'S OR ?AT ( '#i#c1 C\LD NEV] BE1 9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 ! SAME ?+ AS ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,& IF ,SOCIALISM1 SO CALUMNIAT$ AT ?AT TIME BY ! V]Y P]SONS :O1 S9CE !N1 RECOGNIZ+ !IR MI/AKE1 HAVE COME 9 TURN TO ASK ITS ALLIANCE1 IF ,SOCIALISM1 ,I SAY1 HAD >\S$ ?IS QU>REL1 IF1 9 ! NAME ( ! DECEIV$ WORK]S1 ( ! BETRAY$ ,REVOLUTION1 IT HAD PRON\NC$ AGA9/ ! ,REPUBLIC1 ,JACOB9 OR ,GIROND91 IT IS ALL ! SAME1 ?IS ,REPUBLIC W\LD HAVE BE5 OV]:ELM$ 9 ! ELECTION ( ! #a? ( ,DECEMB]1 ! ,CON/ITUTION ( #ahdh W\LD HAVE BE5 ONLY A TRANSITION TO EMPIRE4 ,SOCIALISM HAD HI<] VIEWS2 ) UNANIM\S CONS5T IT SACRIFIC$ ITS [N GRIEVANCES1 & GAVE ITS VOICE = REPUBLICAN RULE4 ,BY ?IS IT 9CREAS$ ITS DANG]1 = ! MOM5T1 RA!R ?AN /R5G!N$ ITSELF4 ,:AT FOLL[S WILL %[ :E!R ITS TACTICS W]E WISE4 

,?US WAS BATTLE JO9$ BETWE5 ALL-P[]FUL 9T]E/S1 SKILLFUL & 9EXORABLE1 :I* TOOK ADVANTAGE ( ! TRADITIONS ( '#h#i & '#i#c1 & A REVOLUTION /ILL 9 ! CRADLE1 DIVID$ AGA9/ ITSELF1 HONOR$ BY NO HI/ORIC ANTEC$5T1 RALLY+ AB\T NO ANCI5T =MULA1 MOV$ BY NO DEF9ITE IDEA4 

,9 FACT1 :AT CR[N$ ! P]IL ( ,SOCIALISM1 WAS ?AT IT C\LD NOT SAY :AT IT WAS1 C\LD NOT PHRASE A S+LE PROPOSITION1 C\LD NOT EXPLA9 ITS GRIEVANCES NOR SUPPORT ITS CONCLUSIONS4 ,:AT IS ,SOCIALISM8 WAS ASK$4 ,& TW5TY DIFF]5T DEF9ITIONS AT ONCE VI$ 9 %[+ ! EMPT9ESS ( ! CAUSE4 ,FACT1 RI<T1 TRADITION1 COMMON S5SE1 EV]Y?+ UNIT$ AGA9/ IT4 ,BESIDES !RE WAS ?IS >GUM5T1 IRRESI/IBLE ) A PEOPLE BR\<T UP 9 ! WOR%IP ( ! OLD REVOLUTION>IES1--A WOR%IP ?AT IS /ILL MURMUR$ AMONG !M--?AT ,SOCIALISM N[ IS NOT ?AT ( '#h#i NOR ( '#i#c1 ?AT IT DOES NOT DATE FROM ! GREAT P]IOD1 ?AT ,MIRABEAU & ,DANTON W\LD HAVE DISDA9$ IT1 ?AT ,ROBESPI]RE W\LD HAVE GUILLOT9$ IT1 AFT] HAV+ BR&$ IT1 ?AT IT IS ! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT DEPRAV$1 ! POLITICS ( \R ANCE/ORS GONE A/RAY6444 ,IF AT ?AT MOM5T ,P[] HAD F\ND ONE MAN :O C\LD UND]/& ! ,REVOLUTION1 HE MI<T HAVE MOD]AT$ ITS IMPETUS AT HIS PLEASURE1 PR(IT+ BY ! SMALL FAVOR :I* IT 5C\NT]$4 ,! ,REVOLUTION1 IF IT HAD BE5 WELCOM$ BY ! RUL+ CLASSES1 W\LD HAVE SL[LY DEVELOP$ DUR+ A C5TURY1 9/EAD ( PRECIPITAT+ ITSELF ) RACEHORSE SPE$4 

,MATT]S C\LD NOT HAPP5 ?US4 ,IDEAS >E MADE DEF9ITE BY !IR CONTR>IES3 ! ,REVOLUTION WILL BE MADE DEF9ITE BY ! REACTION4 ,WE LACK =MULAS3 ! ,PROVISORY ,GOV]NM5T1 ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE1 ! DICTATOR%IP ( ,CAVAIGNAC1 ! ,PRESID5CY ( ,L\IS ,BONAP>TE1 HAVE UND]TAK5 TO PROVIDE !M = US4 ,! FOLLY ( GOV]NM5TS MAKES ! WISDOM ( REVOLUTION>IES3 )\T ?IS LEGION ( REACTION>IES :I* HAS PASS$ OV] \R BODIES1 WE C\LD NOT SAY1 MY ,SOCIALI/ FRI5DS1 :O WE >E NOR :I!R WE >E B\ND4 

,AGA9 ,I DECL>E ?AT ,I MAKE NO *>GE AGA9/ ! 9T5TIONS ( ANYBODY4 ,I PR(ESS TO BELIEVE /ILL 9 ! GOODNESS ( HUMAN 9T5TIONS3 )\T IT1 :AT BECOMES ( ! 9NOC5CE ( /ATESM51 & :Y HAVE WE ABOLI%$ ! DEA? P5ALTY 9 POLITICAL CASES8 ,SOON ! REACTION WILL FALL2 IT W\LD BE )\T MORAL JU/IFICATION AS WELL AS )\T REASON1 IT W\LD DO NO?+ T[>D \R REVOLUTION>Y $UCATION1 IF ITS REPRES5TATIVES1 HOLD+ ALL SORTS ( OP9IONS1 DID NOT =M A CONT9U\S *A91 EXT5D+ FROM ! PEAK ( ! ,M\NTA91 & 5D+ AMONG ! EXTREME ,LEGITIMI/S4 

,IT IS ! *>ACT] ( ! ,REVOLUTION ( ! ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY TO SEP>ATE ITSELF1 DAY BY DAY1 FROM ! EXCESSES ( ITS ADV]S>IES & FROM ! MI/AKES ( ITS DEF5D]S2 SO ?AT NO ONE CAN BOA/ ( HAV+ BE5 P]FECTLY OR?ODOX AT EV]Y MOM5T ( ! /RUGGLE4 ,WE ALL1 :ATEV] WE MI<T HAVE BE51 FAIL$ 9 #a#h#d#h2 & ?AT IS PRECISELY :Y WE HAVE MADE SO MU* PROGRESS S9CE #a#h#d#h4 

,SC>CELY HAD ! BLOOD %$ 9 ! AFFAIR ( ,JUNE BE5 DRI$1 :5 ! ,REVOLUTION1 OV]COME 9 ! /REETS1 BEGAN AGA9 TO ?UND] ?R\< ! NEWSPAP]S & ?R\< POPUL> MEET+S1 MORE EXPLICITLY & MORE ACCUS+LY ?AN EV]4 ,?REE MON?S HAD NOT PASS$ :5 ! ,GOV]NM5T1 SURPRIS$ AT ?IS 9DOMITABLE P]SI/5CE1 DEM&$ NEW WEAPONS FROM ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY4 ,! RIOT ( ,JUNE HAD NOT BE5 PUT D[N1 IT ASS]T$3 )\T A LAW AGA9/ ! FRE$OM ( ! PRESS & AGA9/ PUBLIC MEET+S1 IT C\LD NOT BE RESPONSIBLE = KEEP+ ORD] & PRES]V+ SOCIETY4 

,IT IS ( ! ESS5CE ( REACTION TO %[ ITS EVIL T5D5CIES UND] ! PRESSURE ( REVOLUTION4 ,! M9I/]S ( ,CAVAIGNAC SAID AL\D1 :AT A C]TA9 MEMB] ( ! ,PROVISORY ,GOV]NM5T1 N[ RE9/AT$ 9 FAVOR ) ! PEOPLE1 HAD ?\<T 9 HIS SECRET CONFID5CES4 

,BUT IT IS ALSO NATURAL TO BEAT5 P>TIES TO JO9 ! OPPOSITION2 !RE=E ,SOCIALISM MI<T C\NT ON AT LEA/ SOME ( ITS =M] ADV]S>IES MAK+ COMMON CAUSE ) IT4 ,?IS WAS 9DE$ :AT HAPP5$4 

,! ME*ANICS1 TOGE!R ) A GOOD MANY TRADESPEOPLE1 CONT9U$ TO DEM& WORK4 ,BUS9ESS WAS NOT GOOD2 ! PEASANTS COMPLA9$ ( HI<] R5TS & ! L[ PRICE ( F>M PRODUCE2 !Y :O HAD COMBAT$ ! 9SURRECTION & PRON\NC$ AGA9/ ,SOCIALISM1 DEM&$ AS RECOMP5SE SUBSIDIES = ! IMM$IATE PRES5T1 & GU>ANTIES = ! FUTURE4 ,! ,GOV]NM5T C\LD SEE 9 ALL ?IS NO?+ BUT A PASS+ EPIDEMIC1 ! RESULT ( UN=TUNATE CIRCUM/ANCES1 A SORT ( 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL *OL]A-MORBUS1 :I* MU/ BE TREAT$ ) BLE$+ & S$ATIVES4 

,9 ?IS1 ! ,GOV]NM5T F\ND ITSELF HAMP]$ BY LIMITATIONS6 ! LAW NO LONG] SUFFIC$ = ITS PROTECTION2 IT MU/ HAVE M>TIAL RULE4 ,SOCIALISM1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 DECL>$ ITSELF REPUBLICAN1 & /OOD UPON ! LAW1 9 ! MO/ DISQUIET+ MANN]1 AS )9 A =TRESS4 ,SO IT WAS ?AT AT EV]Y EF=T AT REACTION1 ! LAW WAS ALWAYS ) ! REVOLUTION>IES1 & AGA9/ ! CONS]VATIVES4 ,NEV] WAS SU* BAD LUCK4 ,! SAY+ ( A M9I/] ( ! OLD MON>*Y1 ,LEGALITY IS \R RU96 BECAME TRUE AGA9 UND] ! REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T4 ,EI!R LAW MU/ BE DONE AWAY )1 OR ! REVOLUTION MU/ ADVANCE6 

,REPRESSIVE LAWS W]E GRANT$1 & SEV]AL TIMES MADE MORE RIGOR\S4 ,AS ,I WRITE1 FRE$OM ( ASSEMBLAGE HAS BE5 ABOLI%$2 ! REVOLUTION>Y PRESS NO LONG] EXI/S4 ,:AT FRUIT HAS ! ,GOV]NM5T GA!R$ FROM ?IS ANTIPHLOGI/IC M$ICATION8 

,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 ! DEM& = LIB]TY ( ! PRESS HAS UNIT$ ) ! ASS]TION ( ! RI<T TO LABOR4 ,! REVOLUTION HAS ADD$ TO ITS RANKS ALL ! OLD FRI5DS ( PUBLIC LIB]TY1 :O REFUSE TO BELIEVE ?AT GAGG+ ! PRESS WAS A REM$Y = ! CONTAGION ( IDEAS4 ,!N1 AS PROPAG&A ?R\< ! PRESS HAD BE5 SUSP5D$1 PROPAG&A BY WORD ( M\? BEGAN2 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ! /RONGE/ REVOLUTION>Y ME?OD WAS OPPOS$ TO ! VIOL5CE ( REACTION4 ,9 TWO YE>S ! ,REVOLUTION MADE MORE WAY ?R\< ?IS 9TIMATE TALK ( A :OLE PEOPLE ?AN IT C\LD HAVE MADE 9 A C5TURY BY DAILY DISS]TATIONS4 ,:ILE ! REACTION WREAKS ITS V5GEANCE UPON TYPE1 ! REVOLUTION W9S BY ! SPOK5 WORD3 ! SICK MAN :O WAS TO HAVE BE5 CUR$ ( FEV]1 IS TORN BY CONVULSIONS6 

,>E NOT !SE ! FACTS8 ,>E WE NOT ALL DAILY WITNESSES ( !M8 ,9 ATTACK+1 ONE AFT] ! O!R1 ALL =MS ( LIB]TY1 HAS NOT ! REACTION AS (T5 REAFFIRM$ ! REVOLUTION8 ,& IS IT NOT CONTEMPORANE\S HI/ORY1 ?IS ROMANCE ?AT ,I SEEM TO BE WRIT+1 :]E( ! ABSURDITY F> SURPASSES ?OSE ( ,P]RAULT'S /ORIES8 ,! ,REVOLUTION NEV] PROSP]$ SO MU* AS S9CE ! MO/ EM95T /ATESM5 CONSPIR$ AGA9/ IT1 & ITS ORGANS DISAPPE>$ FROM ! /AGE4 ,MOREOV] ALL ?AT %ALL BE UND]TAK5 AGA9/ ! ,REVOLUTION WILL /R5G!N IT3 LET US CITE ONLY ! PR9CIPAL FACTS4 

,9 A FEW MON?S ! REVOLUTION>Y MALADY HAD 9FECT$ TWO-?IRDS ( ,EUROPE4 ,ITS *IEF C5T]S W]E ,ROME & ,V5ICE 9 ,ITALY1 & ,HUNG>Y BEYOND ! ,RH9E4 ,! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,FR5* ,REPUBLIC1 9 ORD] TO REPRESS ! ,REVOLUTION AT HOME ) MORE C]TA9TY1 DID NOT HESITATE TO MAKE A =EIGN CONQUE/4 ,! ,RE/ORATION HAD MADE ! ,SPANI% W> AGA9/ ! LIB]ALS3 ! ,REACTION ( #ahdi MADE ! EXP$ITION TO ,ROME AGA9/ ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY--,I EMPLOY !SE TWO WORDS AS 9DICAT+ ! PROGRESS :I* ! ,REVOLUTION HAD MADE 9 ONE YE>4 ,C]TA9 DESC5DANTS ( ,VOLTAIRE1 HEIRS ( ! ,JACOB9S1--C\LD ANY?+ ELSE BE EXPECT$ FROM ,ROBESPI]RE'S ACOLYTES8--HAD CONCEIV$ ! IDEA ( BR++ AID TO ! ,POPE1 & ?US UNIT+ ! ,REPUBLIC & ,CA?OLICISM3 ! ,JESUITS C>RI$ IT \T4 ,BEAT5 AT ,ROME1 ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY TRI$ TO PROTE/ AT ,P>IS3 IT WAS DISP]S$ )\T A /RUGGLE4 

,:AT DID ! ,REACTION GA98 ,TO ! HATR$ ( K+S 9 ! HE>T ( ! PEOPLE WAS ADD$ HATR$ ( PRIE/S2 & ! W> AGA9/ GOV]NM5TAL AU?ORITY ?R\<\T ,EUROPE WAS COMPLICAT$ BY W> AGA9/ RELIGI\S AU?ORITY4 ,9 #a#h#d#h1 ! ONLY QUE/ION1 ! DOCTORS SAID WAS ( POLITICAL EXCITEM5T3 V]Y SOON1 ?R\< ! FUTILITY ( ! REM$IES1 IT BECAME AN ECONOMIC QUE/ION2 N[ IT IS CALL$ RELIGI\S4 ,IS NOT M$IC9E USELESS8 ,:AT FUR!R PHYSIC CAN WE USE8 

,EVID5TLY IT WAS A CASE :5 POLITICIANS ( ! SMALLE/ COMMON S5SE W\LD HAVE RETREAT$3 IT WAS JU/ ?IS MOM5T ?AT !Y SELECT$ TO PU% REACTION TO ITS UTMO/4 ,NO1 !Y SAID1 A NATION HAS NO RI<T TO POISON ITSELF1 TO ASSASS9ATE ITSELF4 ,! ,GOV]NM5T HAS *>GE ( ITS S\L3 ITS DUTIES >E ?OSE ( ! GU>DIAN & ! FA!R4 ,! SAFETY ( ! PEOPLE IS ! HI<E/ LAW4 DO :AT Y\ \<T1 COME :AT MAY6 

,IT WAS RESOLV$ ?AT ! ,C\NTRY %\LD BE PURG$1 BL$1 CAUT]IZ$ TO ! LIMIT4 ,A VA/ SANIT>Y SY/EM WAS ORGANIZ$ & FOLL[$ ) A DEVOTION :I* W\LD HAVE DONE HONOR TO ! APO/LES4 ,HIPPOCRATES1 SAV+ ,A!NS FROM ! PLAGUE1 DID NOT SEEM MORE MAGNAM9\S4 ,! ,CON/ITUTION1 ! ELECTORATE1 ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D1 ! MUNICIPAL C\NCILS1 ! ,UNIV]SITY1 ! >MY1 ! POLICE ! C\RTS1 ALL W]E PASS$ ?R\< ! FLAMES4 ,! BUS9ESS WORLD1 ?AT EV]LA/+ FRI5D ( ORD]1 WAS ACCUS$ ( LIB]AL 9CL9ATIONS1 & 9VOLV$ 9 ! SAME SUSPICIONS AS ! WORK+ CLASSES4 ,! ,GOV]NM5T W5T SO F> AS TO SAY1 BY ! M\? ( ,M4 ,R\H]1 ?AT IT DID NOT REG>D ITSELF AS S\ND1 ?AT ITS ORIG9 WAS A /A91 ?AT IT C>RI$ 9 ITSELF ! REVOLUTION>Y POISON3 ,ECCE 9 9IQUITATIBUS CONCEPTUS SUM6.<#a#b.> 444 ,!N IT GOT TO WORK4 

,9/RUCTION1 BAS$ UPON REASON ONLY1 BY SECUL> TEA*]S SELECT$ BY EXAM9ATION1 C\LD NOT BE DEP5D$ UPON4 ,! ,GOV]NM5T ?\<T IT ESS5TIAL TO PLACE TEA*+ UND] ! AU?ORITY ( ! ,FAI?4 ,IT WAS ANN\NC$ TO ! WORLD ?AT 9/RUCTION1 LIKE ! PRESS1 WAS NO LONG] FREE1 BY ! SUBJECTION ( PRIM>Y TEA*]S TO ! PRIE/S & TO ! LAY BRO!RS1 BY H&+ ! ,CITY ,COLLEGES OV] TO ! ,CONGREGATIONI/S1 BY PLAC+ PUBLIC TEA*+ 9 *>GE ( ! CL]GY1 BY A/ONI%+ DISMISSALS ( PR(ESSORS AFT] !IR D5UNCIATION BY BI%OPS4 ,:AT DID ! ,GOV]NM5T GA9 BY ?IS TREATM5T8 ,BY ITS JESUITICAL ANNOYANCE IT ?REW !M ALL 9TO ! ,REVOLUTION1 M5 DEVOT$ AS !Y W]E TO ! $UCATION ( Y\?1 ) NO?+ TIMID AB\T !1 

,!N IT WAS ! >MY'S TURN4 

,COM+ FROM ! PEOPLE1 RECRUIT$ EV]Y YE> FROM AMONG !M1 9 P]PETUAL CONTACT ) !M1 NO?+ W\LD HAVE BE5 LESS C]TA9 ?AN ITS OB$I5CE1 9 ! FACE ( AN >\S$ POPULACE & VIOLAT$ CON/ITUTION4 ,AN 9TELLECTUAL DIET1 TOGE!R ) COMPLETE ISOLATION1 & ! PROHIBITION ( ?\<T1 ( CONV]SATION & ( READ+ ON POLITICAL & SOCIAL TOPICS WAS PRESCRIB$4 ,NO SOON] DID ! SLI<TE/ SIGN ( CONTAGION APPE> 9 A REGIM5T1 ?AN IT WAS AT ONCE PURIFI$1 REMOV$ FROM ! CAPITAL & FROM POPUL\S C5T]S1 & S5T AS DISCIPL9E 9TO ,AFRICA4 ,IT IS H>D TO DISCOV] :AT ! SOLDI] ?\<T3 IT IS AT LEA/ C]TA9 ?AT ! TREATM5T TO :I* HE WAS SUBJECT$ = MORE ?AN TWO YE>S PROV$ TO HIM1 9 ! MO/ UNEQUIVOCAL WAY1 ?AT ! ,GOV]NM5T WANT$ NEI!R ! ,REPUBLIC1 NOR ! ,CON/ITUTION1 NOR LIB]TY1 NOR ! RI<T TO LABOR1 NOR UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE2 ?AT ! PLAN ( ! M9I/]S WAS TO REE/ABLI% ! OLD ORD] 9 ,FRANCE1 AS !Y HAD REE/ABLI%$ ! RULE ( PRIE/S AT ,ROME1 & ?AT !Y C\NT$ ON HIM6 444 ,WILL ! SUSPICI\S SOLDI] SWALL[ ?IS DOSE8 ,! ,GOV]NM5T HOPES SO2 ?AT IS ! QUE/ION6 444 

,IT WAS TO ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D ?AT ! P>TY ( ORD] [$ ITS FIR/ SUCCESSES1 9 ,APRIL1 ,MAY1 & ,JUNE ( #a#h#d#h4 ,BUT ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D1 :ILE IT PUT D[N ! RIOT1 HAD NO IDEA ( AID+ ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,MORE ?AN ONCE IT SAID SO4 ,IT WAS SAID TO BE SICK4 ,( ALL ! C>ES ( ! ,GOV]NM5T1 ?AT :I* MO/ OCCUPIES ITS ATT5TION IS ! DISB&M5T1 OR AT LEA/1 ! DIS>MAM5T1 ( ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D1 GRADUALLY1 NOT ALL AT ONCE1 ?AT W\LD NOT DO4 ,AGA9/ A ,NATIONAL ,GU>D >M$1 ORGANIZ$1 READY = BATTLE1 REACTION>Y WISDOM KN[S NO PROTECTION4 ,! ,GOV]NM5T CANNOT BELIEVE ITSELF SAFE AS LONG AS A S+LE CITIZ5 SOLDI] REMA9S 9 ,FRANCE4 ,NATIONAL ,GU>DS6 ,Y\ CANNOT BE TURN$ FROM LIB]TY & PROGRESS1 ADVANCE T[>D ! ,REVOLUTION6 

,LIKE ALL MONOMANIACS1 ! ,GOV]NM5T IS P]FECTLY LOGICAL 9 ITS IDEA4 ,IT FOLL[S ) WOND]FUL PUNCTUALITY & P]SEV]ANCE4 ,IT QUITE UND]/OOD ?AT ! CURE ( ! NATION1 & ( ,EUROPE1 ( :I* IT HAD CON/ITUT$ ITSELF ! PHYSICIAN1 MI<T NOT HAVE REA*$ ! PO9T :]E POPUL> ELECTIONS C\LD BE DONE AWAY )1 & ?AT ! UN=TUNATE PATI5T1 DRIV5 CRAZY BY HIS M$ICATIONS1 MI<T BREAK HIS BONDS1 OV]P[] HIS GU>DS1 & 9 ONE H\R ( MADNESS MI<T DE/ROY ! FRUIT ( ?REE YE>S ( TREATM5T4 ,ALREADY AN IMPOS+ MAJORITY1 9 VOT+ UPON ! ELECTORAL QUE/ION1 9 ,M>* & ,APRIL ( #a#h#e1 HAD VOT$ = REVOLUTION--MON>*Y OR REPUBLIC--?AT IS TO SAY1 REVOLUTION OR /ATUS QUO4 ,H[ .<TO.> W>D (F SU* A DANG] & SAVE ! PEOPLE FROM ITS [N FR5ZY8 

,IT IS NECESS>Y N[1 SAY ! WISEACRES1 TO PROCE$ 9DIRECTLY4 ,LET US SEP>ATE ! PEOPLE 9TO TWO CATEGORIES1 ! ONE COMPRIS+ ! CITIZ5S :O1 FROM !IR POSITION1 >E PRESUM$ TO BE ! MO/ REVOLUTION>Y2 !Y >E TO BE EXCLUD$ FROM UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE2 ! O!R1 ALL ?OSE :O1 FROM !IR /&+1 >E MORE 9CL9$ TO KEEP ?+S AS !Y >E3 !SE WILL =M ! ELECTORAL BODY4 ,:AT ( IT1 ?AT BY ?IS SUPPRESSION WE %ALL HAVE ELIM9AT$ ?REE MILLION 9DIVIDUALS FROM ! VOT+ LI/S1 IF ! SEV5 REMA9+ MILLIONS ACCEPT !IR PRIVILEGE8 ,) SEV5 MILLION VOT]S & ! >MY1 WE >E SURE TO OV]COME ! REVOLUTION2 & RELIGION1 & AU?ORITY1 & ! FAMILY1 & PROP]TY1 >E SAV$6 

,TW5TY-SEV5 NOTABILITIES 9 POLITICAL & MORAL SCI5CE1 !Y SAY1 W]E PRES5T AT ?IS CONSULTATION ( M5 ( CONSUMMATE SKILL 9 *ECKMAT+ REVOLUTIONS & REVOLUTION>IES4 ,! ORD9ANCE WAS PRES5T$ TO ! ,LEGISLATIVE ,ASSEMBLY1 & WAS CONFIRM$ ON ! #c#a/ ( ,MAY4 

,UN=TUNATELY IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO MAKE A LAW ( PRIVILEGE :I* %\LD ALSO BE A LI/ ( SUSPECTS4 ,! LAW ( ! #c#a/ ( ,MAY1 CUTT+ RI<T & LEFT ALMO/ EQUALLY AMONG ,SOCIALI/S & ,CONS]VATIVES1 ONLY S]V$ TO /IR UP REVOLUTION ! MORE1 BY R5D]+ ! REACTION ODI\S4 ,AMONG ! SEV5 MILLION VOT]S :O RETA9$1 F\R MILLION P]HAPS BELONG$ TO ! DEMOCRACY4 ,ADD TO !SE ! ?REE MILLIONS ( ! DISCONT5T$ :O W]E %UT \T1 & Y\ WILL HAVE ! RELATIVE /R5G? ( ! REVOLUTION & ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 AT LEA/ AS REG>DS ! ELECTORAL PRIVILEGE4 ,MOREOV]1 SEE ! FOLLY ( IT6 ,IT WAS JU/ ! V]Y VOT]S ( ! P>TY ( ORD]1 9 :OSE FAVOR ! LAW ( ! #c#a/ ( ,MAY HAD BE5 DRAWN1 :O W]E ! FIR/ TO D5\NCE IT3 !Y BLAME IT = ALL !IR PRES5T EVILS1 & = ! GREAT] ILLS :I* !Y ANTICIPATE 9 ! FUTURE2 !Y >E L\DLY DEM&+ ITS REPEAL 9 !IR NEWSPAP]S4 ,& ! BE/ REASON = BELIEV+ ?AT ?IS LAW WILL NEV] BE PUT 9TO EXECUTION1 IS ?AT IT IS P]FECTLY USELESS1 ! 9T]E/ ( ! ,GOV]NM5T BE+ RA!R TO )DRAW FROM ITS SUPPORT ?AN TO DEF5D IT4 ,IS ?AT 5\< ( BLUND]+ & SC&AL8 

,! REACTION HAS MADE ! REVOLUTION GR[ AS 9 A HOTB$ DUR+ ! LA/ ?REE YE>S4 ,BY ITS POLICY1 AT FIR/ EQUIVOCAL1 !N VE]+1 F9ALLY OP5LY ABSOLUTI/ & T]RORI/1 IT HAS CREAT$ AN 9NUM]ABLE REVOLUTION>Y P>TY1 :]E BE=E NOT ONE MAN C\LD BE RECKON$4 ,&1 GOOD HEAV5S6 :AT WAS ! USE ( ALL ?IS >BITR>9ESS8 ,TO :AT 5D ALL ?IS VIOL5CE8 ,AGA9/ :OM LAY ! COMPLA9T8 ,:AT MON/]1 9IMICAL TO CIVILIZATION & SOCIETY1 DID !Y SEEK TO COMBAT8 ,DID ANYBODY KN[ :E!R ! ,REVOLUTION ( #ahdh WAS RI<T OR WRONG8 ,?IS REVOLUTION ?AT HAD NEV] DEF9$ ITSELF8 ,:O HAD /UDI$ IT8 ,:O1 ) HIS H& UPON HIS HE>T1 C\LD ACCUSE IT8 ,DEPLORABLE HALLUC9ATION6 ,UND] ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T & ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ! REVOLUTION>Y P>TY DID NOT EXI/1 EXCEPT 9 ! AIR3 ! IDEA ( IT1 ) ITS MY/ICAL =MULAS1 HAD YET TO BE DISCOV]$4 ,BY ITS DECL>ATION AGA9/ ?IS SPECT]1 ! REACTION HAS CONV]T$ ! SPECT] 9TO A LIV+ BODY1 A GIANT1 :I* ) A S+LE GE/URE MAY CRU% IT4 ,?AT :I* ,I MYSELF C\LD SC>CELY CONCEIVE BE=E ! DAY ( ,JUNE2 :I* S9CE !N ,I HAVE COME TO UND]/& ONLY GRADUALLY1 & UND] ! FIRE ( ! REACTION>Y >TILL]Y1 ,I D>E N[ ASS]T ) C]TA9TY3 ! ,REVOLUTION HAS TAK5 %APE1 IT UND]/&S ITSELF1 IT IS COMPLET$4 

,TRANSLATOR'S NOTE _?#a#a3 #a? ( ,DECEMB]1 #a#h#d#h1 :5 ,L\IS ,NAPOLEON WAS ELECT$ ,PRESID5T4 8 

,TRANSLATOR'S NOTE _?#a#b3 ,LO1 ,I WAS CONCEIV$ 9 9IQUITY4 8 

#c4 ,WEAKNESS ( ! ,REACTION3 ,TRIUMPH ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,& N[1 REACTION>IES1 Y\ >E R$UC$ TO H]OIC MEASURES4 ,Y\ HAVE C>RI$ VIOL5CE TO A PO9T :]E Y\ >E HAT$1 DESPOTISM TO :]E Y\ >E DI/RU/$1 ! ABUSE ( Y\R LEGISLATIVE P[] UP TO DISLOYALTY4 ,Y\ HAVE LAVI%$ SCORN & \TRAGE3 Y\ HAVE S\<T BLOOD & CIVIL W>4 ,ALL ?IS HAS PRODUC$ AS MU* EFFECT ON ! ,REVOLUTION AS AN >R[ UPON A RH9OC]OS4 ,!Y :O DO NOT HATE Y\1 DESPISE Y\4 ,!Y >E WRONG3 Y\ >E HONE/ PEOPLE1 FULL ( TOL]ANCE & PHILAN?ROPY1 MOV$ BY ! BE/ 9T5TIONS1 BUT Y\R M9D & CONSCI5CE >E UPSIDE D[N4 ,I DISREG>D :ATEV] Y\ MAY RESOLVE1 :E!R Y\ CONT9UE TO ATTACK ! REVOLUTION1 OR DET]M9E TO TREAT ) IT1 AS ,I EXPECT Y\ WILL DO4 ,BUT IF Y\ SELECT ! =M] C\RSE1 ,I WILL TELL Y\ :AT Y\ MU/ DO2 Y\ Y\RSELVES MAY JUDGE :AT Y\ HAVE TO EXPECT4 

,! PEOPLE1 ACCORD+ TO Y\1 >E AFFECT$ BY M5TAL ALI5ATION4 ,IT IS Y\R MISSION TO UCRE !M3 PUBLIC SECURITY IS Y\R ONLY LAW1 Y\R HI<E/ DUTY4 ,AS Y\ >E ACC\NTABLE TO PO/]ITY1 Y\ W\LD DI%ONOR Y\RSELVES BY DES]T+ ! PO/ AT :I* ,PROVID5CE HAS PLAC$ Y\4 ,Y\ >E 9 ! RI<T2 Y\ HAVE ! =CE2 Y\R RESOLUTION IS CLE>4 

,ALL ! REGUL> ME?ODS ( GOV]NM5T HAV+ FAIL$1 Y\R FUR!R POLICY IS COMPRIS$ 9 ONE WORD3 =CE4 

,=CE1 9 ORD] TO PREV5T SOCIETY FROM COMMITT+ SUICIDE2 ?AT MEANS ?AT Y\ MU/ PUT A /OP TO EV]Y REVOLUTION>Y MANIFE/ATION1 EV]Y REVOLUTION>Y ?\<T1 ?AT Y\ MU/ PUT ! NATION 9 AN IRON /RAIT JACKET1 HOLD ! TW5TY-SIX DEP>TM5TS 9 A /ATE ( SIEGE1 SUSP5D ! LAWS G5]ALLY EV]Y:]E1 ATTACK ! EVIL AT ITS S\RCE BY DEPORT+ FROM ! C\NTRY & FROM ,EUROPE ! AU?ORS & FOM5T]S ( AN>*ICAL & ANTISOCIAL IDEAS1 PREP>E = ! RE/ORATION ( ! OLD 9/ITUTIONS BY CONF]R+ UPON ! ,GOV]NM5T DISCRETION>Y P[] OV] PROP]TY1 9DU/RY & COMM]CE1 @&C41 UNTIL A P]FECT CURE IS EFFECT$4 

,DO NOT B>GA9 AB\T ! ABSOLUTE RUL]%IP3 DO NOT DISPUTE OV] ! *OICE ( A DICTATOR4 ,LEGITIMATE MON>*Y1 HALF LEGITIMATE1 A COMB9ATION ( P>TIES1 IMP]IALISM1 TOTAL OR P>TIAL REVISION ( ! ,CON/ITUTION1 ALL ?AT1 BELIEVE ME1 IS ( NO IMPORTANCE4 ,! PROMPTE/ ACTION IS ! SURE/4 ,REMEMB] ?AT IT IS NOT ! =M ( GOV]NM5T ?AT IS 9 QUE/ION3 IT IS SOCIETY4 ,Y\R ONLY C>E %\LD BE TO TAKE Y\R MEASURES PRUD5TLY2 BECAUSE IF AT ! LA/ MOM5T ! ,REVOLUTION GETS AWAY FROM Y\1 Y\ >E LO/4 

,IF ! PR9CE :O IS N[ 9 P[] W]E PRESID5T = LIFE1 IF AT ! SAME TIME ! ,ASSEMBLY1 UNC]TA9 ( ! VOT]S1 C\LD PROROGUE ITSELF AS ! ,CONV5TION US$ TO DO1 UNTIL ! CONVALESC5CE ( ! 9VALID1 ! SOLUTION W\LD P]HAPS SEEM TO BE DISCOV]$4 ,! ,GOV]NM5T W\LD ONLY HAVE TO KEEP /ILL & HAVE MASSES CELEBRAT$ 9 ALL ! *UR*ES ( ,FRANCE1 = ! RE/ORATION TO HEAL? ( ! ,PEOPLE4 ,!RE W\LD BE LITTLE NE$ ( DO+ ANY?+ AGA9/ 9SURRECTION4 ,LEGALITY1 9 ?IS L& ( J\RNALI/S1 IS SO P[]FUL1 ?AT !RE IS NO OPPRESSION1 NO \TRAGE1 ?AT WE >E NOT READY TO 5DURE1 AS SOON AS !Y SPEAK TO US ,9 ! ,NAME ( ! ,LAW4 

,BUT BY ! T]MS ( ! FUNDAM5TAL AGREEM5T1 ,L\IS ,BONAP>TE LEAVES (FICE AT ! 5D ( ,APRIL1 #a#h#e#b2 AS = ! ,ASSEMBLY1 ITS P[]S EXPIRE ON ! #b#i? ( ,MAY FOLL[+1 AT ! V]Y HEI<T ( REVOLUTION>Y >DOR4 ,ALL IS LO/ IF ?+S GO AS ! ,CON/ITUTION PRESCRIBES4 ,LOSE NOT A MOM5T3 ,CAVEANT CONSULES6 

,!N AS ! ,CON/ITUTION N[ IS ! CAUSE ( ALL ! DANG]1 AS !RE IS NO LEGAL SOLUTION POSSIBLE1 AS ! ,GOV]NM5T CANNOT C\NT ON ! SUPPORT ( ANY P>T ( ! NATION1 AS ! GANGR5E HAS 9VOLV$ EV]Y?+1 Y\ MU/ TAKE C\NSEL ONLY ( Y\RSELVES & ( ! IMM5SITY ( Y\R DUTIES1 ON PA9 ( =FEITURE & C[>DICE4 

,9 ! FIR/ PLACE ! ,CON/ITUTION MU/ BE REVIS$ BY Y\1 BY ,AU?ORITY2 AT ! SAME TIME ,L\IS ,BONAP>TE MU/ BE PROROGU$ 9 HIS P[]S1 BY ,AU?ORITY4 

,?IS PROROGATION WILL NOT SUFFICE1 AS ! ELECTIONS ( #aheb MAY GIVE A DEMAGOGIC ,ASSEMBLY1 ( :I* ! FIR/ ACT WILL BE ! IMPEA*M5T ( ! REELECT$ ,PRESID5T & HIS M9I/]S4 ,!RE=E ! ,PRESID5T1 AT ! SAME TIME ?AT HE IS PROROGU$ BY ! ,ASSEMBLY1 WILL PROROGUE ! ,ASSEMBLY 9 HIS TURN1 & BY ,AU?ORITY4 

,AFT] !SE FIR/ ACTS ( DICTATOR%IP1 ! ,G5]AL & ,MUNICIPAL ,C\NCILS1 DULY R5EW$1 WILL BE ASK$ TO S5D 9 !IR ADHESION1 ON PA9 ( IMM$IATE DISSOLUTION & ( ! DISPAT* ( COMMISSION]S4 

,IT IS LIKELY ?AT ?IS D\BLE PROROGATION ( ! PRESID5T & ( ! ,ASSEMBLY WILL BE FOLL[$ BY SOME DI/URBANCE2 IT IS A RISK TO BE RUN1 A BATTLE TO BE JO9$1 A VICTORY TO W94 

,TO CONQU] )\T DANG] IS TO TRIUMPH )\T GLORY4 

,DECIDE4 

,!N Y\ MU/ ABOLI% UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 AS WELL AS ! LAW ( ! #c#a/ ( ,MAY1 & RETURN TO ! SY/EM ( ,M4 ,VILLELE & TO ! D\BLE VOTE2 BETT] /ILL1 SUPPRESS ! :OLE REPRES5TATIVE SY/EM1 :ILE WAIT+ = ! RECLASSIFICATION ( ! NATION 9 ORD]S1 & ! RE/ORATION ( FEUDALISM ON A MORE SOLID BASIS4 

,SUPPOSE !N ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION1 SO VIOL5TLY PROVOK$1 DOES NOT /UMBLE1 OR ?AT IF IT DOES /UMBLE1 IT IS CRU%$2 SUPPOSE ?AT ! TWO HUNDR$ REPUBLICAN REPRES5TATIVES DO NOT ANSW] ! USURP+ ACTS ( ! MAJORITY BY A DECL>ATION ?AT !Y >E UNLAWFUL1 PREP>$1 SIGN$ & PUBLI%$ 9 ADVANCE2 ?AT1 FOLL[+ ?IS DECL>ATION1 ! AU?ORS ( ! C\P D',ETAT >E NOT /RUCK D[N 9 ! /REET1 9 !IR HOMES1 ANY:]E ?AT ! AV5G+ H& ( PATRIOTIC B&S CAN REA* !M2 SUPPOSE ?AT ! POPULACE DOES NOT RISE 9 MASS1 AT ,P>IS & 9 ! PROV9CES2 ?AT A P>T ( ! TROOPS1 UPON :I* ! REACTION PLACES ITS HOPES1 DOES NOT JO9 ! 9SURG5TS2 SUPPOSE ?AT TWO OR ?REE HUNDR$ SOLDI]S >E 5\< TO HOLD D[N ! REVOLUTION>IES ( ?IRTY-SEV5 ?\S& T[NS1 TO :I* ! C\P D',ETAT WILL S]VE AS A SIGNAL2 SUPPOSE ?AT1 LACK+ RELIEF1 ! REFUSAL TO PAY TAXES1 ! /OPPAGE ( WORK1 ! 9T]RUPTION ( TRANSPORTATION1 DEVA/ATION1 CONFLAGRATIONS1 ALL ! FURY =ESE5 BY ! AU?OR ( ,! ,R$ ,SPECT]1  DO NOT BLOCK ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION 9 ITS TURN2 SUPPOSE ?AT IT IS 5\< = ! HEAD ( ! EXECUTIVE P[]1 ELECT$ BY F\R HUNDR$ CONSPIRATORS1 = ! EI<TY-SIX PREFECTS1 ! F\R HUNDR$ & FIFTY-N9E SUBPREFECTS1 ! PROCUR]S-G5]AL1 ! PRESID5TS1 ! C\NCILORS1 SUB/ITUTES1 CAPTA9S ( POLICE1 COMMISSION]S ( POLICE1 & SOME ?\S&S ( NOTABILITIES !IR ACCOMPLICES1 TO PRES5T !MSELVES TO ! MASSES 9 ORD] TO MAKE !M RETURN TO !IR DUTY4 

,SUPPOSE1 ,I SAY1 ?AT ANY ONE ( !SE CONJECTURES1 SO LIKELY1 SO PROBABLE1 IS NOT REALIZ$1 IT WILL BE NECESS>Y1 IF Y\ EXPECT Y\R WORK TO /&3 

,TO DECL>E ! /ATE ( SIEGE G5]AL1 ABSOLUTE1 & = AN UNLIMIT$ TIME2 

,TO DECREE ! DEPORTATION BEYOND ! SEAS ( A HUNDR$ ?\S& 9DIVIDUALS2 

,TO D\BLE ! EFFECTIVE /R5G? ( ! >MY1 & TO KEEP IT CON/ANTLY ON A W> FOOT+2 

,TO 9CREASE ! G>RISONS & ! POLICE1 TO >M ALL ! =TRESSES1 TO BUILD 9 EA* DI/RICT A /RONG CA/LE1 TO 9T]E/ ! MILIT>Y 9 ! REACTION1 BY MAK+ ! >MY AN 5D[$ & 5NOBL$ CA/E1 :I* CAN P>TLY RECRUIT ITSELF2 

,TO RE>RANGE ! PEOPLE 9 CORPORATIONS ( >TS & CRAFTS1 NO ONE ACCESSIBLE TO ANY O!R2 TO SUPPRESS FREE COMPETITION2 TO CREATE 9 COMM]CE1 9DU/RY1 AGRICULTURE1 PROP]TY1 F9ANCE1 A PRIVILEG$ TRAD+ CLASS1 :I* WILL JO9 H&S ) ! >I/OCRACY ( ! >MY & ! ,*UR*2 

,TO EXPURGATE OR BURN N9E-T5?S ( ! BOOKS 9 ! LIBR>IES1 BOOKS ( SCI5CE1 PHILOSOPHY & HI/ORY2 TO DO AWAY ) EV]Y VE/IGE ( ! 9TELLECTUAL MOVEM5T = F\R C5TURIES2 TO COMMIT ! DIRECTION ( /UDIES & ! >*IVES ( CIVILIZATION TO ! ,JESUITS EXCLUSIVELY2 

,TO 9CREASE ! TAXES TWO HUNDR$ MILLION DOLL>S1 & ISSUE NEW LOANS1 9 ORD] TO COV] !SE EXP5SES1 & TO ]ECT A SPECIAL & 9ALI5ABLE PRIVILEGE = ! SUPPORT ( ! NEW NOBILITY1 AS WELL AS ( ! *UR*ES1 SEM9>IES & CONV5TS4 

,?AT IS AN \TL9E ( ! POLICY & ( ! MEASURES = ORGANIZATION & REPRESSION :I* ! REACTION MU/ ADOPT 9 ORD] TO C>RY \T :AT IT HAS UND]TAK51 IF IT WANTS TO BE LOGICAL & TO FOLL[ ITS =TUNE TO ! 5D4 ,IT CON/ITUTES A SOCIAL REG5]ATION :I* C>RIES CIVILIZATION BACK TO ! F\RTE5? C5TURY1 & RE/ORES FEUDALISM1 ) ! AID ( ! NEW ELEM5TS FURNI%$ BY ! MOD]N SPIRIT & BY EXP]I5CE ( REVOLUTIONS4 ,TO HESITATE OR TO /OP HALFWAY W\LD BE TO LOSE DISGRACEFULLY ! FRUIT ( ?REE YE>S ( EF=T1 & TO RU% TO C]TA91 IRREP>ABLE DISA/]6 

,HAVE Y\ ?\<T ( ?IS1 REACTION>IES8 HAVE Y\ RECKON$ ! P[] ?AT HAS BE5 ACQUIR$ BY ! ,REVOLUTION ?R\< ?REE YE>S ( PRESSURE8 ,HAVE Y\ REALIZ$ ?AT ! MON/] HAS GR[N HIS CLAWS & TEE? & ?AT IF Y\ CANNOT /RANGLE HIM HE WILL DEV\R Y\8 

,IF ! REACTION C\NTS ON ! PRUD5CE ( ! C\NTRY1 & WAITS = ! ELECTIONS ( #a#h#e#b1 IT IS LO/4 ,UPON ?IS PO9T ALMO/ EV]YBODY IS AGRE$1 BO? 9 ! ,GOV]NM5T & AMONG ! PEOPLE1 :E!R REPUBLICANS OR CONS]VATIVES4 

,IF IT LIMITS ITSELF TO PROROGU+ ! P[]S ( ! ,PRESID5T1 IT IS LO/4 

,IF1 AFT] HAV+ PROROGU$ ! P[]S ( ! ,ASSEMBLY BY ! SAME DECREE1 IT ALL[S ! LAW ( ! #c#a/ ( ,MAY TO /&1 IT IS LO/4 

,IF IT P]MITS ! HUNDR$ ?\S& MO/ ACTIVE REPUBLICAN SOCIALI/S TO REMA9 9 ! C\NTRY1 IT IS LO/4 

,IF IT ALL[S ! PRES5T NUM]ICAL WEAKNESS ( ! >MY1 & ITS PRES5T MODE ( RECRUIT+ TO /&1 IT IS LO/4 

,IF1 AFT] HAV+ RE/OR$ ! MILIT>Y CA/E1 IT FAILS TO RECON/RUCT 9DU/RY & COMM]CE ON FEUDAL PR9CIPLES1 IT IS LO/4 

,IF IT DOES NOT REE/ABLI% L>GE PROP]TIES & ! RI<T ( PRIMOG5ITURE1 IT IS LO/4 

,IF IT DOES NOT COMPLETELY RE=M ! SY/EM ( 9/RUCTION & ( PUBLIC $UCATION1 IF IT DOES NOT EFFACE ! V]Y MEMORY ( PA/ 9SURRECTIONS FROM ! M9DS ( ! PEOPLE1 IT IS LO/4 

,IF IT DOES NOT D\BLE ! TAXES1 & SUCCE$ 9 COLLECT+ !M1 TO COV] ! EXP5SES ( SU* GREAT UND]TAK+S1 IT IS LO/4 

,>E Y\ ABLE TO ATTEMPT EV5 ! FIR/ ( !SE 9DISP5SABLE MEASURES1 FROM :I* A S+LE OMISSION WILL PLUNGE Y\ 9TO ! ABYSS8 ,DO Y\ D>E TO PROCLAIM TO ! PEOPLE ?IS UNCON/ITUTIONAL RESOLUTION3 ,! P[]S ( ,L\IS ,BONAP>TE HAVE BE5 PROROGU$8 

,NO1 Y\ CAN DO NO?+1 Y\ CAN D>E NO?+1 ROYALI/S1 IMP]IALI/S1 BANCOCRATS1 ,MAL?USIANS1 ,JESUITS1 :O HAVE US$ & ABUS$ =CE AGA9/ IDEAS4 ,Y\ HAVE WA/$ TIME & LO/ Y\R REPUTATION1 )\T ADVANTAGE = Y\R SAFETY4 

,PROROGUE OR NOT2 REVISE EV]Y?+ OR REVISE NO?+2 SUMMON ,*AMBORD & ,JO9VILLE1 OR COME OV] TO ! ,REPUBLIC2 ALL ?AT SIGNIFIES NO?+4 ,Y\ WILL HOLD A ,NATIONAL ,CONV5TION1 IF NOT 9 #a#h#e#b1 !N 9 #a#h#e#f4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y IDEA IS TRIUMPH+2 9 ORD] TO COMBAT IT Y\ HAVE NO REC\RSE BUT TO REPUBLICAN LAW1 :I* Y\ HAVE NOT CEAS$ = ?REE YE>S TO VIOLATE4 ,Y\R ONLY REFUGE IS 9 ?AT MAKE-BELIEVE REPUBLIC1 :I* 9 #ahdh WAS =C$ TO BE HONE/ & MOD]ATE1 AS IF HONE/Y & MOD]ATION C\LD EXI/ :]E PR9CIPLE WAS LACK+--?AT REPUBLIC :OSE IGNOM9I\S NAK$NESS Y\ >E N[ EXHIBIT+ TO ! WORLD4 ,DO Y\ NOT SEE H]1 CALL+ TO Y\ & /RET*+ \T H] H&S TO Y\1 SOMETIMES UND] ! APPE>ANCE ( ! MO/ PACIFIC S5TIM5TS1 SOMETIMES UND] ! MASK ( ! MO/ 9FLAT$ ORATIONS4 ,GO !N1 TO ?IS REPUBLIC--?IS CON/ITUTIONAL1 P>LIAM5T>Y1 GOV]NM5TAL REPUBLIC1 /EEP$ 9 ,JACOB9ISM & 9 RELIGION1 :I* IS NONE ! LESS RUL$ BY ! =MULA ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 :E!R IT 9VOKES ! NAME ( ,SIEYES1 OR APPEALS TO ?AT ( ,ROBESPI]RE4 ,AFT] Y\ HAVE EXHAU/$ VIOL5CE1 TRICK]Y REMA9S TO Y\3 9 ?AT ALSO WE >E READY TO MEET Y\4 

,BUT TO ! REPUBLICANS ( ,FEBRU>Y ,I SAY1--TO ?AT P>TY :I*1 )\T DI/+UI%+ %ADES ( OP9ION1 ! ,REVOLUTION MAY REPROA* = SOME ]RORS1 BUT NOT = CRIME3 

,IT WAS Y\ :O GAVE ! SIGNAL = REACTION 9 #a#h#d#h1 BY Y\R AMBITI\S RIVALRIES1 BY Y\R R\T9E POLITICS1 BY Y\R RETROSPECTIVE FANCIES1 ALMO/ AT ! SAME MOM5T ?AT Y\ PROPOS$ ! REVOLUTION>Y QUE/ION1 UNKN[N TO Y\RSELVES4 

,Y\ SEE :AT ! REACTION HAS DONE4 

,BE=E ! BATTLE ( ,JUNE1 ! ,REVOLUTION WAS H>DLY AW>E ( ITSELF2 IT WAS BUT A VAGUE ASPIRATION AMONG ! WORK+ CLASSES T[>D A LESS UNHAPPY CONDITION4 ,SU* COMPLA9TS HAVE BE5 HE>D AT EV]Y P]IOD2 IF IT WAS A MI/AKE TO DESPISE !M1 IT WAS UNNECESS>Y TO FE> !M4 

,?ANKS TO ! P]SECUTION :I* IT HAS SUFF]$1 ! ,REVOLUTION ( TODAY IS FULLY CONSCI\S ( ITSELF4 ,IT CAN TELL ITS PURPOSE3 IT IS 9 ! WAY TO DEF9E ITSELF1 TO EXPLA9 ITSELF4 ,IT KN[S ITS PR9CIPLES1 ITS MEANS1 ITS AIM2 IT POSSESSES ITS ME?OD & ITS CRIT]ION4 ,9 ORD] TO UND]/& ITSELF1 IT HAS NE$$ ONLY TO FOLL[ ! CONNECTION ( IDEAS ( ITS DIFF]5T ADV]S>IES4 ,AT ?IS MOM5T IT IS DISC>D+ ! ]RONE\S DOCTR9ES :I* OBSCUR$ IT3 FREE & BRILLIANT1 Y\ >E AB\T TO SEE IT TAKE POSSESSION ( ! MASSES1 & DRIVE !M T[>D ! FUTURE ) IRRESI/IBLE 9SPIRATION4 

,! ,REVOLUTION1 AT ! PO9T AT :I* WE HAVE >RIV$1 IS COMPLET$ 9 ?\<T1 & NE$S ONLY TO BE PUT 9TO EXECUTION4 ,IT IS TOO LATE TO GIVE V5T TO ! M9E3 IF ! P[] :I* HAS COME BACK 9TO Y\R H&S %\LD *ANGE ITS POLICY T[>D ! ,REVOLUTION1 IT W\LD OBTA9 NO RESULT1 UNLESS IT *ANG$ ITS PR9CIPLES AT ! SAME TIME4 ,! ,REVOLUTION1 ,I HAVE JU/ TOLD Y\1 HAS GR[N ITS TEE?3 ! ,REACTION HAS BE5 ONLY A FIT ( TEE?+ SICKNESS = IT4 ,IT MU/ HAVE SOLID FOOD3 A FEW FRAGM5TS ( LIB]TY1 A FEW CONCESSIONS TO ! 9T]E/S :I* IT REPRES5TS1 WILL ONLY S]VE TO 9CREASE ITS HUNG]4 ,! ,REVOLUTION MEANS TO EXI/1 & TO EXI/1 = IT1 IS TO REIGN4 

,>E Y\ WILL+ !N TO S]VE ?IS GREAT CAUSE2 TO DEVOTE Y\RSELVES1 HE>T & S\L1 TO ! ,REVOLUTION8 

,Y\ MAY1 = !RE IS /ILL TIME1 AGA9 BECOME ! *IEFS & REGULATORS ( ! MOVEM5T1 SAVE Y\R C\NTRY FROM A S]I\S CRISIS1 EMANCIPATE ! L[] CLASSES )\T TURMOIL1 MAKE Y\RSELVES ! >BIT]S ( ,EUROPE1 DECIDE ! DE/9Y ( CIVILIZATION & ( HUMANITY4 

,I KN[ WELL ?AT SU* IS Y\R F]V5T DESIRE2 BUT ,I DO NOT SPEAK ( DESIRE1 ,I WANT ACTS--PL$GES4 

,PL$GES = ! ,REVOLUTION1 NOT H>ANGUES2 PLANS = ECONOMIC RECON/RUCTION1 NOT GOV]NM5TAL !ORIES3 ?AT IS :AT ! L[] CLASSES WANT & EXPECT FROM Y\4 ,GOV]NM5T6 ,AH6 WE %ALL /ILL HAVE 5\< ( IT1 & TO SP>E4 ,KN[ WELL ?AT !RE IS NO?+ MORE C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ?AN ! ,GOV]NM5T4 ,:ATEV] LIB]ALISM IT PRET5DS1 :ATEV] NAME IT ASSUMES1 ! ,REVOLUTION REPUDIATES IT3 ITS FATE IS TO BE ABSORB$ 9 ! 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION4 

,SPEAK !N1 = ONCE1 /RAI<T=W>DLY1 ,JACOB9S1 ,GIRONDI/S1 ,M\NTA9I/S1 ,T]RORI/S1 ,9DULG5TS1 :O HAVE ALL DES]V$ EQUAL BLAME1 & ALL NE$ EQUAL P>DON4 ,=TUNE AGA9 FAVOR+ Y\1 :I* C\RSE WILL Y\ FOLL[8 ,! QUE/ION IS NOT :AT Y\ W\LD HAVE DONE 9 A =M] EXIG5CY3 ! QUE/ION IS :AT Y\ >E GO+ TO DO N[1 :5 ! CONDITIONS >E NO LONG] ! SAME4 

,WILL Y\ SUPPORT ! ,REVOLUTION--YES OR NO8 

,FROM 3 FAIR-USE4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahe 3 ,/UDY #a -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bag 3 ,/UDY #a -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/