,/UDY #f 
,ORGANIZATION ( ,ECONOMIC ,=CES 

#aheaahea 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON 

,TEXT 3 

,R\SSEAU SAID TRULY3 ,NO ONE %\LD OBEY A LAW TO :I* HE HAS NOT CONS5T$2 & ,M4 ,RITT+HAUS5 TOO WAS RI<T :5 HE PROV$ ?AT 9 CONSEQU5CE ! LAW %\LD EMANATE DIRECTLY FROM ! SOV]EIGN1 )\T ! 9T]M$I>Y ( REPRES5TATIVES4 

,BUT IT WAS 9 ! APPLICATION ?AT BO? !SE WRIT]S FAIL$4 ,) SUFFRAGE1 OR ! UNIV]SAL VOTE1 IT IS EVID5T ?AT ! LAW IS NEI!R DIRECT NOR P]SONAL1 ANY MORE ?AN COLLECTIVE4 ,! LAW ( ! MAJORITY IS NOT MY LAW1 IT IS ! LAW ( =CE2 H5CE ! GOV]NM5T BAS$ UPON IT IS NOT MY GOV]NM5T2 IT IS GOV]NM5T BY =CE4 

,?AT ,I MAY REMA9 FREE2 ?AT ,I MAY NOT HAVE TO SUBMIT TO ANY LAW BUT MY [N1 & ?AT ,I MAY GOV]N MYSELF1 ! AU?ORITY ( ! SUFFRAGE MU/ BE R5\NC$3 WE MU/ GIVE UP ! VOTE1 AS WELL AS REPRES5TATION & MON>*Y4 ,9 A WORD1 EV]Y?+ 9 ! GOV]NM5T ( SOCIETY :I* RE/S ON ! DIV9E MU/ BE SUPPRESS$1 & ! :OLE REBUILT UPON ! HUMAN IDEA ( CONTRACT4 

,:5 ,I AGREE ) ONE OR MORE ( MY FELL[ CITIZ5S = ANY OBJECT :ATEV]1 IT IS CLE> ?AT MY [N WILL IS MY LAW2 IT IS ,I MYSELF1 :O1 9 FULFILL+ MY OBLIGATION1 AM MY [N GOV]NM5T4 

,!RE=E IF ,I C\LD MAKE A CONTRACT ) ALL1 AS ,I CAN ) SOME2 IF ALL C\LD R5EW IT AMONG !MSELVES1 IF EA* GR\P ( CITIZ5S1 AS A T[N1 C\NTY1 PROV9CE1 CORPORATION1 COMPANY1 @&C41 =M$ BY A LIKE CONTRACT1 & CONSID]$ AS A MORAL P]SON1 C\LD !REAFT]1 & ALWAYS BY A SIMIL> CONTRACT1 AGREE ) EV]Y & ALL O!R GR\PS1 IT W\LD BE ! SAME AS IF MY [N WILL W]E MULTIPLI$ TO 9F9ITY4 ,I %\LD BE SURE ?AT ! LAW ?US MADE ON ALL QUE/IONS 9 ! ,REPUBLIC1 FROM MILLIONS ( DIFF]5T 9ITIATIVES1 W\LD NEV] BE ANY?+ BUT MY LAW2 & IF ?IS NEW ORD] ( ?+S W]E CALL$ GOV]NM5T1 IT W\LD BE MY GOV]NM5T4 

,?US ! PR9CIPLE ( CONTRACT1 F> MORE ?AN ?AT ( AU?ORITY1 W\LD BR+ AB\T ! UNION ( PRODUC]S1 C5TRALIZE !IR =CES1 & ASSURE ! UNITY & SOLID>ITY ( !IR 9T]E/S4 

,! SY/EM ( CONTRACTS1 SUB/ITUT$ = ! SY/EM ( LAWS1 W\LD CON/ITUTE ! TRUE GOV]NM5T ( ! MAN & ( ! CITIZ52 ! TRUE SOV]EIGNTY ( ! PEOPLE1 ! REPUBLIC4 

,= ! CONTRACT IS ,LIB]TY1 ! FIR/ T]M ( ! REPUBLICAN MOTTO3 WE HAVE DEMON/RAT$ ?IS SUP]ABUNDANTLY 9 \R /UDIES ON ! PR9CIPLE ( AU?ORITY & ON SOCIAL LIQUIDATION4 ,I AM NOT FREE :5 ,I DEP5D UPON ANO!R = MY WORK1 MY WAGES1 OR ! MEASURE ( MY RI<TS & DUTIES2 :E!R ?AT O!R BE CALL$ ! ,MAJORITY OR ,SOCIETY4 ,NO MORE AM ,I FREE1 EI!R 9 MY SOV]EIGNTY OR 9 MY ACTION1 :5 ,I AM COMPELL$ BY ANO!R TO REVISE MY LAW1 W]E ?AT O!R ! MO/ SKILLFUL & MO/ JU/ ( >BIT]S4 ,I AM NO MORE AT ALL FREE :5 ,I AM =C$ TO GIVE MYSELF A REPRES5TATIVE TO GOV]N ME1 EV5 IF HE W]E MY MO/ DEVOT$ S]VANT4 

,! ,CONTRACT IS ,EQUALITY1 9 ITS PR(\ND & SPIRITUAL ESS5CE4--,DOES ?IS MAN BELIEVE HIMSELF MY EQUAL2 DOES HE NOT TAKE ! ATTITUDE ( MY MA/] & EXPLOIT]1 :O DEM&S FROM ME MORE ?AN IT SUITS ME TO FURNI%1 & HAS NO 9T5TION ( RETURN+ IT TO ME2 :O SAYS ?AT ,I AM 9CAPABLE ( MAK+ MY [N LAW1 & EXPECTS ME TO SUBMIT TO HIS8 

,! CONTRACT IS ,FRAT]NITY1 BECAUSE IT ID5TIFIES ALL 9T]E/S1 UNIFIES ALL DIV]G5CES1 RESOLVES ALL CONTRADICTIONS1 & 9 CONSEQU5CE1 GIVE W+S TO ! FEEL+S ( GOODWILL & K9DNESS1 :I* >E CRU%$ BY ECONOMIC *AOS1 ! GOV]NM5T ( REPRES5TATIVES1 ALI5 LAW4 

,! CONTRACT1 F9ALLY1 IS ORD]1 S9CE IT IS ! ORGANIZATION ( ECONOMIC =CES1 9/EAD ( ! ALI5ATION ( LIB]TIES1 ! SACRIFICE ( RI<TS1 ! SUBORD9ATION ( WILLS4 

,LET US GIVE AN IDEA ( ?IS ORGANISM2 AFT] LIQUIDATION1 RECON/RUCTION2 AFT] ! !SIS & ANTI!SIS1 ! SYN!SIS4 

#a4 ,CR$IT4 

,! ORGANIZATION ( CR$IT IS ?REE-QU>T]S DONE BY ! W9D+ UP ( ! PRIVILEG$ & USURI\S BANKS1 & !IR CONV]SION 9TO A ,NATIONAL ,BANK ( CIRCULATION & LOAN1 AT  #a_/#b 1  #a_/#d 1 OR  #a_/#h  P]C5T4 ,IT REMA9S ONLY TO E/ABLI% BRAN*ES ( ! ,BANK1 :]EV] NECESS>Y1 & TO GRADUALLY RETIRE SPECIE FROM CIRCULATION1 DEPRIV+ GOLD & SILV] ( !IR PRIVILEGE AS MONEY4 

,AS = P]SONAL CR$IT1 IT IS NOT = ! ,NATIONAL ,BANK TO HAVE TO DO ) IT2 IT IS ) ! WORK+M5'S UNIONS1 & ! F>M+ & 9DU/RIAL SOCIETIES1 ?AT P]SONAL CR$IT %\LD BE EX]CIS$4 

#b4 ,PROP]TY4 

,I HAVE %[N ABOVE H[ PROP]TY1 REPUR*AS$ BY ! H\SE R5T OR GR\ND R5T1 W\LD COME BACK TO ! T5ANT F>M] & H\SE T5ANT4 ,IT REMA9S = ME TO %[1 ESPECIALLY 9 RELATION TO PROP]TY 9 L&1 ! ORGANIZ+ P[] ( ! PR9CIPLE :I* WE HAVE 9VOK$ TO BR+ AB\T ?IS CONV]SION4 

,ALL ! ,SOCIALI/S1 ,SA9T ,SIMON1 ,F\RI]1 ,[51 ,CABET1 ,L\IS ,BLANC1 ! ,*>TI/S1 HAVE CONCEIV$ AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION 9 TWO WAYS4 

,EI!R ! LABOR] IS SIMPLY A WORKMAN ASSOCIATE ( A GREAT F>M+ ASSOCIATION1 CALL$ ! ,COMMUNE1 OR ! ,PHALAN/]Y2 

,OR EA* CULTIVATOR BECOMES A T5ANT ( ! ,/ATE1 :I* IS ! ONLY PROPRIETOR1 ! ONLY L&LORD2 ALL L& HAV+ BE5 TAK5 BY IT4 ,9 ?IS CASE1 ! GR\ND R5T BECOMES P>T ( ! TAXES1 & MAY REPLACE !M 5TIRELY4 

,! FIR/ ( !SE TWO SY/EMS IS GOV]NM5TAL & ,COMMUNI/ AT ! SAME TIME3 ?R\< ?IS D\BLE PR9CIPLE IT HAS NO *ANCE ( SUCCESS4 ,IT IS A UTOPIAN CONCEPTION /ILL-BORN4 ,! ,PHALAN/]IANS WILL TALK = A GOOD :ILE YET ( !IR MODEL COMMUNITY3 ! ,COMMUNI/S >E NOT READY TO GIVE UP !IR RURAL FRAT]NITY4 ,!Y MAY HAVE ?IS CONSOLATION4 ,IF ! IDEA ( A F>M+ ASSOCIATION OR ( CULTIVATION BY ! GOV]NM5T W]E EV] BR\<T =W>D AS A S]I\S PROPOSAL DUR+ ! ,REVOLUTION1 SUPPOS+ ?AT A GOV]NM5T C\LD /ILL EXI/ 9 A REVOLUTION DIRECT$ *IEFLY AGA9/ ITSELF1 ! *ANCES ( 9SURRECTION W\LD BE LAID BE=E ! PEASANT4 ,!RE W\LD BE ! M5ACE ( TYRANNY = HIM1 EV5 FROM ?OSE :O CALL$ !MSELVES ,SOCIALI/S4 

,! SECOND SY/EM SEEMS MORE LIB]AL3 IT LEAVES ! CULTIVATOR HIS [N MA/] 9 HIS WORK1 SUBJECTS HIM TO NO ORD]S1 IMPOSES UPON HIM NO RULES4 ,9 COMP>ISON ) ! PRES5T LOT ( F>M]S1 IT IS PROBABLE ?AT1 ) ! GREAT] L5G? ( LEASES & MOD]ATION ( R5TS1 ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ?IS SY/EM W\LD 5C\NT] LITTLE OPPOSITION 9 ! C\NTRY4 ,I ADMIT1 = MY P>T1 ?AT ,I HESITAT$ = A LONG TIME OV] ?IS IDEA1 :I* GRANTS SOME LIB]TY1 & :I* ,I C\LD REPROA* ) NO 9JU/ICE4 

,NEV]!LESS ,I HAVE NEV] BE5 COMPLETELY SATISFI$ ) IT4 ,I F9D 9 IT ALWAYS A *>ACT] ( GOV]NM5TAL AUTOCRACY :I* IS DISAGREEABLE TO ME3 ,I SEE 9 IT A B>RI] TO LIB]TY ( TRANSACTIONS & ( 9H]ITANCES2 ! FREE DISPOSITION ( ! SOIL TAK5 AWAY FROM HIM :O CULTIVATES IT2 & ?IS PRECI\S SOV]EIGNTY1 ?IS EM95T DOMA91 AS ! LAWY]S SAY1 =BIDD5 TO ! CITIZ51 & RES]V$ = ?AT FICTITI\S BE+1 )\T 9TELLIG5CE1 )\T PASSION1 )\T MORALITY1 ?AT WE CALL ! ,/ATE4 ,BY ?IS >RANGEM5T1 ! OCCUPANT HAS LESS TO DO ) ! SOIL ?AN BE=E2 ! CLOD ( E>? SEEMS TO /& UP & SAY TO HIM3 ,Y\ >E ONLY A SLAVE ( ! TAXES2 ,I DO NOT KN[ Y\6 

,BUT :Y %\LD ! RURAL LABOR]1 ! MO/ ANCI5T1 ! MO/ NOBLE ( ALL1 BE ?US DISCR[N$8 ,! PEASANT LOVES ! L& ) A LOVE )\T LIMIT2 AS ,MI*ELET POETICALLY SAYS3 HE DOES NOT WANT A T5ANCY1 A CONCUB9AGE2 HE WANTS A M>RIAGE4 

,IT IS ASS]T$ ?AT MANK9D1 AS A RACE1 HAS AN ANT]IOR1 IMP]SCRIPTIBLE1 9ALI5ABLE RI<T TO ! SOIL4 ,IT IS !NCE D$UC$1 AS BY ! ,PHYSIOCRATS =M]LY1 ?AT ! ,CITY OR ! ,C\NTRY %\LD %>E 9 ! ECONOMIC R5T4 ,IT IS SAID ?AT ?IS ECONOMIC R5T %\LD BE TAK5 9 TAXES4 ,& FROM ALL ?IS RESULTS ! 5FE(FM5T ( ! L& BY P]PETUAL1 UN*ANGEABLE T5ANCY2 &1 :AT IS MORE S]I\S1 ! NON-CIRCULATION1 ! IMMOBILITY1 ( A :OLE CLASS ( CAPITAL1 ! L>GE/ 9 VOLUME1 & ! MO/ VALUABLE1 ?R\< ITS SECURITY4 

,?IS DOCTR9E APPE>S TO ME FATAL2 OPPOS$ TO ALL ! TEA*+S ( SCI5CE1 & ( DANG]\S T5ANCY4 

,:AT IS CALL$ ECONOMIC R5T 9 AGRICULTURE HAS NO O!R CAUSE ?AN ! 9EQUALITY 9 ! QUALITY ( ! L&3 )\T ?IS 9EQUALITY !RE W\LD BE NO ECONOMIC R5T1 S9CE !RE W\LD BE NO MEANS ( COMP>ISON4 ,!RE=E IF ANYBODY HAS A CLAIM ON ACC\NT ( ?IS 9EQUALITY1 IT IS NOT ! ,/ATE1 BUT ! O!R L& WORK]S :O HOLD 9F]IOR L&4 ,?AT IS :Y 9 \R S*EME = LIQUIDATION WE /IPULAT$ ?AT EV]Y V>IETY ( CULTIVATION %\LD PAY A PROPORTIONAL CONTRIBUTION1 DE/9$ TO ACCOMPLI% A BALANC+ ( RETURNS AMONG F>M WORK]S1 & AN ASSURANCE ( PRODUCTS4 

,! 9DU/RIAL OCCUPATIONS1 9 FAVOR ( :I* ! GR\ND R5T SEEMS TO BE RES]V$1 HAVE NO MORE RI<T TO IT ?AN ! ,/ATE1 = ! REASON ?AT !Y DO NOT EXI/ AP>T FROM AGRICULTURAL WORK & 9DEP5D5TLY ( IT3 !Y >E A SUBDIVISION ( IT4 ,! F>M WORK] CULTIVATES & H>VE/S = ALL3 ! >TISAN1 ! M]*ANT1 ! MANUFACTUR]1 WORK = ! F>M WORK]4 ,AS SOON AS ! DEAL] HAS RECEIV$ ! PRICE ( HIS M]*&ISE1 HE IS PAID HIS %>E ( ! ECONOMIC R5T1 AS WELL AS ( ! GROSS PRODUCT ( ! SOIL2 HIS ACC\NT IS SETTL$4 ,TO MAKE ! F>M WORK] ONLY PAY ! TAXES1 UND] ! PRETEXT ?AT !Y >E ECONOMIC R5T1 W\LD BE TO EXEMPT O!R 9DU/RIES FROM TAXATION1 TO !IR PR(IT1 & TO P]MIT !M TO RECEIVE ! :OLE ( ! R5T1 )\T RECIPROCITY ON !IR P>T4 

,AS = ! DRAWBACKS 9 NON-CIRCULATION ( REAL E/ATE1 ,I %ALL %[ H[ S]I\S !Y >E BE=E LONG4 

,F9ALLY1 ?IS UNIV]SAL1 ABSOLUTE1 IRREVOCABLE F>M T5ANTRY1 SO OPPOS$ TO ! CLE>E/ HOPES ( ! TIMES1 SEEMS TO ME1 9 ! PRES5T JUNCTURE1 SUPREMELY IMPOLITIC4 ,! PEOPLE1 EV5 ?OSE :O >E ,SOCIALI/S1 :ATEV] !Y MAY SAY1 WANT TO BE [N]S2 &1 IF ,I MAY (F] MYSELF AS A WITNESS1 ,I CAN SAY ?AT1 AFT] T5 YE>S ( C>EFUL EXAM9ATION1 ,I F9D ! FEEL+S ( ! MASSES ON ?IS PO9T /RONG] & MORE RESI/ANT ?AN ON ANY O!R QUE/ION4 ,I HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 %AK+ !IR OP9IONS1 BUT HAVE MADE NO IMPRESSION ON !IR S5TIM5TS4 ,& ONE ?+ IS TO BE NOT$ :I* %[S H[ F>1 9 ! M9DS ( ! PEOPLE1 9DIVIDUAL SOV]EIGNTY IS ID5TIFI$ ) COLLECTIVE SOV]EIGNTY1 ?AT ! MORE GR\ND ! PR9CIPLES ( DEMOCRACY HAVE GA9$1 ! MORE ,I HAVE SE5 ! WORK+ CLASSES1 BO? 9 ! CITY & C\NTRY1 9T]PRET !SE PR9CIPLES FAVORABLY TO 9DIVIDUAL [N]%IP4 

,!RE=E :ILE MA9TA9+ MY CRITICISM1 UPON ! AIM ( :I* NO ONE CAN H]EAFT] MISUND]/& ME1 ,I HAVE BE5 OBLIG$ TO CONCLUDE ?AT ! HYPO!SIS ( G5]AL F>M T5ANCY DID NOT CONTA9 ! SOLUTION ?AT ,I S\<T2 & ?AT1 AFT] HAV+ SETTL$ = ! L&1 IT W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO S]I\SLY CONSID] REASSIGN+ IT 9 FULL SOV]EIGNTY TO ! WORK]1 BECAUSE1 )\T ?AT1 NEI!R HIS PRIDE AS A CITIZ5 NOR HIS RI<TS AS A PRODUC] C\LD BE SATISFI$4 

,?IS IMPORTANT SOLUTION1 )\T :I* NO?+ /ABLE CAN BE PRODUC$ 9 SOCIETY1 ,I BELIEVE ,I HAVE F\ND2 &1 AS ALWAYS1 AS MU* MORE SIMPLE1 MORE PRACTICAL1 & MORE FRUITFUL1 AS IT WAS NE>] AT H&3 IT IS NONE O!R ?AN ! PR9CIPLE :I* HAS S]V$ US = LIQUIDATION1 TRANS=M$ 9TO ! PR9CIPLE ( ACQUISITION4 

,EV]Y PAYM5T ( H\SE R5T OR F>M R5T1 WE HAVE SAID1 ACQUIRES = ! H\SE T5ANT1 F>M] OR PEASANT A PROPORTIONAL %>E 9 [N]%IP4 

,MAKE ( ?IS IDEA1 APP>5TLY QUITE NEGATIVE1 & :I* AT FIR/ SEEM$ A M]E FANCY1 = ! NE$ ( ! CAUSE--MAKE ( IT A POSITIVE1 G5]AL1 FIX$ RULE1 & PROP]TY BECOMES CON/ITUT$4 ,IT WILL RECEIVE ITS ORGANIZATION1 ITS RULES1 ITS POLICE1 ITS SANCTION4 ,IT WILL HAVE FULFILL$ ! ,IDEA B5EA? IT1 ITS *>T] = ALL & ACCEPT$ BY ALL1 9 A S+LE CLAUSE2 :5CE ALL ! RE/ IS D$UCIBLE BY ! LI<T ( COMMON S5SE4 

,) ?IS SIMPLE CONTRACT1 PROTECT$1 CONSOLIDAT$ & GU>ANTE$ BY ! COMM]CIAL & AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION1 Y\ MAY1 )\T ! SLI<TE/ APPREH5SION1 P]MIT ! PROPRIETOR TO SELL1 TRANSMIT1 ALI5ATE1 CIRCULATE1 HIS PROP]TY AT WILL4 ,PROP]TY 9 L&1 UND] ?IS NEW SY/EM1 PROP]TY DEPRIV$ ( R5T1 DELIV]$ FROM ITS *A9S & CUR$ ( ITS LEPROSY1 IS 9 ! H&S ( ! PROPRIETOR LIKE A FIVE FRANC PIECE OR A BANK NOTE 9 ! H&S ( ! BE>]4 ,IT IS WOR? SO MU*1 NEI!R MORE NOR LESS1 IT CAN NEI!R GA9 NOR LOSE 9 VALUE BY *ANG+ H&S2 IT IS NO LONG] SUBJECT TO DEPRECIATION2 ABOVE ALL1 IT HAS LO/ ?AT FATAL P[] ( ACCUMULATION :I* IT HAD1 NOT 9 ITSELF1 BUT ?R\< ! ANCI5T PREJUDICE 9 FAVOR ( CA/E & NOBILITY :I* ATTA*$ TO IT4 

,?US FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( EQUALITY ( CONDITIONS1 ( ! GU>ANTEE ( LABOR & ( PUBLIC SECURITY1 PROP]TY 9 L& CANNOT CAUSE ! SLI<TE/ P]TURBATION TO SOCIAL ECONOMY3 IT HAS LO/ ITS VICI\S *>ACT]2 !RE REMA9 TO BE SE5 ! GOOD QUALITIES :I* IT MU/ HAVE ACQUIR$4 ,IT IS TO ?IS ?AT ,I CALL ! ATT5TION ( MY READ]S1 NOTABLY ( ! ,COMMUNI/1 :OM ,I BEG TO WEI< WELL ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ASSOCIATION1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 GOV]NM5T1 & CONTRACT4 

,IF L&$ PROP]TY %\LD COME BACK TO ! ,/ATE1 AS SOME PROPOSE1 & %\LD CONSEQU5TLY BECOME FIX$ 9 ! H&S ( ! ,/ATE1 LEAV+ ! CULTIVATORS EI!R ASSOCIAT$ OR T5ANT F>M]S1 IT W\LD COME AB\T ?AT PROP]TY W\LD DISAPPE>1 NOT M]ELY AS A RI<T1 AS A LEGAL PR9CIPLE1 BUT AS A VALUE4 

,SUPPOSE ?AT1 AS ?+S >E1 ! ,GOV]NM5T %\LD ORD] A COMPLETE 9V5TORY ( ALL ! WEAL? ( ! C\NTRY1 BO? P]SONAL & REAL4 ,AFT] HAV+ TAK5 9TO ACC\NT ! MONEY1 ! M]*&ISE 9 /ORE1 ! /&+ CROPS1 FURNITURE1 TOOLS1 H\SES & %OPS1 !RE W\LD BE ADD$ ! L&1 :AT IS COMMONLY CALL$ PROP]TY4 ,& WE W\LD SAY3 ,! L& IS WOR? #af BILLION DOLL>S1 :I*1 ADD$ TO #a BILLIONS ( PRODUCTS1 M]*&ISE1 @&C41 MAKES A TOTAL ( #bf BILLIONS4 

,) ! SY/EM ( UNIV]SAL T5ANT%IP1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 !SE #af BILLIONS ( VALUE 9 L& W\LD HAVE TO BE 5TIRELY CUT (F FROM ! 9V5TORY2 S9CE1 BE+ NEI!R SOLD NOR EX*ANG$1 5T]+ 9TO COMP>ISON ) NO O!R VALUE1 BELONG+ TO EV]YBODY1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 TO NOBODY1 !Y C\LD NOT1 UND] ANY CLASSIFICATION1 ANY MORE ?AN ! AIR & ! SUNLI<T1 5T] 9TO ! WEAL? ( ! NATION4 

,IT WILL P]HAPS BE SAID ?AT ?IS IS ONLY A BOOKKEEP]'S >TIFICE2 ?AT IT DOES NOT AFFECT ! REAL WEAL? ( ! C\NTRY1 ! POSITIVE PROSP]ITY ( ! PEOPLE4 ,A MI/AKE3 ! PEOPLE HAVE LO/ #af BILLIONS1 BECAUSE !Y HAVE LO/ ! RI<T TO DISPOSE ( IT4 ,9 FACT1 ACCORD+ TO ! DECL>ATION ( '#i#c1 PROP]TY IS ! P[] ( FREE DISPOSITION4 ,PROP]TY1 OR ! P[] ( FREE DISPOSITION1 9 A MAN1 IS PRECISELY :AT WE CALL VALUE 9 A ?+2 SO ?AT HE :O LOSES EI!R ONE1 LOSES BO?3 ?IS IS ACCORD+ TO ! USUAL PRACTICE4 ,FOLL[ ?IS ?READ C>EFULLY4 

,ACCORD+ TO ! ,CON/ITUTION ( #a#h#d#h1 :I* 9 ITS TURN CONFIRM$ ! RI<T ( PROP]TY1 D]IV+ IT FROM LABOR1 HE :O CLE>S A FIELD1 5CLOSES IT1 TILLS IT1 5RI*ES IT1 BURIES 9 IT HIS SWEAT1 HIS BLOOD1 HIS S\L1 HAS NOT ONLY ! RI<T TO ! CROP1 :I* IS HIS ALREADY2 HE HAS E>N$ 9 ADDITION A FIELD1 A VALUE1 :I* CON/ITUTES = HIM AN ADDITIONAL REW>D1 :I* HE C\NTS AMONG HIS POSSESSIONS1 & CALLS HIS PROP]TY4 ,?IS PROP]TY HE CAN EX*ANGE OR SELL1 & OBTA9 = IT A PRICE1 ACCORD+ TO ITS IMPORTANCE1 ON :I* HE MAY LIVE1 )\T LABOR1 = SEV]AL YE>S4 

,CORRESPOND+ ) ?IS PRACTICE1 CONSECRAT$ BY ALL \R CON/ITUTIONS1 WE HAVE LAID D[N A SIMIL> RULE 9 ! AU?ORITY GRANT$ TO \R ,L& ,BANK3 ,EV]Y PAYM5T ( H\SE R5T OR F>M R5T ACQUIRES = ! T5ANT A PROPORTIONAL P>T ( ! PROP]TY4 

,SUPPOSE !N ?AT ! F>M]1 PR(IT+ BY ! ADVANTAGE CONF]R$ UPON HIM BY ! REVOLUTION1 HAS ACQUIR$ BY TW5TY YE>S ( R5T PAYM5TS A PROP]TY WOR? @s#d1 DO Y\ ?9K ?AT HE W\LD F9D IT ! SAME ?+ TO BE ABLE TO SAY1 UND] A ,COMMUNI/IC GOV]NM5TAL SY/EM3 ,! ,REVOLUTION GIVES ME A LONG] LEASE & L[] R5T1 IT IS TRUE4 ,BUT IT P]MITS ME TO ACQUIRE NO?+4 ,I %ALL NEV] [N ?IS L&3 NAK$ ,I CAME TO IT1 & NAK$ ,I %ALL LEAVE IT4 ,& AS MY TRADE IS TO HOE ! SOIL1 & ,I CANNOT DO ANY?+ ELSE1 MY CONDITION IS 9CAPABLE ( *ANGE2 H]E ,I AM FIX$ = LIFE & = ! LIFE ( MY *ILDR51 ATTA*$ TO ! SOIL4 ,?US HAVE \R RUL]S WILL$1 \R RUL]S1 :OM WE HAVE *OS5 TO MAKE LAWS = US1 :O REPRES5T & GOV]N US4 

,OR UND] ! SAME ( RECIPROCAL CONTRACT3 

,! ,REVOLUTION HAS FRE$ ME FROM R5T4 ,EA* YE> ?AT ,I PAY R5T PUR*ASES A P>T ( ?IS F>M = ME2 9 TW5TY YE>S ! PROP]TY WILL BE M9E4 ,9 TW5TY YE>S1 ,I1 :O HAVE NO?+1 ,I1 :O NEV] EXPECT$ TO HAVE ANY?+1 ,I1 :O W\LD HAVE DI$ )\T LEAV+ MY *ILDR5 ANY?+ BUT ! MEMORY ( MY WE>9ESS & MY RESIGNATION1 9 TW5TY YE>S ,I %ALL BE ! [N] ( ?IS F>M1 :I* IS WOR? @s#d4 ,I %ALL BE ITS MA/]1 ITS PROPRIETOR6 ,I %ALL SELL IT1 IF ,I *OOSE1 = GOLD1 OR = SILV]1 OR = BANK NOTES3 ,I %ALL MOVE TO ANO!R P>T ( ! C\NTRY IF ,I *OOSE2 ,I %ALL MAKE MY SON A M]*ANT IF COMM]CE SUITS HIM2 ,I %ALL M>RY MY DAU<T] TO A TEA*] IF %E LIKES1 &1 AS = MYSELF1 :5 ,I AM OLD & UNABLE TO WORK1 ,I %ALL BUY = MYSELF AN ANNUITY4 ,MY PROP]TY IS MY REFUGE 9 MY OLD AGE4 

,DO Y\ ?9K1 ,I ASK1 ?AT ! PEASANT W\LD HESITATE AN 9/ANT :I* TO *OOSE8 

,NO D\BT ! COLLECTIVE WEAL? ( ! NATION NEI!R GA9S NOR LOSES 9 EI!R CASE3 :AT MATT]S IT TO SOCIETY :E!R ! #af BILLIONS ( REAL E/ATE :I* CON/ITUTE 9DIVIDUAL =TUNES >E 9CLUD$ OR NOT 9 ! TOTAL8 ,BUT = ! F>M]1 9 :OSE H&S ! SOIL IS MOBILIZ$1 & BECOMES A CIRCULAT+ VALUE1 A SORT ( MONEY1 AS IT W]E1 ,I ASK AGA91 IS IT ! SAME ?+8 

,:AT ,I SAY IS TO NO O!R 5D ?AN TO =M OP9ION1 & TO PREV5T RU9\S EXP]IM5TS1 AS F> AS 9 ME LIES4 ,AS = ! \TCOME1 IT WILL BE SU* 9 ITS LA/ RESULT AS ,I HAVE \TL9$3 ! GREATE/ ( P[]S1 ! NECESSITY ( ?+S1 9 H>MONY ) ! HUMAN HE>T1 HAVE SO WILL$4 ,! F>M] :O DID NOT RECOGNIZE ANY O!R PROPRIETOR ?AN ! ,/ATE1 W\LD SOON PUT HIMSELF 9 ! PLACE ( ! ,/ATE3 HE W\LD TREAT HIS POSSESSIONS AS A REAL PROPRIETOR4 ,HE W\LD E/ABLI% AMONG F>M WORK]S = ! TRANSMISSION ( F>MS ! SAME USAGE ?AT PREVAILS AMONG NOT>IES1 CL]KS1 @&C41 = ! SALE ( (FICES2 &1 AS ! PEASANTS 9 ,FRANCE WILL ALWAYS BE ! /RONGE/1 !Y WILL SOON HAVE CONSECRAT$1 BY !IR P[]FUL DECREE1 :AT IT PLEASES ,UTOPIANS TO CALL AN USURPATION4 

,LET US !N ANTICIPATE ! UNAVOIDABLE SOLUTION1 :I* ! 9T]E/ ( ! C\NTRY1 ! PRES]VATION ( ! SOIL1 ! EQUILIBRIUM ( =TUNES1 & ! LIB]TY ( TRANSF] CALL =2 & F9ANCIAL RE=M PO9TS TO & DEM&S4 ,IT IS RIDICUL\S TO WANT TO SUBJECT MASSES ( M51 UND] ! NAME ( 9DIVIDUAL SOV]EIGNTY1 TO LAWS REPUGNANT TO !IR 9/9CTS2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT IS JU/ & REALLY REVOLUTION>Y TO PROPOSE TO !M :AT APPEALS TO !IR SELF-REG>D1 :AT !Y CAN ACCLAIM ) 5?USIASM4 ,! SELF-REG>D ( ! PEOPLE 9 POLITICAL MATT]S IS ! FIR/ LAW4 

,LET ! ,ASSEMBLY ( #a#h#e#b1 :E!R ,CON/ITU5T OR ,LEGISLATIVE1 MAKE A BEG9N+3 LET IT PUT A /OP TO F>M R5T1 & AT ! SAME TIME TO ?IS ABSURD SMALL P>CEL+ :I* IS A DISA/] = PUBLIC WELF>E3 LET IT PR(IT BY ! G5]AL LIQUIDATION ( ! L& TO RECOMP5SE 9H]ITANCES1 & PREV5T !IR DISSIPATION H]EAFT]4 ,) FACILITY ( PUR*ASE BY ANNUAL PAYM5TS1 ! VALUE ( REAL E/ATE MAY BE 9DEF9ITELY DIVID$1 )\T EV] CUTT+ UP ! L&4 ,! RE/ IS A MATT] ( DETAIL1 WE NE$ NOT CONC]N \RSELVES AB\T IT4 

#c4 ,DIVISION ( ,LABOR1 ,COLLECTIVE ,=CES1 ,MA*9ES1 ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATIONS 

,9 ,FRANCE1 TWO-?IRDS ( ! 9HABITANTS >E 9T]E/$ 9 L& [N+2 & EV5 ?IS PROPORTION MU/ 9CREASE4 ,NEXT TO CR$IT1 :I* CONTROLS EV]Y?+1 IT IS ! GREATE/ ( \R ECONOMIC =CES2 ?R\< IT1 !RE=E1 WE MU/ PROCE$ TO ! REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION 9 ! SECOND PLACE4 

,AGRICULTURAL LABOR1 RE/+ ON ?IS BASIS1 APPE>S 9 ITS NATURAL DIGNITY4 ,( ALL OCCUPATIONS IT IS ! MO/ NOBLE1 ! MO/ HEAL?FUL1 FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( MORALS & HEAL?1 & AS 9TELLECTUAL EX]CISE1 ! MO/ 5CYCLOP$IC4 ,FROM ALL !SE CONSID]ATIONS1 AGRICULTURAL LABOR IS ! ONE :I* LEA/ REQUIRES ! SOCIET>Y =M2 WE MAY SAY EV5 MORE /RONGLY1 :I* MO/ 5]GETICALLY REJECTS IT4 ,NEV] HAVE PEASANTS BE5 SE5 TO =M A SOCIETY = ! CULTIVATION ( !IR FIELDS2 NEV] WILL !Y BE SE5 TO DO SO4 ,! ONLY RELATIONS ( UNITY & SOLID>ITY :I* CAN EXI/ AMONG F>M WORK]S1 ! ONLY C5TRALIZATION ( :I* RURAL 9DU/RY IS SUSCEPTIBLE1 IS ?AT :I* WE HAVE PO9T$ \T :I* RESULTS FROM COMP5SATION = ECONOMIC R5T1 MUTUAL 9SURANCE1 &1 MO/ ( ALL1 FROM ABOLI%+ R5T1 :I* MAKES ACCUMULATION ( L&1 P>CEL+ \T ( ! SOIL1 S]FDOM ( ! PEASANT1 DISSIPATION ( 9H]ITANCES1 =EV] IMPOSSIBLE4 

,IT IS O!RWISE ) C]TA9 9DU/RIES1 :I* REQUIRE ! COMB9$ EMPLOYM5T ( A L>GE NUMB] ( WORK]S1 A VA/ >RAY ( MA*9ES & H&S1 &1 TO MAKE USE ( A TE*NICAL EXPRESSION1 A GREAT DIVISION ( LABOR1 & 9 CONSEQU5CE A HI< CONC5TRATION ( P[]4 ,9 SU* CASES1 WORKMAN IS NECESS>ILY SUBORD9ATE TO WORKMAN1 MAN DEP5D5T ON MAN4 ,! PRODUC] IS NO LONG]1 AS 9 ! FIELDS1 A SOV]EIGN & FREE FA!R ( A FAMILY2 IT IS A COLLECTIVITY4 ,RAILROADS1 M9ES1 FACTORIES1 >E EXAMPLES4 

,9 SU* CASES1 IT IS ONE ( TWO ?+S2 EI!R ! WORKMAN1 NECESS>ILY A PIECE-WORK]1 WILL BE SIMPLY ! EMPLOYEE ( ! PROPRIETOR-CAPITALI/-PROMOT]2 OR HE WILL P>TICIPATE 9 ! *ANCES ( LOSS OR GA9 ( ! E/ABLI%M5T1 HE WILL HAVE A VOICE 9 ! C\NCIL1 9 A WORD1 HE WILL BECOME AN ASSOCIATE4 

,9 ! FIR/ CASE ! WORKMAN IS SUBORD9AT$1 EXPLOIT$3 HIS P]MAN5T CONDITION IS ONE ( OB$I5CE & POV]TY4 ,9 ! SECOND CASE HE RESUMES HIS DIGNITY AS A MAN & CITIZ51 HE MAY ASPIRE TO COM=T1 HE =MS A P>T ( ! PRODUC+ ORGANIZATION1 ( :I* HE WAS BE=E BUT ! SLAVE2 AS1 9 ! T[N1 HE =MS A P>T ( ! SOV]EIGN P[]1 ( :I* HE WAS BE=E BUT ! SUBJECT4 

,?US WE NE$ NOT HESITATE1 = WE HAVE NO *OICE4 ,9 CASES 9 :I* PRODUCTION REQUIRES GREAT DIVISION ( LABOR1 & A CONSID]ABLE COLLECTIVE =CE1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO =M AN ASSOCIATION AMONG ! WORK]S 9 ?IS 9DU/RY2 BECAUSE )\T ?AT1 !Y W\LD REMA9 RELAT$ AS SUBORD9ATES & SUP]IORS1 & !RE W\LD 5SUE TWO 9DU/RIAL CA/ES ( MA/]S & WAGE-WORK]S1 :I* IS REPUGNANT TO A FREE & DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY4 

,SU* !RE=E IS ! RULE ?AT WE MU/ LAY D[N1 IF WE WI% TO CONDUCT ! ,REVOLUTION 9TELLIG5TLY4 

,EV]Y 9DU/RY1 OP]ATION OR 5T]PRISE1 :I* BY ITS NATURE REQUIRES ! EMPLOYM5T ( A L>GE NUMB] ( WORKM5 ( DIFF]5T SPECIALTIES1 IS DE/9$ TO BECOME A SOCIETY OR A COMPANY ( WORK]S4 

,?AT IS :Y ,I SAID ONE DAY1 9 ,FEBRU>Y OR ,M>*1 #a#h#d#i1 AT A MEET+ ( PATRIOTS1 ?AT ,I REJECT$ EQUALLY ! CON/RUCTION & MANAGEM5T ( RAILROADS BY COMPANIES ( CAPITALI/S & BY ! ,/ATE4 ,9 MY OP9ION1 RAILROADS >E 9 ! FIELD ( WORKM5'S COMPANIES1 :I* >E DIFF]5T FROM ! PRES5T COMM]CIAL COMPANIES1 AS !Y MU/ BE 9DEP5D5T ( ! ,/ATE4 ,A RAILROAD1 A M9E1 A FACTORY1 A %IP1 >E TO ! WORK]S :O USE !M :AT A HIVE IS TO ! BEES1 AT ONCE !IR TOOL & !IR HOME1 !IR C\NTRY1 !IR T]RITORY1 !IR PROP]TY4 ,IT IS SURPRIS+ ?AT !Y :O SO ZEAL\SLY MA9TA9 ! PR9CIPLE ( ASSOCIATION %\LD HAVE FAIL$ TO SEE ?AT SU* WAS ITS NORMAL APPLICATION4 

,BUT :]E ! PRODUCT CAN BE OBTA9$ BY ! ACTION ( AN 9DIVIDUAL OR A FAMILY1 )\T ! COOP]ATION ( SPECIAL ABILITIES1 !RE IS NO OPPORTUNITY = ASSOCIATION4 ,ASSOCIATION NOT BE+ CALL$ = BY ! NATURE ( ! WORK1 CANNOT BE PR(ITABLE NOR ( LONG CONT9UANCE3 ,I HAVE GIV5 ! REASONS ELSE:]E4 

,:5 ,I SPEAK ( EI!R COLLECTIVE =CE OR ( AN EXTREME DIVISION ( LABOR1 AS A NECESS>Y CONDITION = ASSOCIATION1 IT MU/ BE UND]/OOD FROM A PRACTICAL PO9T ( VIEW1 RA!R ?AN 9 A RIGOR\S LOGICAL OR MA!MATICAL S5SE4 ,LIB]TY ( ASSOCIATION BE+ UNRE/RICT$1 IT IS EVID5T ?AT IF ! PEASANTS ?9K WELL TO ASSOCIATE1 !Y WILL ASSOCIATE1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! CONSID]ATIONS AGA9/ IT2 ON ! O!R H&1 IT IS NOT LESS CLE> ?AT IF ONE MU/ LIVE UP TO ! RIGOR\S DEF9ITIONS ( SCI5CE1 ! CONCLUSION W\LD BE ?AT ALL WORK]S MU/ ASSOCIATE1 9ASMU* AS COLLECTIVE =CE & DIVISION ( LABOR EXI/ EV]Y:]E1 TO H[EV] SLI<T A DEGREE4 

,WE MU/ SUPPLEM5T ! DEFICI5CIES ( LANGUAGE1 & DO = POLITICAL ECONOMY :AT NATURALI/S DO 9 !IR CLASSIFICATIONS1 ?AT IS TO SELECT ALWAYS NOT D\BTFUL BUT M>K$ *>ACT]I/ICS1 UPON :I* TO BASE \R DEF9ITIONS4 

,I MEAN TO SAY1 !RE=E1 ?AT ! DEGREE ( ASSOCIATIVE T5D5CY AMONG WORK]S MU/ BE 9 PROPORTION TO ! ECONOMIC RELATIONS :I* UNITE !M1 SO ?AT :]E !SE RELATIONS >E 9APPRECIABLE OR 9SIGNIFICANT1 NO ACC\NT NE$ BE TAK5 ( !M2 :]E !Y PR$OM9ATE & CONTROL1 !Y MU/ BE REG>D$4 

,?US ,I DO NOT CONSID] AS FALL+ )9 ! LOGICAL CLASS ( DIVISION ( LABOR NOR ( COLLECTIVE =CE ! 9NUM]ABLE SMALL %OPS :I* >E F\ND 9 ALL TRADES1 & :I* SEEM TO ME ! EFFECT ( ! PREF]5CE ( ! 9DIVIDUALS :O CONDUCT !M1 RA!R ?AN ! ORGANIC RESULT ( A COMB9ATION ( =CES4 ,ANYBODY :O IS CAPABLE ( CUTT+ \T & SEW+ UP A PAIR ( %OES CAN GET A LIC5SE1 OP5 A %OP1 & HANG \T A SIGN1 ,SO-&-,SO1 ,MANUFACTUR+ ,%OE ,M]*ANT1 AL?\< !RE MAY BE ONLY HIMSELF BEH9D HIS C\NT]4 ,IF A COMPANION1 :O PREF]S J\RNEYMAN'S WAGES TO RUNN+ ! RISK ( />T+ 9 BUS9ESS1 JO9S ) ! FIR/1 ONE WILL CALL HIMSELF ! EMPLOY]1 ! O!R1 ! HIR$ MAN2 9 FACT1 !Y >E COMPLETELY EQUAL & COMPLETELY FREE4 ,IF A Y\? ( F\RTE5 OR FIFTE5 WANTS TO LE>N ! TRADE1 !RE MAY BE A C]TA9 DIVISION ( LABOR ) HIM2 BUT ?IS DIVISION ( LABOR IS ! CONDITION ( APPR5TICE%IP1 !RE IS NO?+ REM>KABLE AB\T IT4 ,IF ORD]S COME 9 FREELY1 !RE MAY BE SEV]AL J\RNEYM5 & APPR5TICES1 BESIDES HELP]S1 P]HAPS A CL]K3 !N IT WILL BE :AT IS CALL$ A %OP1 ?AT IS1 SIX1 T51 FIFTE5 P]SONS1 ALL DO+ AB\T ! SAME ?+1 & WORK+ TOGE!R M]ELY TO 9CREASE ! PRODUCT1 NOT AT ALL TO CONTRIBUTE TO ITS P]FECTION BY !IR DIFF]5T ABILITIES4 ,IF SUDD5LY ! EMPLOY]'S AFFAIRS FALL 9TO CONFUSION1 & HE GOES 9TO BANKRUPTCY1 !Y :OM HE EMPLOY$ WILL HAVE ONLY ! TR\BLE ( F9D+ ANO!R %OP2 AS = HIS CU/OM]S1 !Y RUN NO RISK1 EA* ( ! J\RNEYM51 OR ALL ( !M TOGE!R1 MAY RESUME ! BUS9ESS4 

,9 SU* A CASE1 ,I SEE NO REASON = ASSOCIATION1 UNLESS = 9DIVIDUAL PREF]5CE4 ,:AT COLLECTIVE =CE !RE IS C\NTS = TOO LITTLE2 IT DOES NOT C\NT]BALANCE ! RISKS ( ! V5TURE4 ,J\RNEYM5 MAY WI% TO BE ADMITT$ TO ! ADVANTAGES ( A PROSP]\S E/ABLI%M5T3 ,I SEE NO DIFFICULTY1 IF ! EMPLOY] CONS5TS1 & ! LAW DOES NOT =BID IT4 ,IT MAY BE ?AT ALL1 BO? EMPLOY] & J\RNEYM51 F9D IT TO !IR ADVANTAGE2 ?AT BR+S IT AMONG SPECIAL CASES1 :I* CANNOT 5T] 9TO CONSID]ATION H]E4 ,BUT ACCORD+ TO ! ECONOMIC LAW :I* GUIDES US1 SU* P>TICIPATION CANNOT BE DEM&$3 IT IS 5TIRELY \TSIDE ( ! PROVISION ( ! NEW RULE ( RI<T4 ,TO ORD] OR PRESCRIBE ASSOCIATION UND] SU* CONDITIONS1 W\LD BE TO RE]ECT1 ?R\< A MEAN & JEAL\S SPIRIT1 ! UN=TUNATE FEUDAL CORPORATIONS :I* ! ,REVOLUTION ABOLI%$3 IT W\LD BE UNFAI?FUL TO PROGRESS1 & A BACKW>D /EP1 :I* IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,?AT IS NOT ! FUTURE ( ASSOCIATION1 CONSID]$ AS AN ECONOMIC & REVOLUTION>Y 9/ITUTION4 ,I CANNOT BUT REPEAT :AT ,I HAVE ALREADY SAID ELSE:]E1 ?AT ! WORK+M5'S ASSOCIATIONS :I* HAVE =M$ AT ,P>IS = 9DU/RIES ( ?IS NATURE1 AS WELL AS ! HEADS ( CONC]NS :O HAVE GIV5 !IR EMPLOYES A %>E 9 !IR DIVID5DS1 \<T TO CONSID] !MSELVES AS S]V+ ! ,REVOLUTION FROM AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T PO9T ( VIEW1 & = A DIFF]5T OBJECT4 ,I %ALL SPEAK ( ?IS AGA9 %ORTLY4 

,BUT :5 ! 5T]PRISE REQUIRES ! COMB9$ AID ( SEV]AL 9DU/RIES1 PR(ESSIONS1 SPECIAL TRADES2 :5 FROM ?IS COMB9ATION SPR+S A NEW PRODUCT1 ?AT C\LD NOT BE MADE BY ANY 9DIVIDUAL1 A COMB9ATION 9 :I* MAN FITS 9 ) MAN AS :EEL ) :EEL2 ! :OLE GR\P ( WORK]S =MS A MA*9E1 LIKE ! FITT+ ( ! P>TS ( A CLOCK OR A LOCOMOTIVE2 !N1 9DE$1 ! CONDITIONS >E NO LONG] ! SAME4 ,:O C\LD >ROGATE ! RI<T TO EXPLOIT SU* A BODY ( SLAVES8 ,:O W\LD BE D>+ 5\< TO TAKE ONE MAN = A HAMM]1 ANO!R = A SPADE1 ?IS ONE = A HOOK1 ?AT ONE = A LEV]8 

,! CAPITALI/1 Y\ WILL CRY1 ALONE RUNS ! RISK ( ! 5T]PRISE1 LIKE ! EMPLOY+ %OEMAK] ( :OM WE SPOKE JU/ N[4 ,NO D\BT ?AT IS TRUE1 BUT ! COMP>ISON HOLDS NO FUR!R4 ,C\LD ! CAPITALI/S ALONE WORK A M9E OR RUN A RAILROAD8 ,C\LD ONE MAN ALONE C>RY ON A FACTORY1 SAIL A %IP1 PLAY A TRAG$Y1 BUILD ! ,PAN!ON OR ! ,COLUMN ( ,JULY8 ,CAN ANYBODY DO SU* ?+S AS !SE1 EV5 IF HE HAS ALL ! CAPITAL NECESS>Y8 ,& ! ONE :O IS CALL$ ! EMPLOY]1 IS HE ANY?+ MORE ?AN A LEAD] OR CAPTA98 

,IT IS 9 SU* A CASE ?AT ASSOCIATION SEEMS TO ME ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y & RI<T4 

,! 9DU/RY TO BE C>RI$ ON1 ! WORK TO BE ACCOMPLI%$1 >E ! COMMON & UNDIVID$ PROP]TY ( ALL ?OSE :O TAKE P>T !RE93 ! GRANT+ ( FRAN*ISES = M9ES & RAILROADS TO COMPANIES ( /OCKHOLD]S1 :O PLUND] ! BODIES & S\LS ( ! WAGE-WORK]S1 IS A BETRAYAL ( P[]1 A VIOLATION ( ! RI<TS ( ! PUBLIC1 AN \TRAGE UPON HUMAN DIGNITY & P]SONALITY4 

,C]TA9LY ! ,P>ISIAN WORKM51 :O W]E ! FIR/ TO M>K ! C\RSE ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 & ASS]T ! PR9CIPLE ( ID5TITY ( 9T]E/S1 W]E UNABLE AT ! \TSET TO C>RY \T SU* A ME?OD4 ,IT WAS NOT = !M TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES 9TO MANUFACTUR+ COMPANIES & RAILROADS4 ,HEAV5 =BID ?AT ,I %\LD REPROA* !M = IT6 ,! POSITION WAS CAPTUR$ 7IT WILL AGA9 BE CAPTUR$7 & HELD BY ?\S&S ( BAYONETS4 ,! CAPITAL :I* IT W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO REIMBURSE WAS 5ORM\S2 9/ITUTIONS ( CR$IT1 9DISP5SABLE 9 SU* A CASE1 DID NOT EXI/4 ,! WORKM5 C\LD DO NO?+ 9 ?IS DIRECTION3 ! =CE ( CIRCUM/ANCES ?REW !M 9TO 9DU/RIES 9 :I* ASSOCIATION IS LEA/ USEFUL4 ,MOREOV] !IR WORK WAS :OLLY ONE ( DEVOTION1 & PROVISIONAL 9 *>ACT]1 NOR HAD IT ANY O!R AIM ?AN TO PUT D[N USURI\S COMM]CE1 TO DRIVE \T P>ASITICAL SPECULATION1 & TO =M A *OS5 BODY ( >TISANS1 :O W\LD BE ABLE TO R5EW ! TACTICS ( 9DU/RIALISM1 & ORGANIZE VICTORY = ! L[] CLASSES1 LIKE ! Y\NG G5]ALS ( ! OLD REVOLUTION4 

,?US ! \TL9E ( ! ,REVOLUTION BEG9S TO DISPLAY ITSELF3 ALREADY ITS ASPECT IS GR&IOSE4 

,ON ! ONE H&1 ! PEASANTS1 AT LA/ MA/]S ( ! SOIL :I* !Y CULTIVATE1 & 9 :I* !Y DESIRE TO TAKE ROOT4 ,!IR 5ORM\S1 UNCONQU]ABLE MASS1 >\S$ BY A COMMON GU>ANTEE1 UNIT$ BY ! SAME 9T]E/S1 ASSURES =EV] ! TRIUMPH ( ! DEMOCRACY1 & ! P]MAN5CE ( ,CONTRACT4 

,ON ! O!R H& !RE >E MYRIADS ( SMALL MANUFACTUR]S1 DEAL]S1 >TISANS1 ! VOLUNTE]S ( COMM]CE & 9DU/RY1 WORK+ 9 ISOLATION OR 9 SMALL GR\PS1 ! MO/ MIGRATORY ( BE+S2 :O PREF] !IR COMPLETE 9DEP5D5CE TO ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! SOIL2 SURE ( HAV+ A C\NTRY :]EV] !Y CAN F9D WORK4 

,F9ALLY APPE> ! WORK+M5'S ASSOCIATIONS1 REGUL> >MIES ( ! REVOLUTION1 9 :I* ! WORK]1 LIKE ! SOLDI] 9 ! BATTALION1 MANEUV]S ) ! PRECISION ( HIS MA*9ES2 9 :I* ?\S&S ( WILLS1 9TELLIG5T & PR\D1 SUBMIT !MSELVES TO A SUP]IOR WILL1 AS ! H&S CONTROLL$ BY !M 5G5D]1 BY !IR CONC]T$ ACTION1 A COLLECTIVE =CE GREAT] ?AN EV5 !IR NUMB]4 

,! CULTIVATOR HAD BE5 B5T UND] FEUDAL S]VITUDE ?R\< R5T & MORTGAGES4 ,HE IS FRE$ BY ! L& BANK1 &1 ABOVE ALL1 BY ! RI<T ( ! US] TO ! PROP]TY4 ,! L&1 VA/ 9 EXT5T & 9 DEP?1 BECOMES ! BASIS ( EQUALITY4 

,9 ! SAME WAY ! WAGE-WORK] ( ! GREAT 9DU/RIES1 HAD BE5 CRU%$ 9TO A CONDITION WORSE ?AN ?AT ( ! SLAVE1 BY ! LOSS ( ! ADVANTAGE ( COLLECTIVE =CE4 ,BUT BY ! RECOGNITION ( HIS RI<T TO ! PR(IT FROM ?IS =CE1 ( :I* HE IS ! PRODUC]1 HE RESUMES HIS DIGNITY1 HE REGA9S COM=T2 ! GREAT 9DU/RIES1 T]RIBLE 5G9ES ( >I/OCRACY & PAUP]ISM1 BECOME1 9 !IR TURN1 ONE ( ! PR9CIPAL ORGANS ( LIB]TY & PUBLIC PROSP]ITY4 

,\R READ]S MU/ UND]/& BY ?IS TIME ?AT ! LAWS ( SOCIAL ECONOMY >E 9DEP5D5T ( ! WILL ( ANY MAN OR ANY LEGISLATOR3 IT IS \R PRIVILEGE TO RECOGNIZE !M1 \R HONOR TO OBEY !M4 

,?IS RECOGNITION & ?IS SUBMISSION1 9 ! PRES5T /ATE ( \R PREJUDICES1 & UND] ! RULE ( ! TRADITIONS :I* BESET US1 CAN BE BR\<T AB\T ONLY BY ! MUTUAL CONS5T ( ! CITIZ5S1 9 A WORD1 BY CONTRACT4 :AT WE HAVE DONE = CR$IT1 H\S+1 AGRICULTURE1 WE MU/ DO = ! GREAT 9DU/RIES3 9 ?IS CASE1 AS 9 ! O!RS1 LEGISLATIVE AU?ORITY WILL 9T]V5E1 ONLY TO WRITE ITS LA/ WILL & TE/AM5T4 

,LET US !N LAY D[N ! PR9CIPLES ( ! AGREEM5T :I* MU/ CON/ITUTE ?IS NEW REVOLUTION>Y P[]4 

,L>GE-SCALE 9DU/RY MAY BE LIK5$ TO A NEW L&1 DISCOV]$1 OR SUDD5LY CREAT$ \T ( ! AIR1 BY ! SOCIAL G5IUS2 TO :I* SOCIETY S5DS A COLONY TO TAKE POSSESSION ( IT & TO WORK IT1 = ! ADVANTAGE ( ALL4 

,?IS COLONY WILL BE RUL$ BY A D\BLE CONTRACT1 ?AT :I* GIVES IT TITLE1 E/ABLI%ES ITS PROP]TY1 & FIXES ITS RI<TS & OBLIGATIONS T[>D ! MO!R-C\NTRY2 & ! CONTRACT :I* UNITES ! DIFF]5T MEMB]S AMONG !MSELVES1 & DET]M9ES !IR RI<TS & DUTIES4 

,T[>D ,SOCIETY1 ( :I* IT IS A CREATION & A DEP5D5CE1 ?IS WORK+ COMPANY PROMISES TO FURNI% ALWAYS ! PRODUCTS & S]VICES :I* >E ASK$ ( IT1 AT A PRICE NE>LY AS POSSIBLE ?AT ( CO/1 & TO GIVE ! PUBLIC ! ADVANTAGE ( ALL DESIRABLE BETT]M5TS & IMPROVEM5TS4 

,TO ?IS 5D1 ! WORK+ COMPANY ABJURES ALL COMB9ATIONS1 SUBMITS ITSELF TO ! LAW ( COMPETITION1 & HOLDS ITS BOOKS & RECORDS AT ! DISPOSITION ( ,SOCIETY1 :I*1 UPON ITS P>T1 RES]VES ! P[] ( DISSOLV+ ! WORK+ COMPANY1 AS ! SANCTION ( ITS RI<T ( CONTROL4 

,T[>D ! 9DIVIDUALS & FAMILIES :OSE LABOR IS ! SUBJECT ( ! ASSOCIATION1 ! COMPANY MAKES ! FOLL[+ RULES3 

,?AT EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL EMPLOY$ 9 ! ASSOCIATION1 :E!R MAN1 WOMAN1 *ILD1 OLD MAN1 HEAD ( DEP>TM5T1 ASSI/ANT HEAD1 WORKMAN OR APPR5TICE1 HAS AN UNDIVID$ %>E 9 ! PROP]TY ( ! COMPANY2 

,?AT HE HAS ! RI<T TO FILL ANY POSITION1 ( ANY GRADE1 9 ! COMPANY1 ACCORD+ TO ! SUITABILITY ( SEX1 AGE1 SKILL1 & L5G? ( EMPLOYM5T2 

,?AT HIS $UCATION1 9/RUCTION1 & APPR5TICE%IP %\LD !RE=E BE SO DIRECT$ ?AT1 :ILE P]MITT+ HIM TO DO HIS %>E ( UNPLEASANT & DISAGREEABLE TASKS1 !Y MAY ALSO GIVE V>IETY ( WORK & KN[L$GE1 & MAY ASSURE HIM1 FROM ! P]IOD ( MATURITY1 AN 5CYCLOP$IC APTITUDE & A SUFFICI5T 9COME2 

,?AT ALL POSITIONS >E ELECTIVE1 & ! BY-LAWS SUBJECT TO ! APPROVAL ( ! MEMB]S2 

,?AT PAY IS TO BE PROPORTIONAL TO ! NATURE ( ! POSITION1 ! IMPORTANCE ( ! TAL5TS1 & ! EXT5T ( RESPONSIBILITY2 

,?AT EA* MEMB] %ALL P>TICIPATE 9 ! GA9S & 9 ! LOSSES ( ! COMPANY1 9 PROPORTION TO HIS S]VICES2 

,?AT EA* MEMB] IS FREE TO LEAVE ! COMPANY1 UPON SETTL+ HIS ACC\NT1 & PAY+ :AT HE MAY [E2 & RECIPROCALLY1 ! COMPANY MAY TAKE 9 NEW MEMB]S AT ANY TIME4 

,!SE G5]AL PR9CIPLES >E 5\< TO EXPLA9 ! SPIRIT & SCOPE ( ?IS 9/ITUTION1 ?AT HAS NO PREC$5T & NO MODEL4 ,!Y FURNI% ! SOLUTION ( TWO IMPORTANT PROBLEMS ( SOCIAL ECONOMY1 ?AT ( COLLECTIVE =CE1 & ?AT ( ! DIVISION ( LABOR4 

,BY P>TICIPATION 9 LOSSES & GA9S1 BY ! GRAD$ SCALE ( PAY1 & ! SUCCESSIVE PROMOTION TO ALL GRADES & POSITIONS1 ! COLLECTIVE =CE1 :I* IS A PRODUCT ( ! COMMUNITY1 CEASES TO BE A S\RCE ( PR(IT TO A SMALL NUMB] ( MANAG]S & SPECULATORS3 IT BECOMES ! PROP]TY ( ALL ! WORK]S4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 BY A BROAD $UCATION1 BY ! OBLIGATION ( APPR5TICE%IP1 & BY ! COOP]ATION ( ALL :O TAKE P>T 9 ! COLLECTIVE WORK1 ! DIVISION ( LABOR CAN NO LONG] BE A CAUSE ( DEGRADATION = ! WORKMAN3 IT IS1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! MEANS ( HIS $UCATION & ! PL$GE ( HIS SECURITY4 

,WE MAY ADD ?AT ! APPLICATION ( !SE PR9CIPLES AT AN EPO* ( TRANSITION W\LD 5TAIL ?AT AT :I* EV]Y MAN ( HE>T1 EV]Y TRUE REVOLUTION>Y1 %\LD REJOICE1 ! PRIVILEGE ( BEG9N+ ! RE=M = ! MIDDLE CLASS1 & ITS FUSION ) ! L[] CLASS4 

,IT MU/ BE ADMITT$ ?AT1 AL?\< ! LABOR+ CLASS1 BY ITS NUM]ICAL PREPOND]ANCE1 & BY ! IRRESI/IBLE PRESSURE :I* IT IS ABLE TO EX]CISE UPON ! DECISIONS ( AN ASSEMBLY1 IS QUITE CAPABLE1 ) ! AID ( A FEW 5LI<T5$ CITIZ5S1 ( BR++ AB\T ! FIR/ P>T ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAM1 SOCIAL LIQUIDATION & ! SETTLEM5T ( PROP]TY 9 L&2 IT IS1 NEV]!LESS1 BY ! N>R[NESS ( ITS VIEW & ITS 9EXP]I5CE 9 BUS9ESS1 9CAPABLE ( C>RY+ ON SU* L>GE 9T]E/S AS ?OSE ( COMM]CE & GREAT 9DU/RY2 & 9 CONSEQU5CE CANNOT ATTA9 ITS TRUE DE/9Y4 

,M5 >E LACK+ 9 ! L[] CLASS1 AS WELL AS 9 ! DEMOCRACY3 WE HAVE SE5 IT TOO CLE>LY = ?REE YE>S4 ,!Y :O HAVE REA*$ ! GREATE/ CELEBRITY AS (FICIALS >E ! LA/ TO M]IT ! CONFID5CE ( ! PEOPLE 9 MATT]S RELAT+ TO LABOR & SOCIAL ECONOMY4 ,ASK ! ,P>ISIAN ASSOCIATIONS1 5LI<T5$ BY !IR EXP]I5CE1 :AT !Y ?9K TO-DAY ( ! CR[D ( LITTLE GREAT M51 :O REC5TLY WAV$ ! BANN] ( FRAT]NITY BE=E !M4 ,IT W\LD BE UNAVOIDABLE !N1 9 :AT RELATES TO ! C>RY+ ON ( L>GE 9DU/RIES1 ?AT SOME COMM]CIAL & 9DU/RIAL EXP]TS %\LD BE ASSOCIAT$ ) ! LIB]AT$ WORK]S1 TO TEA* !M ! MANAGEM5T ( AFFAIRS4 ,!Y CAN BE F\ND 9 ABUNDANCE2 !RE IS NOT ONE ( ! M]CANTILE CLASS1 ACQUA9T$ ) COMM]CE & 9DU/RY & !IR 9NUM]ABLE RISKS1 :O W\LD NOT PREF] A FIX$ SAL>Y & HONORABLE POSITION 9 A WORK+ ASSOCIATION TO ALL ! WORRIES ( A PRIVATE BUS9ESS2 !RE IS NOT AN EXACT & CAPABLE CL]K :O W\LD NOT LEAVE A PREC>I\S POSITION TO ACCEPT AN APPO9TM5T 9 A GREAT ASSOCIATION4 ,LET ! WORK]S CONSID] IT2 LET !M GET RID ( A MEAN & JEAL\S SPIRIT2 !RE IS ROOM = EV]YBODY 9 ! SUNLI<T ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,!Y HAVE MORE TO GA9 BY SU* SELF-CONQUE/ ?AN BY ! 9T]M9ABLE & ALWAYS DE/RUCTIVE SQUABBLES :I* >E 9FLICT$ UPON !M BY !IR LEAD]S1 :O >E S9C]E1 NO D\BT1 BUT 9CAPABLE4 

#d4 ,CON/ITUTION ( ,VALUE4 ,ORGANIZATION ( ,L[ ,PRICES4 

,IF COMM]CE OR EX*ANGE1 C>RI$ ON AFT] A FA%ION1 IS ALREADY1 BY ITS 9H]IT M]IT1 A PRODUC] ( WEAL?2 IF1 = ?IS REASON1 IT HAS BE5 PRACTIC$ ALWAYS & BY ALL ! NATIONS ( ! GLOBE2 IF1 9 CONSEQU5CE1 WE MU/ CONSID] IT AS AN ECONOMIC =CE2 IT IS NOT ! LESS TRUE1 & IT SPR+S FROM ! V]Y NOTION ( EX*ANGE1 ?AT COMM]CE \<T TO BE SO MU* ! MORE PR(ITABLE IF SALES & PUR*ASES >E MADE AT ! L[E/ & MO/ JU/ PRICE2 ?AT IS TO SAY1 IF ! PRODUCTS ?AT >E EX*ANG$ CAN BE FURNI%$ 9 GREAT] ABUNDANCE & 9 MORE EXACT PROPORTION4 

,SC>CITY ( PRODUCT1 9 O!R WORDS1 ! HI< PRICE ( M]*&ISE1 IS AN EVIL 9 COMM]CE3 ! IMP]FECT RELATIONS1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ! >BITR>Y PRICES1 ! ANOMAL\S VALUES1 >E ANO!R EVIL4 

,TO DELIV] COMM]CE FROM !SE TWO DISEASES ?AT EAT 9TO & DEV\R IT1 W\LD BE TO 9CREASE ! PRODUCTIVITY ( COMM]CE1 & CONSEQU5TLY ! PROSP]ITY ( SOCIETY4 

,AT ALL TIMES SPECULATION HAS TAK5 ADVANTAGE ( !SE TWO SC\RGES ( COMM]CE1 SC>CITY ( PRODUCT & >BITR>Y VALUE1 9 ORD] TO EXAGG]ATE !M1 & BR+ PRESSURE UPON ! UNHAPPY PEOPLE4 ,ALWAYS ALSO ! PUBLIC CONSCI5CE HAS REBELL$ AGA9/ ! EXACTIONS ( M]CANTILISM1 & /RUGGL$ TO RE/ORE ! EQUILIBRIUM4 ,WE ALL KN[ ( ! DESP]ATE W> WAG$ BY ,TURGOT AGA9/ ! MONOPOLIZ]S ( GRA91 :O W]E SUPPORT$ BY ! C\RTS & BY PREC$5T2 WE CAN ALSO REMEMB] ! LESS =TUNATE EF=TS ( ! ,CONV5TION1 & ITS LAWS E/ABLI%+ MAXIMUM PRICES4 ,9 \R [N DAY1 ! TAX ON BREAD1 ! ABOLITION ( ! SLAU<T] H\SE PRIVILEGE1 ! RAILROAD RATE SCALE1 & ?OSE ( M9I/]IAL (FICES1 @&C41 @&C41 >E SO MANY ATTEMPTS 9 ! SAME DIRECTION4 

,IT MU/ ALWAYS BE REMEMB]$ ) %AME ?AT C]TA9 ECONOMI/S HAVE NEV]!LESS ASPIR$ TO ]ECT 9TO A LAW ?IS M]CANTILE DISORD] & COMM]CIAL DI/URBANCE4 ,!Y SEE 9 IT A PR9CIPLE AS SACR$ AS ?AT ( ! FAMILY OR ( LABOR4 ,! S*OOL ( ,SAY1 SOLD \T TO ,5GLI% & NATIVE CAPITALISM1 ! *IEF FOCUS ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION NEXT TO ! ,JESUITS1 HAS = T5 YE>S PA/ SEEM$ TO EXI/ ONLY TO PROTECT & APPLAUD ! EXECRABLE WORK ( ! MONOPOLI/S ( MONEY & NECESS>IES1 DEEP5+ MORE & MORE ! OBSCURITY ( A SCI5CE NATURALLY DIFFICULT & FULL ( COMPLICATIONS4 ,!SE APO/LES ( MAT]IALISM W]E MADE TO WORK 9 ) ! ET]NAL EXECUTION]S ( CONSCI5CE3 AFT] ! EV5TS ( ,FEBRU>Y1 !Y SIGN$ AN AGREEM5T ) ! ,JESUITS1 A COMPACT ( HYPOCRISY & A B>GA9 ) />VATION4 ,LET ! REACTION :I* UNITES !M HA/5 TO CAUSE !M TO RETRACE !IR /EPS1 & LET !M GET TO COV] QUICKLY1 = ,I W>N !M ?AT IF ! ,REVOLUTION SP>ES M51 IT WILL NOT SP>E DE$S4 

,NO D\BT ,VALUE1 ! EXPRESSION ( LIB]TY1 & GR[+ \T ( ! P]SONALITY ( ! WORK]1 IS ( ALL HUMAN ?+S ! MO/ RELUCTANT TO SUBMIT TO =MULAS4 ,!RE9 LIES ! EXCUSE ( ! MISLEAD+ R\T9E >GUM5TS ( ! ECONOMI/S4 ,?US ! .<DISCIPLES.> ( ,MAL?US & ,SAY1 :O OPPOSE ) ALL !IR MI<T ANY 9T]V5TION ( ! ,/ATE 9 MATT]S COMM]CIAL OR 9DU/RIAL1 DO NOT FAIL TO AVAIL !MSELVES AT TIMES ( ?IS SEEM+LY LIB]AL ATTITUDE1 & TO %[ !MSELVES MORE REVOLUTION>Y ?AN ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,MORE ?AN ONE HONE/ SE>*] HAS BE5 DECEIV$ !REBY3 !Y HAVE NOT SE5 ?AT ?IS 9ACTION ( ,P[] 9 ECONOMIC MATT]S WAS ! F\NDATION ( GOV]NM5T4 ,:AT NE$ %\LD WE HAVE ( A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION1 IF ,P[] ONCE P]MITT$ US TO 5JOY ECONOMIC ORD]8 

,BUT PRECISELY BECAUSE ,VALUE IS 9 ! HI<E/ DEGREE DIFFICULT TO =MULATE1 IT IS EM95TLY TRANSACTIONAL1 SEE+ ?AT IT IS ALWAYS ! RESULT ( A TRANSACTION BETWE5 ! SELL] & ! BUY]1 OR AS ! ECONOMI/S SAY1 BETWE5 SUPPLY & DEM&4 

,9 FACT1 ! PRICE ( ?+S IS ! FUNDAM5TAL QUE/ION 9 AGREEM5TS2 ! ONE NATURAL & CON/ANT ELEM5T 9 ALL CONTRACTS BETWE5 MAN & MAN4 ,:5CE IT FOLL[S ?AT ! !ORY ( ,VALUE IS ! BASIS ( COMMUTATIVE JU/ICE3 IT %\LD BE F\ND AT ! HEAD ( ALL LEGISLATION1 AS IT W]E A DECALOGUE1 S9CE )\T SOME PREEXI/+ ,VALUE !RE CAN BE NEI!R SALE1 NOR EX*ANGE1 NOR HIRE1 NOR SOCIETY1 NOR 9T]E/1 NOR BONDS1 NOR MORTGAGES1 @&C4 ,!RE=E IT IS NOT A M]E !ORETICAL DET]M9ATION ( ,VALUE ?AT IS NE$$2 IT IS A PRACTICAL ME?OD ( >RANG+ AN HONE/ TRANSACTION 9 RESPECT ( VALUE4 

,:O C\LD BELIEVE1 IF ! EVID5CE W]E NOT BE=E \R EYES1 ?AT = ! SIX ?\S& YE>S S9CE M5 BEGAN TO GOV]N BY LAW1 NOT ONE LAW HAS BE5 MADE 9 ! :OLE WORLD HAV+ = ITS OBJECT1 NOT TO FIX ! VALUE ( ?+S1 :I* IS IMPOSSIBLE1 BUT TO TEA* TRAD]S H[ TO APPROXIMATE IT8 ,RULES = ! =M ( CONTRACTS AB\ND & V>Y 9F9ITELY2 AS TO !IR MATT]1 NO QUE/ION HAS BE5 RAIS$4 ,!RE=E WE HAVE LAWS BY HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S1 & NOT ONE PR9CIPLE4 ,IT IS A WORLD UPSIDE D[N1 A WORLD AT W>1 SU* A WORLD AS LAWY]S & JUDGES HAVE MADE IT1 & SU* AS ,JESUITS & ,MAL?USIANS WANT TO KEEP IT4 

,IT MU/ BE UND]/OOD ?AT ,I CANNOT H]E UND]TAKE ! FULL DISCUSSION ( ! !ORETICAL & PRACTICAL QUE/IONS :I* VALUE RAISES2 A DISCUSSION )\T 5D2 :I*1 )\T EXAGG]ATION1 MI<T WELL 9CLUDE ! :OLE ( POLITICAL ECONOMY1 ! :OLE ( PHILOSOPHY & ! :OLE ( HI/ORY4 ,I RES]VE ?IS 9T]E/+ /UDY = SOME O!R OCCASION2 = ! PRES5T1 ,I MU/ BE BRIEF1 CATEGORICAL1 POSITIVE4 ,I %\LD DESPAIR ( MY TASK IF ! ,PEOPLE HAD NOT %ORT5$ IT BY N9E-T5?S1 ?R\< ITS PRACTICAL1 & AT ! SAME TIME REVOLUTION>Y 9/9CT4 ,I AM AB\T TO TRY TO =MULATE !IR MO/ REC5T PRACTICE4 ,! ,PEOPLE IS ! GOD :O 9SPIRES TRUE PHILOSOPH]S4 ,MAY !Y RECOGNIZE !IR [N IDEAS 9 MY QUICK WORDS6 

,EV]YBODY KN[S ?AT FROM ! E>LIE/ P]IOD EX*ANGE HAS BE5 SEP>AT$ 9TO TWO ELEM5T>Y OP]ATIONS1 ,SALE & ,PUR*ASE4 ,MONEY IS ! UNIV]SAL COMMODITY1 ! TALLY1 :I* S]VES TO CONNECT ! TWO OP]ATIONS1 & TO COMPLETE ! EX*ANGE4 

,9 ORD] !RE=E TO REGULATE EX*ANGE & TO SY/EMIZE COMM]CE1 IT W\LD BE 5\< TO EFFECT ME?ODICALLY ONE OR ! O!R ( ! TWO ACTS ( :I* IT IS COMPOS$1 ,SALE OR ,PUR*ASE4 

,LET US TAKE ,SALE = EXAMPLE4 

,ACCORD+ TO :AT WE HAVE JU/ SAID1 ,SALE WILL BE G5U9E1 NORMAL1 FAIR1 FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ECONOMIC JU/ICE & ( VALUE1 IF IT IS MADE AT A JU/ PRICE1 AS F> AS HUMAN CALCULATION P]MITS ?IS TO BE E/ABLI%$4 

,:AT !N IS ! JU/ PRICE = ALL K9DS ( S]VICE OR M]*&ISE8 

,IT IS ?AT :I* REPRES5TS ) EXACTITUDE3 #a/1 ! TOTAL CO/ ( PRODUCTION1 ACCORD+ TO ! AV]AGE EXP]I5CE ( FREE PRODUC]S2 #bND1 ! WAGES ( ! M]*ANT1 OR 9DEMNITY = ! ADVANTAGE ( :I* ! SELL] DEPRIVES HIMSELF 9 P>T+ ) ! ?+ SOLD4 

,IF EV]Y?+ :I* CON/ITUTES ! MAT]IAL ( CONTRACTS W]E SOLD1 HIR$ OR EX*ANG$ ACCORD+ TO ?IS RULE1 ! :OLE WORLD W\LD BE 9 REPOSE2 PEACE ON E>? W\LD BE 9VIOLABLE2 !RE W\LD HAVE BE5 NEI!R SOLDI]S NOR SLAVES1 NEI!R CONQU]ORS NOR NOBLES4 

,BUT1 UN=TUNATELY = HUMANITY1 ?+S >E NOT DONE SO 9 COMM]CE4 ,! PRICE ( ?+S IS NOT PROPORTIONATE TO !IR VALUE3 IT IS L>G] OR SMALL] ACCORD+ TO AN 9FLU5CE :I* JU/ICE CONDEMNS1 BUT ! EXI/+ ECONOMIC *AOS EXCUSES--,USURY4 

,USURY IS ! >BITR>Y FACTOR 9 COMM]CE4 ,9ASMU* AS1 UND] ! PRES5T SY/EM1 ! PRODUC] HAS NO GU>ANTEE ?AT HE CAN EX*ANGE HIS PRODUCT1 NOR ! M]*ANT ANY C]TA9TY ( RESELL+1 EA* ONE 5DEAVORS TO PASS (F HIS M]*&ISE AT ! HI<E/ POSSIBLE PRICE1 9 ORD] TO OBTA9 BY ! EXCESS ( PR(IT ! SECURITY ( :I* LABOR & EX*ANGE FAIL SUFFICI5TLY TO ASSURE HIM4 ,! PR(IT ?US OBTA9$ 9 EXCESS ( ! CO/1 9CLUD+ ! WAGES ( ! SELL]1 IS CALL$ ,9CREASE4 ,9CREASE--!FT--IS !RE=E COMP5SATION = 9SECURITY4 

,EV]YBODY BE+ GIV5 TO ,9CREASE1 !RE IS RECIPROCAL FALSEHOOD 9 ALL RELATIONS1 & UNIV]SAL DECEIT1 BY COMMON CONS5T1 AS TO ! VALUE ( ?+S4 ,( C\RSE ?IS IS NOT WRITT5 \T 9 BLACK & :ITE 9 CONTRACTS1 AL?\< ! C\RTS W\LD BE QUITE CAPABLE ( ACCEPT+ IT6 ,BUT 9 ! SPIRIT ( JU/ICE1 & 9 ! OP9IONS ( ! P>TIES1 IT IS A P]FECT UND]/&+ AMONG !M4 

,IF 9CREASE W]E EQUAL AS WELL AS RECIPROCAL1 ! EQUITY ( AGREEM5TS1 ! EQUILIBRIUM ( COMM]CE1 & !RE=E ! PROSP]ITY ( SOCIETY W\LD NOT SUFF]4 ,TWO EQUAL QUANTITIES 9CREAS$ BY AN EQUAL QUANTITY >E /ILL EQUAL3 IT IS A MA!MATICAL AXIOM4 

,BUT ,9CREASE IS )\T RULE1 IT IS *ANCE2 & IT IS AGA9/ ! NATURE ( *ANCE TO PRODUCE EQUALITY OR ORD]4 ,H5CE IT RESULTS ?AT ! RECIPROCITY ( RASCALITY2 & ?AT ?IS PRET5D$ LAW ( ! ECONOMI/S IS ! MO/ ACTIVE CAUSE ( SPOLIATION & POV]TY4 

,?IS IS :AT ! ,REVOLUTION PROPOSES4 

,S9CE !RE IS A UNIV]SAL TACIT AGREEM5T AMONG ALL PRODUC]S & TRAD]S TO TAKE FROM EA* O!R 9CREASE = !IR PRODUCTS OR S]VICES1 TO WORK 9 ! D>K 9 !IR DEAL+S1 TO PLAY A %>P GAME2 9 A WORD1 TO TAKE EA* O!R BY SURPRISE BY ALL ! TRICKS ( TRADE2 :Y %\LD !RE NOT AS WELL BE A UNIV]SAL & TACIT AGREEM5T TO R5\NCE 9CREASE1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 TO SELL & PAY AT ! ONLY JU/ PRICE1 :I* IS ! AV]AGE CO/8 

,SU* AN AGREEM5T W\LD NOT BE ILLOGICAL3 SU* ALONE CAN SECURE ! PROSP]ITY & SECURITY ( MANK9D4 ,SOON] OR LAT] IT CAN1 IT MU/1 COME TO PASS2 & = MY P>T1 ,I HAVE NO D\BT ?AT1 ) A LITTLE P]SEV]ANCE ON ! P>T ( ! PEOPLE1 IT WILL COME TO PASS4 

,BUT IT IS H>D TO /EM ! CURR5T ( AGES1 & TO MAKE PREJUDICE RETRACE ITS PA?3 A LONG TIME1 G5]ATIONS P]HAPS1 WILL PASS BE=E ! PUBLIC CONSCI5CE REA*ES SU* A HEI<T4 ,:ILE AWAIT+ ?IS M>VEL\S *ANGE1 !RE IS BUT ONE WAY1 ?AT IS1 TO OBTA9 BY SPECIAL =MAL AGREEM5TS :AT WILL H]EAFT] RESULT FROM TACIT & UNIV]SAL CONS5T1 )\T O!R SPECIAL AGREEM5T4 

,SELL+ AT A JU/ PRICE6 ! OLD H&S WILL EXCLAIM2 ?AT HAS BE5 KN[N = A LONG TIME4 ,:AT GOOD HAS IT DONE8 ,DEAL]S :O SELL AT A JU/ PRICE DO NOT MAKE !IR =TUNES ANY MORE1 OR RU9 !MSELVES ANY LESS ?AN ! RE/ ( US2 &1 AS = ! PUR*AS]S1 !Y >E NOT BETT] S]V$1 NOR DO !Y PAY LESS ?AN BE=E4 ,ALL ?AT TALK1 !Y WILL SAY1 IS BUT EMPIRICISM1 ! REVIVAL ( WORN-\T IDEAS1 ILLUSION1 DESPAIR4 

,?AT IS PRECISELY :AT ,I D5Y4 ,SALE AT A JU/ PRICE IS UNKN[N3 IT HAS NEV] BE5 PUT 9TO PRACTICE1 & = ! GOOD REASON ?AT IT HAS NOT BE5 UND]/OOD4 

,:AT WILL SURPRISE MORE ?AN ONE READ]1 & :AT SEEMS AT FIR/ SI<T CONTRADICTORY1 IS ?AT A JU/ PRICE1 LIKE ANY SORT ( S]VICE OR GU>ANTEE1 MU/ BE PAID =3 ! L[ PRICE ( M]*&ISE1 LIKE ! M]*&ISE ITSELF1 MU/ HAVE ITS RECOMP5SE3 )\T ?IS PREMIUM (F]$ TO ! M]*ANT1 ! JU/ PRICE BECOMES IMPOSSIBLE1 ! L[ PRICE A *IM]A4 

,LET US LOOK 9TO ?IS TRU?1 ONE ( ! MO/ PR(\ND ( POLITICAL ECONOMY4 

,IF ! DEAL] USUALLY REFUSES TO SELL HIS GOODS AT CO/1 IT IS1 ON ! ONE H&1 BECAUSE HE HAS NO C]TA9TY ( SELL+ 5\< TO SECURE HIM AN 9COME2 ON ! O!R1 BECAUSE HE HAS NO GU>ANTEE ?AT HE WILL OBTA9 LIKE TREATM5T = HIS PUR*ASES4 

,)\T ?IS D\BLE GU>ANTEE1 SALE AT A JU/ PRICE1 ! SAME AS SALE BEL[ ! M>KET PRICE1 IS IMPOSSIBLE3 ! ONLY CASES 9 :I* IT OCCURS >ISE FROM FAILURES & LIQUIDATIONS4 

,DO Y\ WI% !N TO OBTA9 GOODS AT A JU/ PRICE1 TO GA9 ! ADVANTAGE ( A L[ PRICE1 TO PRACTICE A TRU?-TELL+ COMM]CE1 TO ASSURE EQUALITY 9 EX*ANGE8 

,Y\ MU/ (F] ! M]*ANT A SUFFICI5T GU>ANTEE4 

,?IS GU>ANTEE MAY TAKE V>I\S =MS3 P]HAPS ! CONSUM]S1 :O WI% TO HAVE ! B5EFIT ( A JU/ PRICE1 >E PRODUC]S !MSELVES1 & WILL OBLIGATE !MSELVES 9 TURN TO SELL !IR PRODUCTS TO ! DEAL] ON LIKE T]MS1 AS IS DONE AMONG ! DIFF]5T ,P>ISIAN ASSOCIATIONS2 P]HAPS ! CONSUM]S WILL CONT5T !MSELVES1 )\T ANY RECIPROCAL >RANGEM5TS1 ) ASSUR+ ! RETAIL] ( A PREMIUM1 ! 9T]E/1 = EXAMPLE1 ( HIS CAPITAL1 OR A FIX$ BONUS1 OR A SALE L>GE 5\< TO ASSURE HIM ( A REV5UE4 ,?IS IS :AT IS G5]ALLY DONE BY ! BUT*]S' ASSOCIATIONS1 & BY ! ,H\SEKEEP] SOCIETY1 ( :I* WE HAVE ALREADY SPOK54 

,!SE DIFF]5T K9DS ( GU>ANTIES1 ) ! AID ( ! ACTION ( REPRES5TATIVES 9 ! ,ASSEMBLY & ( AN ALL[ANCE 9 ! BUDGET1 MI<T QUICKLY BECOME G5]AL1 & PRODUCE EXTRAORD9>Y EFFECTS IMM$IATELY4 

,SUPPOSE ?AT ! ,GOV]NM5T1 OR ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 TO :I* ! PROPOSITION WAS MADE1 HAD REALLY WANT$ TO REVIVE BUS9ESS1 TO RELIEVE COMM]CE1 9DU/RY & AGRICULTURE1 TO /OP ! DEPRECIATION ( PROP]TY1 TO ASSURE WORK TO LABOR]S4 

,IT MI<T BE DONE BY GU>ANTEE+ TO1 SAY1 ! FIR/ T5 ?\S& EMPLOY]S1 MANUFACTUR]S1 DEAL]S1 @&C41 9 ! :OLE ,REPUBLIC1 ! 9T]E/ AT #e P]C5T ( ! CAPITAL :I* EA* ( !M MI<T PUT 9TO BUS9ESS1 UP TO AN AV]AGE AM\NT TO EA* ( @s#b14 

,I SAY BY GU>ANTEE+1 NOT BY PAY+ 9T]E/3 IT W\LD HAVE BE5 AGRE$ ?AT IF ! NET PR(IT ( ! BUS9ESS AM\NT$ TO #e P]C5T OR MORE1 ! ,/ATE %\LD MAKE NO PAYM5T = 9T]E/4 

,! CAPITAL ?US GU>ANTE$ = T5 ?\S& E/ABLI%M5TS W\LD AM\NT TO @s#b114 ,! 9T]E/ TO BE PAID1 IF PAID ON ! :OLE ( ?IS SUM1 W\LD BE @s#a114 ,BUT IT IS EVID5T ?AT ! ,/ATE W\LD NEV] HAVE TO P>T ) ANY SU* SUM3 T5 ?\S& COMM]CIAL E/ABLI%M5TS CANNOT OP]ATE SIMULTANE\SLY )\T S]V+ AS A SUPPORT TO ONE ANO!R3 :AT ONE PRODUCES ANO!R CONSUMES2 LABOR IS ! \TLET4 ,! ,/ATE W\LD NOT HAVE TO PAY OV] @s#b11 9T]E/ ( ! @s#a11 :I* IT GU>ANTE$4 

,CAN IT BE ?\<T ?AT SU* A SUM CAN BE COMP>$ ) ! DEFICIT 9 PRODUCTION CAUS$ BY ! )DRAWAL ( CAPITAL & ! 9SECURITY ( EMPLOY]S1 ) ! 5ORM\S DEPRECIATION ( PROP]TY1 ) ! .<POV]TY.> & /RUGGLE :I* HAVE DECIMAT$ ! L[] CLASSES8 

,9 A PUBLI%$ MEMORIAL1 SPEAK+ 9 ! NAME ( A M]CANTILE H\SE ( ,LYONS1 ,I MADE A PROPOSITION ( A DIFF]5T NATURE TO ! ,GOV]NM5T1--?AT WE W\LD GU>ANTEE TRANSPORTATION ( ALL M]*&ISE & PASS5G]S FROM ,AVIGNON TO ,*ALONS-SUR-,M>NE1 = FROM #f TO #h P]C5T LESS ?AN ! RAILROAD *>GES1 /IPULAT+ ?AT ! ,/ATE %\LD GU>ANTEE TO ! CON/RUCTORS 9T]E/ AT #e P]C5T ON !IR 9VE/M5T4 

,?AT W\LD BE TO OBTA91 = @s#f11 A SAV+ ( SEV]AL MILLIONS4 

,DO Y\ KN[ :AT ! ANSW] WAS8 

,! ,GOV]NM5T DIRECTORATE ( ! ,P>IS TO ,LYONS RAILROAD1 UND] ! PRETEXT ?AT IT DID NOT WANT TO CUT 9TO PRICES BY FAVOR+ A MONOPOLY1 PREF]R$ TO TREAT ) SOME FRI5DLY SPECULATORS = ITS CONNECTION1 AT A HI<] PRICE ?AN ?AT ( ! RAILWAY C\LD BE4 ,SO ?AT IF 9 TWO OR ?REE YE>S ?IS RAILWAY IS BUILT1 ! COMPANY OR ! ,/ATE WILL /ILL SEEM TO BE B5EFITT+ ! ,C\NTRY4 ,IT IS ?US ?AT A ,GOV]NM5T ACTS ?AT KN[S ITS BUS9ESS4 ,L\IS ,V WAS ! HEAVIE/ /OCKHOLD] 9 ! />VATION PACT3 ! HI/ORIANS1 FRI5DS ( AU?ORITY1 HAVE CONDEMN$ HIS MEMORY TO 9FAMY4 ,HE SPECULAT$ 9 FOOD4 ,! M9I/]S ( ! ,REPUBLIC & !IR ASSI/ANTS WILL RETA9 !IR REPUTATION = 9TEGRITY4 ,!Y SPECULATE ONLY 9 TRANSPORTATION4 

,I SAY PLA9LY ?AT ! ASSOCIATIONS ( WORKM5 ( ,P>IS & ( ! PROV9CES HOLD 9 !IR H&S ! SALVATION ( ! PEOPLE & ! FUTURE ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,!Y >E ABLE TO ACCOMPLI% EV]Y?+ IF !Y USE SKILL4 ,IT MU/ BE ?AT A R5EWAL ( ACTIVITY ON !IR P>T WILL BR+ LI<T TO ! D>KE/ M9DS1 & WILL COMPEL ! PLAC+ ( ! ,CON/ITUTION ( ,VALUE AT ! HEAD ( ! LI/ 9 ! PLAT=M = ! ELECTIONS ( #a#h#e#b4 

,?IS CON/ITUTION CAN RESULT1 AS ,I HAVE SAID1 ONLY FROM UNIV]SAL CONS5T FREELY OBTA9$ & FREELY EXPRESS$4 ,TO PREP>E = IT1 & TO BR+ IT AB\T ) ! LEA/ DELAY POSSIBLE1 IT WILL SUFFICE IF 9/RUCTIONS >E GIV5 ?R\< ! NEW ORGANIZATION ( REPRES5TATIVES TO ! ,/ATE & TO ! T[NS1 EA* TO ! EXT5T ( ITS AU?ORITY & TO ! LIMIT ( ITS RES\RCES1 TO ADVISE ) A C]TA9 NUMB] ( EMPLOY]S1 MA*9I/S1 MANUFACTUR]S1 F>M]S1 CATTLE RAIS]S1 COA*M51 MESS5G]S1 @&C41 @&C41 AB\T ! SUBMISSION ( BIDS UPON ! FOLL[+ BASIS3 

,! ,/ATE1 9 ! NAME ( ! 9T]E/S :I* IT PROVISIONALLY REPRES5TS1 & ! ,PROV9CES & ,T[NS1 9 ! NAME ( !IR RESPECTIVE 9HABITANTS1 DESIR+ TO ASSURE TO ALL FAIR PRICES & GOOD QUALITY ( PRODUCTS & S]VICES1 & TO PREV5T FRAUD1 MONOPOLY & 9CREASE1 (F] TO GU>ANTEE TO ! BIDD]S :O %ALL SUBMIT ! MO/ ADVANTAGE\S CONDITIONS1 EI!R 9T]E/ UPON ! CAPITAL & PLANT US$ 9 !IR BUS9ESS1 OR A FIX$ BONUS1 OR1 IF PRACTICABLE1 A SUFFICI5T VOLUME ( ORD]S4 

,BIDD]S WILL UND]TAKE TO RETURN TO FURNI% !IR PRODUCTS & S]VICES1 AS DESCRIB$ 9 !IR BIDS1 TO SATISFY ! NE$S ( CONSUM]S--FULL LATITUDE H[EV] TO BE ALL[$ = COMPETITION4 

,!Y MU/ /ATE ! BASIS ( !IR PRICES1 ! MODE ( DELIV]Y1 ! P]IOD ( !IR 5GAGEM5T1 & !IR MEANS ( EXECUTION4 

,SEAL$ BIDS HAV+ BE5 DEPOSIT$ )9 ! PRESCRIB$ P]IOD1 WILL BE =?) OP5$ & PUBLI%$ = A WEEK1 A =TNI<T1 A MON?1 ?REE MON?S1 ACCORD+ TO ! IMPORTANCE ( !IR SUBJECT1 BE=E AN AW>D IS MADE4 

,AT ! T]M9ATION ( EA* CONTRACT1 NEW BIDS WILL BE RECEIV$4 

,! CON/ITUTION ( ,VALUE IS ! CONTRACT ( CONTRACTS4 ,IT 9CLUDES ALL O!RS1 REALIZ+ ! IDEA :I* WE HAVE EXPLA9$ 9 ANO!R ESSAY1 ?AT ! SOCIAL CONTRACT %\LD 9CLUDE ALL P]SONS1 ALL 9T]E/S4 

,:51 BY ! LIQUIDATION ( DEBTS1 ! ORGANIZATION ( CR$IT1 ! DEPRIVATION ( ! P[] ( 9CREASE ( MONEY1 ! LIMITATION ( PROP]TY1 ! E/ABLI%M5T ( WORK+M5'S ASSOCIATIONS & ! USE ( A JU/ PRICE1 ! T5D5CY TO RAIS+ ( PRICES %ALL HAVE BE5 DEF9ITELY REPLAC$ BY A T5D5CY TO L[] !M1 & ! FLUCTUATIONS ( ! M>KET BY A NORMAL COMM]CIAL RATE2 :5 G5]AL CONS5T %ALL HAVE BR\<T ?IS GREAT AB\T-FACE ( ! SPH]E ( TRADE1 !N ,VALUE1 AT ONCE ! MO/ IDEAL & MO/ REAL ( ?+S1 MAY BE SAID TO HAVE BE5 CON/ITUT$1 & WILL EXPRESS AT ANY MOM5T1 = EV]Y K9D ( PRODUCT1 ! TRUE RELATION ( ,LABOR & ,WEAL?1 :ILE PRES]V+ ITS MOBILITY ?R\< ! ET]NAL PROGRESS ( 9DU/RY4 

,! CON/ITUTION ( ,VALUE SOLVES ! PROBLEM ( COMPETITION & ?AT ( ! RI<TS ( ,9V5TION2 AS ! ORGANIZATION ( WORKM5'S ASSOCIATIONS SOLVES ?AT ( COLLECTIVE =CE & ( ! DIVISION ( LABOR4 ,I CAN M]ELY 9DICATE AT ?IS MOM5T !SE CONSEQU5CES ( ! MA9 !OREM2 !IR DEVELOPM5T W\LD TAKE TOO MU* SPACE 9 A PHILOSOPHICAL REVIEW ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

#e4 ,=EIGN ,COMM]CE4 ,BALANCE ( ,IMPORTS & ,EXPORTS4 

,BY ! SUPPRESSION ( CU/OM H\SES1 ! ,REVOLUTION1 ACCORD+ TO !ORY1 & REG>DLESS ( ALL MILIT>Y & DIPLOMATIC 9FLU5CES1 WILL SPREAD FROM ,FRANCE ABROAD1 EXT5D OV] ,EUROPE1 & AFT]W>DS OV] ! WORLD4 

,TO SUPPRESS \R CU/OM H\SES IS 9 TRU? TO ORGANIZE =EIGN TRADE AS WE HAVE ORGANIZ$ DOME/IC TRADE2 IT IS TO PLACE ! C\NTRIES ) :I* WE TRADE ON EV5 T]MS ) \RSELVES 9 \R TRADE LEGISLATION2 IT IS TO 9TRODUCE AMONG !M ! CON/ITUTION ( ,VALUE & ( ,PROP]TY2 IT IS1 9 A WORD1 TO E/ABLI% ! SOLID>ITY ( ! ,REVOLUTION BETWE5 ! ,FR5* ,PEOPLE & ! RE/ ( ! HUMAN RACE1 BY MAK+ ! NEW SOCIAL COMPACT COMMON TO ALL NATIONS ?R\< ! P[] ( ,EX*ANGE4 

,I AM AB\T TO GIVE A GLIMPSE ( ?IS MOVEM5T 9 FEW WORDS4 

,= :AT 5D HAVE CU/OM H\SES BE5 E/ABLI%$8 

,= ! PROTECTION ( ! LABOR ( ! NATION4 

,9 :AT DOES ?IS PROTECTION CONSI/8 

,! ,/ATE1 :I* IS ! GU>DIAN ( ! PORTALS ( ! C\NTRY1 REQUIRES =EIGN M]*&ISE1 AT ITS 5TRANCE 9TO ,FRANCE1 TO PAY A GREAT] OR LESS TAX1 :I* RAISES ! PRICE & FAVORS ! SALE ( HOME PRODUCTS4 

,:Y NOT PREF] =EIGN PRODUCTS1 Y\ WILL ASK1 IF IT IS TRUE ?AT !Y >E *EAP] ?AN \R [N8 

,BECAUSE PRODUCTS CAN BE B\<T ONLY ) PRODUCTS2 & IF =EIGN COMPETITION %\LD CRU% \R 9DU/RY 9 ALL OR 9 ! GREAT] NUMB] ( DIRECTIONS1 IT W\LD COME TO PASS ?AT WE W\LD BE UNABLE TO BALANCE \R IMPORTS BY \R EXPORTS1 & W\LD HAVE TO PAY = !M ) MONEY1 &1 :5 \R MONEY WAS GONE1 TO BORR[ MONEY ABROAD1 &1 :AT IS WORSE1 PAY+ !M 9T]E/1 PR(IT & R5T4 

,SU* IS ! WISE & GOOD REASON = ! E/ABLI%M5T ( CU/OM H\SES4 ,ALL NATIONS UND]/& IT1 & ALL NATIONS PROTECT !MSELVES4 ,LET US NOT DISPUTE AS TO ! EFFICACY ( ! MEANS2 LET US TAKE IT = :AT IT IS MEANT TO BE1 ) ITS (FICIAL SIGNIFICANCE4 

,FROM ?IS DEF9ITION ( ! T>IFF IT FOLL[S ?AT IF IT PROTECTS ! PRODUC]1 IT IS NOT TO BE UND]/OOD AS MAK+ HIM AN EXPLOIT] & IDL] AMONG HIS FELL[ CITIZ5S2 BUT SIMPLY AS ASSUR+ HIM ( EMPLOYM5T1 & SAFEGU>D+ ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ! C\NTRY FROM =EIGN CONTROL4 ,IT IS ) ?IS 9T5TION ?AT ! T>IFF1 AS IT P]CEIVES ?AT AN 9DU/RY IS DEVELOP+ & MAK+ PR(ITS1 R$UCES ITS RATES & CALLS 9 =EIGN COMPETITION1 9 ORD] TO PROTECT ! 9T]E/S ( ! CONSUM] AS MU* AS ?OSE ( ! PRODUC]4 

,ONCE MORE1 LET US NOT ASK :E!R ALL !SE MEASURES :I* GOOD S5SE SUGGE/S P]=M ! S]VICE ?AT IS EXPECT$ ( !M2 :E!R !Y >E C>RI$ \T ) JU/ICE1 OR :E!R ANY IRREGUL>ITY SLIPS 94 ,! QUE/ION N[ IS NOT ONE ( MORALITY1 NOR ( ! CAPACITY ( ! ,/ATE TO ACT AS A PROTECTOR2 BUT SOLELY ( ! AIM ( ! 9/ITUTION1 & ( ! NECESSITY :I* REQUIRES IT4 

,!N1 AS !RE IS PROGRESS 9 EV]Y 9DU/RY1 A T5D5CY TO R$UCE ! CO/ ( PRODUCTION1 & ?US TO 9CREASE ! PR(ITS1 !RE %\LD ALSO BE A T5D5CY TO DIM9I% ! CU/OMS T>IFF4 

,! IDEAL ( ! SY/EM W\LD BE ?AT LABOR %\LD BE EV]Y:]E GU>ANTE$1 COMPETITION EV]Y:]E E/ABLI%$1 SALES EV]Y:]E ASSUR$1 & PRICES MA9TA9$ AT !IR L[E/4 ,SU* IS ! TRUE MEAN+ & 9T5TION ( ! T>IFF4 

,FROM :AT WE HAVE SAID 9 CONNECTION ) SOCIAL LIQUIDATION1 AS WELL AS 9 CONNECTION ) ! CON/ITUTION ( PROP]TY1 ! ORGANIZATION ( WORK+M5'S SOCIETIES & ! GU>ANTEE ( L[ PRICES1 IT FOLL[S ?AT IF ! *>GE = LOANS AT ! ,BANK %\LD DIM9I%1 IF ! 9T]E/ ON ! PUBLIC DEBT & UPON PRIVATE OBLIGATIONS W]E PROPORTIONALLY R$UC$1 IF !REUPON H\SE R5T & GR\ND R5T W]E L[]$ 9 LIKE PROPORTION1 IF A TABULATION W]E MADE ( VALUES & PROP]TIES1 @&C41 @&C41 ! CO/ PRICE ( ALL SORTS ( PRODUCTS W\LD DECREASE NOTABLY1 & 9 CONSEQU5CE ! T>IFF MI<T BE L[]$ TO ! ADVANTAGE ( ALL4 

,?AT W\LD BE A /EP 9 G5]AL PROGRESS SU* AS HAS NEV] YET BE5 SE51 BECAUSE A GOV]NM5T IS 9CAPABLE ( BR++ IT AB\T4 

,IF ?IS G5]AL MOVEM5T1 AS ,I HAVE MORE ?AN ONCE OBS]V$1 %\LD ONLY MAKE A BEG9N+1 IF ! T>IFF1 DRIV5 BY CR$IT1 %\LD MOVE ON ?IS L9E H[EV] LITTLE1 ! ANCI5T ORD] ( ?+S 9 ALL ?AT CONC]NS \R =EIGN RELATIONS W\LD BE SUDD5LY *ANG$1 & 9T]NATIONAL ECONOMICS W\LD 5T] UPON ! ROAD TO REVOLUTION4 

,9 ! MATT] ( ! T>IFF1 AS 9 EV]Y?+ ELSE1 ! /ATUS QUO1 9DICAT$ BY RIS+ PRICES1 IS REACTION2 PROGRESS1 9DICAT$ BY FALL+ PRICES1 IS ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,A FAM\S >I/OCRAT1 ,ROB]T ,PEEL1 UND]/OOD IT ?US1 & PUT IT ?US 9 PRACTICE2 %[+ HIMSELF AS F> FROM ! !ORIES ( ,COBD51 AS FROM ! SELFI%NESS ( ! PROP]TY HOLD]S4 ,! T>IFF RE=MS ( ,ROB]T ,PEEL HAD = !IR BASIS & PRELIM9>Y CONDITION ! SUP]ABUNDANCE & L[ PRICE ( CAPITAL 9 ,5GL&2 :ILE ) US ! FREE TRAD]S1 AID$ BY ! ,M\NTA9I/S1 >E ASK+ = ! ABOLITION ( ! T>IFF1 AS COMP5SATION ( ! NATIONAL CAPITAL1 :I* AM\NTS TO =EIGN 9VASION1 TO REPAIR \R DEFICI5CIES2 EXPLOITATION BY ,5GLI%1 ,SWISS1 ,DUT*1 ,AM]ICAN1 ,RUSSIAN CAPITALI/S1 TO HELP ! EMANCIPATION ( \R PROLET>IANS6 ,WE DID NOT NE$ ?IS EXAMPLE TO DISCOV] ?AT IF ! ,FR5* NATION IS SOLD \T TO ! =EIGN]1 IF ! ,REVOLUTION IS BETRAY$1 IF A CONSPIRACY IS ORGANIZ$ AGA9/ ,SOCIALISM1 IT HAS BE5 DONE *IEFLY BY ! ORGANS & REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,REPUBLICAN P>TY4 ,BUT WE MU/ P>DON !M3 !Y DO NOT KN[ ANY MORE :AT !Y >E DO+1 ?AN :AT !Y WANT4 

,AS = ME1 ,I1 :O OPPOSE ! FREE TRAD]S BECAUSE !Y FAVOR 9T]E/1 :ILE !Y DEM& ! ABOLITION ( T>IFFS1--,I %\LD FAVOR L[]+ ! T>IFF FROM ! MOM5T ?AT 9T]E/ FELL2 & IF 9T]E/ W]E DONE AWAY )1 OR EV5 L[]$ TO  #a_/#d  OR  #a_/#b  P]C5T1 ,I %\LD BE 9 FAVOR ( FREE TRADE4 

,I BELIEVE 9 FREE TRADE1 EV5 )\T RECIPROCITY1 AS A CONSEQU5CE ( ! ABOLITION ( 9T]E/1 NOT O!RWISE2 & H]E IS :AT ,I BASE MY OP9ION UPON4 

,IF TO-MORR[ ! ,BANK ( ,FRANCE %\LD R$UCE ! RATE ( DISC\NT TO  #a_/#b  P]C5T1 BO? 9T]E/ & COMMISSION 9CLUD$1 ! MANUFACTUR]S & DEAL]S ( ,P>IS & ( ! PROV9CES :O HAD NO ACC\NT ) ! ,BANK ( ,P>IS W\LD IMM$IATELY BE COMPELL$ TO OBTA9 NOTES ( ! ,BANK = !IR TRANSACTIONS1 S9CE ! NOTES W\LD CO/ ONLY  #a_/#b  P]C5T1 9/EAD ( #f1 #g1 #h OR #i P]C5T1 :I* MONEY W\LD CO/ AT PRIVATE BANK]S4 

,BUT IT W\LD NOT BE ,FR5* DEAL]S ONLY :O W\LD 5T] 9TO ?IS >RANGEM5T3 =EIGN DEAL]S W\LD JO9 9 ALSO4 ,AS ! NOTES ( ! ,BANK ( ,FRANCE W\LD CO/ ONLY  #a_/#b  P]C5T1 :ILE ?OSE ( O!R C\NTRIES CO/ T5 & TWELVE TIMES AS MU*1 ! =M] W\LD BE PREF]R$2 ALL ! WORLD W\LD TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ! USE ( ?IS MONEY 9 PAYM5TS4 

,9 ORD] TO OBTA9 A GREAT] QUANTITY ( !SE NOTES1 =EIGN PRODUC]S W\LD L[] ! PRICES ( !IR GOODS1 :I* W\LD 9CREASE ! QUANTITY ( \R IMPORTS4 ,BUT AS !SE NOTES C\LD NO LONG] BE US$ TO BUY BONDS1 S9CE WE HAVE LIQUIDAT$ ! NATIONAL DEBT1 NOR 9VE/$ 9 MORTAGES ON ! L&1 S9CE WE HAVE LIQUIDAT$ ALL MORTGAGES & *ANG$ ! =M ( PROP]TY2 AS PRODUCTS1 IT IS CLE> ?AT WE %\LD NO LONG] HAVE TO PROTECT \RSELVES AGA9/ IMPORTS2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 WE %\LD WELCOME !M4 ,! RELATION W\LD BE REV]S$3 WE %\LD NO LONG] NE$ TO R$UCE \R PUR*ASES1 BUT =EIGN]S W\LD HAVE TO BE C>EFUL NOT TO BUY TOO MU*4 

,H[ CAN A NATION REFUSE TO SELL8 ,SU* AN IDEA IS REPUGNANT3 ) ! UNIV]SAL DEVELOPM5T ( 9DU/RY1 & ! DIVISION ( LABOR AMONG NATIONS1 IT IMPLIES A CONTRADICTION4 

,TO REE/ABLI% ! BALANCE & TO PROTECT !MSELVES AGA9/ !SE TACTICS1 =EIGN]S W\LD BE OBLIG$ TO ABOLI% !IR [N CU/OM H\SES & TO RE=M !IR BANK+ SY/EMS1 TO CON/ITUTE VALUE1 TO EMANCIPATE !IR L[] CLASSES2 9 A WORD1 TO BR+ AB\T REVOLUTION4 ,FREE TRADE W\LD !N BECOME EQUAL EX*ANGE1 ! DIV]SITY ( 9T]E/S AMONG NATIONS W\LD GRADUALLY RESULT 9 UNITY ( 9T]E/1 & ! DAY W\LD DAWN :5 W> W\LD CEASE AMONG NATIONS1 AS W\LD LAWSUITS AMONG 9DIVIDUALS1 FROM LACK ( LITIGABLE MATT] & ABS5CE ( CAUSE = CONFLICT4 

,)\T EXCE$+ ! LIMITS :I* ,I HAVE BE5 OBLIG$ TO LAY D[N = MYSELF1 ,I CANNOT EXT5D ?IS EXPOSITION ( ! 9DU/RIAL ORGANISM1 ESPECIALLY ( ?AT :I* RELATES TO ! NEW PR9CIPLE ( ORD]1 ! FREE CONTRACT4 ,?OSE ( MY READ]S :O HAVE FOLL[$ = T5 YE>S PA/ ! C\RSE ( MY REVOLUTION>Y >GUM5T1 WILL EASILY FILL \T :AT IS MISS+4 ,9 RESUM+ ! S]IES ( ECONOMIC NEGATIONS1 !Y WILL HAVE NO DIFFICULTY 9 SEP>AT+ ! AFFIRMATIONS & D$UC+ ! SYN!SIS4 

,IT IS = REPUBLICAN JURISCONSULTS1 SU* M5 AS ,CREMIEUX1 ,MI*EL 7( ,B\RGES71 ,M>T9 7( ,/RASB\RG71 ,JULES ,FAVRE1 ,M>IE1 ,BE?MONT1 ,GREVY1 ,DUPONT 7( ,BUSSAC71 ,MADI] DE ,MONJAU1 ,DESM>E/1 ,M>C-,DUFRAISSE1 ,L$RU-,ROLL91 TO OP5 UP ?IS NEW PA? TO ! SPIRIT ( ! C5TURY1 BY DEVELOP+ ! REVOLUTION>Y =MULA RESULT+ FROM ! OPPOSITION ( ! ,SOCIAL ,CONTRACT TO ,GOV]NM5T4 ,LONG 5\< POLITICS HAS BE5 A /UMBL+ BLOCK = LEGAL LUM9>IES2 & IT IS NOT )\T GOOD REASON ?AT ! PEASANT & ! SOLDI]1 SEE+ ! POLITICIANS AT WORK1 D]IDE !IR ELOQU5CE & !IR PATRIOTISM4 ,:AT CAN !RE BE 9 COMMON BETWE5 ! MAN ( ,LAW & ! MAN ( ,=CE8 ,! REVIVAL ( DESPOTISM FIFTY-TWO YE>S AGO WAS M>K$ BY ! EXPULSION ( ! B>RI/]S2 & ) PROPRIETY4 ,! ,CON/ITUTION ( ! YE> ,V WAS A BAD CASE = LAWY]S4 ,AS SOON AS !Y ADMITT$ ! PR9CIPLE ( GOV]NM5T1 !Y HAD TO GIVE WAY TO ! REPRES5TATIVES ( M]E =CE2 LEGAL REASON+ HAS NO?+ TO DO ) ! EX]CISE ( AU?ORITY4 

,9 CONCLUD+ ?IS /UDY1 MAY ,I BE P]MITT$ A WORD 9 ANSW] TO ! REPROA* ( PRIDE :I* HAS SO (T5 & SO MI/AK5LY BE5 MADE ON ACC\NT ( ! MOTTO ,I PUT AT ! HEAD ( MY BOOK ON ,CONTRADICTIONS--,DE/RUAM ET A$IFICABO--,I DE/ROY & ,I WILL REBUILD4 

,?IS ANTI!SIS1 TAK5 FROM ,DEUT]ONOMY1 IS NO?+ BUT ! =MULA ( ! REVOLUTION>Y LAW :I* S]VES AS ! BASIS ( ! PRES5T ESSAY1 TO WIT1 ?AT EV]Y NEGATION IMPLIES AN AFFIRMATION1 & ?AT HE ONLY IS ! REAL REBUILD] :O IS FIR/ A REAL DE/ROY]4 

,FROM 3 FAIR-USE4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahe 3 ,/UDY #f -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #c#a1 #bag 3 ,/UDY #f -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/