,/UDY #g 
,ABSORPTION ( ,GOV]NM5T BY ! ,ECONOMIC ,ORGANISM 

#aheaahea 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON 

,TEXT 3 

#a4 ,SOCIETY )\T ,AU?ORITY4 

,GIV53 

,MAN1 ,! ,FAMILY1 ,SOCIETY4 

,AN 9DIVIDUAL1 SEXUAL & SOCIAL BE+1 5D[$ ) REASON1 LOVE & CONSCI5CE1 CAPABLE ( LE>N+ BY EXP]I5CE1 ( P]FECT+ HIMSELF BY REFLECTION1 & ( E>N+ HIS LIV+ BY WORK4 

,! PROBLEM IS TO SO ORGANIZE ! P[]S ( ?IS BE+1 ?AT HE MAY REMA9 ALWAYS AT PEACE ) HIMSELF1 & MAY EXTRACT FROM ,NATURE1 :I* IS GIV5 TO HIM1 ! L>GE/ POSSIBLE AM\NT ( WELL-BE+4 

,WE KN[ H[ PREVI\S G5]ATIONS HAVE SOLV$ IT4 

,!Y BORR[$ FROM ! ,FAMILY1 ! SECOND COMPON5T P>T ( ,HUMANITY1 ! PR9CIPLE :I* IS PROP] TO IT ALONE1 ,AU?ORITY1 & BY ! >BITR>Y USE ( ?IS PR9CIPLE1 !Y CON/RUCT$ AN >TIFICIAL SY/EM1 V>I$ ACCORD+ TO P]IODS & CLIMATES1 :I* HAS BE5 REG>D$ AS ! NATURAL ORD] & NECESS>Y = HUMANITY4 

,?IS SY/EM1 :I* MAY BE CALL$ ! SY/EM ( ORD] BY AU?ORITY1 WAS AT FIR/ DIVID$ 9TO SPIRITUAL & TEMPORAL AU?ORITY4 

,AFT] A %ORT P]IOD 9 :I* IT PREPOND]AT$1 & LONG C5TURIES ( /RUGGLE TO MA9TA9 ITS SUPREMACY1 SAC]DOTALISM SEEMS AT LA/ TO HAVE GIV5 UP ITS CLAIM TO TEMPORAL P[]3 ! ,PAPACY1 ) ALL ITS SOLDI]Y1 :I* ! ,JESUITS & LAY BRO!RS ( TO-DAY W\LD RE/ORE1 HAS BE5 CA/ \T & SET BEL[ MATT]S ( M]ELY HUMAN 9T]E/4 

,= TWO YE>S PA/ ! SPIRITUAL P[] HAS BE5 9 A WAY TO AGA9 SEIZE SUPREMACY4 ,IT HAS =M$ A COALITION ) SECUL> P[] AGA9/ ! ,REVOLUTION1 & B>GA9S ) IT UPON A FOOT+ ( EQUALITY4 ,BO? HAVE 5D$ BY RECOGNIZ+ !IR DIFF]5CES >OSE FROM A MISUND]/&+2 ?AT !IR AIM1 !IR PR9CIPLES1 !IR ME?ODS1 !IR DOGMAS1 BE+ ABSOLUTELY ID5TICAL1 ,GOV]NM5T %\LD BE %>$ BY !M2 OR RA!R1 ?AT !Y %\LD CONSID] !MSELVES ! COMPLETEM5TS ( EA* O!R1 & %\LD =M BY !IR UNION A ONE & 9DIVISIBLE ,AU?ORITY4 

,SU* AT LEA/ W\LD HAVE BE5 ! CONCLUSION :I* ,*UR* & ,/ATE W\LD HAVE P]HAPS REA*$1 IF ! LAWS ( ! PROGRESS ( ,HUMANITY R5D]$ SU* RECONCILIATIONS POSSIBLE2 IF ! ,REVOLUTION HAD NOT ALREADY M>K$ !IR LA/ H\R4 

,H[EV] ?AT MAY BE1 IT IS DESIRABLE1 9 ORD] TO CONV9CE ! M9D TO SET ALONGSIDE EA* O!R ! FUNDAM5TAL IDEAS (1 ON ! ONE H&1 ! POLITICO-RELIGI\S SY/EM 7,PHILOSOPHY1 :I* HAS = SO LONG DRAWN A L9E BETWE5 ! SPIRITUAL & ! TEMPORAL1 %\LD NO LONG] RECOGNIZE ANY DI/9CTION BETWE5 !M72 ON ! O!R H&1 ! ECONOMIC SY/EM4 

,GOV]NM5T1 !N1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ,*UR* & ,/ATE 9DIVISIBLY UNIT$1 HAS = ITS DOGMAS3 

,! ORIG9AL P]V]SITY ( HUMAN NATURE2 
,! 9EVITABLE 9EQUALITY ( =TUNES2 
,! P]MAN5CY ( QU>RELS & W>S2 
,! IRREM$IBILITY ( POV]TY4 

,:5CE IT IS D$UC$3 

,! NECESSITY ( GOV]NM5T1 ( OB$I5CE1 ( RESIGNATION1 & ( FAI?4 

,!SE PR9CIPLES ADMITT$1 AS !Y /ILL >E1 ALMO/ UNIV]SALLY1 ! =MS ( AU?ORITY >E ALREADY SETTL$4 ,!Y >E3 

 ,! DIVISION ( ! PEOPLE 9TO CLASSES OR CA/ES1 SUBORD9ATE TO ONE ANO!R2 GRADUAT$ TO =M A PYRAMID1 AT ! TOP ( :I* APPE>S1 LIKE ! ,DIV9ITY UPON HIS ALT>1 LIKE ! K+ UPON HIS ?RONE1 ,AU?ORITY2 
,ADM9I/RATIVE C5TRALIZATION2 
,JUDICIAL HI]>*Y2 
,POLICE2 
,WOR%IP4 

,ADD TO ! ABOVE1 9 C\NTRIES 9 :I* ! DEMOCRATIC PR9CIPLE HAS BECOME PREPOND]ANT3 

,! SEP>ATION ( P[]S2 
,! 9T]V5TION ( ! ,PEOPLE 9 ! ,GOV]NM5T1 BY VOTE = REPRES5TATIVES2 
,! 9NUM]ABLE V>IETIES ( ELECTORAL SY/EMS1 FROM ! ,CONVOCATION BY ,E/ATES1 :I* PREVAIL$ 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 D[N TO UNIV]SAL & DIRECT SUFFRAGE2 
,! DUALITY ( LEGISLATIVE *AMB]S2 
,VOT+ UPON LAWS1 & CONS5T TO TAXES BY ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! NATION2 
,! RULE ( MAJORITIES4 

,SU* IS BROADLY ! PLAN ( CON/RUCTION ( ,P[]1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! MODIFICATIONS :I* EA* ( ITS COMPON5T P>TY MAY RECEIVE2 AS1 = EXAMPLE1 ! C5TRAL ,P[]1 :I* MAY BE 9 TURN MON>*ICAL1 >I/OCRATIC OR DEMOCRATIC2 :I* ONCE FURNI%$ PUBLICI/S ) A GR\ND = CLASSIFICATION1 ACCORD+ TO SUP]FICIAL *>ACT]4 

,IT WILL BE OBS]V$ ?AT ! GOV]NM5TAL SY/EM T5DS TO BECOME MORE & MORE COMPLICAT$ )\T BECOM+ ON ?AT ACC\NT MORE EFFICI5T OR MORE MORAL1 & )\T (F]+ ANY MORE GU>ANTIES TO P]SON OR PROP]TY4 ,?IS COMPLICATION SPR+S FIR/ FROM LEGISLATION1 :I* IS ALWAYS 9COMPLETE & 9SUFFICI5T2 9 ! SECOND PLACE1 FROM ! MULTIPLICITY ( FUNCTION>IES2 BUT MO/ ( ALL1 FROM ! COMPROMISE BETWE5 ! TWO ANTAGONI/IC ELEM5TS1 ! EXECUTIVE 9ITIATIVE & POPUL> CONS5T4 ,IT HAS BE5 LEFT = \R EPO* TO E/ABLI% UNMI/AKABLY ?AT ?IS B>GA9+1 :I* ! PROGRESS ( C5TURIES R5D]S 9EVITABLE IS ! SURE/ 9DEX ( CORRUPTION1 ( DECAD5CE1 & ( ! APPROA*+ DISSOLUTION ( ,AU?ORITY4 

,:AT IS ! AIM ( ?IS ORGANIZATION8 

,TO MA9TA9 ORD] 9 SOCIETY1 BY CONSECRAT+ & SANCTIFY+ OB$I5CE ( ! CITIZ5 TO ! ,/ATE1 SUBORD9ATION ( ! POOR & TO ! RI*1 ( ! COMMON PEOPLE TO ! UPP] CLASS1 ( ! WORK] TO ! IDL]1 ( ! LAYMAN TO ! PRIE/1 ( ! BUS9ESS MAN TO ! SOLDI]4 

,AS F> BACK AS ! MEMORY ( HUMANITY EXT5DS1 IT IS F\ND TO HAVE BE5 ORGANIZ$ ON ! ABOVE SY/EM1 :I* CON/ITUTES ! POLITICAL1 ECCLESIA/ICAL OR GOV]NM5TAL ORD]4 ,EV]Y EF=T TO GIVE ,P[] A MORE LIB]AL APPE>ANCE1 MORE TOL]ANT1 MORE SOCIAL1 HAS 9V>IABLY FAIL$2 SU* EF=TS HAVE BE5 EV5 MORE FRUITLESS :5 !Y TRI$ TO GIVE ! ,PEOPLE A L>G] %>E 9 ,GOV]NM5T2 AS IF ! WORDS1 ,SOV]EIGNTY & ,PEOPLE1 :I* !Y 5DEAVOR$ TO YOKE TOGE!R1 W]E AS NATURALLY ANTAGONI/IC AS !SE O!R TWO WORDS1 ,LIB]TY & ,DESPOTISM4 

,HUMANITY HAS HAD TO LIVE1 & CIVILIZATION TO DEVELOP1 = SIX ?\S& YE>S1 UND] ?IS 9EXORABLE SY/EM1 ( :I* ! FIR/ T]M IS ,DESPAIR & ! LA/ ,DEA?4 ,:AT SECRET P[] HAS SU/A9$ IT8 ,:AT =CE HAS 5ABL$ IT TO SURVIVE8 ,:AT PR9CIPLES1 :AT IDEAS1 R5EW$ ! BLOOD ?AT FL[$ =? UND] ! PONI>D ( AU?ORITY1 ECCLESIA/ICAL & SECUL>8 

,?IS MY/]Y IS N[ EXPLA9$4 

,B5EA? ! GOV]NM5TAL MA*9]Y1 9 ! %AD[ ( POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS1 \T ( ! SI<T ( /ATESM5 & PRIE/S1 SOCIETY IS PRODUC+ ITS [N ORGANISM1 SL[LY & SIL5TLY2 & CON/RUCT+ A NEW ORD]1 ! EXPRESSION ( ITS VITALITY & AUTONOMY1 & ! D5IAL ( ! OLD POLITICS1 AS WELL AS ( ! OLD RELIGION4 

,?IS ORGANIZATION1 :I* IS AS ESS5TIAL TO SOCIETY AS IT IS 9COMPATIBLE ) ! PRES5T SY/EM1 HAS ! FOLL[+ PR9CIPLES3 

,! 9DEF9ITE P]FECTIBILITY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL & ( ! RACE2 

,! HONORABL5ESS ( WORK2 

,! EQUALITY ( =TUNES2 

,! ID5TITY ( 9T]E/S2 

,! 5D ( ANTAGONISMS2 

,! UNIV]SALITY ( COM=T2 

,! SOV]EIGNTY ( REASON2 

,! ABSOLUTE LIB]TY ( ! MAN & ( ! CITIZ54 

,I M5TION BEL[ ITS PR9CIPAL =MS ( ACTIVITY3 

,DIVISION ( LABOR1 ?R\< :I* CLASSIFICATION ( ! ,PEOPLE BY 9DU/RIES REPLACES CLASSIFICATION BY CA/E2 

,COLLECTIVE P[]1 ! PR9CIPLE ( WORKM5'S ASSOCIATIONS1 9 PLACE ( >MIES2 

,COMM]CE1 ! CONCRETE =M ( CONTRACT1 :I* TAKES ! PLACE ( ,LAW2 

,EQUALITY 9 EX*ANGE2 

,COMPETITION2 

,CR$IT1 :I* TURNS UPON 9T]E/S1 AS ! GOV]NM5TAL HI]>*Y TURNS UPON ,OB$I5CE2 

,! EQUILIBRIUM ( VALUES & ( PROP]TIES4 

,! OLD SY/EM1 /&+ ON ,AU?ORITY & ,FAI?1 WAS ESS5TIALLY BAS$ ON ,DIV9E ,RI<T4 ,! PR9CIPLE ( ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! ,PEOPLE1 9TRODUC$ LAT]1 DID NOT *ANGE ITS NATURE2 & IT IS A MI/AKE TO-DAY1 9 ! FACE ( ! CONCLUSIONS ( SCI5CE1 TO MA9TA9 A DI/9CTION :I* DOES NOT T\* UND]LY+ PR9CIPLES1 BETWE5 ABSOLUTE MON>*Y & CON/ITUTIONAL MON>*Y1 OR BETWE5 ! LATT] & ! DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC4 ,! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! ,PEOPLE HAS BE51 IS ,I MAY SAY SO1 = A C5TURY PA/1 BUT A SKIRMI%+ L9E = ,LIB]TY4 ,IT WAS EI!R AN ]ROR1 OR A CLEV] S*EME ( \R FA!RS TO MAKE ! SOV]EIGN PEOPLE 9 ! IMAGE ( ! K+-MAN3 AS ! ,REVOLUTION BECOMES BETT] UND]/OOD1 ?IS MY?OLOGY VANI%ES1 ALL TRACES ( GOV]NM5T DISAPPE> & FOLL[ ! PR9CIPLE ( GOV]NM5T ITSELF TO DISSOLUTION4 

,! NEW SY/EM1 BAS$ UPON ! SPONTANE\S PRACTICE ( 9DU/RY1 9 ACCORDANCE ) 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIAL REASON1 IS ! SY/EM ( ,HUMAN ,RI<T4 ,OPPOS$ TO >BITR>Y COMM&1 ESS5TIALLY OBJECTIVE1 IT P]MITS NEI!R P>TIES NOR SECTS2 IT IS COMPLETE 9 ITSELF1 & ALL[S NEI!R RE/RICTION NOR SEP>ATION4 

,!RE IS NO FUSION POSSIBLE BETWE5 ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC SY/EMS1 BETWE5 ! SY/EM ( LAWS & ! SY/EM ( CONTRACTS2 ONE OR ! O!R MU/ BE *OS54 ,! OX1 :ILE IT REMA9 AN OX1 CANNOT BE AN EAGLE1 NOR CAN ! BAT BE AT ! SAME TIME A SNAIL4 ,9 ! SAME WAY1 :ILE ,SOCIETY MA9TA9S ! SLI<TE/ DEGREE ( POLITICAL =M1 IT CANNOT BECOME ORGANIZ$ ACCORD+ TO ECONOMIC LAW4 ,H[ H>MONIZE LOCAL 9ITIATIVE ) ! PREPOND]ANCE ( A C5TRAL AU?ORITY1 OR UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE ) ! HI]>*Y ( (FICIALS2 ! PR9CIPLE ?AT NO ONE [ES OB$I5CE TO A LAW TO :I* HE HAS NOT HIMSELF CONS5T$1 ) ! RI<T ( MAJORITIES8 

,IF A WRIT] :O UND]/OOD !SE CONTRADICTIONS %\LD UND]TAKE TO RECONCILE !M1 IT W\LD PROVE HIM1 NOT A BOLD ?9K]1 BUT A WRET*$ *>LATAN4 

,?IS ABSOLUTE 9COMPATIBILITY ( ! TWO SY/EMS1 SO (T5 PROV$1 /ILL DOES NOT CONV9CE WRIT]S :O1 :ILE ADMITT+ ! DANG]S ( AU?ORITY1 NEV]!LESS HOLD TO IT1 AS ! SOLE MEANS ( MA9TA9+ ORD]1 & SEE NO?+ BESIDE IT BUT EMPTY DESOLATION4 ,LIKE ! SICK MAN 9 ! COM$Y1 :O IS TOLD ?AT ! FIR/ ?+ HE MU/ DO IS TO DIS*>GE HIS DOCTORS1 IF HE WANTS TO GET WELL1 !Y P]SI/ 9 ASK+ H[ CAN A MAN GET ALONG )\T A DOCTOR1 OR A SOCIETY )\T A GOV]NM5T4 ,!Y WILL MAKE ! GOV]NM5T AS REPUBLICAN1 AS B5EVOL5T1 AS EQUAL AS POSSIBLE2 !Y WILL SET UP ALL POSSIBLE GU>ANTIES AGA9/ IT2 !Y WILL BELITTLE IT1 ALMO/ ATTACK IT1 9 SUPPORT ( ! MAJE/Y ( ! CITIZ5S4 ,!Y TELL US3 ,Y\ >E ! GOV]NM5T6 ,Y\ %ALL GOV]N Y\RSELVES1 )\T PRESID5T1 )\T REPRES5TATIVES1 )\T DELEGATES4 ,:AT HAVE Y\ !N TO COMPLA9 AB\T8 ,BUT TO LIVE )\T GOV]NM5T1 TO ABOLI% ALL AU?ORITY1 ABSOLUTELY & UNRES]V$LY1 TO SET UP PURE AN>*Y1 SEEMS TO !M RIDICUL\S & 9CONCEIVABLE1 A PLOT AGA9/ ! ,REPUBLIC & AGA9/ ! NATION4 ,:AT WILL !SE PEOPLE :O TALK ( ABOLI%+ GOV]NM5T PUT 9 PLACE ( IT8 !Y ASK4 

,WE HAVE NO TR\BLE 9 ANSW]+4 

,IT IS 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION ?AT WE WILL PUT 9 PLACE ( GOV]NM5T1 AS WE HAVE JU/ %[N4 

,9 PLACE ( LAWS1 WE WILL PUT CONTRACTS4--,NO MORE LAWS VOT$ BY A MAJORITY1 NOR EV5 UNANIM\SLY2 EA* CITIZ51 EA* T[N1 EA* 9DU/RIAL UNION1 MAKES ITS [N LAWS4 

,9 PLACE ( POLITICAL P[]S1 WE WILL PUT ECONOMIC =CES4 

,9 PLACE ( ! ANCI5T CLASSES ( NOBLES1 BUR<]S1 & PEASANTS1 OR ( BUS9ESS M5 & WORK+ M51 WE WILL PUT ! G5]AL TITLES & SPECIAL DEP>TM5TS ( 9DU/RY3 ,AGRICULTURE1 ,MANUFACTURE1 ,COMM]CE1 @&C4 

,9 PLACE ( PUBLIC =CE1 WE WILL PUT COLLECTIVE =CE4 

,9 PLACE ( /&+ >MIES1 WE WILL PUT 9DU/RIAL ASSOCIATIONS4 

,9 PLACE ( POLICE1 WE WILL PUT ID5TITY ( 9T]E/S4 

,9 PLACE ( POLITICAL C5TRALIZATION1 WE WILL PUT ECONOMIC C5TRALIZATION4 

,DO Y\ SEE N[ H[ !RE CAN BE ORD] )\T FUNCTION>IES1 A PR(\ND & :OLLY 9TELLECTUAL UNITY8 

,Y\1 :O CANNOT CONCEIVE ( UNITY )\T A :OLE APP>ATUS ( LEGISLATORS1 PROSECUTORS1 ATTORNEYS-G5]AL1 CU/OM H\SE (FIC]S1 POLICEM51 Y\ HAVE NEV] KN[N :AT REAL UNITY IS6 ,:AT Y\ CALL UNITY & C5TRALIZATION IS NO?+ BUT P]PETUAL *AOS1 S]V+ AS A BASIS = 5DLESS TYRANNY2 IT IS ! ADVANC+ ( ! *AOTIC CONDITION ( SOCIAL =CES AS AN >GUM5T = DESPOTISM--A DESPOTISM :I* IS REALLY ! CAUSE ( ! *AOS4 

,WELL1 9 \R TURN1 LET US ASK1 :AT NE$ HAVE WE ( GOV]NM5T :5 WE HAVE MADE AN AGREEM5T8 ,DOES NOT ! ,NATIONAL ,BANK1 ) ITS V>I\S BRAN*ES1 A*IEVE C5TRALIZATION & UNITY8 ,DOES NOT ! AGREEM5T AMONG F>M LABOR]S = COMP5SATION1 M>KET+1 & REIMBURSEM5T = F>M PROP]TIES CREATE UNITY8 ,FROM ANO!R PO9T ( VIEW1 DO NOT ! 9DU/RIAL ASSOCIATIONS = C>RY+ ON ! L>GE-SCALE 9DU/RIES BR+ AB\T UNITY8 ,& ! CON/ITUTION ( VALUE1 ?AT CONTRACT ( CONTRACTS1 AS WE HAVE CALL$ IT1 IS NOT ?AT ! MO/ P]FECT & 9DISSOLUBLE UNITY8 

,& IF WE MU/ %[ Y\ AN EXAMPLE 9 \R [N HI/ORY 9 ORD] TO CONV9CE Y\1 DOES NOT ?AT FAIRE/ MONUM5T ( ! ,CONV5TION1 ! SY/EM ( WEI<TS & MEASURES1 =M1 = FIFTY YE>S PA/1 ! CORN]-/ONE ( ?AT ECONOMIC UNITY :I* IS DE/9$ TO REPLACE POLITICAL UNITY8 

,NEV] ASK AGA9 !N :AT WE WILL PUT 9 PLACE ( GOV]NM5T1 NOR :AT WILL BECOME ( SOCIETY )\T GOV]NM5T1 = ,I ASSURE Y\ ?AT 9 ! FUTURE IT WILL BE EASI] TO CONCEIVE ( SOCIETY )\T GOV]NM5T1 ?AN ( SOCIETY ) GOV]NM5T4 

,SOCIETY1 JU/ N[1 IS LIKE ! BUTT]FLY JU/ \T ( ! COCOON1 :I* %AKES ITS GILD$ W+S 9 ! SUNLI<T BE=E TAK+ FLI<T4 ,TELL IT TO CRAWL BACK 9TO ! SILK5 COV]+1 TO %UN ! FL[]S & TO HIDE ITSELF FROM ! LI<T6 

,BUT A REVOLUTION IS NOT MADE ) =MULAS4 ,PREJUDICE MU/ BE ATTACK$ AT ! F\NDATION1 OV]?R[N1 HURL$ 9TO DU/1 ITS 9JURI\S EFFECTS EXPLA9$1 ITS RIDICUL\S & ODI\S NATURE %[N =?4 ,MANK9D BELIEVES ONLY 9 ITS [N TE/S1 HAPPY IF !SE TE/S DO NOT ADDLE ITS BRA9S & DRA9 ITS BLOOD4 ,LET US TRY !N BY CLE> CRITICISM TO MAKE ! TE/ ( GOV]NM5T SO CONCLUSIVE1 ?AT ! ABSURDITY ( ! 9/ITUTION WILL /RIKE ALL M9DS1 & ,AN>*Y1 DREAD$ AS A SC\RGE1 WILL BE ACCEPT$ AS A B5EFIT4 

#b4 ,ELIM9ATION ( ,GOV]NM5TAL ,FUNCTIONS -- ,WOR%IP4 

,! OLD REVOLUTION DID NOT ATTACK PUBLIC WOR%IP3 IT WAS CONT5T ) ?REAT5+ IT3 A D\BLE ]ROR1 :I* HAS BE5 REPEAT$ 9 \R DAY1 & :I* IS EXPLA9$1 ON BO? OCCASIONS1 AS A SURVIV+ DESIRE = RECONCILIATION BETWE5 ! P[]S1 TEMPORAL & SPIRITUAL4 

,!RE LURKS ! 5EMY NEV]!LESS4 ,GOD & ,K+1 ,*UR* & ,/ATE2 !SE HAVE EV] BE5 ! S\L & BODY ( CONS]VATISM4 ,! TRIUMPH ( LIB]TY 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES LAY 9 SEP>AT+ !M1 & EV5 9 ACCEPT+ !IR SEP>ATION AS A PR9CIPLE1 %[+ ! /UPIDITY ( BO?4 ,N[ADAYS WE CAN CONFESS IT )\T DANG]2 BUT PHILOSOPHICALLY ?IS SEP>ATION IS 9ADMISSIBLE4 ,HE :O D5IES ! K+1 D5IES HIS ,GOD1 & VISE V]SA2 H>DLY ANYBODY BUT ! REPUBLICANS ( YE/]DAY REFUSES TO UND]/& ?IS4 ,BUT LET US GRANT ?IS COMPLIM5T TO \R 5EMIES1 ! ,JESUITS KN[ IT2 = :ILE1 S9CE '#h#i1 REAL REVOLUTION>IES HAVE NOT CEAS$ TO COMBAT BO? ! ,*UR* & ! ,/ATE1 & TO >RAY !M AGA9/ EA* O!R1 ! ,HOLY ,CONGREGATION HAS ALWAYS HAD IT 9 M9D TO REUNITE !M1 AS IF FAI? C\LD REJO9 :AT REASON HAS SEP>AT$4 

,ROBESPI]RE WAS ! FIR/ :O 9 #a#g#i#d1 GAVE ! SIGNAL = ! RETURN TO ,GOD BY SOCIETY4 ,?IS DESPICABLE RHETORICIAN1 9 :OM ! S\L ( ,CALV9 SEEM$ TO BE BORN AGA91 & :OSE VIRTUE HAS DONE US MORE H>M ?AN ALL ! VISES ( ! ,MIRABEAUS1 ! ,DUM\RIEZS1 ! ,DANTONS1 ! ,B>RAS1 PUT TOGE!R1 HAD ALL HIS LIFE BUT ONE ?\<T1 ! RE/ORATION ( ,P[] & ( ,WOR%IP4 ,HE PREP>$ QUIETLY = ?IS GREAT WORK1 SOMETIMES BY S5D+ TO ! GUILLOT9E UN=TUNATE A!I/S OR H>MLESS ,AN>*I/S1 SOMETIMES BY GIV+ S]5ADES TO ! ,SUPREME ,BE+1 & TEA*+ ! PEOPLE ! CATE*ISM ( AU?ORITY4 ,HE DES]V$ :AT ! ,EMP]OR1 :O UND]/OOD HIM1 SAID AB\T HIM3 ,?AT MAN HAS MORE ME?OD ?AN Y\ ?9K6 ,ROBESPI]RE'S ME?OD WAS SIMPLY TO REE/ABLI% AU?ORITY BY RELIGION & RELIGION BY AU?ORITY4 ,EI<T YE>S BE=E ! ,FIR/ ,CONSULATE1 ,ROBESPI]RE1 CELEBRAT+ AUTO-DA-FE'S ,TO ! ,GLORY ( ! ,GREAT ,>*ITECT ( ! ,UNIV]SE1 REOP5$ ! *UR*ES & PAV$ ! WAY = ! ,CONCORDAT4 ,BONAP>TE ONLY REVIV$ ! POLITICS ( ! PONTIFF ( ,PRAIRIAL4 ,BUT AS ! ,VICTOR ( ,>COLA HAD LITTLE FAI? 9 ! EFFICACY ( ,MASONIC DOGMAS1 & BESIDES1 DID NOT FEEL ?AT HE WAS /RONG 5\< TO F\ND A NEW RELIGION1 LIKE ,MAHOMET1 HE CONF9$ HIMSELF TO REE/ABLI%+ ! OLD2 &1 ) ?IS OBJECT1 MADE A TREATY ) ! ,POPE4 

,FROM ?AT TIME ! =TUNES ( ! ,*UR* W]E RE/OR$3 ITS ACQUISITIONS1 ITS 5CROA*M5TS1 ITS 9FLU5CE ADVANC$ AT ! SAME PACE AS DID ! USURPATIONS ( P[]4 ,?AT WAS NATURAL3 RELIGION IS UNQUE/IONABLY ! OLDE/ MANIFE/ATION ( GOV]NM5T & ! HI<WAY = AU?ORITY4 ,F9ALLY1 ! ,REVOLUTION ( ,FEBRU>Y RAIS$ ! PRIDE ( PRET5SIONS ( ! CL]GY TO ! HI<E/ PO9T4 ,C]TA9 DISCIPLES ( ,ROBESPI]RE1 FOLL[+ ! EXAMPLE ( !IR MA/]1 9VOK$ HIS B5$ICTION ( ,GOD UPON ! ,REPUBLIC1 & H&$ IT OV]1 = ! SECOND TIME1 TO ! PRIE/S4 ,DESPITE ! MURMURS ( ! PUBLIC CONSCI5CE1 ONE DOES NOT KN[ TO-DAY :E!R ! ,JESUITS OR ! ,REPRES5TATIVES HAVE MO/ 9FLU5CE4 

,NEV]!LESS ,CA?OLICISM MU/ SUBMIT3 ! SUPREME WORK ( ! ,REVOLUTION 9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY IS TO DO AWAY ) IT4 

,I SAY ?IS1 NOT 9 A SPIRIT ( 9CR$ULITY NOR ( MALICE3 ,I WAS NEV] A MOCK]1 & ,I HATE NO ONE4 ,I M]ELY EXPRESS A LOGICAL CONCLUSION4 ,S9CE ! SUBJECT P]MITS1 ,I WILL EV5 MAKE A PR$ICTION4 ,EV]Y?+ IS 9 ONE CONSPIRACY AGA9/ ! PRIE/1 EV5 ,M4 ,F\CAULT'S P5DULUM4 ,UNLESS CONS]VATISM SUCCE$S 9 REHABILITAT+ SOCIETY FROM BOTTOM TO TOP1 9 ITS BODY1 ITS S\L1 ITS IDEAS1 ITS T5D5CIES1 ,*RI/IANITY HAS NOT TW5TY-FIVE YE>S TO LIVE4 ,P]HAPS 9 HALF A C5TURY ! PRIE/ WILL BE *AS$ \T ( HIS PR(ESSION AS A SW9DL]4 

,M4 ,ODILON ,B>ROT DISCLAIM$ HAV+ SAID ?AT ! LAW 9 ,FRANCE WAS A!I/IC3 HE GAVE A DIFF]5T TURN TO HIS ?\<T4 ,M4 ,ODILON ,B>ROT MADE A MI/AKE 9 RETRACT+3 A!ISM IS ! FIR/ >TICLE ( \R LAW4 ,AS SOON AS ! ,/ATE FAILS TO OP5LY ACCEPT A DOCTR9E1 IT HAS NO LONG] ANY FAI?3 IT D5IES ,GOD & RELIGION4 ,I KN[ ?AT IT IS A CONTRADICTION ?AT ?IS %\LD BE SO2 BUT IT IS SO1 DESPITE ! CONTRADICTION2 & ?AT IT %\LD BE SO IS NOT ! LEA/ ( ! TRIUMPHS ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,RELIGION CANNOT EXI/ AS M]E VAGUE & 9DEF9ITE S5TIM5T ( PIETY3 IT IS POSITIVE1 DOGMATIC1 DEF9ITE1 OR IT IS NO?+4 ,?AT IS :Y ,JEAN-,JACQUES ,R\SSEAU1 ,B]NAD9E DE ,/4 ,PI]RE1 ,JACOBI1 NO MATT] :AT !Y SAY1 >E AS MU* A!I/S AS ,HEGEL1 ,KANT1 & ,SP9OZA4 ,IS NOT ?IS 9DIFF]5CE A!ISM1 OR BETT]1 ANTI-!ISM1 :I* CAUSES US TO PROTECT EQUALLY BO? ,JEW & ,*RI/IAN1 ,MAHOMETAN1 ,GREEK ,CA?OLIC1 ,PAPI/1 & ,PROTE/ANT8 ,IS NOT ?IS PHILOSOPHIC SPIRIT A!ISM1 & ! MO/ REF9$ A!ISM1 :I* CONSID]S FACTS BY !MSELVES1 9 !IR EVOLUTION1 !IR S]IES1 !IR RELATIONS1 )\T GIV+ A ?\<T TO A FIR/ PR9CIPLE1 OR TO ! CAUSE ( CAUSES8 ,IF ONE MAY JO9 TWO SU* WORDS1 IS IT NOT A!I/IC !OLOGY1 ?IS RATIONAL CRITICISM1 :I* CLASSES IDEAS ( CAUSE1 SUB/ANCE1 SPIRIT1 GOD1 FUTURE LIFE1 @&C41 @&C41 AS =MS ( \R UND]/&+1 OR SYMBOLS ( \R CONSCI\SNESS2 & :I* CONSEQU5TLY EXPLA9S 9 A WAY ?AT COMPELS \R ASS5T1 ALL RELIGI\S MANIFE/ATIONS1 !OLOGIES & !OGONIES1 AS ! UNFOLD+ ( CONCEPTS8 

,WE ASK 9 VA9 :AT SPH]E 9 ?IS WORLD CAN BE F\ND = A RELIGION ( :I* ! DOCTR9ES >E ALL DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ TO ! MO/ LEGITIMATE & APPROV$ T5D5CIES ( SOCIETY1 ( :I* ! MORALITY IS F\ND$ UPON EXPIATION1 ABSOLUTELY AT V>IANCE ) \R IDEAS ( LIB]TY1 EQUALITY1 P]FECTIBILITY1 & HAPP9ESS2 ( :I* ! REVELATIONS1 LONG S9CE PROV$ FALSE1 W\LD BE B5EA? CONTEMPT1 W]E IT NOT ?AT PHILOSOPHY1 9 EXPLA9+ !IR LEG5D>Y ORIG91 %[S US ! PRIMITIVE =M ( ! 9TUITIVE IDEAS ( ! HUMAN M9D4 ,9 VA9 WE SEEK A REASON = PUBLIC WOR%IP1 A FUNCTION = ! PRIE/1 A PRETEXT = ! FAI?3 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO OBTA9 ANY ANSW]1 H[EV] SLI<TLY FAVORABLE1 UNLESS WE VOLUNT>ILY BL9D \RSELVES4 ,C]TA9LY RELIGION W\LD LONG AGO HAVE BE5 NO?+ 9 SOCIETY1 NO?+ EV5 9 \R PRIVATE CONSCI5CES1 IF \R TOL]ANCE HAD NOT BE5 GREAT] ?AN \R BELIEF1 IF \R PRACTICE HAD NOT BE5 BROAD] ?AN \R REASON4 ,PUBLIC WOR%IP ANTAGONIZES \R IDEAS1 \R MORALS1 \R LAWS1 \R NATURE3 IT W\LD HAVE BE5 DONE AWAY )1 IF ! FIR/ ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 :I* ORD]$ ! SALE ( ! PROP]TY ( ! CL]GY1 HAD NOT1 BY AN 9COMPREH5SIBLE SCRUPLE1 CONCEIV$ ITSELF UND] OBLIGATION TO P5SION !M AS COMP5SATION4 

,:AT SUPPORTS ! ,*UR* AMONG US1 OR RA!R :AT S]VES AS A PRETEXT = KEEP+ IT1 IS ! C[>DICE ( SELF-/YL$ REPUBLICANS1 :O >E ALMO/ ALL ( ! RELIGION ( ! ,SAVOY>D VIC>4 ,LIKE ! ,ABYSS9IANS1 ( :OM ,DOCTOR ,AUB]T TOLD ME1 :O1 :5 !Y >E TR\BL$ ) TAPE-WORM1 GET RID ( A PORTION1 BUT >E C>EFUL TO RETA9 ! HEAD1 \R DEI/S CUT (F FROM RELIGION :ATEV] DISCOMMODES OR %OCKS !M3 !Y W\LD NOT = ! WORLD UPSET ! PR9CIPLE ( RELIGION1 ! ET]NAL S\RCE ( SUP]/ITION1 ROBB]Y1 & TYRANNY4 ,NO WOR%IP1 NO MY/]IES1 NO REVELATIONS2 ?AT SUITS !M WELL 5\<4 ,BUT DON'T T\* !IR ,GOD3 !Y W\LD ACCUSE Y\ ( P>RICIDE4 ,SO SUP]/ITION1 USURPATION1 PAUP]ISM1 GR[ AGA9 UNCEAS+LY1 LIKE ! LIKES ( ! TAPE-WORM4 ,& SU* PEOPLE PRET5D TO GOV]N ! ,REPUBLIC6 ,G5]AL ,CAVAIGNAC1 :OSE REMNANT ( PIETY (F]$ TO ! ,POPE ! HOSPITALITY ( ! NATION1 IS A C&IDATE = ! ,PRESID5CY6 ,W\LD Y\ GIVE Y\R DAU<T] TO A MAN :O C>RIES SU* A MON/] 9 HIS BOSOM8 

,MORE ?AN EI<TE5 C5TURIES AGO A MAN TRI$1 AS WE >E TRY+ TO-DAY1 TO REG5]ATE HUMANITY4 ,9 ! SANCTITY ( HIS LIFE1 9 HIS PRODIGI\S 9TELLIG5CE1 9 HIS BUR/S ( 9DIGNATION1 ! ,G5IUS ( ,REVOLUTIONS1 ! ,ADV]S>Y ( ! ,ET]NAL1 ?\<T ?AT HE RECOGNIZ$ A SON4 ,HE APPE>$ TO HIM & SAID1 :ILE PO9T+ TO ALL ! K+DOMS ( ! E>?3 ,ALL !SE ,I WILL GIVE !E1 IF ?\ WILT RECOGNIZE ME AS ?Y FA!R & ADORE ME4 ,NO1 REPLI$ ! ,NAZ>5E1 ,I ADORE ,GOD & S]VE HIM ONLY4 ,! ILLOGICAL RE=M] WAS CRUCIFI$4 ,AFT] HIM AGA9 CAME ,PH>ISEES1 PUBLICANS1 PRIE/S1 & K+S1 MORE OPPRESSIVE1 MORE RAPACI\S1 MORE 9FAM\S ?AN EV]2 & ! ,REVOLUTION1 TW5TY TIMES BEGUN1 TW5TY TIMES AB&ON$1 /ILL REMA9S 9 D\BT4 ,AID ME1 ,LUCIF]1 ,SATAN1 :OEV] Y\ >E1 DEMON OPPOS$ TO ,GOD ACCORD+ TO ! FAI? ( MY FA!RS6 ,I WILL SPEAK = Y\2 & ,I ASK NO?+ FROM Y\4 

,I KN[ V]Y WELL ?AT IT IS ) RELIGION AS IT IS ) ! ,/ATE1 ?AT IT DOES NOT SUFFICE TO %[ ITS EMPT9ESS & 9CAPACITY2 ?AT WE MU/ (F] SOME?+ TO FILL ! PLACE LEFT VACANT BY IT4 ,I KN[ ?AT !Y :O ASK :AT WE (F] 9 PLACE ( GOV]NM5T WILL NOT FAIL TO ASK :AT WE WILL GIVE 9 PLACE ( ,GOD4 

,I DO NOT DRAW BACK 9 ! FACE ( ANY DIFFICULTY4 ,I EV5 ADMIT ) S9C]E CONVICTION1 :AT ! A!I/S ( =M] DAYS DID NOT ADMIT1 ?AT SU* %\LD BE ! TASK ( PHILOSOPHY4 ,I GRANT ?AT1 JU/ AS IT DOES NOT SUFFICE TO DO AWAY ) GOV]NM5T1 )\T REPLAC+ IT ) SOME?+ ELSE1 SO WE CANNOT 5TIRELY DISLODGE ,GOD1 )\T %[+ ! UNKN[N :I* IS TO SUCCE$ HIM 9 ! ORD] ( HUMAN CONCEPTIONS & SOCIAL DEVELOPM5TS4 

,)\T ATTEMPT+ AT PRES5T TO CONC]N MYSELF ) ?IS SUB/ITUTION1 :O DOES NOT SEE ?AT IT W\LD ALREADY BE WELL ADVANC$1 IF ! !ORETICAL & PRACTICAL 9SUFFICI5CY ( ! DIV9E PR9CIPLE1 IF ITS ECONOMIC UNFITNESS1 IF ITS 9COMPATIBILITY ) ! PRES5T REVOLUTION HAD BECOME PLA9 TO EV]YBODY8 ,:O DOES NOT SEE ?AT ! NEW !SIS W\LD BE COMPREH5D$ SO MU* ! BETT] & SO MU* ! MORE QUICKLY1 AS ITS ANALOG %\LD BE G5]ALLY UND]/OOD2 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ?AT ! !ORY ( FREE CONTRACT1 :I* TAKES ! PLACE ( ! GOV]NM5TAL !ORY1 %\LD ! SOON] BECOME COMMON PROP]TY1 & CONSEQU5TLY ! NECESSITY ( ! FOLL[+ EQUATION R5D]$ MORE /RIK+3 ,! ,SUPREME ,BE+ IS TO ,X AS ! GOV]NM5TAL SY/EM IS TO ! 9DU/RIAL SY/EM4 ,AS EV]Y NEGATION 9 SOCIETY IMPLIES A SUBSEQU5T AFFIRMATION1 ! CONTR>Y ALSO OBTA9S1 & EV]Y AFFIRMATION IMPLIES A PRELIM9>Y ELIM9ATION4 ,DO Y\ WANT TO BR+ D[N ! NEW PR9CIPLE1 CALL$ BY ! ,SOCIALI/S ( EV]Y AGE1 & ANN\NC$ BY ,JESUS ,*RI/ HIMSELF UND] ! NAME ( ! ,P>ACLETE8 ,BEG9 BY S5D+ ! ,ET]NAL ,FA!R BACK TO HEAV54 ,HIS PRES5CE AMONG US HOLDS BY BUT A S+LE ?READ1 ! BUDGET4 ,CUT ?AT ?READ1 & Y\ WILL F9D \T :AT ! ,REVOLUTION %\LD PUT 9 PLACE ( ,GOD4 

,MOREOV] ,I CANNOT UND]/& ! DELICACY ( C]TA9 DEMOCRATS 9 MATT]S ?AT T\* ! ECCLESIA/ICAL BUDGET4 ,! EXAMPLE ( ! OLD ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY P>ALYZES !M4 ,! CIVIL LI/ ( ! CL]GY WAS E/ABLI%$ 9 #a#g#i#i1 !Y ?9K1 TO REPLACE ! ,*UR* PROP]TY1 :I* WAS TO PAY = ! NE$S ( ! NATION4 ,W\LD IT NOT BE CONFISCATION TO ABOLI% ! ECCLESIA/ICAL BUDGET8 

,!RE IS A MISUND]/&+ H]E :I* IT IS DESIRABLE TO CLE> UP2 NOT ONLY ON ACC\NT ( ! 9TRIGU]S :O MAKE USE ( IT1 BUT ABOVE ALL = ! SAKE ( ! TIMOR\S S\LS :O >E MISL$ BY IT4 

,DUR+ ! C5TURIES ( FAI?1 :5 !RE WAS NEI!R C5TRALIZ$ GOV]NM5T NOR BUDGET1 :5 MONEY WAS SC>CE1 & ! ONLY GU>ANTEE ( A LIV+ WAS IMMOVABLE PROP]TY1 ! PRIE/S RECEIV$ !IR PROP]TY FROM ! PIETY ( ! FAI?FUL1 NOT AS M]E 9DIVIDUALS1 BUT AS ! M9I/]S ( PUBLIC WOR%IP4 ,IT WAS ! RELIGI\S 9/ITUTION ?AT WAS 5D[$2 ! SAC]DOTAL BODY WAS BUT A USUFRUCTU>Y4 ,?IS USUFRUCT IT NATURALLY \<T TO LOSE1 :5 PUBLIC F9ANCES P]MITT$ ! CO/ ( PUBLIC S]VICES TO BE O!RWISE DEFRAY$1 OR :5 ! 5D[M5T BECAME PURPOSELESS1 ! RELIGI\S 9/ITUTION BE+ AB\T TO P]I%4 ,9 '#h#i1 IT WAS ) ! ,*UR* AS ) ! SECUL> P[]3 IT HAD BECOME CORRUPT1 & FAI? 9 IT WAS %AK54 ,! PIETY ( ! PEOPLE1 :O ?\<T ?AT !Y C\LD PUR*ASE HEAV51 5RI*$ A MULTITUDE ( DO-NO?+S4 ,! SOV]EIGN1 WILL+ TO MEET ! WI%ES ( ?OSE :O GAVE1 BUT NOT DESIR+ TO 5T] 9TO ! QUE/ION ( ! UTILITY OR 9UTILITY ( RELIGION AT ! MOM5T1 DECID$ ?AT ! REV5UE ( ! ,*UR* 9 FUTURE %\LD BE 9 PROPORTION TO S]VICES R5D]$2 ?AT ONLY ?OSE AMONG ! CL]GY :O P]=M$ P>O*IAL FUNCTIONS %\LD BE REMUN]AT$4 ,C]TA9LY ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY W\LD HAVE DONE RI<T TO %[ ITSELF MORE RIGOR\S4 ,! ,*UR*1 HAV+ PUT ITSELF \TSIDE ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 AS IT HAS DONE S9CE #a#h#d#h1 !RE W]E GOOD GR\NDS TO TAKE FROM IT BO? ITS PROP]TY & ITS /IP5DS4 ,F> FROM 9DEMNIFY+ ! CL]GY1 IT W\LD HAVE BE5 BUT JU/ TO SUE IT = DAMAGES = ITS UND]H& OPPOSITION TO ! REVOLUTION4 ,! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY TRAT$ IT ) MOD]ATION1 HOLD+1 ?\< MI/AK5LY1 ?AT PUBLIC WOR%IP WAS /ILL A NECESS>Y 9/ITUTION4 ,IT NE$$ IT = ITS [N GOV]NM5T4 

,WE >E IMPELL$ TO SAY MOR BY ! PROGRESS ( ?\<T :I* TOOK PLACE :5 PUBLIC FEEL+ HAD BE5 CALM$1 & BY ! MORE & MORE OP5LY DECL>$ HO/ILITY ( A SAC]DOTALISM :I* P]MITS NEI!R PHILOSOPHIC REASON+1 NOR POLITICAL FRE$OM1 NOR SOCIAL PROGRESS2 :I* KN[S ONLY ALMS-GIV+ AS AN ALLEVIATION ( POV]TY1 !REBY ADD+ 9SULT BY ,PROVID5CE TO 9JURY BY ,H>D ,LUCK2 A SAC]DOTALISM :I* IS DE/ROY$ BY ! DIFFUSION ( SCI5CE & ! 9CREASE ( PROSP]ITY4 

,I GRANT ?AT WOR%IP %\LD BE FREE1 & ?AT HE :O S]VES AT ! ALT> %\LD LIVE FROM ! ALT>4 ,BUT ,I ADD ?AT TO DO EXACT JU/ICE1 ! P>TICIPANTS 9 ! SACRIFICE %\LD PAY ! SACRIFICIAL PRIE/4 ,:5 ! TAX = PUBLIC WOR%IP %ALL HAVE BE5 REMITT$1 & ! #h MILLION DOLL>S :I* IT REQUIRES %ALL HAVE BE5 D$UCT$ FROM ! T[N%IP ASSESSM5TS1 & :5 P]PETUAL & 9ALI5ABLE 5D[M5TS %ALL HAVE BE5 PROHIBIT$1 & ! ACQUISITIONS MADE BY ! CL]ICAL BODY S9CE #a<i SEQUE/RAT$1 ORD] WILL AGA9 PREVAIL4 ,! T[N%IPS1 P]HAPS1 OR RELIGI\S ASSOCIATIONS1 WILL PROVIDE = !IR PRIE/S AS !Y *OOSE4 ,:Y %\LD ! ,/ATE BE ! BANK] = ! T[NS 9 RESPECT TO ! CL]GY8 ,:Y 9T]F]E BETWE5 PA/ORS & !IR P>I%ION]S8 ,DOES ! ,GOV]NM5T TAKE ACC\NT ( PI\S WORKS2 DOES IT CONC]N ITSELF AB\T HOLY IMAGES1 AB\T ! HE>T ( ,M>Y1 AB\T ! HOLY SACRAM5T2 DOES IT NE$ MASSES & ,TE ,DEUMS8 

,IF PUBLIC WOR%IP REALLY HAS ANY MAT]IAL OR MORAL VALUE2 IF IT IS A S]VICE ?AT ! PUBLIC NE$S & DEM&S2 ,I HAVE NO OBJECTION4 ,LET IT ALONE1 LET IT GO4 ,LET PUBLIC WOR%IP1 LIKE 9DU/RY1 BE FREE4 ,I ONLY M5TION ?AT TRAFFIC 9 HOLY ?+S1 LIKE ANY O!R TRAFFIC1 %\LD BE SUBJECT TO DEM& & SUPPLY1 & NOT BE CODDL$ & SUBSIDIZ$ BY ! ,/ATE2 ?AT IT IS A MATT] ( EX*ANGE1 NOT ( GOV]NM5T4 ,9 ?IS1 AS 9 EV]Y?+ ELSE1 ! FREE CONTRACT %\LD BE ! SUPREME LAW4 ,IT IS ALL RI<T ?AT EA* ONE %\LD PAY TO BE BAPTIZ$1 TO BE M>RI$1 TO BE BURI$4 ,LET !M :O W\LD ADORE ASSESS !MSELVES = ! CO/ ( !IR ADORATIONS1 NO?+ IS MORE JU/4 ,! RI<T TO ASSEMBLE = PRAY] IS EQUAL TO ! RI<T TO ASSEMBLE TO TALK POLITICS OR ECONOMICS2 ! ORATORY1 AS WELL AS ! CLUB1 IS 9VIOLABLE4 

,BUT TALK NO MORE TO US ( ! RELIGION ( ! ,/ATE1 NOR ( ! RELIGION ( ! MAJORITY1 NOR ( SAL>I$ ,PUBLIC ,WOR%IP1 NOR ( ! NEO-,*RI/IAN ,REPUBLIC4 ,!SE >E SO MANY APO/ASIES FROM REASON & RI<T3 ! ,REVOLUTION CANNOT COMP\ND ) ,DIV9ITY4 ,ABOVE ALL1 PROP\ND TO ! PEOPLE NO MORE QUE/IONS SU* AS ! FOLL[+1 UND] ! PRETEXT ( DIRECT LEGISLATION2 TO :I* ,I AM SURE !Y WILL ANSW] BY A ?UND]+ ,YES1 & ! MO/ CONSCI5TI\S ,YES 9 ! WORLD3 

,%ALL ,GOD BE RECOGNIZ$8 

,%ALL !RE BE A ,RELIGION8 

,%ALL ?IS ,RELIGION BE ADM9I/]$ BY PRIE/S8 

,%ALL !SE PRIE/S BE PAID BY ! ,/ATE8 

,DO Y\ WANT ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION TO BE F9I%$ 9 TWO DAYS1--COMPLETE--REPLETE8 ,TALK TO ! PEOPLE NOT ( ,K+ NOR ,EMP]OR NOR ,REPUBLIC1 NOR ( L& RE=M1 NOR FREE BANK+1 NOR UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE3 ! ,PEOPLE KN[S PRETTY NE>LY :AT !SE ?+S MEAN3 !Y KN[ :AT !Y WANT1 & :AT !Y DON'T WANT4 ,DO AS ,ROBESPI]RE DID3 TALK TO !M AB\T ! ,SUPREME ,BE+ & ! IMMORTALITY ( ! S\L4 

#c4 ,JU/ICE4 

,JU/ICE -- ,AU?ORITY1 9COMPATIBLE T]MS1 :I* NEV]!LESS ! ORD9>Y MAN P]SI/S 9 REG>D+ AS SYNONYM\S4 ,HE TALKS ( ! AU?ORITY ( ! LAW1 JU/ AS HE TALKS ( A GOV]NM5T ( ! PEOPLE2 PHRASES 9/ILL$ 9TO HIM BY ! P[]S ?AT BE2 SO ?AT HE DOES NOT P]CEIVE ! CONTRADICTIONS 9VOLV$4 ,:5CE >ISES ?IS DI/ORTION ( IDEAS8 

,JU/ICE1 LIKE ORD]1 BEGAN ) =CE4 ,AT FIR/ IT WAS ! LAW ( ! PR9CE1 NOT ( ! CONSCI5CE4 ,OBEY$ ?R\< FE> RA!R ?AN ?R\< LOVE1 IT IS 5=C$1 RA!R ?AN EXPLA9$3 LIKE ! GOV]NM5T1 IT IS ! MORE OR LESS 9TELLIG5T USE ( >BITR>Y P[]4 

,)\T GO+ F>!R BACK ?AN ! HI/ORY ( ,FRANCE1 JU/ICE1 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 WAS A PRIVILEGE ( ! LORDS1 & WAS ADM9I/]$ SOMETIMES BY HIM 9 P]SON1 SOMETIMES BY A T5ANT F>M]1 OR BY A SUP]9T5D5T4 ,ONE WAS AM5ABLE TO ! JU/ICE ( ! LORD1 JU/ AS ONE WAS LIABLE TO HIM = C]TA9 DAYS ( LABOR1 JU/ AS ONE IS /ILL LIABLE = TAXES4 ,ONE HAD TO PAY = A JUDGM5T1 JU/ AS HE HAD TO PAY TO HAVE HIS GRA9 GR\ND OR HIS BREAD BAK$2 & HE :O PAID ! MO/1 HAD ! BE/ *ANCE ( W9N+4 ,TWO PEASANTS1 CONVICT$ ( HAV+ SETTL$ !IR DIFF]5CE ?R\< AN >BIT]1 W\LD HAVE BE5 TREAT$ AS REBELS1 & ! >BIT] PROSECUT$ AS A USURP]4 ,ADM9I/] ANO!R MAN'S JU/ICE8 :AT AN ABOM9ABLE CRIME6 

,LITTLE BY LITTLE1 ! ,NATION GR\P$ ITSELF AB\T ! *IEF B>ON1 :O WAS ! K+ ( ,FRANCE1 & ALL JU/ICE WAS DEEM$ TO SPR+ FROM HIM1 :E!R GRANT$ AS A CONCESSION ( ! ,CR[N TO FEUDATORIES1 OR DELEGAT$ TO GUILDS = ! ADM9I/RATION ( JU/ICE1 ( :I* ! MEMB]S PAID = !IR PRIVILEGES 9 H>D CA%1 AS /ILL IS DONE BY REGI/R>S & ATTORNEYS4 

,AT LA/1 S9CE #a#g#h#i1 JU/ICE HAS BE5 EX]CIS$ DIRECTLY BY ! ,/ATE1 :I* ALONE GIVES 5=CEABLE JUDGM5TS1 & :I* RECEIVES AS P9-MONEY1 NOT C\NT+ F9ES1 AN APPROPRIATION FIX$ AT @s#e1#d14 ,:AT HAVE ! PEOPLE GA9$ BY ?IS *ANGE8 ,NO?+4 ,JU/ICE REMA9S :AT IT WAS BE=E1 AN EMANATION FROM AU?ORITY2 ?AT IS TO SAY1 A =MULA = CO]CION1 FUNDAM5TALLY VOID1 & OP5 TO *ALL5GE 9 ALL ITS DECISIONS4 ,WE DO NOT EV5 KN[ :AT REAL JU/ICE IS4 

,I HAVE (T5 HE>D ?IS QUE/ION DISCUSS$3 ,HAS ,SOCIETY ! RI<T TO PUNI% ) DEA?8 ,BECC>IA1 AN ,ITALIAN ( NO GREAT TAL5T1 MADE HIMSELF A REPUTATION 9 ! LA/ C5TURY BY ! ELOQU5CE ) :I* HE REFUT$ ! ADVOCATES ( ! DEA? P5ALTY4 ,& 9 #ahdh ! PEOPLE ?\<T ?AT !Y W]E DO+ A WOND]FUL ?+1 :ILE WAIT+ = BETT]1 9 ABOLI%+ ! DEA? P5ALTY = POLITICAL (F5SES4 

,BUT NEI!R ,BECC>IA NOR ! REVOLUTION>IES ( ,FEBRU>Y HAVE T\*$ EV5 ! FIR/ WORD ( ! QUE/ION4 ! USE ( ! DEA? P5ALTY IS ONLY ONE SPECIAL MANIFE/ATION ( CRIM9AL JU/ICE4 ,! REAL QUE/ION IS NOT :E!R SOCIETY HAS A RI<T TO 9FLICT ! DEA? P5ALTY1 OR TO 9FLICT ANY P5ALTY AT ALL1 H[EV] TRIFL+1 OR EV5 TO ACQUIT OR TO P>DON1 BUT :E!R IT HAS ANY RI<T TO PRON\NCE JUDGM5T AT ALL4 

,LET SOCIETY DEF5D ITSELF IF ATTACK$3 ?AT IS )9 ITS RI<T4 

,LET IT AV5GE ITSELF1 TAK+ ! RISK ( REPRISALS1 IF ?AT SEEM = ITS ADVANTAGE4 

,BUT ?AT IT %\LD JUDGE1 & AFT] JUDG+ %\LD PUNI%1 ?IS IS :AT ,I D5Y1 ?AT IS :AT ,I REFUSE TO GRANT TO ANY AU?ORITY4 

,! 9DIVIDUAL ALONE HAS ! RI<T TO JUDGE HIMSELF1 &1 IF HE ?9KS EXPIATION W\LD BE GOOD = HIM1 TO DEM& PUNI%M5T4 ,JU/ICE IS AN ACT ( CONSCI5CE1 ESS5TIALLY VOLUNT>Y1 AS ! CONSCI5CE CANNOT BE JUDG$1 CONDEMN$1 OR ACQUITT$ BUT BY ITSELF3 ALL ELSE IS W>1 ! RULE ( AU?ORITY1 & B>B>ISM1 ! ABUSE ( =CE4 

,I LIVE 9 ! COMPANY ( UN=TUNATES1 ?AT IS ! NAME !Y CALL !MSELVES1 :OM ,JU/ICE DRAGS BE=E IT = !FT1 C\NT]FEIT+1 BANKRUPTCY1 9DEC5T ASSAULT1 9FANTICIDE1 ASSASS9ATION4 

,MO/ ( !M1 AS F> AS ,I CAN LE>N1 >E ?REE-QU>T]S CONVICT$1 )\T ANY ADMISSION ON !IR P>T1 REI S$ NON CONFESSI2 & ,I ?9K ?AT ,I DO NOT SL&] !M 9 SAY+ ?AT 9 G5]AL !Y DO NOT SEEM TO BE ABOVE REPROA*4 

,I UND]/& ?AT !SE M5 :O >E AT W> ) !IR FELL[S %\LD BE SUMMON$ & COMPELL$ TO REPAIR ! DAMAGE !Y HAVE CAUS$1 TO BE> ! CO/ ( ! 9JURY :I* !Y HAVE OCCASION$2 &1 UP TO A C]TA9 PO9T1 TO PAY A F9E 9 ADDITION1 = ! REPROA* & 9SECURITY ( :I* !Y >E ONE ( ! CAUSES1 ) MOR OR LESS PREM$ITATION4 ,I UND]/&1 ,I SAY1 ?IS APPLICATION ( ! LAWS ( W> BETWE5 5EMIES4 ,W> ALSO MAY HAVE1 LET US NOT SAY ITS JU/ICE1 ?AT W\LD BE TO PR(ANE ! WORD1 BUT ITS RULES4 

,BUT ?AT BEYOND ?IS1 !SE SAME PEOPLE %\LD BE %UT UP1 UND] ! PRETEXT ( RE=M+ !M1 9 ONE ( ?OSE D5S ( VIOL5CE1 /IGMATIZ$1 PUT 9 IRONS1 TORTUR$ 9 BODY & S\L1 GUILLOT9$1 OR1 :AT IS EV5 WORSE1 PLAC$1 AT ! EXPIRATION ( !IR T]M1 UND] ! SURVEILLANCE ( ! POLICE1 :OSE 9EVITABLE REVELATIONS WILL PURSUE !M :]EV] !Y MAY HAVE TAK5 REFUGE2 ONCE AGA9 ,I D5Y1 9 ! MO/ ABSOLUTE MANN]1 ?AT ANY?+ 9 SOCIETY OR 9 CONSCI5CE OR 9 REASON CAN AU?ORIZE SU* TYRANNY4 ,! ,CODE IS CON/RUCT$1 NOT = JU/ICE1 BUT = ! MO/ 9IQUIT\S & ATROCI\S V5GEANCE2 ! LA/ VE/IGE ( ! ANCI5T HATR$ ( ! PATRICIAN = ! S]VILE CLASSES4 

,:AT AGREEM5T HAVE Y\ MADE ) !SE M51 ?AT Y\ >ROGATE ! RI<T TO HOLD !M ACC\NTABLE = !IR MISDE$S BY *A9S1 BY VIOL5CE1 BY PUBLIC /IGMA8 ,:AT PROMISES HAVE Y\ MADE !M ( :I* Y\ CAN AVAIL Y\RSELF8 ,:AT CONDITIONS HAVE !Y ACCEPT$ :I* !Y HAVE VIOLAT$8 ,:AT LIMIT PLAC$ UPON ! OV]FL[ ( !IR PASSIONS1 & RECOGNIZ$ BY !M1 HAVE !Y OV]PASS$8 ,:AT HAVE Y\ DONE = !M ?AT !Y %\LD DO ANY?+ = Y\2 :AT DO !Y [E Y\8 ,I AM LOOK+ = ! FREE & VOLUNT>Y CONTRACT :I* B9DS !M2 & ,I SEE ONLY ! BLADE ( JU/ICE1 ! SWORD ( P[]1 SUSP5D$ OV] !IR HEADS4 ,I ASK = ! WRITT51 RECIPROCAL OBLIGATION1 SIGN$ BY !IR H&1 :I* PROCLAIMS !IR DEFAULT2 & ,I F9D ONLY ?REAT5+ & ONE-SID$ PROHIBITIONS ( A SELF-/YL$ LEGISLATOR1 :O NE$S ! AID ( ! EXECUTION] TO HAVE ANY AU?ORITY4 

,:]E !RE HAS BE5 NO CONTRACT !RE CAN BE NEI!R CRIME NOR MISDEMEANOR BE=E A C\RT4 ,& H]E ,I HOLD Y\ BY Y\R [N MAXIMS3 ,ALL ?AT IS NOT PROHIBIT$ BY LAW IS P]MITT$1 & ,! LAW APPLIES TO ! FUTURE ONLY1 IT HAS NO RETROACTIVE =CE4 

,WELL !N1 ! LAW 7& ?IS IS WRITT5 AFT] SIXTY YE>S UND] Y\R 9/ITUTIONS7--! LAW IS ! EXPRESSION ( ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! ,PEOPLE2 ?AT IS TO SAY1 IF ,I AM NOT MU* MI/AK51 IT IS ! SOCIAL CONTRACT1 ! P]SONAL OBLIGATION ( ! MAN & ! CITIZ54 ,9 SO F> AS ,I HAVE NOT WANT$ ! LAW1 9 SO F> AS ,I HAVE NOT CONS5T$ TO IT1 VOT$ = IT1 SIGN$ IT1 ,I AM UND] NO OBLIGATION TO IT2 IT HAS NO EXI/5CE4 ,TO USE IT BE=E ,I HAVE RECOGNIZ$ IT1 & TO AVAIL Y\RSELF ( IT AGA9/ ME1 DESPITE MY PROTE/1 IS VIRTUALLY TO GIVE IT RETROACTIVE EFFECT & TO VIOLATE ! LAW ITSELF4 ,EV]Y DAY IT HAPP5S ?AT A DECISION IS REV]S$ = AN ]ROR 9 =M4 ,BUT !RE IS NOT ONE ( Y\R ACTS :I* IS NOT M>K$ BY 9VALIDITY1 & BY ! MO/ MON/R\S ( 9VALIDITIES1 ! ASSUMPTION ?AT ! ACCUS$ KNEW ! LAW4 ,S\FFL>D1 ,LAC5AIRE1 & ALL ! CRIM9ALS :OM Y\ HAVE S5T TO EXECUTION1 TURN 9 !IR GRAVES & ACCUSE Y\ ( FALSE JUDGM5T4 ,:AT HAVE Y\ TO REPLY8 

,TALK NOT ( TACIT CONS5T1 ( ! ET]NAL PR9CIPLES ( SOCIETY1 ( ! MORAL /&>D ( NATIONS1 ( ! RELIGI\S CONSCI5CE4 ,IT IS PRECISELY BECAUSE ! UNIV]SAL CONSCI5CE DOES RECOGNIZE RI<T1 MORALITY1 ! CLAIMS ( SOCIETY1 ?AT Y\ %\LD HAVE EXPLA9$ ITS PR9CIPLES1 & ASK$ = ! ACQUIESC5CE ( ALL4 ,DID Y\ DO ?IS8 ,NO1 Y\ 5ACT$ :ATEV] Y\ *OSE1 & Y\ CALL$ ?IS $ICT ( Y\RS ! RULE ( CONSCI5CE1 & ! EXPRESSION ( G5]AL CONS5T4 ,!RE IS TOO MU* P>TIALITY 9 Y\R LAWS1 TOO MANY IMPLICATIONS & EQUIVOCATIONS1 UPON :I* WE >E NOT AGRE$4 ,WE PROTE/ AGA9/ BO? Y\R LAWS & Y\R JU/ICE4 

,G5]AL CONS5T6 ,?AT RECALLS ANO!R PRET5D$ PR9CIPLE1 :I* Y\ PRES5T TO US AS ANO!R ( Y\R TRIUMPHS1 ?AT EV]Y ACCUS$ P]SON %\LD BE TRI$ BY HIS EQUALS1 :O >E HIS NATURAL JUDGES4 ,RIDICUL\S6 ,HAS ?IS MAN :O HAS NEV] BE5 ASK$ TO TAKE P>T 9 ! DISCUSSION ( ! LAW1 :O HAS NEV] VOT$ = IT1 NEV] EV5 READ IT1 :O W\LD NOT UND]/& IT IF HE %\LD READ IT1 :O HAS NOT BE5 CONSULT$ UPON ! *OICE ( A LEGISLATOR1--HAS HE ANY NATURAL JUDGES8 ,>E !SE CAPITALI/S1 !SE PROPRIETORS1 !SE RI* M51 :O >E 9 T\* ) ! GOV]NM5T1 :O 5JOY ITS PROTECTION & FAVOR1 >E !Y ! NATURAL JUDGES ( ! POOR8 ,>E !SE ! HONE/ & FREE M51 :O WILL DECL>E HIM GUILTY1 ON !IR HONOR & CONSCI5CE 7:AT A GU>ANTEE = ! CULPRIT671 BE=E ,GOD 7( :OM ! ACCUS$ HAS NEV] HE>D71 BE=E M5 7AMONG :OM HE IS NOT C\NT$72 & IF HE ADVANCES 9 PROTE/ ! WRET*$ CONDITION TO :I* SOCIETY HAS R$UC$ HIM1 IF HE REM9DS !M ( ! POV]TY ( HIS LIFE & ALL ! H>D%IPS ( HIS EXI/5CE1 WILL REPLY BY BR++ UP ! TACIT CONS5T & ! CONSCI5CE ( ! HUMAN RACE8 

,NO1 NO1 MAGI/RATES1 Y\ %ALL NO LONG] 5ACT ?IS P>T ( VIOL5CE & HYPOCRISY4 ,IT IS 5\< ?AT !RE IS NO?+ ?AT CALLS Y\R GOOD FAI? 9 QUE/ION2 & ?AT1 BECAUSE ( ?AT GOOD FAI?1 ! FUTURE WILL P>DON Y\2 BUT Y\ %ALL GO NO FUR!R4 ,Y\ HAVE NO RI<T TO JUDGE2 & ?IS LACK ( RI<T1 ?IS 9VALIDITY ( Y\R T5URE1 WAS IMPLICITLY ASS]T$ ON ! DAY :51 9 ! FACE ( ! WORLD1 9 A F$]ATION ( ALL ,FRANCE1 ! PR9CIPLE ( ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! ,PEOPLE WAS PROCLAIM$1 :I* IS NO?+ ELSE ?AN 9DIVIDUAL SOV]EIGNTY4 

,REMEMB]1 !RE IS BUT ONE WAY TO DO JU/ICE2 IT IS ?AT ! CULPRIT1 OR M]ELY ! DEF5DANT1 %\LD DO IT HIMSELF4 ,& HE WILL DO IT :5 EA* CITIZ5 %ALL HAVE APPE>$ AT ! SOCIAL COMPACT2 :51 AT ?IS SOLEMN ASSEMBLAGE1 ! RI<TS1 ! OBLIGATIONS1 & ! FUNCTIONS ( EA* %ALL HAVE BE5 DEF9$1 GU>ANTIES EX*ANG$1 & ASS5T SIGN$4 

,!N JU/ICE1 SPR++ FROM LIB]TY1 WILL NO LONG] BE V5GEANCE2 IT WILL BE REP>ATION4 ,AS !RE WILL BE NO MORE OPPOSITION BETWE5 SOCIAL LAW & ! WILL ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 LITIGATION WILL BE CUT (F1 !RE WILL BE NO?+ = IT BUT ACKN[L$GM5T4 

,MOREOV] ! MA*9]Y ( LAWSUITS !N WILL R$UCE ITSELF TO A SIMPLE MEET+ ( WITNESSES2 NO 9T]M$I>Y BETWE5 ! PLA9TIFF & DEF5DANT1 BETWE5 ! CLAIMANT & ! DEBTOR1 WILL BE NE$$ EXCEPT ! FRI5DS :OM !Y HAVE ASK$ TO >BITRATE4 

,!N 9DE$1 ACCORD+ TO ! DEMOCRATIC PR9CIPLE ?AT ! JUDGE %\LD BE ELECT$ BY ! LITIGANTS1 ! ,/ATE WILL HAVE NO MORE TO DO ) JUDICIAL MATT]S ?AN ! DUEL3 ! RI<T TO JU/ICE GRANT$ TO EV]YBODY IS ! BE/ GU>ANTEE ( ! JUDGM5TS4 

,! COMPLETE1 IMM$IATE1 ABOLITION ( C\RTS & TRIBUNALS1 )\T ANY SUB/ITUTION OR TRANSITION1 IS ONE ( ! PRIME NECESSITIES ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,:ATEV] DELAY MAY OCCUR 9 O!R RE=MS1 IF SOCIAL LIQUIDATION1 = EXAMPLE1 %\LD NOT TAKE PLACE = TW5TY-FIVE YE>S1 OR ! ORGANIZATION ( ECONOMIC =CES = HALF A C5TURY1 9 ANY CASE ! SUPPRESSION ( JUDICIAL AU?ORITY CANNOT BE PO/PON$4 

,AS = ! PR9CIPLE 9VOLV$1 JU/ICE AS N[ E/ABLI%$ IS NEV] ANY?+ BUT A =MULA = DESPOTISM1 & ! NEGATION ( LIB]TY & RI<T4 ,:]EV] Y\ ALL[ A JURISDICTION TO SURVIVE1 Y\ ]ECT A MONUM5T TO C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 :5CE1 SOON] OR LAT]1 WILL >ISE A NEW POLITICAL OR RELIGI\S AUTOCRACY4 

,AS = ! POLICY1 IT W\LD RISK EV]Y?+ TO LEAVE ! 9T]PRETATION ( ! NEW SOCIAL COMPACT TO ! ANCI5T MAGI/RACIES1 SATURAT$ AS !Y >E ) BANEFUL IDEAS4 ,WE SEE BUT TOO CLE>LY ?AT IF ! ADM9I/RATORS ( JU/ICE >E PITILESS T[>DS ,SOCIALI/S1 IT IS BECAUSE ,SOCIALISM IS ! NEGATION ( ! JURIDICAL FUNCTION1 AS WELL AS ( ! LAW ?AT /&S BEH9D IT4 ,:5 ! JUDGE PRON\NCES ! FATE ( A CITIZ51 >RE/$ = REVOLUTION>Y ?\<TS1 WORDS OR WRIT+S1 IT IS NOT A CULPRIT BUT AN 5EMY :OM HE /RIKES4 ,= ! SAKE ( JU/ICE1 SUPPRESS ?IS (FICIAL1 :O1 ADM9I/]+ JU/ICE1 IS FI<T+ = HIS ROBE & FIRESIDE4 

,MOREOV]1 ! WAY HAS BE5 MAPP$ \T3 ! COMM]CIAL TRIBUNALS1 ! C\NCILS ( >BIT]S1 ! RECOGNITION ( >BITRATION1 & ! APPO9TM5T ( EXP]TS1 SO FREQU5TLY ORD]$ BY ! C\RTS1 >E SO MANY /EPS ALREADY MADE T[>D ! DEMOCRATIZATION ( JU/ICE4 ,TO C>RY ! MOVEM5T TO COMPLETION1 NO?+ IS NE$$ BUT A DECREE GIV+ AU?ORITY TO ALL >BIT]S1 APPO9T$ AT ! REQUE/ ( ANY ONE :OMSOEV]1 TO S5D = WITNESSES1 & TO PUT !IR DECISIONS 9TO EXECUTION4 

,TRANSLATOR'S NOTE #b#g4 ,ACCUS$ BUT NOT CONFESS$4 8 

#d4 ,ADM9I/RATION1 ,POLICE4 

,EV]Y?+ 9 \R SOCIETY IS CONTRADICTORY3 ?AT IS :Y WE CAN NEV] COME TO AN UND]/&+1 >E ALWAYS READY TO FI<T4 ,PUBLIC ADM9I/RATION & ! POLICE WILL AF=D US ANO!R PRO(4 

,IF !RE IS ANY?+ TO-DAY :I* SEEMS IMPROP]1 SACRILEGI\S1 A DIRECT ATTACK UPON LIB]TY ( ,REASON & ( ,CONSCI5CE1 IT IS A GOV]NM5T :I*1 USURP+ ! DOMA9 ( FAI?1 PRET5DS TO CONTROL ! SPIRITUAL DUTIES ( ITS SUBJECTS4 ,EV5 9 ! EYES ( ,*RI/IANS1 SU* TYRANNY W\LD BE 9TOL]ABLE2 IF !RE W]E NOT 9SURRECTION1 M>TYRDOMS W\LD REPLY4 ,! ,*UR*1 9/ITUT$ & 9SPIR$ FROM ABOVE1 ASS]TS ITS [N RI<T TO GOV]N S\LS1 BUT REFUSES ?IS RI<T TO ! ,/ATE2 :I* IS NOTEWOR?Y1 & CON/ITUTES ( ITSELF A BEG9N+ ( LIB]ALISM4 ,Y\ >E ! GU>DIANS ( ! \TW>D3 WE >E ! GU>DIANS ( ! 9W>D4 ,BE=E Y\1 FAI? IS FREE3 RELIGION DOES NOT D]IVE FROM Y\R AU?ORITY4 

,ON ?IS PO9T OP9ION1 AT LEA/ 9 ,FRANCE1 IS UNANIM\S4 ,! ,/ATE MAY /ILL BE WILL+ TO PAY = PUBLIC WOR%IP1 & ! ,*UR* TO ACCEPT ! SUBSIDY1 BUT ! ,/ATE DOES NOT 9T]F]E AT ALL ) DOGMAS & C]EMONIES4 ,BELIEVE OR NOT2 WOR%IP OR NOT2 ?AT IS Y\R AFFAIR4 ,! ,GOV]NM5T HAS DECID$ NOT TO 5T] ANY MORE 9TO MATT]S ( CONSCI5CE4 

,( TWO ?+S ONE3 EI!R ! ,GOV]NM5T1 9 MAK+ ?IS SACRIFICE ( ITS RI<T ( 9ITIATIVE1 HAS COMMITT$ A GRIEV\S ]ROR2 OR IT HAS 9T5D$ TO TAKE A /EP BACKW>D1 & TO GIVE US A PL$GE ( ITS RETREAT4 ,:Y 9DE$1 IF ! ,GOV]NM5T DOES NOT ?9K ?AT IT HAS ! RI<T TO =CE RELIGION UPON US1 %\LD IT ?9K ?AT IT HAS ! RI<T TO =CE LAW UPON US8 ,:Y1 NOT CONT5T ) LEGISLATIVE AU?ORITY1 %\LD IT EX]CISE JUDICIAL AU?ORITY 9 ADDITION8 ,:Y POLICE AU?ORITY8 ,:Y ADM9I/RATIVE AU?ORITY8 

,:AT 9DE$6 DOES ! ,GOV]NM5T LEAVE TO US ! C>E ( \R S\LS1 ! MO/ IMPORTANT P>T ( US1 UPON ! CONTROL ( :I* HANGS ORD] 9 ?IS LIFE1 TOGE!R ) \R HAPP9ESS 9 ! O!R1 BUT 9T]V5ES 9 \R MAT]IAL AFFAIRS1 COMM]CIAL BUS9ESS1 RELATIONS ) \R NEI<BORS1 ! MO/ ORD9>Y MATT]S8 ,P[] IS LIKE ! CURATE'S MAID2 IT LEAVES S\LS TO ! DEVIL2 ALL IT WANTS IS ! BODY4 ,IF IT CAN GET ITS H&S 9TO \R PURSES1 IT SCORNS \R ?\<TS4 ,:AT A DISGRACE6 ,CAN WE NOT TAKE C>E ( \R POSSESSIONS1 >RANGE \R ACC\NTS1 SETTLE \R DIFF]5CES1 PROVIDE = \R COMMON NE$S1 AT LEA/ AS WELL AS WE CAN LOOK AFT] \R SALVATION & C>E = \R S\LS8 ,:AT BUS9ESS HAVE WE ) ! LEGISLATION ( ! ,/ATE1 ) ! ADM9I/RATION ( ! ,/ATE1 ANY MORE ?AN ) ! RELIGION ( ! ,/ATE8 ,:AT REASON1 :AT PRETEXT EV51 CAN ! ,/ATE ADVANCE = ?IS EXCEPTION TO LOCAL & 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY8 

,WILL IT BE SAID ?AT ! CONTRADICTION IS ONLY APP>5T2 ?AT ! AU?ORITY ( ! ,/ATE IS UNIV]SAL & EXCEPTS NO?+2 BUT ?AT = ITS MORE COMPLETE OP]ATION1 IT HAS HAD TO DIVIDE ITSELF 9TO TWO EQUAL & 9DEP5D5T P[]S2 ! ONE ! ,*UR*1 TO :I* IS CONFID$ ! C>E ( S\LS1 ! O!R ! ,/ATE1 TO :I* BELONGS ! GOV]NM5T ( BODIES8 

,TO ?IS ,I REPLY1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 ?AT ! SEP>ATION ( ! ,/ATE FROM ! ,*UR* WAS NOT MADE = BETT] ORGANIZATION1 BUT ON ACC\NT ( ! 9COMPATIBILITY ( ! 9T]E/S :I* !Y CONTROL2 9 ! SECOND PLACE1 ?AT ! RESULTS ( ?IS SEP>ATION HAVE BE5 MO/ DEPLORABLE2 SEE+ ?AT ! ,*UR*1 HAV+ LO/ ITS P[] OV] TEMPORAL MATT]S1 IS NO LONG] LI/5$ TO 9 SPIRITUAL MATT]S2 :ILE ! ,/ATE1 ASSUM+ TO 9T]F]E ONLY 9 MAT]IAL QUE/IONS1 & SOLV+ !M ONLY BY =CE1 HAS LO/ ! RESPECT & >\S$ ! CONDEMNATION ( ALL4 ,& IT IS PRECISELY = ?AT REASON ?AT ! ,/ATE & ! ,*UR*1 CONV9C$ TOO LATE ( !IR 9SEP>ABILITY1 >E N[ TRY+ TO REUNITE !MSELVES 9 AN IMPOSSIBLE FUSION1 AT ! MOM5T :5 ! ,REVOLUTION HAS PRON\NC$ ! D[NFALL ( BO?4 

,BUT NEI!R CAN ! ,*UR*1 LACK+ POLITICAL SANCTION1 MA9TA9 ITS CONTROL ( ?\<T2 NOR CAN ! ,/ATE1 DEPRIV$ ( HI<] PR9CIPLES1 ASPIRE TO ! CONTROL ( MAT]IAL 9T]E/S2 :ILE1 AS = !IR FUSION1 IT IS EV5 MORE *IM]ICAL ?AN ?AT ( AN ABSOLUTE MON>*Y ) A CON/ITUTIONAL MON>*Y4 ,:AT LIB]TY HAS SEP>AT$1 AU?ORITY CANNOT REUNITE4 

,MY QUE/ION ?US /&S UNT\*$3 BY :AT RI<T DOES ! ,/ATE1 :I* C>ES NO?+ = ?\<T NOR = PUBLIC WOR%IP1 ! ,/ATE1 :I* IS AS GODLESS AS ! LAW1 ASSUME TO RULE MAT]IAL 9T]E/S8 

,TO ?IS QUE/ION1 :I* IS 5TIRELY ONE ( LAW & MORALITY1 REPLY IS MADE3 

#a/4 ,?AT 9DIVIDUALS & COMMUNITIES1 NOT BE+ ABLE TO LOOK AT G5]AL 9T]E/1 SEE+ !IR [N 9T]E/S >E OPPOS$1 NE$ SOME SOV]EIGN RUL]4 

#bND4 ,?AT AS AFFAIRS CANNOT BE C>RI$ ON H>MONI\SLY IF EA* LOCALITY1 EA* ASSOCIATION1 EA* GR\P ( 9T]E/S1 IS LEFT TO ITS [N 9DIVIDUAL IMPULSE2 IF PUBLIC FUNCTION>IES RECEIVE AS MANY DIFF]5T & CONTRADICTORY ORD]S AS !RE >E 9DIVIDUAL 9T]E/S1 IT IS ESS5TIAL ?AT A S+LE P[] %\LD GIVE ! ORD]S1 & CONSEQU5TLY ?AT FUNCTION>IES %\LD BE APPO9T$ BY ! ,GOV]NM5T4 

,Y\ CANNOT GET \T ( IT3 !RE IS 9EVITABLE & FATAL ANTAGONISM ( 9T]E/S2 ?AT IS ! PREMISE2 !RE MU/ BE C5TRALIZ$1 (FICIAL COMM&2 ?AT IS ! CONCLUSION4 

,IT WAS FROM SU* REASON+ ?AT \R FA!RS1 9 '#i#c1 AFT] HAV+ DE/ROY$ DIV9E RI<T1 FEUDAL RULE1 DI/9CTION ( CLASSES1 B>ONIAL C\RTS1 @&C41 REE/ABLI%$ A GOV]NM5T BAS$ UPON ELECTORAL M&ATE1 & DISAGRE$ ) ! ,GIRONDI/S1 :O1 )\T BE+ ABLE TO SAY H[ !Y EXPECT$ TO SECURE UNITY1 NEV]!LESS1 IT IS SAID1 OPPOS$ C5TRALIZATION4 

,WE N[ SEE ! FRUITS ( ?IS POLICY4 

,ACCORD+ TO ,M4 ,RAUDOT1 ! TOTAL NUMB] ( ,GOV]NM5T (FICIALS = ! ,/ATE & MUNICIPALITIES IS #e#f#h1#c#f#e4 ,! >MY IS NOT 9CLUD$ 9 ?IS FIGURE4 ,!RE IS !RE=E1 9 ADDITION TO ! SOLDI]S1 :OSE NUMB] V>IES FROM #d1 TO #e11 A MASS ( #e#f#h1#c#f#e AG5TS1 SUP]VISORS1 9SPECTORS1 @&C41 :O 5ME% ! C\NTRY1 :OM ! ,GOV]NM5T SUPPORTS AT ! EXP5SE ( ! NATION1 & ( :OM IT MAKES USE P]HAPS TO WAT* OV] ! MORALS ( ! PEOPLE1 P]HAPS TO DEF5D ITSELF AGA9/ ! ATTACKS ( ! DISCONT5T$1 OR1 MORE T]RIBLE /ILL1 ! ASSAULTS ( ANTAGONI/IC ?\<T4 

,?IS IS ! ,RULE ?AT C5TRALIZATION 9FLICTS UPON US4 ,DO Y\ NOT ?9K ?AT COMPLETE ,AN>*Y W\LD BE BETT] = \R PEACE ( M9D1 \R LABOR & \R PROSP]ITY1 ?AN ?IS MILLION ( P>ASITES >M$ TO ATTACK \R LIB]TIES & \R 9T]E/S8 

,& ?IS IS NOT ALL4 

,AS !RE >E #e#f#h1#c#f#e EMPLOYES ( ! ,/ATE AT ! COMM& ( ! M9I/RY1 ! OPPOSITION1 :E!R MON>*ICAL OR DEMOCRATIC MATT]S LITTLE1 HAS ON ITS SIDE AN >MY TWICE1 ?RICE1 F\R TIMES AS NUM]\S1 COMPOS$ ( M5 :O >E )\T EMPLOYM5T1 DISCONT5T$ ) !IR POSITION1 :O COVET GOV]NM5T SITUATIONS2 & :O1 9 ORD] TO OBTA9 !M1 WORK AS H>D AS !Y CAN1 UND] !IR DI/9CT LEAD]S1 TO OV]?R[ ! ,GOV]NM5T HEADS ( DEP>TM5TS4 ,?US ON ! ONE H& W> BETWE5 (FICIALDOM & 9DU/RY2 ON ! O!R1 W> BETWE5 ! M9I/RY & ! OPPOSITION4 ,:AT DO Y\ ?9K ( ?IS K9D ( ORD]8 

,AT ?IS GAME ( PUSS-9-!-CORN] \R UNHAPPY C\NTRY HAS PASS$ ITS LIFE S9CE '#i#c1 & ! 5D IS NOT YET4 ,IF ,I MAY TELL :AT IS KN[N TO EV]YBODY1 ,REPUBLICAN ,SOLID>ITY1 A SOCIETY E/ABLI%$ TO ASS]T1 PROPAGATE1 & DEF5D ! ,REVOLUTION1 AT ! SAME TIME AIM$1 NOT AT OV]?R[+ ! ,GOV]NM5T1 BUT AT HAV+ READY A COMPLETE /AFF1 :I* IF ! EXIG5CY REQUIR$ C\LD TAKE ! PLACES ( ! OLD EMPLOYES1 & C>RY ON ! WORK )\T CRIPPL+ ! S]VICE4 ,?AT IS ! WAY 9 :I* REVOLUTION>IES ( TO-DAY UND]/& !IR P>T4 ,:AT A GOOD ?+ IT WAS = ! ,REVOLUTION ?AT ! GOV]NM5T ( ,L\IS ,BONAP>TE DISSOLV$ ! ,REPUBLICAN ,SOLID>ITY4 

,AS A ,/ATE RELIGION IS ! RAPE ( ! CONSCI5CE1 SO A ,/ATE POLITICAL ADM9I/RATION IS ! CA/RATION ( LIB]TY4 ,DEADLY DEVICES1 WR\<T BY ! SAME MADNESS = OPPRESSION & 9TOL]ANCE2 :OSE POISON\S FRUITS %[ !IR ID5TITY4 ,/ATE RELIGION PRODUC$ ! ,9QUISITION2 ,/ATE ADM9I/RATION PRODUC$ ! POLICE4 

,IT IS EASILY UND]/OOD ?AT ! PRIE/HOOD1 AT FIR/1 LIKE ! ,*9ESE M&>9S1 ONLY A SCI5TIFIC & LIT]>Y CA/E1 MAY HAVE NURS$ ?\<TS ( RELIGI\S CONTROL1 :ILE SCI5CE1 9TOL]ANT ( ]ROR1 HAS LEGITIMATE ASPIRATIONS TO 9/RUCT ! REASON4 ,! PRIE/HOOD 5JOY$ ?IS PR]OGATIVE1 AS LONG AS IT TAU<T SCI5CE1 ( :I* ! *>ACT]I/IC IS TO BE EXP]IM5TAL & PROGRESSIVE3 IT LO/ IT :5 IT PLAC$ ITSELF 9 OPPOSITION TO PROGRESS & EXP]I5CE4 

,BUT ?AT ! ,/ATE1 :OSE ONLY SCI5CE IS =CE1 & :OSE ONLY DOCTR9E1 ALONG ) ITS ETIQUETTE & ITS LACKEYS1 IS ! !ORY ( ! PLATOON & BATTALION--?AT ! ,/ATE1 ,I SAY1 TREAT+ ! ,NATION =EV] AS A *ILD1 %\LD UND]TAKE1 AT ! NATION'S EXP5SE & AGA9/ ITS WILL1 UND] PRETEXT ( DISCORDANCE BETWE5 ITS DESIRES & ITS NE$S1 TO ADM9I/] ITS PROP]TY1 TO JUDGE :AT IS SUITABLE = ITS 9T]E/S1 TO DOLE \T TO IT ! P[] ( MOVEM5T1 LIB]TY1 LIFE2 ?AT W\LD 9DE$ BE 9CONCEIVABLE1 W\LD 9DICATE SOME 9F]NAL MA*9ATION DID WE NOT KN[1 ?R\< ! HI/ORY ( ALL GOV]NM5TS1 ?AT IF P[] HAS ALWAYS RUL$ ! PEOPLE1 IT IS BECAUSE ?R\< ALL TIME ! ,PEOPLE1 IGNORANT ( ! LAWS ( ORD]1 HAS BE5 ! ACCOMPLICE ( ,P[]4 

,IF ,I W]E TALK+ TO M5 :O HAD LOVE ( LIB]TY & RESPECT = !MSELVES1 & ,I WANT$ TO EXCITE !M TO REVOLT1 ,I %\LD CONF9E MYSELF 9 MY SPEE* TO RECIT+ ! P[]S ( A PREFECT4 

,ACCORD+ TO !IR AU?ORS3 

,! PREFECT IS ! AG5T ( ! C5TRAL P[]3 HE IS ALSO ! 9T]M$I>Y BETWE5 ! ,GOV]NM5T & ! ,DEP>TM5T3 HE PROCURES ADM9I/RATIVE ACTION3 HE PROVIDES = ! PUBLIC S]VICE DIRECTLY1 BY HIS [N ACTION4 

,AS ! AG5T ( ! C5TRAL P[]1 ! PREFECT P]=MS ?OSE ACTS ?AT RELATE TO ! PROP]TY ( ! ,/ATE OR ( ! ,DEP>TM5T2 & FULFILLS ! FUNCTIONS ( POLICE4 

,AS 9T]M$I>Y BETWE5 ! ,GOV]NM5T & ! ,DEP>TM5T1 HE CAUSES ! LAWS S5T TO HIM BY ! M9I/]S TO BE PUBLI%$ & PUT 9TO EXECUTION1 & GIVES EXECUTIVE =CE TO ! TAXROLLS2 VISE V]SA1 HE =W>DS CLAIMS1 9=MATION1 @&C41 TO ! C5TRAL ,GOV]NM5T4 

,AS PROCUR] ( ADM9I/RATIVE ACTION1 HE FULFILLS DIV]SE FUNCTIONS T[>DS ?OSE 9 HIS *>GE & T[>DS HIS SUBORD9ATES3 !SE >E1 9/RUCTION1 DIRECTION1 9ITIATION1 9SPECTION1 SUP]VISION1 E/IMATION1 OR APPRECIATION1 CONTROL1 C5SOR%IP1 RE=MATION1 R$RESS1 F9ALLY1 CORRECTION OR PUNI%M5T4 

,AS PROVID] = ! NE$S ( ! PUBLIC S]VICE1 ! PREFECT ACTS SOMTIMES AS CLO!D ) GU>DIAN%IP1 SOMETIMES AS ) MILIT>Y COMM&1 SOMETIMES AS HAV+ JUDICIAL JURISDICTION4 

,9 *>GE ( ! BUS9ESS ( ! ,DEP>TM5T & ! ,/ATE1 (FIC] ( ! JUDICIAL1 9T]M$I>Y & PL5IPOT5TI>Y POLICE1 9/RUCTOR1 DIRECTOR1 9ITIATOR1 9SPECTOR1 SUP]VISOR1 E/IMATOR1 CONTROLL]1 C5SOR1 RE=M]1 R$RESS]1 CORRECTOR1 GU>DIAN1 COMM&]1 SUP]9T5D5T1 $ILE1 JUDGE--?AT IS ! PREFECT1 ?AT IS ! ,GOV]NM5T4 ,& Y\ TELL ME ?AT A PEOPLE ?AT WILL SUBMIT TO SU* A RULE1 A PEOPLE ?US HELD 9 LEAD+ /R+S1 UND] COLL> & BRIDLE1 UND] ROD & :IP1 IS A FREE PEOPLE6 ?AT SU* A PEOPLE UND]/&S LIB]TY1 ?AT IT IS CAPABLE ( TA/+ LIB]TY & RECEIV+ IT6 ,NO1 NO1 SU* A PEOPLE IS LESS ?AN A SLAVE2 IT IS NO?+ BUT A W>-HORSE4 ,BE=E FREE+ IT1 IT MU/ BE RAIS$ TO ! DIGNITY ( A MAN1 BY RECON/RUCT+ ITS UND]/&+4 ,IT WILL SAY TO Y\ ITSELF1 9 ! SIMPLICITY ( ITS BELIEF3 ,:AT W\LD BECOME ( ME )\T SADDLE OR BRIDLE6 ,I HAVE NEV] KN[N ANY O!R RULE ( LIFE NOR ANY O!R CONDITION4 ,CLE> UP MY IDEAS1 GRATIFY MY AFFECTIONS1 BALANCE MY 9T]E/S1 !N ,I %ALL NE$ NO MA/]1 ,I CAN GET ALONG )\T A RID]4 

,?US SOCIETY1 BY ITS [N CONFESSION1 TURNS 9 A CIRCLE4 ,?IS GOV]NM5T1 :I* SOCIETY HOLDS UP AS A GUID+ PR9CIPLE1 IT ADMITS IS NO?+ BUT ! SUPPLEM5T ( ITS REASON4 ,JU/ AS BETWE5 ! GUIDANCE ( HIS CONSCI5CE & ! TYRANNY ( HIS 9/9CTS1 MAN HAS GIV5 HIMSELF A MY/ICAL CONTROLL]--! PRIE/S2 JU/ AS BETWE5 HIS [N & HIS NEI<BOR'S LIB]TY HE HAS PLAC$ AS >BIT] ! JUDGE2 JU/ SO BETWE5 HIS [N & ! PUBLIC 9T]E/1 SUPPOS$ BY HIM TO BE AS IRRECONCILABLE AS HIS REASON & HIS 9/9CT1 HE HAS S\<T ANO!R M$IATOR1 ! PR9CE4 ,MAN HAS ?US DEPRIV$ HIMSELF ( HIS MORAL *>ACT]1 & ( HIS JUDICIAL DIGNITY1 & HE HAS CA/ AWAY HIS RI<T ( 9ITIATIVE2 BY ?IS LOSS ( HIS P[]S HE HAS MADE HIMSELF ! POOR SLAVE ( IMPO/ORS & TYRANTS4 

,BUT S9CE ,JESUS ,*RI/1 ,ISAIAH1 ,DAVID1 ,MOSES HIMSELF1 IT HAS BE5 ADMITT$ ?AT ! JU/ MAN HAS NE$ NEI!R ( SACRIFICE NOR ( PRIE/2 & WE HAVE BUT N[ PROV$ ?AT ! SETT+ UP ( A JUDGE SUP]IOR TO ! JUDG$ IS A CONTRADICTION 9 PR9CIPLE & A VIOLATION ( ! SOCIAL COMPACT4 ,W\LD IT BE MORE DIFFICULT1 = ! ACCOMPLI%M5T ( \R SOCIAL & CIVIC DUTIES1 TO DISP5SE ) ! L(TY 9T]V5TION ( ! ,/ATE8 

,WE HAVE %[N ?AT ! 9DU/RIAL SY/EM IS ! H>MONY ( 9T]E/S RESULT+ FROM SOCIAL LIQUIDATION1 FREE CURR5CY & CR$IT1 ! ORGANIZATION ( ECONOMIC =CES1 & ! CON/ITUTION ( VALUE & PROP]TY4 

,:5 ?AT IS ACCOMPLI%$1 :AT USE WILL !RE BE ANY MORE = GOV]NM5T2 :AT USE PUNI%M5T2 :AT USE JUDICIAL P[]8 ,! CONTRACT SOLVES ALL PROBLEMS4 ,! PRODUC] DEALS ) ! CONSUM]1 ! MEMB] ) HIS SOCIETY1 ! F>M] ) HIS T[N%IP1 ! T[N%IP ) ! PROV9CE1 ! PROV9CE ) ! ,/ATE1 @&C41 @&C4 ,IT IS /ILL ! SAME 9T]E/ :I* PASSES ALONG1 TRANS=MS ITSELF1 BALANCES ITSELF1 IS REFLECT$ TO 9F9ITY3 /ILL ! SAME IDEA :I* ISSUES FROM EA* FACULTY ( ! S\L AS A C5T] T[>D ! P]IPH]Y ( ITS ATTRACTIONS4 

,! SECRET ( ?IS EQUALIZ+ ( ! CITIZ5 & ! ,/ATE1 AS WELL AS ( ! BELIEV] & ! PRIE/1 ! PLA9TIFF & ! JUDGE1 LIES 9 ! ECONOMIC EQUATION :I* WE HAVE H]E9BE=E MADE1 BY ! ABOLITION ( CAPITALI/ 9T]E/ BETWE5 ! WORK] & ! EMPLOY]1 ! F>M] & ! PROPRIETOR4 ,DO AWAY ) ?IS LA/ REMNANT ( ! ANCI5T SLAV]Y BY ! RECIPROCITY ( OBLIGATIONS1 & BO? CITIZ5S & COMMUNITIES WILL HAVE NO NE$ ( ! 9T]V5TION ( ! ,/ATE TO C>RY ON !IR BUS9ESS1 TAKE C>E ( !IR PROP]TY1 BUILD !IR PORTS1 BRIDGES1 QUAYS1 CANALS1 ROADS1 E/ABLI% M>KETS1 TRANSACT !IR LITIGATION1 9/RUCT1 DIRECT1 CONTROL1 C5SOR !IR AG5TS1 P]=M ANY ACTS ( SUP]VISION OR POLICE1 ANY MORE ?AN !Y WILL NE$ ITS AID 9 (F]+ !IR ADORATION TO ! ,MO/ ,HI<1 OR 9 JUDG+ !IR CRIM9ALS & PUTT+ IT \T ( !IR P[] TO DO 9JURY1 SUPPOS+ ?AT ! REMOVAL ( MOTIVE DOES NOT BR+ ! CESSATION ( CRIME4 

,LET US MAKE AN 5D ( IT4 ,C5TRALIZ$ GOV]NM5T CAN BE UND]/OOD UND] ! OLD MON>*Y1 :5 ! K+1 CALL$ ! FIR/ B>ON ( ! REALM1 WAS ! F\NTA91 9 VIRTUE ( HIS DIV9E RI<T1 ( ALL JU/ICE1 ALL P[] ( ACTION1 ALL PROP]TY4 ,BUT AFT] ! DECL>ATIONS ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 AFT] ! /ILL MORE EXPLICIT & POSITIVE AMPLIFICATIONS MADE BY ! ,CONV5TION1 TO PRET5D ?AT ! ,C\NTRY1 ?AT IS TO SAY EA* LOCALITY = ITS [N CONC]NS1 HAS NOT ! RI<T TO RULE1 ADM9I/]1 JUDGE & GOV]N ITSELF2 TO TAKE FROM ! PEOPLE ! DISPOSITION ( !IR =CES1 UND] ! PRETEXT ?AT ! ,REPUBLIC IS ONE & 9DIVISIBLE2 TO REE/ABLI% DESPOTISM BY METAPHYSICS1 AFT] HAV+ OV]?R[N IT BY 9SURRECTION2 TO TREAT AS ,F$]ALI/S1 & AS SU* TO M>K = PROSCRIPTION1 ALL :O SPEAK 9 FAVOR ( LIB]TY & LOCAL SOV]EIGNTY2 ALL ?IS IS TO BE FALSE TO ! TRUE SPIRIT ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION & ITS MO/ ASSUR$ 9T5TIONS2 IT IS TO D5Y PROGRESS4 

,I HAVE SAID1 & ,I CANNOT REPEAT TOO (T51 ?AT ! SY/EM ( C5TRALIZ$ GOV]NM5T :I* PREVAIL$ 9 '#i#c1 ?ANKS TO ,ROBESPI]RE1 & ! ,JACOB9S1 WAS NO?+ BUT FEUDALISM TRANS=M$2 IT WAS ! APPLICATION ( ALGEBRA TO TYRANNY4 ,NAPOLEON1 :O GAVE ! LA/ T\* TO IT1 BORE WITNESS TO ?IS4 

,LET ,M4 ,L$RU-,ROLL9 CONSID] ?IS3 HIS LA/ /ATEM5T 9 FAVOR ( DIRECT GOV]NM5T IS A FIR/ /EP BEYOND ,JACOB9 TRADITION1 BACK TO ! TRUE REVOLUTION>Y TRADITION2 JU/ AS ! PROTE/ ( ,M4 ,L\IS ,BLANC AGA9/ :AT HE CALLS ,GIRONDISM1 IS ! FIR/ NOTE ( GOV]NM5TAL REACTION4 ,! ,CON/ITUTION ( '#i#c IS ! ,GIRONDE & ,DANTON2 ! REPRES5TATIVE SY/EM IS ! ,JACOB9 ,CLUB & ,ROBESPI]RE4 ,BUT ,ROBESPI]RE & ! ,JACOB9S >E DISCR$IT$3 SIXTY YE>S ( EXP]I5CE HAVE TAU<T US :AT ! UNITY & 9DIVISIBILITY ( !IR REPUBLIC WAS WOR?4 

,AS = ! ,CON/ITUTION ( '#i#c1 EV5 IF IT DID M>K ! MOVEM5T T[>D A NEW ORD] ( IDEAS1 IT CANNOT S]VE AS AN EXAMPLE TO US N[1 AL?\< IT MAY BE WELL TO RECALL ITS T]MS & ITS T5D5CIES4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT HAS ADVANC$ S9CE !N3 WE >E 9DE$ 9 H>MONY ) ?AT ,CON/ITUTION1 BUT WE HAVE LIV$ SIXTY YE>S BEYOND IT4 

#e4 ,PUBLIC ,9/RUCTION2 ,PUBLIC ,WORKS2 ,AGRICULTURE & ,COMM]CE2 ,F9ANCES4 

,PROPOSE ! FOLL[+ QUE/IONS TO ! PEOPLE1 & Y\ CAN BE QUITE SURE ( ! REPLIES 9 ADVANCE4 

,QUE/ION4 ,%ALL 9/RUCTION BE FREE & COMPULSORY8 

,ANSW]4 ,YES4 

,Q4 ,:O %ALL GIVE ! 9/RUCTION8 ,A4 ,! ,/ATE4 

,Q4 ,:O %ALL BE> ! CO/8 ,A4 ,! ,/ATE4 

,Q4 ,%ALL !RE BE A ,M9I/] ( ,PUBLIC ,9/RUCTION8 

,A4 ,YES4 

,NO?+ EASI]1 Y\ SEE1 ?AN TO MAKE ! ,PEOPLE LEGISLATE4 ,EV]Y?+ DEP5DS ON ! WAY 9 :I* ! QUE/IONS >E PUT4 ,IT IS ! ME?OD ( ,SOCRATES1 >GU+ AGA9/ ! ,SOPHI/S4 

,Q4 ,%ALL !RE BE ALSO A ,M9I/] ( ,PUBLIC ,WORKS8 

,A4 ,C]TA9LY1 S9CE !RE WILL BE PUBLIC WORKS4 

,Q4 ,ALSO A ,M9I/] ( ,AGRICULTURE & ,COMM]CE8 

,A4 ,YES4 

,Q4 ,A ,M9I/] ( ,F9ANCE8 ,A4 ,YES4 

,H[ M>VEL\S6 ,! ,PEOPLE TALKS LIKE ! *ILD ,JESUS 9 ! MID/ ( ! ELD]S4 ,H[EV] LITTLE Y\ MAY LIKE IT1 ,I AM GO+ TO MAKE IT SAY ?AT IT WANTS TI!S1 ! RI<T ( ! FIR/ NI<T1 & ! K+DOM ( ,DAGOB]T4 

,LET US ONCE MORE EXAM9E ! PLEA :I* S]VES AS A PRETEXT = ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,/ATE4 

,! ,PEOPLE1 BECAUSE !Y >E SO MANY1 >E SUPPOS$ NOT TO BE ABLE TO C>RY ON !IR [N AFFAIRS1 NEI!R 9/RUCTION1 NOR PROP] BEHAVIOR1 NOR PROTECTION2 LIKE A GREAT LORD :O DOES NOT KN[ :AT HIS =TUNE IS1 & :O IS NOT QUITE RI<T 9 HIS M9D2 BUT :O PAYS = ! MANAGEM5T ( HIS PROP]TY1 = HIS DOME/IC ECONOMY1 & = ! C>E ( HIS P]SON1 AG5TS1 SUBORD9ATES & SUP]9T5D5TS ( ALL K9DS2 SOME :O TAKE ACC\NT ( HIS REV5UES & REGULATE HIS EXP5SES1 O!RS :O DEAL 9 HIS NAME ) SUPPLY M]*ANTS & BANK]S1 /ILL O!RS :O WAT* OV] ! SAFETY ( HIS P]SON1 @&C41 @&C44 

,?US ! BUDGET ( EXP5SES ( ! SOV]EIGN IS COMPOS$ ( TWO P>TS3 #a/4 ,REAL S]VICES & ACTUAL MAT]IALS ( :I* >E COMPOS$ HIS SUPPORT1 HIS PLEASURES & HIS LUXURIES4 #bND4 ,! REMUN]ATION ( S]VANTS1 AIDS1 COMMISSION]S1 REPRES5TATIVES1 ASSI/ANTS1 ALMON]S1 SOLICITORS1 GU>DS1 :O ACT = HIM4 

,! SECOND P>T ( ! BUDGET IS MU* ! L>GE/3 IT IS COMPOS$3 

#a/4 ,( 9T]E/ DUE TO BANK]S ) :OM ! ,PEOPLE HOLD A CURR5T ACC\NT2 9T]E/ :I* TO-DAY1 TOGE!R ) ! S9K+ FUND1 AM\NTS TO @s#f#i1#b11 & CON/ITUTES ! PUBLIC DEBT4 

#bND4 ,SAL>IES ( ! IMPORTANT (FIC]S1 DIRECT REPRES5TATIVES ( ! SOV]EIGN1 & HEADS ( EA* BRAN*4 ,!SE AM\NT TO @s#a1#h14 

#cRD4 ,SAL>IES ( EMPLOYES1 CL]KS1 ASSI/ANTS1 M5IALS ( EV]Y GRADE & DEGREE4 ,( @s#a#f#a11 ALL[$ = ! V>I\S M9I/]S1 AT LEA/ ?REE-QU>T]S >E US$ = SU* PAYM5TS4 

#d?4 ,CO/ ( EXCISE1 ASSESSM5T1 & COLLECTION ( ! PUBLIC REV5UES4 ,!SE COME TO @s#b#i1#h14 

#e?4 ,P5SIONS PAID BY ! PUBLIC TO OLD EMPLOYES1 AFT] ?IRTY-FIVE YE>S ( S]VICE1 ( :I* ! TOTAL IS @s#i114 

#f?4 ,F9ALLY1 UNEXPECT$ EXP5DITURES1 UNCOLLECT$ RETURNS1 NOM9AL RECEIPTS1 ALL *>G$ TO ! ACC\NT ( PR(IT & LOSS1 @s#a#f114 

,?US1 = FROM =TY TO SIXTY MILLIONS1 AT MO/1 ( REAL S]VIES & ACTUAL MAT]IALS ( :I* ! YE>LY EXP5DITURE ( ! ,PEOPLE IS COMPOS$1 ! GOV]NM5TAL SY/EM MAKES !M PAY @s#b#h#f1#h11 SAY #b TO #bd MILLIONS ( PR(IT1 ?AT ! S]VANTS ( ! ,PEOPLE DRAW FROM !IR APPO9TM5TS4 ,& 9 ORD] TO ASSURE !MSELVES =EV] ( ?IS IMM5SE PREY1 9 ORD] TO PREV5T ANY NOTION ( RE=M & EMANCIPATION FROM 5T]+ !IR MA/]'S HEAD1 ! SAID S]VANTS HAVE MADE !IR MA/] DECL>E HIMSELF 9 P]PETUAL M9ORITY1 & 9CAPABLE ( EXECUT+ HIS CIVIL & POLITICAL RI<TS4 

,! WOR/ ( ?IS SY/EM IS NOT SO MU* ! 9EVITABLE RU9 ( ! MA/]1 AS ! HATR$ & SCORN :I* HIS S]VANTS BE> T[>D HIM2 NOT KN[+ HIM1 KN[+ ONLY HIS HEAD SUP]9T5D5TS1 FROM :OM !Y RECEIVE !IR APPO9TM5TS & TAKE !IR ORD]S1 & :OSE P>T !Y ALWAYS TAKE AGA9/ ! SOV]EIGN ,PEOPLE4 

,ATTACK+ ?IS SY/EM ON ! FRONT1 WE HAVE SAID3 

,! ,PEOPLE IS A COLLECTIVE 5TITY4 

,!Y :O HAVE EXPLOIT$ ! ,PEOPLE FROM TIME IMMEMORIAL /ILL HOLD IT 9 S]VITUDE1 /& UPON ?IS COLLECTIVITY ( ITS NATURE1 & D$UCE FROM ?IS ITS LEGAL 9CAPACITY1 :I* REQUIRES !IR P]SONAL CONTROL4 ,WE1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 FROM ?AT COLLECTIVITY ( ! ,PEOPLE1 DRAW PRO( ?AT IT IS COMPLETELY & P]FECTLY CAPABLE1 ?AT IT CAN DO ANY?+1 & NE$S NO ONE TO RE/RA9 IT4 ,! ONLY QUE/ION IS H[ TO GIVE FULL PLAY TO ITS P[]S4 

,?US1 9 SPEAK+ ( ! PUBLIC DEBT1 WE HAVE %[N ?AT ! ,PEOPLE PRECISELY BECAUSE IT IS MULTIPLE1 C\LD ORGANIZE ITS [N CR$IT V]Y WELL1 & HAS NO NE$ TO 5T] 9TO RELATIONS ) MONEY L5D]S4 ,& WE HAVE DONE AWAY ) DEBTS3 NO MORE LOANS1 NO MORE L$G] ACC\NT1 NO MORE 9T]M$I>IES1 NO MORE ,/ATE1 BETWE5 ! CAPITALI/S & ! ,PEOPLE4 

,PUBLIC WOR%IP HAS BE5 DISPOS$ ( 9 ! SAME WAY4 ,:AT IS ! PRIE/8 WE HAVE ASK$4 ,AN 9T]M$I>Y BETWE5 ! ,PEOPLE & ,GOD4 ,:AT IS ,GOD HIMSELF8 ,ANO!R SUP]NATURAL & IMAG9>Y 9T]M$I>Y BETWE5 ! NATURAL 9/9CTS ( MAN & HIS REASON4 ,CANNOT MAN DO :AT HIS REASON PO9TS TO1 )\T BE+ CON/RA9$ BY RESPECT = A ,CREATOR8 ,?AT W\LD BE A CONTRADICTION4 ,9 ANY CASE1 FAI? BE+ FREE & OPTIONAL1 & EA* ONE CON/RUCT+ HIS [N RELIGION1 WOR%IP BECOMES A MATT] = ! 9W>D TRIBUNAL AN AFFAIR ( CONSCI5CE1 NOT ( MAT]IAL USE4 ,ALMSGIV+ HAS BE5 SUPPRESS$4 

,! JUDICI>Y TOO HAS GONE4 ,:AT IS ,JU/ICE8 ,MUTUAL GU>ANTIES2 ?AT :I* = TWO HUNDR$ YE>S WE HAVE CALL$ ! ,SOCIAL ,CONTRACT4 ,EV]Y MAN :O HAS SIGN$ ?IS CONTRACT IS FIT TO BE A JUDGE3 JU/ICE = ALL2 AU?ORITY = NONE4 ,AS = PROC$URE1 ! %ORTE/ IS ! BE/4 ,D[N ) TRIBUNALS & JURISDICTIONS6 

,LA/ CAME ADM9I/RATION1 ACCOMPANI$ BY ! POLICE4 ,\R DECISION WAS TAK5 QUICKLY4 ,S9CE ! ,PEOPLE IS MULTIPLE & UNITY ( 9T]E/ CON/ITUTES ITS COLLECTIVITY1 C5TRALIZATION COMES AB\T ?R\< ?IS UNITY2 !RE IS NO NE$ ( C5TRALIZ]S4 ,LET EA* H\SEHOLD1 EA* FACTORY1 EA* ASSOCIATION1 EA* MUNICIPALITY1 EA* DI/RICT1 ATT5D TO ITS [N POLICE1 & ADM9I/] C>EFULLY ITS [N AFFAIRS1 & ! NATION WILL BE POLIC$ & ADM9I/]$4 ,:AT NE$ HAVE WE TO BE WAT*$ & RUL$1 & TO PAY1 YE> 9 & YE> \T1 #be MILLIONS8 ,LET US ABOLI% PREFECTS1 COMMISSION]S1 & POLICEM5 TOO4 

,! NEXT QUE/ION IS ( S*OOLS4 ,?IS TIME !RE IS NO IDEA ( SUPPRESSION1 BUT ONLY ( CONV]T+ A POLITICAL 9/ITUTION 9TO AN ECONOMIC ONE4 ,IF WE PRES]VE ! ME?ODS ( TEA*+ N[ 9 USE1 :Y %\LD WE NE$ ! 9T]V5TION ( ! ,/ATE8 

,A COMMUNITY NE$S A TEA*]4 ,IT *OOSES ONE AT ITS PLEASURE1 Y\NG OR OLD1 M>RI$ OR S+LE1 A GRADUATE ( ! ,NORMAL ,S*OOL OR SELF-TAU<T1 ) OR )\T A DIPLOMA4 ,! ONLY ?+ ?AT IS ESS5TIAL IS ?AT ! SAID TEA*] %\LD SUIT ! FA!RS ( FAMILIES1 & ?AT !Y %\LD BE FREE TO 5TRU/ !IR *ILDR5 TO !M OR NOT4 ,9 ?IS1 AS 9 O!R MATT]S1 IT IS ESS5TIAL ?AT ! TRANSACTION %\LD BE A FREE CONTRACT & SUBJECT TO COMPETITION2 SOME?+ ?AT IS IMPOSSIBLE UND] A SY/EM ( 9EQUALITY1 FAVORITISM1 & UNIV]SITY MONOPOLY1 OR ?AT ( A COALITION ( ,*UR* & ,/ATE4 

,AS = ! SO-CALL$ HI<] $UCATION1 ,I DO NOT SEE H[ ! PROTECTION ( ! ,/ATE IS NE$$1 ANY MORE ?AN 9 ! =M] CASE4 ,IS IT NOT ! SPONTANE\S RESULT1 ! NATURAL FOCUS ( L[] 9/RUCTION8 ,:Y %\LD NOT L[] 9/RUCTION BE C5TRALIZ$ 9 EA* DI/RICT1 9 EA* PROV9CE1 & A PORTION ( ! FUNDS DE/9$ = IT BE APPLI$ TO ! SUPPORT ( HI<] S*OOLS ?AT >E ?\<T NECESS>Y1 ( :I* ! TEA*+ /AFF %\LD BE *OS5 FROM ?AT ( ! L[] S*OOLS4 ,EV]Y SOLDI]1 IT IS SAID1 C>RIES A M>%AL'S BATON 9 HIS KNAPSACK4 ,IF ?AT IS NOT TRUE1 IT \<T TO BE4 ,:Y %\LD NOT EV]Y TEA*] BE> 9 HIS DIPLOMA ! TITLE ( UNIV]SITY PR(ESSOR8 ,:Y1 AFT] ! EXAMPLE ( :AT IS DONE 9 WORK+M5'S ASSOCIATIONS1 AS ! TEA*] IS RESPONSIBLE TO ! ,ACADEMIC ,C\NCIL1 %\LD NOT ! ,ACADEMIC ,C\NCIL BE APPO9T$ BY ! TEA*]S8 

,?US EV5 ) ! PRES5T SY/EM ( 9/RUCTION1 ! UNIV]SITY C5TRALIZATION 9 A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY IS AN ATTACK UPON PAT]NAL AU?ORITY1 & A CONFISCATION ( ! RI<TS ( ! TEA*]4 

,BUT LET US GO TO ! BOTTOM ( ! MATT]4 ,GOV]NM5TAL C5TRALIZATION 9 PUBLIC 9/RUCTION IS IMPOSSIBLE 9 ! 9DU/RIAL SY/EM1 = ! DECISIVE REASON ?AT 9/RUCTION IS 9SEP>ABLE FROM APPR5TICE%IP1 & SCI5TIFIC $UCATION IS 9SEP>ABLE FROM PR(ESSIONAL $UCATION4 ,SO ?AT ! TEA*]1 ! PR(ESSOR1 :5 HE IS NOT HIMSELF ! =EMAN1 IS BE=E EV]Y?+ ! MAN ( ! ASSOCIATION ( ! AGRICULTURAL OR 9DU/RIAL GR\P :I* EMPLOYS HIM4 ,AS ! *ILD IS ! PL$GE1 PIGNUS1 BETWE5 ! P>5TS1 SO ! S*OOL BECOMES ! BOND BETWE5 ! 9DU/RIAL ASSOCIATIONS & FAMILIES3 IT IS UNFITT+ ?AT IT %\LD BE DIVORC$ FROM ! WORK%OP1 &1 UND] ! PLEA ( P]FECT+ IT1 %\LD BE SUBJECT$ TO EXT]NAL P[]4 

,TO SEP>ATE TEA*+ FROM APPR5TICE%IP1 AS IS DONE TO-DAY1 &1 :AT IS /ILL MORE OBJECTIONABLE1 TO DI/+UI% BETWE5 PR(ESSIONAL $UCATION & ! REAL1 S]I\S1 DAILY1 USEFUL PRACTICE ( ! PR(ESSION1 IS TO REPRODUCE 9 ANO!R =M ! SEP>ATION ( P[]S & ! DI/9CTION ( CLASSES1 ! WO MO/ P[]FUL 9/RUM5TS ( GOV]NM5TAL TYRANNY & ! SUBJECTION ( ! WORK]S4 

,LET ! WORK+ CLASS ?9K ( ?IS4 

,IF ! S*OOL ( M9ES IS ANY?+ ELSE ?AN ! ACTUAL WORK 9 ! M9ES1 ACCOMPANI$ BY ! /UDIES SUITABLE = ! M9+ 9DU/RY1 ! S*OOL WILL HAVE = ITS OBJECT1 TO MAKE1 NOT M9]S1 BUT *IEFS ( M9]S1 >I/OCRATS4 

,IF ! S*OOL ( >TS & CRAFTS IS ANY?+ BUT ! >T OR CRAFT TAU<T1 ITS AIM WILL SOON BE TO MAKE1 NOT >TISANS1 BUT DIRECTORS ( >TISANS1 >I/OCRATS4 

,IF ! S*OOL ( COMM]CE IS ANY?+ BUT ! /ORE1 ! C\NT+ H\SE1 IT WILL NOT BE US$ TO MAKE TRAD]S1 BUT CAPTA9S ( 9DU/RY1 >I/OCRATS4 

,IF ! NAVAL S*OOL IS ANY?+ BUT ACTUAL S]VICE ON BO>D %IP1 9CLUD+ EV5 ! S]VICE ( ! CAB9 BOY1 IT WILL S]VE ONLY AS A MEANS ( M>K+ TWO CLASSES1 SAILORS & (FIC]S4 

,?US WE SEE ?+S GO UND] \R SY/EM ( POLITICAL OPPRESSION & 9DU/RIAL *AOS4 ,\R S*OOLS1 :5 !Y >E NOT E/ABLI%M5TS ( LUXURY OR PRETEXTS = S9ECURES1 >E SEM9>IES ( >I/OCRAC4 ,IT WAS NOT = ! ,PEOPLE ?AT ! ,POLYTE*NIC1 ! ,NORMAL ,S*OOL1 ! MILIT>Y S*OOL AT ,/4 ,CYR1 ! ,S*OOL ( ,LAW1 W]E F\ND$2 IT WAS TO SUPPORT1 /R5G!N1 & =TIFY ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 CLASSES1 9 ORD] TO COMPLETE & MAKE IRREVOCABLE ! SPLIT BETWE5 ! WORK+ CLASS & ! UPP] CLASS4 

,9 A REAL DEMOCRACY1 9 :I* EA* MEMB] %\LD HAVE 9/RUCTION1 BO? ORD9>Y & ADVANC$1 UND] HIS CONTROL 9 HIS HOME1 ?IS SUP]IORITY FROM S*OOL+ W\LD NOT EXI/4 ,IT IS CONTRADICTORY TO ! PR9CIPLE ( SOCIETY4 ,BUT :5 $UCATION IS M]G$ 9 APPR5TICE%IP2 :5 IT CONSI/S1 AS = !ORY1 9 ! CLASSIFICATION ( IDEAS2 AS = PRACTICE1 9 ! SPECIALIZATION ( WORK2 :5 IT BECOMES AT ONCE A MATT] ( TRA9+ ! M9D & ( APPLICATION TO PRACTICAL AFFAIRS 9 ! WORK%OP & 9 ! H\SE1 IT CANNOT ANY LONG] DEP5D UPON ! ,/ATE3 IT IS 9COMPATIBLE ) GOV]NM5T4 ,LET !RE BE 9 ! ,REPUBLIC A C5TRAL BUREAU ( $UCATION1 ANO!R ( MANUFACTURES & >TS1 AS !RE IS N[ AN ,ACADEMY ( ,SCI5CES & AN ,(FICE ( ,LONGITUDE4 ,I SEE NO OBJECTION4 ,BUT AGA91 :AT NE$ = AU?ORITY8 ,:Y SU* AN 9T]M$I>Y BETWE5 ! /UD5T & ! S*OOLROOM1 BETWE5 ! %OP & ! APPR5TICE1 :5 IT IS NOT ADMITT$ BETWE5 ! WORKMAN & ! EMPLOY]8 

,! ?REE BUREAUS1 ( ,PUBLIC ,WORKS1 ( ,AGRICULTURE & ,COMM]CE1 & ( ,F9ANCE1 WILL ALL DISAPPE> 9 ! ECONOMIC ORGANISM4 

,! FIR/ IS IMPOSSIBLE1 = TWO REASONS3 #b/1 ! CONTROL UND]TAK+ SU* WORKS WILL BELONG TO ! MUNICIPALITIES1 & TO DI/RICTS )9 !IR JURISDICTION4 #bND1 ! CONTROL ( C>RY+ !M \T WILL RE/ ) ! WORKM5'S ASSOCIATIONS4 

,UNLESS DEMOCRACY IS A FRAUD1 & ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! ,PEOPLE A JOKE1 IT MU/ BE ADMITT$ ?AT EA* CITIZ5 9 ! SPH]E ( HIS 9DU/RY1 EA* MUNICIPAL1DI/RICT OR PROV9CIAL C\NCIL )9 ITS [N T]RITORY1 IS ! ONLY NATURAL & LEGITIMATE REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ,SOV]EIGN1 & ?AT !RE=E EA* LOCALITY %\LD ACT DIRECTLY & BY ITSELF 9 ADM9I/]+ ! 9T]E/S :I* IT 9CLUDES1 & %\LD EX]CISE FULL SOV]EIGNTY 9 RELATION TO !M4 ,! ,PEOPLE IS NO?+ BUT ! ORGANIC UNION ( WILLS ?AT >E 9DIVIDUALLY FREE1 ?AT CAN & %\LD VOLUNT>ILY WORK TOGE!R1 BUT ABDICATE NEV]4 ,SU* A UNION MU/ BE S\<T 9 ! H>MONY ( !IR 9T]E/S1 NOT 9 AN >TIFICIAL C5TRALIZATION1 :I*1 F> FROM EXPRESS+ ! COLLECTIVE WILL1 EXPRESSES ONLY ! ANTAGONISMS ( 9DIVIDUAL WILLS4 

,! DIRECT1 SOV]EIGN 9ITIATIVE ( LOCALITIES1 9 >RANG+ = PUBLIC WORKS ?AT BELONG TO !M1 IS A CONSEQU5CE ( ! DEMOCRATIC PR9CIPLE & ! FREE CONTRACT3 !IR SUBORD9ATION TO ! ,/ATE IS AN 9V5TION ( '#i#c1 & A RETURN TO FEUDALISM4 ,?IS WAS ! ESPECIAL WORK ( ,ROBESPI]RE & ! ,JACOB9S1 & ! MO/ DEADLY BL[ AT POPUL> LIB]TY4 ,! FRUITS ( IT >E WELL KN[N3 )\T C5TRALIZ$ ,P[]1 WE %\LD NEV] HAVE HAD ! ABSURD COMPETITION ( TWO ROADS FROM ,P>IS TO ,V]SAILLES2 )\T C5TRALIZ$ ,P[]1 WE %\LD NEV] HAVE HAD ! =TIFICATIONS ( ,P>IS & ( ,LYONS1 ) DETA*$ =TS2 )\T C5TRALIZ$ ,P[]1 ! RADIAL SY/EM ( RAILROADS W\LD NEV] HAVE OBTA9$ ! PREF]5CE2 )\T C5TRALIZ$ ,P[]1 :I* ALWAYS DRAWS TO ITSELF ! MO/ IMPORTANT MATT]S1 9 ORD] TO USE !M1 TO WORK !M1 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ITS CREATURES & HANG]S-ON1 WE %\LD NOT SEE EV]Y DAY PUBLIC PROP]TY GIV5 AWAY1 PUBLIC S]VICE MONOPOLIZ$1 TAXES WA/$1 SQU&]+ REMUN]AT$1 ! =TUNE ( ! PEOPLE EAG]LY SACRIFIC$ BY !IR LEGISLATORS & M9I/]S4 

,I MAY ADD ?AT1 CONTR>Y AS IS ! SUPREMACY ( ! ,/ATE TO DEMOCRATIC PR9CIPLES 9 ! MATT] ( PUBLIC WORKS1 IT IS ALSO 9COMPATIBLE ) ! RI<TS ( WORK]S CREAT$ BY ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,WE HAVE ALREADY HAD OCCASION TO %[1 ESPECIALLY 9 CONNECTION ) ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A ,NATIONAL ,BANK & ! =MATION ( WORK]S' SOCIETIES1 ?AT 9 ! ECONOMIC ORD] LABOR SUBORD9AT$ TO ITSELF BO? TAL5T & CAPITAL4 ,?IS ! MORE1 BECAUSE ?AT UND] ! OP]ATION1 SOMETIMES SIMULTANE\S1 SOMETIMES 9DEP5D5T1 ( ! DIVISION ( LABOR & ( COLLECTIVE P[]1 IT BECOMES NECESS>Y = ! WORK]S TO =M !MSELVES 9TO DEMOCRATIC SOCIETIES1 ) EQUAL CONDITIONS = ALL MEMB]S1 ON PA9 ( A RELAPSE 9TO FEUDALISM4 ,AMONG ! 9DU/RIES :I* DEM& ?IS =M ( ORGANIZATION1 WE HAVE ALREADY M5TION$ RAILROADS4 ,WE MAY ADD TO !SE ! CON/RUCTION & SUPPORT ( ROADS1 BRIDGES & H>BORS1 & ! WORK ( AF=E/ATION1 CLE>+1 DRA9AGE1 @&C41 9 A WORD1 ALL ?AT WE >E 9 ! HABIT ( CONSID]+ 9 ! DOMA9 ( ! ,/ATE4 

,IF IT BECOMES !NCE=? IMPOSSIBLE TO REG>D AS M]E M]C5>IES ! WORKM5 :O >E CLOSELY OR DI/ANTLY CONNECT$ ) ! ASSOCIATIONS = BUILD+S1 = WAT]S & =E/S1 = M9ES2 IF WE >E TO BE =C$ TO SEE ?IS L[ MOB AS SOV]EIGN SOCIETIES2 H[ CAN WE MA9TA9 ! HI]>*ICAL RELATIONS ( ! M9I/] TO ! HEADS ( DEP>TM5TS1 ( HEADS ( DEP>TM5TS TO 5G9E]S1 & ( 5G9E]S TO WORK]S2 H[1 9 %ORT1 PRES]VE ! SUPREMACY ( ! ,/ATE8 

,! WORKM51 MU* ELAT$ BY ! USE ( ! POLITICAL RI<TS CONF]R$ UPON !M1 WILL DESIRE TO EX]CISE !M 9 !IR FULLNESS4 ,ASSOCIAT+ !MSELVES1 !Y WILL FIR/ *OOSE LEAD]S1 5G9E]S1 >*ITECTS1 ACC\NTANTS2 !N !Y WILL B>GA9 DIRECTLY1 AS ONE P[] ) ANO!R1 ) MUNICIPAL & DI/RICT AU?ORITIES = ! EXECUTION ( PUBLIC WORKS4 ,F> FROM SUBMITT+ TO ! ,/ATE1 !Y WILL !MSELVES BE ! ,/ATE2 ?AT IS TO SAY1 9 ALL ?AT CONC]NS !IR 9DU/RIAL SPECIALTY1 !Y WILL BE ! DIRECT1 ACTIVE REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ,SOV]EIGN4 ,LET !M SET UP AN ADM9I/RATION1 OP5 CR$IT1 GIVE PL$GES1 & ! ,C\NTRY WILL F9D 9 !M A GU>ANTEE SUP]IOR TO ! ,/ATE2 = !Y WILL BE RESPONSIBLE AT LEA/ = !IR [N ACTS1 :ILE ! ,/ATE IS RESPONSIBLE = NO?+4 

,%ALL ,I SPEAK ( ! ,M9I/RY ( ,AGRICULTURE & ,COMM]CE8 ,! BUDGET = ?IS DEP>TM5T AM\NTS TO @s#e1#e11 :I* IS SQU&]$ 9 SUBSIDIES1 BONUSES1 ALL[ANCES1 PREMIUMS1 REMITTANCES1 SECRET FUNDS1 SUP]VISION1 C5TRAL S]VICE1 @&C4 ,TRANSLAT$1 ?IS MEANS1 FAVORS1 CORRUPTIONS1 S9ECURES1 P>ASITISM1 ROBB]Y4 

,?US = 9/RUCTION 9 AGRICULTURE & ITS V>I\S AIDS1 ,I F9D @s#f#d14 ,IT IS SAFE TO SAY1 NOT)/&+ MY RESPECT = ! E/IMABLE PR(ESSORS1 ?AT @s#f#d1 WOR? ( GUANO W\LD BE ( MORE USE TO ! PEASANTS ?AN !IR LESSONS4 

,= ! VET]9>Y S*OOL & ! /UD1 ,I F9D @s#f#h#e14 ,DESPITE !SE1 ! HORSES 9 ,FRANCE >E CONT9UALLY DET]IORAT+1 & !RE >E NOT 5\< ( !M4 ,WE CAN LET ! ,JOCKEY ,CLUB GO !N1 & LET ! BRE$]S ALONE4 

,= ! MANUFACTURES ( ,SEVRES1 ,GOBEL9S1 ,BEAUVAIS1 = ! ,CONS]VATORY1 ! ,S*OOLS ( ,>TS & ,CRAFTS1 ! SUBSIDIES TO COMM]CE & MANUFACTURES1 @s#g#e#i1#f#a#e4 ,:AT DO !SE MANUFACTURES PRODUCE8 ,NO?+1 NOT EV5 MA/]PIECES4 ,:AT PROGRESS DO \R S*OOLS EFFECT 9 9DU/RY8 ,NONE4 ,!Y DO NOT EV5 TEA* !RE ! TRUE PR9CIPLES ( 9T]NATIONAL ECONOMICS4 ,:AT 5D DO !SE 5C\RAGEM5TS TO COMM]CE S]VE8 ,NONE1 EVID5TLY4 ,! PORTFOLIO ( ! ,BANK EMPTIES ITSELF EV]Y DAY6 

,= SEA FI%+1 @s#h11 9T5D$ TO 5C\RAGE ! SAILOR POPULATION4 ,!RE IS MOREOV] 9 ! BUDGET @s#h1 RECEIV$ = LIC5SES LEVI$ UPON !SE SAME FI%]IES3 IT FOLL[S ?AT WE >E PAY+ @s#a1#f1 EXTRA ?AT WE MAY EAT SEA FI%1 & ?AT )\T ?IS WE C\LD NOT MEET ! COMPETITION ( =EIGN FI%+ FLEETS6 ,W\LD IT NOT BE EASI] TO REMOVE ! @s#a1#f1 ( TAXES & EXP5SES ( EV]Y SORT1 :I* WEI< D[N ! [N]S ( ! VESSELS2 ?AT IS TO SAY1 TO ABOLI% M9I/]IAL ACTION AS F> AS !Y >E CONC]N$8 

,! MO/ CURI\S ( ! >TICLES ( ?IS DEP>TM5T IS ?AT :I* DEALS ) WORKM5'S ASSOCIATIONS4 ,I AM NOT JOK+3 S9CE #a#h#d#h1 ! ,GOV]NM5T HAS SET ITSELF TO PAY A LIC5SE = ,SOCIALISM4 ,= ! SUP]VISION ( ASSOCIATIONS1 @s#a#e1#d4 

,LET ! ,GOV]NM5T GIVE AS MU* TO !M 9/EAD4 ,!Y WILL BE GLAD TO GET IT1 & ! ,GOV]NM5T WILL HAVE SO MU* ! LESS TR\BLE4 

,F9ALLY1 TO SUPPORT1 DIRECT1 SUP]VISE1 PAY =1 ALL ?IS P>ASITISM1 @s#a#d#b1#f#c1 = :AT IS CALL$ ! C5TRAL ADM9I/RATION4 ,D\BLE ?AT SUM3 D\BLE ! BUDGET = ,AGRICULTURE & ,COMM]CE1 & LET ! ,/ATE REFRA9 FROM 9T]F]+ ) AGRICULTURE1 COMM]CE1 9DU/RY1 HORSE-RAIS+1 & FI%]IES1 & LET IT TURN !M OV] TO WORKM5'S ASSOCIATIONS1 :O WILL MAKE !M WOR? SOME?+1 UND] ! DIRECTION ( M5 ( SCI5CE & >TI/S2 & ! ,/ATE1 PAID = DO+ NO?+1 WILL = ! FIR/ TIME HAVE AID$ ORD]4 

,AS = ! ,M9I/RY ( ,F9ANCE1 IT IS EVID5T ?AT ITS FUNCTIONS >E 5TIRELY CONF9$ TO ! O!R ,M9I/RIES4 ,! F9ANCES >E TO ! ,/ATE :AT ! HAYRACK IS TO ! ASS4 ,SUPPRESS ! POLITICAL MA*9E1 & Y\ WILL HAVE LEFT AN ADM9I/RATION ( :I* ! SOLE OBJECT IS TO PROCURE & DI/RIBUTE SUBSI/5CE4 ,DI/RICTS & MUNICIPALITIES1 RESUM+ ! CONTROL ( !IR PUBLIC WORKS1 >E AS CAPABLE ( PAY+ !IR [N EXP5SES AS ( PLANN+ !M3 ! F9ANCIAL 9T]M$I>Y DISAPPE>S3 AT ! MO/ WE MI<T RETA91 AS A G5]AL BUREAU ( /ATI/ICS1 ! ,*AMB] ( ,ACC\NTS4 

#f4 ,=EIGN ,AFFAIRS1 ,W>1 ,NAVY4 

,HE ?AT IS GUILTY ( ONE IS GUILTY ( ALL1 SAYS ! ,GOSPEL4 ,IF ! ,REVOLUTION ALL[S ANY PORTION ( GOV]NM5T TO REMA91 IT WILL SOON RETURN 9 ITS 5TIRETY4 ,BUT H[ CAN WE DISP5SE ) GOV]NM5T 9 DEAL+ ) =EIGN AFFAIRS8 

,A NATION IS A COLLECTIVE BE+ :I* CONT9UALLY DEALS ) O!R COLLECTIVE BE+S LIKE ITSELF2 :I* !RE=E MU/ E/ABLI% AN ORGAN1 A REPRES5TATIVE1 9 %ORT1 A GOV]NM5T = ITS 9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS4 ,H]E AT LEA/1 !N1 IS NOT ! ,REVOLUTION AB\T TO BE FALSE TO ITS [N PR9CIPLE2 & TO JU/IFY ITS LAPSE BY QUOT+ ! /UPID PRET5SE ?AT ! EXCEPTION PROVES ! RULE8 ,?AT W\LD BE DEPLORABLE1 & MOREOV] IS 9ADMISSIBLE4 ,IF ! GOV]NM5T IS 9DISP5SABLE = DIPLOMACY1 IT IS AS MU* SO = W> & = ! NAVY2 &1 AS ALL IS COMPRIS$ 9 P[] & SOCIETY1 WE %\LD SOON SEE GOV]NM5TALISM REE/ABLI% ITSELF 9 ! POLICE1 !N 9 ! ADM9I/RATION1 !N 9 ! JUDICI>Y1 & !N :]E W\LD ! ,REVOLUTION BE8 

,?IS DWELL+ UPON =EIGN POLITICS IS :AT BE/ %[S H[ WEAK IS /ILL ! CONCEPTION ( ! ,REVOLUTION AMONG US4 ,IT %[S A PREJUDIC$ FIDELITY TO ! TRADITIONS ( DESPOTISM1 & A DANG]\S LEAN9 T[>D C\NT]-REVOLUTION 9 ,EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY1 UNCEAS+LY BUSY 9 MA9TA9+ ! BALANCE ( P[] AMONG ! NATIONS4 

,LET US TRY1 9 ?IS AS 9 O!R MATT]S1 TO RECON/RUCT \R IDEAS1 & TO FREE \RSELVES FROM HABIT4 

,AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION HAS BE5 ACCOMPLI%$ AT HOME WILL IT ALSO BE ACCOMPLI%$ ABROAD8 

,:O CAN D\BT IT8 ,! ,REVOLUTION W\LD BE VA9 IF IT W]E NOT CONTAGI\S3 IT W\LD P]I%1 EV5 9 ,FRANCE1 IF IT FAIL$ TO BECOME UNIV]SAL4 ,EV]YBODY IS CONV9C$ ( ?AT4 ,! LEA/ 5?USIA/IC SPIRITS DO NOT BELIEVE IT NECESS>Y = REVOLUTION>Y ,FRANCE TO 9T]F]E AMONG O!R NATIONS BY =CE ( >MS3 IT WILL BE 5\< = H] TO SUPPORT1 BY H] EXAMPLE & H] 5C\RAGEM5T1 ANY EF=T ( ! PEOPLE ( =EIGN NATIONS TO FOLL[ H] EXAMPLE4 

,:AT !N IS ! ,REVOLUTION1 COMPLET$ ABROAD AS WELL AS AT HOME8 

,CAPITALI/IC & PROPRIET>Y EXPLOITATION /OPP$ EV]Y:]E1 ! WAGE SY/EM ABOLI%$1 EQUAL & JU/ EX*ANGE GU>ANTE$1 VALUE CON/ITUT$1 *EAPNESS ASSUR$1 ! PR9CIPLE ( PROTECTION *ANG$1 & ! M>KETS ( ! WORLD OP5$ TO ! PRODUC]S ( ALL NATIONS2 CONSEQU5TLY ! B>RI] /RUCK D[N1 ! ANCI5T LAW ( NATIONS REPLAC$ BY COMM]CIAL AGREEM5TS2 POLICE1 JUDICI>Y ADM9I/RATION1 EV]Y:]E COMMITT$ TO ! H&S ( ! WORK]S2 ! ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION REPLAC+ ! GOV]NM5TAL & MILIT>Y SY/EM 9 ! COLONIES AS WELL AS 9 ! GREAT CITIES2 F9ALLY1 ! FREE & UNIV]SAL COMM+L+ ( RACES UND] ! LAW ( CONTRACT ONLY3 ?AT IS ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,IS IT POSSIBLE ?AT 9 ?IS /ATE ( AFFAIRS1 9 :I* ALL 9T]E/S1 AGRICULTURAL1 F9ANCIAL & 9DU/RIAL1 >E ID5TICAL & 9T]WOV51 9 :I* ! GOV]NM5TAL PROTECTORATE HAS NO?+ TO DO1 EI!R AT HOME OR ABROAD1 IS IT POSSIBLE ?AT ! NATIONS WILL CONT9UE TO =M DI/9CT POLITICAL BODIES1 ?AT !Y WILL HOLD !MSELVES SEP>ATE1 :5 !IR PRODUC]S & CONSUM]S >E M+L$1 ?AT !Y WILL /ILL MA9TA9 DIPLOMACY1 TO SETTLE CLAIMS1 TO DET]M9E PR]OGATIVES1 TO >RANGE DIFF]5CES1 TO EX*ANGE GU>ANTIES1 TO SIGN TREATIES1 @&C41 )\T ANY OBJECT8 

,TO ASK SU* A QUE/ION IS TO ANSW] IT4 ,IT NE$S NO DEMON/RATION2 ONLY SOME EXPLANATIONS FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( NATIONALITIES4 

,LET US RECALL ! PR9CIPLE4 ,! REASON = ! 9/ITUTION ( GOV]NM5T1 AS WE HAVE SAID1 IS ! ECONOMIC *AOS4 ,:5 ! ,REVOLUTION HAS REGULAT$ ?IS *AOS1 & ORGANIZ$ ! 9DU/RIAL =CES1 !RE IS NO FUR!R PRETEXT = POLITICAL C5TRALIZATION2 IT IS ABSORB$ 9 9DU/RIAL SOLID>ITY1 A SOLID>ITY :I* IS BAS$ UPON G5]AL REASON1 & ( :I* WE MAY SAY1 AS ,PASCAL SAID ( ! UNIV]SE1 ?AT ITS C5T] IS EV]Y:]E1 ITS CIRCUMF]5CE NO:]E4 

,:5 ! 9/ITUTION ( GOV]NM5T HAS BE5 ABOLI%$1 & REPLAC$ BY ! ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION1 ! PROBLEM ( ! UNIV]SAL ,REVOLUTION IS SOLV$4 ,! DREAM ( ,NAPOLEON IS REALIZ$1 & ! *IM]A ( ! ,DEAN ( ,/4 ,PET]'S BECOMES A NECESSITY4 

,IT IS ! GOV]NM5TS :O1 PRET5D+ TO E/ABLI% ORD] AMONG M51 >RANGE !M =?) 9 HO/ILE CAMPS1 & AS !IR ONLY OCCUPATION IS TO PRODUCE S]VITUDE AT HOME1 !IR >T LIES 9 MA9TA9+ W> ABROAD1 W> 9 FACT OR W> 9 PROSPECT4 

,! OPPRESSION ( PEOPLES & !IR MUTUAL HATR$ >E TWO CORRELATIVE1 9SEP>ABLE FACTS1 :I* REPRODUCE EA* O!R1 & :I* CANNOT COME TO AN 5D EXCEPT SIMULTANE\SLY1 BY ! DE/RUCTION ( !IR COMMON CAUSE1 GOV]NM5T4 

,?IS IS :Y NATIONS WILL 9EVITABLY REMA9 AT W>1 AS LONG AS !Y REMA9 UND] ! RULE ( K+S1 TRIBUNES1 OR DICTATORS2 AS LONG AS !Y OBEY A VISIBLE AU?ORITY1 E/ABLI%$ 9 !IR MID/1 FROM :I* EMANATE ! LAWS :I* GOV]N !M3 NO ,HOLY ,ALLIANCE1 ,DEMOCRATIC ,CONGRESS1 ,AMPHICTYONIC ,C\NCIL1 NOR ,C5TRAL ,EUROPEAN ,COMMITTEE CAN HELP ! MATT]4 ,GREAT BODIES ( M5 ?US CON/ITUT$ >E NECESS>ILY OPPOS$ 9 9T]E/S2 AS !Y CANNOT M]GE1 !Y CANNOT RECOGNIZE JU/ICE3 BY W> OR BY DIPLOMACY1 NOT LESS DEADLY ?AN W>1 MU/ QU>REL & FI<T4 

,NATIONALITY1 >\S$ BY ! ,/ATE1 OPPOSES AN 9V9CIBLE RESI/ANCE TO ECONOMIC UNITY3 ?IS EXPLA9S :Y MON>*Y WAS NEV] ABLE TO BECOME UNIV]SAL4 ,UNIV]SAL MON>*Y IS1 9 POLITICS1 :AT SQU>+ ! CIRCLE OR P]PETUAL MOTION >E 9 MA!MATICS1 A CONTRADICTION4 ,A NATION CAN PUT UP ) A GOV]NM5T AS LONG AS ITS ECONOMIC =CES >E UNORGANIZ$1 & AS LONG AS ! GOV]NM5T IS ITS [N1 ! NATIONALISM ( ! P[] CAUS+ AN ILLUSION AS TO ! VALIDITY ( ! PR9CIPLE2 ! GOV]NM5T MA9TA9S ITSELF ?R\< AN 9T]M9ABLE SUCCESSION ( MON>*IES1 >I/OCRACIES1 & DEMOCRACIES4 ,BUT IF ! ,P[] IS EXT]NAL1 ! NATION FEELS IT AS AN 9SULT3 REVOLT IS 9 EV]Y HE>T1 IT CANNOT LA/4 

,:AT NO MON>*Y1 NOT EV5 ?AT ( ! ,ROMAN EMP]ORS1 HAS BE5 ABLE TO ACCOMPLI%2 :AT ,*RI/IANITY1 ?AT EPITOME ( ! ANCI5T FAI?S1 HAS BE5 UNABLE TO PRODUCE1 ! UNIV]SAL ,REPUBLIC1 ! ECONOMIC ,REVOLUTION1 WILL ACCOMPLI%1 CANNOT FAIL TO ACCOMPLI%4 

,IT IS 9DE$ ) POLITICAL ECONOMY AS ) O!R SCI5CES3 IT IS 9EVITABLY ! SAME ?R\<\T ! WORLD3 IT DOES NOT DEP5D UPON ! FANCIES ( M5 OR A ,RUSSIAN1 ,5GLI%1 ,AU/RIAN1 ,T>T>1 OR ,H9DU POLITICAL ECONOMY1 ANY MORE ?AN !RE IS A ,HUNG>IAN1 ,G]MAN1 OR ,AM]ICAN PHYSICS OR GEOMETRY4 ,TRU? ALONE IS EQUAL EV]Y:]E3 SCI5CE IS ! UNITY ( MANK9D4 

,IF !N SCI5CE1 & NO LONG] RELIGION OR AU?ORITY1 IS TAK5 9 EV]Y L& AS ! RULE ( SOCIETY1 ! SOV]EIGN >BIT] ( 9T]E/S1 GOV]NM5T BECOM+ VOID1 ALL ! LEGISLATION ( ! UNIV]SE WILL BE 9 H>MONY4 ,!RE WILL NO LONG] BE NATIONALITY1 NO LONG] FA!RL&1 9 ! POLITICAL S5SE ( ! WORDS3 !Y WILL MEAN ONLY PLACES ( BIR?4 ,MAN1 ( :ATEV] RACE OR COLOR HE MAY BE1 IS AN 9HABITANT ( ! UNIV]SE2 CITIZ5%IP IS EV]Y:]E AN ACQUIR$ RI<T4 ,AS 9 A LIMIT$ T]RITORY ! MUNICIPALITY REPRES5TS ! ,REPUBLIC1 & WIELDS ITS AU?ORITY1 EA* NATION ON ! GLOBE REPRES5TS HUMANITY1 & ACTS = IT )9 ! B\ND>IES ASSIGN$ BY ,NATURE4 ,H>MONY REIGNS1 )\T DIPLOMACY & )\T C\NCIL1 AMONG ! NATIONS3 NO?+ H5CE=W>D CAN DI/URB IT4 

,:AT PURPOSE C\LD !RE BE = 5T]+ 9TO DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS AMONG NATIONS :O HAD ADOPT$ ! REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAM3 

,NO MORE GOV]NM5TS1 

,NO MORE CONQUE/S1 

,NO MORE 9T]NATIONAL POLICE1 

,NO MORE COMM]CIAL PRIVILEGES1 

,NO MORE COLONIAL EXCLUSIONS1 

,NO MORE CONTROL ( ONE PEOPLE BY ANO!R1 ONE ,/ATE BY ANO!R1 

,NO MORE /RATEGIC L9ES1 

,NO MORE =TRESSES8 

,RUSSIA WANTS TO E/ABLI% H]SELF AT ,CON/ANT9OPLE1 AS %E IS E/ABLI%$ AT ,W>SAW2 ?AT IS TO SAY1 %E WANTS TO 9CLUDE ! ,BOSPHORUS & ! ,CAUCASUS 9 H] SPH]E4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 ! ,REVOLUTION WILL NOT P]MIT IT2 & TO MAKE SURE1 IT WILL BEG9 BY REVOLUTIONIZ+ ,POL&1 ,TURKEY1 & ALL ?AT IT CAN ( ! ,RUSSIAN PROV9CES1 UNTIL IT REA*ES ,/4 ,PET]SBURG4 ,?AT DONE1 :AT BECOMES ( ! ,RUSSIAN RELATIONS AT ,CON/ANT9OPLE & AT ,W>SAW8 ,!Y WILL BE ! SAME AS AT ,B]L9 & ,P>IS1 RELATIONS ( FREE & EQUAL EX*ANGE4 ,:AT BECOMES ( ,RUSSIA ITSELF8 ,IT BECOMES AN AGGLOM]ATION ( FREE & 9DEP5D5T NATIONALITIES1 UNIT$ ONLY BY ID5TITY ( LANGUAGE1 RESEMBLANCE ( OCCUPATIONS1 & T]RITORIAL CONDITIONS4 ,UND] SU* CONDITIONS CONQUE/ IS MEAN+LESS4 ,IF ,CON/ANT9OPLE BELONG$ TO ,RUSSIA1 ONCE ,RUSSIA WAS REVOLUTIONIZ$ ,CON/ANT9OPLE W\LD BELONG TO IT NEI!R MORE NOR LESS ?AN IF IT HAD NEV] LO/ ITS SOV]EIGNTY4 ,! ,EA/]N QUE/ION FROM ! ,NOR? CEASES TO EXI/4 

,5GL& WANTS TO HOLD ,EGYPT AS %E HOLDS ,MALTA1 ,CORFU1 ,GIBRALT>1 @&C4 ,! SAME ANSW] FROM ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,IT NOTIFIES ,5GL& TO REFRA9 FROM ANY ATTEMPT UPON ,EGYPT1 TO PLACE A LIMIT UPON H] 5CROA*M5TS & MONOPOLY2 & TO MAKE SURE1 IT 9VITES H] TO EVACUATE ! ISL&S & =TRESSES :5CE %E ?REAT5S ! LIB]TY ( ! NATIONS & ( ! SEAS4 ,IT W\LD BE TRULY A /RANGE MISCONCEPTION ( ! NATURE & ! SCOPE ( ! ,REVOLUTION TO IMAG9E ?AT IT W\LD LEAVE ,AU/RALIA & ,9DIA ! EXCLUSIVE PROP]TY ( ,5GL&1 AS WELL AS ! BA/IONS ) :I* %E HEMS 9 ! COMM]CE ( ! CONT95T4 ,! M]E PRES5CE ( ! ,5GLI% 9 ,J]SEY & ,GU]NSEY IS AN 9SULT TO ,FRANCE2 AS !IR EXPLOITATION ( ,IREL& & ,PORTUGAL IS AN 9SULT TO ,EUROPE2 AS !IR POSSESSION ( ,9DIA & !IR COMM]CE ) ,*9A IS AN \TRAGE UPON HUMANITY4 ,ALBION1 LIKE ! RE/ ( ! WORLD1 MU/ BE REVOLUTIONIZ$4 ,IF NECESS>Y TO =CE H]1 !RE >E PEOPLE H]E :O W\LD NOT F9D IT SO H>D A TASK4 ,! ,REVOLUTION COMPLET$ AT ,LONDON1 ,BRITI% PRIVILEGE EXTIRPAT$1 BURNT1 ?R[N TO ! W9DS1 :AT W\LD ! POSSESSION ( ,EGYPT MEAN TO ,5GL&8 ,NO MORE ?AN ?AT ( ,ALGI]S IS TO US4 ,ALL ! WORLD C\LD 5T]1 DEP>T1 TRADE AT WILL1 >RANGE = ! WORK+ ( ! AGRICULTURAL1 M9]AL & 9DU/RIAL RES\RCES3 ! ADVANTAGES W\LD BE ! SAME = ALL NATIONS4 ,! LOCAL P[] W\LD EXT5D ONLY TO ! CO/ ( ITS POLICE1 :I* COLONI/S & NATIVES W\LD DEFRAY4 

,!RE >E /ILL AMONG US ! *AUV9I/S :O MA9TA9 ABSOLUTELY ?AT ,FRANCE MU/ RECAPTURE H] NATURAL FRONTI]S4 ,!Y ASK TOO MU* OR TOO LITTLE4 ,FRANCE IS EV]Y:]E ?AT H] LANGUAGE IS SPOK51 H] ,REVOLUTION FOLL[$1 H] MANN]S1 H] >TS1 H] LIT]ATURE ADOPT$1 AS WELL AS H] MEASURES & H] MONEY4 ,C\NT+ ?US1 ALMO/ ! :OLE ( ,BELGIUM1 & CANTONS ( ,NEUF*ATEL1 ,VAUD1 ,G5EVA1 ,SAVOY1 & P>T ( ,PI$MONT BELONG TO H]2 BUT %E MU/ LOSE ,ALSACE1 PEHRAPS EV5 A P>T ( ,PROV5CE1 ,GASCONY & ,BRITTANY1 :OSE 9HABITANTS DO NOT SPEAK ,FR5*1 & SOME ( !M HAVE ALWAYS BE5 ( ! K+S' & PRIE/S' P>TY AGA9/ ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,BUT ( :AT USE >E !SE REPETITIONS8 ,IT WAS ! MANIA = ANNEXATIONS :I*1 UND] ! ,CONV5TION & ! ,DIRECTORY1 >\S$ ! DI/RU/ ( O!R NATIONS AGA9/ ! ,REPUBLIC1 & :I*1 GIV+ US A TA/E = ,BONAP>TE1 BR\<T US TO \R F9I% AT ,WAT]LOO4 ,REVOLUTIONIZE1 ,I TELL Y\4 ,Y\R FRONTI]S WILL ALWAYS BE LONG 5\< & ,FR5* 5\< IF !Y >E REVOLUTION>Y4 

,WILL ,G]MANY BE AN ,EMPIRE1 A UNIT>Y ,REPUBLIC1 OR A ,CONF$]ATION8 ,?IS FAM\S PROBLEM ( ,G]MANIC UNITY1 :I* MADE SO MU* NOISE SOME YE>S AGO1 HAS NO MEAN+ 9 ! FACE ( ! ,REVOLUTION2 :I* PROVES 9DE$ ?AT !RE HAS NEV] BE5 A ,REVOLUTION4 ,:AT >E ! ,/ATES1 9 ,G]MANY1 AS ELSE:]E8 ,TYRANNIES ( DIFF]5T DEGREES ( IMPORTANCE1 BAS$ ON ! 9V>IABLE PRETEXTS1 FIR/1 ( PROTECT+ ! NOBILITY & UPP] CLASS AGA9/ ! L[] CLASSES2 SECOND1 ( MA9TA9+ ! 9DEP5D5CE ( LOCAL SOV]EIGNTY4 ,AGA9/ !SE ,/ATES ! ,G]MAN DEMOCRACY HAS ALWAYS BE5 P[]LESS1 & :Y8 ,BECAUSE IT MOV$ 9 ! SPH]E ( POLITICAL RI<TS4 ,ORGANIZE ! ECONOMIC =CES ( ,G]MANY1 & IMM$IATELY POLITICAL CIRCLES1 ELECTORATES1 PR9CIPALITIES1 K+DOMS1 EMPIRES1 ALL >E EFFAC$1 EV5 ! ,T>IFF ,LEAGUE3 ,G]MAN UNITY SPR+S \T ( ! ABOLITION ( ITS ,/ATES4 ,:AT ! ANCI5T ,G]MANY NE$S IS NOT A CONF$]ATION BUT A LIQUIDATION4 

,UND]/& ONCE = ALL3 ! MO/ *>ACT]I/IC1 ! MO/ DECISIVE RESULT ( ! ,REVOLUTION IS1 AFT] HAV+ ORGANIZ$ LABOR & PROP]TY1 TO DO AWAY ) POLITICAL C5TRALIZATION1 9 A WORD1 ) ! ,/ATE1 & AS A CONSEQU5CE TO PUT AN 5D TO DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS AMONG NATIONS1 AS SOON AS !Y SUBSCRIBE TO ! REVOLUTION>Y COMPACT4 ,ANY RETURN TO ! TRADITIONS ( POLITICS1 ANY ANXIETY AS TO ! BALANCE ( P[] 9 ,EUROPE1 BAS$ ON ! PRETEXT ( NATIONALITY & ( ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ,/ATES1 ANY PROPOSITION TO =M ALLIANCES1 TO RECOGNIZE SOV]EIGNTIES1 TO RE/ORE PROV9CES1 TO *ANGE FRONTI]S1 W\LD BETRAY1 9 ! ORGANS ( ! MOVEM5T1 ! MO/ COMPLETE FAILURE TO UND]/& ! NE$S ( ! AGE1 SCORN ( SOCIAL RE=M1 & A PR$ILECTION = C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 

,! K+S MAY %>P5 !IR SWORDS = !IR LA/ CAMPAIGN4 ,! ,REVOLUTION 9 ! ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY HAS = ITS SUPREME TASK1 NOT SO MU* ! OV]?R[ ( !IR DYNA/IES1 AS ! D/RUCTION TO ! LA/ ROOT ( !IR 9/ITUTION4 ,BORN AS !Y >E TO W>1 $UCAT$ = W>1 SUPPORT$ BY W>1 DOME/IC & =EIGN1 ( :AT USE CAN !Y BE 9 A SOCIETY ( LABOR & PEACE8 ,H5CE=? !RE CAN BE NO MORE PURPOSE 9 W> ?AN 9 REFUSAL TO DIS>M4 ,UNIV]SAL BRO!RHOOD BE+ E/ABLI%$ UPON A SURE F\NDATION1 !RE IS NO?+ = ! REPRES5TATIVES ( DESPOTISM TO DO BUT TO TAKE !IR LEAVE4 ,H[ IS IT ?AT !Y DO NOT SEE ?AT ?IS ALWAYS 9CREAS+ DIFFICULTY ( EXI/5CE1 :I* !Y HAVE EXP]I5C$ S9CE ,WAT]LOO1 >ISES1 NOT AS !Y HAVE BE5 MADE TO ?9K1 FROM ! ,JACOB9 IDEAS1 :I* S9CE ! FALL ( ,NAPOLEON HAVE AGA9 BEGUN TO BESET ! MIDDLE CLASSES1 BUT FROM A SUBT]RANEAN WORK+ :I* HAS GONE ON ?R\<\T ,EUROPE1 UNKN[N TO /ATESM51 & :I*1 :ILE DEVELOP+ BEYOND MEASURE ! LATE/ =CES ( CIVILIZATION1 HAS MADE ! ORGANIZATION ( ?OSE =CES A SOCIAL NECESSITY1 AN 9EVITABLE NE$ ( REVOLUTION8 

,AS = ?OSE :O1 AFT] ! DEP>TURE ( K+S1 /ILL DREAM ( CONSULATES1 ( PRESID5CIES1 ( DICTATOR%IPS1 ( M>%AL%IPS1 ( ADMIRALTIES & ( AMBASSADOR%IPS1 !Y ALSO WILL DO WELL TO RETIRE4 ,! ,REVOLUTION1 HAV+ NO NE$ = !IR S]VICES1 CAN DISP5SE ) !IR TAL5TS4 ,! PEOPLE NO LONG] WANT ?IS CO9 ( MON>*Y3 !Y UND]/& ?AT1 :ATEV] PHRASEOLOGY IS US$1 FEUDAL SY/EM1 GOV]NM5TAL SY/EM1 MILIT>Y SY/EM1 P>LIAM5T>Y SY/EM1 SY/EM ( POLICE1 LAWS & TRIBUNALS1 & SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION1 CORRUPTION1 LY+ & POV]TY1 >E ALL SYNONYM\S4 ,F9ALLY !Y KN[ ?AT 9 DO+ AWAY ) R5T & 9T]E/1 ! LA/ REMNANTS ( ! OLD SLAV]Y1 ! ,REVOLUTION1 AT ONE BL[1 DOES AWAY ) ! SWORD ( ! EXECUTION]1 ! BLADE ( JU/ICE1 ! CLUB ( ! POLICEMAN1 ! GAUGE ( ! CU/OMS (FIC]1 ! ]AS+ KNIFE ( ! BUREAUCRAT1 ALL ?OSE 9SIGNIA ( GOV]NM5T :I* Y\NG ,LIB]TY GR9DS B5EA? H] HEEL 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 4444 

,FROM 3 FAIR-USE4ORG4 

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