,G5]AL ,REM>KS ON ! ,QUE/ION ( ,ORGANISATION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANTON ,PANNEKOEK 

,TEXT 3 

,PUBLI%$3 ,LIV+ ,M>XISM1 VOL4 #d1 NO4 #e4 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#c#h4 
,TRANSCRIB$ ,DAVID ,WALT]S_/,GREG ,AD>GO1 ,DECEMB]1 #b#a4 

,ORGANIZATION IS ! *IEF PR9CIPLE 9 ! WORK+ CLASS FI<T = 
EMANCIPATION4 ,H5CE ! =MS ( ?IS ORGANIZATION CON/ITUTE ! MO/ IMPORTANT 
PROBLEM 9 ! PRACTICE ( ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T4 ,IT IS CLE> ?AT !SE 
=MS DEP5D ON ! CONDITIONS ( SOCIETY & ! AIMS ( ! FI<T4 ,!Y CANNOT 
BE ! 9V5TION ( !ORY1 BUT HAVE TO BE BUILT UP SPONTANE\SLY BY ! WORK+ 
CLASS ITSELF1 GUID$ BY ITS IMM$IATE NECESSITIES4 

,) EXP&+ CAPITALISM ! WORK]S FIR/ BUILT !IR TRADE UNIONS4 ,! 
ISOLAT$ WORK] WAS P[]LESS AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/2 SO HE HAD TO UNITE ) 
HIS FELL[S 9 B>GA9+ & FI<T+ OV] ! PRICE ( HIS LABOR-P[] & 
! H\RS ( LABOR4 ,CAPITALI/S & WORK]S HAVE OPPOSITE 9T]E/S 9 
CAPITALI/IC PRODUCTION2 !IR CLASS /RUGGLE IS OV] ! DIVISION ( ! TOTAL 
PRODUCT BETWE5 !M4 ,9 NORMAL CAPITALISM1 ! WORK]S' %>E IS ! VALUE ( 
!IR LABOR P[]1 I4E41 :AT IS NECESS>Y TO SU/A9 & RE/ORE CONT9UALLY 
!IR CAPACITIES TO WORK4 ,! REMA9+ P>T ( ! PRODUCT IS ! SURPLUS 
VALUE1 ! %>E ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,! CAPITALI/S1 9 ORD] TO 9CREASE 
!IR PR(IT1 TRY TO L[] WAGES & 9CREASE ! H\RS ( LABOR4 ,:]E ! 
WORK]S W]E P[]LESS1 WAGES W]E DEPRESS$ BEL[ ! EXI/5CE M9IMUM2 ! 
H\RS ( LABOR W]E L5G!N$ UNTIL ! BODILY & M5TAL HEAL? ( ! 
WORK+ CLASS DET]IORAT$ SO AS TO 5DANG] ! FUTURE ( SOCIETY4 ,! 
=MATION ( UNIONS & ( LAWS REGULAT+ WORK+ CONDITIONS--FEATURES 
RIS+ \T ( ! BITT] FI<T ( WORK]S = !IR V]Y LIVES--W]E 
NECESS>Y TO RE/ORE NORMAL CONDITIONS ( WORK 9 CAPITALISM4 ,! CAPITALI/ 
CLASS ITSELF RECOGNIZ$ ?AT TRADE UNIONS >E NECESS>Y TO DIRECT ! REVOLT ( 
! WORK]S 9TO REGUL> *ANNELS TO PREV5T !M FROM BREAK+ \T 9 SUDD5 
EXPLOSIONS4 

,SIMIL>LY1 POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS HAVE GR[N UP1 ?\< NOT EV]Y:]E 9 
EXACTLY ! SAME WAY1 BECAUSE ! POLITICAL CONDITIONS >E DIFF]5T 9 
DIFF]5T C\NTRIES4 ,9 ,AM]ICA1 :]E A POPULATION ( F>M]S1 >TISANS & 
M]*ANTS FREE FROM FEUDAL BONDS C\LD EXP& OV] A CONT95T ) 5DLESS 
POSSIBILITIES1 CONQU]+ ! NATURAL RES\RCES1 ! WORK]S DID NOT FEEL 
!MSELVES A SEP>ATE CLASS4 ,!Y W]E IMBU$1 AS W]E ! :OLE ( ! PEOPLE1 
) ! B\RGEOIS SPIRIT ( 9DIVIDUAL & COLLECTIVE FI<T = P]SONAL 
WELF>E1 & ! CONDITIONS MADE IT POSSIBLE TO SUCCE$ TO A C]TA9 EXT5T4 
,EXCEPT AT R>E MOM5TS OR AMONG REC5T IMMIGRANT GR\PS1 NO NE$ WAS SE5 = A 
SEP>ATE WORK+ CLASS P>TY4 ,9 ! ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! 
WORK]S W]E DRAGG$ 9TO ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE BY ! FI<T ( ! RIS+ 
B\RGEOISIE AGA9/ FEUDALISM4 ,!Y SOON HAD TO =M WORK+ CLASS P>TIES &1 
TOGE!R ) P>T ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 HAD TO FI<T = POLITICAL RI<TS3 = 
! RI<T TO =M UNIONS1 = FREE PRESS & SPEE*1 = UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 = 
DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS4 ,A POLITICAL P>TY NE$S G5]AL PR9CIPLES = ITS 
PROPAG&A2 = ITS FI<T ) O!R P>TIES IT WANTS A !ORY HAV+ DEF9ITE 
VIEWS AB\T ! FUTURE ( SOCIETY4 ,! ,EUROPEAN WORK+ CLASS1 9 :I* 
COMMUNI/IC IDEAS HAD ALREADY DEVELOP$1 F\ND ITS !ORY 9 ! SCI5TIFIC WORK 
( ,M>X & ,5GELS1 EXPLA9+ ! DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY ?R\< CAPITALISM 
T[>D COMMUNISM BY MEANS ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,?IS !ORY WAS ACCEPT$ 9 ! 
PROGRAMS ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TIES ( MO/ ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES2 9 
,5GL&1 ! ,LABOR ,P>TY =M$ BY ! TRADE UNIONS1 PR(ESS$ ANALOG\S BUT 
VAGU] IDEAS AB\T A K9D ( SOCIALI/ COMMONWEAL? AS ! AIM ( ! 
WORK]S4 

,9 !IR PROGRAM & PROPAG&A1 ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION WAS ! F9AL 
RESULT ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE2 ! VICTORY ( ! WORK+ CLASS OV] ITS 
OPPRESSORS WAS TO BE ! BEG9N+ ( A COMMUNI/IC OR SOCIALI/ SY/EM ( 
PRODUCTION4 ,BUT SO LONG AS CAPITALISM LA/$1 ! PRACTICAL FI<T HAD TO C5T] 
ON IMM$IATE NE$S & ! PRES]VATION ( /&>DS 9 CAPITALISM4 ,UND] 
P>LIAM5T>Y GOV]NM5T P>LIAM5T IS ! BATTLEFIELD :]E ! 9T]E/S ( 
! DIFF]5T CLASSES ( SOCIETY MEET2 BIG & SMALL CAPITALI/S1 L& [N]S1 
F>M]S1 >TISANS1 M]*ANTS1 9DU/RIALI/S1 WORK]S1 ALL HAVE !IR SPECIAL 
9T]E/S ?AT >E DEF5D$ BY !IR SPOKESM5 9 P>LIAM5T1 ALL P>TICIPATE 9 
! /RUGGLE = P[] & = !IR P>T 9 ! TOTAL PRODUCT4 ,! WORK]S HAVE 
TO TAKE P>T 9 ?IS /RUGGLE4 ,SOCIALI/ OR LABOR P>TIES HAVE ! SPECIAL TASK 
( FI<T+ BY POLITICAL MEANS = ! IMM$IATE NE$S & 9T]E/S ( ! 
WORK]S )9 CAPITALISM4 ,9 ?IS WAY !Y GET ! VOTES ( ! WORK]S & 
GR[ 9 POLITICAL 9FLU5CE4 

,) ! MOD]N DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM1 CONDITIONS HAVE *ANG$4 ,! SMALL 
WORK%OPS HAVE BE5 SUP]S$$ BY L>GE FACTORIES & PLANTS ) ?\S&S & 
T5S ( ?\S&S ( WORK]S4 ,) ?IS GR[? ( CAPITALISM & ( ! WORK+ 
CLASS1 ITS ORGANIZATIONS ALSO HAD TO EXP&4 ,FROM LOCAL GR\PS ! TRADE UNIONS 
GREW TO NATIONAL F$]ATIONS ) HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( MEMB]S4 ,!Y HAD TO 
COLLECT L>GE FUNDS = SUPPORT 9 BIG /RIKES1 & /ILL L>G] ONES = SOCIAL 
9SURANCE4 ,A L>GE /AFF ( MANAG]S1 ADM9I/RATORS1 PRESID5TS1 SECRET>IES1 
$ITORS ( !IR PAP]S1 AN 5TIRE BUREAUCRACY ( ORGANIZATION LEAD]S 
DEVELOP$4 ,!Y HAD TO HAGGLE & B>GA9 ) ! BOSSES2 !Y BECAME ! 
SPECIALI/S ACQUA9T$ ) ME?ODS & CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,EV5TUALLY !Y BECAME 
! REAL LEAD]S1 ! MA/]S ( ! ORGANIZATIONS1 MA/]S ( ! MONEY AS WELL 
AS ( ! PRESS1 :ILE ! MEMB]S !MSELVES LO/ MU* ( !IR P[]4 ,?IS 
DEVELOPM5T ( ! ORGANIZATIONS ( ! WORK]S 9TO 9/RUM5TS ( P[] OV] 
!M HAS MANY EXAMPLES 9 HI/ORY2 :5 ORGANIZATIONS GR[ TOO L>GE1 ! MASSES 
LOSE CONTROL ( !M4 

,! SAME *ANGE TAKES PLACE 9 ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS1 :5 FROM SMALL 
PROPAG&A GR\PS !Y GR[ 9TO BIG POLITICAL P>TIES4 ,! P>LIAM5T>Y 
REPRES5TATIVES >E ! LEAD+ POLITICIANS ( ! P>TY4 ,!Y HAVE TO DO ! 
REAL FI<T+ 9 ! REPRES5TATIVE BODIES2 !Y >E ! SPECIALI/S 9 ?AT 
FIELD2 !Y MAKE UP ! $ITORIAL1 PROPAG&A1 & EXECUTIVE P]SONNEL3 !IR 
9FLU5CE DET]M9ES ! POLITICS & TACTICAL L9E ( ! P>TY4 ,! MEMB]S 
MAY S5D DELEGATES TO DEBATE AT P>TY CONGRESSES1 BUT !IR P[] IS NOM9AL & 
ILLUSORY4 ,! *>ACT] ( ! ORGANIZATION RESEMBLES ?AT ( ! O!R 
POLITICAL P>TIES--ORGANIZATIONS ( POLITICIANS :O TRY TO W9 VOTES = 
!IR SLOGANS & P[] = !MSELVES4 ,ONCE A SOCIALI/ P>TY HAS A L>GE 
NUMB] ( DELEGATES 9 P>LIAM5T IT ALLIES ) O!RS AGA9/ REACTION>Y 
P>TIES TO =M A WORK+ MAJORITY4 ,SOON SOCIALI/S BECOME M9I/]S1 /ATE 
(FICIALS1 MAYORS & ALD]M54 ,( C\RSE1 9 ?IS POSITION !Y CANNOT ACT AS 
DELEGATES ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 GOV]N+ = ! WORK]S AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/ 
CLASS4 ,! REAL POLITICAL P[] & EV5 ! P>LIAM5T>Y MAJORITY REMA9 9 
! H&S ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,SOCIALI/ M9I/]S HAVE TO REPRES5T ! 
9T]E/S ( ! PRES5T CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 I4E41 ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,!Y 
CAN ATTEMPT TO 9ITIATE MEASURES = ! IMM$IATE 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S & 
TRY TO 9DUCE ! CAPITALI/ P>TIES TO ACQUIESCE4 ,!Y BECOME MIDDLEM51 
M$IATORS PLEAD+ ) ! CAPITALI/ CLASS TO CONS5T TO SMALL RE=MS 9 ! 
9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S1 & !N TRY TO CONV9CE ! WORK]S ?AT !SE >E 
IMPORTANT RE=MS ?AT !Y %\LD ACCEPT4 ,& !N ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 AS AN 
9/RUM5T 9 ! H&S ( !SE LEAD]S1 HAS TO SUPPORT !M & ALSO1 9/EAD 
( CALL+ UPON ! WORK]S TO FI<T = !IR 9T]E/S1 SEEKS TO PACIFY !M1 
DEFLECT !M FROM ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 

,9DE$1 FI<T+ CONDITIONS HAVE GR[N WORSE = ! WORK]S4 ,! P[] ( 
! CAPITALI/ CLASS HAS 9CREAS$ 5ORM\SLY ) ITS CAPITAL4 ,! 
CONC5TRATION ( CAPITAL 9 ! H&S ( A FEW CAPTA9S ( F9ANCE & 9DU/RY1 
! COALITION ( ! BOSSES !MSELVES1 CONFRONTS ! TRADE UNIONS ) A MU* 
/RONG] & (T5 NE>LY UNASSAILABLE P[]4 ,! FI]CE COMPETITION ( ! 
CAPITALI/S ( ALL C\NTRIES OV] M>KETS1 RAW MAT]IALS & WORLD P[]1 ! 
NECESSITY ( US+ 9CREAS+ P>TS ( ! SURPLUS VALUE = ?IS COMPETITION1 
= >MAM5TS & WELF>E1 ! FALL+ RATE ( PR(IT1 COMPEL ! CAPITALI/S TO 
9CREASE ! RATE ( EXPLOITATION1 I4E41 TO L[] ! WORK+ CONDITIONS = ! 
WORK]S4 ,?US ! TRADE UNIONS MEET 9CREAS+ RESI/ANCE1 ! OLD ME?ODS ( 
/RUGGLE GR[ USELESS4 ,9 !IR B>GA9+ ) ! BOSSES ! LEAD]S ( ! 
ORGANIZATION HAVE LESS SUCCESS2 BECAUSE !Y KN[ ! P[] ( ! CAPITALI/S1 
& BECAUSE !Y !MSELVES DO NOT WANT TO FI<T--S9CE 9 SU* FI<TS ! 
FUNDS & ! :OLE EXI/5CE ( ! ORGANIZATION MI<T BE LO/--!Y MU/ 
ACCEPT :AT ! BOSSES (F]4 ,SO !IR *IEF TASK IS TO ASSUAGE ! WORK]S' 
DISCONT5T & TO DEF5D ! PROPOSALS ( ! BOSSES AS IMPORTANT GA9S4 ,H]E 
ALSO ! LEAD]S ( ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS BECOME M$IATORS BETWE5 ! 
OPPOS+ CLASSES4 ,& :5 ! WORK]S DO NOT ACCEPT ! CONDITIONS & /RIKE1 
! LEAD]S EI!R MU/ OPPOSE !M OR ALL[ A %AM FI<T1 TO BE BROK5 (F AS 
SOON AS POSSIBLE4 

,! FI<T ITSELF1 H[EV]1 CANNOT BE /OPP$ OR M9IMIZ$2 ! CLASS 
ANTAGONISM & ! DEPRESS+ =CES ( CAPITALISM >E 9CREAS+1 SO ?AT ! 
CLASS /RUGGLE MU/ GO ON1 ! WORK]S MU/ FI<T4 ,TIME & AGA9 !Y BREAK 
LOOSE SPONTANE\SLY )\T ASK+ ! UNION & (T5 AGA9/ !IR DECISIONS4 
,SOMETIMES ! UNION LEAD]S SUCCE$ 9 REGA9+ CONTROL ( !SE ACTIONS4 ,?IS 
MEANS ?AT ! FI<T WILL BE GRADUALLY SMO!R$ 9 SOME NEW >RANGEM5T BETWE5 
! CAPITALI/S & LABOR LEAD]S4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT )\T ?IS 
9T]F]5CE SU* WILDCAT /RIKES W\LD BE WON4 ,!Y >E TOO RE/RICT$4 ,ONLY 
9DIRECTLY DOES ! FE> ( SU* EXPLOSIONS T5D TO FO/] CAUTION BY ! 
CAPITALI/S4 ,BUT !SE /RIKES PROVE ?AT ! CLASS FI<T BETWE5 CAPITAL & 
LABOR CANNOT CEASE1 & ?AT :5 ! OLD =MS >E NOT PRACTICABLE ANY MORE1 
! WORK]S SPONTANE\SLY TRY \T & DEVELOP NEW =MS ( ACTION4 ,9 !SE 
ACTIONS REVOLT AGA9/ CAPITAL IS ALSO REVOLT AGA9/ ! OLD ORGANIZATIONAL 
=MS4 

,! AIM & TASK ( ! WORK+ CLASS IS ! ABOLITION ( CAPITALISM4 
,CAPITALISM 9 ITS HI<E/ DEVELOPM5T1 ) ITS EV] DEEP] ECONOMIC CRISES1 ITS 
IMP]IALISM1 ITS >MAM5TS1 ITS WORLD W>S1 ?REAT5S ! WORK]S ) MIS]Y 
& DE/RUCTION4 ,! PROLET>IAN CLASS FI<T1 ! RESI/ANCE & REVOLT AGA9/ 
!SE CONDITIONS1 MU/ GO ON UNTIL CAPITALI/ DOM9ATION IS OV]?R[N & 
CAPITALISM IS DE/ROY$4 

,CAPITALISM MEANS ?AT ! PRODUCTIVE APP>ATUS IS 9 ! H&S ( ! 
CAPITALI/S4 ,BECAUSE !Y >E ! MA/]S ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 & H5CE 
( ! PRODUCTS1 !Y CAN SEIZE ! SURPLUS VALUE & EXPLOIT ! WORK+ CLASS4 
,ONLY :5 ! WORK+ CLASS ITSELF IS MA/] ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION DOES 
EXPLOITATION CEASE4 ,!N ! WORK]S CONTROL 5TIRELY !IR CONDITIONS ( LIFE4 
,! PRODUCTION ( EV]Y?+ NECESS>Y = LIFE IS ! COMMON TASK ( ! 
COMMUNITY ( WORK]S1 :I* IS !N ! COMMUNITY ( MANK9D4 ,?IS PRODUCTION IS 
A COLLECTIVE PROCESS4 ,FIR/ EA* FACTORY1 EA* L>GE PLANT1 IS A COLLECTIVE ( 
WORK]S1 COMB9+ !IR EF=TS 9 AN ORGANIZ$ WAY4 ,MOREOV]1 ! TOTALITY ( 
WORLD PRODUCTION IS A COLLECTIVE PROCESS2 ALL ! SEP>ATE FACTORIES HAVE TO BE 
COMB9$ 9TO A TOTALITY ( PRODUCTION4 ,H5CE1 :5 ! WORK+ CLASS TAKES 
POSSESSION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 IT HAS AT ! SAME TIME TO CREATE AN 
ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION4 

,!RE >E MANY :O ?9K ( ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION 9 T]MS ( ! =M] 
REVOLUTIONS ( ! MIDDLE CLASS1 AS A S]IES ( CONSECUTIVE PHASES3 FIR/1 
CONQUE/ ( GOV]NM5T & 9/ALLM5T ( A NEW GOV]NM5T1 !N EXPROPRIATION ( 
! CAPITALI/ CLASS BY LAW1 & !N A NEW ORGANIZATION ( ! PROCESS ( 
PRODUCTION4 ,BUT SU* EV5TS C\LD LEAD ONLY TO SOME K9D ( /ATE CAPITALISM4 ,AS 
! PROLET>IAT RISES TO DOM9ANCE IT DEVELOPS SIMULTANE\SLY ITS [N 
ORGANIZATION & ! =MS ( ! NEW ECONOMIC ORD]4 ,!SE TWO DEVELOPM5TS >E 
9SEP>ABLE & =M ! PROCESS ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,WORK+ CLASS 
ORGANIZATION 9TO A /RONG BODY CAPABLE ( UNIT$ MASS ACTIONS ALREADY MEANS 
REVOLUTION1 BECAUSE CAPITALISM CAN RULE ONLY UNORGANIZ$ 9DIVIDUALS4 ,:5 !SE 
ORGANIZ$ MASSES /& UP 9 MASS FI<TS & REVOLUTION>Y ACTIONS1 & ! 
EXI/+ P[]S >E P>ALYZ$ & DIS9TEGRAT$1 !N SIMULTANE\SLY ! LEAD+ 
& REGULAT+ FUNCTIONS ( =M] GOV]NM5TS FALL TO ! WORK]S' 
ORGANIZATIONS4 ,& ! IMM$IATE TASK IS TO C>RY ON PRODUCTION1 TO CONT9UE ! 
BASIC PROCESS ( SOCIAL LIFE4 ,S9CE ! REVOLUTION>Y CLASS FI<T AGA9/ ! 
B\RGEOISIE & ITS ORGANS IS 9SEP>ABLE FROM ! SEIZURE ( ! PRODUCTIVE 
APP>ATUS BY ! WORK]S & ITS APPLICATION TO PRODUCTION1 ! SAME 
ORGANIZATION ?AT UNITES ! CLASS = ITS FI<T ALSO ACTS AS ! ORGANIZATION 
( ! NEW PRODUCTIVE PROCESS4 

,IT IS CLE> ?AT ! ORGANIZATIONAL =MS ( TRADE UNION & POLITICAL P>TY1 
9H]IT$ FROM ! P]IOD ( EXP&+ CAPITALISM1 >E USELESS H]E4 ,!Y 
DEVELOP$ 9TO 9/RUM5TS 9 ! H&S ( LEAD]S UNABLE & UNWILL+ TO 
5GAGE 9 REVOLUTION>Y FI<T4 ,LEAD]S CANNOT MAKE REVOLUTIONS3 LABOR LEAD]S 
ABHOR A PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4 ,= ! REVOLUTION>Y FI<TS ! WORK]S NE$ 
NEW =MS ( ORGANIZATION 9 :I* !Y KEEP ! P[]S ( ACTION 9 !IR [N 
H&S4 ,IT IS PO9TLESS TO TRY TO CON/RUCT OR TO IMAG9E !SE NEW =MS2 !Y 
CAN ORIG9ATE ONLY 9 ! PRACTICAL FI<T ( ! WORK]S !MSELVES4 ,!Y HAVE 
ALREADY ORIG9AT$ !RE2 WE HAVE ONLY TO LOOK 9TO PRACTICE TO F9D ITS 
BEG9N+S EV]Y:]E ?AT ! WORK]S >E REBELL+ AGA9/ ! OLD P[]S4 

,9 A WILDCAT /RIKE1 ! WORK]S DECIDE ALL MATT]S !MSELVES ?R\< 
REGUL> MEET+S4 ,!Y *OOSE /RIKE COMMITTEES AS C5TRAL BODIES1 BUT ! 
MEMB]S ( !SE COMMITTEES CAN BE RECALL$ & REPLAC$ AT ANY MOM5T4 ,IF ! 
/RIKE EXT5DS OV] A L>GE NUMB] ( %OPS1 !Y A*IEVE UNITY ( ACTION BY 
L>G] COMMITTEES CONSI/+ ( DELEGATES ( ALL ! SEP>ATE %OPS4 ,SU* 
COMMITTEES >E NOT BODIES TO MAKE DECISIONS ACCORD+ TO !IR [N OP9ION1 & 
OV] ! WORK]S2 !Y >E SIMPLY MESS5G]S1 COMMUNICAT+ ! OP9IONS & 
WI%ES ( ! GR\PS !Y REPRES5T1 & CONV]SELY1 BR++ TO ! %OP 
MEET+S1 = DISCUSSION & DECISION1 ! OP9ION & >GUM5TS ( ! O!R 
GR\PS4 ,!Y CANNOT PLAY ! ROLES ( LEAD]S1 BECAUSE !Y CAN BE MOM5T>ILY 
REPLAC$ BY O!RS4 ,! WORK]S !MSELVES MU/ *OOSE !IR WAY1 DECIDE !IR 
ACTIONS2 !Y KEEP ! 5TIRE ACTION1 ) ALL ITS DIFFICULTIES1 ITS RISKS1 ITS 
RESPONSIBILITIES1 9 !IR [N H&S4 ,& :5 ! /RIKE IS OV]1 ! 
COMMITTEES DISAPPE>4 

,! ONLY EXAMPLES ( A MOD]N 9DU/RIAL WORK+ CLASS AS ! MOV+ =CE ( 
A POLITICAL REVOLUTION W]E ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTIONS ( #aie & #a#i#a#g4 ,H]E ! 
WORK]S ( EA* FACTORY *OSE DELEGATES1 & ! DELEGATES ( ALL ! FACTORIES 
TOGE!R =M$ ! 'SOVIET1' ! C\NCIL :]E ! POLITICAL SITUATION & 
NECESS>Y ACTIONS W]E DISCUSS$4 ,H]E ! OP9IONS ( ! FACTORIES W]E 
COLLECT$1 !IR DESIRES H>MONIZ$1 !IR DECISIONS =MULAT$4 ,BUT ! 
C\NCILS1 ?\< A /RONG DIRECT+ 9FLU5CE = REVOLUTION>Y $UCATION 
?R\< ACTION1 W]E NOT COMM&+ BODIES4 ,SOMETIMES A :OLE C\NCIL WAS 
>RE/$ & REORGANIZ$ ) NEW DELEGATES2 AT TIMES1 :5 ! AU?ORITIES W]E 
P>ALYZ$ BY A G5]AL /RIKE1 ! SOVIETS ACT$ AS A LOCAL GOV]NM5T1 & 
DELEGATES ( FREE PR(ESSIONS JO9$ !M TO REPRES5T !IR FIELD ( WORK4 ,H]E 
WE HAVE ! ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK]S 9 REVOLUTION>Y ACTION1 ?\< ( 
C\RSE ONLY IMP]FECTLY1 GROP+ & TRY+ = NEW ME?ODS4 ,?IS IS POSSIBLE 
ONLY :5 ALL ! WORK]S ) ALL !IR =CES P>TICIPATE 9 ! ACTION1 :5 
!IR V]Y EXI/5CE IS AT /AKE1 :5 !Y ACTUALLY TAKE P>T 9 ! DECISIONS 
& >E 5TIRELY DEVOT$ TO ! REVOLUTION>Y FI<T4 

,AFT] ! REVOLUTION ?IS C\NCIL ORGANIZATION DISAPPE>$4 ,! PROLET>IAN 
C5T]S ( BIG 9DU/RY W]E SMALL ISL&S 9 AN OCEAN ( PRIMITIVE AGRICULTURAL 
SOCIETY :]E CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T HAD NOT YET BEGUN4 ,! TASK ( 9ITIAT+ 
CAPITALISM FELL TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,SIMULTANE\SLY1 POLITICAL P[] C5T]$ 
9 ITS H&S & ! SOVIETS W]E R$UC$ TO SUBORD9ATE ORGANS ) ONLY 
NOM9AL P[]S4 

,! OLD =MS ( ORGANIZATION1 ! TRADE UNION & POLITICAL P>TY & ! 
NEW =M ( C\NCILS 7SOVIETS71 BELONG TO DIFF]5T PHASES 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( 
SOCIETY & HAVE DIFF]5T FUNCTIONS4 ,! FIR/ HAS TO SECURE ! POSITION ( 
! WORK+ CLASS AMONG ! O!R CLASSES )9 CAPITALISM & BELONGS TO ! 
P]IOD ( EXP&+ CAPITALISM4 ,! LATT] HAS TO SECURE COMPLETE DOM9ANCE = 
! WORK]S1 TO DE/ROY CAPITALISM & ITS CLASS DIVISIONS1 & BELONGS TO ! 
P]IOD ( DECL9+ CAPITALISM4 ,9 A RIS+ & PROSP]\S CAPITALISM1 C\NCIL 
ORGANIZATION IS IMPOSSIBLE BECAUSE ! WORK]S >E 5TIRELY OCCUPI$ 9 
AMELIORAT+ !IR CONDITIONS1 :I* IS POSSIBLE AT ?AT TIME ?R\< TRADE 
UNIONS & POLITICAL ACTION4 ,9 A DECAY+ CRISIS-RIDD5 CAPITALISM1 !SE 
EF=TS >E USELESS & FAI? 9 !M CAN ONLY HAMP] ! 9CREASE ( 
SELF-ACTION BY ! MASSES4 ,9 SU* TIMES ( HEAVY T5SION & GR[+ REVOLT 
AGA9/ MIS]Y1 :5 /RIKE MOVEM5TS SPREAD OV] :OLE C\NTRIES & HIT AT ! 
ROOTS ( CAPITALI/ P[]1 OR :51 FOLL[+ W>S OR POLITICAL CATA/ROPHES1 
! GOV]NM5T AU?ORITY CRUMBLES & ! MASSES ACT1 ! OLD ORGANIZATIONAL 
=MS FAIL AGA9/ ! NEW =MS ( SELF-ACTIVITY ( ! MASSES4 

,SPOKESM5 = SOCIALI/ OR COMMUNI/ P>TIES (T5 ADMIT ?AT1 9 REVOLUTION1 
ORGANS ( SELF-ACTION BY ! MASSES >E USEFUL 9 DE/ROY+ ! OLD DOM9ATION2 
BUT !N !Y SAY !SE HAVE TO YIELD TO P>LIAM5T>Y DEMOCRACY TO ORGANIZE ! 
NEW SOCIETY4 ,LET US COMP>E ! BASIC PR9CIPLES ( BO? =MS ( POLITICAL 
ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY4 

,ORIG9AL DEMOCRACY 9 SMALL T[NS & DI/RICTS WAS EX]CIS$ BY ! ASSEMBLY 
( ALL ! CITIZ5S4 ,) ! BIG POPULATION ( MOD]N T[NS & C\NTRIES ?IS 
IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,! PEOPLE CAN EXPRESS !IR WILL ONLY BY *OOS+ DELEGATES TO 
SOME C5TRAL BODY ?AT REPRES5TS !M ALL4 ,! DELEGATES = P>LIAM5T>Y 
BODIES >E FREE TO ACT1 TO DECIDE1 TO VOTE1 TO GOV]N AFT] !IR [N OP9ION BY 
'HONOR & CONSCI5CE1' AS IT IS (T5 CALL$ 9 SOLEMN T]MS4 

,! C\NCIL DELEGATES1 H[EV]1 >E B\ND BY M&ATE2 !Y >E S5T SIMPLY TO 
EXPRESS ! OP9IONS ( ! WORK]S' GR\PS :O S5T !M4 ,!Y MAY BE CALL$ 
BACK & REPLAC$ AT ANY MOM5T4 ,?US ! WORK]S :O GAVE !M ! M&ATE KEEP 
! P[] 9 !IR [N H&S4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 MEMB]S ( P>LIAM5T >E *OS5 = A FIX$ NUMB] ( 
YE>S2 ONLY AT ! POLLS >E ! CITIZ5S MA/]S--ON ?IS ONE DAY :5 
!Y *OOSE !IR DELEGATES4 ,ONCE ?IS DAY HAS PASS$1 !IR P[] HAS GONE & 
! DELEGATES >E 9DEP5D5T1 FREE TO ACT = A T]M ( YE>S ACCORD+ TO 
!IR [N 'CONSCI5CE1' RE/RICT$ ONLY BY ! KN[L$GE ?AT AFT] ?IS P]IOD 
!Y HAVE TO FACE ! VOT]S ANEW2 BUT !N !Y C\NT ON CAT*+ !IR VOTES 
9 A NOISY ELECTION CAMPAIGN1 BOMB+ ! CONFUS$ VOT]S ) SLOGANS & 
DEMAGOGIC PHRASES4 ,?US NOT ! VOT]S BUT ! P>LIAM5T>IANS >E ! REAL 
MA/]S :O DECIDE POLITICS4 ,& ! VOT]S DO NOT EV5 S5D P]SONS ( !IR 
[N *OICE AS DELEGATES2 !Y >E PRES5T$ TO !M BY ! POLITICAL P>TIES4 
,& !N1 IF WE SUPPOSE ?AT PEOPLE C\LD SELECT & S5D P]SONS ( !IR [N 
*OICE1 !SE P]SONS W\LD NOT =M ! GOV]NM5T2 9 P>LIAM5T>Y DEMOCRACY 
! LEGISLATIVE & ! EXECUTIVE P[]S >E SEP>AT$4 ,! REAL GOV]NM5T 
DOM9AT+ ! PEOPLE IS =M$ BY A BUREAUCRACY ( (FICIALS SO F> REMOV$ 
FROM ! PEOPLE'S VOTE AS TO BE PRACTICALLY 9DEP5D5T4 ,?AT IS H[ IT IS 
POSSIBLE ?AT CAPITALI/IC DOM9ANCE IS MA9TA9$ ?R\< G5]AL SUFFRAGE & 
P>LIAM5T>Y DEMOCRACY4 ,?IS IS :Y 9 CAPITALI/IC C\NTRIES1 :]E ! 
MAJORITY ( ! PEOPLE BELONGS TO ! WORK+ CLASS1 ?IS DEMOCRACY CANNOT LEAD 
TO A CONQUE/ ( POLITICAL P[]4 ,= ! WORK+ CLASS1 P>LIAM5T>Y DEMOCRACY 
IS A %AM DEMOCRACY1 :]EAS C\NCIL REPRES5TATION IS REAL DEMOCRACY3 ! 
DIRECT RULE ( ! WORK]S OV] !IR [N AFFAIRS4 

,P>LIAM5T>Y DEMOCRACY IS ! POLITICAL =M 9 :I* ! DIFF]5T 
IMPORTANT 9T]E/S 9 A CAPITALI/ SOCIETY EX]T !IR 9FLU5CE UPON 
GOV]NM5T4 ,! DELEGATES REPRES5T C]TA9 CLASSES3 F>M]S1 M]*ANTS1 
9DU/RIALI/S1 WORK]S2 BUT !Y DO NOT REPRES5T ! COMMON WILL ( !IR 
VOT]S4 ,9DE$1 ! VOT]S ( A DI/RICT HAVE NO COMMON WILL2 !Y >E AN 
ASSEMBLY ( 9DIVIDUALS1 CAPITALI/S1 WORK]S1 %OPKEEP]S1 BY *ANCE LIV+ AT 
! SAME PLACE1 HAV+ P>TLY OPPOS+ 9T]E/S4 

,C\NCIL DELEGATES1 ON ! O!R H&1 >E S5T \T BY A HOMOG5E\S GR\P TO 
EXPRESS ITS COMMON WILL4 ,C\NCILS >E NOT ONLY MADE UP ( WORK]S1 HAV+ COMMON 
CLASS 9T]E/S2 !Y >E A NATURAL GR\P1 WORK+ TOGE!R AS ! P]SONNEL ( 
ONE FACTORY OR SECTION ( A L>GE PLANT1 & >E 9 CLOSE DAILY CONTACT ) 
EA* O!R1 HAV+ ! SAME ADV]S>Y1 HAV+ TO DECIDE !IR COMMON ACTIONS AS 
FELL[ WORK]S 9 :I* !Y HAVE TO ACT 9 UNIT$ FA%ION2 NOT ONLY ON ! 
QUE/IONS ( /RIKE & FI<T1 BUT ALSO 9 ! NEW ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION4 
,C\NCIL REPRES5TATION IS NOT F\ND$ UPON ! MEAN+LESS GR\P+ ( ADJAC5T 
VILLAGES OR DI/RICTS1 BUT UPON ! NATURAL GR\P+S ( WORK]S 9 ! PROCESS 
( PRODUCTION1 ! REAL BASIS ( SOCIETY4 

,H[EV]1 C\NCILS MU/ NOT BE CONFUS$ ) ! SO-CALL$ CORPORATIVE 
REPRES5TATION PROPAGAT$ 9 FASCI/ C\NTRIES4 ,?IS IS A REPRES5TATION ( ! 
DIFF]5T PR(ESSIONS OR TRADES 7MA/]S & WORK]S COMB9$71 CONSID]$ AS 
FIX$ CON/ITU5TS ( SOCIETY4 ,?IS =M BELONGS TO A M$IEVAL SOCIETY ) 
FIX$ CLASSES & GUILDS1 & 9 ITS T5D5CY TO PETRIFY 9T]E/ GR\PS IT IS 
EV5 WORSE ?AN P>LIAM5T>ISM1 :]E NEW GR\PS & NEW 9T]E/S RIS+ UP 9 
! DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM SOON F9D !IR EXPRESSION 9 P>LIAM5T & 
GOV]NM5T4 

,C\NCIL REPRES5TATION IS 5TIRELY DIFF]5T BECAUSE IT IS ! REPRES5TATION 
( A CLASS 5GAG$ 9 REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE4 ,IT REPRES5TS WORK+ CLASS 
9T]E/S ONLY1 & PREV5TS CAPITALI/ DELEGATES & CAPITALI/ 9T]E/S FROM 
P>TICIPATION4 ,IT D5IES ! RI<T ( EXI/5CE TO ! CAPITALI/ CLASS 9 
SOCIETY & TRIES TO ELIM9ATE CAPITALI/S BY TAK+ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION 
AWAY FROM !M4 ,:5 9 ! PROGRESS ( REVOLUTION ! WORK]S MU/ TAKE UP ! 
FUNCTIONS ( ORGANIZ+ SOCIETY1 ! SAME C\NCIL ORGANIZATION IS !IR 
9/RUM5T4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT ! WORK]S' C\NCILS !N >E ! ORGANS ( ! 
DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,?IS DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT IS NOT A 
%REWDLY DEVIS$ VOT+ SY/EM >TIFICIALLY EXCLUD+ CAPITALI/S & ! 
B\RGEOISIE FROM ! POLLS4 ,IT IS ! EX]CISE ( P[] 9 SOCIETY BY ! 
NATURAL ORGANS ( ! WORK]S1 BUILD+ UP ! PRODUCTIVE APP>ATUS AS ! BASIS 
( SOCIETY4 ,9 !SE ORGANS ( ! WORK]S1 CONSI/+ ( DELEGATES ( !IR 
V>I\S BRAN*ES 9 ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION1 !RE IS NO PLACE = ROBB]S OR 
EXPLOIT]S /&+ \TSIDE PRODUCTIVE WORK4 ,?US ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! 
WORK+ CLASS IS AT ! SAME TIME ! MO/ P]FECT DEMOCRACY1 ! REAL WORK]S' 
DEMOCRACY1 EXCLUD+ ! VANI%+ CLASS ( EXPLOIT]S4 

,! ADH]5TS ( ! OLD =MS ( ORGANIZATION EXALT DEMOCRACY AS ! ONLY 
RI<T & JU/ POLITICAL =M1 AS AGA9/ DICTATOR%IP1 AN UNJU/ =M4 ,M>XISM 
KN[S NO?+ ( AB/RACT RI<T OR JU/ICE2 IT EXPLA9S ! POLITICAL =MS 9 
:I* MANK9D EXPRESSES ITS FEEL+S ( POLITICAL RI<T1 AS CONSEQU5CES ( ! 
ECONOMIC /RUCTURE ( SOCIETY4 ,9 ,M>XIAN !ORY WE CAN F9D ALSO ! BASIS ( 
! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 P>LIAM5T>Y DEMOCRACY & C\NCIL ORGANIZATION4 ,AS 
B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY & PROLET>IAN DEMOCRACY RESPECTIVELY !Y REFLECT ! 
DIFF]5T *>ACT] ( !SE TWO CLASSES & !IR ECONOMIC SY/EMS4 

,B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY IS F\ND$ UPON A SOCIETY CONSI/+ ( A L>GE NUMB] ( 
9DEP5D5T SMALL PRODUC]S4 ,!Y WANT A GOV]NM5T TO TAKE C>E ( !IR COMMON 
9T]E/S3 PUBLIC SECURITY & ORD]1 PROTECTION ( COMM]CE1 UNI=M SY/EMS ( 
WEI<T & MONEY1 ADM9I/]+ ( LAW & JU/ICE4 ,ALL !SE ?+S >E 
NECESS>Y 9 ORD] ?AT EV]YBODY CAN DO HIS BUS9ESS 9 HIS [N WAY4 ,PRIVATE 
BUS9ESS TAKES ! :OLE ATT5TION1 =MS ! LIFE 9T]E/S ( EV]YBODY1 & 
?OSE POLITICAL FACTORS >E1 ?\< NECESS>Y1 ONLY SECOND>Y & DEM& ONLY A 
SMALL P>T ( !IR ATT5TION4 ,! *IEF CONT5T ( SOCIAL LIFE1 ! BASIS ( 
EXI/5CE ( SOCIETY1 ! PRODUCTION ( ALL ! GOODS NECESS>Y = LIFE1 IS 
DIVID$ UP 9TO PRIVATE BUS9ESS ( ! SEP>ATE CITIZ5S1 H5CE IT IS NATURAL 
?AT IT TAKES NE>LY ALL !IR TIME1 & ?AT POLITICS1 !IR COLLECTIVE AFFAIR1 
IS A SUBORD9ATE MATT]1 PROVID+ ONLY = AUXILI>Y CONDITIONS4 ,ONLY 9 
B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS DO PEOPLE TAKE TO ! /REETS4 ,BUT 9 ORD9>Y 
TIMES POLITICS >E LEFT TO A SMALL GR\P ( SPECIALI/S1 POLITICIANS1 :OSE WORK 
CONSI/S JU/ ( TAK+ C>E ( !SE G5]AL1 POLITICAL CONDITIONS ( B\RGEOIS 
BUS9ESS4 

,! SAME HOLDS TRUE = ! WORK]S1 AS LONG AS !Y ?9K ONLY ( !IR 
DIRECT 9T]E/S4 ,9 CAPITALISM !Y WORK LONG H\RS1 ALL !IR 5]GY IS 
EXHAU/$ 9 ! PROCESS ( EXPLOITATION1 & LITTLE M5TAL P[] & FRE% 
?\<T IS LEFT !M4 ,E>N+ !IR WAGE IS ! MO/ IMM$IATE NECESSITY ( 
LIFE2 !IR POLITICAL 9T]E/S1 !IR COMMON 9T]E/ 9 SAFEGU>D+ !IR 
9T]E/S AS WAGE E>N]S MAY BE IMPORTANT1 BUT >E /ILL SECOND>Y4 ,SO !Y 
LEAVE ?IS P>T ( !IR 9T]E/S ALSO TO SPECIALI/S1 TO !IR P>TY 
POLITICIANS & !IR TRADE UNION LEAD]S4 ,BY VOT+ AS CITIZ5S OR MEMB]S ! 
WORK]S MAY GIVE SOME G5]AL DIRECTIONS1 JU/ AS MIDDLE-CLASS VOT]S MAY 
9FLU5CE !IR POLITICIANS1 BUT ONLY P>TIALLY1 BECAUSE !IR *IEF ATT5TION 
MU/ REMA9 CONC5TRAT$ UPON !IR WORK4 

,PROLET>IAN DEMOCRACY UND] COMMUNISM DEP5DS UPON JU/ ! OPPOSITE ECONOMIC 
CONDITIONS4 ,IT IS F\ND$ NOT ON PRIVATE BUT ON COLLECTIVE PRODUCTION4 
,PRODUCTION ( ! NECESSITIES ( LIFE IS NO LONG] A P]SONAL BUS9ESS1 BUT A 
COLLECTIVE AFFAIR4 ,! COLLECTIVE AFFAIRS1 =M]LY CALL$ POLITICAL AFFAIRS1 
>E NO LONG] SECOND>Y1 BUT ! *IEF OBJECT ( ?\<T & ACTION = 
EV]YBODY4 ,:AT WAS CALL$ POLITICS 9 ! =M] SOCIETY--A DOMA9 = 
SPECIALI/S--HAS BECOME ! VITAL 9T]E/ ( EV]Y WORK]4 ,IT IS NOT ! 
SECUR+ ( SOME NECESS>Y CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION1 IT IS ! PROCESS & ! 
REGULATION ( PRODUCTION ITSELF4 ,! SEP>ATION ( PRIVATE & COLLECTIVE 
AFFAIRS & 9T]E/S HAS CEAS$4 ,A SEP>ATE GR\P OR CLASS ( SPECIALI/S 
TAK+ C>E ( ! COLLECTIVE AFFAIRS IS NO LONG] NECESS>Y4 ,?R\< !IR 
C\NCIL DELEGATES1 :I* L9K !M TOGE!R1 ! PRODUC]S !MSELVES >E 
MANAG+ !IR [N PRODUCTIVE WORK4 

,! TWO =MS ( ORGANIZATION >E NOT DI/+UI%$ 9 ?AT ! ONE IS 
F\ND$ UPON A TRADITIONAL & IDEOLOGICAL BASIS1 & ! O!R ON ! MAT]IAL 
PRODUCTIVE BASIS ( SOCIETY4 ,BO? >E F\ND$ UPON ! MAT]IAL BASIS ( ! 
SY/EM ( PRODUCTION1 ONE ON ! DECL9+ SY/EM ( ! PA/1 ! O!R ON ! 
GR[+ SY/EM ( ! FUTURE4 ,RI<T N[ WE >E 9 ! P]IOD ( TRANSITION1 ! 
TIME ( BIG CAPITALISM & ! BEG9N+S ( ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4 ,9 BIG 
CAPITALISM ! OLD SY/EM ( PRODUCTION HAS ALREADY BE5 DE/ROY$ 9 ITS 
F\NDATIONS2 ! L>GE CLASS ( 9DEP5D5T PRODUC]S HAS DISAPPE>$4 ,! MA9 
P>T ( PRODUCTION IS COLLECTIVE WORK ( L>GE GR\PS ( WORK]S2 BUT ! 
CONTROL & [N]%IP HAVE REMA9$ 9 A FEW PRIVATE H&S4 ,?IS CONTRADICTORY 
/ATE IS MA9TA9$ BY ! /RONG P[] FACTORS ( ! CAPITALI/S1 ESPECIALLY 
! /ATE P[] EX]T$ BY ! GOV]NM5TS4 ,! TASK ( ! PROLET>IAN 
REVOLUTION IS TO DE/ROY ?IS /ATE P[]2 ITS REAL CONT5T IS ! SEIZURE ( 
! MEANS ( PRODUCTION BY ! WORK]S4 ,! PROCESS ( REVOLUTION IS AN 
ALT]NATION ( ACTIONS & DEFEATS ?AT BUILDS UP ! ORGANIZATION ( ! 
PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP1 :I* AT ! SAME TIME IS ! DISSOLUTION1 /EP BY 
/EP1 ( ! CAPITALI/ /ATE P[]4 ,H5CE IT IS ! PROCESS ( ! REPLACEM5T 
( ! ORGANIZATION SY/EM ( ! PA/ BY ! ORGANIZATION SY/EM ( ! 
FUTURE4 

,WE >E ONLY 9 ! BEG9N+S ( ?IS REVOLUTION4 ,! C5TURY ( CLASS 
/RUGGLE BEH9D US CANNOT BE CONSID]$ A BEG9N+ AS SU*1 BUT ONLY A 
PREAMBLE4 ,IT DEVELOP$ 9VALUABLE !ORETICAL KN[L$GE1 IT F\ND GALLANT 
REVOLUTION>Y WORDS 9 DEFIANCE ( ! CAPITALI/ CLAIM ( BE+ A F9AL SOCIAL 
SY/EM2 IT AWAK5$ ! WORK]S FROM ! HOPELESSNESS ( MIS]Y4 ,BUT ITS ACTUAL 
FI<T REMA9$ B\ND )9 ! CONF9ES ( CAPITALISM1 IT WAS ACTION ?R\< 
! M$IUM ( LEAD]S & S\<T ONLY TO SET EASY MA/]S 9 ! PLACE ( H>D 
ONES4 ,ONLY A SUDD5 FLICK]+ ( REVOLT1 SU* AS POLITICAL OR MASS /RIKES 
BREAK+ \T AGA9/ ! WILL ( ! POLITICIANS1 N[ & !N ANN\NC$ ! 
FUTURE ( SELF-DET]M9$ MASS ACTION4 ,EV]Y WILDCAT /RIKE1 NOT TAK+ ITS 
LEAD]S & CAT*WORDS FROM ! (FICES ( P>TIES & UNIONS1 IS AN 9DICATION 
( ?IS DEVELOPM5T1 & AT ! SAME TIME A SMALL /EP 9 ITS DIRECTION4 ,ALL ! 
EXI/+ P[]S 9 ! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T1 ! SOCIALI/ & COMMUNI/ 
P>TIES1 ! TRADE UNIONS1 ALL ! LEAD]S :OSE ACTIVITY IS B\ND TO ! 
B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY ( ! PA/1 D5\NCE !SE MASS ACTIONS AS AN>*I/IC 
DI/URBANCES4 ,BECAUSE !IR FIELD ( VISION IS LIMIT$ TO !IR OLD =MS ( 
ORGANIZATION1 !Y CANNOT SEE ?AT ! SPONTANE\S ACTIONS ( ! WORK]S BE> 
9 !M ! G]MS ( HI<] =MS ( ORGANIZATION4 ,9 FASCI/ C\NTRIES1 :]E 
B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY HAS BE5 DE/ROY$1 SU* SPONTANE\S MASS ACTIONS WILL BE 
! ONLY =M ( FUTURE PROLET>IAN REVOLT4 ,!IR T5D5CY WILL NOT BE A 
RE/ORATION ( ! =M] MIDDLE CLASS DEMOCRACY BUT AN ADVANCE 9 ! DIRECTION 
( ! PROLET>IAN DEMOCRACY1 I4E41 ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #a1 #bba 3 ,G5]AL ,REM>KS ON ! ,QUE/ION ( ,ORGANISATION -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,G5]AL ,REM>KS ON ! ,QUE/ION ( ,ORGANISATION -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/