,GLOBAL ,WORK+ ,CLASS 
,UPRIS+ OR ,CLASS ,/RUGGLE8 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANONYM\S 

,TEXT 3 

,! CONCEPT ( CLASS HAS BECOME POPUL> AGA94 ,AFT] ! MO/ REC5T GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS1 EV5 B\RGEOIS NEWSPAP]S />T$ POS+ ! QUE/ION3 0,WASN'T ,M>X RI<T AFT] ALL80 ,= ! LA/ TWO YE>S ,?OMAS ,PIKETTY'S ',CAPITAL 9 ! ,TW5TY-,FIR/ ,C5TURY' HAS BE5 ON ! BE/SELL] LI/ - A BOOK :I* DESCRIBES 9 A DETAIL$ WAY H[ HI/ORICALLY1 ! CAPITALI/ PROCESS ( ACCUMULATION RESULT$ 9 A CONC5TRATION ( WEAL? 9TO ! H&S ( A T9Y M9ORITY ( CAPITAL [N]S4 ,9 WE/]N DEMOCRACIES TOO1 SIGNIFICANT 9EQUALITIES HAVE L$ TO AN 9CREASE 9 FE> ( SOCIAL UPRIS+S4 ,?IS SPECT] HAS HAUNT$ ! WORLD 9 REC5T YE>S - FROM RIOTS 9 ,A!NS1 ,LONDON1 ,BALTIMORE1 TO ! REVOLTS 9 ,NOR? ,AFRICA1 :I* AT TIMES GOT RID ( :OLE /ATE GOV]NM5TS4 ,AS USUAL DUR+ !SE TIMES ( UNRE/1 :ILE ONE FACTION ( ! RUL]S CALL = REPRESSION & WEAPONS1 ! O!R RAISES ! 'SOCIAL QUE/ION'1 :I* IS SUPPOS$ TO BE SOLV$ BY RE=MS OR R$I/RIBUTION POLICIES4 

,GLOBAL CRISIS HAS DE-LEGITIMAT$ CAPITALISM2 ! POLITICS ( ! RUL]S & GOV]NM5TS TO MAKE ! WORK]S & POOR PAY = ! CRISIS HAS FUEL$ ANG] & DESP]ATION4 ,:O W\LD /ILL DISPUTE ?AT WE LIVE 9 A 'CLASS SOCIETY'8 ,BUT :AT DOES ?AT MEAN8 

',CLASSES' 9 ! MORE N>R[ S5SE ( ! WORD ONLY EM]GE ) CAPITALISM - BUT ! DISAPPROPRIATION FROM ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION ON :I* ! PROP]TY-LESS /ATE ( ! PROLET>IAN IS BAS$1 HAS NOT BE5 A S+UL> HI/ORICAL PROCESS4 ,DISAPPROPRIATION IS A DAILY REOCCURR5CE )9 ! PRODUCTION PROCESS ITSELF3 WORK]S PRODUCE1 BUT ! PRODUCT ( !IR LABOR DOES NOT BELONG TO !M4 ,!Y ONLY GET :AT !Y NE$ = ! REPRODUCTION ( !IR LABOR P[]1 OR ?AT ACCORD+ TO ! LIV+ /&>D ?AT !Y HAVE CLAIM$ ?R\< /RUGGLE4 

,9 PR9CIPLE1 CLASS SOCIETIES DON'T RECOGNIZE ANY PRIVILEGES BY BIR?RI<T1 RA!R ! [N]%IP ( MONEY DET]M9ES ONE'S POSITION 9 SOCIETY4 ,9 PR9CIPLE CAPITALISM MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO HAVE A C>E] ?AT />TS FROM BE+ A DI%WA%] TO BECOM+ A /OCK M>KET SPECULATOR 7OR AT LEA/ A SMALL 5TREPR5EUR1 :I* IS ! HOPE ( MANY MIGRANTS74 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 MEMB]S ( ! PETTY B\RGEOISIE OR >TISANS CAN DESC5D 9TO ! RANKS ( ! PROLET>IANS4 ,CLIMB+ UP ! SOCIAL LADD] IS R>ELY ! RESULT ( ONE'S [N LABOR1 RA!R ( ! ABILITY TO BECOME A CAPITALI/ & TO APPROPRIATE O!R PEOPLE'S LABOR4 7,! MAFIA1 AS WELL1 POSSESSES ?IS ABILITY47 

,9 ACTUAL FACT1 A PROCESS ( CLASS POL>IZATION TAKES PLACE1 :I* ,M>X & ,5GELS HAD ALREADY GRASP$ AS AN EXPLOSIVE =CE & PRECONDITION = REVOLUTION4 0,! PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T IS ! SELF-CONSCI\S1 9DEP5D5T MOVEM5T ( ! IMM5SE MAJORITY1 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! IMM5SE MAJORITY40 7,MANIFE/O7 ,IMMANUEL ,WALL]/E9 DECL>$ ,M>X'S !SIS ( CLASS POL>IZATION TO BE HIS MO/ RADICAL ONE1 :I* - ONCE RELAT$ TO ! WORLD SY/EM - HAS BE5 PROV5 TO BE TRUE4 ,POL>IZATION MEANS1 ON ONE H&1 PROLET>IANIZATION1 ON ! O!R H& B\RGEOISIFICATION4 

,CAPITAL IS NOT SIMPLY WEAL? ACCUMULAT$ 9 ! H&S ( A FEW4 ,CAPITAL IS ! PRECONDITION & RESULT ( ! CAPITALI/ PROCESS ( PRODUCTION1 9 :I* LIV+ LABOR CREATES VALUE1 :I* IS APPROPRIAT$ BY O!RS4 ,= CAPITALISM IS NOT TYPICALLY ! 'EXPLOITATION' ( A S+LE WORK] BY AN >TISAN MA/]1 BUT ! EXPLOITATION ( A BIG MASS ( WORK]S 9 A FACTORY4 ,IT IS A MODE ( PRODUCTION BAS$ ON ! FACT ?AT MILLIONS ( PEOPLE WORK TOGE!R AL?\< !Y DON'T KN[ EA* O!R4 ,!Y PRODUCE VALUE TOGE!R1 BUT TOGE!R !Y CAN ALSO REFUSE ?IS WORK & QUE/ION ! SOCIAL DIVISION ( LABOR4 ,AS LABOR P[]1 WORK]S >E P>T ( CAPITAL2 AS ! WORK+ CLASS1 !Y >E CAPITAL'S BIGGE/ 5EMY )94 

,G5]ATIONS ( 'SCI5TIFIC MANAGEM5T' RESE>*]S HAVE TRI$ TO EXPROPRIATE WORK]S' KN[L$GE ( H[ TO PRODUCE 9 ORD] TO BECOME 9DEP5D5T FROM !M4 ,!Y HAVE E/ABLI%$ P>ALLEL PRODUCTION UNITS 9 ORD] TO BE ABLE TO CONT9UE PRODUCTION 9 CASE WORK]S GO ON /RIKE4 ,!Y HAVE CLOS$ D[N & RELOCAT$ FACTORIES 9 ORD] TO BE ABLE TO 9CREASE EXPLOITATION (1 & CONTROL OV]1 NEW GR\PS ( WORK]S4 ,BUT !Y W]E NOT ABLE TO EXORCIZE ! SPECT]4 ,DUR+ ! /RIKE-WAVES ( #b#a1 = ! FIR/ TIME IT HAUNT$ ALL P>TS ( ! GLOBE SIMULTANE\SLY4 ,!SE /RUGGLES >E CURR5TLY 9 ! PROCESS ( *ANG+ ?IS WORLD4 ,EV5 ACADEMIA HAS BECOME AW>E ( IT & AFT] A LONG TIME HAS TURN$ ! WORK+ CLASS 9TO AN OBJECT ( !IR RESE>* AGA9 - AS NUM]\S PUBLICATIONS1 NEW MAGAZ9ES & WEB-PAGES DEMON/RATE1 ?R\< :I* LEFT-W+ SOCIAL SCI5TI/S TRY TO CREATE L9KS BETWE5 WORK]S 9 DIFF]5T CONT95TS4 ,9 ,G]MANY = ! LA/ #be YE>S1 WORK]S W]E LEFT ALONE ) !IR /RUGGLES - H]E1 AS WELL1 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS & 9TELLECTUALS HAVE />T$ REF]R+ TO !M AGA94 

,RETROSPECTIVE 

#ai< - ! WORK+ CLASS AT ! HEI<T ( !IR P[] 

,UP TO #a#i#h#i1 WE W]E ABLE TO EXPLA9 TO \RSELVES :AT WAS HAPP5+ 9 ?IS WORLD1 OR RA!R1 ! CLASS /RUGGLES W]E ABLE TO EXPLA9 IT TO US4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y AWAK5+ >\ND #aifh L$ TO A NEW SURGE ( WORK]S' /RUGGLES 9 MO/ C\NTRIES1 & BR\<T =? A COMPREH5SIVE CRITIQUE ( ! FACTORY SY/EM & CULTURE ( WORK BACK$ BY ! TRADE UNIONS 9 ! METROPOLIS4 ,AT ! 5D ( ! #a#i#gS ! WORK+ CLASS WAS AT ! HEI<T ( !IR P[]4 ,WAGES & 9COMES W]E SECUR$ BY COLLECTIVE B>GA9+ & P]MAN5T & RELATIVELY SECURE EMPLOYM5T WAS /ILL ! NORM4 ,9 ! 9DU/RIAL NATIONS1 ! MAT]IAL CONDITIONS ( WORK]S )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( !IR TOTAL SOCIAL WAGE W]E BETT] ?AN EV] BE=E 9 HI/ORY4 ,& !IR /RUGGLES 9 ! 9DU/RIAL CORE SECTORS 5=C$ BETT] CONDITIONS = EV]YONE4 

,AS E>LY AS DUR+ ! CRISIS ( #a#i#g#c_/#g#d1 !IR PRODUCTIVE P[] HAD />T$ TO BE UND]M9$ ?R\< ! RELOCATION ( LABOR 9T5SIVE MASS PRODUCTION TO ,S\!A/ ,ASIA & RE/RUCTUR+ )9 ! FACTORIES4 ,CAPITAL WANT$ TO GET RID ( WORK]S :O HAD BECOME COMBATIVE & CONFID5T4 ,! C\P 9 ,*ILI 9 #aigc & ! ASC5T ( ! ',*ICAGO ,BOYS' 9DICAT$ ! DIRECTION ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION ( #a#i#g#i_/#h W\LD TAKE1 :I* WAS ID5TIFI$ ) ! NAMES ( ,?AT*] & ,REAGAN1 & :I* LEAD TO SECUL> DEFEATS ( :AT WAS1 UP UNTIL ?AT PO9T1 C5TRAL P>TS ( ! WORK+ CLASS 7DEFEAT AT ,F,I,A,T 9 #a#i#h2 ! MILIT>Y C\P 9 ,TURKEY2 ! #a#i#g#i-#h#a C\NT]-REVOLUTION 9 ,IRAN AFT] ! WORK]S' C\NCIL HAD BE5 SMA%$2 MILIT>Y RULE 9 ,POL& AT ! 5D ( #a#i#h#a2 ! #aihe DEFEAT ( ! M9]S 9 ,5GL&44474 ,DIRECT ATTACKS 9 ! =M ( MASS R$UNDANCIES & SEGM5TATION ( ! WORK=CE FOLL[$4 ,! WORK+ CLASS ON A NATIONAL LEVEL .<NATIONALE ,>BEIT]KLASS5.> B>RICAD$ !MSELVES BEH9D !IR WORKPLACES & WAS ABLE - ?\< ) BIG DIFF]5CES ACCORD+ TO EA* C\NTRY - TO FI<T (F DIRECT DET]IORATIONS ( CONDITIONS = A SUB/ANTIAL P]IOD ( TIME4 

,= PEOPLE AT ! TIME1 ! #a#i#hS 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE W]E CONTRADICTORY TIMES3 ON ! ONE H& MASSIVE ATTACKS1 ON ! O!R H&1 RADICAL SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 ,BUT SE5 FROM TODAY'S P]SPECTIVE IT WAS A DECADE ( DRAMATIC DEFEATS4 ,AU/]ITY POLITICS LEAD TO A DISMANTL+ ( WELF>E 5TITLEM5TS &_/OR !SE W]E MORE TI<TLY L9K$ TO ACTIVELY SEEK+ WORK4 ,IMAGES FROM ! ,U,S %[$ LONG QUEUES ( UNEMPLOY$ PEOPLE 9 FRONT ( RECRUITM5T AG5CIES1 PORTRAY+ ! NEW DIM5SION ( IMPOV]I%M5T ( ! ,U,S WORK+ CLASS - A WORK+ CLASS ?AT US$ TO BE SO P[]FUL4 ,9 ,G]MANY DUR+ ! MID #a#i#hS1 TRADE UNION MOBILIZATION = WORK+-TIME R$UCTIONS 7TO COMBAT UNEMPLOYM5T67 9 RETURN = ! FLEXIBILISATION & CASUALIZATION ( 'NORMAL P]MAN5T WORK CONTRACTS' M>K$ A WAT]%$4 ,! #a#i#hS >E REPRES5T$ BY MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IPS & ECONOMIC DECL9E 9 L>GE P>TS ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 /ATE BANKRUPTCY 9 ,MEXICO1 ! DEBT CRISIS & ,I,M,F DICTATES TO 5=CE '/RUCTURAL ADJU/M5T PROGRAMS'4 

,S9CE ! MID-#a#i#hS1 ! HI< ECONOMIC GR[? RATES ( ! F\R Y\NG 'TIG]-/ATES'1 ,HONG ,KONG1 ,S+APORE1 ,TAIWAN & ,S\? ,KOREA1 TURN$ OLD ASSUMPTIONS ( DEP5D5CE !ORY UPSIDE-D[N4 ,! MASSIVE /RIKE MOVEM5TS ( #aihd FOCUS$ EV]YONE'S ATT5TION ON ,S\? ,KOREA4 ,UND] ! RUL+ CONDITIONS ( A WE/]N-ORI5T$ DEVELOPM5TAL DICTATOR%IP1 :I* HAD MASSACR$ A WORK]S' UPRIS+ ONLY SEV5 YE>S E>LI]1 A WORK+ CLASS HAD EM]G$ ?AT *ALL5G$ ,S\? ,KOREA CAPITAL & ITS' FACTORY REGIME ) RADICAL =MS ( /RUGGLE4 ,?ANKS TO HI< WAGE 9CREASES1 )9 ! SPAN ( A FEW YE>S1 WORK]S W]E ABLE TO CAT* UP ) !IR C\NT]P>TS 9 ! WE/4 ,DUR+ ! LATE #a#i#hS 9 ,EUROPE1 AS WELL1 A NEW CLASS COMPOSITION SEEM$ TO DEVELOP )9 A S]IES ( /RUGGLES 7! NURSES' MOVEM5T1 NURS]Y /RIKES1 TRA9 DRIV]S 9 ,ITALY & ,FRANCE1 TRUCK DRIV]S 9 ,FRANCE1 ! WILDCAT /RIKE AT ,V,W4447 - BUT !N A CRISIS & W> FOLL[$1 & A MASSACRE ?AT *ANG$ ! WORLD444 

,CRISIS & SURGE 9 PROLET>IANIZATION 9 ! #a#i#iS 

,9 ,JUNE #aihi ! >MY OP5$ FIRE ON ,TIANANM5 ,SQU>E MA9LY BECAUSE MASSES ( WORK]S APPE>$ 9 SUPPORT ( ! /UD5TS4 ,NOT /UD5TS1 BUT WORK]S' LEAD]S W]E GIV5 ! DEA? P5ALTY OR LONG PRISON S5T5CES4 ,UN(FICIAL UNIONS W]E IMM$IATELY DECL>$ ILLEGAL & !IR LEAD]S ?R[N 9TO JAIL4 

,?IS EXAMPLE DID NOT REPEAT ITSELF 9 ,B]L9 OR ,LEIPZIG4 ,!RE ! REGIME SURR5D]$4 ,:5 ! WALL FELL 9 #a#i#h#i1 ,WILDCAT APPROA*$ ! COLLAPSE ( REAL EXI/+ SOCIALISM OPTIMI/ICALLY4 ,9 #a#i#h#h_/#h#i CLASS /RUGGLES 9 ,WE/ ,G]MANY HAD 9T5SIFI$ & 9 ! C\RSE ( ! REGIME-*ANGE 9 ! EA/ WE WITNESS$ MASS DEBATES 9 LOCAL WORKPLACES & ON ! /REETS AB\T A SOCIAL FUTURE BEYOND CAPITALISM & ,G,D,R SOCIALISM - :I* TODAY HAS BE5 LONG =GOTT54 ,! ECONOMIC DEVA/ATION ( ! =M] ,G,D,R 9ITIALLY TRIGG]$ A BROAD MOVEM5T ( /RUGGLE AGA9/ FACTORY CLOSURES & ! DET]IORATION ( SOCIAL S]VICES4 

,FOLL[+ ! MASSACRE ( ! ,GULF ,W> 9 #aiia & ! ONSET ( ! ECONOMIC CRISIS1 :I* WAS DELAY$ 9 ,G]MANY DUE TO ! PO/-REUNIFICATION BOOM BUT !N KICK$ 9 EV5 H>D] 9 #a#i#i#c1 WE SAW A MASSIVE COLLAPSE ( EXI/+ CONDITIONS 9 ! METAL 9DU/RY 9 ! =M] ,WE/ ,G]MANY4 ,TRADE UNIONS DID !IR BIT TO RESCUE ,G]MANY AS ! 'EXPORT-NATION'1 = EXAMPLE 9 #aiid ! ,I,G ,METALL 7METAL UNION7 ACCEPT$ AN 9T5SIFICATION ( WORK & MASSIVE FLEXIBILISATION ( WORK+ TIMES 9 ! ',AGREEM5T ( ,P=ZHEIM'4 ,9 ADDITION1 WELF>E B5EFITS W]E ATTACK$ ACROSS ! BO>D4 

,/RUGGLES ?AT W]E HOP$ = - MA9LY 9 ! FACTORIES ?AT W]E 9 ! PROCESS ( BE+ DISMANTL$ 9 ! =M] EA/ ( ,G]MANY - L>GELY DID NOT MAT]IALIZE4 ,! MIGRATION ( HI<-SKILL$ WORK]S FROM EA/ TO WE/ WORK$ AS A SAFETY VALVE = SOCIAL PRESSURE - & RESULT$ 9 WAGES DROPP+ = ! FIR/ TIME 9 ! WE/ DUR+ ! PO/W> P]IOD4 ,MASS UNEMPLOYM5T 9 ! EA/ WAS BUFF]$ ?R\< V>I\S MEANS E4G4 COMPANIES W\LD S5D WORK]S ON TRA9+ PROGRAMS CONT9U\SLY BECAUSE !Y WASN'T ANY WORK1 H\RS ( WORK W]E R$UC$1 SOMETIMES TO Z]O-H\RS4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 :5 WE PO9T$ \T ?AT ! WORKMATE NEXT TO US E>N$ D\BLE AS MU* AS WE DID = ! SAME WORK1 WE W\LD SUDD5LY />T HE>+ COMM5TS ON ! %OP-FLOOR LIKE1 0,! MA9 ?+ IS ?AT WE HAVE A JOB04 ,! '9DU/RIAL RES]VE >MY' WAS BACK6 ,FROM !N ON !Y W]E 9CREAS+LY ABLE TO DIVIDE WORK]S ON ! %OP FLOOR ?R\< ! MASSIVE USE ( TEMP WORK & %ORT-T]M CONTRACTS4 

,9 ,WE/ ,G]MANY 9 ! #a#i#gS1 WE HAD LE>N$ ?AT1 TO A L>GE EXT5T1 ! FUNCTION ( ! UNEMPLOY$ 'RES]VE >MY' TO BUILD PRESSURE ON EMPLOY$ WORK]S HAD BE5 UND]M9$3 AS LONG AS IT WAS NO PROBLEM TO F9D A JOB1 Y\ C\LD 5JOY PAID UNEMPLOYM5T AS A WELCOME BREAK4 ,!RE=E1 WE W]E CAUTI\S ( US+ T]MS LIKE 'RES]VE >MY' &1 ABOVE ALL1 >GU$ AGA9/ A PREMATURE CAPITULATION4 ,WE !N ALSO WITNESS$ A RAPID DET]IORATION ( CONDITIONS = UNEMPLOY$ WORK]S4 ,! ,H>TZ LAWS 7UNEMPLOYM5T B5EFIT RE=MS 9 #b#d_/#b#e7 RESULT$ 9 A MU* L>G] DROP ( 9COME 9 CASES ( 7LONG] T]M7 UNEMPLOYM5T4 

,! DISSOLUTION ( ! ',EA/]N ,BLOC' WAS ALSO A RUPTURE 9 REG>DS TO TRIGG]+ A NEW BOO/ 9 PROLET>IANIZATION ( ! GLOBAL POPULATION4 ,:ILE 9 ! ,EA/]N ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES1 A TYPE ( 'PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION' TOOK PLACE ) =M] POLITICAL (FICIALS ROBB+ & AMASS+ HUGE F9ANCIAL WEAL? ?R\< WILD PRIVATIZATIONS & ! MASSES ( WORK]S LOS+ !IR 5TITLEM5TS TO L&1 ACCOMMODATION & P5SIONS1 :I* HAD PREVI\SLY BE5 M$IAT$ ?R\< ! SOCIALI/ /ATE4 ,ON A GLOBAL SCALE ALL REGIMES %IFT$ T[>DS 'NEOLIB]ALISM'1 9 ADDITION TO 9CREAS$ W> SC5>IOS - & = ! FIR/ TIME S9CE ,W,W,I,I1 ALSO 9 ,EUROPE ITSELF4 

,RETURN ( ! PROLET>IAN CONDITION 

,:5 ! ?REAT5+ IMAGE ( 'GLOBALIZATION' WAS MANUFACTUR$ 9 ,G]MANY DUR+ ! E>LY_/MID-#a#i#iS 7AFT] 'LEAN PRODUCTION' & ',TOYOTISM' 9 PREVI\S YE>S71 ,WILDCAT1 ON ONE SIDE1 TRI$ TO EMPHASIZE ! TRUMP C>D WORK]S /ILL POSSESS$ 70!Y NE$ WORK]S' KN[L$GE01 0!Y FACE HI< CO/S = TRANSPORT & TRANSACTIONS071 & ON ! O!R SIDE1 TO ANALYZE ! POT5TIALS ?AT LAY 9 ! SOCIALIZATION ( PRODUCTION4 ,IF ! :OLE WORLD HAS BECOME CAPITALI/1 !N !RE >E NO NON-CAPITALI/ SECTORS AVAILABLE ANYMORE ?AT C\LD PROVIDE CAPITAL ) A RES]VE ( FRE% LABOR P[]1 :I* MEANS ?AT AT SOME PO9T1 CAPITAL FACES A GLOBAL WORK+ CLASS4 

0,9/EAD ( CONSOLIDAT+ ! MIRAGE ( ! OV]-BE>+ P[] ( CAPITAL & SUBJUGATION ( WORK]S1 WE HAVE TO ASK :]E ! NEW DEP5D5CIES ( CAPITAL ON ! WORK+ CLASS >E SITUAT$444 ,& DOES ! FACT ?AT WORK]S COOP]ATE ACROSS CONT95TS BE> NEW POT5TIALS ( FI<T+ CAPITAL ON A GLOBAL SCALE40.<#a.> 

,SIMIL>LY1 WE DID NOT REG>D ! =MATION ( ! ,E,U IMM$IATELY & AUTOMATICALLY AS A DET]IORATION ( ! POSSIBILITIES = /RUGGLES4 ,!SE W]E ?\<TS1 :I*1 AT ! TIME1 ONLY FEW WANT$ TO %>E4 ,\R PROPOSAL ( MILITANT RESE>* ON A ,EUROPEAN SCALE ( V>I\S SECTORS - ! AUTOMOBILE 9DU/RY1 HOSPITAL WORK1 MIGRATION1 CASUALIZATION - PET]$ \T4 ,= MO/ ( ! LEFT1 O!R QUE/IONS HAD HI<] PRIORITY3 ! 5D ( ! 'SOCIALI/ BLOC'1 ! NEW WAVE ( NATIONALISM & RACISM2 MIGRANTS2 ! CREATION ( ALT]NATIVE TRADE UNIONS444 

,) HIS PUBLICATION (1 ',! RETURN ( ! PROLET>IAN CONDITION' 9 #a#i#i#c1 ,K>L-,HE9Z ,RO? CALL$ UPON ! LEFT TO 5GAGE ) ! QUE/ION ( 'WORK' AGA94 ,C\NT]+ ! PROPAG&I/S ( A PO/MOD]N SOCIETY1 HE SKET*$ \T ! 0T5D5CY T[>DS 'ONE' NEW PROLET>IAT 9 'ONE' CAPITALI/ WORLD04 ,HE SAW A 0HOMOG5IZATION ( EMPLOYM5T RELATIONS T[>DS CASUALIZATION1 CONTRACT WORK & 'DEP5D5T' SELF-EMPLOYM5T04 ,HIS IDEA ?\< ?AT A LEFT MILIEU1 :I* WAS SUBJECT$ TO CASUALIZATION ITSELF1 %\LD HAVE A SPECIFIC 9T]E/ 9 ! MILITANT RESE>* ( CLASS RELATIONS1 CONTA9$ A BASIC FLAW3 ,ON ONE SIDE ! DISSOLUTION ( LEFT-W+ 79FRA-7/RUCTURES & ! T5D5CY T[>DS 9DIVIDUALIZATION HAD ALREADY PROGRESS$ CONSID]ABLY1 & ON ! O!R SIDE1 LEFT ACADEMICS W]E /ILL ABLE TO F9D SOME F9ANCIAL SUPPORT FROM UNIV]SITIES OR RESE>* F\NDATIONS4 ,! TRADITIONAL LEFT CRITICIZ$ ,RO? 9 A RA!R H>% & DOGMATIC MANN]1 BECAUSE HE HAD ALLEG$LY GIV5 UP ON C5TRAL P>TS ( ! WORK+ CLASS PREMATURELY2 HIS VISION ( 'PROLET>IAN CIRCLES' AS NUCLEI = ORGANIZATION W]E DISC>D$ AS SECT>IAN4 

,HIS PROPHECIES MADE AT ! TIME >E A/ONI%+LY ACCURATE ONCE !Y >E RELAT$ TO TODAY'S CONDITIONS4 ,?IS IS DESPITE ! FACT ?AT1 AT ! TIME1 ! *ANGES ?AT HE M5TION$ ) REG>D TO ! 0GLOBALIZATION ( PRODUCTION0 W]E JU/ AB\T TO BECOME VISIBLE & ACCESS TO ! 9T]NET & ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION WAS B>ELY AVAILABLE TO ! COMMON US]4 ,MANY HOPES REG>D+ AN EXPANSION ( SOCIAL REVOLTS HAVE S9CE !N BE5 DISILLUSION$ & MANY ( HIS PRELIM9>Y PROPOSALS - MA9LY =MULAT$ 9 RESPONSE TO HIS CRITICS - TO =M 9T]NATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS W]E NOT TAK5 UP1 OR RA!R1 >E /ILL WAIT+ TO BE TURN$ 9TO PRACTICE4 ,! MA9 REASON ?\< :Y SU* PROPOSALS W]E NOT GREET$ ) A BROAD-BAS$ AGREEM5T WAS ! FACT ?AT ! #a#i#iS 9 ,EUROPE WAS A DECADE ( DEFEATS1 9T]NALIZ$ 9 PREEMPTIVE OB$I5CE BY ! LEFT ?R\< PO/MOD]N & PO//RUCTURALI/ !ORIES & ITS SE>* = ! RI<T K9D ( ID5TITIES4 ,ALL ATTEMPTS ( G5]ALIZATION W]E DE/ROY$ FROM )94 

,S9CE ITS ORIG91 ,WILDCAT'S ROLE HAS BE5 TO SPREAD ! WORD ( WORLDWIDE CLASS /RUGGLES 9 ITS LOCAL SURR\ND+S1 BUT AFT] ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ,EA/]N ,BLOC ?IS DID NOT WORK ANYMORE4 ,MANY READ]S1 AS WELL1 RESIGN$1 FAC+ ! DECL>$ VICTORY ( CAPITALISM4 ,WILDCAT DID NOT WANT TO JU/ CONT9UE AS NORMAL & TO KEEP ! FLAG RAIS$ HI<4 ,9 #aiie ! $ITORIAL COLLECTIVE PUT ! PUBLICATION ( ! MAGAZ9E ON HALT = SEV]AL YE>S & CONT9U$ ! DEBATE 9 ! =M ( ! ,WILDCAT-,ZIRKUL>4 

,ANTI-,GLOB 

,! EM]G5CE ( ! ,E,Z,L,N 9 ! ,LAC&ON ,JUNGLE DUR+ ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,N,A,F,T,A AGREEM5T 9 #aiid PUT REVOLUTION BACK ON ! AG5DA AGA9 & OP5$ ! WAY = COMPLETELY NEW DISC\RSES & HI< HOPES4 ,EV5 MORE SO :5 AN 'ANTI-GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T' CAME TOGE!R ) ! ORGANIZ$ LABOR MOVEM5T 9 RESPONSE TO ! ,W,T,O CONF]5CE 9 ,SEATTLE 9 #a#i#i#i4 

,RADICAL /RUGGLES SEEM$ TO BE TAK+ PLACE 9 ! 'GLOBAL S\?' & 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE1 9 ! =M ( /RUGGLES AGA9/ '5CLOSURES' & 'VALORIZATION'1 RA!R ?AN 9 ! GLOBAL FACTORIES4 ,9 ! FACTORIES PEOPLE W]E PUT UND] PRESSURE1 !IR JOBS W]E CUT BACK1 !Y W]E SUPPOS$ TO WORK MORE ETC4 - & !N READ NEWSPAP] >TICLES :I* EXPLA9$ TO !M :Y ?+S W]E LIKE !Y W]E3 GLOBALIZATION MEANS 9CREAS$ COMPETITION & WE >E ONLY ABLE TO /AY AFLOAT IF WE L[] \R WAGES4 ,?AT S\NDS LOGICAL1 RI<T8 ,F9ALLY1 !SE >E ALL ASSUMPTIONS ?AT CONF9E Y\ TO ! ROLE ( A VICTIM ( ALL-P[]FUL DEVELOPM5TS4 ,!RE=E WE MADE AN EF=T TO CRITICIZE ! NOTION ( GLOBALIZATION & ITS PROPAG&I/IC APPLICATION3 ,! DEBATE AB\T 'GLOBALIZATION' TRIES TO1 0ON AN IDEOLOGICAL LEVEL1 SELL A #c-YE> PHASE ( CAPITALISM'S GLOBAL /AGNATION AS A TRIUMPHAL S]IES ( VICTORIES04 .<#b.> 

,9/EAD ( US+ ! T]MS 'GLOBALIZATION' OR 'NEOLIB]ALISM' WE CONT9U$ WRIT+ AB\T CAPITALISM & REF]R$ TO ! TUMULTU\S DEVELOPM5TS 9 ,ASIA4 

,ASIA IS :]E IT'S AT444 

,! T]M 'GLOBAL WORK+ CLASS' 70,WELT>BEIT]KLASSE07 APPE>$ = ! FIR/ TIME 9 ,WILDCAT ,ZIRKUL> NO4#b#e 7,APRIL #a#i#i#f74 ,! >TICLE ',WORLD 9 A ,RADICAL ,*ANGE' .<#c.> DESCRIB$ ! PROCESS ( PROLET>IANIZATION FROM ,BANGLADE% TO ,9DONESIA TO ,*9A1 :I* WAS ACCOMPANI$ BY 9T5SE /RUGGLES & RIOTS & ! EM]G5CE ( A NEW WORK=CE MIGRAT+ FROM ! C\NTRYSIDE TO ! URBAN WORLD3 Y\NG WOM51 :O PREF] FACTORY WORK TO ! PATRI>*AL RULE 9 ! VILLAGE4 ,!SE Y\NG WORK]S >E DECL>$ AS BE+ A VANGU>D ( ! MAK+ ( A NEW WORK+ CLASS1 :I* IS A REASON TO GIVE US HOPE AGA94 ,! >TICLE ASSUMES ?AT AN 0EXPLOSION ( NE$S_/DESIRES0 IS ! MAT]IAL BASIS ( 'NEOLIB]ALISM'1 :I* DISSOLV$ WORK]S' RIGIDITY 9 ! OLD 9DU/RIAL NATIONS & :I* N[ 9ITIATES A GLOBAL TRANS=MATION ( CLASS RELATIONS />T+ FROM ,ASIA4 ,! WORK]S 9 ! OLD 9DU/RIAL C5T]S WILL SOON LOSE !IR POSITION ( BE+ ! ONLY WORK]S ABLE TO MANUFACTURE C>S4 ,! >TICLE WAS A CALL = 9QUIRY ( !SE *ANGES 9 ,ASIA1 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 & ,AFRICA - & = A RECONSID]ATION ( !ORETICAL 0BALLA/0 E4G4 9 ! =M ( !ORIES AB\T 0! NEW 5CLOSURES0 OR ! 05D ( DEVELOPM5T04 

,:AT FOLL[$ WAS AN 9T5SE DEBATE 9 ,WILDCAT ,ZIRKUL> AB\T ! VALIDITY ( SEEM+LY SELF-EXPLANATORY PRESS RELEASES AB\T WORK]S' UNRE/ & ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ! WORK+ CLASS 9 ,EA/ ,ASIA4 ,P>TS ( ! $ITORIAL COLLECTIVE D5I$ ! 0CRISIS ( CAPITAL0 UND RELOCAT$ ALL REVOLUTION>Y HOPE T[>DS ! 0NEW0 WORK+ CLASS 9 ,ASIA3 

0,:AT IS IT ?AT WE WANT TO H9T AT3 ! GLOBAL WORK+ CLASS RECOMPOSES ITSELF 9 AN UNPREC$5T$ SCOPE & SPE$4 ,?IS HAS TWO ASPECTS & BO? IMPROVE ! POT5TIALS = COMMUNISM4 

#a4 ,! PROLET>IAT HAS BECOME ! QUANTITATIVE MAJORITY ( ! GLOBAL POPULATION OR PUT ANO!R WAY3 ! DEP>TURE ( ! MASSES 9 SE>* ( !IR LUCK IS A /EP T[>DS ! COMPLETION .<#d.> ( DEVELOP$ CAPITALISM4 ,ONLY N[ CAN :AT ,M>X & ,5GELS PO/ULAT$ #ae YE>S AGO 9 ! ',COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O' BECOME TRUE4 

#b4 ,! 'OLD' WORK+ CLASS1 :I* IS SYNONYM\S ) SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY1 TRADE UNIONS1 COMMUNI/ P>TIES1 BLUE OV]ALLS1 WORK]S' PRIDE1 COMPANY-BAS$ 9T]E/S444 LOSES SIGNIFICANCE WORLDWIDE & DISSOLVES ITSELF 9 EQUAL MEASURES ?R\< ESCAPE FROM ! FACTORIES1 BE+ ?R[N \T ( ! FACTORIES & 9 DEF5SIVE /RUGGLES4 ,9 PR9CIPLE ?IS PROCESS IS ! SAME H]E AS IT IS1 = EXAMPLE1 9 ,*9A4 ,BUT 9 TURN !RE EM]GES A NEW WORK+ CLASS CONSI/+ ( Y\NG WORK]S1 & ABOVE ALL1 FIR/ G5]ATION FEMALE WORK]S4 ,& IT IS :OLLY UNNECESS>Y TO EXPLA9 :Y A SEV5TE5-YE> OLD GIRL EMBODIES MORE REVOLUTION>Y HOPE ?AN A #c#e-YE> OLD FAMILY MAN40 .<#e.> 

,A DIFF]5T P>T ( ! $ITORIAL COLLECTIVE M]ELY SAW A REPETITION ( ! MASS-WORK]S' HI/ORY1 BUT NO NEW QUALITY1 & 9SI/$ ON A !ORETICAL GR\ND+ ( ! NOTION ( 'GLOBAL WORK+ CLASS'3 

0,! EM]G5CE ( A 'GLOBAL WORK+ CLASS' IS BAS$ ON ! QUE/ION ( :E!R A REAL SOCIALIZATION ?R\< A GLOBAL PRODUCTIVE COOP]ATION TAKES PLACE1 MEAN+1 ! QUE/ION ( TO :AT EXT5T ! GLOBAL PRODUCTION ( CAPITAL OP5S ! POSSIBILITY ( COMMUNISM4 .<444.> ,TO ANSW] ?IS QUE/ION WE FIR/ ( ALL HAVE TO UND]/& ! 9N] CONNECTION BETWE5 EXPLOIT$ PEOPLE >\ND ! GLOBE1 NAMELY1 ?AT !Y ALREADY PRODUCE ?IS 79V]T$_/UPSIDE-D[N7 WORLD - & ?AT !Y >E !RE=E ABLE TO *ANGE IT40 .<#f.> 

0,ONE ( ! MA9 PROBLEMS ( REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS TODAY LIES 9 ITS 9ABILITY TO CRITICIZE !ORETICALLY & PRACTICALLY ! GLOBAL PRODUCTION PROCESS 9 SU* A RADICAL DEMY/IFY+ WAY40 .<#g.> 

,WORLDWIDE PROLET>IANIZATION & SUPPLY %OCK 

,9 ,JANU>Y #aiih ,K>L-,HE9Z ,RO?1 TOO1 CLAIM$ ?AT #ae YE>S AFT] ! ,COMMUNI/ MANIFE/O1 ! PROLET>IAT HAS CON/ITUT$ ITSELF = ! FIR/ TIME OBJECTIVELY WORLDWIDE - & ?AT CONTR>Y TO ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG'S PRESUMPTION1 NON-CAPITALI/ SECTORS HAVE BE5 COMPLETELY 9TEGRAT$ TOO4 0,= ! FIR/ TIME 9 HI/ORY ! PROP]TY-LESS1 :O HAVE TO (F] & SELL !IR LABOR P[] 9 ORD] TO LIVE1 QUANTITATIVELY CON/ITUTES ! MAJORITY ( ! WORLD POPULATION04 .<#h.> 

,?IS ASSUMPTION RAISES QUE/IONS ON AT LEA/ TWO LEVELS3 ,DO WE UND]/& ?IS PROCESS AS A FIR/ /EP 9 ! CON/ITUTION ( A CLASS )\T ! MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE1 FOLL[$ BY A SECOND /EP 9 ! =M ( ! TRANSITION ( L&LESS PROLET>IANS 9TO WAG$ WORK]S8 ,OR DOES A UNIV]SE ( DIFF]5T RELATIONS ( EXPLOITATION DEVELOP8 ,:AT DOES ?IS MEAN = ! DEVELOPM5T ( /RUGGLES8 .<#i.> 

,?R\<\T ! #a#i#hS ! AUTONOM\S LEFT 9 ,G]MANY RELAT$ MORE TO ! SUBSI/5CE ECONOMY 7OR TO :AT ONE READ 9TO IT7 & RIOTS BY ?OSE :O HAD BE5 EXCLUD$ FROM ! CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION PROCESS ?AN TO 'WAGE WORK]S'4 ,9 #aihc ,WALL]/E9 HAD ALREADY PO9T$ \T ?AT ! L>GE MAJORITY ( ! WORLD POPULATION TODAY WORKS H>D] & LONG] & = LESS 9COME ?AN #d YE>S AGO4 ,?IS PROCESS ( 9CREAS+ DEP5D5CY ON WAGE 9COME WE C\LD CALL1 9 ,M>X'S S5SE1 'PROLET>IANIZATION'4 ,?IS MEANS3 AN 9CREASE ( REAL PUR*AS+ P[]2 IT IS !RE=E 9 ! LONG-T]M 9T]E/S ( CAPITAL1 BUT AGA9/ ! 9T]E/S ( 9DIVIDUAL CAPITALI/S :O >E 9T]E/$ 9 L[ REPRODUCTION CO/S ( !IR WORK]S1 MEAN+1 !Y >E 9T]E/$ 9 A 'SEMI-PROLET>IANIZATION'3 A H\SEHOLD ECONOMY BAS$ ON 9COME FROM DIFF]5T S\RCES & ! SUBSI/5CE ECONOMY OR 9-H\SE-WORK4 .<#a.> 

,9 CONTRA/1 FULL PROLET>IANIZATION 7MEAN+3 BO? WIFE & HUSB& >E FREE WAGE-LABOR]S & BUY ALL ( !IR MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE7 IS DESIR$ RA!R BY ! PROLET>IANS4 ,FULL PROLET>IANIZATION REQUIRES A 'WELF>E /ATE'1 :I* TRANSF]S 9COME TO ?OSE :O DON'T WORK4 ,EA/ ,G]MANY WAS A ROLE-MODEL CASE = 'FULL-PROLET>IANIZATION' - :I* SOLV$ ITS LABOR %ORTAGE PROBLEMS ) MIGRANTS FROM ,VIETNAM & ,MOZAMBIQUE4 ,BAS$ ON ,LUXEMBURG'S !SIS ?AT CAPITALISM IS NOT ABLE TO REPRODUCE ! WORK=CE IT EXPLOITS1 ,WALL]/E9 DEMON/RATES ?AT L>GE P>TS ( ! GLOBAL POPULATION NEV] A*IEVES FULL-PROLET>IANIZATION1 BUT RA!R ?AT H\SEHOLDS /AY DEP5D5T ON SUBSI/5CE PRODUCTION & SELF-EMPLOY$ ACTIVITIES ( ALL K9D4 

,=CES ( ,LABOR 

,WILDCAT PO9T$ \T ! VULN]ABILITY ( ! NEW TRANSPORT *A9S )9 ! NEW GLOBAL L&SCAPE1 :I* W]E O!RWISE DIFFICULT TO COMPREH5D DUE TO RAPID *ANGES & %IFTS4 ,WE FOCUS$ \R ATT5TION ON ! NEW LOCATIONS ( PRODUCTION - DUR+ ! #a#i#iS1 AUTOMOBILE FACTORIES NOT ONLY EM]G$ 9 ,ASIA1 BUT ALSO 9 ,EA/]N ,EUROPE4 

,HELPFUL 9 ?IS REG>D WAS ! BOOK ',=CES ( ,LABOR' BY ,BEV]LY ,SILV]1 :O1 )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( WORLD-SY/EMS ANALYSIS1 POSITION$ WORK+ CLASS UNRE/ AT ! C5T] ( H] RESE>*4 ,%E WAS ABLE TO PO9T \T ?AT1 HI/ORICALLY1 :]EV] CAPITAL GOES1 /RUGGLES FOLL[3 9 REACTION TO ! WORK]S' REVOLTS 9 ! #a#i#gS CAPITAL BUILT NEW C> FACTORIES 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA & ,BRAZIL - & !REBY TRIGG]$ A NEW DYNAMIC ( P[]FUL WORK]S' /RUGGLES4 ,DUR+ ! #a#i#hS ! C> 9DU/RY BOOM$ 9 ,S\? ,KOREA - :I* LEAD TO SIMIL> P]SI/5T /RUGGLES BY A NEW G5]ATION ( WORK]S4 

,:AT WAS IMPORTANT WAS ?AT ,SILV] LOOK$ AT ! 5TIRE GLOBE & E/ABLI%$ ! FACT ?AT 'FIXES' W]E ONLY TEMPOR>Y REPAIR JOBS ( ! SY/EM & ?AT CAPITAL TIME & AGA9 HAD TO CONFRONT RESI/ANCE - BECAUSE LABOR UNRE/ IS 5DEMIC TO CAPITALISM4 ,?\< H] S*EMATIC CATEGORIZATION 9TO ',M>XIAN' /RUGGLES & ',POLANYI-TYPE' /RUGGLES W]E LESS HELPFUL4 

,SILV] ASSUM$ ?AT ! WEAK5+ ( WORK]S' 'B>GA9+ P[]' 9 ! C\NTRIES ( ! GLOBAL NOR? W\LD ONLY BE TEMPOR>Y4 ,H] EMPIRICAL DATA 9ITIALLY ONLY REA*$ UP TO #a#i#i1 BUT WAS !N EXT5D$ TO #aiif - & UP TO #aii H] ANALYSIS DOES FIT ! PICTURE4 ,9 ,EA/]N ,EUROPE ?\<1 WAGES >E /ILL SIGNIFICANTLY L[] ?AN 9 ! ,WE/4 ,AUTOMOBILE WORK]S HAVE CEAS$ TO BE ! BE/ PAID WORK]S1 AT LEA/ ?IS IS NOT TRUE = ALL PLACES >\ND ! GLOBE4 ,SILV] HAS A CYCLICAL PICTURE ( ! WORLD1 CRISIS IS ALWAYS CYCLICAL1 ALWAYS FOLL[$ BY PHASES ( DEVELOPM5T & BOOM4 ,FROM H] P]SPECTIVE A BIG CRISIS W\LD MEAN ?AT FUNDAM5TAL TRANS=MATIONS1 9/ABILITY & A NEW HEGEMONIC =CE 9 ! WORLD SY/EM W\LD EM]GE4 ,%E DOES NOT POSE ! QUE/ION ( H[ WORK]S' /RUGGLE MI<T LEAD TO COMMUNISM & %E HAS 'NOT NOTIC$' ! LONG PHASE DUR+ :I* WORK]S 9 ,S\!A/ ,ASIA DID NOT POSE A REVOLUTION>Y ?REAT TO CAPITALISM4 ,TODAY1 ,SILV] EXPLA9S ! DEEP CRISIS ( ! GLOBAL LABOR MOVEM5T BY ! FACT ?AT ! 'F9ANCIAL FIX' WAS COMB9$ ) A 'DE-MAK+' ( ! E/ABLI%$ WORK+ CLASSES4 ,CAPITAL HAS BE5 REMOV$ FROM PRODUCTION1 ! DE/RUCTIVE SIDE WAS DOM9ANT4 ,NEV]!LESS1 %E /ATES ?AT ! F9ANCIAL FIX WAS EFFECTIVE ONLY TEMPOR>ILY & HAS ALSO %IFT$ ! CRISIS GEOGRAPHICALLY - & HAS F9ALLY LEAD TO A NEW & DEEP CRISIS ( LEGITIMIZATION ( CAPITALISM4 .<#a#a.> 

,& IT IS TRUE ?AT !RE HAS H>DLY EV] BE5 AS MU* ORGANIZ$ RESI/ANCE AGA9/ 9FRA/RUCTURE PROJECTS1 DAMS1 P[] PLANTS ETC4 - P>TICUL>LY 9 ! MORE REC5TLY 9DU/RIALIZ$ C\NTRIES LIKE ,9DIA1 ,9DONESIA OR ,*9A4 ,:E!R WE GRASP !M AS /RUGGLES AGA9/ 'COMMODIFICATION' - OR SIMPLY AS AGA9/ ! DE/RUCTION ( ! BASIS ( LIVELIHOOD3 BY N[ A GLOBAL EXP]I5CE HAS EM]G$ ?AT 'TE*NICAL PROGRESS' DOES NOT AUTOMATICALLY LEAD TO 'DEVELOPM5T'1 BUT IS GO+ H& 9 H& ) DE/RUCTION - & ?AT WE CAN GET ORGANIZ$ AGA9/ ?IS4 

,?IS IS CONTRA/$ BY ! FACT ?AT CAPITAL HAS NEV] BE=E1 DUR+ A PROCESS ( 9DU/RIALIZATION1 5C\NT]$ SO LITTLE RESI/ANCE FROM WORK]S AS DUR+ ! PHASE BETWE5 #aii & #b#e4 ,IT WAS ABLE TO DET]IORATE WORK]S CONDITIONS CONT9U\SLY )\T BE+ S]I\SLY ?REAT5$ BY !IR COLLECTIVE RESI/ANCE4 ,! COMP5SATION ( 9DU/RIAL JOBS ) HI<-QUALITY S]VICE JOBS ?AT HAD BE5 PR$ICT$ VANI%$ 9TO ?9 AIR4 ,DUR+ ?IS P]IOD WORK]S' /RUGGLES GLOBALLY - 9 ,*9A1 TOO - HAD A L>GELY DEF5SIVE *>ACT]1 LEAD BY ! 'OLD WORK+ CLASSES' AGA9/ CLOSURES OR \TS\RC+_/RE-LOCATIONS4 7,?AT ALSO EXPLA9S :Y1 DUR+ ! SAME P]IOD1 ! LEFT ?REW ! NOTION ( CLASS OV]BO>D47 

,! OP5+ ( ! LABOR M>KETS 9 ,9DIA & ,*9A DUR+ ! #a#i#iS L$ TO A 'SUPPLY %OCK'3 ALMO/ OV]NI<T ! SUPPLY ( LABOR P[] D\BL$4 ,!RE W]E D\BLE AS MANY WORK]S EMPLOY$ 9 9DU/RY 9 ,*9A COMP>$ TO ! ,G#g /ATES PUT TOGE!R4 ,*9A BECAME ! FACTORY ( ! WORLD & MA9 EXPORT LOCATION = 9DU/RIALLY PRODUC$ CONSUM] GOODS1 9 P>TICUL> ( ?OSE ) HI< PRODUCT VOLUMES4 ,! CONSEQU5CES = A P>T ( ! GLOBAL WORK+ CLASS W]E - AS PR$ICT$ - CATA/ROPHIC3 ! G>M5T 9DU/RY LEFT ,MEXICO & %IFT$ TO ,ASIA4 ,*9A JO9+ ! ,W,T,O 9 #bb & ! ,MULTI ,FIB] ,AGREEM5T #be WAS SUPPOS$ TO BE ! PEAK ( ?IS DEVELOPM5T - BUT !N ?+S *ANG$3 9 ,*9A WORK]S 9 ! NEW FACTORIES />T$ TO FI<T & !IR /RUGGLES EXP&$444 

,:AT HAS *ANG$ 9 ! LA/ #d YE>S 

,S9CE ! 'OIL CRISIS' 9 #aigc !RE HAVE BE5 *ANGES ) LONG-T]M IMPACTS3 TODAY OV] SEV5 BILLION PEOPLE LIVE ON ?IS PLANET4 ,BETWE5 #aie & #aig ! ANNUAL GR[? RATE ( ! GLOBAL POPULATION WAS #b P] C5T1 S9CE !N ! GR[? RATE HAS SL[$ D[N1 9 P>TICUL> 9 ?OSE >EAS :]E PROLET>IANIZATION TAKES PLACE4 

,9 ! 'DEVELOP+ C\NTRIES' ! LABOR =CE HAS BE5 9CREAS+ BY #b P] C5T1 :I* MEANS ?AT ! TOTAL LABOR =CE HAS D\BL$ 9 #c YE>S1 :ILE 9 ,EUROPE ?IS PROCESS TOOK #i YE>S4 ,PROLET>IANIZATION TAKES PLACE AT A MU* MORE RAPID PACE ?AN ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY IS ABLE TO ABSORB3 MANY DO NOT F9D WAGE LABOR ?AT PAYS 5\< TO LIVE ON4 ,A HUGE NUMB] ( PROLET>IANS 5D UP 9 ! 9=MAL SECTOR4 ,! %>E ( WOM5 AS P>T ( ! TOTAL ! LABOR =CE 9CREASES4 ,UNEMPLOYM5T RATES >E HI<1 P>TICUL>LY AMONG Y\NG PEOPLE1 EV5 HI<] AMONG MIGRANTS1 OR RA!R1 M9ORITIES4 7,?IS AGGRAVATES ! RUL+ CLASS' FE> ?AT WAS PREVI\SLY M5TION$3 !RE IS A CORRELATION BETWE5 HI< LEVELS ( UNEMPLOYM5T AMONG Y\NG M5 & FREQU5CY ( SOCIAL UNRE/2 'SOCIAL UNRE/' HAS HIK$ AFT] #b#i1 ) AN 9CREASE ( #a P] C5T ( RECORD$ 9CID5TS - MA9LY 9 ! ,MIDDLE-,EA/1 ,NOR? ,AFRICA1 BUT ALSO 9 ,S\!RN ,EUROPE1 ! =M] ,EA/]N ,BLOC & A LITTLE LESS 9 ,S\? ,ASIA47 

,EMPLOYM5T 9 AGRICULTURE HAS %RUNK DRAMATICALLY2 ONLY 9 ! POORE/ REGIONS DOES MORE ?AN HALF ( ! POPULATION /ILL WORK ON ! FIELDS4 ,! CONC5TRATION PROCESS 9 ! AGRO-9DU/RY CONT9UES & PEASANTS TURN 9TO AGRICULTURAL LABOR]S1 SOME ( :O LIVE 9 T[NS RA!R ?AN ! C\NTRYSIDE4 ,9 ,EA/ ,ASIA ! FLI<T FROM ! C\NTRYSIDE LEADS1 TO A L>GE EXT5T1 DIRECTLY 9TO 9DU/RIAL WORK1 :ILE 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA & ,AFRICA IT IS MA9LY ! S]VICE SECTOR ?AT REGI/]S GR[?4 ,S9CE #bg 7MORE ?AN7 HALF ( ! GLOBAL POPULATION LIVES 9 URBAN >EAS4 ,9 ! DEVELOP+ C\NTRIES 9 P>TICUL> ! MEGA-CITIES GR[1 #h P] C5T ( ! 9HABITANTS LIVE 9 SLUMS4 ,SLUM CITIES >E AN EXPRESSION ( ! FACT ?AT PEOPLE WANT TO BECOME P>T ( ! GLOBAL WORK+ CLASS4 ,!Y >E />T+-PO9TS & TRANSIT-/ATIONS = A BETT] LIFE - 9 ! RESPECTIVE OR A DIFF]5T C\NTRY1 :]EV] LABOR IS NE$$4 

,9 ! WORLDWIDE PROCESS ( PROLET>IANIZATION 'MOBILE LABOR' 7OR 'MIGRANT LABOR'7 HAS BECOME ! MO/ G5]AL =M ( LABOR1 AS MU* 9 ! =M ( MIGRATION TO A DIFF]5T C\NTRY 7E4G4 ! ,E,U7 OR AS 9T]NAL MIGRATION 7E4G4 9 ,*9A1 :]E ! GOV]NM5T E/IMATES ?AT !RE >E #ac MILLION MIGRANT LABOR]S1 \T ( :OM #h MILLION HAVE MIGRAT$ FROM ! POOR] 9N] REGIONS T[>DS ! COA/AL T[NS74 ,! NUMB] ( 9T]NATIONAL MIGRANTS TODAY 7#b#a#c7 IS HI<] ?AN EV] BE=E3 #bcb MILLION 79 #b !RE W]E #age MILLION71 \T ( :I* #b TO #c MILLION >E )\T PAP]S4 ,!IR %>E AS P>T ( ! TOTAL POPULATION 9CREAS$ BETWE5 #b & #bac FROM #b4#i TO #c4#c P] C5T4 ,! L>GE MAJORITY >E LABOR MIGRANTS1 NOT REFUGEES OR ASYLUM SEEK]S4 

,A NOTEWOR?Y DEVELOPM5T IS ! 9CREASE ( A PROLET>IAT ( MIGRANT WORK]S1 :O - M$IAT$ ?R\< ! 9T]NATIONAL RECRUITM5T AG5CIES - 5GAGE 9 'SIMPLE' WORK 9 DIFF]5T C\NTRIES = L[ PAY1 BUT :O >E NOT SUPPOS$ TO SETTLE D[N !RE3 CON/RUCTION WORK]S FROM ,9DIA1 ,PAKI/AN1 ,BANGLADE% :O WORK ON ! BIG CON/RUCTION SITES 9 ! GULF /ATES1 :O LIVE 9 CAMPS & :OSE COLLECTIVE SITUATION HAS FREQU5TLY RESULT$ 9 /RIKES & REBELLION - CONFRONT$ ) DRACONIAN REPRESSION4 ,MILLIONS ( DOME/IC WORK]S FROM ! ,PHILIPP9ES OR ,9DONESIA ETC4 :O WORK 9 RI* OR BETT]-(F H\SEHOLDS 9 ! GULF /ATES1 BUT ALSO 9 ,HONG ,KONG4 ,C>E WORK]S = ELD]LY PEOPLE1 :O MOVE FROM ,EA/]N ,EUROPE TO ! ,WE/1 9 ORD] TO WORK 9 H\SEHOLDS ?AT CANNOT AF=D TO HIRE A LOCAL C>]4 ,9CREAS+LY 9DU/RIAL WORK]S1 AS WELL1 >E RECRUIT$ TO WORK 9 F>AWAY 'FREE PRODUCTION ZONES'1 9 ORD] TO UND]M9E ! LOCAL WORK+ CLASS4 

,PEOPLES' LIV+ CONDITIONS >E L>GELY DET]M9$ BY :]E !Y LIVE - BUT ! WORK+ CONDITIONS ( 'SIMPLE' WORK]S 9 ! GLOBAL NOR? & S\? >E BECOM+ /RUCTURALLY MORE SIMIL>4 ,9 ! ASSEMBLY PLANTS = ! PRODUCTION ( COMPLEX MASS-CONSUM] GOODS 9 ,*9A & ,9DIA1 TOO1 MA*9]Y ( ! MO/ MOD]N /&>D IS US$4 ,SIMPLE MANUAL LABOR TAKES PLACE AT ! FR+E-P>TS ( ! SUPPLY-*A9 9 ! SLUMS' BACKY>DS1 BUT ALSO 9 ! W>EH\SES ( ! DI/RIBUTION C5T]S 9 ! HE>T ( ,EUROPE OR ! ,U,S4 ,)9 ! SAME VALUE *A9 ABSOLUTE & RELATIVE SURPLUS VALUE PRODUCTION >E COMB9$4 

,UP UNTIL ! CRISIS ( #a#i#g#c_/#g#d1 P]SI/5T ECONOMIC GR[? HAD MORE ?AN COMP5SAT$ = PRODUCTIVITY 9CREASES & = SUCCESSFUL 'RATIONALIZATION'1 MEAN+1 ! EMPLOYM5T RATE DID NOT DECREASE & ! WELF>E /ATE WAS EXP&$4 ,S9CE !N1 GR[? ( 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION HAS /AGNAT$ - CURR5TLY IT IS >\ND #c P] C5T1 9 ! NE> FUTURE >\ND #a4#e P] C5T8 

,EMPLOYM5T 9 MANUFACTUR+ 79CLUD+ CON/RUCTION7 HAS 9CREAS$ GLOBALLY1 BUT RATES ( 9DU/RIALIZATION LIKE WE SAW #e OR #a YE>S AGO >E NOT REA*$ ANY:]E ANYMORE3 CAPITAL LEAVES PLACES MU* FA/] ?AN 9 ! PA/1 RELOCATES PRODUCTION TO '*EAP]' >EAS OR TRANS=MS IT LOCALLY 9TO A 'S]VICE' - OR /OPS 9VE/+ AT ALL4 ,9 MANY ( ! NEWLY 9DU/RIALIZ$ C\NTRIES ! %>E ( 9DU/RIAL WORK]S HAS ALREADY REA*$ ITS PEAK AT #b P] C5T ( ! TOTAL WORK=CE4 

,9 ! OLD 9DU/RIAL NATIONS A PROCESS ( DE-9DU/RIALIZATION TAKES PLACE - ?\< WE CAN MAKE \T MAJOR DIFF]5CES3 9 ! ,U,S #aa P] C5T WORK 9 9DU/RIES1 :ILE ,G]MANY IS AT ! TOP ( ! LI/ 9 ! ,E,U ) #bb P] C5T 7#b#g74 ,9 #aig 9DU/RIAL WORK]S /ILL ACC\NT$ = #cg P] C5T 7:ILE TODAY1 WORK \TS\RC$ TO '9DU/RY-RELAT$ S]VICE PROVID]S' DOES NOT C\NT AS 9DU/RIAL WORK ANYMORE74 .<#a#b.> 

,GLOBALIZATION HAS RESULT$ 9 A NEW POL>IZATION BETWE5 HI<] & L[] QUALIFI$ JOBS4 ,9 ! OLD] 9DU/RIAL NATIONS ANY JOBS ?AT REQUIRE A M$IUM LEVEL ( QUALIFICATION >E R$UC$1 NEW JOBS T5D TO BE TEMPOR>Y & LESS WELL PAID4 ,! 'S]VICE SECTOR' GR[S GLOBALLY - & H]E1 AS WELL1 !SE TWO POLES >E REPLICAT$3 BO? 'SIMPLE WORK' 7CLEAN+1 C>E-WORK7 & 'NON-R\T9E' JOBS ( HI<] SKILL-LEVELS 9CREASE1 :]EAS R\T9E JOBS ( M$IUM LEVEL QUALIFICATIONS 7ACC\NTANT1 (FICE CL]KS7 DECREASE3 ! 9TRODUCTION ( COMPUT]S HAS MADE MANY ASPECTS ( ?IS WORK R$UNDANT OR IT WAS ABLE TO BE RELOCAT$ MORE EASILY4 ,?IS IS ONE ( ! REASONS :Y ! WAGE GAP )9 ! SECTOR WID5S4 

,UNEQUAL 9COMES 

,DUR+ ! #a#i? & #b? C5TURY ! DIFF]5CES 9 9COME LEVELS BETWE5 DIFF]5T C\NTRIES W]E ! MO/ PRON\NC$4 ,OV] ! YE>S !SE DIFF]5CES DECREAS$ DUE TO ! WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLES )9 ! C\NTRIES4 ,9 ! LA/ #b YE>S ?IS T5D5CY T[>DS EQUALITY HAS *ANG$ AGA93 :ILE CONDITIONS BETWE5 DIFF]5T NATIONS BECOME MORE SIMIL>1 9COME DIFF]5CES )9 C\NTRIES HAVE %>P5$ DRA/ICALLY4 

,9 ! NEWLY 9DU/RIALIZ$ C\NTRIES ! WAGE GAP IS SIMIL>LY HI< AS 9 ,EUROPE #a YE>S AGO4 ,9 ! ,U,S WAGE DIFF]5CES W]E ! LEA/ />K DUR+ ! P]IOD BETWE5 #aie & #aig - DUR+ ! #a#i#fS !Y W]E LESS PRON\NC$ COMP>$ TO ,FRANCE1 :]E ONLY AFT] #aifh W]E ! L[] 9COME LEVELS ABLE TO CAT* UP4 ,S9CE ! NEOLIB]AL C\NT]-REVOLUTION ! 9COME DISP>ITY HAS EXPLOD$1 :I* HAS BE5 FUR!R AGGRAVAT$ S9CE ! GLOBAL CRISIS - ESPECIALLY ONCE WE LOOK AT TAKE-HOME WAGES AFT] TAX & TRANSF]-9COMES4 ,BETWE5 #aig & #ba ! AV]AGE VALUE ( PRIVATE ASSETS 9 MONEY-T]MS 9CREAS$ SIGNIFICANTLY1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,JAPAN & ,EUROPE4 ,?IS 9CREASE ( ! 'SAV+S RATE' TRANSLAT$ 9TO A DECREASE 9 GR[? - COMPANIES /OPP$ 9VE/+4 ,F9ANCIAL ASSETS [N$ BY ! NATION /ATE DECREAS$ & /ATE DEBT GREW4 7,NOT ONLY7 9 ! =M] /ATE-CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES1 EXTREME PLUND]+ & AMASS+ ( ASSETS 9TO PRIVATE H&S TOOK PLACE DUR+ ! PROCESS ( PRIVATIZATION4 .<#a#c.> 

,DIFF]5T ,SECTORS - DIFF]5T CONDITIONS = /RUGGLE 

,M9+3 ,=M]LY1 M9+ WORK]S & !IR FAMILIES LIV$ CLOSE TO ! PITS1 !IR VILLAGES W]E ALSO COMMUNITIES ( /RUGGLE4 ,H]E A MAJOR PROCESS ( RE/RUCTUR+ IS TAK+ PLACE1 P>TICUL>LY :5 IT COMES TO OP5-CA/ M9+3 N[1 M9]S >E (T5 EMPLOY$ AS TEMPOR>Y CONTRACT WORK]S & !Y LIVE 9 CONTA9] SETTLEM5TS 7OR O!R =MS ( >RANG$ ACCOMMODATION7 F> AWAY FROM !IR FAMILIES4 

,TEXTILES_/,G>M5TS_/,%OES3 ,!SE >E ! MO/ IMPORTANT SECTORS 9 DEVELOP+ NATIONS4 ,MA9LY Y\NG WOM5 >E EMPLOY$ - SIMIL> TO ! SITUATION 9 #a#i? C5TURY ,EUROPE4 ,! 'NEW 9T]NATIONAL DIVISION ( LABOR' DUR+ ! #a#i#gS HAD ITS ORIG9S 9 !SE SECTORS4 ,FACTORIES CAN BE RELOCAT$ MORE EASILY1 MA*9]Y IS NOT P>TICUL>LY EXP5SIVE4 ,! SECTOR IS *>ACT]IZ$ BY SMALL & M$IUM SIZE COMPANIES1 ! PR(IT M>G9S >E L[4 ,COMPANIES L>GELY DEP5D ON SUPPLY-CONTRACTS ) BIG FA%ION BR&S OR RETAIL *A9S4 ,DESIGN & 7SOMETIMES7 CUTT+ IS DONE SEP>ATELY FROM ! MORE LABOR-9T5SIVE 7\TS\RC$7 PRODUCTION DEP>TM5T4 ,9 #be & #bh GLOBAL IMPORT B>RI]S ?AT W]E MEANT TO PROTECT LOCAL 9DU/RIES W]E ABOLI%$4 ,TODAY1 ,*9A 7OR RA!R 'COMPANIES 9 ,*9A'7 IS ! BIGGE/ MANUFACTUR] WORLDWIDE1 EMPLOY+ #b4#g MILLION PEOPLE4 ,COMPANIES ) HEADQU>T]S 9 ,TAIWAN RUN FACTORIES 9 ,MEXICO & ,NIC>AGUA1 COMPANIES FROM ,*9A OP5 NEW PLANTS 9 ,AFRICA4 

,AUTOMOBILE3 ,>E /ILL ! MO/ COMPLEX CONSUMPTION GOOD4 ,A FEW TRANSNATIONAL AUTOMOBILE CORPORATIONS DOM9ATE ! SECTOR ) LONG-T]M PLANN+ = LOCAL PRODUCTION UNITS & HI< DEM&S CONC]N+ 9FRA/RUCTURE4 ,! SECTOR DEP5DS MASSIVELY ON /ATE SUBSIDIES4 ,MOD]N FACTORIES MAKE USE ( EXP5SIVE MA*9]Y & 9CREAS+LY ONLY EMPLOY WORK]S ) TE*NICAL QUALIFICATIONS4 ,! WORK=CE IS SEGM5T$ 9TO P]MAN5TS1 PEOPLE ) TEMPOR>Y CONTRACTS1 AG5CY WORK]S1 CONTRACT WORK]S1 ALL DIVID$ BY SIGNIFICANT WAGE DIFF]5CES4 ,?IS IS A GLOBAL PH5OM5ON4 

,CONSUM] ELECTRONICS3 ,P>TLY SKILL$ LABOR1 BUT ALSO A BIG %>E ( WORK]S TRA9$ ON ! JOB4 ,! QUALITY LEVELS DEM&$ ( !SE PRODUCTS >E HI<1 BECAUSE ! PRODUCTS T5D TO BE EXP5SIVE4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! MA*9E EQUIPM5T WE MA9LY SEE LONG]-T]M 9VE/M5TS1 !RE=E ALSO V]Y M9UTE PLANN+ ( :]E TO E/ABLI% PRODUCTION4 ,! SUB-CONTRACT$ PRODUCTION = V>I\S BR&S 9 MEGA-FACTORIES1 MO/ ( ALL 9 ,*9A1 HAS BECOME COMMON 7,FOXCONN ETC473 !IR PRODUCTION CAPACITY IS EXT5SIVE 5\< TO PRODUCE MOBILE PHONES = ! :OLE GLOBE4 

,CON/RUCTION3 ,DUR+ ! LA/ DECADES ! SECTOR HAS PLAY$ AN 9CREAS+LY IMPORTANT ROLE1 DUE TO ! FACT ?AT REAL E/ATE & GIGANTIC CON/RUCTION PROJECTS W]E A MEANS TO 9FLATE SPECULATIVE BUBBLES4 ,MA9LY MIGRANTS FROM ! C\NTRYSIDE OR FROM ABROAD >E EMPLOY$ ON CON/RUCTION SITES4 ,L>GELY MALE WORK]S4 ,MAJOR CON/RUCTION PROJECTS >E (T5 DEVELOP$ \TSIDE URBAN >EAS1 MEAN+ ?AT WORK]S >E PLAC$ 9 CAMPS4 

,LOGI/ICS3 ,ALONGSIDE ! GLOBAL RELOCATION ( PRODUCTION ! AM\NT ( TRANSPORT WORK HAS 9CREAS$ DRA/ICALLY1 :ILE !RE WAS A SIGNIFICANT DROP 9 TRANSPORT CO/S4 ,BESIDES A FEW HI<LY PAID PR(ESSIONAL GR\PS1 ! SECTOR CONSI/S MA9LY ( SIMPLE MANUAL LABOR1 (T5 DONE BY MIGRANTS 9 SEMI-LEGAL CONDITIONS4 ,9 DI/RIBUTION C5T]S EV]Y:]E >\ND ! GLOBE NEW CONC5TRATIONS ( MASS WORK >E EM]G+4 

,S]VICE WORK3 ,EV]Y?+ ?AT IS NOT AGRICULTURE1 M9+ OR DIRECT MANUFACTUR+ WORK4 ,:ILE =M]LY S]VICE WORK WAS DONE :]EV] ! ACTUAL S]VICE WAS NE$$1 TODAY MU* ( ! (FICE WORK1 SU* AS BACK-(FICE1 ACC\NTANCY1 CALL C5T] WORK ETC4 CAN BE P]=M$ ANY:]E 9 ! WORLD1 AS LONG AS IT HAS 9T]NET CONNECTION4 

,! SEGM5TATION ( WORK]S ?R\< DIFF]5T EMPLOYM5T RELATIONS IS A BIG *ALL5GE = COMMON /RUGGLES1 ! OLD HABITUAL =MULAS HAVE BECOME 9EFFECTIVE4 7,AFT] ! /RIKES AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! #a#i#gS ! 'GUE/ WORK]S' 7,GA/>BEIT]7 HAVE /RUGGL$ !IR WAY 9TO ! TRADE UNIONS & BECAME ! RELIABLE F\NDATION = ALL FUTURE MOBILIZATIONS4 ,9 CONTRA/1 ! NEW MIGRANTS >E MO/LY CONTRACT OR TEMP WORK]S47 

,BUT ONLY 9 ,/AL9I/ OR SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC /ORYTELL+ DID ! WORK+ CLASS US$ TO BE A HOMOG5E\S BLOCK4 ,9 REALITY IT WAS V]Y HET]OG5E\S 9 ! #a#i? C5TURY OR 9 #a#i#b1 TOO - & NOT ONLY 9 T]MS ( ! DIVISIONS BETWE5 MALE & FEMALE WORK]S OR LOCALS & MIGRANTS4 ,WE CANNOT EQUATE WORK+ CLASS ) 9DU/RIAL WORK]S6 ,EV5 9 ,5GL& 9 ! #a#i? C5TURY HALF ( ! WORK=CE WAS EMPLOY$ \TSIDE ! FACTORY SY/EM4 ,& WE C\LD ALSO F9D WAGE DIFF]5CES ( #c P] C5T BETWE5 FACTORY WORK]S ) ,G]MAN PASSPORTS4 ,HI/ORICALLY ! WORK+ CLASS LE>N$ TIME & AGA9 TO /RUGGLE 7TOGE!R7 UND] SU* CIRCUM/ANCES4 

,! 5D ( ! PEASANT QUE/ION 

,9 AUTUMN #bh AN >TICLE WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ,WILDCAT NO4#h#b1 :I* 5GAG$ ) ! ROMANTISATION ( ! PEASANTRY BY ! ANTI-GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T4 ,! MA9 !SIS WAS ?AT TODAY !RE IS NO SEP>ATE 'PEASANT QUE/ION' ANYMORE & ?AT IT IS RA!R AB\T ! RECOMPOSITION ( ! GLOBAL WORK+ CLASS FROM BEL[4 

0,9 E>LI] PHASES ( HI/ORY HUMANS US$ TO PRODUCE !IR MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE 9 SMALL COMMUNITIES & !Y W]E DEP5D5T ON ! NATURAL FLUCTUATIONS ( PRODUCTION4 ,9 CONTRA/ TO ?AT CAPITALISM CREAT$ ! WORLD M>KET RI<T FROM ! />T1 & ITS MA9 PRODUCTIVE =CE 7MA*9]Y7 IS ITSELF A PRODUCT ( HUMAN LABOR4 ,! G5]AL CONTEXT ( A GLOBAL SOCIETY BECOMES ! BASIC CONDITION ( \R EXI/5CE & REPRODUCTION 70,SECOND ,NATURE07 & 9 ?IS S5SE IT IS ! REAL HUMAN COMMUNITY4 ,ONLY S9CE HUMANS' LIVELIHOOD />T$ TO DEP5D ON SOCIAL RA!R ?AN ON 9DIVIDUAL LABOR HAVE WE BE5 ABLE TO RAISE ! QUE/ION ( COLLECTIVE APPROPRIATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION AT ALL - & N[ADAYS ACTUALLY ON A GLOBAL LEVEL60 .<#a#d.> 

,CONTR>Y TO ?IS ,SAMIR ,AM9 .<#a#e.>1 AMONG O!RS1 CONT9UES TO PRES5T A CLASSIC ANTI-IMP]IALI/ POSITION4 ,HE /ILL DIVIDES ! GLOBE UP 9TO ! TRIAD 7,E,U1 ,JAPAN1 ,U,S7 & ! P]IPH]Y1 9 :I* #h P] C5T ( ! WORLD POPULATION LIVE1 HALF ( !M 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE4 ,)\T F9D+ A SOLUTION = !SE PEOPLE1 NO 'O!R WORLD' W\LD BE POSSIBLE4 ,AM9 RECKONS ?AT ! PROCESS :I* O!R PEOPLE CALL GLOBALIZATION IS ACTUALLY AN ONGO+ IMPLOSION ( ! IMP]IALI/ SY/EM4 ,HE DISC>DS ! NOTION ( ! ANTI-GLOB MOVEM5T TO *ANGE ! WORLD )\T TAK+ P[] AS NAIVE - AS NAIVE AS ! IDEA ( AN ECOLOGICAL COMPROMISE ) CAPITAL4 ,HE ALLEGES ?AT ! 'IMP]IALI/ R5T'1 FROM :I* ! SOCIAL MIDDLE-/RATA 9 ! GLOBAL NOR? B5EFIT1 IS A B>RI] TO ! PA? = COMMON /RUGGLE4 ,9 ORD] TO E/ABLI% SOCIALISM OR COMMUNISM1 WORK]S & PEOPLES HAVE TO F9D (F5SIVE /RATEGIES ON ?REE LEVELS1 ALREADY PO9T$ \T BY ,MAO3 ! PEOPLE1 ! /ATE1 ! NATION4 ,A RETURN TO ! ,KEYNESIAN PO/W> MODEL IS IMPOSSIBLE - HI/ORY DOESN'T HAVE A REV]SE GE>4 ,BUT ACCORD+ TO ,AM9 ! PEASANT QUE/ION IS /ILL C5TRAL3 ACCESS TO L& = ALL PEASANTS & DEVELOPM5T ( A MORE PRODUCTIVE AGRICULTURE1 OPPOS$ TO PEASANT FOLKLORE4 ,BUILD+ ( 9DU/RY & DEVELOPM5T ( ! =CES ( PRODUCTION4 

,!SE POLITICAL PROPOSALS >E AS ANTIQUAT$ AS ! ANALYSIS /UCK 9 ! PA/3 BY N[ 9 ,*9A ! ?IRD G5]ATION ( MIGRANT WORK]S >E WORK+ 9 ! GLOBAL FACTORIES4 ,9 ! PROCESS ( EXODUS ( MILLIONS ( UPROOT$ PEASANTS FROM ! RURAL >EAS1 AN 9DU/RIAL WORK+ CLASS HAS BE5 =M$ 9 CLASSICAL WAYS4 ,! DIVISION BETWE5 URBAN & RURAL DWELL]S HAS NOT BE5 OV]COME1 BUT ! =M] VILLAG]S HAVE L>GELY DISSOLV$ !IR TIES TO ! L& &1 ABOVE ALL1 !Y DON'T WANT TO RETURN TO IT6 

,MORE 9T]E/+ ?\< IS ,AM9'S >GUM5T AGA9/ ! IDEA ?AT ! DEVELOP+ C\NTRIES 9 ! 'EM]G+ M>KETS'1 E4G4 ! NEW ,TIG] /ATES1 ,BRAZIL1 ,TURKEY ETC41 C\LD BECOME ! NEW C5T]S ( CAPITALISM3 ACCORD+ TO HIM ! NECESS>Y 'SECURITY VALVES' = ?AT TO HAPP5 >E MISS+ 9 !SE REGIONS4 ,PROLET>IANIZATION 9 ,EUROPE 9 ! #a#h? C5TURY HAD MIGRATION TO ,AM]ICA AS A SECURITY VALVE4 ,TODAY IT W\LD NE$ SEV]AL ,AM]ICAS = SIMIL> PROCESSES ( 9DU/RIALIZATION TO HAPP5 9 ! 'EM]G+ M>KET' C\NTRIES4 ,!RE=E !Y DON'T HAVE A *ANCE TO CAT* UP4 ,?IS >GUM5T HAS TO BE FUR!R %>P5$ T[>DS ! FOLL[+ QUE/ION3 ,:AT HAPP5S 9 ! ACTUAL & CURR5T PROCESSES ( 9DU/RIALIZATION ONCE /RUGGLES CANNOT BE *ANNEL$ 9TO SOCIAL DEMOCRACY ON ONE H& OR MASS MIGRATION ON ! O!R8 

,PROLET>IANIZATION TRANSLATES 9TO CLASS /RUGGLE 

,(T51 WE ONLY REALIZE 9 H9DSI<T IF & :5 A QUALITATIVE %IFT TOOK PLACE4 ,9 #bd ! FIR/ 'GLOBAL TRAFFIC JAM' WAS REPORT$4 ,! /RIKES 9 ! ,*9ESE ,PE>L ,RIV] DELTA 9 #bd AT ! PEAK ( ! BOOM M>K$ ! FIR/ BIG CYCLE ( /RUGGLES 9 ! 'NEW FACTORIES'4 ,?R\< (F5SIVE /RUGGLES !Y GA9$ SIGNIFICANT WAGE 9CREASES & HAD AN EFFECT ON ! SITUATION 9 FACTORIES 9 ! :OLE ( ,EA/ ,ASIA4 ,9 ,VIETNAM1 ,CAMBODIA1 ,BANGLADE%1 ,BAHRA91 WORK]S' /RIKES ]UPT$ & ) ! BUS DRIV]S' DISPUTE 9 ,IRAN 9 #b#f1 ! FIR/ IMPORTANT /RIKE S9CE #aigi TOOK PLACE6 ,A WORLDWIDE GR\NDSWELL ( WORK]S' /RUGGLES CAN BE RETRAC$ FROM #b#f1 MEAN+ BE=E ! GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRA%4 ,?IS GR\NDSWELL TRANS=M$ 9TO A WAVE REA*+ ITS PEAK 9 #b#a1 :5 /RIKES TOOK PLACE 9 NE>LY EV]Y C\NTRY 9 ! WORLD1 & :I* OP5$ ! WAY = ! POLITICAL REVOLUTIONS & PROTE/ MOVEM5TS ON ! /REETS TO COME4 ,! LATT] ATTRACT$ MORE M$IA ATT5TION1 BUT )\T ! /RIKES 9 ! PHOSPHATE 9DU/RY 9 ,TUNISIA & ! MASS /RIKES 9 ! TEXTILE 9DU/RY 9 ,MAHALLA 9 ,EGYPT BETWE5 #bf & #b#h1 ! UPRIS+S 9 !SE C\NTRIES W\LD NOT HAVE TAK5 PLACE4 

,! WAVES ( PROTE/S #bf - #bac 

,! YE>S #bf TO #bac W]E *>ACT]IZ$ BY A WAVE ( MASS PROTE/S ON ! /REETS1 /RIKES & UPRIS+S ON AN UNPREC$5T$ SCALE4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! ,FRI$RI*-,EB]T-,/IFTUNG ,NEW ,YORK .<#a#f.>! WAVE IS ONLY COMP>ABLE TO ! REVOLUTION>Y UPHEAVALS ( #a#h#d#h1 #aiag OR #aifh - ! ?9K-TANK ANALYZ$ #hdc PROTE/ MOVEM5TS 9 TOTAL BETWE5 #bf & #b#a#c1 9 #hg C\NTRIES1 :I* COV] #i P] C5T ( ! WORLD POPULATION4 ,PROTE/S ( ALL K9DS1 AGA9/ SOCIAL 9JU/ICE1 AGA9/ W>1 = REAL DEMOCRACY1 AGA9/ CORRUPTION1 RIOTS AGA9/ FOOD PRICE HIKES1 /RIKES AGA9/ EMPLOY]S1 G5]AL /RIKES AGA9/ AU/]ITY4 7,LESS POSITIVE W]E E4G4 ! CL]ICAL MOBILIZATIONS AGA9/ ABORTIONS 9 ,POL&74 

,NOTEWOR?Y IS ! L>GE NUMB] ( PROTE/S TAK+ PLACE 9 'HI< 9COME' C\NTRIES & ! FACT ?AT #dh P] C5T ( VIOL5T PROTE/S TAKE PLACE 9 L[-9COME C\NTRIES2 9 MO/ CASES !Y T>GET HI< FOOD & 5]GY PRICES4 #di PROTE/S DEM&$ AGR>IAN RE=M1 #dhh W]E T>GET$ AGA9/ AU/]ITY POLICY & DEM&$ SOCIAL JU/ICE1 :ILE #cgf PROTE/S HAD 'REAL DEMOCRACY' AS !IR PROCLAIM$ AIMS4 ,MANY PROTE/S W]E EXPRESSIONS ( ! COMPLETE LOSS ( TRU/ 9 ',POLITICS'4 ,NEV]!LESS1 9 MO/ CASES ! PROTE/]S AIM$ !IR DEM&S AT ! /ATE3 ! RESPONSIBLE POLITICIANS W]E SUPPOS$ TO ACT4 ,(T5 ! =MS ( /RUGGLES W5T BEYOND TRADITIONAL DEMON/RAT+ OR /RIK+ & W]E ACT ( 'CIVIL DISOB$I5CE'1 SU* AS BLOCKADES & OCCUPATIONS4 ,9 P>TICUL> ! OCCUPATIONS ( PUBLIC SQU>ES & ! COMMON ORGANIZATION ( DAILY LIFE AS A =M ( /RUGGLE IMPACT$ ON ! 5TIRE ,M$IT]RANEAN REGION & ! ,U,S4 

,! COMP>ISON ) '#a#i#f#h' DISGUISES MORE ?AN IT IS ABLE TO CL>IFY3 #aifh /&S = A GLOBAL REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T1 BUT #aifh WAS NOT ! PEAK YE> ( /RIKES - ON ! CONTR>Y1 !SE BEGAN 9 ! E>LY #a#i#fS & ONLY REA*$ !IR PEAK 9 ! MID-_/5D-#a#i#gS4 

,! WAVE ( /RUGGLE S9CE #be HAS V]Y DIFF]5T FACETS3 

,FOOD ,RIOTS 

,S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS SPECULATIVE1 CAPITAL HAS FL$ T[>DS 'SECURE' ASSETS1 SU* AS RAW MAT]IALS1 /APLE FOOD & AGRICULTURAL L& & !REBY1 )9 A %ORT SPAN ( TIME1 HAS TRIGG]$ A MASSIVE HIKE ( BASIC FOOD PRICES2 !SE REA*$ HI/ORICAL HI<S FIR/ 9 ,DECEMB] #bg & !N AGA9 9 #b#a4 ,BETWE5 AUTUMN #bg & SUMM] #bh PROLET>IANS 9 L>GE P>TS ( ,AFRICA & ,*9A REACT$ ) /RIKES & UPRIS+S & =C$ !IR GOV]NM5TS OR EMPLOY]S TO CONT9UE SUBSIDIZ+ BASIC FOOD/UFFS4 

,! MOVEM5T ( ! SQU>ES 

,ON ! 'SQU>ES'1 REVOLUTION>Y GR\P+S & T5D5CIES W]E ACTIVE1 BUT AS A M9ORITY4 ,MO/ ( ! P>TICIPANTS W]E 'ACTIVE ON ! /REETS' = ! FIR/ TIME & DEMON/RAT$ CONSID]ABLE ABILITY TO SELF-ORGANIZE DAILY LIFE & REPRODUCTION - BUT !Y W]E NOT 'POLITICAL'4 ,! M$IA PICTURE ( !SE MOVEM5TS W]E L>GELY 9FLU5C$ BY ! SOCIAL MIDDLE-/RATA1 MAY BE BECAUSE J\RNALI/S >E BE/ AT COMMUNICAT+ ) PEOPLE FROM !IR [N SOCIAL BACKGR\ND4 ,& A MASS PROTE/ 9 ! CAPITAL IS MORE VISIBLE ?AN A /RIKE 9 ! PROV9CES4 ,DUE TO ?IS1 ! P>TICIPATION ( PROLET>IANS WAS L>GELY UND]E/IMAT$ AL?\< MANY ( !M TOOK P>T & F\<T ! COPS ON ! FRONT L9ES4 ,BUT !SE MOVEM5TS W]E1 9 MO/ CASES1 AIM$ AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T1 AGA9/ CORRUPTION & = 'REAL DEMOCRACY' & NOT = ! 'CAUSE ( ! WORK]S'4 .<#a#g.> ,! MOVEM5T SEEM$ TO HAVE A GLOBAL *>ACT] BUT REMA9$ TRAPP$ )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( !IR RESPECTIVE NATION /ATES4 ,MANY ( !SE MOVEM5TS HAD 'TWO S\LS'3 ON ONE SIDE1 POOR] PROLET>IANS & MIGRANTS :O HAD BECOME UNEMPLOY$1 ON ! O!R SIDE1 PREC>I\S ACADEMICS :O REG>D$ A WELL-PAID JOB AS A HUMAN RI<T4 ,! MIDDLE-/RATA W]E P>TICUL>LY AFFECT$ BY 9T]E/ POLICIES1 /ATE DEBTS & AU/]ITY MEASURES - SOME BECAME MORE RADICAL & ACT$4 ,AT TIMES !Y MANAG$ ! LEAP 9TO POLITICS & 9TO P>TICIPATION 9 P[] ?R\< ELECTIONS - LIKE ! ,PODEMOS 9 ,SPA94 

,GLOBAL /RIKE WAVE 

,9 ,WILDCAT NO4#i ,/EV5 ,COLATRELLA 9 HIS TEXT1 ',9 ,\R ,H&S IS ,PLAC$ A ,P[]'1 HI<LI<T$ ?AT ! /RUGGLES =M$ !MSELVES 9TO A GLOBAL /RIKE WAVE DUR+ ! LA/ ?IRD ( #b#a4 ,9 #ba /RIKES REA*$ A GEOGRAPHICAL & QUANTITATIVE SCOPE UNPREC$5T$ 9 HI/ORY4 ,HE ATTRIBUTES ?IS TO ! 5D ( NEOLIB]ALISM & ! RE-CON/ITUTION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,COLATRELLA ! EXPANSION ( 'TRADITIONAL /RIKES' CAN PROVIDE /RUGGLES ) P[] & DIRECTION & HELP TO OV]COME ! WEAKNESSES ( ! ',I,M,F RIOTS'4 

0,BUT ! %IFT+ ( PRODUCTION GLOBALLY DID NOT PRODUCE NEW WORK+ CLASSES1 .<444.> BUT RA!R ?IS GLOBAL %IFT+ CREAT$ NEW /RUCTURAL P[] = L>GE SECTORS ( WORK]S ?AT HAD R>ELY HAD SU* P[] EXCEPT P]HAPS AT ! /RICTLY NATIONAL LEVEL40 .<#a#h.> 

,WORK]S 9 ! TEXTILE1 %OE1 AUTOMOBILE OR O!R FACTORIES W]E N[ ABLE TO ATTACK ! WORLD ECONOMY BO? ON A NATIONAL & GLOBAL LEVEL4 ,CLOS] 9TEGRATION 9TO ! WORLD ECONOMY & ! SIMULTANE\S ATTACKS ON !IR LIV+ /&>DS ?R\< ! CAPITALI/ CRISIS HAS 9CREAS$ BO? !IR /RUCTURAL & ORGANIZATIONAL P[]4 ,! /RIKE WAVE IS P>T ( CLASS =MATION1 IT L9KS UP /RUGGLES & POLITICIZES ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ CAPITALI/ GLOBALIZATION4 ,WORK]S :O DEF5D !IR ECONOMIC 9T]E/S >E DIRECTLY CONFRONT$ ) POLITICAL P[]4 ,!IR /RUGGLES >E !RE=E POLITICAL4 

,COLATRELLA CONCEPTUALIZES ! GLOBAL /RIKE WAVE S9CE #bg AS '/RIKES AGA9/ GLOBAL GOV]NANCE'1 MEAN+1 AS A WORLDWIDE & SIMULTANE\S ACTION ( WORK]S 9 MANY C\NTRIES AGA9/ ! SAME 5EMY4 ,BUT SIMULTANEITY DOES NOT CREATE COMMONALITY AS SU* & A COMMON 5EMY DOES NOT NECESS>ILY CREATE L9KS AMONG ?OSE 9 /RUGGLE4 

,B,R,I,C,S1 ,M,9,T,S - ! HOTSPOTS ( ! /RIKE WAVE 

,FAC+ /AGNAT+ GR[? RATES 9 ! OLD CORE C\NTRIES1 CAPITAL'S HOPE FOCUS$ ON ! SO-CALL$ ,B,R,I,C,S /ATES 7,BRAZIL1 ,RUSSIA1 ,9DIA1 ,*9A1 ,S\? ,AFRICA - :]E #d P] C5T ( ! WORLD POPULATION RESIDES2 ! ABBREVIATION IS AN 9V5TION ( ! ,U,S 9VE/M5T BANK ,GOLDMAN-,SA*S 9 #b#a71 :I* 7AP>T FROM ,RUSSIA7 CONTA9 A Y\NG1 ASC5D+1 9DU/RIAL WORK=CE :O WANT TO CLAIM A BETT] LIFE4 ,BRAZIL'S /ATE PRESID5T PROMIS$ EV]YONE A PROMOTION 9TO ! 'MIDDLE CLASS'4 ,9ITIALLY IT SEEM$ ?AT ! ,B,R,I,C,S-/ATES W]E NOT AFFECT$ BY ! GLOBAL CRISIS & /ATE-CONTROLL$ ECONOMIES LIKE ,*9A SEEM$ 'IMMUNE' AGA9/ IT4 ,IDLE CAPITAL FLEW T[>DS !SE REGIONS1 ! GR[? RATES AT FIR/ CONT9U$ TO 9CREASE1 ?\< SL[] ?AN 9 ! PREC$+ YE>S4 ,BUT P>TICUL>LY 9 !SE '*AMPION$' C\NTRIES ( CAPITALISM1 WORK]S MANAG$ TO 5=CE CONSID]ABLE WAGE 9CREASES ?R\< H>D /RUGGLES4 

,!IR /RIKES HAVE MANY ?+S 9 COMMON3 !Y MO/LY HAPP5 9 ! C5TRAL SECTORS ( ! RESPECTIVE ECONOMY1 ! AFFECT$ COMPANIES OP]ATE ON A MULT9ATIONAL LEVEL1 9 !IR /RUGGLES WORK]S GET 9TO CONFRONTATION ) EXI/+ UNIONS1 !Y LOOK = ALT]NATIVE UNIONS OR MAKE USE ( !IR [N =MS ( ORGANIZATION4 ,9 MANY CASES ! /ATE ATTACKS ! /RIK]S VIOL5TLY1 AT ! SAME TIME WORK]S USE VIOL5CE AGA9/ MANAG]S OR /RIKE-BREAK]S4 .<#a#i.> 

,9 #bad !SE /RIKES CONT9U$1 AL?\< 9 ! CASE ( ,9DIA1 AGA9/ ! BACKGR\ND ( A MASSIVE DEVALUATION ( ! LOCAL CURR5CY & A DECREASE 9 SALES 9 ! AUTOMOBILE SECTOR4 ,S9CE #bac A LOT ( CAPITAL HAS BE5 )DRAWN FROM ! ,B,R,I,C,S /ATES & TRANSF]R$ TO ! SO-CALL$ ,M,9,T,S-/ATES ,MEXICO1 ,9DONESIA1 ,NIG]IA1 ,TURKEY & ,S\? ,KOREA - !SE /ATES1 AS WELL1 HAVE A L>GE & V]Y Y\NG POPULATION & AT LEA/ SOME ( !M HAVE BE5 SITES ( HUGE PROTE/ MOVEM5TS DUR+ REC5T YE>S4 ,9 ,JUNE #bac AN UPRIS+ TOOK PLACE 9 ,TURKEY 7',GEZI ,P>K PROTE/S'7 & 9 ,MAY #bae ! 5TIRE AUTOMOBILE SECTOR WAS %AK5 BY A /RIKE WAVE1 9 ! C\RSE ( :I* WORK]S *AS$ AWAY !IR OLD TRADE UNIONS4 

,9 ,IRAN1 #bad WAS ! YE> ) ! HI<E/ AM\NT ( 9DU/RIAL DISPUTES & WORK]S' PROTE/S4 ,! PEAK MOM5T WAS ! /RIKE ( #e1 WORK]S 9 ! IRON ORE M9ES ( ,BAF< :]E WORK]S MANAG$ TO /OP PRIVATIZATION4 ,!Y WALK$ \T = NE>LY #d DAYS UNTIL ! LA/ >RE/$ WORK] HAD BE5 RELEAS$ - IT WAS ! LONGE/ DISPUTE S9CE ! REVOLUTION 9 #a#i#g#i4 

,9 ! NEWLY 9DU/RIALIZ$ C\NTRIES1 WORK]S' MOVEM5TS EM]G$ ?AT >E NOTICEABLY SIMIL>1 DESPITE !IR CULTURALLY & POLITICALLY V]Y DIFF]5T RESPECTIVE SURR\ND+S - & !SE MOVEM5TS HAVE 5=C$ CONSID]ABLE WAGE GA9S )9 ! SPAN ( A FEW YE>S4 .<#b.> ,WORK]S MADE USE ( !IR POSITION 9 ! 9T]NATIONAL PRODUCTION *A9S E4G4 DUR+ ! ,HONDA /RIKE 9 ,*9A4 .<#b#a.> 

,9 MANY /RUGGLES EGALIT>IAN DEM&S W]E PUT =W>D TO ACT AGA9/ ! SEGM5TATION )9 ! WORK=CE1 :I* EMPLOY]S N[ADAYS TRY TO 5=CE 9 ALL COMPANIES >\ND ! WORLD ) A HI<] %>E ( SKILL$ WORK]S 7,EXAMPLES3 C> WORK]S 9 ,9DIA1 M9+ WORK]S 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA74 .<#b#b.> 

,WORK]S & /ATE 

,H[ DO WORK]S' /RUGGLES BECOME REVOLUTION>Y8 ,REVOLUTION EVADES D]IVATION FROM OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS4 ,IF 9 A SOCIETY *>ACT]IZ$ BY PATRI>*AL RELATIONS FEMALE WORK]S FI<T COLLECTIVELY = ! IMPROVEM5T ( !IR LIV+ & WORK+ CONDITIONS1 IF !Y TAKE RISKS 9 /RUGGLE1 CROSS B\ND>IES1 DISCOV] NEW POT5TIALS & WANT TO F9D \T MORE AB\T ! WORLD1 !N ?IS PROCESS IS PROBABLY 'REVOLUTION>Y'4 ,:AT K9D ( NOTION ( 'COMMUNISM' DO WORK]S HAVE 9 A C\NTRY :]E ! CAPITALI/S >E ORGANIZ$ )9 ! ,C,P8 ,!Y WILL HAVE TO DEVELOP SOME?+ NEW 9 /RUGGLE4 ,?IS WILL SURELY NOT ONLY />T FROM ! FACTORIES ALONE1 IT NE$S EXT]NAL IMPULSES E4G4 FROM Y\? MOVEM5TS ?AT PUT ANY- & EV]Y?+ 9TO QUE/ION4 

',GLOBAL WORK+ CLASS' IS A C\NT]-!SIS TO ! IDEA ( A 'NATIONAL WORK+ CLASS'4 ,IT ASSUMES ?AT ! CONDITIONS = AN 9TEGRATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS 9TO ! /ATE ?R\< A 7SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC7 LABOR MOVEM5T NO LONG] EXI/4 ,9 #ahdh WORK]S DID NOT YET HAVE A 'FA!RL&'1 A PROLET>IAN >TISAN DID NOT C>E :E!R HE WORK$ 9 ,COLOGNE1 ,P>IS OR ,BRUSSELS4 ,ONLY /ATE WELF>E POLICY & ! ORI5TATION ( ! WORK]S' P>TIES T[>DS 'FI<T+ ITSELF 9TO ! /ATE' HAVE TI$ ! WORK]S TO ! NATION4 ,S9CE #aifh A BROAD & LONG-T]M RE-ORI5TATION ( PROLET>IAN MOVEM5TS AWAY FROM ! /ATE - & FROM CONCEPTS ( ! /ATE - HAS TAK5 PLACE4 ,S9CE ! #a#i#hS ! DISMANTL+ ( WELF>E HAS CAUS$ A C]TA9 'ALI5ATION' ( L>GE P>TS ( SOCIETY FROM ! /ATE1 BUT = ! 'C5TRAL WORK+ CLASS' ! /ATE /ILL FUNCTIONS3 JU/ CONSID] ! MASSIVE /ATE 9T]V5TIONS S9CE #bh TO RESCUE ! AUTOMOBILE 9DU/RY 9 ,G]MANY1 ! ,U,S & 9 ,FRANCE4 ,= ! TRADITIONAL LEFT ! /ATE IS ! POLITICAL FIELD )9 :I* ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM CAN BE *ANG$1 OR RA!R1 ITS WOR/ CONSEQU5CES CAN BE 'REIGN$ 9'4 

,HI/ORICALLY CAPITAL WAS A GLOBAL RELATION1 M$IAT$ ?R\< ! WORLD M>KET1 RI<T FROM ITS BEG9N+4 ,BUT )\T ! /ATE & ! LAW 75=CEM5T7 & ! NATIONAL LABOR M>KETS1 CAPITAL W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 ABLE TO SURVIVE & TO DEVELOP4 ,! WELF>E /ATE GU>ANTEES C]TA9 SOCIAL SECURITIES ONLY = ITS [N POPULATION & !REBY TURNS PROLET>IANS 9TO 'CITIZ5S'4 ,BUT CAPITAL WAS ONLY ABLE TO DEVELOP BY ACCESS+ AN 9DU/RIAL RES]VE >MY 9 ! =M ( AGRICULTURAL LABOR]S1 PEASANTS1 UND]-EMPLOY$ PROLET>IANS 9 O!R C\NTRIES4 ,TODAY1 9 NE>LY ALL 9DU/RIAL NATIONS !RE >E MULT9ATIONAL WORK+ CLASSES )\T DEEP] TIES TO ! /ATE 9 :I* !Y LIVE - :ILE ! 'LOCAL' & 'NATURALIZ$' WORK]S & DESC5D+ MIDDLE-/RATA CL+ TO ! /ATE & WANT SPECIAL PROTECTION4 

,DUR+ ! LA/ #b YE>S ! CLASS 5EMY HAS DISMANTL$ /ATE /RUCTURES :]EV] !Y W]E NOT ABLE TO COPE ) CLASS /RUGGLE3 PRIVATE >MIES1 MAFIA & CIVIL W> RULE4 ,?IS DE/RUCTION ( SOCIAL SECURITY SY/EMS CAUS$ L>GE-SCALE FLI<T MOVEM5TS4 ,9 SU* ?REAT5+ SITUATIONS '/RONG /ATES' OR 'CONTROLL$ DEMOCRACIES' 7,RUSSIA1 ,*9A7 BECOME MORE ATTRACTIVE AS ISL&S ( /ABILITY4 ,:]E DOES ! WORK+ CLASS USE ! ABS5CE ( ! /ATE TO BUILD !IR [N /RUCTURES8 ,:AT'S ! SCORE ) A GLOBALIZATION FROM BEL[8 

,GLOBAL LE>N+ PROCESSES 

,TODAY IT IS POSSIBLE = WORK]S TO E/ABLI% DIRECT CONTACTS BETWE5 !MSELVES ACROSS1 EV5 F> DI/ANCES1 )\T HAV+ TO RELY ON M$IATORS4 ,?ANKS TO DIGITAL NETWORKS IT HAS BECOME MU* EASI]1 EV5 9 REMOTE >EAS1 TO KN[ :AT IS GO+ ON 9 ! WORLD COMP>$ TO ?REE1 F\R DECADES AGO4 ,/RUGGLES BECOME CONTAGI\S IF WORK]S 9 ONE COMPANY SEE ?AT O!R WORK]S TAKE A RISK & >E SUCCESSFUL - AS = EXAMPLE ! /RIKE 9 ! %OE FACTORIES ( ,YUE ,YU5 9 #bad 9 :I* #d1 WORK]S TOOK P>T4 ,9 #bae >\ND #i1 WORK]S ( ! SAME COMPANY WALK$ \T 9 ,VIETNAM1 :ILE SIMULTANE\SLY #f1 WORK]S AGA9 W5T ON /RIKE 9 ,*9A4 ,S9CE ! #bad DISPUTE H>DLY A MON? HAS PASS$ 9 ,*9A )\T AT LEA/ ONE %OE FACTORY BE+ AFFECT$ BY WORK]S' 9DU/RIAL ACTIONS4 ,WORK]S NOTICE !IR RESPECTIVE /RUGGLES1 ALSO ACROSS NATIONAL BORD]S - EV5 )\T VISIBLE ORGANIZATIONAL CONTACTS4 ,WORK]S ( DIFF]5T FACTORIES REPORT ON CONDITIONS & DISCUSS !M E4G4 ON 9T]NET =UMS4 

,MIGRANTS 

,! MO/ OBVI\S L9KS BETWE5 ! PROLET>IANS ( ALL C\NTRIES >E MIGRANTS4 ,!RE W]E HI/ORICAL MOM5TS :5 MASSES ( MILITANT WORK]S LEFT !IR RESPECTIVE C\NTRIES TO AVOID REPRESSION - LIKE ,SPA9 & ,GREECE 9 ! #a#i#gS OR ,TURKEY 9 ! #a#i#hS - & BR\<T ) !M !IR EXP]I5CES ( /RUGGLE & ( H[ TO ORGANIZE4 ,9 ! /RUGGLES 9 ! FACTORIES 9 ,G]MANY !Y (T5 BECAME ! VANGU>D4 ,ANO!R EXAMPLE IS ! MIGRANTS FROM ,MEXICO1 :O LEFT TO F9D WORK 9 AGRICULTURE 9 ! ,U,S & :O ORGANIZ$ /RIKES !RE4 7,NOT ALL LABOR MIGRANTS >E OR REMA9 PROLET>IANS - SELF-EMPLOYM5T IS (T5 ! ONLY WAY \T ( MIS]Y & ! NETWORK ( FELL[ C\NTRY7WO7M5 ! ORGANIZATION ( *OICE4 ,MIGRANTS (T5 BELONG TO ?OSE GR\PS ( PEOPLE :O WANT TO PROGRESS & GET ON 9 LIFE COME :AT MAY & >E ABLE TO MOBILIZE A RES]VOIR ( BADLY PAID LABOR FROM )9 !IR COMMUNITIES = ?IS AIM4 ,!RE=E SU* NETWORKS >E H>DLY ( USE AS AN ORGANIZATIONAL F\NDATION 9 CLASS /RUGGLE47 

0,! PROLET>IAT ?US SEEMS TO DISAPPE> AT ! V]Y MOM5T :5 ! PROLET>IAN CONDITION BECOMES G5]ALIZ$40 7,SAMIR ,AM97 

,= F\R DECADES ! SPE$ ( CLASS MOVEM5TS WAS NOT ABLE TO MAT* ! SPE$ ) :I* CAPITAL ROAM$ ! GLOBE 9 SE>* = VALORISABLE LABOR P[]4 ,N[ ?IS SITUATION HAS TURN$ >\ND4 ,WORK]S 9 ,EGYPT1 ,*9A1 ,BANGLADE%1 ,MEXICO1 ,S\? ,AFRICA ETC4 MAKE USE ( ! NEW TE*NICAL POSSIBILITIES = !IR [N 9T]E/S2 !IR /RUGGLES QUICKLY ATTRACT A GLOBAL AUDI5CE4 ,= ! FIR/ TIME A GLOBAL WORK+ CLASS EM]GES1 :I* HAS ! ABILITY TO ORGANIZE GLOBAL PRODUCTION & REPRODUCTION - & CAN !RE=E TRANS=M ?IS WORLD4 ,9 ! GLOBAL NOR? ?IS 'NEW CONDITION' IS MORE DIFFICULT TO DETECT BECAUSE S9CE ! #a#i#hS CAPITAL HAS US$ ! ?REAT ( RELOCATION TO BLACKMAIL PEOPLE4 7,:ILE AT ! SAME TIME A SMALL P>T ( ! WORK+ CLASS - 'M$IUM /RATA' - WAS ABLE TO MAKE MONEY FROM F9ANCIALISATION & SPECULATION AT LEA/ TEMPOR>ILY1 SOMETIMES MORE ?AN ?R\< WORK47 

,! ROLE ( ! LEFT 

,:AT ROLE CAN LEFT ACTIVI/S OR LEFT-W+ ACADEMICS PLAY8 ,S9CE ! BIG /RIKE WAVE 9 #b#a1 LEFT-LEAN+ SOCIAL SCI5CE >\ND ! GLOBE HAS R$ISCOV]$ ! WORK+ CLASS & RESE>*ES !IR MOVEM5TS4 ,BUT EV5 IF SOCIOLOGI/S 9T]VIEW 9DIVIDUAL WORK]S !Y T5D TO BECOME FRU/RAT$1 BECAUSE !SE PEOPLE ONLY ?9K AB\T !MSELVES & !IR FAMILIES4 ,>E !Y 0A DIFF]5T TYPE ( HUMAN SPECIES0 ONCE !Y >E AT WORK OR :5 !Y /RUGGLE TOGE!R8 ,E4,P4 ,?OMPSON WROTE 9 #aifc ?AT IF Y\ /OP SOCIAL HI/ORY AT ANY GIV5 MOM5T Y\ WILL F9D ONLY 9DIVIDUALS4 ',CLASS'1 9 CONTRA/1 DEF9ES PEOPLE :O LIVE !IR [N HI/ORY - !RE=E A SUFFICI5TLY LONG P]IOD ( HI/ORY HAS TO BE ANALYZ$4 ',! ,MAK+ (444' IS A DEVELOPM5T )9 POLITICAL & CULTURAL HI/ORY AT ! SAME TIME AS )9 ECONOMIC HI/ORY4 0,! WORK+ CLASS MADE ITSELF AS MU* AS IT WAS MADE40 .<#b#c.> 

,& :Y %\LD WORK]S TELL SOCIAL SCI5TI/S ANY?+ AT ALL8 

,9 ',JUNGE ,WELT'1 .<#b#d.> ! ,HUNG>IAN PHILOSOPH] ,GASP> ,MIKLOS ,TAMAS REC5TLY SAID ?AT = ! FIR/ TIME 9 HI/ORY WE FACE ! GROTESQUE SITUATION ( A ,M>XI/ 9TELLIG5TSIA )\T A ,M>XI/ MOVEM5T4 ,?IS BR+S ) IT TWO DANG]S3 ON ONE SIDE1 ! DANG] ( VANGU>DISM ?AT SPEAKS 9 ! NAME ( A PASSIVE PROLET>IAT - A PROLET>IAT1 H[EV]1 ?AT DOES NOT KN[ IT IS BE+ SPOK5 = & :I* DOES NOT %>E ! VANGU>D'S VALUES ?AT TELL ! PROLET>IAT :AT IT IS SUPPOS$ TO FEEL1 ?9K & DO4 ,MA9LY SMALL RADICAL LEFT GR\PS FACE ?IS DANG]4 ,! O!R DANG] IS ?AT ! RADICAL LEFT FUZES ) ! G5]AL1 DEMOCRATIC1 ANTI-FASCI/ & EGALIT>IAN MOVEM5T - :I* W\LD CAUSE ! ,M>XI/ CRITIQUE TO DISAPPE>4 

,BO? !SE T5D5CIES EXI/ 9 RELATION TO ! NEW CLASS /RUGGLES4 ,SOME WANT TO F\ND A 'NEW ,9T]NATIONAL' AS E>LY AS N[ - :ILE !RE >E SO MANY ( !M ALREADY6 ,O!RS REFUSE TO CRITICIZE ! WORK+ CLASS & ONLY WANT TO SUPPORT WORK]S 9 !IR /RUGGLES4 ,!Y WANT TO MAKE USE ( DEC5TRALIZ$ NETWORKS ORGANIZ$ BY ,N,G,OS OR !Y MAKE A BEEL9E = ! UNIONS4 ,9T]NATIONAL CONF]5CES DEAL ) ! QUE/ION ( H[ WORK]S CAN GET 9 T\* ON A GLOBAL LEVEL4 ,9 ADDITION !RE IS /ILL ! TRADITIONAL 'WORK]S' 9T]NATIONALISM' ?AT IS ORGANIZ$ 9 C5TRALI/IC & HI]>*ICAL WAYS ) LITTLE OP5 DEBATE4 ,AT 9T]NATIONAL CONF]5CES DELEGATES PRET5D ?AT EV]Y:]E1 MANUAL OR (FICE WORK]S ) LIFE-LONG EMPLOYM5T 9 ONE COMPANY /ILL EXI/1 :OSE TRADE UNION OR WORK]S' P>TY /ILL OBTA9 A %>E ( ! GR[+ WEAL? = !M4 .<#b#e.> 

,BUT !RE >E ALSO EF=TS BY LEFT ACTIVI/S :O >E CRITICAL ( ! TRADE UNIONS TO ORGANIZE CONTACTS BETWE5 DIFF]5T LOCATIONS ( MULT9ATIONAL CORPORATIONS - ?\< IT IS V]Y DIFFICULT TO GO BEYOND MUTUAL VISITS & TO ACTUALLY /RUGGLE TOGE!R OR ORGANIZE SOLID>ITY /RIKES4 

,OV] ! LA/ FIVE YE>S A DIFF]5T P>T ( ! RADICAL LEFT ?AT WANTS TO ABOLI% ! /ATE PLAC$ !IR HOPE 9 UPRIS+S4 ,! 'MOVEM5T ( SQU>ES' 9 #baa OV]TOOK ! DEBATE AB\T ! 'COM+ 9SURRECTION'4 ,BUT ,GREECE 9 #b#h1 ,9DIGNADOS1 ,GEZI ,P>K1 ,/UTTG>T#b#a1 ,HONG ,KONG ETC4 W]E ALL MOVEM5TS ) HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( P>TICIPANTS - BUT :I*1 9 ! 5D1 W]E NOT ABLE TO 5=CE ANY?+6 ,!SE MOVEM5TS MADE VISIBLE ! POT5TIALS ?AT SIMULTANE\S UPRIS+S ON A GLOBAL SCALE HAVE - BUT ALSO BRUTALLY DEMON/RAT$ !IR LIMITATIONS3 FROM ! COMMUNE ( ,TAHRIR TO ! MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP4 ,! MANY MOVEM5TS S9CE ,SEATTLE1 ! MASS UPRIS+S 9 ,>G5T9A 9 #ba & LA/LY ,OCCUPY ,WALL ,/4 ETC41 HAVE %[N ) ! UTMO/ CL>ITY ?AT AN OV]TURN+ ( ! EXI/+ SOCIAL ORD] IS ONLY POSSIBLE ONCE WORK]S TAKE P>T 9 ! UPRIS+ AS WORK]S4 ,IT IS NOT 5\< ?AT !Y TAKE P>T 9 DEMON/RATIONS1 BUT DON'T GO ON /RIKE4 ,9 CAPITALISM1 /RIKE IS ! ULTIMATE WEAPON1 :]E REAL P[] DEVELOPS & COLLECTIVE SUBJECTS =M !MSELVES4 

,EV5 ! ,9VISIBLE ,COMMITTEE1 :I* UP TO N[ DIDN'T C>E MU* = WORK]S1 />T$ TO APPROA* !M 7AT LEA/ V]BALLY7 .<#b#f.> - ?IS IS AN 9T]E/+ DEVELOPM5T3 BECAUSE :OEV] WANTS TO ABOLI% ! /ATE1 :OEV] WANTS REVOLUTION WON'T BE ABLE TO DO IT )\T ! WORK]S6 ,PROLET>IANS >E ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION & !IR /RUGGLES PU% ?+S =W>D4 ,NEV]!LESS MO/ LEFTI/S /ILL DON'T CRITICALLY ANALYZE ! /RUGGLES ?AT >E ACTUALLY TAK+ PLACE1 BUT 9 AN IMM$IATE REFLEX RAISE ! QUE/ION ( 'CLASS CONSCI\SNESS' 9/EAD4 ,!Y IMAG9E A PROLET>IAT ORGANIZ$ 9 A P>TY & UNION1 :I* HAS NOT EXI/$ 9 SU* A WAY S9CE ! #a#i#eS4 0,:AT ELSE DO WE EXPECT80 AN >TICLE 9 ,WILDCAT-,ZIRKUL> NO4#f#e ASK$ POLEMICALLY4 0,! EM]G5CE ( PROLET>IAN WORLD ORGANIZATIONS8 ,SOLID>ITY /RIKES8 ,COPYCATS8 ,A WORLDWIDE POLITICAL MOVEM5T8 ,! NEW & 9T]E/+ PH5OM5A REG>D+ WORLD REVOLUTION IS ! V]Y FACT ?AT NO ONE HAS GOT P>AMET]S1 CRIT]IA OR EV5 ANSW]S TO TACKLE ?AT QUE/ION4 ,CRIT]IA C\LD BE :E!R COMMONALITIES DEVELOP DUR+ DIFF]5T /RUGGLES - & UP TO N[ ?IS DOES NOT SEEM TO BE ! CASE4 ,WORK]S /RUGGLE1 BUT !Y DON'T /RUGGLE TOGE!R444 ,RA!R ! OPPOSITE IS TRUE3 !Y JU/ FI<T = !MSELVES & ONLY RELY ON !IR [N /R5G?4 ,!Y DON'T EV5 WAIT = !IR COLLEAGUES 9 ! NEI<BOR+ COMPANY40 .<#b#g.> 

,WORK]S IGNORE OLD ORGANIZATIONS & P>TIES2 NEW ONES >E NOT YET VISIBLE4 ,!RE ISN'T ANY IDEA ( A NEW SOCIETY YET1 :I* TAKES HOLD ( ! MASSES4 ,9 ! /RUGGLES !MSELVES WE CAN SEE SOME NEW DEVELOPM5TS ?\<4 ,9 ,ASIA & BEYOND WORK]S HAVE PROV5 EXTRAORD9>Y CAPABILITIES TO ORGANIZE !IR /RUGGLES & COORD9ATE !M BEYOND ! B\ND>IES ( !IR RESPECTIVE REGIONS4 ,!Y HAVE UND]/OOD ?AT !Y CAN ONLY W9 COLLECTIVELY4 ,!Y RAISE EGALIT>IAN DEM&S AGA9/ ! DIVISIONS ?AT CAPITAL 9TRODUC$4 ,!Y DON'T LET UNIONS HOLD !M BACK1 :O WANT TO CONTROL !M4 ,!Y DON'T %Y AWAY FROM H>D CONFRONTATIONS4 ,!Y ADDRESS & CREATE PROBLEMS = :I* ! SY/EM HAS NO SOLUTIONS4 

,9 !IR /RUGGLES !Y GET 9TO CONFLICT ) A SOCIAL SY/EM1 :I* HASN'T GOT ANY?+ TO (F] ! L>GE MAJORITY AP>T FROM AU/]ITY POLITICS - A SY/EM1 :I* IS NO LONG] ABLE TO TRANS=M ! /RUGGLES 9TO 'DEVELOPM5T'4 ,A SOCIAL SY/EM ?AT /E]S T[>DS ITS NEXT CRA%1 UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ITS 'LA/ SUP]P[]'1 :I* FI<TS AGA9/ ITS ECONOMIC & POLITICAL DEMISE BY ALL MEANS NECESS>Y4 ,! /RONGE/ MILIT>Y P[] 9 ! WORLD IS NO LONG] ABLE TO W9 W>S1 NOT TO M5TION TO CREATE NEW /ABLE /ATES1 BUT CAN ONLY DE/ROY4 ,BY DO+ ?IS IT WILL FUR!R UND]M9E ! LEGITIMACY ( ?IS WORLD ORD] & MOBILIZE MORE & MORE PEOPLE AGA9/ ITSELF4 

,:O WILL %APE ! COM+ SOCIAL CONFRONTATIONS8 ,! GLOBAL MIDDLE CLASSES :O FOLL[ NATIONALI/ MOBILIZATIONS \T ( FE> ( LOS+ !IR SOCIAL ACQUIS8 ,OR ! GLOBAL PROLET>IAT1 ON :OSE LABOR !IR WEAL? & P[] DEP5DS8 ,! COLLECTIVE 9TELLIG5CE ( ! REBELLI\S PROLET>IAT IS SUP]IOR TO ! N>R[-M9D$ EXP]TS ( ! 9/ITUTIONS2 !IR ABILITY TO ORGANIZE PRODUCTION & TO SELF-ORGANIZE CAN GU>ANTEE ! SUPPLY ( NECESS>Y GOODS & S]VICES = ! PEOPLE - ! V>I\S MOVEM5TS ( ! SQU>ES & AGA9/ BIG 9FRA/RUCTURE PROJECTS HAVE PROV5 ?IS4 ,!Y >E ! ONLY =CE ?AT CAN OPPOSE ! DE/RUCTIVE POT5CY ( CAPITAL4 

,9 ,WILDCAT WE HAVE (T5 VOIC$ ! HOPE ( AN '5C\NT] ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T & SOCIAL MOVEM5T' - 9 ORD] TO DEF9E ! ROLE ( ! SOCIAL-REVOLUTION>Y LEFT4 ,AS IF IT WAS JU/ AB\T AN ADDITION ( =CES1 :I* DOES NOT HAVE TO HURT ANYONE4 ,A 'SIDE-BY-SIDE' ON ! 'SQU>ES'1 UND] CONDITIONS ( MUTUAL 9DIFF]5CE4 ,?IS WON'T CUT IT 9 FUTURE - IF WE WANT TO GET ?+S MOV+4 

,A NEW REVOLUTION>Y SUBJECT WON'T JU/ BE AN \TCOME ( 'HOMOG5IZATION' 7EV5 LESS ( AN 'ALLIANCE6'71 BUT RA!R ( PROCESSES ( POL>IZATION - & DIVISIONS )9 ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,! POLITICAL DISCUSSION & PRACTICE ( ! LEFT WILL HAVE TO COME TO T]MS ) ?IS4 

,FOOTNOTES3 

.<#a.> 0,VOM ,KLASS5KAMPF ZUR 'SOZIAL5 ,FRAGE'0 .<0,FROM CLASS /RUGGLE TO ! 'SOCIAL QUE/ION'0.>1 ,WILDCAT ,ZIRKUL> #d_/#d#a 

.<#b.> 0,VOM S*WI]IG5 ,V]SU*1 DIE KAPITALI/IS*E ,KRISE ZU BEMEI/]N0 .<0,ON ! DIFFICULT EF=T TO DEAL ) ! CAPITALI/ CRISIS0.>1 ,WILDCAT ,ZIRKUL> NO4#e#f_/#e#g1 ,MAY #b 

.<#c.> 0,NOTE3 ,!RE IS NO SIMPLE TRANSLATION = ! ,G]MAN WORD 0,UMWALZUNG04 ,IT MEANS TRANSITION1 TRANS=MATION1 TURN+ UPSIDE D[N1 9 SOME CIRCUM/ANCES CIRCULATION - 9 FACT3 RADICAL *ANGE40 

.<#d.> 0,VOLL-,5DUNG03 9S9UATES 'COMPLETION' & '5D' 

.<#e.> 0,GLOBALIZE IT601 PREFACE TO ,WILDCAT-,ZIRKUL> #c#h1 ,JULY #aiig 

.<#f.> 0,ASI5 UND WIR0 .<,ASIA & US0.>1 ,WILDCAT-,ZIRKUL> NO4 #c#i1 ,AUGU/ #aiig 

.<#g.> 0,OP5 LETT] TO ,JOHN ,HOLL[AY01 ,WILDCAT-,ZIRKUL> NO4#c#i1 ,AUGU/ #aiig HTTP3_/_/WWW4WILDCAT-WWW4DE_/5_/ZIRKUL>_/#c#i_/Z#c#iE.-HOL4HTM 

.<#h.> 0,DIE NEU5 ,>BEITSV]HAELTNISSE UND DIE ,P]SPEKTIVE D] ,L9K50 .<0,! NEW WORK RELATIONS & ! P]SPECTIVE ( ! LEFT0.>1 ,WILDCAT-,ZIRKUL> #d#b_/#d#c1 ,M>* #aiih 

.<#i.> 0,*IAPAS UND DIE GLOBALE ,PROLET>ISI]UNG0 .<0,*IAPAS & ! GLOBAL PROLET>IANIZATION0.>1 ,WILDCAT-,ZIRKUL> NO4#d#e1 ,JUNE #aiih 

.<#a.> 0,HI/ORICAL ,CAPITALISM01 ,IMMANUEL ,WALL]/E91 #aihc 

.<#a#a.> 0,=CES ( ,LABOR - ,WORK]S' MOVEM5TS & GLOBALIZATION S9CE #a#h#g01 ,BEV]LY ,SILV]1 #bc HTTPS3_/_/LIBCOM4ORG_/FILES_/,BEV]LY.-,J4.-,SILV]-,=CES.-(.-,LABOR.-.-,WORK]S'.-,MOVEM5TS.-&.-,GLOBALIZATION.-,S9CE.-#a#h#g.-7,CAMBRIDGE.-,/UDIES.-9.-,COMP>ATIVE.-,POLITICS7.-.--,CAMBRIDGE.-,UNIV]SITY.-,PRESS7#b#c74PDF 

.<#a#b.> ,PET] ,DICK51 ',GLOBAL ,%IFT1 ,MAPP+ ! *ANG+ CONT\RS ( ! WORLD ECONOMY'4 #f? $ITION4 #baa 

.<#a#c.> ,GO]AN ,!RBORN1 ',CLASS 9 ! #b#a/ ,C5TURY'1 ,N,L,R #g#h1 #bab 

.<#a#d.> ',BEYOND ! PEASANT 9T]NATIONAL'1 ,WILDCAT NO4#h#b1 ,AUTUMN #bh HTTP3_/_/WWW4WILDCAT-WWW4DE_/5_/WILDCAT_/#h#b_/W#h#b.-BAU]N.-54HTML 

.<#a#e.> ,SAMIR ,AM91 ',! IMPLOSION ( CONTEMPOR>Y CAPITALISM'1 ,NEW ,YORK #bac 

.<#a#f.> ,ISABEL ,ORTIZ1 ,S>A ,BURKE1 ,MOHAM$ ,B]RADA1 ,H]NAN ,CORTES1 ',WORLD ,PROTE/S #bf - #b#a#c'1 ,F,E,S ,NEW ,YORK ,(FICE #bac 

.<#a#g.> ,COMP>E ! >TICLE ON ,HONG ,KONG BY ,M\VEM5T ,COMMUNI/E3 HTTP3_/_/M\VEM5T-COMMUNI/E4COM_/DOCUM5TS_/,M,C_/,LETT]S_/,L,T,M,C#a#d#c#i.0#b,5V,G4PDF 

.<#a#h.> ,WILDCAT NO4#i1 SUMM] #baa HTTP3_/_/WWW4WILDCAT-WWW4DE_/5_/WILDCAT_/#i_/W#i.-9.-\R.-H&S.-54HTM 

.<#a#i.> ,JO]G ,N[AK1 ',FRUEHL+ D] GLOBAL5 ,>BEIT]KLASSE4 ,NEUE ,/REIKWELLE 9 D5 ,B,R,I,C,S-,/AAT51 #bad ',MASS5/REIKS UND ,/RASS5PROTE/E 9 ,9DI5 UND ,BRASILI5'1 ,P]IPH]IE #a#c#g1 #bae ',MASS5/REIKS 9 D] GLOBAL5 ,KRISE'1 ,/&PUNKTE #a_/#b#a#e1 ONL9E AUF ROSALUX4DE ,TOR/5 ,BEW]NITZ1 ',GLOBALE ,KRISE - GLOBALE ,/REIKWELLE8 ,ZWIS*5 D5 OEKONOMIS*5 UND DEMOKRATIS*5 POLITIS*5 ,PROTE/5 H]RS*T KE9E ZUFAELLIGE ,GLEI*ZEITIGKEIT'4 ,PROKLA #a#g#g1 #a#b_/#b#a#d ,DORO!A ,S*MIDT1 ',MY!N UND ,]FAHRUNG53DIE ,E9HEIT D] DEUTS*5 ,>BEIT]KLASSE UM #a#i4 ,PROKLA #a#g#e1 #f_/#b#a#d 

.<#b.> ,BEV]LY ,SILV] SEES H] !SIS V]IFI$ BY ! /RUGGLE WAVES 9 #b#a3 ! RELOCATION ( CAPITAL T[>DS ,*9A HAS CREAT$ A NEW & GR[+ COMBATIVE WORK+ CLASS4 ,%E /ILL ?9KS 9 CATEGORIES ( P5DULUM MOVEM5TS3 ,MAK+ - UNMAK+ - REMAK+ ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 & CURR5TLY ! P5DULUM IS SW++ BACK4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,SILV] ?IS TIME 9 HI/ORY IT IS NEI!R POSSIBLE1 NOR DESIRABLE1 TO RESPOND TO !SE /RUGGLES 9 =M ( ,KEYNESIAN SOCIAL P>TN]%IP4 ,BEV]LY ,SILV]1 ',!ORIZ+ ! WORK+ CLASS 9 TW5TY-FIR/-C5TURY GLOBAL CAPITALISM'1 93 ,WORK]S & LABOR 9 A GLOBALIZ$ CAPITALISM 7,PALGRAVE ,MACMILLAN72 $IT$ BY ,MAURIZIO ,ATZ5I 7#b#a#d7 HTTP3_/_/KRIEG]4JHU4$U_/>RI<I_/RESE>*_/SOCIALPROTE/_/ 

.<#b#a.> ,SEE >TICLE ON ,*9A 9 ?IS ISSUE ( ,WILDCAT .<NO ,5GLI% TRANSLATION AVAILABLE.> 

.<#b#b.> ,9 ,G]MANY ONLY WORK]S AT ,DAIML] 9 ,BREM5 HAVE TRI$ TO RESPOND TO MANAGEM5T PLANS ( \TS\RC+ WORK TO 'S]VICE PROVID]S' BY GO+ ON WILDCAT /RIKE1 BUT !Y W]E NOT ABLE TO PUT A HALT TO ! S*EME 

.<#b#c.> ,E4,P4 ,?OMPSON1 ,! MAK+ ( ! ,5GLI% WORK+-CLASS1 #aifc 

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