,*APT] #e 
,HAKIM ,BEY3 ,CAPITALISM1 ! ,/ATE1 & ! ,SPECTACLE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,&Y ,MC,LAV]TY-,ROB9SON 

,TEXT 3 

,HAKIM ,BEY3 ,CAPITALISM1 ! ,/ATE1 & ! ,SPECTACLE 

,9 ! PREVI\S ESSAY1 ,I EXAM9$ ,HAKIM ,BEY'S !ORIES ( ALI5ATION & ! /ATE4 ,COMPLET+ ! EXAM9ATION ( ,BEY'S ANALYSIS ( ! DOM9ANT SY/EM1 ?IS FIF? ( SIXTE5 COLUMNS EXAM9ES ,BEY'S !ORY ( CAPITALISM4 ,IT %[S H[ ,BEY SITUATES CAPITALISM AS A TRANCE-LIKE MANIPULATION ( DESIRE1 & AS A PROCESS ( ALI5ATION FROM ! BODY CULM9AT+ 9 A FLI<T TO ! E!R4 ,IT ALSO EXAM9ES ,BEY'S CRITIQUE ( 'COP CULTURE' & HIS COMM5TS ON ,AM]ICAN GLOBAL HEGEMONY1 & PROVIDES AN ANALYSIS ( ,BEY'S VIEW ( ! DOM9ANT SY/EM4 

,CAPITAL & ,CAPITALISM 

,BEY ALSO ANALYZES CAPITAL AS A MA*9E = ! PRODUCTION ( SC>CITY & ! DE/RUCTION ( 9T5SITY4 ,CAPITALISM SEEKS1 NOT TO SATISFY DESIRE1 BUT TO EXAC]BATE LONG+ ?R\< UTOPIAN TRACES4 ,?IS IDEA - :I* ,BEY ATTRIBUTES TO ,B5JAM9 - PLAYS ON ! IDEA ?AT COMMODITIES >E ADV]TIS$ 9 T]MS ( FUTURE PROMISES4 ,! COMMODITY WILL PROVIDE 5JOYM5T OR VALIDITY OR REALITY1 OR VALIDATE ONE'S EXP]I5CES4 ,CAPITAL NE$S ! PROMISE ( SU* FUTURE B5EFITS TO SELL PRODUCTS4 ,YET IT ALSO NE$S TO AVOID ACTUALLY DELIV]+ ON !SE PROMISES4 ,IF IT DELIV]$1 !N !RE W\LD BE NO NE$ TO BUY FUR!R PRODUCTS4 

,H5CE1 CAPITALISM CON/ANTLY REPRODUCES SC>CITY TO /IMULATE DEM&4 ,?IS R5D]S >T ?REAT5+ TO CAPITALISM4 ,>T1 OR CREATIVITY1 IS BAS$ ON ! GE/URE ( RECIPROCITY1 OR PRES5CE4 ,EV]YONE IS AN >TI/1 9 ! S5SE ( CO-CREATION ?R\< LIV$ EXP]I5CE1 PLAY1 & MEAN+4 ,BUT CAPITALISM 9T]V5ES TO M$IATE BETWE5 PEOPLE4 ,IT 9T]RUPTS RECIPROCITY & 9TRODUCES SC>CITY & SEP>ATION4 ,CAPITALISM IS VAMPIRIC4 ,IT RELIES ON CONSUM+ O!RS' CREATIVITY4 ,IT LIB]ATES ITSELF BY 5SLAV+ DESIRE4 ,MU* ( :AT ! SY/EM (F]S HAS NO REAL USE - IT IS 'SNAKE OIL' - BUT IT WORKS BECAUSE IT HAS A PLACEBO EFFECT4 

,CAPITALISM /EMS FROM ! 9V5TION ( SC>CITY AS AN EXI/5TIAL CONDITION4 ,IT IS DRIV5 BY A TOTALIT>IAN LOGIC ( ET]NAL GR[?4 ,IT CLAIMS ET]NITY1 & !RE=E AHI/ORICITY4 ,CAPITALISM CANNOT 0REALLY0 ESCAPE PRODUCTION4 ,BUT ! IDEOLOGY ( GLOBALIZ$ CAPITALISM CREATES ! APPE>ANCE ( ESCAP+ PRODUCTION4 ,IT APPE>S TO BE PURE1 DISEMBODI$ & EC/ATIC4 ,! TRIUMPH ( CAPITAL IS CONNECT$ TO ! TRIUMPH ( ! SCRE54 ,! SY/EM REPRES5TS ITSELF AS A /ATE ( ON5ESS1 & AS 9VULN]ABLE4 ,BUT ITS WEAKNESS IS %[N 9 ! FEEL+ ?AT IT IS 'NOT REFLECT$ 9 LIV$ EXP]I5CE' - 9 EXP]I5CES ( ALI5ATION1 EMPT9ESS & BOR$OM4 

,CONTEMPOR>Y CAPITALISM TAKES ?IS PROCESS TO NEW EXTREMES4 ,TODAY1 ! SY/EM IS EVOLV+ T[>DS RULE BY TE*NOCRATS OV] A MASS ( HOMOG5IZ$ BUT ATOMIZ$ CONSUM]S1 L9K$ ONLY BY ',COMM,TE*' & MUTUAL SURVEILLANCE4 ,! CURR5T SITUATION IS LIKE ! /ORY1 ,! ,SORC]]'S ,APPR5TICE - 9 :I* A JUNIOR WIZ>D USES MAGIC 9 :I* HE IS UNTRA9$1 CAUS+ DISA/]4 ,TODAY ?IS IS HAPP5+ ) TE*NOLOGY4 ,! CURR5T PHASE ( CAPITALISM 9VOLVES A K9D ( HI/ORICAL BLOCKAGE4 ,! WORLD HAS BASICALLY REMA9$ 9 - OR LOOP$ BACK TO - ! N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,AU?ORS AS E>LY AS ,F\RI]1 9 #a#g#i#i1 W]E ALREADY DISCUSS+ TODAY'S PROBLEMS4 ,H[EV]1 ! SY/EM CONCEALS SU* HI/ORY4 ,CAPITALISM IS BUILD+ AN '#h-LANE BYPASS OV] ! ,PA/'4 ,LIKE ! /ATE1 IT OP]ATES AT ! LEVEL ( IMAGES4 

,! CURR5T SITUATION IS NOT SO MU* PO/MOD]NI/ AS ANTI-MOD]NI/4 ,MOD]N 9SI<TS HAVE BE5 D5I$ & JETTISON$4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! ,FREUDIAN DISCOV]Y ( ! UNCONSCI\S HAS BE5 REJECT$4 ,IT IS D5I$ & SPREAD-\T ACROSS V>I\S =MS ( D[NM>KET M$IA4 ,ONE MI<T ADD ?AT ,M>XIAN 9SI<TS >E SIMIL>LY REJECT$ 9 NEO-CLASSICAL ECONOMICS1 & ?AT SOCIOLOGICAL KN[L$GE HAS BE5 DISPLAC$ BY POLICY DISC\RSE & 9DIVIDUALIZ$ EXPLANATIONS4 ,! DOM9ANT SY/EM IS TODAY DEF9$ BY ITS D5IAL OR W>D+-(F ( C]TA9 DIRECTIONS ( DEVELOPM5T ( KN[L$GE1 LEAV+ KN[L$GE AS A K9D ( ,LYS5KOITE %ELL4 

,MONEY MAY HAVE ORIG9ALLY APPE>$ AS A TYPE ( RELIGI\S1 SYMBOLIC P[]4 ,CO9S MI<T HAVE BE5 TEMPLE S\V5IRS DEEM$ TO HAVE MANA OR NUM9\S VALUE1 :I* C\LD BE EX*ANG$ = REAL WEAL?4 ,ALT]NATIVELY1 IT MI<T HAVE FIR/ APPE>$ AS DEBT4 ,EI!R WAY1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT ITS BASIC GE/URE IS TO SEP>ATE WEAL? FROM ITS SYMBOL & RECOMB9E !M LAT]1 MAK+ ! SYMBOL TRADEABLE4 ,! RISE ( MONEY IS ALSO P>T ( ! RISE ( CUMULATIVE M$IATION4 ,:]EAS COMMODITY CURR5CIES 7SU* AS CATTLE OR B>LEY7 /ILL HAD P]SONAL USES1 MONEY IS 5TIRELY IMP]SONAL - A FLOAT+ SIGNIFI]4 

,H[EV]1 WRIT+ & MONEY >E NOT 5\< TO EXPLA9 ! RISE ( ALI5ATION4 ,MONEY EXI/$ = #d YE>S BE=E ! /ATE EM]G$4 ,! MAT]IAL WORLD T5DS TO RE/ORE EQUALITY4 ,IT RESI/S ACCUMULATION4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ! ,/ATE PROVIDES 'PROTECTION'1 :I* IS NOT A MAT]IAL RES\RCE4 ,BEY BELIEVES ?AT SYMBOLIC P[] IS C5TRAL H]E4 ,! ,/ATE CAN ONLY GA9 AN ADVANTAGE OV] DIFFUSE SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS :5 IT CAN PRES5T ITS P[] 9 SYMBOLIC T]MS4 

,CAPITAL OP]ATES AT ! LEVEL ( MAGIC1 OR 9T]PRETATION1 ! SAME LEVEL :]E ,BEY LOCATES RESI/ANCE4 ,! CAPITALI/ TYPE ( IMAG9ATION IS NEGATIVE1 R$UC+ EV]Y?+ TO DEBT & SUCK+ IT 9TO A BLACK HOLE4 ,DEBT MUTATES 9TO PEONAGE 7SLAV]Y7 AS JUBILEE 7DEBT WRITE-(F7 NEV] COMES4 ,AB/RACTIONS >E H&$ D[N FROM ONE G5]ATION TO ! NEXT4 ,NO?+ IS EXP]I5C$ DIRECTLY2 EV]Y?+ IS M$IAT$ BY MONEY4 ,CAPITAL SEEKS A MONOPOLY ON 9T]PRETATION4 ,IT CON/RUCTS A SPACE ( SUPPOS$ DIALOGUE :I* 9 FACT PRECLUDES ANY RESPONSE1 RESONANCE OR RESI/ANCE4 

,?IS IS SIMIL> TO ! IDEA ( =C$ COMMUNICATION )9 DOM9ANT T]MS4 ,:]EAS 9 TOTALIT>IAN SY/EMS1 ! REGIME C5SORS BY FIAT1 9 CAPITALI/ SY/EMS ! M>KET C5SORS ?R\< M>KET FAILURE4 ,TODAY1 CAPITAL SEEKS TO DETA* IMAGES FROM EXP]I5C$ LIFE 5TIRELY4 ,9 T\RISM1 EV5 ! REAL WORLD IS EXP]I5C$ AS AN IMAGE4 ,T\RI/S >E S$UC$ BY ! UTOPIAN TRACE ( DIFF]5CE1 BUT BE> ! VIRUS ( SAM5ESS 9TO LIV+ SPACES4 ,BEY LIK5S ?IS PROCESS TO ! 9DIG5\S IDEA ( S\L LOSS4 

,CAPITAL ,TODAY 

,9 ,MILL5NIUM1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT1 9 ! REC5T PA/ - UP TO ! #a#i#iS - IT WAS /ILL POSSIBLE TO SEE ! ,SPECTACLE OR ! ,PLANET>Y ,WORK ,MA*9E AS ! 5EMY4 ,IT WAS !N POSSIBLE TO RESI/ ?R\< EXODUS4 ,?IS WAS ! ANALYSIS UND]P9N+ ,T,A,Z - CREAT+ NUCLEI ( ALT]NATIVE =CES & US+ RESI/ANCE TO DEF5D !M4 ,TODAY1 9 CONTRA/1 CAPITALISM DOES NOT NE$ TO CONC$E SPACE TO SU* '?IRD =CES'4 ,IT HAS %$ ITS IDEOLOGICAL >MOR+ & 9ITIAT$ A FULL ONSLAU<T4 ,IT N[ TREATS ALL OPPON5TS DIRECTLY AS 5EMIES4 ,?IS MEANS WE >E LEFT ) A GLOBAL NEOLIB]ALISM & A SUP]P[] :I* DOESN'T EV5 OBEY ITS [N RULES4 

,BEY OPPOSES ! PO/MOD]N POSITION ?AT ALL B9>IES & CATEGORIES HAVE N[ DISSOLV$4 ,HE >GUES ?AT ONE CATEGORY - ! SY/EM - SURVIVES4 ,SURVIVAL 9 ?IS CONTEXT DEP5DS ON P]SI/5CE - ON DET]M9ATION TO REMA9 9 HI/ORY AFT] ITS DECL>$ 5D4 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT CAPITALISM IS TRIUMPHALI/ BECAUSE ( ! 5D ( ! ,COLD ,W>4 ,BUT HE >GUES ?AT IT IS ONLY ! W9N] BY DEFAULT - BECAUSE VIABLE ALT]NATIVES HAVE COLLAPS$ FIR/4 ,TODAY1 MONEY IS TURN+ 9TO A PHANTOMLIKE1 IMAG9>Y 5TITY \TSIDE ! WORLD4 ,! 5]GY ( LIFE REMA9S \TSIDE ! SY/EM4 

,9 ,ESCAPE FROM ! ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY1 ,BEY_/,WILSON >GUES ?AT ! 9CREAS+ AB/RACTION ( CAPITAL R5D]S IT 9CREAS+LY UNREAL & 9EFFECTIVE4 ,OV] #i.0 ( MONEY HAS ESCAP$ 9TO A K9D ( ',CYB],GNO/IC HEAV5 OR NUMISPH]E'4 ,?IS SPH]E HAS NO RELATION%IP TO PRODUCTION OR GOV]NM5T4 ,BEY IS H]E ALLUD+ TO ! EXPANSION ( F9ANCE CAPITAL1 :I* HAS GR[N \T ( PROPORTION TO PRODUCTIVE CAPITAL4 ,?IS IS SIMIL> TO ! ,M>XI/ IDEA ( FICTITI\S CAPITAL4 

,H[EV]1 ,BEY_/,WILSON BELIEVES IT ALSO HAS EXI/5TIAL OR SPIRITUAL SIGNIFICANCE4 ,CYB]-GNOSIS REALIZES ! ,5LI<T5M5T DREAM ( A UNIFI$ RATIONAL WORLD-CONSCI\SNESS4 ,IT HAS EXP&$ 9TO A FRAGILE MEMBRANE >\ND ! E>?1 A BUBBLE FILL$ ) HOT GASES4 ,IT HAS BECOME SELF-5CLOS$ & SELF-REF]5TIAL4 ,9 ANO!R PAP]1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT MONEY REF]R+ ONLY TO MORE MONEY 9 AN 5DLESS *A9 IS ! MO/ AB/RACT IDEA HUMANITY HAS EV] HAD4 

,9 ! POEM ,CREEPY ,S5SATION1 ,BEY SPECULATES ?AT WE >E BE+ WAT*$ BY FUTURE PEOPLE :O MI<T R$EEM \R LO/ S5SATIONS1 5VY+ \R S5SATIONS :I* !Y LACK1 & \R CLOS5ESS TO SPECIES EXT9CT 9 ! FUTURE4 ,SIMIL>LY1 9 ',ISLAM & ! ,9T]NET'1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT ! SPIRIT_/BODY SPLIT & ! HI]>*ICAL ORGANIZATION ( RELIGION REA*ES A CULM9ATION 9 CYB]SPACE - ! PR9CIPLE ( M9D SEP>AT$ FROM BODY4 

,! ,9T]NET WAS DESIGN$ TO RESI/ PHYSICAL DE/RUCTION1 SU* AS NUCLE> W>1 BY RAPIDLY TRANSC5D5TALIZ+ MATT]1 TRANSF]R+ IT BETWE5 SITES4 ,IT DOES NOT (F] IMMAN5CE1 BUT A FALSE TRANSC5D5CE BAS$ ON ! GNO/IC M9D-BODY SPLIT4 ,IT IS A K9D ( HEAV54 ,! CONFLICT OV] ! FUTURE ( ! ,9T]NET ?US SEEMS TO BE A 'W> 9 HEAV5'4 7,9 ,RIV]PEOPLE1 ,WILSON REV]SES ?IS & SUGGE/S ?AT MONEY HAS VIRTUALIZ$ ITSELF 9TO ,HELL74 ,!RE IS B>ELY EV5 A RUL+-CLASS1 FIR/LY BECAUSE ,C,E,OS >E REPLACEABLE FUNCTION>IES1 & SECONDLY BECAUSE ONLY A FEW HUNDR$ PEOPLE 'CONTROL' HALF ! MONEY4 ,ACTUALLY1 ,BEY BELIEVES ?AT NOBODY IS 9 CONTROL ANY MORE4 ,! RUL+ CLASS HAS LO/ CONTROL ( VIRTUAL CAPITAL4 

,CAPITALISM TODAY PRET5DS TO BE ! ONLY POSSIBLE WORLD4 ,= ,BEY1 ?IS 5TAILS A K9D ( CLOSURE ( REALITY4 ,?IS CLOSURE HAS CREAT$ A S5SE ( NUMBNESS & P[]LESSNESS4 ,IT ALSO LEADS TO 5NUI & ANOMIE1 AS WAYS ( COV]+-UP AN ANG] ) NO CLE> T>GET4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLY PESSIMI/IC TO ACTUALLY FEEL :AT IS HAPP5+ TODAY1 A 'TRAG$Y )\T CA?>SIS'4 ,! CURR5T WORLD IS M>K$ BY A NEW K9D ( PSY*OLOGICAL MALAISE4 

,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT ?IS MALAISE /EMS FROM A 'COGNITIVE COLLAPSE'4 ,?IS COLLAPSE IS FOCUS$ ON ! S+LE WORLD ( CAPITALI/ MONOCULTURE4 ,IT IS ! EFFECT ( A DEEP PSY*OLOGICAL CAPITULATION TO ?IS WORLD AS ! ONLY ALT]NATIVE AVAILABLE4 ,E*O+ ,BAUDRILL>D1 ,BEY >GUES ?AT ! RELATION%IP ( ALI5ATION1 ! 'MIRROR ( PRODUCTION'1 HAS BE5 REPLAC$ BY A 'V]TIGO ( T]ROR'4 

,?IS NEW PH5OM5ON REALIZES T5D5CIES 9H]5T 9 CAPITALISM4 ,9DE$1 MONEY HAS ALWAYS BE5 NO?+ BUT ABS5CE OR DEBT4 ,MO/ PEOPLE >E N[ 9 DEBT TO DE-REALIZ$ F9ANCE CAPITAL1 & EXCLUD$ FROM ! HEAV5 RES]V$ = ! V]Y FEW4 ,CAPITAL TAKES (F 9TO A TIMELESS FUTURE1 LEAV+ ! RE/ ( US /UCK1 RELIV+ ! PA/4 ,! /OCK M>KET SO>S1 BUT LEAVES ZONES ( DEPLETION EV]Y:]E4 ,SU* ZONES ( DEPLETION >E BO? REGIONS & GR\PS ( PEOPLE4 ,SU* ZONES ( DEPLETION >E NOT RESCU$ BY ! SY/EM BUT PUNI%$4 

,BEY SEES MONEY AS A RELIGI\S PH5OM5ON1 /RIV+ TO REMOVE ITSELF FROM ! WORLD ( BODIES TO ! WORLD ( SPIRIT4 ,CO9S W]E 9ITIALLY SE5 AS 'LIM9AL' OBJECTS1 EXI/+ AT ! 9T]SECTION ( ! MAT]IAL & SPIRITUAL WORLDS4 ,:]EAS NOMADS MOVE BETWE5 SPACES1 MONEY MOVES FROM TIME TO TIME1 OBLIT]AT+ SPACE4 ,IT IS BAS$ ON :AT ,BEY CALLS ! 'SEXUALITY ( ! DEAD' - A TYPE ( 9ORGANIC REPRODUCTION ?R\< CON/ANT SPLITT+4 

,IT ?US CAPTURES *AOS ( SORTS1 BUT A TYPE ( *AOS /RIPP$ ( LIFE4 ,IT CANNOT DEAL ) TRUE COMPLEXITY1 R$UC+ IT TO SAM5ESS4 ,TODAY1 ! ATTEMPT TO POSIT CAPITALISM AS ! ONLY EXI/+ WORLD TURNS MONEY 9TO ! ONE ,GOD4 ,CAPITAL 9CREAS+LY NE$S NO AU?ORITY EXCEPT MONEY4 ,IT HAS PLAC$ ITSELF BEYOND ! HUMAN - BEYOND CONS]VATISM AS MU* AS BEYOND LEFTISM4 

,TODAY 7OR AT LEA/ 9 ! #a#i#iS71 CAPITAL HAS GA9$ PRIMACY OV] ! /ATE4 ,ALL /ATES1 EV5 ! ,U,S1 >E SIMPLY TURN$ 9TO M]C5>IES ( CAPITAL4 ,ONE MI<T EXPECT A %[D[N BETWE5 CAPITALISM & ! ,/ATE = ABSOLUTE P[]4 ,H[EV]1 ! ,/ATE SEEMS TO HAVE REALIZ$ IT WAS BEAT54 ,) MONEY BREAK+ FREE ( ! /ATE1 ! /ATE LOSES ITS P[] TO CLAIM TO BE PROVID+ 'SOME?+ = NO?+' - PROTECTION4 

,! PO/-,=DI/ /ATE PROVIDES 'NO?+ = NO?+' & ITS P[] IS %ATT]$4 ,IT HAS GIV5 UP ITS PROTECTIVE ROLE 9 EV]Y SPH]E FROM HUMAN RI<TS TO ECONOMICS4 ,IT SEEMS TO BELIEVE IT CAN GIVE UP ITS P[]S & FUNCTIONS & YET /ILL SURVIVE AS AN 'ELECT$ OCCUPY+ >MY'4 ,:AT REMA9S >E EMPTY C]EMONY & ! EX]CISE ( T]ROR AGA9/ ! POOR & DIFF]5T - = 9/ANCE1 ! 'W> ON CRIME'4 ,H[EV]1 ,BEY SPECULATES ?AT ! /ATE C\LD BE US$ AS A K9D ( SOCIAL 'CU/OM & RI<T' AGA9/ CAPITAL4 

,BEY'S REACTION TO #i_/#a#a 9 ',CRISIS ( ,MEAN+' IS BAS$ ON ! IDEA ?AT MEAN+ IS ALREADY 9 CRISIS4 ,?IS IS NOT *ANG$ BY '#e MURD]S'4 ,YET O!RS ?\<T SOME?+ HAD *ANG$4 ,= 9/ANCE1 >TICLES AFT] #i_/#a#a W]E >GU+ ?AT ADV]TIS+ N[ SEEM$ %AMEFUL4 ,WASN'T IT ALREADY %AMEFUL1 S9CE DEA? & TRAG$Y HAPP5 EV]Y DAY8 

,BEY >GUES AGA9/ ! VIEW ?AT ANY TRAUMA OR TRAG$Y IS SO GREAT ?AT >T OR POETRY >E NO LONG] POSSIBLE4 ,!Y HAVE ALREADY SURVIV$ ! ,HOLOCAU/1 ,HIRO%IMA1 & ! ,GULAG1 9 SPITE ( PR$ICTIONS TO ! CONTR>Y4 ,BEY PR$ICTS - PROBABLY RI<TLY - ?AT #i_/#a#a W\LD QUICKLY BE SUBLIMAT$ 9TO ! COLLECTIVE UNCONSCI\S1 AFT] AN ORGY ( FE>1 HATE1 & DE/RUCTION ( FRE$OMS4 

,9 A LAT] 9T]VIEW1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT GLOBALISM HAS EM]G$ /RONG] ?AN EV]1 BECAUSE IT N[ HAS ! 5EMY IT HAD BE5 LOOK+ = S9CE ! ,SOVIET COLLAPSE4 ,AM]ICA IS ABLE TO SU/A9 GLOBALISM & HEGEMONY TOGE!R4 ,PEOPLE W]E HYPNOTIZ$ BY ! M$IA = TWO OR ?REE WEEKS AFT] #i_/#a#a4 ,?IS PRODUC$ A 'NEUROTIC1 OBSESSIVE1 TRANCE-LIKE CONSCI\SNESS'4 ,I W\LD SUGGE/ ?AT ?IS K9D ( HYPNOSIS IS COMMONLY REPEAT$ :5 TRAG$IES OR ATROCITIES OCCUR4 ,IT HAS BECOME AN IMPORTANT ME*ANISM ( /ABILIZATION4 

,SPECTACLE AS ,TRANCE 

,BEY SEES ECONOMIC SY/EMS AS PRODUC+1 OR BE+ CO-PRODUC$ )1 CORRESPOND+ WORLDVIEWS4 ,9DIG5\S & AGRICULTURAL SY/EMS HAVE AN ORGANIC CONSCI\SNESS4 ,CIVILIZATION EM]GES FROM IDEOLOGIES1 :I* RIGIDLY ORD] ! WORLD AS IF FROM \TSIDE4 ,IT MAKES AB/RACT IDEAS CONCRETE1 RA!R ?AN EM]G+ NATURALLY OR ORGANICALLY4 

,AS TE*NOLOGY EXP&S 9 MOD]NITY1 A CORRESPOND+ MA*9IC CONSCI\SNESS EM]GES4 ,! RIGID PSY*OLOGICAL REPRESSION ( ! UNCONSCI\S 9 ,VICTORIAN ?\<T IS BAS$ ON A M9D-MA*9E MODEL :I* REFLECTS ! PRODUCTION L9E4 ,IT LEADS TO PURITANISM & IMP]IALISM4 ,WE >E N[ UND]GO+ A FUR!R P>ADIGM %IFT FOCUS$ ON CYB]NETICS1 QUANTUM PHYSICS1 & DEMAT]IALIZATION4 ,TODAY1 ! LAW SEEKS TO SUPPRESS ?IS %IFT 7= 9/ANCE1 ?R\< ! ',W> ON ,DRUGS'74 

,H[EV]1 ! SY/EM IS ALSO US+ ! NEWLY-RECOV]$ ESOT]IC P[]S UNLEA%$ BY ?IS %IFT4 ,= ,BEY1 CIVILIZATION IS A 'TRANCE-LIKE /ATE' :I* PRODUCES A 'BAD CONSCI\SNESS'1 SOME:AT LIKE A BAD DRUG TRIP4 ,H]METIC P[]S HAVE ALSO BE5 APPROPRIAT$ BY SCI5CE1 ! ,/ATE1 CAPITALISM1 & ! M$IA4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ADV]TS USE ]OTICALLY *>G$ SYMBOLIC IMAG]Y1 9TELLIG5CE S]VICES USE CRYPTOGRAPHY1 & MONEY HAS A SPIRITUAL ORIG94 

,! P[] ( SU* 9/ITUTIONS CAN ONLY BE UND]/OOD 9 T]MS ( !IR RECUP]ATION OR TURN+-ASIDE ( H]METIC PROCESSES ORIG9ALLY DESIGN$ = LIB]ATION OR IMM$IACY4 ,SU* RECUP]ATION OCCURS BY US+ ! P[]S TO CONTROL US]S1 ?US LEAV+ !M ALI5AT$ RA!R ?AN 5*ANT$4 ,BEY CONSID]S MANY =MS ( TRANS=MATION TO BE AL*EMICAL4 ,! SY/EM USES A LOT ( 'EVIL AL*EMY'1 A CATEGORY :I* 9CLUDES NUCLE> WEAPONS1 COMMODIFICATION1 & ACTS SU* AS #i_/#a#a4 ,BO? DRUG ADDICTION & ! W> ON DRUGS >E '%AMANISM GONE BAD'4 

,BEY !ORIZES CAPITALI/ IDEOLOGY AS A V>IETY ( ! GNO/IC IDEOLOGY ( DISEMBODIM5T4 ,9=MATION !ORY IS N[ PRODUC+ FANTASIES ( DISEMBODIM5T WOR?Y ( ,PURITANS OR GNO/ICS4 ,! '9=MATION ECONOMY' IS A NEW MASK = BODY-HATR$4 ,IT 9VOLVES REVULSION AGA9/ ! HEAV9ESS ( MAT]IAL PRODUCTION1 & ! ONGO+ REPLACEM5T ( ORGANIC SPACE ) MA*9IC SPACE TO ORGANIZE CONSCI\SNESS4 

,COMPUT]S >E A K9D ( PROS!SIS ( CONSCI\SNESS4 ,!Y MAKE ! RELIGI\S M9D-BODY SPLIT EV5 MORE ACUTE1 BY REIFY+ CONSCI\SNESS 9 TE*NOLOGY4 ,VIRTUAL LIFE 5C\RAGES A FALSE TRANSC5D5CE1 9 :I* PEOPLE BELIEVE CONSCI\SNESS WILL BECOME IMMORTAL AS PURE 9=MATION4 

,?IS IDEOLOGY =GETS ?AT WE CAN'T EAT 9=MATION4 ,CAPITAL SEEKS TO TRANSC5D ! BODY 9TO PURE SPIRIT OR 9=MATION4 ,9 FACT1 ! GNO/IC CAPITAL :I* ESCAPES EMBODIM5T ALSO RELIES ON A HUGE EXPLOIT$ P]IPH]Y ( OLD-FA%ION$ 9DU/RY & AGRICULTURE1 MO/LY 9 ! GLOBAL ,S\?4 ,?IS PROCESS %[S ! FALSITY ( COMMODITIES4 ,! IDEA ?AT IMAGES >E WEAL? IS A DELUSION CAUS$ BY ! ,SPECTACLE & BELIEV$ BY ITS SUPPORT]S4 

,BEY >GUES ?AT ! 'GNO/IC DUALI/S >E WRONG' - BODY & SPIRIT CANNOT EXI/ )\T EA* O!R4 ,! RULE ( SPIRIT HAS ALI5AT$ US FROM ! LANGUAGE ( ! BODY1 :I* WE SC>CELY EV5 SPEAK TODAY4 ,MOD]NITY BELIEVES 9 RATIONALITY1 UNIFI$ CONSCI\SNESS1 TELEOLOGICAL HI/ORY & SO ON4 ,PUBLIC DISC\RSE PRET5DS TO BE SECUL>1 & SEP>ATE FROM RELIGION4 ,BUT 9 FACT1 RELIGI\S PH5OM5A KEEP RESURFAC+1 = EXAMPLE 9 MORAL PANICS1 CONSPIRACY !ORIES & SO ON4 ,SU* SOCIAL PH5OM5A *ANNEL SIMIL> 5]GIES TO RELIGION4 ,BEY VIEWS ! CURR5T SY/EM AS 9 FACT DEEPLY RELIGI\S1 BAS$ ON A GNO/IC SEP>ATION ( M9D & BODY1 & A P>TICUL> ANSW] TO ! RELIGI\S PROBLEM ( 9T5SITY4 

,BEY >GUES ?AT ! M$IA'S EXT5SION ACROSS ! SOCIAL FIELD ALSO CREATES PROBLEMS = P[]4 ,! M$IA HAS P>ADOXICALLY APPROA*$ A LIMIT ( 'IMAGE-5CLOSURE' 7BY ANALOGY ) ! ,5CLOSURES ( L&74 ,?IS LEADS TO A 'CRISIS ( ! /ASIS ( ! IMAGE1 & ( ! COMPLETE DISAPPE>ANCE ( COMMUNICATIV5ESS'4 

,9 O!R WORDS1 BECAUSE ALL IMAGES >E CAPTUR$ BY ! M$IA1 IMAGES LOSE ! ABILITY TO COMMUNICATE4 ,EV]Y?+ ! M$IA SAYS REF]S TO ITSELF1 & LACKS AN EXT]NAL CONNECTION TO AN \TSIDE4 ,?IS IDEA IS D]IV$ FROM ,BAUDRILL>D1 & PO9TS TO TRANS=MATIVE /RATEGIES FOCUS$ ON HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION & 9TIMATE M$IA4 ,SOVIET COMMUNISM FAIL$ BECAUSE IT FAIL$ TO EMBRACE ! ,SPECTACLE4 ,CAPITAL ADAPT$1 & SO WILL DIS9TEGRATE 9/EAD ( IMPLOD+4 

,9 ONE ESSAY1 ,BEY SUGGE/S ?AT ! ,EVIL ,EYE EXI/S1 9 ! S5SE ( HAV+ APP>5T EFFECTS4 ,IT'S A COMPLEX WAY 9 :I* HUMANS AFFECT EA* O!R4 ,WE/]N]S >E ESPECIALLY VULN]ABLE TO ! ,EYE1 BECAUSE ! WE/]N SOCIAL E?IC IS ROOT$ 9 5VY1 & BECAUSE DEF5SES >E NOT US$4 ,CAPITALISM & ,RUSSIAN-/YLE COMMUNISM >E BO? ROOT$ 9 5VY1 & REQUIRE IT AS A SURVIVAL TRAIT4 

,! GAZE ?US BECOMES A GAZE ( HATE1 RA!R ?AN LOVE4 ,IT IS EXPRESS$ >\ND US AS ! PANOPTICON 7SURVEILLANCE1 P]=MANCE MANAGEM5T & SO ON74 ,IT MANIFE/S AS AN EXP]I5CE ( DEPRIVATION & MIS]Y1 (T5 FOCUS$ ON LACK ( SOME COMMODITY4 ,?IS EXP]I5CE IS FUEL$ BY ! WAYS WE >E REPRES5T$1 AS LACK+ COMMODITIES OR RI<TS4 ,AGA9/ 5VY1 ,BEY PROPOSES NOT MORALITY 7'ANO!R AB/RACTION'7 BUT OV]-ABUNDANT P[]4 

,AS 9 HIS O!R OCCULT PIECES1 ! CLAIM ?AT ! ,EVIL ,EYE 'EXI/S' IS NOT SO MU* AN ONTOLOGICAL CLAIM AS A METAPHOR = A P>TICUL> AFFECT OR SOCIAL =CE - 9 ?IS CASE1 5VY & LACK4 ,?IS 9 TURN IS A V>IANT ( ! RECURR+ !ME ( ALI5ATION1 :I* IS C\NT]POS$ TO LIFE-=CE4 

,CRITIQUE ( ,REPRES5TATION 

,BEY !ORIZES REPRES5TATION AS A H>D5$ =M ( IMAG]Y4 ,CAPITALISM1 OR ! 'CRUEL 9/RUM5TALITY ( ,REASON'1 HAS A FLATT5+ EFFECT4 ,IT R$UCES CONSCI\SNESS TO A #b-DIM5SIONAL MAP4 ,?IS MAP IS VIEW$ ME*ANICALLY4 ,MEAN+ IS EXCLUD$1 AS IT W\LD DISRUPT ME*ANICAL ORD]4 ,?IS LEADS TO A CONTEMPOR>Y 'PLAGUE ( MEAN+LESSNESS' & A COLLAPSE ( E?ICS4 ,M>XISM IS SIMIL>LY LIMIT$ BECAUSE IT REPRODUCES MEAN+LESSNESS4 ,! !ORY ( MEAN+ IMPLI$ H]E IS EXPRESSIVE OR AFFECTIVE4 ,9/RUM5TAL RATIONALITY DE/ROYS MEAN+ BECAUSE IT IS DIFFICULT TO 9VE/ EMOTIONALLY 9 IT4 

,! TYPE ( IMAGE US$ 9 MOD]N SOCIETY REFLECTS ?IS T5D5CY T[>DS MEAN+LESSNESS4 ,WRIT+ & COMPUT] COD+ >E BAS$ ON IMAGES4 ,H[EV]1 !Y >E REIFI$1 SOLIDIFI$ =MS ( IMAGES4 ,COMPUT] COD+ IS BAS$ ON A V]Y SIMPLE1 B9>Y IMAGE-SY/EM4 ,IT NEV] ESCAPES IMAGES1 BUT !Y >E BURI$ MORE DEEPLY4 ,9 ,ABEC$>IUM1 ,WILSON >GUES ?AT WRIT+ IS A =M ( ALI5ATION1 :I* BR+S ) IT ! /ATE4 ,IT 5ABLES COMMUNICATION & !RE=E ACTION AT A DI/ANCE4 ,?IS T5DS TO DE/ROY E>LI]1 DIRECT =MS ( COMMUNITY4 

,H[EV]1 V>I\S SO-CALL$ 'PRE-WRIT+' SY/EMS1 SU* AS WAMPUM1 MANAGE TO AVOID ALI5ATION4 ,!Y %\LD BE R5AM$ 7& NOT CALL$ WRIT+ OR PRE-WRIT+7 TO AVOID IMPLICATIONS ( EVOLUTION-AS-PROGRESS4 ,SU* SY/EMS BELONG TO COMPLEX1 WEAL?Y SOCIETIES :I* REFUSE ! EM]G5CE ( CAPITALISM & ! /ATE4 

,SYMBOLISM ?R\< IMAGES >ISES 9 NON-/ATE SOCIETIES4 ,H[EV]1 WRIT+ BAS$ ON AB/RACT LETT]S IS 9H]5TLY /ATI/4 ,/ATES SEEM TO REQUIRE WRIT+1 ALONG ) IRRIGATION & METALLURGY1 TO EXI/4 ,WRIT+ IS A K9D ( MAGIC1 OR 'ACTION-AT-A-DI/ANCE'1 :I* 5TRAPS PEOPLE = ! /ATE4 ,WILSON >GUES ?AT ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN WAMPUM IS NEI!R MONEY NOR WRIT+4 ,9/EAD1 IT OP]ATES TO W>D (F !SE TE*NOLOGIES4 ,COLONIZ]S TURN$ IT 9TO MONEY BY MASS-PRODUC+ & C\NT]FEIT+ IT1 CORN]+ ! M>KET4 

,9 ,ABEC$>IUM1 ,WILSON REC\NTS ! EVOLUTION ( ! LETT]S ( ! ,5GLI% ALPHABET FROM HI]OGLYPHS ) PICTORIAL RESEMBLANCE TO ! ?+S !Y REPRES5T4 ,HE PORTRAYS ?IS PROCESS AS A K9D ( 5TRAPM5T & ALI5ATION ( IMAG9AL MEAN+4 ,LETT]S CAPTURE ! SPIRIT ( ! IMAGE SO IT CAN BE MANIPULAT$ OR WOR%IP$4 ,WORDS MA9TA9 A MAGICAL 7IMAG9AL7 CONNECTION TO ?+S1 BUT ?IS IS HIDD5 BY LETT]S4 

,NEV]!LESS1 ! P[] ( IMAGES P]SI/S B5EA? LETT]S4 ,MO/ IMAGES >E TURN$ BACK-TO-FRONT OR UPSIDE-D[N1 TO CONCEAL !IR IMAGE-P[]4 ,A1 = EXAMPLE1 IS A BULL OR OX - BUT ! IMAGE ( ITS HEAD IS TURN$ UPSIDE-D[N4 ,ORIG9ALLY A PR\D BULL1 IT IS N[ DOME/ICAT$4 ,! UND]LY+ PICTORAL MEAN+ ( LETT]S IS TAK5 TO REBUT ! /RUCTURALI/ IDEA ?AT WRIT+ IS >BITR>Y4 

0,COP ,CULTURE0 

,! POLICE-/ATE LOGICS ( ! CONTEMPOR>Y /ATE ALSO HAVE AN IMAG9AL ELEM5T4 ,9 A #a#i#hS PIECE1 ,BEY CALLS = A BOYCOTT ( 'COP CULTURE'4 ,HE >GUES ?AT POLICE ,T,V %[S 5C\RAGE ID5TIFICATION ) P[] - :I* HE T]MS A 'POLICE-/ATE-(-CONSCI\SNESS'4 ,VIEW]S >E 5C\RAG$ TO ID5TIFY AS P[]LESS VICTIMS4 ,?IS VICTIM ID5TITY PLAYS 9TO ! GRIEVANCES ( ID5TITY GR\PS4 ,IT 5C\RAGES US TO SEE ! POLICE AS ! M$IATOR BETWE5 CRIM9AL & VICTIM1 & BETWE5 EA* O!R4 ,?IS /OPS US ID5TIFY+ AS *AOTIC H]OES4 ,! P[] ( ! POLICE IS BUILT ON ! VIEW]'S HELPLESSNESS & LACK ( AUTONOM\S SUB/ANCE4 

,9 POLICE DRAMAS1 IF WE >5'T P[]LESS VICTIMS1 WE >E CRIM9ALS4 ,!SE %[S ALSO 5C\RAGE PEOPLE TO ACT AS AMATEUR COPS & 'HELP' ! POLICE4 ,:ILE REAL VIGILANTES >E ?REAT5+ TO ! POLICE-/ATE1 M$IA VIGILANTES SUPPORT IT4 ,PEOPLE >E TURN$ 9TO EXT5SIONS ( ! /ATE'S SURVEILLANCE MA*9]Y ?R\< %[S LIKE ,CRIMEWAT*4 ,?IS PROCESS TURNS PEOPLE 9TO A NATION ( TOADIES SUCK+ UP TO AN ELITE ( BULLIES4 ,IT PREP>ES US = A MESSIANIC MOM5T ( POLICE-/ATE CONTROL :I* IS AT ONCE TOTAL CONTROL & LEE*$ ( CONT5T - 'MEAN+LESS VIOL5T SPASMS' AS ! 'LA/ PR9CIPLE ( GOV]NANCE'4 

,! SIGNIFI]S 9VOLV$ 9 ?IS PH5OM5ON >E CONTRADICTORY4 ,PEOPLE AMBIGU\SLY ID5TIFY AS VICTIMS OR AMATEUR COPS1 BUT ALSO ID5TIFY AS CRIM9ALS & WANT 'CRIME'4 ,! SIGNIFI] ( 'CRIME' HAS COME TO /& = UNM$IAT$ DESIRE4 ,H5CE1 POLICE %[S 5ACT A K9D ( 9N] CONFLICT BETWE5 SUP]EGO & ID1 ACROSS AN AB&ON$ L&SCAPE ( ALI5ATION4 

,! SUCCESS ( POLICE %[S IS A RESULT ( POPUL> ACCEPTANCE ( ! ,MANI*EAN WORLDVIEW ( ! POLICE4 ,IT PLAYS TO AN 9N] P]SONALITY 9 :I* PASSION IS DAMM$ & DIV]T$ AGA9/ ITSELF4 ,BEY SEEKS ! DE/RUCTION ( ! >*ETYPAL IMAGE ( ! COP OR ! COP-9-!-HEAD 7NOT NECESS>ILY ( 9DIVIDUAL COPS74 ,DE/ROY+ ?IS 9N] REPRESSIVE =CE RELEASES TIDES ( PASSIONATE 5]GY - NOT ! NEGATIVE DISORD] FE>$ BY AU?ORIT>IANS4 

,AM]ICAN ,GLOBAL ,HEGEMONY 

,BEY ALSO OCCASIONALLY DISCUSSES GLOBAL GEOPOLITICS4 ,9 ',! ,9=MATION ,W>'1 ,BEY DI/+UI%ES ?REE K9DS ( CONFLICT4 ,9DIG5\S W> IS A 'RITUAL BRAWL'1 VOLUNT>Y & NON-HI]>*ICAL4 ,/ATI/ OR CLASSICAL W> IS COMPULSORY & HI]>*ICAL4 ,HYP]REAL OR 'PURE' W> - ! K9D DISCUSS$ BY ,BAUDRILL>D - IS BAS$ ON IMAGES & PSY*OLOGICAL EFFECTS4 ,WILSON PORTRAYS ! F\ND+ ( ,AM]ICA AS A SUCCESSFUL CONSPIRACY BY A :ITE MALE ELITE AGA9/ ,*UR* & ,K+4 

,! ELITE'S P[] IS F\ND$ ON 5T]PRISE1 9CLUD+ SLAV]Y & SW9DL+1 & A POLITICAL SY/EM DESIGN$ TO P]PETUATE !IR RULE4 ,! ,U,S HAS DEF9$ ITSELF AS ! HEGEMON OV] AN ILLUSORY 'FREE M>KET'1 ACT+ AS BO? ,C,E,O & 'SECURITY COP' AT A GLOBAL LEVEL4 ,OV]T DISCRIM9ATION HAS L>GELY BE5 REPLAC$ BY PSY*OLOGICAL RACISM1 OR HO/ILITY TO O!R CULTURES4 ,IMAG9ATIVE P>TICIPATION 9 O!R CULTURES IS A WAY TO RESI/ PSY*OLOGICAL RACISM4 

,AM]ICA HAS TRI$ TO AVOID ! PROBLEM ( DIV]SITY ?R\< ITS MELT+-POT APPROA*4 ,BUT 9 PRACTICE1 ,AM]ICAN CONS5SUS CULTURE WAS ,5GLI% COLONIAL CULTURE ) AMNESIA & FRONTI] BLU/]4 ,MULTICULTURALISM EM]G$ AS A RESPONSE TO ! FAILURE ( ASSIMILATION4 ,IT IS DESIGN$ TO SAVE ! ,AM]ICAN SY/EM ( SOCIAL CONTROL1 BY ALL[+ A SMALL DEGREE ( CULTURAL SELF-ID5TITY & TOK5I/IC 9CLUSION4 

,M9ORITY CULTURES >E /ILL VALU$ ONLY 9 RELATION TO A 'UNIV]SAL' CULTURE ( ! DOM9ANT GR\P4 ,!Y >E ALSO 'APPROPRIAT$' 9 ! S5SE ( BE+ COMMODIFI$1 & R$UC$ TO IMAGES OR ',SPECTACLE'4 ,LIB]AL 9TEGRATION POSITS A FALSE SEP>ATION ( CULTURES1 :I* 9 FACT >E ONLY TOL]AT$ OR 5C\RAG$ IF !Y TACITLY RECOGNIZE ! C5TRALITY ( ! CONS5SUS4 ,P>TICUL>ITIES & CULTURES >E SPOKES 9 A :EEL >\ND A C5TRAL HUB1 ! DOM9ANT SY/EM4 ,G5U9E CULTURAL AUTONOMY & HORIZONTAL CONNECTIONS ACROSS CULTURES >E =BIDD54 

,! CONS5SUS ?US SUCKS 9 5]GY 9 A DEA?-LIKE PROCESS4 ,S9CE P>TICUL>ISM IS A S\RCE ( RESI/ANCE1 ! SY/EM (F]S A FALSE =M ( IT1 DEVOID ( 9SURRECTION>Y DESIRE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 IT 5C\RAGES HATR$ & CONFLICT AMONG GR\PS1 & RESPONDS TO SOCIAL PROBLEMS ) SECURITIZATION4 ,! SY/EM PROVIDES FALSE1 PACKAG$ P>TICUL>ITIES >TICULAT$ BY ! COMMODITY SY/EM1 :]EAS ,BEY PROPOSES AUTONOM\S GR\PS >TICULAT$ ?R\< RECIPROCITY & A GIFT ECONOMY4 

,9/EAD ( MULTICULTURALISM1 ,BEY CALLS = 'RADICAL TOL]ANCE'4 ,?IS IS A SITUATION ( CREATIVE *AOS & MULTIPLE RELATIONS AMONG RELATIVELY EQUAL P[]S1 )\T A C5T]4 ,! SY/EM'S PLURALISM FOCUSES ON ! SPECIFIC OBJECT ( DESIRE - SU* AS A P>TICUL> FOOD OR DANCE - :]EAS ! REAL ISSUE IS 'TO BE Y\RSELF' OR TO 'BE FREE'4 ,! POSSIBILITY ( AUTONOM\S DESIRE IS MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ! OBJECT ( DESIRE4 ,! SY/EM CAN (F] ! OBJECT 7CONDITIONAL ON CON=MITY71 BUT NOT AUTONOMY - & ?IS R5D]S P>TIAL VICTORIES & RE=MS PROBLEMATIC4 

,TODAY'S 'PAN-CAPITALISM' 9 !ORY P]MITS ANY IMAGE1 BUT 9 PRACTICE PROVES UNABLE TO G5]ATE ANY?+ BUT SAM5ESS4 ,IMAGES ( RELATIONS O!R ?AN EX*ANGE >E IMPLICITLY PROHIBIT$4 ,= EXAMPLE1 A DOCUM5T>Y AB\T AN 9DIG5\S GR\P CANNOT CONVEY ! MEAN+ ( GIFT ECONOMY1 AL?\< IT MI<T CREATE 'COGNITIVE DISSONANCES' ?R\< ?+S :I* REMA9 UNSE54 

,DISCUSSION 

,BEY'S ANALYSIS ( CAPITALISM1 ! /ATE1 & ! ,SPECTACLE IS ?\<T-PROVOK+ & 9SI<TFUL4 ,IT IS WRITT5 ) AN EYE TO /RATEGIC RESPONSES TO P>TICUL> CONFIGURATIONS ( P[]4 ,C\NT] TO C]TA9 CRITICS1 ,I W\LDN'T 9T]PRET ,BEY AS R$UC+ ! SY/EM TO AN IMAG9>Y CON/RUCT1 OR A 'DISC\RSE' 9 A N>R[ S5SE4 ,RA!R1 HE IS SUGGE/+ ?AT ! IMAG9AL UND]P9N+ ( ! SY/EM PROVIDES ! MATRIX = ITS REAL FUNCTION+4 

,! IMAG9AL ASPECT ( ! SY/EM DISRUPTS RESPONSES ON A PURELY MAT]IAL LEVEL4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO FI<T AT ! IMAG9AL AS WELL AS ! MAT]IAL LEVEL TO BE EFFECTIVE4 ,?IS IS SIMIL> TO ,GRAMSCI'S VIEW ?AT CIVIL SOCIETY 9SULATES ! /ATE & CAPITAL FROM REVOLUTION4 ,IT BY NO MEANS IMPLIES ?AT ! SY/EM'S VIOL5CE1 OR ITS HUMAN CONSEQU5CES1 >5'T 'REAL'1 OR ?AT ! SY/EM WILL DISAPPE> SIMPLY FROM NOT BELIEV+ 9 IT4 

,H[EV]1 ,I FEEL ,BEY (T5 PLACES TOO GREAT AN EMPHASIS ON RECUP]ATION RELATIVE TO REPRESSION1 AS A ?REAT TO SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 ,HE SEEMS1 !RE=E1 TO OV]EMPHASIZE IMAG9AL /RATEGIES OV] MAT]IAL CONTROL ( SPACES1 RES\RCES & SO ON4 ,ESPECIALLY 9 ! PO/-#i_/#a#a ]A1 REPRESSION IS A V]Y REAL ?REAT4 ,IT RESPONDS 9 A T>GET$ WAY TO ! DANG] POS$ TO IT BY AUTONOM\S ZONES4 

,! IDEA ?AT ! /ATE CAN FUNCTION AS AN 'ADV]S>Y' AGA9/ :I* TO %>P5 ONE'S CLAWS SEEMS NAIVE 9 A CONTROL SOCIETY1 9 :I* /ATE-PRODUC$ FE> & ANXIETY HAVE SU* A DEBILITAT+ EFFECT ON DISS5T4 ,9 ADDITION TO ITS IMAG9AL OP]ATION1 CAPITAL & ! /ATE ALSO RELY ON SPATIAL DOM9ANCE4 ,IT SEEMS IMPOSSIBLE TO PREV5T ?IS DOM9ANCE )\T SOME K9D ( C\NT]-P[]4 ,I W\LD ANALYZE LEGALIZATION1 & O!R BORD]-CONFLICTS ) ! /ATE1 AS MORE ?AN JU/ RECUP]ATION - !Y >E ALSO MEANS TO PU% BACK ! /ATE1 TO CREATE SPACE = AUTONOMY4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#g1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/