,*APT] #f 
,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A 7,CONT9UATION74 ,GRIGOR'EV'S ,REVOLT4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS' ,FIR/ ,ASSAULT ON ,GULYAI-,POLYE 

#aibcaibc 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,>%9OV 

,TEXT 3 

,ON ,MAY #a#b1 #a#i#a#i1 ! FOLL[+ TELEGRAM WAS RECEIV$ AT ! ,MAKHNOVI/ HEADQU>T]S 9 ,GULYAI-,POLYE3  
  

0,GULYAI-,POLYE1 =W>D TO ,BATKO ,MAKHNO4 

0,! TRAITOR ,GRIGOR'EV HAS DELIV]$ ! FRONT TO ! 5EMY4 ,REFUS+ TO EXECUTE BATTLE ORD]S1 HE TURN$ HIS GUNS >\ND4 ,! DECISIVE MOM5T HAS COME3 EI!R Y\ WILL M>* ) ! WORK]S & PEASANTS ( ALL ( ,RUSSIA1 OR ELSE Y\ WILL 9 PRACTICE OP5 ! FRONT TO ! 5EMY4 ,!RE CAN BE NO HESITATION4 ,S5D IMM$IATE 9=MATION ON ! DISPOSITION ( Y\R TROOPS & ISSUE A PROCLAMATION AGA9/ ,GRIGOR'EV1 S5D+ ME A COPY AT ,KH>'KOV4 ,A LACK ( RESPONSE WILL BE CONSID]$ A DECL>ATION ( W>4 ,I HAVE FAI? 9 ! HONOR ( REVOLUTION>IES -- Y\RS1 ,>%9OV'S1 ,V]ETEL'NIKOV'S1 & ?AT ( O!RS4  
  

07,SIGN$7 

,KAM5EV4 

,NO4 #bgg 

,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,9SPECTOR1 

,LOB'YE40  
  
  

,! ,/AFF IMM$IATELY CALL$ A SESSION1 9VIT+ REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL1 & AFT] S]I\S CONSID]ATION ( ! TELEGRAM & ! EV5T :I* IT ANN\NC$1 REA*$ ! FOLL[+ CONCLUSION4 ,ON ! EVE ( ! ,HETMAN'S OV]?R[ ,GRIGOR'EV1 =M] ,CZ>I/ (FIC]1 WAS 9 ! RANKS ( ! ,PETLIURI/S & COMM&$ NUM]\S 9SURRECTION>Y TROOPS UND] ! ,PETLIURI/ AU?ORITIES4 ,:5 ! ,PETLIURI/ >MY DIS9TEGRAT$ BECAUSE ( ! 9FLU5CE ( CLASS CONTRADICTIONS1 ,GRIGOR'EV & HIS TROOPS JO9$ UP ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 :O HAD JU/ >RIV$ FROM ,C5TRAL ,RUSSIA4 ,HE COLLABORAT$ ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS AGA9/ ! ,PETLIURI/S1 :ILE RETA9+ A C]TA9 AUTONOMY & FRE$OM ( ACTION = HIS TROOPS4 ,HE WAS L>GELY RESPONSIBLE = LIB]AT+ ! GOV]NM5T ( ,KH]SON FROM ! ,PETLIURI/S4 ,HE OCCUPI$ ,ODESSA4 ,SUBSEQU5TLY HE & HIS DETA*M5TS HELD ! ,BESS>ABIAN FRONT4 

,GRIGOR'EV'S 9SURRECTION>Y DETA*M5TS W]E ORGANIZATIONALLY1 & P>TICUL>LY IDEOLOGICALLY1 RET>D$ 9 COMP>ISON ) ! ,MAKHNOVI/ 9SURG5TS4 ,?R\<\T ! 5TIRE P]IOD1 !Y REMA9$ 9 ! FIR/ /AGES ( !IR DEVELOPM5T4 ,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! G5]AL 9SURRECTION !Y HAD BE5 IMBU$ ) A REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT1 BUT !Y1 UNLIKE ! ,MAKHNOVI/S1 W]E UNABLE TO F9D1 EI!R 9 !MSELVES OR 9 ! PEASANT 5VIRONM5T FROM :I* !Y CAME1 ! HI/ORIC TASKS ( LABOR OR ITS VIVID SOCIAL ASPIRATIONS4 ,9 SPITE ( !IR 9ITIAL REVOLUTION>Y IMPETUS1 !IR SOCIAL IDEALS W]E IRRESOLUTE & UNDET]M9$1 & AS A RESULT !Y FELL UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ,PETLIURA1 !N ( ,GRIGOR'EV1 !N ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 

,GRIGOR'EV HIMSELF HAD NEV] BE5 A REVOLUTION>Y4 ,!RE WAS A GREAT DEAL ( ADV5TURISM 9 HIS JO9+ ! RANKS ( ! ,PETLIURI/S & !N ! RANKS ( ! ,R$ ,>MY4 ,HE WAS ABOVE ALL A W>RIOR = :OM ! SPONTANEITY ( ! POPUL> 9SURRECTION>Y MOVEM5T PROVID$ A ROLE4 ,HIS TEMP]AM5T WAS EXTRAORD9>ILY V>IEGAT$2 IT CONSI/$ ( A C]TA9 AM\NT ( SYMPA?Y = OPPRESS$ PEASANTS1 AU?ORIT>IANISM1 ! EXTRAVAGANCE ( A ,COSSACK *IEFTA91 NATIONALI/ S5TIM5TS & ANTI-,SEMITISM4 ,:AT HAD 9DUC$ HIM TO TURN AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKS8 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/ /AFF DID NOT KN[4 ,!RE W]E MANY 9DICATIONS ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS !MSELVES HAD PROVOK$ HIM 9 ORD] TO DISB& HIS AUTONOM\S 9SURRECTION>Y DETA*M5TS :I* DID NOT PURSUE 9DEP5D5T REVOLUTION>Y GOALS1 AS DID ! ,MAKHNOVI/S1 BUT :OSE =M & CONT5T W]E NEV]!LESS HO/ILE TO ! IDEA ( ,BOL%EVISM4 ,9 ANY CASE1 9 ! EYES ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/S1 ,GRIGOR'EV'S MOVE AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKS DID NOT APPE> TO BE 9 ! SPIRIT ( ! REVOLUTION OR ! WORK+ PEOPLE1 BUT SEEM$ PURELY MILIT>Y & POLITICAL1 & CONSEQU5TLY DID NOT M]IT !IR S]I\S ATT5TION4 ,?IS BECAME P>TICUL>LY CLE> AFT] ,GRIGOR'EV PUBLI%$ HIS 0,UNIV]SAL0 7,APPEAL71 FILL$ ) ! NOTION ( NATIONAL HATR$ AMONG ! WORK+ PEOPLE4 ,! ONLY ELEM5T ( ?IS MOVEM5T WOR?Y ( ATT5TION & COMPASSION1 9 ! VIEW ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/S1 W]E ! 9SURG5T MASSES MISL$ 9TO POLITICAL ADV5TURE BY ,GRIGOR'EV4 

,?IS WAS ! CONCLUSION REA*$ BY ! ,MAKHNOVI/S AFT] !IR CONSID]ATION ( ,GRIGOR'EV'S MOVEM5T4 ,9 CON=MITY ) ?IS VIEW1 ! /AFF ( ! >MY BEGAN TO RESPOND TO ! EV5T ,FIR/ ( ALL1 IT S5T ! FOLL[+ ORD]S TO ! FRONT3  
  

0,M>IUPOL'4 ,FIELD ,/AFF ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,>MY4 ,COPIES TO ALL HEADS ( COMBAT UNITS1 TO ALL COMM&]S ( REGIM5TS1 BATTALIONS1 COMPANIES & PLATOONS4 ,ORD] TO BE READ TO ALL UNITS ( ! >MY KN[N AS ,BATKO ,MAKHNO'S4 ,COPY TO ,KH>'KOV1 TO ! ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,PL5IPOT5TI>Y ( ! ,NATIONAL ,DEF5SE ,C\NCIL1 ,KAM5EV4 

0,! MO/ 5]GETIC MEASURES WILL NE$ TO BE ADOPT$ = ! DEF5SE ( ! FRONT4 ,A WEAK5+ ( ! EXT]NAL FRONT ( ! REVOLUTION IS ABSOLUTELY 9ADMISSIBLE4 ,REVOLUTION>Y HONOR & DIGNITY OBLIGE US TO REMA9 TRUE TO ! REVOLUTION & TO ! PEOPLE1 & ! RIVALRY = P[] BETWE5 ,GRIGOR'EV & ! ,BOL%EVIKS CANNOT BE ALL[$ TO MAKE US WEAK5 ! FRONT :I* ! ,:ITES SEEK TO P5ETRATE 9 ORD] TO RE5SLAVE ! PEOPLE4 ,AS LONG AS WE HAVE NOT A*IEV$ VICTORY OV] \R COMMON 5EMY P]SONIFI$ BY ! ,DON ,:ITES1 & AS LONG AS WE HAVE NOT GU>ANTE$ ! FRE$OM WON ) \R [N H&S & WEAPONS1 WE WILL REMA9 AT \R FRONT & WILL CONT9UE TO /RUGGLE = ! FRE$OM ( ! PEOPLE1 BUT UND] NO CIRCUM/ANCES WILL WE /RUGGLE = ! P[] OR = ! 9TRIGUES ( *>LATAN POLITICIANS4  
  

0,BRIGADE ,COMM&]1 ,BATKO ,MAKHNO 

0,MEMB]S ( ! ,/AFF 7,SIGNATURES70  
  
  

,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! ,/AFF ANSW]$ ,KAM5EV ) ! FOLL[+ TELEGRAM3  
  

0,KH>'KOV4 ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,PL5IPOT5TI>Y ( ! ,NATIONAL ,DEF5SE ,C\NCIL1 ,KAM5EV4 ,COPY TO ,M>IUPOL'4 ,FIELD ,/AFF4 

0,UPON RECEIPT ( Y\R & ,RO%*9'S.<#a#d.> TELEGRAMS 9=M+ US AB\T ,GRIGOR'EV1 ,I IMM$IATELY GAVE ! ORD] TO MA9TA9 ! FRONT FIRMLY & NOT TO GIVE AN 9* TO ,D5IK9 OR ANY O!R C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y GANG1 FULFILL+ \R REVOLUTION>Y OBLIGATIONS T[>D ! WORK]S & PEASANTS ( ,RUSSIA & ( ! 5TIRE WORLD4 ,BUT Y\ %\LD KN[ ?AT MY TROOPS & ,I WILL REMA9 RESOLUTELY TRUE TO ! WORK]S' & PEASANTS' REVOLUTION1 BUT NOT TO ! 9/ITUTIONS ( VIOL5CE P]SONIFI$ BY Y\R ,COMMISS>IATS & Y\R ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,COMMISSIONS 7,*EKAS7 :I* TYRANNIZE ! WORK+ POPULATION4 ,IF ,GRIGOR'EV HAS ACTUALLY AB&ON$ ! FRONT & MOV$ HIS TROOPS 9 ORD] TO SEIZE P[]1 !N ?IS IS A CRIM9AL ADV5TURE & A BETRAYAL ( ! PEOPLE'S REVOLUTION1 & ,I WILL WIDELY PUBLICIZE MY VIEW ( ?IS MATT]4 ,BUT AS YET ,I DO NOT HAVE EXACT 9=MATION ON ,GRIGOR'EV OR ON ! MOVEM5T L9K$ ) HIM2 ,I DO NOT KN[ :AT HE HAS DONE NOR = :AT PURPOSE2 CONSEQU5TLY = ! TIME BE+ ,I WILL REFRA9 FROM PUBLI%+ A PROCLAMATION AGA9/ HIM1 UNTIL ,I RECEIVE CLE>] 9=MATION AB\T HIM4 ,AS A REVOLUTION>Y & AN AN>*I/1 ,I LET IT BE KN[N ?AT ,I CANNOT 9 ANY WAY SUPPORT ! SEIZURE ( P[] BY ,GRIGOR'EV OR BY ANYONE ELSE2 AS E>LI] MY 9SURG5T COMRADES & ,I WILL CONT9UE TO PURSUE ,D5IK9'S B&S1 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME DO+ ! UTMO/ TO ALL[ ! LIB]AT$ REGION TO E/ABLI% NETWORKS ( FREE UNIONS ( PEASANTS & WORK]S :O >E !MSELVES ! POSSESSORS ( ALL P[]4 ,9 T]MS ( !SE RELATIONS1 ! ,*EKAS & ,COMMISS>IATS1 :I* >E ONLY 9/RUM5TS ( CON/RA9T & VIOL5CE S]V+ TO E/ABLI% A ,P>TY DICTATOR%IP -- EXT5D+ !IR VIOL5CE TO AN>*I/ F$]ATIONS & ! AN>*I/ PRESS -- WILL F9D 9 US 5]GETIC ADV]S>IES4  
  

0,BRIGADE ,COMM&]1 ,BATKO ,MAKHNO4 

0,MEMB]S ( ! ,/AFF 7,SIGNATURES74 

0,PRESID5T ( ! ,CULTURAL ,SECTION1 

,>%9OV40  
  
  

,A COMMISSION ( REPRES5TATIVES ( ! /AFF & ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL WAS =M$ & S5T TO ! REGION ( ,GRIGOR'EV'S MOVEM5T 9 ORD] TO UNMASK HIM 9 ! EYES ( ! 9SURG5TS & TO 9VITE !M TO 5LI/ UND] ! REVOLUTION>Y FLAG ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/S4 ,9 ! MEANTIME ,GRIGOR'EV1 :O HAD ALREADY OCCUPI$ ,ALEKS&RIYA1 ,ZNAM5KA1 ,ELISAVETGRAD1 APPROA*$ ,EKAT]9OSLAV1 :I* S]I\SLY AL>M$ ! ,COMMUNI/ AU?ORITIES RESID+ AT ,KH>'KOV4 ,! ,COMMUNI/S LOOK$ T[>D ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE REGION ) APPREH5SION4 ,EV]Y S\ND FROM ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 EV]Y TELEGRAM FROM ,MAKHNO1 WAS EAG]LY RECEIV$ & PR9T$ 9 ! ,SOVIET PRESS4 ,NATURALLY !SE APPREH5SIONS HAD NO O!R F\NDATION ?AN ! PR(\ND IGNORANCE ( ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T FUNCTION>IES1 :O IMAG9$ ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ ,MAKHNO W\LD SUDD5LY TURN AGA9/ !M & JO9 =CES ) ,GRIGOR'EV4 ,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A ALWAYS HELD PR9CIPL$ POSITIONS & WAS ALWAYS GUID$ BY ! IDEALS ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 IDEALS ( ! /ATELESS WORK+ COMMUNITY4 ,CONSEQU5TLY ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A C\LD NEV] HAVE UNIT$ ) JU/ ANY ANTI-,BOL%EVIK POSITION SOLELY ON ! GR\ND ?AT ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A ALSO OPPOS$ ,BOL%EVISM4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 A MOVEM5T LIKE ,GRIGOR'EV'S REPRES5T$ AN ADDITIONAL ?REAT TO ! FRE$OM ( ! WORK]S &1 CONSEQU5TLY1 WAS AS MU* AN 5EMY TO ! ,MAKHNOVI/S AS TO ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,& 9 FACT1 DUR+ ITS 5TIRE EXI/5CE1 ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A DID NOT COLLABORATE ) A S+LE ANTI-,BOL%EVIK MOVEM5T1 BUT F\<T ) ! SAME H]OISM & ! SAME SPIRIT ( SACRIFICE AGA9/ ,BOL%EVISM AS AGA9/ ,PETLIURA1 ,GRIGOR'EV1 ,D5IK91 ,WRANGEL1 CONSID]+ ALL !SE MOVEM5TS TO BE AU?ORIT>IAN GR\PS SEEK+ TO 5?RALL$ & EXPLOIT ! WORK+ MASSES4 ,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A EV5 TURN$ D[N ! ADVANCES MADE BY C]TA9 GR\PS ( LEFT-W+ ,S,RS 7,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>IES7 TO /RUGGLE TOGE!R AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKS2 !SE ADVANCES W]E TURN$ D[N BECAUSE ! LEFT ,S,R1 AS A POLITICAL MOVEM5T1 9 ESS5CE REPRES5T$ ! SAME ?+ AS ,BOL%EVISM1 NAMELY /ATI/ DOM9ATION ( ! PEOPLE BY ! SOCIALI/ DEMOCRACY4 

,GRIGOR'EV HIMSELF1 AT ! TIME ( HIS REBELLION1 HAD TRI$ SEV]AL TIMES TO E/ABLI% TIES ) ,MAKHNO4 ,BUT ( ALL HIS TELEGRAMS TO ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 ONLY ONE >RIV$1 ) ! FOLL[+ CONT5T3 0,BATKO6 ,:Y >E Y\ LOOK+ T[>D ! ,COMMUNI/S8 ,?RA% !M6 -- ,ATAMAN.<#a#e.> ,GRIGOR'EV40 ,?IS TELEGRAM WAS OBVI\SLY LEFT UNANSW]$1 & TWO OR ?REE DAYS LAT] ! /AFF1 TOGE!R ) REPRES5TATIVES ( ! 9SURRECTION>Y TROOPS AT ! FRONT1 DEF9ITIVELY CONDEMN$ ,GRIGOR'EV1 & PUBLI%$ ! FOLL[+ PROCLAMATION3  
  

,:,O ,I,S ,G,R,I,G,O,R',E,V8 

,FELL[ ,WORK]S6 ,:51 A YE> AGO1 WE SET \T ON A REL5TLESS /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,AU/RO-,G]MAN 9VASION & ! DOM9ATION ( ! ,HETMAN1 & !N AGA9/ ,PETLIURA & ,D5IK91 WE W]E P]FECTLY CLE> AB\T ! DIRECTION ( ?IS /RUGGLE & FROM ! FIR/ DAY WE M>*$ UND] A BANN] :I* PROCLAIM$3 ! LIB]ATION ( ! WORK]S IS ! TASK ( ! WORK]S !MSELVES4 ,?IS /RUGGLE L$ US TO NUM]\S VICTORIES :I* W]E PR(\NDLY SIGNIFICANT3 WE *AS$ \T ! ,G]MANS1 OV]TURN$ ! ,HETMAN1 KEPT ! PETIT-B\RGEOIS REGIME ( ,PETLIURA FROM E/ABLI%+ ITSELF1 & BEGAN CREATIVE WORK 9 ! REGIONS WE LIB]AT$4 ,AT ! SAME TIME WE CONT9UALLY URG$ ! VA/ POPUL> MASSES TO PAY CLOSE ATT5TION TO :AT WAS GO+ ON >\ND !M2 WE W>N$ !M ?AT NUM]\S BEA/S ( PREY /ALK$ !M1 WAIT+ ONLY = ! OPPORTUNE MOM5T TO SEIZE P[] & TO ATTA* !MSELVES TO ! BACKS ( ! PEOPLE4 ,A NEW PR$ATOR ( ?IS TYPE HAS JU/ MADE HIS APPE>ANCE1 ! ,ATAMAN ,GRIGOR'EV :O1 :ILE %\T+ AB\T ! SUFF]+S1 ! BURD5S & ! OPPRESSION ( ! PEOPLE1 9 PRACTICE REE/ABLI%ES ! OLD REGIME ( VIOL5CE & BRIG&AGE :I* PLUND]S ! PEOPLE'S LABOR1 9CREASES !IR MIS]Y1 RE9=CES TYRANNY & ABOLI%ES FRE$OM4 ,LET US EXAM9E ! ,ATAMAN ,GRIGOR'EV HIMSELF4 

,GRIGOR'EV IS A =M] ,CZ>I/ (FIC]4 ,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! REVOLUTION 9 ! ,UKRA9E HE F\<T ) ,PETLIURA AGA9/ ! ,SOVIET P[]1 & !N HE TOOK SIDES ) ! ,SOVIET AU?ORITIES2 N[ HE HAS TURN$ AGA9/ ! ,SOVIETS & AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION 9 G5]AL4 ,:AT DOES ,GRIGOR'EV HAVE TO SAY8 ,9 ! FIR/ L9ES ( HIS 0,UNIV]SAL HE SAYS ?AT ! ,UKRA9E IS RUL$ BY ?OSE :O CRUCIFI$ ,*RI/1 BY ?OSE :O CAME \T ( ! 0L[] DEP?S ( ,MOSC[40 ,BRO!RS1 DO Y\ NOT HE> 9 !SE WORDS A SOMB] CALL = A POGROM ( ,JEWS8 ,DO Y\ NOT S5SE ! DESIRE ( ,ATAMAN ,GRIGOR'EV TO %ATT] ! LIV+ FRAT]NAL L9KS :I* UNITE REVOLUTION>Y ,UKRA9E ) REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA8 ,GRIGOR'EV SPEAKS ( CALL\S$ H&S1 ( ! HOLY WORK]1 ETC4 ,BUT :O TODAY DOES NOT SPEAK ( SACR$ WORK1 ( ! GOOD ( ! PEOPLE8 ,EV5 ! ,:ITES1 :ILE ATTACK+ US & \R C\NTRY1 DECL>E ?AT !Y >E FI<T+ = ! CAUSE ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE4 ,BUT WE KN[ :AT K9D ( WELLBE+ !Y GIVE ! PEOPLE :5 !Y HAVE P[] OV] !M4 

,GRIGOR'EV SAYS ?AT HE IS FI<T+ AGA9/ ! COMMISS>S = ! TRUE P[] ( ! ,SOVIETS4 ,BUT 9 ! SAME 0,UNIV]SAL0 HE WRITES3 0,I1 ,ATAMAN ,GRIGOR'EV444 H]E >E MY ORD]S -- *OOSE Y\R COMMISS>S40 ,& FUR!R ON1 DECL>+ ?AT HE IS AGA9/ BLOOD%$1 ,GRIGOR'EV ANN\NCES 9 ! SAME 0,UNIV]SAL0 ?AT HE IS CALL+ = A G5]AL CONSCRIPTION1 & S5DS MESSAGES TO ,KH>'KOV & ,KIEV 9 :I* HE WRITES3 0,I DEM& ?AT MY ORD]S BE EXECUT$2 ,I WILL TAKE C>E ( ALL ! RE/40 ,:AT IS ?IS8 ,! DIRECT P[] ( ! PEOPLE8 ,CZ> ,NI*OLAS ALSO CONSID]$ HIS AU?ORITY TO BE ! P[] ( ! PEOPLE4 ,OR DOES ,ATAMAN ,GRIGOR'EV BELIEVE ?AT HIS ORD]S WILL NOT REPRES5T A P[] OV] ! PEOPLE & ?AT HIS COMMISS>S WILL NOT BE COM-MIS>S BUT ANGELS8 ,BRO!RS6 ,DON'T Y\ SEE ?AT A B& ( ADV5TUR]S IS TURN+ Y\ ONE AGA9/ ! O!R1 DISRUPT+ Y\R REVOLUTION>Y RANKS1 & TRY+ TO 5?RALL$ Y\ BEH9D Y\R BACKS & ) Y\R [N HELP8 ,BE ON Y\R GU>D6 ,! TRAITOR ,GRIGOR'EV1 :O HAS /RUCK A MAJOR BL[ FROM )9 AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION1 HAS AT ! SAME TIME REVIV$ ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ,GRIGOR'EV'S POGROMI/ MOVEM5T1 ,PETLIURA IS ALREADY TRY+ TO BREAK ?R\< \R FRONT FROM ,GALICIA1 & ,D5IK9 FROM ! ,DON4 ,! WORSE = ! ,UKRA9IAN PEOPLE IF !Y DO NOT PUT AN IMM$IATE /OP TO !SE 9T]NAL & EXT]NAL ADV5TURES4 

,FELL[ PEASANTS1 WORK]S & 9SURG5TS6 ,MANY AMONG Y\ WILL WOND] :AT TO MAKE ( ! NUM]\S 9SURG5TS :O LOYALLY BATTL$ = ! CAUSE ( ! REVOLUTION & :O1 BECAUSE ( ,GRIGOR'EV'S TREA*]Y1 >E N[ 5ROLL$ 9 HIS %AMEFUL RANKS4 ,%\LD !Y BE CONSID]$ C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES8 ,NO4 ,!SE COMRADES >E VICTIMS ( DECEIT4 ,WE BELIEVE ?AT !IR HEAL?Y REVOLUTION>Y S5SE WILL 9=M !M ?AT ,GRIGOR'EV HAS MISL$ !M & !Y WILL AB&ON HIM TO REJO9 ! RANKS ( ! REVOLUTION4 

,WE %\LD ALSO PO9T \T ?AT ! CAUSES :I* GAVE RISE TO ,GRIGOR'EV'S MOVEM5T HAVE !IR ORIG91 NOT ONLY 9 ,GRIGOR'EV HIMSELF1 BUT MA9LY 9 ! DISORD] :I* HAS PLAGU$ ! ,UKRA9E 9 REC5T TIMES4 ,S9CE ! >RIVAL ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS ! DICTATOR%IP ( !IR ,P>TY HAS BE5 E/ABLI%$ H]E4 ,AS A P>TY ( /ATI/S1 ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY EV]Y:]E SET UP /ATE ORGANS = ! PURPOSE ( GOV]N+ ! REVOLUTION>Y PEOPLE4 ,EV]Y?+ HAS TO BE SUBMITT$ TO !IR AU?ORITY & TAKE PLACE UND] !IR VIGILANT EYE4 ,ALL OPPOSITION1 PROTE/1 OR EV5 9DEP5D5T 9ITIATIVE HAS BE5 /IFL$ BY !IR ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,COMMISSIONS4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ALL !SE 9/ITUTIONS >E COMPOS$ ( PEOPLE :O >E F> REMOV$ FROM LABOR & FROM REVOLUTION4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 :AT HAS BE5 CREAT$ IS A SITUATION 9 :I* ! LABOR+ & REVOLUTION>Y PEOPLE HAVE FALL5 UND] ! SURVEILLANCE & RULE ( PEOPLE :O >E ALI5 TO ! WORK+ CLASSES1 PEOPLE :O >E 9CL9$ TO EX]CISE >BITR>9ESS & VIOL5CE OV] ! WORK]S4 ,SU* IS ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,BOL%EVIK-,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,AMONG ! MASSES ?IS DICTATOR%IP HAS >\S$ IRRITATION1 PROTE/ & ANIMOSITY T[>D ! EXI/+ ORD]4 ,GRIGOR'EV TAKES ADVANTAGE ( ?IS SITUATION TO C>RY ON HIS ADV5TURE4 ,GRIGOR'EV IS A TRAITOR TO ! REVOLUTION & AN 5EMY ( ! PEOPLE1 BUT ! ,BOL%EVIK-,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY IS NO LESS AN 5EMY ( LABOR4 ,) ITS IRRESPONSIBLE DICTATOR%IP ?IS ,P>TY HAS >\S$ 9 ! MASSES A HATR$ FROM :I* ,GRIGOR'EV B5EFITS TODAY1 & FROM :I* ANO!R ADV5TUR] WILL B5EFIT TOMORR[4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 :ILE UNMASK+ ,GRIGOR'EV'S TREASON TO ! CAUSE ( ! REVOLUTION1 WE MU/ CALL ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY TO ANSW] = ,GRIGOR'EV'S MOVEM5T4 

,WE AGA9 REM9D ! WORK+ PEOPLE ?AT !Y WILL LIB]ATE !MSELVES FROM OPPRESSION1 MIS]Y & VIOL5CE ONLY ?R\< !IR [N EF=TS4 ,NO *ANGE 9 P[] WILL HELP !M 9 ?IS4 ,ONLY BY MEANS ( !IR [N FREE WORK]-PEASANT ORGANIZATIONS CAN ! WORK]S REA* ! SUMMIT ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION -- COMPLETE FRE$OM & REAL EQUALITY4 ,DEA? & DE/RUCTION TO TRAITORS & 5EMIES ( ! PEOPLE6 ,D[N ) NATIONAL HATR$6 ,D[N ) PROVOCATEURS6 ,LONG LIVE ! SOLID>ITY ( ! WORK]S & PEASANTS6 ,LONG LIVE ! UNIV]SAL FREE WORK+ COMMUNE6  
  

,SIGN$3 

,/AFF ,C\NCIL ( ! ,MILIT>Y ,DIVISION KN[N AS ,BATKO ,MAKHNO'S4 ,MEMB]S ( ! ,C\NCIL3 ,BATKO ,MAKHNO1 ,A4 ,*UB5KO1 ,MIKHALEV-,PAVL5KO1 ,A4 ,OL'KHOVIK1 ,I4,M4 ,*U*KO1 ,E4 ,K>P5KO1 ,M4 ,PUZANOV1 ,V4 ,%>OVSKII1 ,P4 ,>%9OV1 ,B4 ,V]ETEL'NIKOV4 

,JO9$ BY3 

,MEMB]S ( ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C\NCIL ( ,DEPUTIES ( ,WORK]S1 ,PEASANTS & ,R$ ,GU>DS ( ! ,CITY ( ,ALEKS&ROVSK3 ,&RYU%*5KO1 ,PRESID5T ( ! ,EXECUTIVE ,C\NCIL ( ! ,DI/RICT2 ,%POTA1 ,HEAD ( ! ,ADM9I/RATIVE ,SECTION2 ,GAVRILOV1 ,MEMB]2 ,A4 ,BOND>'1 ,MEMB] ( ! ,CITY ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE & ,POLITICAL ,COMMISS>4  
  
  

,A L>GE NUMB] ( COPIES ( ?IS PROCLAMATION WAS DI/RIBUT$ AMONG ! PEASANTS & AT ! FRONT2 IT WAS ALSO PR9T$ 9 ! MA9 PUBLICATION ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ 9SURG5TS1 ,PUT' K ,SVOBODE1 AS WELL AS 9 ! AN>*I/ J\RNAL ,NABAT 7,AL>M74 

,GRIGOR'EV'S ADV5TURE SANK AS QUICKLY AS IT HAD RIS54 ,IT CAUS$ SEV]AL POGROMS ( ,JEWS1 AMONG :I* ONE1 9 ,ELISAVETGRAD1 WAS EXTREMELY WIDESPREAD4 ,AS A RESULT1 A L>GE NUMB] ( 9SURG5TS QUICKLY AB&ON$ ,GRIGOR'EV4 ,! PEASANTRY C\LD NOT SUPPORT HIM = LONG BECAUSE IT REALIZ$ H[ SUP]FICIAL HE WAS4 ,GRIGOR'EV RETA9$ ONLY A FEW ?\S& M52 !Y 5TR5*$ !MSELVES 9 ! DI/RICT ( ,ALEKS&RIYA 9 ! GOV]NM5T ( ,KH]SON4 ,NEV]!LESS ?IS ADV5TURE CAUS$ GREAT ANXIETY AMONG ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,BUT AS SOON AS !Y LE>N$ ! ATTITUDE ( ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE REGION1 !Y BREA!D FREELY & REGA9$ !IR ASSURANCE4 ,! ,SOVIET AU?ORITIES L\DLY ANN\NC$ ?AT ! ,MAKHNOVI/S HAD CONDEMN$ ,GRIGOR'EV'S REVOLT4 ,! ,SOVIETS S\<T TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/S' ATTITUDE 9 ORD] TO LAUN* A VA/ PROPAG&A CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ,GRIGOR'EV4 ,MAKHNO'S NAME WAS CIT$ CON/ANTLY BY ! ,SOVIET PRESS4 ,HIS TELEGRAMS W]E CONT9UALLY REPR9T$4 ,HE WAS PRAIS$ AS A REAL GU>DIAN ( ! WORK]S' & PEASANTS' REVOLUTION4 ,!Y EV5 S\<T TO FRI<T5 ,GRIGOR'EV BY MAK+ UP ! /ORY ?AT ,GRIGOR'EV WAS SURR\ND$ ON ALL SIDES BY ,MAKHNO'S TROOPS & W\LD EI!R BE IMPRISON$ OR COMPLETELY ANNIHILAT$ BY !M4 

,H[EV]1 ALL ?IS ADMIRATION ( ,MAKHNO WAS TWO-FAC$ & DID NOT LA/ LONG4 ,AS SOON AS ! DANG] FROM ,GRIGOR'EV DISAPPE>$1 ! PREVI\S PROPAG&A ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS AGA9/ ! ,MAKHNOVI/S RESUM$4 ,AT ?IS TIME ,TROTSKY >RIV$ 9 ! ,UKRA9E2 HE SET ! TONE ( ?IS PROPAG&A3 -- ! 9SURRECTION IS NO?+ BUT A MOVEM5T ( RI* KULAKS TRY+ TO E/ABLI% !IR P[] 9 ! C\NTRY2 ALL ! ,MAKHNOVI/ & AN>*I/ TALK AB\T ! /ATELESS WORK]S' COMMUNE IS M]ELY A TACTIC ( W>2 9 PRACTICE ! ,MAKHNOVI/S & ! AN>*I/S HOPE TO E/ABLI% !IR [N AN>*I/ P[] :I* IS ! P[] ( ! RI* KULAKS 7FROM ! NEWSPAP] ,V ,PUTI 7,ON ! ,ROAD71 ,NO4 #e#a1 ,TROTSKY'S >TICLE1 0,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A4074 ,TOGE!R ) ?IS DELIB]ATELY FALSE AGITATIONAL CAMPAIGN1 ! BLOCKADE ( ! REGION WAS C>RI$ TO ! LIMIT4 ,REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S FROM ! FUR!/ LOCALITIES ( ,RUSSIA -- FROM ,IVANOVO-,VOZNES5SK1 ,MOSC[1 ,PETROGRAD1 FROM ! ,VOLGA1 ! ,URALS & ,SIB]IA1 :O W]E ATTRACT$ TO ! REGION BY ITS 9DEP5D5CE & PRIDE1 W]E ABLE TO P5ETRATE ! BLOCKADE ONLY ) ! GREATE/ DIFFICULTY4 ,! PROVISION+ ( %ELLS1 C>TRIDGES & O!R 9DISP5SABLE EQUIPM5T :I* WAS US$ UP DAILY AT ! FRONT1 CEAS$ COMPLETELY4 ,TWO WEEKS E>LI]1 AT ! TIME ( ,GRIGOR'EV'S REVOLT1 ,GROSSMAN-,RO%*9 HAD COME TO ,GULYAI-,POLYE FROM ,KH>'KOV & HAD BE5 TOLD AB\T ! DIFFICULT SITUATION AT ! FRONT :I* RESULT$ FROM ! LACK ( %ELLS & C>TRIDGES4 ,RO%*9 ATT5TIVELY RECEIV$ ?IS 9=MATION & COMMITT$ HIMSELF TO DO HIS UTMO/ 9 ,KH>'KOV SO ?AT ! 9DISP5SABLE EQUIPM5T W\LD BE S5T TO ! FRONT IMM$IATELY4 ,BUT TWO WEEKS PASS$1 NO %IPM5T ( MUNITIONS >RIV$1 & ! SITUATION AT ! FRONT BECAME CATA/ROPHIC4 ,& ?IS AT A TIME :5 ,D5IK9'S TROOPS W]E BE+ RE9=C$ ON ?IS FRONT BY ! >RIVAL ( ,COSSACKS FROM ,KUBAN & CONT+5TS =M$ 9 ! ,CAUCASUS4 

,DID ! ,BOL%EVIKS REALIZE :AT !Y W]E DO+ & :AT RESULTS !IR L9E ( ACTION W\LD HAVE ON ! COMPLICAT$ ,UKRA9IAN SITUATION8 

,!Y OBVI\SLY REALIZ$ :AT !Y W]E DO+4 ,!Y HAD ADOPT$ ! TACTIC ( ! BLOCKADE = ! PURPOSE ( DE/ROY+1 ANNIHILAT+1 ! MILIT>Y P[] ( ! REGION4 ,IT IS EASI] TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ DIS>M$ ADV]S>IES ?AN AGA9/ >M$ ONES4 ,9SURG5TS )\T C>TRIDGES & FAC+ ,D5IK9'S SOLID FRONT W\LD BE EASI] TO SUBDUE ?AN ! SAME 9SURG5TS >M$ ) C>TRIDGES4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E NOT AT ALL AW>E ( ! SITUATION 9 ! 5TIRE ,DONETS REGION4 ,!Y DID NOT HAVE ANY NOTION ( ,D5IK9'S FRONT OR ( ,D5IK9'S =CES4 ,!Y W]E ALSO COMPLETELY IGNORANT ( ,D5IK9'S IMM$IATE PLANS4 ,YET L>GE & WELL TRA9$ CONT+5TS HAD BE5 =M$ 9 ! ,CAUCASUS1 9 ! ,DON REGION & 9 ! ,KUBAN1 ) ! AIM ( A G5]AL CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION4 ,! F\R-MON? LONG RESI/ANCE ( ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE 9SURG5TS HAD PREV5T$ ,D5IK9'S TROOPS FROM C>RY+ \T !IR NOR!RN (F5SIVE1 S9CE ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE 9SURG5TS CON/ITUT$ A P]MAN5T DANG] TO !IR LEFT FLANK4 ,ALL ! DESP]ATE ATTACKS ( ,G5]AL ,%KURO1 C>RI$ ON = F\R MON?S1 FAIL$ TO DECREASE ?IS DANG]4 ,?US ! ,:ITES PREP>$ !IR SECOND CAMPAIGN ) ALL ! MORE 5]GY2 ?IS CAMPAIGN BEGAN 9 ,MAY1 #a#i#a#i1 & ITS SCOPE SURPRIS$ EV5 ! ,MAKHNOVI/S4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS KNEW NO?+ ( ALL ?IS1 OR RA!R !Y DID NOT WANT TO KN[ ANY?+ AB\T IT1 BE+ PREOCCUPI$ ) ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A4 

,?US ! FREE REGION1 AS WELL AS ! RE/ ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ,UKRA9E1 W]E ?REAT5$ FROM TWO SIDES AT ONCE4 ,IT WAS !N ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL ( ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 9 VIEW ( ! GRAVITY ( ! SITUATION1 DECID$ TO CALL AN EXTRAORD9>Y CONGRESS ( PEASANTS1 WORK]S1 9SURG5TS & R$ SOLDI]S FROM SEV]AL REGIONS3 ,EKAT]9OSLAV1 ,KH>'KOV1 ,TAURIDE1 ,KH]SON & ! ,DONETS4 ,?IS CONGRESS WAS TO EXAM9E ! G5]AL SITUATION 9 VIEW ( ! MORTAL DANG] REPRES5T$ BY ,D5IK9'S C\NT]-REVOLUTION & 9 VIEW ( ! 9ABILITY ( ! ,SOVIET AU?ORITIES TO UND]TAKE ANY ACTION AT ALL TO AV]T ?IS DANG]4 ,! CONGRESS WAS TO DET]M9E ! IMM$IATE TASKS & ! PRACTICAL MEASURES TO BE TAK5 BY ! WORK]S TO REM$Y ?IS /ATE ( AFFAIRS4 

,H]E IS ! TEXT ( ! CALL TO ?IS CONGRESS ISSU$ BY ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL TO ! WORK]S ( ! ,UKRA9E3  
  

,C,O,N,V,O,C,A,T,I,O,N ,( ,! ,F,\,R,? ,E,X,T,R,A,O,R,D,9,>,Y ,C,O,N,G,R,E,S,S ,( ,W,O,R,K,],S'1 ,P,E,A,S,A,N,T,S'1 ,& ,9,S,U,R,G,5,T,S' ,D,E,L,E,G,A,T,E,S4 

,TELEGRAM ,NO4 #d#a#f4  
  

,TO ALL ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEES ( ! DI/RICTS1 T[NS & VILLAGES ( ! GOV]NM5TS ( ,EKAT]9OSLAV1 ,TAURIDE & NEI<BOR+ REGIONS2 TO ALL ! UNITS ( ! ,FIR/ ,9SURRECTION>Y ,DIVISION KN[N AS ,BATKO ,MAKHNO'S2 TO ALL ! TROOPS ( ! ,R$ ,>MY LOCAT$ 9 ! SAME REGION4 ,TO ALL6 ,TO ALL6  
  

,9 ITS SESSION ( ,MAY #c1 ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL1 AFT] HAV+ EXAM9$ ! SITUATION AT ! FRONT1 CREAT$ BY ! (F5SIVE ( ! ,:ITE B&S1 & ALSO ! SITUATION 9 G5]AL -- POLITICAL & ECONOMIC -- ( ! ,SOVIET P[]1 REA*$ ! CONCLUSION ?AT ONLY ! WORK+ MASSES !MSELVES C\LD F9D A SOLUTION1 & NOT 9DIVIDUALS OR P>TIES4 ,?AT IS :Y ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL ( ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE REGION HAS DECID$ TO CALL AN EXTRAORD9>Y CONGRESS = ,JUNE #a#e1 #a#i#a#i1 AT ,GULYAI-,POLYE4 ,ME?OD ( ,ELECTION3 #a7 ,! PEASANTS & WORK]S WILL S5D A DELEGATE = EA* ?REE ?\S& 9HABITANTS4 #b7 ,! 9SURG5TS & ,R$ SOLDI]S WILL DELEGATE A REPRES5TATIVE FROM EA* UNIT 7REGIM5T1 DIVISION1 ETC474 #c7 ,! /AFFS3 ,BATKO ,MAKHNO'S DIVISION1 TWO DELEGATES2 ! BRIGADES1 ONE DELEGATE FROM EA* BRIGADE /AFF4 #d7 ,! EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES ( ! DI/RICTS WILL S5D ONE DELEGATE FROM EA* FACTION4 #e7 ,! DI/RICT P>TY ORGANIZATIONS :I* ADH]E TO ! PROGRAM ( ! ,SOVIET REGIME WILL S5D ONE DELEGATE FROM EA* ORGANIZATION4 

,REM>KS3 A7 ! ELECTIONS ( DELEGATES ( PEASANTS & WORK]S WILL TAKE PLACE AT G5]AL ASSEMBLIES ( VILLAGES1 T[NS1 FACTORIES & WORK%OPS2 B7 SEP>ATE MEET+S ( MEMB]S ( SOVIETS & FACTORY COMMITTEES WILL NOT TAKE PLACE2 C7 S9CE ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL DOES NOT HAVE ! NECESS>Y MEANS1 ! DELEGATES %\LD COME PROVID$ ) FOOD & MONEY4 

,AG5DA3 A7 ,REPORT ( ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL & REPORTS ( ! DELEGATES2 B7 ! CURR5T SITUATION2 C7 ! ROLE1 TASKS & AIMS ( ! ,SOVIET ( ,PEASANTS'1 ,WORK]S'1 ,9SURG5TS'1 & ,R$ ,SOLDI]S' ,DELEGATES ( ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE ,REGION2 D7 REORGANIZATION ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL ( ! REGION2 E7 ORGANIZATION ( MILIT>Y ACTIVITY 9 ! REGION2 F7 ! PROBLEM ( FOOD SUPPLY2 G7 ! AGR>IAN PROBLEM2 H7 F9ANCIAL QUE/IONS2 I7 UNION ( WORK+ PEASANTS & WORK]S2 J7 PUBLIC SECURITY2 K7 EX]CISE ( JU/ICE 9 ! REGION2 ,I7 CURR5T MATT]S4  
  

,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL4 

,GULYAI-,POLYE1 ,MAY #c#a1 #a#i#a#i4  
  
  

,AS SOON AS ?IS CALL WAS S5T \T1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS BEGAN A MILIT>Y CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE REGION4 

,:ILE ! 9SURG5T TROOPS W]E M>*+ TO !IR DEA?1 RESI/+ ! FURI\S ASSAULT ( ,D5IK9'S ,COSSACKS1 ,BOL%EVIK REGIM5TS 9VAD$ ! 9SURG5T REGION FROM ! NOR?1 /RIK+ ! ,MAKHNOVI/S 9 ! RE>4 ,9VAD+ ! VILLAGES1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS SEIZ$ ! MILITANTS & EXECUT$ !M ON ! SPOT2 !Y DE/ROY$ ! FREE COMMUNES & SIMIL> ORGANIZATIONS4 ,TROTSKY1 :O >RIV$ 9 ! ,UKRA9E AT ?IS TIME1 PLAY$ A LEAD+ ROLE 9 ?IS ATTACK4 ,IT CAN EASILY BE IMAG9$ H[ HE FELT :5 HE GOT A GOOD VIEW ( A P]FECTLY 9DEP5D5T REGION1 :5 HE HE>D ! LANGUAGE ( PEOPLE :O LIV$ FREELY & DID NOT PAY ! SLI<TE/ ATT5TION TO ! NEW P[]1 :5 HE READ ! NEWSPAP]S ( !SE PEOPLE :O SPOKE ( HIM1 )\T FE> OR RESPECT1 AS NO?+ MORE ?AN A ,/ATE FUNCTION>Y4 ,TROTSKY1 :O WAS GO+ TO RID ,RUSSIA ( AN>*ISM ) AN 0IRON BROOM10 C\LD ONLY HAVE FELT ! FI]CE & BL9D HATR$ APPROPRIATE TO /ATI/S ( HIS TYPE4 ,?IS HATR$ P]VADES A :OLE S]IES ( ORD]S ISSU$ BY ,TROTSKY AGA9/ ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A4 

,) AN UNBELIEVABLE LACK ( CON/RA9T1 ,TROTSKY SET \T TO LIQUIDATE ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T4 

,FIR/ ( ALL1 HE ISSU$ ! FOLL[+ ORD] 9 RESPONSE TO ! CALL ( ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL3  
  

,O,R,D,] ,N,O4 #ahbd ,( ,! ,R,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N,>,Y ,M,I,L,I,T,>,Y ,C,\,N,C,I,L ,( ,! ,R,E,P,U,B,L,I,C4 

,K,H,>',K,O,V1 ,J,U,N,E #d1 #a#i#a#i4 

,TO ALL ,MILIT>Y ,COMMISS>S & TO ALL ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEES ( ! DI/RICTS ( ,ALEKS&ROVSK1 ,M>IUPOL'1 ,B]DYANSK1 ,BAKHMUT1 ,PAVLOGRAD & ,KH]SON4 

,! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 ) ! COLLABORATION ( ! /AFF ( ,MAKHNO'S BRIGADE1 IS TRY+ TO CALL1 = ! #a#e? ( ?IS MON?1 A CONGRESS ( ,SOVIETS & 9SURG5TS ( ! DI/RICTS ( ,ALEKS&ROVSK1 ,M>IUPOL'1 ,B]DYANSK1 ,MELITOPOL'1 ,BAKHMUT & ,PAVLOGRAD4 ,?IS CONGRESS IS SQU>ELY DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! ,SOVIET ,P[] 9 ! ,UKRA9E & AGA9/ ! ORGANIZATION ( ! S\!RN FRONT1 :]E ,MAKHNO'S BRIGADE IS /ATION$4 ,?IS CONGRESS CAN HAVE NO O!R RESULT ?AN TO EXCITE SOME NEW DISGRACEFUL REVOLT LIKE ?AT ( ,GRIGOR'EV1 & TO OP5 ! FRONT TO ! ,:ITES1 BE=E :OM ,MAKHNO'S BRIGADE CAN ONLY RETREAT 9CESSANTLY1 ON ACC\NT ( ! 9COMPET5CE1 CRIM9AL DESIGNS & TREASON ( ITS COMM&]S4 

#a4 ,BY ! PRES5T ORD] ?IS CONGRESS IS =BIDD51 & WILL 9 NO CASE BE ALL[$ TO TAKE PLACE4 

#b4 ,ALL ! PEASANT & WORK+ CLASS POPULATION %ALL BE W>N$1 ORALLY & 9 WRIT+1 ?AT P>TICIPATION 9 ! SAID CONGRESS %ALL BE CONSID]$ AN ACT ( HI< TREASON AGA9/ ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC & ! ,SOVIET FRONT4 

#c4 ,ALL ! DELEGATES TO ! SAID CONGRESS %ALL BE >RE/$ IMM$IATELY & BR\<T BE=E ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,TRIBUNAL ( ! #a#d?1 =M]LY #bND1 ,>MY ( ! ,UKRA9E4 

#d4 ,! P]SONS SPREAD+ ! CALL ( ,MAKHNO & ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE %ALL LIKEWISE BE >RE/$4 

#e4 ,! PRES5T ORD] %ALL HAVE ! =CE ( LAW AS SOON AS IT IS TELEGRAPH$4 ,IT %\LD BE WIDELY DI/RIBUT$1 DISPLAY$ 9 ALL PUBLIC PLACES1 & S5T TO ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES ( T[NS & VILLAGES1 AS WELL AS TO ALL ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ,SOVIET AU?ORITY1 & TO COMM&]S & COMMISS>S ( MILIT>Y UNITS4  
  

,TROTSKY1 ,PRESID5T ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL ( ! ,REPUBLIC2 

,VATSETIS1 ,COMM&] 9 ,*IEF2 

,>ALOV1 ,MEMB] ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL ( ! ,REPUBLIC2 

,KO%K>EV1 ,MILIT>Y ,COMMISS> ( ! ,KH>'KOV REGION4  
  
  

,?IS DOCUM5T IS TRULY CLASSIC4 ,:OEV] /UDIES ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION %\LD LE>N IT BY HE>T4 ,H[ F>SI<T$ & DISC]N+ HAD ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE REVOLUTION>Y PEASANTS BE5 TWO MON?S E>LI] :51 9 !IR FAM\S REPLY TO ,DYB5KO 7CIT$ E>LI]7 !Y VIRTUALLY =ESAW ?IS ORD]6 ,!Y HAD UNC]EMONI\SLY ASK$ ! ,BOL%EVIKS ! FOLL[+ QUE/IONS3 7P4 #a#c7 

0,CAN !RE EXI/ LAWS MADE BY A FEW PEOPLE :O CALL !MSELVES REVOLUTION>IES :I* P]MIT !M TO \TLAW A :OLE PEOPLE :O >E MORE REVOLUTION>Y ?AN !Y >E !MSELVES80 

,>TICLE #b ( ,TROTSKY'S ORD] REPLIES CLE>LY ?AT SU* LAWS CAN EXI/1 & ?AT ,ORD] ,NO4 #ahbd IS PRO( ( ?IS4 

0,DOES !RE EXI/ A LAW10 HAD ASK$ ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE 9SURG5TS1 0ACCORD+ TO :I* A REVOLUTION>Y HAS ! RI<T TO APPLY ! MO/ SEV]E P5ALTIES TO A REVOLUTION>Y MASS1 ( :I* HE CALLS HIMSELF ! DEF5D]1 SIMPLY BECAUSE ?IS MASS HAS TAK5 ! GOOD ?+S :I* ! REVOLUTION HAS PROMIS$ !M1 FRE$OM & EQUALITY1 )\T HIS P]MISSION80 

,! SAME ,>TICLE #b REPLIES 9 ! AFFIRMATIVE4 ,! 5TIRE PEASANT & LABOR+ POPULATION >E DECL>$ GUILTY ( HI< TREASON IF !Y D>E TO P>TICIPATE 9 !IR [N FREE CONGRESS4 

0,DO ! LAWS ( ! ,REVOLUTION ORD] ! %OOT+ ( A DELEGATE BECAUSE HE BELIEVES HE \<T TO C>RY \T ! M&ATE GIV5 HIM BY ! REVOLUTION>Y MASS :I* ELECT$ HIM80 

,>TICLES #c & #d ( ,TROTSKY'S ORD] DECL>E ?AT NOT ONLY DELEGATES C>RY+ \T !IR M&ATES1 BUT EV5 ?OSE :O HAVE NOT YET BEGUN TO C>RY !M \T1 %\LD BE >RE/$ & BR\<T BE=E ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,TRIBUNAL ( ! ,>MY2 :I* MEANS !Y >E TO BE %OT 7AS 9 FACT HAPP5$ TO ,KO/91 ,POLYN91 ,DOBROLYUBOV & O!RS :O W]E BR\<T BE=E ! MILIT>Y TRIBUNAL & %OT ON ! *>GE ( HAV+ DISCUSS$ ! CA,M ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL ( ,GULYAI-,POLYE74 

,?IS 5TIRE DOCUM5T REPRES5TS SU* A CRY+ USURPATION ( ! RI<TS ( ! WORK]S ?AT IT IS PO9TLESS TO COMM5T FUR!R ON IT 

,GUID$ BY 9/ITUTIONAL CLI*ES1 ,TROTSKY CONSID]$ ,MAKBNO ! CULPRIT :O WAS RESPONSIBLE = ALL ?AT HAPP5$ 9 ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 & = ALL ! MEASURES ?AT W]E TAK5 9 ! REGION4 ,HE HAD EV5 FAIL$ TO NOTICE ?AT ! ,CONGRESS HAD NOT BE5T CALL$ BY ! ,/AFF ( ,MAKHNO'S BRIGADE NOR BY ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 BUT BY AN ORGAN COMPLETELY 9DEP5D5T FROM !SE -- ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL ( ! ,REGION4 ,IT IS SIGNIFICANT ?AT 9 ?IS ORD] ,TROTSKY ALREADY H>P$ ON ! TREA*]Y ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ COMM&]S1 :OM HE ACCUS$ ( 0RETREAT+ 9CESSANTLY BE=E ! ,:ITES_/' ,A FEW DAYS LAT] ,TROTSKY & ! 5TIRE ,COMMUNI/ PRESS L\DLY PROCLAIM$ ?AT ! ,MAKHNOVI/S HAD OP5$ ! FRONT TO ,D5IK94 

,WE ALREADY KN[ ?AT ?IS FRONT HAD BE5 =M$ ONLY ?R\< ! EF=TS & SACRIFICES ( ! 9SURG5T PEASANTS !MSELVES4 ,IT WAS BORN AT A H]OIC MOM5T ( !IR HI/ORY -- AT ! MOM5T :5 ! REGION WAS LIB]AT$ FROM ALL =MS ( AU?ORITY4 ,! FRONT WAS E/ABLI%$ 9 ! S\!A/ AS A H]OIC S5T9EL & DEF5D] ( ! FRE$OM !Y HAD WON4 ,= MORE ?AN SIX MON?S ! REVOLUTION>Y 9SURG5TS MA9TA9$ AN UNBREAKABLE B>RI] AGA9/ ! MO/ VIGOR\S ASSAULTS ( ! MON>*I/ C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 SACRIFIC+ SEV]AL ?\S& ( !IR BE/ SONS4 ,!Y MOBILIZ$ ALL ! RES\RCES ( ! REGION & PREP>$ TO DEF5D !IR FRE$OM TO ! 5D1 BY RESI/+ ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION :I* WAS UNLEA%+ A G5]AL (F5SIVE4 ,! EXT5T TO :I* ! FRONT WAS HELD MA9LY BY ! 9SURG5TS -- DUR+ ! 5TIRE P]IOD -- IS %[N BY ,L4 ,KAM5EV'S TELEGRAM AB\T ,GRIGOR'EV'S REVOLT1 CIT$ E>LI]4 ,9 IT ?IS ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,PL5IPOT5TI>Y FROM ,MOSC[ HAD ASK$ ,MAKHNO TO TELL HIM AB\T ! DISPOSITION ( ! 9SURRECTION>Y TROOPS AT ! FRONT AGA9/ ,DPNIK94 ,HE OBVI\SLY ADDRESS$ SU* A QUE/ION TO ,MAKHNO ONLY BECAUSE 9 ,KH>'KOV1 :]E HE WAS AT ! TIME1 HE WAS UNABLE TO OBTA9 ?IS NECESS>Y 9=MATION FROM ! ,MILIT>Y ,COMMISS>IAT OR FROM ! ,COMM&] AT ! FRONT4 ,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT ,TROTSKY1 :O >RIV$ 9 ! ,UKRA9E :5 IT WAS BE+ ATTACK$ FROM SEV]AL SIDES BY ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 HAD EV5 LESS ( AN IDEA ( :AT WAS HAPP5+ AT ! S\!RN FRONT AGA9/ ,D5IK94 ,BUT ,TROTSKY NE$$ A =MAL JU/IFICATION = HIS CRIM9AL CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION>Y PEOPLE1 & IT WAS ) MON/R\S CYNICISM & UNIMAG9ABLE 9SOL5CE ?AT HE DECL>$ ! CONGRESS ( PEASANTS1 WORK]S & 9SURG5TS1 PROJECT$ = ,JUNE #a#e1 H>MFUL TO ! ORGANIZATION ( ! S\!RN FRONT4 ,?US IT W\LD APPE> ?AT ! PEASANTS & 9SURG5TS :O W]E DO+ EV]Y?+ 9 !IR P[] TO MA9TA9 ?IS FRONT1 :O HAD 9VIT$ ALL :O W]E CAPABLE ( C>RY+ >MS TO VOLUNT>ILY & IMM$IATELY 5LI/ 9 ! FRONT AGA9/ ,D5IK9 7,RESOLUTIONS ADOPT$ BY ! ,SECOND ,REGIONAL ,CONGRESS ( ,FEBRU>Y #a#b1 #a#i#a#i1 ON VOLUNT>Y & EGALIT>IAN #a-YE> MOBILIZATION7 -- IT W\LD APPE> ?AT !SE SAME PEASANTS & 9SURG5TS W]E ORGANIZ+ A CONSPIRACY AGA9/ !IR [N FRONT4 ,IT MI<T BE ?\<T ?AT SU* ASS]TIONS >E MADE BY M5TALLY D]ANG$ 9DIVIDUALS4 ,NO1 !Y >E ! ASS]TIONS ( 9DIVIDUALS :O >E SANE1 BUT :O >E ACCU/OM$ TO TREAT+ ! PEOPLE ) UNB\ND$ CYNICISM4 

,?IS ORD] ( ,TROTSKY'S WAS NOT COMMUNICAT$ BY ! ,SOVIET AU?ORITIES TO ! /AFF ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ >MY1 & ! ,MAKHNOVI/S ONLY HE>D ( IT BY *ANCE TWO OR ?REE DAYS LAT]4 ,MAKHNO IMM$IATELY S5T A TELEGRAM DECL>+ ?AT HE WANT$ TO GIVE UP HIS PO/ AS COMM&] 9 VIEW ( ! AWKW>D & IMPOSSIBLE SITUATION4 ,UN=TUNATELY WE DO NOT HAVE ! TEXT ( ?IS TELEGRAM4 

,TROTSKY'S ORD] ACQUIR$ ! =CE ( LAW BY TELEGRAM4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS SET \T TO EXECUTE EV]Y PO9T 9 ,TROTSKY'S ORD] 9 A MILIT>I/IC FA%ION4 ,WORK]S FROM ,ALEKS&ROVSK FACTORIES :O MET TO DISCUSS ! CALL ISSU$ BY ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL ( ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE REGION W]E DISP]S$ BY =CE & DECL>$ \TLAWS4 ,! PEASANTS W]E 4N00EAT5$ ) %OOT+ & HANG+4 ,9 V>I\S PLACES LR1DIVIDUALS-,KO/91 ,POLYN91 ,DOBROLYUBOV & O!RS -- W]E SEIZ$1 ACCUS$ ( HAV+ PUBLICIZ$ ! CALL ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL1 & W]E EXECUT$ AFT] A SUMM>Y TRIAL BY ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,TRIBUNAL4 ,?IS ORD] WAS FOLL[$ BY NUM]\S O!RS 9 :I* ,TROTSKY COMM&$ ! UNITS ( ! ,R$ ,>MY TO DE/ROY ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A BY EV]Y ME?OD & AT ITS V]Y S\RCE4 ,MOREOV]1 HE GAVE SECRET ORD]S TO CAPTURE1 AT ANY CO/1 NOT ONLY ,MAKHNO & ! MEMB]S ( HIS /AFF1 BUT EV5 ! PEACEFUL MILITANTS ( ! CULTURAL SECTION4 ,! 9/RUCTIONS W]E TO BR+ !M ALL BE=E ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,TRIBUNAL1 I4E41 TO EXECUTE !M4 

,ACCORD+ TO AN 9DIVIDUAL :O COMM&$ SEV]AL DIVISIONS ( ! ,R$ ,>MY1 & TO SEV]AL ,BOL%EVIK MILIT>Y LEAD]S :O HELD HI< PO/S1 ,TROTSKY =MULAT$ HIS RELATION%IP TO ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A 9 ! FOLL[+ T]MS3 IT W\LD BE BETT] TO YIELD ! :OLE ,UKRA9E TO ,D5IK9 ?AN TO P]MIT A FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A4 ,D5IK9'S MOVEM5T1 BE+ FRANKLY C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y1 CAN BE UND]M9$ LAT] BY MEANS ( CLASS PROPAG&A1 :]EAS ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A DEVELOPS 9 ! DEP?S ( ! MASSES & >\SES ! MASSES !MSELVES AGA9/ US444 

,A FEW DAYS BE=E !SE EV5TS1 ,MAKHNO REPORT$ TO ! /AFF & TO ! ,C\NCIL ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAD )DRAWN SOME ( !IR TROOPS 9 ! ,GRI%9O SECTOR1 & HAD ?US (F]$ ,D5IK9'S TROOPS FREE ACCESS TO ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE REGION FROM ! NOR!A/4 ,& 9 FACT1 HO>DS ( ,COSSACKS HAD OV]RUN ! REGION1 NOT ?R\< ! 9SURRECTION>Y FRONT BUT FROM ! LEFT FLANK :]E ! ,R$ ,>MY WAS /ATION$4 ,AS A RESULT1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/ >MY1 :I* HELD ! FRONT ON ! ,M>IUPOL' -- ,KUTE9IKOVO -- ,TAGANROG L9E1 WAS BYPASS$ BY ,D5IK9'S TROOPS1 :O 9VAD$ ! V]Y HE>T ( ! REGION ) 5ORM\S =CES4 

,WE SAID E>LI] ?AT ! PEASANTS ?R\<\T ! REGION ANTICIPAT$ A G5]AL ATTACK BY ,D5IK92 ?AT !Y W]E PREP>+ = IT ) A VOLUNT>Y T5-YE> MOBILIZATION4 ,ALREADY 9 ,APRIL PEASANTS 9 NUM]\S VILLAGES S5T L>GE NUMB]S ( NEW FI<T]S TO ,GULYAI-,POLYE4 ,BUT WEAPONS W]E LACK+ 9 ! REGION4 ,EV5 ! OLD] UNITS AT ! FRONT W]E \T ( C>TRIDGES & (T5 ATTACK$ ,D5IK9'S TROOPS SOLELY 9 ORD] TO OBTA9 !M4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS1 :O W]E OBLIG$ BY !IR TREATY TO PROVIDE SUPPLIES TO ! 9SURG5TS1 ALREADY 9 ,APRIL BEGAN !IR BLOCKADE & SABOTAGE4 ,?IS IS :Y1 9 SPITE ( ! >RIVAL ( VOLUNTE]S1 IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO ORGANIZE NEW UNITS 9 TIME1 & N[ ! REGION HAD TO PAY = ?IS4 

,9 A S+LE DAY ! PEASANTS ( ,GULYAI-,POLYE =M$ A REGIM5T TO TRY TO SAVE !IR VILLAGE4 ,!Y >M$ !MSELVES ) DOME/IC UT5SILS3 AXES1 PICKS1 OLD RIFLES1 %OTGUNS1 ETC4 ,!Y SET \T TO MEET ! ,COSSACKS ) ! AIM ( BREAK+ !IR ?RU/4 ,AB\T T5 MILES FROM ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 NE> ! VILLAGE ( ,SVYATODUKHOVKA 9 ! DI/RICT ( ,ALEKS&ROVSK1 !Y 5C\NT]$ A CONSID]ABLE NUMB] ( ,DON & ,KUBAN ,COSSACKS4 ,! ,GULYAI-,POLYE 9SURG5TS 5GAG$ 9 A H]OIC & MURD]\S BATTLE ) !M1 & W]E NE>LY ALL KILL$1 9CLUD+ !IR COMM&] ,B4 ,V]ETEL'NIKOV1 A WORK] FROM ! ,PUTILOV ,WORKS 9 ,PETROGRAD :O WAS BORN 9 ,GULYAI-,POLYE4 ,!N AN AVALAN*E ( ,COSSACKS SWOOP$ D[N ON ,GULYAI-,POLYE & OCCUPI$ IT ON ,JUNE #f1 #a#i#a#i4 ,MAKHNO1 ) ! >MY /AFF & A SMALL DETA*M5T ( TROOPS ) ONLY ONE BATT]Y1 RETREAT$ TO ! RAILWAY /ATION SITUAT$ AB\T FIVE MILES FROM ! VILLAGE1 BUT 9 ! EV5+ WAS =C$ TO AB&ON ! /ATION AS WELL4 ,REGR\P+ ALL ! =CES HE C\LD /ILL MU/]1 ,MAKHNO VIGOR\SLY C\NT]-ATTACK$ ! NEXT DAY & SUCCE$$ 9 DISLODG+ ! 5EMY FROM ,GULYAI-,POLYE4 ,H[EV]1 A NEW WAVE ( ,COSSACKS =C$ HIM TO AB&ON ! VILLAGE ONCE AGA94 

,IT %\LD BE PO9T$ \T ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 AL?\< !Y HAD DIRECT$ SEV]AL ORD]S AGA9/ ! ,MAKHNOVI/S1 FEIGN$ FRI5D%IP ) !M DUR+ ! FIR/ DAYS1 AS IF NO?+ HAD HAPP5$4 ,?IS WAS A TACTIC TO CAPTURE ! LEAD]S ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A4 ,ON ,JUNE #g !Y S5T ,MAKHNO AN >MOR$ TRA91 ASK+ HIM TO RESI/ TO ! 5D1 & !Y PROMIS$ O!R RE9=CEM5TS4 ,9 FACT1 TWO DAYS LAT]1 SEV]AL DETA*M5TS ( ,R$ ,>MY TROOPS >RIV$ AT ! /ATION ( ,GYAI*UR NE> ,*APL9O1 ?IRTE5 MILES FROM ,GULYAI-,POLYE4 ,) !M >RIV$ ! MILIT>Y ,COMMISS>S ,MEZHLAUK1 ,VORO%ILOV & O!RS4 ,CONTACTS W]E E/ABLI%$ BETWE5 ! ,R$ COMM& & ! 9SURG5TS2 A K9D ( JO9T /AFF WAS CREAT$4 ,MEZHLAUK & ,VORO%ILOV W]E ON ! SAME >MOR$ TRA9 ) ,MAKHNO1 & !Y DIRECT$ ! MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS TOGE!R ) HIM4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME ,VORO%ILOV HAD 9 HIS H& AN ORD] SIGN$ BY ,TROTSKY COMM&+ HIM TO CAPTURE ,MAKHNO & ALL ! O!R RESPONSIBLE LEAD]S ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A1 TO DIS>M ! 9SURG5T TROOPS1 & TO %OOT ANYONE :O RESI/$4 ,VORO%ILOV WAS ONLY WAIT+ = ! MO/ APPROPRIATE MOM5T4 ,MAKHNO WAS W>N$ 9 TIME1 & KNEW :AT HE HAD TO DO4 ,HE TOOK ACC\NT ( ! SITUATION1 SAW ?AT A BLOODY /RUGGLE C\LD BREAK \T AT ANY MOM5T1 & S\<T A SATISFACTORY WAY \T4 ,HE ?\<T IT W\LD BE BE/ = HIM TO AB&ON HIS PO/ AS COMM&] ( ! 9SURRECTION>Y >MY4 ,HE 9=M$ ! /AFF ( ! 9SURRECTION>Y >MY ( ?IS DECISION1 & ADD$ ?AT = ! TIME BE+ HIS WORK AS A SIMPLE FI<T] 9 ! RANKS ( _?IE 9SURG5TS W\LD BE MORE USEFUL UND] ! CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,?IS IS :AT HE DID4 ,HE S5T ! ,SOVIET HI< COMM& A WRITT5 EXPLANATORY /ATEM5T1 :I* FOLL[S3  
  

,TO ,VORO%ILOV1 ,/AFF ( ! #a#d? ,>MY4 ,TO ,TROTSKY1 ,PRESID5T ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL1 AT ,KH>'KOV4 ,TO S,L591 ,KAM5EV1 9 ,MOSC[4 

,AS A RESULT ( ,ORD] ,NO4 ,T,B#b#d ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL ( ! ,REPUBLIC1 ,I S5T ! ,/AFF ( ! #bND ,>MY & ,TROTSKY A TELEGRAM REQUE/+ ?AT ,I,I BE RELIEV$ ( ! PO/ ,I N[ OCCUPY4 ,I REPEAT MY REQUE/4 ,H]E >E ! REASONS :I* ,I BELIEVE %\LD JU/IFY IT4 4,AL?\< ,I HAVE MADE W> ) ! 9SURG5TS AGAIIM@&T ! ,:ITE B&S ( ,D5IK91 PREA*+ NO?+ TO ! PEOPLE O!R ?AN ! LOVE ( FRE$OM & SELF-ACTTIVITY1 ! 5TIRE (FICIAL ,SOVIET PRESS AS WELL AS ?AT ( -! ,COMMUNI/-,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY HAS SPREAD RUMORS ATTRIBUT+ TO ME ACTIONS :I* >E UNWOR?Y ( A REVOLUTION>Y4 ,!Y WI% TO 'MAKE ME SEEM A B&IT1 AN ACCOMPLICE ( ,GRIGOR'EV1 A CONSPIRATOR AGA9/ ! ,SOVIET ',REPUBLIC1 :OSE AIM IS TO REE/ABLI% CAPITALISM4 ,?US 9 AN >TICLE 5TITL$ 0,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A10 PUBLI%$ 9 ,V ,PUTI 7,ON ! ,ROAD7 ,NO4 #e#a1 ,TROTSKY POSES ! QUE/ION3 0,AGA9/ :OM DID ! ,MAKHNOVI/ 9SURG5TS >ISE80 & ?R\<\T HIS >TICLE HE OCCUPIES HIMSELF ) DEMON/RAT+ ?AT ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A IS NO?+ BUT A BATTLEFRONT AGA9/ ! P[] ( ! ,SOVIETS4 ,HE DOES NOT SAY A WORD AB\T ! REAL FRONT AGA9/ ! ,:ITES1 :I* IS MORE ?AN SEV5TY MILES LONG1 :]E ! 9SURG5TS HAVE BE5 SUFF]+ 5ORM\S LOSSES = ! LA/ SIX MON?S4 ,ORD] ,NO4 #ahbd CALLS ME A CONSPIRATOR AGA9/ ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC & ! ORGANIZ] ( A REVOLT LIKE ,GRIGOR'EV'S4 

,I CONSID] IT AN 9VIOLABLE RI<T ( ! WORK]S & PEASANTS1 A RI<T WON BY ! REVOLUTION1 TO CALL CONGRESSES ON !IR [N ACC\NT1 TO DISCUSS !IR AFFAIRS4 ,?AT IS :Y ! PROHIBITION BY ! C5TRAL AU?ORITIES ON ! CALL+ ( SU* CONGRESSES1 & ! DECL>ATION PROCLAIM+ !M ILLEGAL 7,ORD] ,NO4 #a#h#b#d71 REPRES5T A DIRECT & 9SOL5T VIOLATION ( ! RI<TS ( ! WORK]S4 

,I UND]/& P]FECTLY ! ATTITUDE ( ! C5TRAL AU?ORITIES ) REG>D TO ME4 ,I AM ABSOLUTELY CONV9C$ ?AT !SE AU?ORITIES CONSID] ! 9SURRECTION>Y MOVEM5T 9COMPATIBLE ) !IR /ATI/ ACTIVITY4 ,AT ! SAME TIME !Y BELIEVE ?AT ?IS MOVEM5T IS CLOSELY TI$ TO ME P]SONALLY & !Y HONOR ME ) ALL ! RES5TM5T & HATR$ !Y FEEL = ! :OLE 9SURRECTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,NO?+ C\LD DEMON/RATE ?IS BETT] ?AN ! >TICLE BY ,TROTSKY M5TION$ ABOVE1 9 :I*1 DELIB]ATELY ACCUMULAT+ LIES & SL&]S1 HE GIVES EVID5CE ( P]SONAL ANIMOSITY T[>DS ME4 

,?IS HO/ILE ATTITUDE-:I* N[ BECOMES AGGRESSIVE -- ( ! C5TRAL AU?ORITIES T[>D ! 9SURRECTION>Y MOVEM5T LEADS UNAVOIDABLY TO ! CREATION ( A SPECIAL 9T]NAL FRONT1 ON BO? SIDES ( :I* >E ! WORK+ MASSES :O HAVE FAI? 9 ! REVOLUTION4 ,I CONSID] ?IS CIRCUM/ANCE AN IMM5SE1 UMP>DONABLE CRIME AGA9/ ! WORK]S & ,I BELIEVE IT MY DUTY TO DO :AT ,I CAN TO AV]T IT4 ,! MO/ EFFECTIVE MEANS ( PREV5T+ ! C5TRAL AU?ORITIES FROM COMMITT+ ?IS CRIME IS1 9 MY OP9ION21 EVID5T4 ,I MU/ LEAVE ! PO/ ,I OCCUPY4 ,I PRESUME ?AT1 HAV+ DONE ?IS1 ,I & ! REVOLUTION>Y 9SURG5TS WILL CEASE TO BE SUSPECT$ ( 5GAG+ 9 ANTI-,SOVIET CONSPIRACIES BY ! C5TRAL AU?ORITIES1 & ! LATT] WILL COME TO CONSID] ! 9SURRECTION 9 ! ,UKRA9E AN IMPORTANT PH5OM5ON1 A LIV+1 ACTIVE MANIFE/ATION ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION ( ! MASSES1 & NOT A HO/ILE MOVEM5T ) :I* !Y CAN ONLY HAVE1 AS !Y HAVE %[N UP TO N[1 RELATIONS ( DI/RU/ & DECEPTION1 GO+ AS F> AS TO HAGGLE OV] EV]Y CASE ( MUNITIONS & EV5 SABOTAG+ NECESS>Y SUPPLIES1 :I* HAS CAUS$ ! 9SURG5TS 9NUM]ABLE LOSSES 9 M5 & T]RITORY WON BY ! REVOLUTION1 LOSSES :I* W\LD EASILY HAVE BE5 AVOID$ IF ! C5TRAL AU?ORITIES HAD ADOPT$ ANO!R ATTITUDE4 ,I REQUE/ ?AT ,I BE RELIEV$ ( MY PO/ & MY DUTIES4  
  

,GYAI*UR ,/ATION1 

,JUNE #i1 #a#i#a#i4 

,BATKO ,MAKHNO4  
  
  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,AT ?IS TIME ! 9SURG5T DETA*M5TS /ATION$ NE> ,M>IUPOL' RETREAT$ TO ,POLOGI & ,ALEKS&ROVSK4 ,MAKHNO0 UNEXPECT$LY JO9$ !M1 SAV+ HIMSELF FROM ! TRAP :I* ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAD SET = HIM AT ,GYAI*UR4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS IMM$IATELY SEIZ$ & EXECUT$ ,OZ]OV1 ,*IEF ( ,/AFF ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,>MY1 /AFF MEMB]S ,MIKHALEV-,PAVL5KO & ,BURBYGA1 AS WELL AS SEV]AL MEMB]S ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL4 ,?IS WAS ! SIGNAL = ! EXECUTION ( NUM]\S O!R ,MAKHNOVI/S :O FELL 9TO ! H&S ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS AT ?IS TIME4 

,MAKHNO'S SITUATION BECAME 9CREAS+LY UNT5ABLE4 ,HE EI!R HAD TO COMPLETELY AB&ON HIS DETA*M5TS1 ) :OM HE HAD LIV$ ?R\< ! MO/ DIFFICULT MOM5TS ( ! ,UKRA9IAN REVOLUTION1 OR ELSE CALL !M TO A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,BUT ! SECOND C\RSE WAS IMPOSSIBLE BECAUSE ( ,D5IK9'S P[]FUL (F5SIVE4 ,) HIS USUAL F>SI<T$NESS & REVOLUTION>Y S5SITIVITY1 ,MAKHNO F\ND A WAY \T ( ?IS PR$ICAM5T4 ,HE TURN$ TO ! 9SURRECTION>Y >MY ) AN EXPLANATORY PROCLAMATION 9 :I* HE DESCRIB$ ! NEW SITUATION1 EXPLA9+ ?AT HE HAD TO LEAVE HIS PO/ AS COMM&] = ! TIME BE+1 & CALL+ ON !"9 9SURG5TS TO CONT9UE FI<T+ ) ! SAME 5]GY AGA9/ ,D5IK9'S TROOPS )\T BE+ DI/URB$ BY ! FACT ?AT !Y W\LD TEMPOR>ILY BE UND] ! COMM& ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,/AFF4 

,9 ANSW] TO ?IS APPEAL ! MAJORITY ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ UNITS REMA9$ :]E !Y W]E1 ACCEPT+ ! ,R$ COMM& & !IR 9CORPORATION 9TO ! ,BOL%EVIK ,>MY4 

,BUT AT ! SAME TIME ! COMM&]S ( 9SURRECTION>Y DETA*M5TS AGRE$ TO WAIT = ! OPPORTUNE MOM5T TO REUNITE !MSELVES UND] ,MAKHNO'S COMM&1 SO LONG AS ?IS ACT DID NOT 5DANG] ! EXT]NAL FRONT4 7,AS WE WILL SEE BEL[1 ?IS MOM5T WAS *OS5 BY ! 9SURG5TS ) AMAZ+ =ESI<T & ACCURACY47 

,AFT] ?IS1 ,MAKHNO DISAPPE>$ ) A SMALL CAVALRY DETA*M5T4 

,! 9SURG5T REGIM5TS1 TRANS=M$ 9TO ,R$ UNITS & REMA9+ UND] !IR REGUL> COMM&]S -- ,KALA%NIKOV1 ,KURIL5KO1 ,KLE91 ,D]M5DZHI & O!RS -- CONT9U$ TO HOLD (F ,D5IK9'S TROOPS1 PREV5T+ !M FROM TAK+ ,ALEK-S&ROVSK & ,EKAT]9OSLAV4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,UNTIL ! LA/ MOM5T ! ,BOL%EVIK HI< (FICIALS W]E NOT AW>E ( ! TRUE PROPORTIONS ( ,D5IK9'S 9VASION4 ,ONLY A FEW DAYS BE=E ! FALL ( ,EKAT]9OSLAV & ,KH>'KOV1 ,TROTSKY DECL>$ ?AT ,D5IK9 DID NOT REPRES5T A S]I\S ?REAT1 & ?AT ! ,UKRA9E WAS NOT AT ALL 9 DANG]4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ! FOLL[+ DAY1 ON ! BASIS ( NEW 9=MATION1 HE WAS =C$ TO RETRACT HIS PREVI\S ASS]TIONS & TO RECOGNIZE ?AT ,KH>'KOV WAS S]I\SLY ?REAT5$4 ,BUT HE ONLY ADMITT$ ?IS AFT] IT WAS ALREADY OBVI\S TO EV]YONE ?AT ! 5TIRE ,UKRA9E WAS ?REAT5$4 ,EKAT]9OSLAV FELL AT ! 5D ( ,JUNE1 & ,KH>'KOV FELL TWO WEEKS LAT]4 

,! ,BOL%EVIKS DID NOT TRY TO REGA9 ! (F5SIVE OR EV5 TO ORGANIZE A DEF5SE2 !Y HURRI$LY EVACUAT$ ! ,UKRA9E4 ,ALL ! ,R$ ,>MY UNITS W]E 9VOLV$ 9 ?IS OP]ATION4 ,! 5TIRE ,UKRA9E WAS DELIV]$ TO ! REACTION LIT]ALLY )\T A BL[ BE+ /RUCK4 

,IT WAS !N1 :5 IT BECAME CLE> TO EV]YONE ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E AB&ON+ ! ,UKRA9E & W]E CONC]N$ ONLY ) TAK+ ) !M AS MANY M5 & AS MU* ROLL+ /OCK AS POSSIBLE1 ?AT ,MAKHNO DECID$ ?AT ! TIME HAD COME TO ONCE AGA9 TAKE UP ! 9ITIATIVE 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 & TO ACT AS AN 9DEP5D5T REVOLUTION>Y =CE AGA9/ BO? ,D5IK9 & ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,! WORD WAS GIV5 TO ! 9SURG5T DETA*M5TS :O HAD TEMPOR>ILY BE5 UND] ! COMM& ( ! ,R$ ,>MY TO RID !MSELVES ( ! ,R$ COMM&]S & TO REGR\P UND] ,MAKHNO'S G5]AL COMM&4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aibb 3 ,*APT] #f -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,SEPTEMB] #a#h1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #f -- ,ADD$4 

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