,9TRODUCTION #aibcaibc ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,>%9OV ,TEXT 3 ,! PRES5T WORK IS ! FIR/ ,5GLI% TRANSLATION ( ,PET] ,>%9OV'S ,I/ORIYA ,MAKHNOVSKOGO ,DVIZH5IYA1 ORIG9ALLY PUBLI%$ 9 #aibc BY ! 0,GRUPPA ,RUSSKIKH ,AN>KHI/OV V ,G]MANII0 7,GR\P ( ,RUSSIAN ,AN>*I/S 9 ,G]MANY7 9 ,B]L94 ,IT WAS TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,5GLI% BY ,LORRA9E & ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN4 ,! ,5GLI% TRANSLATION FOLL[S ! ,RUSSIAN ORIG9AL V]Y CLOSELY1 EXCEPT 9 9/ANCES :5 ! TRANSLATORS C\LD NOT F9D SUITABLE ,5GLI% EQUIVAL5TS = ,RUSSIAN WORDS4 ,! WORDS KULAK 7WEAL?Y PEASANT71 POME%*IKI 7L&LORDS1 OR G5TRY71 & ,*EKA 7,* ,K1 ! 9ITIALS ( 0,EXTRAORD9>Y ,COMMISSION10 ! ,BOL%EVIK SECRET SECURITY POLICE7 W]E 9 G5]AL NOT TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,5GLI%1 S9CE !Y REF] TO V]Y SPECIFIC ,RUSSIAN PH5OM5A :I* W\LD BE ]RONE\SLY ID5TIFI$ ) V]Y DIFF]5T PH5OM5A BY AVAILABLE ,5GLI% T]MS4 ,! ,RUSSIAN T]RITORIAL DIVISION1 GUB]NIYA1 WAS TRANSLAT$ AS 0GOV]NM5T0 7& NOT 0PROV9CE0 OR 0DEP>TM5T07 = SIMIL> REASONS4 ,! ,RUSSIAN WORD RABO*II REF]S TO WORK]S 9 ! N>R[] S5SE 79DU/RIAL WORK]S OR FACTORY WORK]S7 & WAS CONSI/5TLY TRANSLAT$ AS 0WORK]S40 ,H[EV]1 ! ,RUSSIAN WORD TRUDYA%*IISYA IS MORE 9CLUSIVE & REF]S TO ALL PEOPLE :O WORK4 ,9 ! PRES5T TRANSLATION1 ! T]M US$ = 0ALL ?OSE :O WORK0 IS 0WORK+ PEOPLE10 & 9 PASSAGES :]E ! COMPOSITE T]M W\LD HAVE MADE ! S5T5CE AWKW>D1 0WORK]S0 WAS US$ 79/EAD ( 0TOIL]S10 0LABOR]S10 OR 0WORK+ MASSES10 :I* HAVE OCCASIONALLY BE5 US$ BY TRANSLATORS :O ATTEMPT$ TO MA9TA9 ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! TWO ,RUSSIAN WORDS74 ,! TRANSLIT]ATION ( ,RUSSIAN WORDS 9TO ,5GLI% FOLL[S G5]ALLY ACCEPT$ CONV5TIONS1 ?\< NOT ) ABSOLUTE CONSI/5CY4 ,COMMON FIR/ NAMES >E GIV5 9 ,5GLI%4 ,! NAMES ( WELL-KN[N CITIES & REGIONS >E SPELL$ ! WAY !Y APPE> ON MO/ MAPS4 ,9 ONE 9/ANCE1 ! G5]ALLY-APPLI$ CONV5TIONS ( TRANSLIT]ATION W]E MODIFI$ = ! SAKE ( PRONUNCIATION3 ,GULYAI-,POLE 7PRON\NC$ GOOL-YAI POL-YE7 IS H]E SPELL$ ,GULYAI-,POLYE4 ,9 ADDITION TO ,VOL9E'S ,PREFACE1 ! MAP ( ! 9SURG5T REGION & ! PORTAIT ( ,MAKHNO1 ALL ( :I* APPE> 9 ! PRES5T $ITION1 ! ORIG9AL $ITION ALSO CONTA9$ AN ,APP5DIX ) A 0,PROTE/0 BY AN>*I/S & SYNDICALI/S AGA9/ ,MAKHNO'S >RE/ & IMPRISONM5T 9 ,POL& ON A FALSE *>GE4 ,MAKHNO WAS RELEAS$ SOON AFT] ,>%9OV'S BOOK APPE>$1 & ! 0,PROTE/0 IS NOT 9CLUD$ 9 ! PRES5T $ITION4 ,! ,APP5DIX TO ! PRES5T $ITION CONTA9S DOCUM5TS ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T3 ELEV5 PROCLAMATIONS ISSU$ BY ! ,MAKHNOVI/ 9SURG5T >MY4 ,!SE PROCLAMATIONS W]E TRANSLAT$ FROM ,RUSSIAN BY ,ANN ,ALL54 ,! PEOPLE :O TOOK P>T 9 ! PUBLICATION ( ! PRES5T WORK >E NEI!R PUBLI%]S :O 9VE/$ CAPITAL 9 ORD] TO PR(IT FROM ! SALE ( A COMMODITY ON ! BOOK M>KET1 NOR WAGE WORK]S :O PRODUC$ A COMMODITY 9 ORD] TO BE PAID = !IR TIME4 ,EV]Y PHASE ( ! WORK -- FROM ! TRANSLATION & $IT+ ( ! MANUSCRIPT1 TO ! TYPESETT+ & PR9T+ ( ! BOOK -- WAS C>RI$ \T BY 9DIVIDUALS :O W]E MOV$ BY ,>%9OV'S ACC\NT1 & :O W]E WILL+ TO DO ! NECESS>Y WORK 9 ORD] TO %>E ?IS IMPORTANT & VIRTUALLY UNKN[N BOOK ) A L>G] NUMB] ( READ]S4 ,VOL9E'S ,PREFACE4 ,AS ! READ] APPROA*ES ?IS BOOK HE WILL FIR/ ( ALL WANT TO KN[ :AT K9D ( WORK ?IS IS3 IS IT A S]I\S & CONSCI5TI\S ANALYSIS1 OR A FANTA/IC & IRRESPONSIBLE FABRICATION8 ,CAN ! READ] HAVE CONFID5CE 9 ! AU?OR1 AT LEA/ ) RESPECT TO ! EV5TS1 ! FACTS & ! MAT]IALS8 ,IS ! AU?OR SUFFICI5TLY IMP>TIAL1 OR DOES HE DI/ORT ! TRU? 9 ORD] TO JU/IFY HIS [N IDEAS & REFUTE ?OSE ( HIS OPPON5TS8 ,!SE >E NOT IRRELEVANT QUE/IONS4 ,IT IS IMPORTANT TO EXAM9E ! DOCUM5TS ON ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T ) GREAT DISCRETION4 ,! READ] WILL UND]/& ?IS IF HE CONSID]S SOME ( ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A.<#a.> -- AN EV5T ( EXTRAORD9>Y BREAD?1 GR&EUR & IMPORTANCE1 :I* UNFOLD$ ) EXCEPTIONAL =CE & PLAY$ A COLOSSAL & EXTREMELY COMPLICAT$ ROLE 9 ! DE/9Y ( ! REVOLUTION1 UND]GO+ A TITANIC /RUGGLE AGA9/ ALL TYPES ( REACTION1 MORE ?AN ONCE SAV+ ! REVOLUTION FROM DISA/]1 EXTREMELY RI* 9 VIVID & COLORFUL EPISODES -- HAS ATTRACT$ WIDESPREAD 9T]E/ NOT ONLY 9 ,RUSSIA BUT ALSO ABROAD4 ,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A HAS GIV5 RISE TO ! MO/ DIV]SE FEEL+S 9 REACTION>Y AS WELL AS REVOLUTION>Y CIRCLES3 FROM FEEL+S ( FI]CE HATR$ & HO/ILITY1 ( A/ONI%M5T1 DI/RU/ & SUSPICION1 ALL ! WAY TO PR(\ND SYMPA?Y & ADMIRATION4 ,! MONOPOLIZATION ( ! REVOLUTION BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ! 0,SOVIET0 P[] =C$ ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A1 AFT] LONG HESITATION1 TO EMB>K ON A /RUGGLE -- AS BITT] AS ITS /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! REACTION -- DUR+ :I* IT 9FLICT$ ON ! ,P>TY & ! C5TRAL P[] A S]IES ( PALPABLE PHYSICAL & MORAL BL[S4 ,& F9ALLY1 ! P]SONALITY ( ,MAKHNO HIMSELF -- AS COMPLEX1 VIVID & P[]FUL AS ! MOVEM5T ITSELF -- HAS ATTRACT$ G5]AL ATT5TION1 >\S+ SIMPLE CURIOSITY OR SURPRISE AMONG SOME1 WITLESS 9DIGNATION OR ?\E !IR KN[L$GE BY ELUCIDAT+ ! SUBJECT & BY PLAC+ ACCURATE MAT]IALS AT ! DISPOSAL ( FUTURE HI/ORIANS4 ,SOME ( !M >E DRIV5 BY POLITICAL CONSID]ATIONS -- ! NE$ TO JU/IFY & /R5G!N !IR POSITIONS1 DEGRAD+ & SL&]+ AN 9IMICAL MOVEM5T & ITS LEAD+ FIGURES4 ,O!RS CONSID] IT !IR DUTY TO ATTACK A PH5OM5ON :I* FRIE TEMPT$ BY ! PROSPECT ( E>N+ SOME MONEY BY WRIT+ A NOVEL4 ,YET O!RS1 F9ALLY1 >E SIMPLY SEIZ$ BY A J\RNALI/IC MANIA4 ,?US 0MAT]IAL0 ACCUMULATES :I* CAN ONLY CREATE B\NDLESS CONFUSION1 MAK+ IT IMPOSSIBLE = ! READ] TO SORT \T ! TRU?4.<#b.> ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T1 9 SPITE ( ITS SCOPE1 WAS =C$ BY A S]IES ( CIRCUM/ANCES TO DEVELOP 9 AN ATMOSPH]E ( SECLUSION & ISOLATION4 ,BE+ A MOVEM5T COMPOS$ EXCLUSIVELY ( ! L[E/ /RATUM ( ! POPULATION1 BE+ A /RANG] TO ALL O/5TATION1 FAME1 DOM9ATION OR GLORY2 ORIG9AT+ AT ! \TSKIRTS ( ,RUSSIA1 F> FROM ! MAJOR C5T]S2 UNFOLD+ 9 A LIMIT$ REGION2 ISOLAT$ NOT ONLY FROM ! RE/ ( ! WORLD BUT EV5 FROM O!R P>TS ( ,RUSSIA1 ! MOVEM5T -- ITS FUNDAM5TAL & PR(\ND *>ACT]I/ICS -- WAS ALMO/ UNKN[N \TSIDE ( ITS [N REGION4 ,DEVELOP+ 9 CONDITIONS ( 9CR$IBLY DIFFICULT & T5SE W>F>E1 SURR\ND$ BY 5EMIES ON ALL SIDES1 & HAV+ ALMO/ NO FRI5DS \TSIDE ! WORK+ CLASS1 M]CILESSLY ATTACK$ BY ! GOV]N+ P>TY & SMO!R$ BY ! BLOODY & DEAF5+ D9 ( IT8/ATI/ ACTIVITY1 LOS+ AT LEA/ #i.0 ( ITS BE/ & MO/ ACTIVE P>TICIPANTS1 HAV+ NEI!R ! TIME1 NOR ! POSSIBILITY1 NOR EV5 A P>TICUL> NE$ TO WRITE D[N1 COLLECT & PRES]VE = PO/]ITY ITS ACTS1 WORDS & ?\*]4 ,IT IS NOT EASY TO GRASP ITS ESS5CE4 ,JU/ AS ?\S&S ( HUMBLE 9DIVIDUAL H]OES ( REVOLUTION>Y EPO*S REMA9 =EV] UNKN[N1 ! H]OIC EPIC ( ! ,UKRA9IAN WORK]S ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T HAS REMA9$ ALMO/ COMPLETELY UNKN[N4 ,UNTIL TODAY ! TREASURE ( FACTS & DOCUM5TS ( ?IS EPIC HAS BE5 COMPLETELY IGNOR$4 ,& IF SOME ( ?OSE :O TOOK P>T 9 ! MOVEM5T1 :O >E ?OR\ ) IT & >E ALSO ABLE TO REPORT ! TRU? AB\T IT1 HAD NOT BY *ANCE REMA9$ ALIVE1 IT MIY1 FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+1 TO HELP ! READ] SEP>ATE ! :EAT FROM ! *AFF4 ,?IS IS :Y IT IS IMPORTANT = ! READ] TO E/ABLI% FROM ! />T :E!R OR NOT TO CONSID] ?IS WORK A PURE & HEAL?Y S\RCE4 ,?IS IS :Y QUE/IONS AB\T ! AU?OR & ! *>ACT] ( HIS WORK >E P>TICUL>LY IMPORTANT 9 ?IS CASE4 ,I HAVE TAK5 IT UPON MYSELF TO WRITE A PREFACE = ?IS BOOK TO ?R[ LITICIPANTS ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T1 & ?US POSSESS SUFFICI5T KN[L$GE ( ! MOVEM5T1 ( ! AU?OR1 & F9ALLY ( ! CONDITIONS 9 :I* ?IS BOOK WAS CONCEIV$4 "9 "9 "9 ,FIR/ ,I WILL ALL[ MYSELF A SMALL DIGRESSION4 ,I C\LD BE ASK$ 7&1 9 FACT1 AM FREQU5TLY ASK$7 :Y ,I DON'T WRITE AB\T ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T MYSELF4 ,= MANY REASONS4 ,I CAN M5TION SEV]AL ( !M4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE TO SET \T ON ! TASK ( DESCRIB+ & CL>IFY+ ! EV5TS ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T ONLY ON ! BASIS ( A ?OR\< & PRECISE KN[L$GE ( ! FACTS4 ,! !ME REQUIRES PROTRACT$1 9T5SIVE & PA9/AK+ WORK4 ,BUT SU* WORK HAS BE5 IMPOSSIBLE = ME1 = NUM]\S REASONS4 ,?IS IS ! FIR/ REASON :Y ,I CONSID]$ IT NECESS>Y TO REFRA9 FROM DEAL+ ) ?IS TOPIC N[4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/ EPIC IS TOO S]I\S1 L(TY & TRAGIC1 TOO HEAVILY DR5*$ ) ! BLOOD ( ITS P>TICIPANTS1 TOO PR(\ND1 COMPLICAT$ & ORIG9AL1 TO BE DESCRIB$ & JUDG$ 0LII\S 9DIVIDUALS4 ,TO DESCRIBE ! MOVEM5T BY MEANS ( DOCUM5TS IS NOT \R PROJECT EI!R1 S9CE DOCUM5TS BY !MSELVES >E DEAD ?+S & CAN NEV] FULLY EXPRESS LIV$ EXP]I5CE4 ,TO WRITE ON ! BASIS ( DOCUM5TS WILL BE ! TASK ( FUTURE HI/ORIANS1 :O WILL HAVE NO O!R MAT]IALS AT !IR DISPOSAL4 ,A CONTEMPOR>Y MU/ BE MU* MORE DEM&+ & SEV]E T[>D HIS WORK & T[>D HIMSELF1 S9CE IT IS PRECISELY ON HIM ?AT HI/ORY WILL TO A GREAT EXT5T DEP5D4 ,A CONTEMPOR>Y MU/ AVOID JUDGM5TS & /ORIES AB\T IMPORTANT EV5TS UNLESS HE HAS P]SONALLY P>TICIPAT$ 9 !M4 ,NOR IS IT ! TASK ( A CONTEMPOR>Y TO P\NCE ON ! N>RATIVES & DOCUM5TS ) ! AIM ( 0MAK+ HI/ORY10 BUT RA!R TO SET D[N HIS P]SONAL EXP]I5CE4 ,IF ?IS IS NOT DONE1 ! WRIT] WILL RISK OBSCUR+ OR1 WORSE YET1 CORRUPT+ ! V]Y ESS5CE1 ! LIV+ S\L ( ! EV5TS1 MISLEAD+1 ! READ] & ! HI/ORIAN4 ,P]SONAL EXP]I5CE1 TO BE SURE1 IS NOT EXEMPT$ FROM ]RORS & 9ACCURACIES4 ,BUT 9 ! PRES5T CASE ?IS IS NOT IMPORTANT4 ,AN AU!NTIC & VIVID PICTURE ( ! ESS5CE ( ! EV5TS WILL HAVE BE5 DRAWN -- :I* IS :AT IS MO/ IMPORTANT4 ,COMP>+ ?IS PICTURE ) DOCUM5TS & O!R DATA WILL MAKE IT EASY TO LOCATE M9OR ]RORS4 ,?IS IS :Y ! ACC\NT ( A P>TICIPANT OR A WITNESS IS P>TICUL>LY IMPORTANT4 ,! MORE COMPLETE & PR(\ND ! P]SONAL EXP]I5CE1 ! MORE IMPORTANT & URG5T SU* A WORK IS4 ,IF1 9 ADDITION1 ! P>TICIPANT HIMSELF HAS DOCUM5TS AS WELL AS ACC\NTS ( O!R P>TICIPANTS1 HIS N>RATIVE ACQUIRES A RELEVANCE ( ! FIR/ ORD]4 ,I WILL WRITE AB\T ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A AT A LAT] TIME1 9 MY [N WAY4 ,BUT ,I CANNOT WRITE A COMPLETE HI/ORY ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T PRECISELY BECAUSE ,I DO NOT PRET5D TO HAVE A FULL1 DETAIL$ & ?OR\< KN[L$GE ( ! SUBJECT4 ,I TOOK P>T 9 ! MOVEM5T = AB\T HALF A YE>1 FROM ,AUGU/ #aiai TO ,JANU>Y #aib -- 9 O!R WORDS1 ,I H>DLY OBS]V$ IT 9 ITS 5TIRETY4 ,I MET ,MAKHNO = ! FIR/ TIME 9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#a#i4 ,I COMPLETELY LO/ SIY #a#i#b1 :5 ,I WAS >RE/$2 ,I WAS 9 CONTACT ) BO? = ONLY TWO WEEKS 9 ,NOVEMB] ( ! SAME YE>1 AT ! TIME ( ,MAKHNO'S TREATY ) ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T4 ,AFT] ?AT ,I AGA9 LO/ SI MORE CAPABLE ?AN ,I AM 9 ?IS RESPECT4 ,! P]SON ,I REF] TO IS ! AU?OR ( ! PRES5T WORK4 ,I KNEW ( HIS UNCEAS+ ACTIVITY 9 ! MOVEM5T4 ,9 #aiai WE WORK$ !RE TOGE!R4 ,I ALSO KNEW ?AT HE WAS C>EFULLY COLLECT+ MAT]IAL ON ! MOVEM5T4 ,I KNEW ?AT HE WAS >DU\SLY WRIT+ ITS COMPLETE HI/ORY4 ,& F9ALLY1 ,I KNEW ?AT ! BOOK WAS F9I%$ & ?AT ! AU?OR WAS PREP>+ TO PUBLI% IT ABROAD4 ,& ,I CONSID]$ ?AT IT WAS PRECISELY ?IS WORK ?AT %\LD APPE> BE=E ANY O!R -- A COMPLETE HI/ORY ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A WRITT5 BY A MAN :O1 HAV+ HIMSELF P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! MOVEM5T1 AT ! SAME TIME POSSESS$ A L>GE NUMB] ( DOCUM5TS4 ,MANY PEOPLE >E /ILL S9C]ELY CONV9C$ ?AT ,MAKHNO WAS A 0COMMON B&IT10 A 0POGROM%*IK10.<#c.> A LEAD] ( A GLOOMY1 W>-CORRUPT$1 PLUND]+ MASS ( SOLDI]-PEASANTS4 ,MANY O!RS CONSID] ,MAKHNO AN 0ADV5TUR]10 & BELIEVE ?AT HE 0OP5$ ! FRONT0 TO ,D5IK91 0FRAT]NIZ$0 ) ,PETLIURA1 & 0ALLI$0 ) ,WRANGEL444 ,IMITAT+ ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 MANY PEOPLE /ILL P]SI/ 9 SL&]+ ,MAKHNO1 ACCUS+ HIM ( BE+ ! 0LEAD] ( A C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y KULAK MOVEM5T02 !Y TREAT ,MAKHNO'S 0AN>*ISM0 AS A NAIVE 9V5TION ( C]TA9 AN>*I/S SKILLFULLY APPLI$ BY HIM = HIS [N PURPOSES444 ,BUT ,D5IK91 ,PETLIURA & ,WRANGEL >E ONLY VIVID MILIT>Y EPISODES3 PEOPLE LAT* ON TO !M TO ACCUMULATE A PILE ( LIES4 ,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A CANNOT BE R$UC$ TO ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y G5]ALS4 ,! ESS5CE ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T1 ITS 9N] CONT5T1 ITS ORGANIC *>ACT]I/ICS1 >E ALMO/ COMPLETELY UNKN[N4 ,?IS /ATE ( ?+S CANNOT BE REM$I$ BY %ORT1 ISOLAT$ >TICLES1 FRAGM5T$ OBS]VATIONS1 P>TIAL WORKS4 ,9 RELATION TO SU* AN 5ORM\S & COMPLEX EV5T AS ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A1 SU* >TICLES & WORKS (F] V]Y LITTLE1 FAIL TO %$ LIE LO/ 9 ! SEA ( PR9T$ WORDS1 LEAV+ H>DLY ANY TRACES4 ,TO DEAL A DECISIVE BL[ AGA9/ ALL !SE N>RATIVES & TO GIVE IMPETUS TO S]I\S 9T]E/ & FAMILI>ITY ) ! SUBJECT1 IT IS NECESS>Y1 FIR/ ( ALL1 TO MAKE AVAILABLE A MORE OR LESS EXHAU/IVE WORK2 ONLY !N WILL IT BE FRUITFUL TO TURN TO ! 9DIVIDUAL QUE/IONS1 ! SPECIFIC EV5TS & ! DETAILS4 ,! PRES5T BOOK IS PRECISELY SU* AN EXHAU/IVE WORK4 ,ITS AU?OR IS BETT] SUIT$ = ?IS TASK ?AN ANYONE ELSE4 ,WE ONLY REGRET ! FACT ?AT1 BECAUSE ( A S]IES ( UN=TUNATE CIRCUM/ANCES1 ?IS WORK APPE>S AFT] CONSID]ABLE DELAY4.<#d.> "9 "9 "9 ,IT IS NOTEWOR?Y ?AT ! FIR/ HI/ORIAN ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T %\LD BE A WORK]4 ,?IS FACT IS NOT ACCID5TAL4 ,?R\<\T ITS EXI/5CE1 ! MOVEM5T1 BO? IDEOLOGICALLY & ORGANIZATIONALLY1 HAD ACCESS ONLY TO ?OSE =CES :I* C\LD BE PROVID$ BY ! MASS ( WORK]S & PEASANTS4 ,!RE W]E1 ON ! :OLE1 NO HI%9OV1 SON ( AN ,EKAT]9OSLAV FACTORY WORK]1 HIMSELF A METALWORK] BY TRADE1 $UCAT$ HIMSELF ?R\< /R5U\S P]SONAL EF=T4 ,9 #a#i#d1 :5 HE WAS #a#g1 HE JO9$ ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,9 #a#i#e1 :5 HE WAS EMPLOY$ AS A METALWORK] 9 ! RAILWAY Y>DS ( ! T[N ( ,KIZYL-,>VAT 79 ,C5TRAL ,ASIA71 HE BECAME A MEMB] ( ! LOCAL ORGANIZATION ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY4 ,HE QUICKLY BEGAN TO PLAY AN ACTIVE ROLE1 & BECAME ONE ( ! LEAD]S & $ITORS ( ! LOCAL ILLEGAL REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S' NEWSPAP]1 ,MOLOT 7,! ,HAMM]74 7,?IS NEWSPAP] WAS DI/RIBUT$ ?R\<\T ! RAILWAY NETWORK ( ,C5TRAL ,ASIA & HAD GREAT IMPORTANCE = ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( ! RAILWAY WORK]S47 ,9 #a#i#f1 PURSU$ BY ! LOCAL POLICE1 ,>%9OV LEFT ,C5TRAL ,ASIA & MOV$ TO ,EKAT]9OSLAV 9 ! ,UKRA9E4 ,H]E HE BECAME AN AN>*I/ & AS SU* CONT9U$ HIS REVOLUTION>Y WORK AMONG WORK]S ( ,EKAT]9OSLAV 7ESPECIALLY AT ! ,%ODU> FACTORY74 ,HE TURN$ TO AN>*ISM BECAUSE ( ! M9IMALISM ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS :I*1 9 ,>%9OV'S VIEW1 DID NOT RESPOND TO ! REAL ASPIRATIONS ( ! WORK]S & CAUS$1 TOGE!R ) ! M9IMALISM ( ! O!R POLITICAL P>TIES1 ! DEFEAT ( ! #a#i#e-#f REVOLUTION4 ,9 AN>*ISM ,>%9OV F\ND1 9 HIS [N WORDS1 A COLLECTION ( ALL ! LIB]T>IAN-EGALIT>IAN ASPIRATIONS & HOPES ( ! WORK]S4 ,9 #a#i#f-#g1 :5 ! ,CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T COV]$ ALL ( ,RUSSIA ) A NETWORK ( MILIT>Y TRIBUNALS1 EXT5SIVE MASS ACTIVITY BECAME COMPLETELY IMPOSSIBLE4 ,>%9OV1 BECAUSE ( P]SONAL CIRCUM/ANCES AS WELL AS HIS AGGRESSIVE TEMP]AM5T1 C>RI$ \T SEV]AL T]RORI/ ACTS4 .- ,ON ,DECEMB] #b#c1 #a#i#f1 HE & SEV]AL COMRADES BLEW UP A POLICE /ATION 9 ! WORK]S' DI/RICT ( ,AMUR1 NE> ,EKAT]9OSLAV4 7,! EXPLOSION KILL$ ?REE ,COSSACK (FIC]S1 AS WELL AS POLICE (FIC]S & GU>DS ( ! PUNITIVE DETA*M5T47 ,DUE TO ! PA9/AK+ PREP>ATION ( ?IS ACT1 NEI!R ,>%9OV NOR HIS COMRADES W]E DISCOV]$ BY ! POLICE4 ,ON ,M>* #g1 #a#i#g1 ,>%9OV %OT ,VASIL5KO1 HEAD ( ! MA9 RAILROAD Y>D ( ,ALEKS&ROVSK4 ,VASIL5KO'S CRIME T[>D ! WORK+ CLASS CONSI/$ ( HIS HAV+ TURN$ OV] TO ! MILIT>Y TRIBUNAL MORE ?AN #a WORK+ PEOPLE :O W]E ACCUS$ ( TAK+ P>T 9 ! >M$ UPRIS+ 9 ,ALEKS&ROVSK 9 ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#e2 MANY ( !M W]E CONDEMN$ TO DEA? OR =C$ LABOR BECAUSE ( ,VASIL5KO'S TE/IMONY4 ,BE=E & AFT] ?IS EV5T1 ,VASIL5KO WAS ALWAYS AN ACTIVE & PITILESS OPPRESSOR ( WORK]S4 ,ON HIS [N 9ITIATIVE1 BUT ) ! AGREEM5T & G5]AL 5C\RAGEM5T ( MASSES ( WORK]S1 ,>%9OV BLUNTLY SETTL$ ACC\NTS ) ?IS 5EMY ( ! WORK]S1 %OOT+ HIM NE> ! Y>DS :ILE MANY WORK]S WAT*$4 ,AFT] ?IS ACT ,>%9OV WAS CAUY TRIBUNAL S5T5C$ HIM TO HANG+4 ,SUDD5LY1 :5 ! S5T5CE WAS AB\T TO BE ADM9I/]$1 IT WAS E/ABLI%$ ?AT ,>%9OV'S ACT %\LD BY LAW NOT BE TRI$ BY ! MILIT>Y TRIBUNAL1 BUT BY A HI<] MILIT>Y C\RT4 ,?IS PO/PONEM5T GAVE ,>%9OV ! *ANCE TO ESCAPE4 ,HE ESCAP$ FROM ! ,ALEKS&ROVSK PRISON ON ! NIDS ASSIGN$ TO WAT* ! PRISON]S AT ! *UR* W]E SURPRIS$ BY ! AUDACI\S ATTACK ( SEV]AL COMRADES2 ALL ! GU>DS W]E KILL$4 ,ALL ! PRISON]S HAD ! *ANCE TO ESCAPE4 ,FIFTE5 M5 ESCAP$ TOGE!R ) ,>%9OV4 ,AFT] ?IS1 ,>%9OV SP5T AB\T TWO YE>S ABROAD1 MA9LY 9 ,FRANCE4 ,9 #aii HE RETURN$ TO ,RUSSIA :]E1 = A P]IOD ( ONE & A HALF YE>S1 HE DEVOT$ HIMSELF TO CL&E/9E AN>*I/ PROPAG&A & ORGANIZATION AMONG WORK]S4 ,9 #a#i#a1 :ILE TRANSPORT+ WEAPONS & AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE FROM ,AU/RIA TO ,RUSSIA1 HE WAS >RE/$ ON ! FRONTI] BY ,AU/RIAN AU?ORITIES & JAIL$ 9 ! PRISON AT ,T>NOPOL4 ,AFT] SP5D+ AB\T A YE> 9 ?IS PRISON1 HE WAS TURN$ OV] TO ,RUSSIAN AU?ORITIES 9 ,MOSC[ = HAV+ COMMITT$ T]RORI/IC ACTS & WAS S5T5C$ TO #b YE>S ( H>D LABOR BY ! ,C\RT ( ,ASSIZES 9 ,MOSC[4 ,>%9OV S]V$ HIS S5T5CE 9 ! ,BUTYRKI PRISON 9 ,MOSC[4 ,IT WAS H]E1 9 #a#i#a#a1 ?AT HE FIR/ MET ! Y\NG ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO1 :O HAD 9 #aia RECEIV$ A LIFE S5T5CE TO H>D LABOR = T]RORI/ ACTS1 & :O WAS ALREADY FAMILI> ) ,>%9OV'S NAME & HIS E>LI] WORK 9 ! S\?4 ,!Y W]E CLOSE FRI5DS DUR+ !IR 5TIRE PRISON T]M1 & BO? LEFT PRISON DUR+ ! FIR/ DAYS ( ! REVOLUTION1 9 ,M>*1 #a#i#a#g4 ,AS SOON AS ,MAKHNO WAS FREE HE LEFT ,MOSC[ TO TAKE UP REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY 9 ! ,UKRA9E1 AT HIS BIR?PLACE1 ,GULYAI-,POLYE4 ,>%9OV REMA9$ 9 ,MOSC[ & 5]GETICALLY TOOK P>T 9 ! WORK ( ! ,MOSC[ ,F$]ATION ( ,AN>*I/ ,GR\PS4 ,:51 AFT] ! OCCUPATION ( ! ,UKRA9E BY ! ,AU/RO-,G]MANS 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#a#h1 ,MAKHNO SP5T SOME TIME 9 ,MOSC[ 9 ORD] TO ACQUA9T HIMSELF & HIS COMRADES ) ! /ATE ( AFFAIRS1 HE /AY$ ) ,>%9OV4 ,H]E !Y GOT TO KN[ EA* O!R MORE 9TIMATELY1 & !Y >D5TLY DISCUSS$ ! PROBLEMS ( ! REVOLUTION & ( AN>*ISM4 ,:51 ?REE OR F\R WEEKS LAT]1 ,MAKHNO RETURN$ TO ! ,UKRA9E1 HE & ,>%9OV AGRE$ TO REMA9 9 CLOSE CONTACT4 ,MAKHNO PROMIS$ NOT TO =GET ,MOSC[ & TO GIVE MAT]IAL ASSI/ANCE TO ! MOVEM5T4 ,!Y SPOKE ( ! NE$ TO />T A J\RNAL444 ,MAKHNO KEPT HIS WORD3 HE S5T MONEY TO ,MOSC[ 7BUT DUE TO CIRCUM/ANCES OV] :I* HE HAD NO CONTROL1 ,>%9OV DID NOT RECEIVE IT7 & WROTE TO ,>%9OV SEV]AL TIMES4 ,9 HIS LETT]S HE 9VIT$ ,>%9OV TO WORK 9 ! ,UKRA9E2 HE WAIT$ & WAS IRK$ BY ! FACT ?AT ,>%9OV DID NOT COME4 ,SOMETIME LAT]1 NEWSPAP]S BEGAN TO SPEAK ( ,MAKHNO AS ! LEAD] ( A P[]FUL P>TISAN DETA*M5T4 ,9 ,APRIL1 #a#i#a#i1 AT ! V]Y BEG9N+ ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T1 ,>%9OV W5T TO ,GULYAI-,POLYE & FROM ?AT TIME ON H>DLY LEFT ! REGION ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A UNTIL ITS DEFEAT 9 #a#i#b#a4 ,HE CONC]N$ HIMSELF MA9LY ) CULTURAL & $UCATIONAL MATT]S & ) ORGANIZATIONAL WORK2 = SOME TIME HE DIRECT$ ! CULTURAL & $UCATIONAL SECTION & WAS $ITOR ( ! 9SURG5TS' NEWSPAP] ,PUT' K ,SVOBODE 7,! ,ROAD TO ,FRE$OM74 ,HE LEFT ! REGION ONLY 9 ! SUMM] ( #aib AFT] A DEFEAT ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,DUR+ ?IS TIME HE LO/ A MANUSCRIPT ON ! HI/ORY ( ! MOVEM5T :I* WAS ALMO/ READY = PUBLICATION4 ,AFT] ?IS ABS5CE1 IT WAS ONLY ) GREAT DIFFICULTY ?AT HE WAS ABLE TO RETURN TO ?IS REGION :I* WAS HEMM$ 9 ON ALL SIDES 7BY ,:ITES & ,R$S72 HE REMA9$ !RE UNTIL ! BEG9N+ ( #a#i#b#a4 ,AT ! BEG9N+ ( #a#i#b#a1 AFT] ! ?IRD DISA/R\S DEFEAT 9FLICT$ ON ! MOVEM5T BY ! ,SOVIET P[]1.<#e.> ,>%9OV LEFT ! REGION ) A =MAL ASSIGNM5T2 TO F9I% WORK ON ! HI/ORY ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T4 ,?IS TIME HE C>RI$ ! WORK ?R\< TO COMPLETION 9 EXTREMELY DIFFICULT P]SONAL CIRCUM/ANCES1 P>TLY 9 ! ,UKRA9E & P>TLY 9 ,MOSC[4 "9 "9 "9 ,CONSEQU5TLY ! AU?OR ( ?IS BOOK IS MORE COMPET5T ?AN ANYONE ELSE TO COMM5T ON ?IS SUBJECT4 ,HE WAS ACQUA9T$ ) ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO LONG BE=E ! EV5TS :I* HE DESCRIBES1 & HE OBS]V$ HIM CLOSELY 9 EXTREMELY V>I$ SITUATIONS DUR+ ! C\RSE ( ! EV5TS4 ,HE WAS ALSO ACQUA9T$ ) ALL ( ! REM>KABLE P>TICIPANTS ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,HE WAS HIMSELF AN ACTIVE P>TICIPANT 9 ! EV5TS1 HIMSELF EXP]I5C$ !IR SUBLIME & TRAGIC DEVELOPM5T4 ,! PR(\ND ESS5CE ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A1 ITS IDEOLOGICAL & ORGANIZATIONAL EF=TS1 ASPIRATIONS & HOPES1 W]E CLE>] TO HIM ?AN TO ANYONE ELSE4 ,HE WITNESS$ ITS TITANIC /RUGGLE AGA9/ 5EMY =CES :I* HEMM$ IT 9 ON ALL SIDES4 ,BE+ A WORK] HIMSELF1 HE WAS PR(\NDLY IMBU$ ) ! SPIRIT ( ! MOVEM5T3 ! P[]FUL URGE ( ! WORK+ MASSES1 9SPIR$ BY AN>*I/ IDEAS1 TO TAKE !IR DE/9Y & ! CON/RUCTION ( A NEW WORLD 9TO !IR [N H&S4 ,AS AN 9TELLIG5T & $UCAT$ WORK]1 HE WAS ABLE TO ANALYZE ! PR(\ND ESS5CE ( ! MOVEM5T & TO CONTRA/ IT %>PLY ) ! IDEOLOGICAL ESS5CE ( O!R =CES1 MOVEM5TS & T5D5CIES4 ,F9ALLY1 HE IS ?OR\ ) ALL ! DOCUM5TS ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,HE1 LIKE NO ONE ELSE1 WAS ABLE TO CRITICALLY EXAM9E ALL ACC\NTS & MAT]IALS1 TO SEP>ATE ! ESS5TIAL FROM ! 9ESS5TIAL1 ! *>ACT]I/IC FROM ! TRIVIAL1 ! FUNDAM5TAL FROM ! SECOND>Y4 ,ALL ( ?IS ALL[$ HIM TO COMPREH5D & ELUCIDATE ONE ( ! MO/ ORIG9AL & REM>KABLE EPISODES ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 9 SPITE ( ! 5DLESS S]IES ( UNFAVORABLE CIRCUM/ANCES & ! REPEAT$ LOSS ( MANUSCRIPTS1 MAT]IALS & DOCUM5TS4 "9 "9 "9 ,IS IT NECESS>Y TO SPEAK ( ! 9DIVIDUAL ASPECTS ( ?IS WORK8 ,IT SEEMS TO US ?AT ! BOOK SPEAKS ADEQUATELY = ITSELF4 ,WE %\LD EMPHASIZE1 FIR/ ( ALL1 ?AT ?IS WORK WAS WRITT5 ) EXCEPTIONAL C>E & EXACTITUDE4 ,NOT A S+LE D\BTFUL FACT WAS 9CLUD$4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 A NUMB] ( 9T]E/+ & *>ACT]I/IC EPISODES & DETAILS :I* ACTUALLY TOOK PLACE W]E LEFT \T BY ! AU?OR ) A VIEW TO BREVITY4 ,SOME MOM5TS1 ACTS OR EV5 5TIRE EV5TS W]E OMITT$ BECAUSE ( ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( V]IFY+ !M ) EXACT DATA4 ,! LOSS ( AN 5TIRE COLLECTION ( IMPORTANT DOCUM5TS HAS C]TA9LY BE5 H>MFUL TO ! WORK4 ,! LA/ -- ! F\R? -- DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! MANUSCRIPT TOGE!R ) EXTREMELY VALUABLE DOCUM5TS CRU%$ ! AU?OR TO SU* AN EXT5T ?AT = A LONG TIME HE HESITAT$ BE=E SETT+ \T AGA94 ,ONLY HIS AW>5ESS ( ! NECESSITY ( GIV+ A COH]5T1 EV5 IF 9COMPLETE1 HI/ORY ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A DROVE ! AU?OR TO RETURN TO HIS P54 ,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT LAT] WORKS ON ! HI/ORY ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T WILL NE$ TO BE EXP&$ & COMPLET$ ) NEW DATA4 ,! MOVEM5T IS SO VA/1 SO PR(\ND & ORIG9AL1 ?AT IT CANNOT YET BE FULLY EVALUAT$4 ,?IS BOOK IS ONLY ! FIR/ S]I\S CONTRIBUTION T[>D ! ANALYSIS ( ONE ( ! BROADE/ & MO/ 9/RUCTIVE REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS 9 HI/ORY4 "9 "9 "9 ,SOME ( ! AU?OR'S /ATEM5TS ( PR9CIPLE CAN BE DISPUT$4 ,BUT !SE >E NOT ! BASIC ELEM5TS ( ! BOOK & >E NOT DEVELOP$ TO !IR LOGICAL CONCLUSIONS4 ,WE MIY MOVEM5T ( ! WORK+ CLASS :I* GRADUALLY BECOMES CONSCI\S ( ITSELF & /EPS \T ON ! BROAD >5A ( HI/ORICAL ACTIVITY4 ,! AU?OR CONSID]S ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A ONE ( ! FIR/ & MO/ REM>KABLE MANIFE/ATIONS ( ?IS NEW MOVEM5T &1 AS SU*1 CONTRA/S IT TO O!R =CES & MOVEM5TS ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,?IS UND]L9ES ! =TUIT\S *>ACT] ( ! T]M 0,MAKHNOV%*9A40 ,! MOVEM5T W\LD HAVE EXI/$ )\T ,MAKHNO1 S9CE ! LIV+ =CES1 ! LIV+ MASSES :O CREAT$ & DEVELOP$ ! MOVEM5T1 & :O BR\D M]ELY AS !IR TAL5T$ MILIT>Y LEAD]1 W\LD HAVE EXI/$ )\T ,MAKHNO4 ,EV5 IF ! MOVEM5T HAD HAD ANO!R NAME & ITS IDEOLOGICAL ORI5TATION HAD BE5 DIFF]5T1 ITS ESS5CE W\LD HAVE BE5 ! SAME4 ,! P]SONALITY & ! ROLE ( ,MAKHNO HIMSELF >E V]Y %>PLY DRAWN 9 ?IS WORK4 ,! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T & V>I\S HO/ILE =CES 7! C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 ,BOL%EVISM7 >E MA/]FULLY DESCRIB$4 ,! PAGES DEVOT$ TO ! NUM]\S EV5TS ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A'S H]OIC /RUGGLE AGA9/ !SE =CES >E GRIPP+ & OV]:ELM+4 "9 "9 "9 ,! EXTREMELY 9T]E/+ QUE/ION ( ! MUTUAL RELATIONS BETWE5 ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A & AN>*ISM IS NOT ADEQUATELY TREAT$ BY ! AU?OR4 ,HE EXPRESSES ! SALI5T FACT ?AT AN>*I/S ON ! :OLE -- MORE PRECISELY1 ! 0SUMMIT0 AN>*I/S -- REMA9$ \TSIDE ! MOVEM5T2 9 ! AU?OR'S WORDS1 !Y 0SLEPT ?R\< IT40 ,?IS PH5OM5ON1 ,>%9OV MA9TA9S1 WAS CAUS$ BY ! FACT ?AT A C]TA9 NUMB] ( AN>*I/S W]E 9FECT$ BY 0,P>TI9O/0 7! ,P>TY SPIRIT71 BY ! UNHEAL?Y URGE TO LEAD ! MASSES1 !IR ORGANIZATIONS & !IR MOVEM5TS4 ,?IS EXPLA9S ! 9CAPACITY ( !SE AN>*I/S TO UND]/& TRULY 9DEP5D5T MASS MOVEM5TS :I* >ISE )\T !IR KN[L$GE & ASK ( !M ONLY S9C]E & RESPONSIBLE CULTURAL ASSI/ANCE4 ,?IS ALSO EXPLA9S !IR PREJUDICE &1 9 ESS5CE1 !IR CONTEMPT T[>D SU* MOVEM5TS4 ,BUT ?IS /ATEM5T & EXPLANATION >E 9ADEQUATE4 ,! !ME %\LD BE ELABORAT$ & DEVELOP$4 ,AMONG AN>*I/S !RE >E ?REE TYPES ( VIEWS ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A3 DECID$LY SKEPTICAL1 NEUTRAL1 & DECID$LY FAVORABLE4 ,! AU?OR1 )\T D\BT1 BELONGS TO ! ?IRD GR\P4 ,BUT HIS POSITION MAY BE DEBATABLE1 & HE MI*I/ PRESS1 & ?AT A COMPREH5SIVE TREATM5T ( ?IS PROBLEM WILL LEAD TO CONCLUSIONS USEFUL TO ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 "9 "9 "9 ,IT IS C]TA9 ?AT ALL ! FABLES AB\T ! B&ITISM1 ! ANTI-,SEMITISM1 & O!R SOMB] TRAITS ?\DLY ! MOVEM5T TRANSC5D$ V>I\S PREJUDICES-NATIONAL1 RELIGI\S & O!R4 ,?IS FACT IS EXTREMELY *>ACT]I/IC3 IT IS YET ANO!R EXAMPLE ( ! LEVEL ( A*IEVEM5T ?AT ! WORK+ MASSES1 ONCE >\S$ BY A DECISIVE REVOLUTION>Y JOLT1 CAN REA* -- & H[ EASILY6 -- IF IT IS ACTUALLY !Y !MSELVES :O CREATE !IR REVOLUTION1 IF !Y HAVE TRUE & COMPLETE FRE$OM TO SE>* & FRE$OM TO ACT4 ,!IR ROADS >E LIMITLESS1 IF ONLY !SE ROADS >E NOT 9T5TIONALLY B>RICAD$4 "9 "9 "9 ,:AT SEEMS TO US ESPECIALLY NOTEWOR?Y & IMPORTANT 9 ! PRES5T WORK IS3 #a7 ,AS OPPOS$ TO MANY :O CONSID]$1 & CONT9UE TO CONSID]1 ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A ONLY A UNIQUE MILIT>Y EPISODE1 A FOOLH>DY ACT ( SNIP]S1 ( P>TISANS ) ALL ! FAULTS & ALL ! CREATIVE IMPOT5CE ( A MILIT>Y CLIQUE 7& ! RELATION%IP ( MANY TO ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T WAS BAS$ PRECISELY ON SU* AN ANALYSIS71 ! AU?OR %[S ) 9CONTE/ABLE DATA ! FALSITY ( SU* A VIEW4 ,) ! GREATE/ PRECISION1 ! AU?OR UNFOLDS BE=E US ! PICTURE ( A FREE1 CREATIVE & ORGANIZ$1 ?\< %ORT-LIV$1 MOVEM5T ( ! BROAD WORK+ MASSES1 IMBU$ ) A PR(\ND IDEAL2 A MOVEM5T :I* CREAT$ ITS [N MILIT>Y =CE 9 RESPONSE TO ITS NE$ TO DEF5D ITS REVOLUTION & ITS FRE$OM4 ,A WIDESPREAD PREJUDICE AB\T ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A IS ?US DE/ROY$4 ,IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT1 :5 ! AU?OR MAKES A S]I\S CRITIQUE ( ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A1 HE CRITICIZES PRECISELY A C]TA9 NEGLIG5CE 9 MILIT>Y & /RATEGIC AFFAIRS4 ,9 ! *APT] ON ! MI/AKES ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/S1 HE EXPRESSES ! CONVICTION ?AT IF ! ,MAKHNOVI/S HAD 9 TIME BE5 ABLE TO ORGANIZE AN ADEQUATE DEF5SE ( ! \T]MO/ FRONTI]S ( ! REGION1 ! :OLE REVOLUTION 9 ! ,UKRA9E AS WELL AS 9 G5]AL C\LD HAVE DEVELOP$ V]Y DIFF]5TLY4 ,IF ! AU?OR IS RI$ TO ?AT ( O!R REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS ( ! PA/ :]E MILIT>Y ]RORS ALSO PLAY$ A FATAL ROLE4 ,9 ANY CASE1 WE CALL ! READ]'S ATT5TION TO ?IS PO9T1 :I* GIVES RISE TO V]Y PROVOCATIVE ?\D ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A >E FIRMLY & PRECISELY E/ABLI%$4 ,A %ATT]+ BL[ IS DEALT TO ALL ! 9V5TIONS & JU/IFICATIONS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,ALL !IR CRIM9AL MA*9ATIONS1 ALL !IR LIES1 !IR 5TIRE C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ESS5CE1 >E ?OR\T ( ! BOOK W\LD BE ! WORDS :I* ONCE ESCAP$ FROM ! DIRECTOR ( ! SECRET-OP]ATIONS SECTION ( ! ,V4 ,*4 ,K4 .<,SUPREME ,*EKA.>1 ,SAMSONOV 79 PRISON1 :5 ,I WAS CALL$ = QUE/ION+ BY ?IS 09VE/IGATOR074 ,:5 ,I REM>K$ TO HIM ?AT ,I CONSID]$ ! BEHAVIOR ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS T[>D ,MAKHNO1 AT ! TIME ( !IR TREATY ) HIM1 TREA*]\S1 ,SAMSONOV PROMPTLY RESPOND$3 0,Y\ CONSID] ?IS TREA*]\S8 ,?IS SIMPLY PROVES ?AT WE >E SKILLFUL /ATESM53 :5 WE NE$$ ,MAKHNO1 WE KNEW H[ TO USE HIM2 N[ ?AT WE NO LONG] NE$ HIM1 WE KN[ H[ TO LIQUIDATE HIM40 #d7 ,MANY S9C]E REVOLUTION>IES CONSID] AN>*ISM AN IDEALI/IC FANTASY & JU/IFY ,BOL%EVISM AS ! ONLY POSSIBLE REALITY1 UNAVOIDABLE & NECESS>Y = ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! WORLD SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 ( :I* IT REPRES5TS A GIV5 /AGE4 ,! DISMAL ASPECTS ( ,BOL%EVISM !N APPE> LESS-IMPORTANT & >E HI/ORICALLY JU/IFI$4 ,! PRES5T WORK DEALS A DEA? BL[ TO ?IS CONCEPTION4 ,IT VIVIDLY E/ABLI%ES TWO C>D9AL PO9TS3 A7 AN>*I/ ASPIRATIONS APPE>$ 9 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION :5EV] IT WAS A REALLY 9DEP5D5T REVOLUTION ( ! WORK+ MASSES !MSELVES1 NOT AS A 0H>MFUL UTOPIA ( VISION>IES10 BUT AS ! REAL1 CONCRETE REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( !SE MASSES2 B7 AS SU* IT WAS DELIB]ATELY1 CRUELLY & BASELY SUPPRESS$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,! FACTS 5UM]AT$ 9 ?IS BOOK CLE>LY %[ ?AT ! 0REALITY0 ( ,BOL%EVISM IS1 9 ESS5CE1 ! SAME AS ! REALITY ( ,CZ>ISM4 ,!SE FACTS CONCRETELY & CLE>LY C\NT]-POSE ?IS 0REALITY0 TO ! PR(\ND TRU? & REALITY ( AN>*ISM AS ! ONLY TRULY REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S' IDEOLOGY1 & REMOVE FROM ,BOL%EVISM ANY TRACE ( HI/ORICAL JU/IFICATION4 #e7 ,! BOOK GIVES AN>*I/S A WEAL? ( MAT]IALS 9 ! LILI] QUE/IONS2 F9ALLY1 IT CONFIRMS SEV]AL COMPLETELY =GOTT5 TRU?S :I* CAN USEFULLY BE REEXAM9$ & RECONSID]$4 "9 "9 "9 ,ONE LA/ WORD4 ,AL?\< ?IS BOOK IS WRITT5 BY AN AN>*I/1 ITS 9T]E/ & SIGNIFICANCE EXT5D F> BEYOND ! LIMITS ( ONE OR ANO!R CIRCLE ( READ]S4 ,= MANY PEOPLE ?IS BOOK WILL BE AN UNEXPECT$ DISCOV]Y4 ,IT WILL MAKE O!RS AW>E ( ! EV5TS GO+ ON >\ND !M4 ,IT WILL ?R[ NEW LIY1 BUT ALSO EV]Y ?9K+ P]SON :O IS 9T]E/$ 9 :AT GOES ON >\ND HIM1 %\LD ATT5TIVELY READ ?IS BOOK1 REFLECT AB\T ! CONCLUSIONS :I* FL[ FROM IT1 & BE LUCIDLY AW>E ( :AT IT TEA*ES4 ,TODAY1 :5 LIFE IS FRAUSAW PRISON1.<#f.> C\LD BE CONSOL$ ONLY BY ! KN[L$GE ?AT ! IDEAS = :I* HE F\E SPREAD+ & GR[+ -- TODAY EV]Y BOOK :I* %$S LIY /RUGGLE %\LD BE A REF]5CE BOOK 9 EV]Y HOME4 ,AN>*ISM IS NOT A PRIVILEGE ( ! *OS51 BUT A PR(\ND & BROAD DOCTR9E & CONCEPTION ( ! WORLD ) :I* EV]YONE TODAY %\LD BE FAMILI>4 ,! READ] NE$ NOT BECOME AN AN>*I/4 ,BUT ! READ] %\LD NOT EXP]I5CE :AT HAPP5$ TO AN OLD PR(ESSOR :O ACCID5TALLY ATT5D$ AN AN>*I/ LECTURE4 ,MOV$ TO TE>S1 AFT] ! LECTURE1 HE TOLD ! LI/5]S GA!R$ >\ND HIM3 0,H]E AM ,I1 A PR(ESSOR1 ) :ITE HAIR1 & UNTIL TODAY ,I NEV] KNEW ANY?+ AB\T ?IS REM>KABLE & BEAUTIFUL DOCTR9E444 ,I AM A%AM$40 ,! READ] NE$ NEV] BECOME AN AN>*I/2 TO BE AN AN>*I/ IS NOT OBLIGATORY4 ,BUT IT IS NECESS>Y TO KN[ AN>*ISM4 ,VOL9E ,MAY1 #a#i#b#c4 ,AU?OR'S ,PREFACE4 ,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A IS A COLOSSAL EV5T 9 CONTEMPOR>Y ,RUSSIA4 ,BY ! BREAD? & PR(UNDITY ( ITS IDEAS1 IT TRANSC5DS ALL ! SPONTANE\S WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5TS KN[N TO US4 ,! FACTUAL MAT]IAL AB\T IT IS 5ORM\S4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 9 ! CONDITIONS ( PRES5T DAY -- ,COMMUNI/ -- REALITY1 ONE CANNOT EV5 DREAM ( COLLECT+ ALL ! MAT]IAL :I* C\LD %$ LI*ES4 ,EXCEPTIONALLY PRECI\S DOCUM5TATION WAS LO/ 9 ,KH>'KOV 9 ,JANU>Y1 #a#i#b#a4 ,?IS MAT]IAL CONTA9$ EV]Y?+ ONE C\LD HAVE WANT$ TO KN[ AB\T ! FRONT1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/ CAMP & ! P]SONAL >*IVES ( ,MAKHNO3 IT 9CLUD$ ,MAKHNO'S MEMOIRS CONTA9+ A GREAT QUANTITY ( FACTS1 MO/ ( ! PUBLICATIONS & DOCUM5TS ( ! MOVEM5T1 A COMPLETE COLLECTION ( ! NEWSPAP] ,PUT' K ,SVOBODE1 DETAIL$ BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON ! MO/ DEVOT$ P>TICIPANTS ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,IT IS ABSOLUTELY IMPOSSIBLE TO RECON/RUCT ! LO/ DOCUM5TATION EV5 P>TIALLY4 ,?US ,I HAD TO COMPLETE ! PRES5T WORK LACK+ MANY ( ! NECESS>Y MAT]IALS4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! WORK WAS AT FIR/ C>RI$ \T BETWE5 BATTLES1 & LAT] 9 ! EXTREMELY UNFAVORABLE REPRESSIVE CONDITIONS ( CONTEMPOR>Y ,RUSSIA1 :]E ,I WROTE ! SAME WAY AS CONVICTS 9 ,CZ>I/ PRISONS WROTE EA* O!R1 NAMELY BY HID+ 9 ANY CORN] OR BEH9D A TABLE1 ) CON/ANT FE> ( BE+ DISCOV]$ BY ! GU>D4 ,= !SE REASONS IT IS NATURAL ?AT ! WORK %\LD APPE> HA/Y & %\LD CONTA9 SEV]AL GAPS4 ,H[EV]1 ! CURR5T /ATE ( AFFAIRS DEM&S ?AT A WORK ON ! HI/ORY ( ! MOVEM5T %\LD BE ISSU$1 EV5 IF IT IS 9COMPLETE4 ,CONSEQU5TLY ?IS WORK IS NOT DEF9ITIVE4 ,IT IS ONLY A BEG9N+ & %\LD BE CONT9U$ & FUR!R ELABORAT$4 ,BUT = ?IS PURPOSE IT WILL BE NECESS>Y TO COLLECT ALL ! MAT]IALS ?AT RELATE TO ! MOVEM5T4 ,ALL COMRADES :O POSSESS ANY ( ?IS MAT]IAL >E URG$ TO PASS !M ON TO ! AU?OR4 "9 "9 "9 ,9 ?IS PREFACE ,I W\LD LIKE TO SAY A FEW WORDS TO COMRADES-WORK]S 9 O!R C\NTRIES4 ,MANY AMONG !M1 >RIV+ 9 ,RUSSIA TO ATT5D SOME CONGRESS1 SEE CONTEMPOR>Y ,RUSSIA 9 AN (FICIAL FRAMEWORK4 ,!Y VISIT ! FACTORIES ( ,PETROGRAD1 ,MOSC[ & O!R CITIES & LE>N AB\T !IR CONDITIONS ON ! BASIS ( DATA FURNI%$ BY ! GOV]NM5TAL P>TY OR POLITICAL GR\PS RELAT$ TO IT4 ,SU* AN ACQUA9TANCE ) ,RUSSIAN REALITY HAS NO VALUE4 ,! GUE/S >E EV]Y:]E %[N A LIFE :I* IS V]Y F> FROM REALITY4 ,= EXAMPLE4 ,9 #aiab OR #aiac A SCI5TI/ FROM ,AM/]DAM 7,ISRAEL ,VAN ,KAN1 IF ,I'M NOT MI/AK57 CAME TO ,RUSSIA TO 9VE/IGATE ,RUSSIAN JAILS & PRISONS4 ,! ,CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T GAVE HIM ! OPPORTUNITY TO OBS]VE PRISONS 9 ,PETROGRAD1 ,MOSC[ & O!R CITIES4 ,! PR(ESSOR /ROLL$ FROM CELL TO CELL1 9=M+ HIMSELF AB\T ! SITUATION ( ! CONVICTS1 & TALK+ ) !M4 ,9 SPITE ( ! FACT ?AT HE E/ABLI%$ ILLEGAL RELATIONS ) SOME POLITICAL PRISON]S 7,M9OR & O!RS71 9 ! ,RUSSIAN PRISONS HE SAW NO MORE ?AN :AT ! PRISON ADM9I/RATION WANT$ TO %[ HIM2 ?AT :I* WAS SPECIFIC TO ,RUSSIAN PRISONS ESCAP$ HIM4 ,=EIGN COMRADES & WORK]S :O COME TO ,RUSSIA HOP+ TO BECOME FAMILI> ) ,RUSSIAN LIFE 9 A %ORT TIME ) ! HELP ( DATA FURNI%$ BY ! GOV]N+ P>TY OR BY RIVAL POLITICIANS1 F9D !MSELVES 9 ! SAME SITUATION AS ,ISRAEL ,VAN ,KAN4 ,!Y UNAVOIDABLY COMMIT GROSS ]RORS4 ,9 ORD] TO EXP]I5CE ,RUSSIAN REALITY1 IT IS 9DISP5SABLE TO GO TO ! C\NTRY AS A SIMPLE AGRICULTURAL WORK]1 OR TO A FACTORY AS A LABOR]1 TO RECEIVE ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL PAYOK 7RATION7 GRANT$ TO ! PEOPLE BY ! ,COMMUNI/ GOV]NM5T1 TO DEM& ! SACR$ RIE NOT GRANT$1 & TO /RUGGLE 9 A REVOLUTION>Y MANN]1 S9CE REVOLUTION IS ! SUPREME RI+ OBS]V]4 ,& !N HE WILL NOT BE SURPRIS$ BY ! HI/ORY RECORD$ 9 ?IS BOOK4 ,) HORROR & %OCK HE WILL SEE ?AT 9 ,RUSSIA TODAY1 AS EV]Y:]E ELSE1 ! GREAT TRU? ( ! WORK+ CLASS IS P]SECUT$ & TORTUR$ & ! H]OISM ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T :I* DEF5D$ ?IS TRU? WILL BE CLE> TO HIM4 ,IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT EV]Y ?9K+ PROLET>IAN CONC]N$ ) ! FATE ( HIS CLASS WILL AGREE ?AT ONLY 9 ?IS WAY CAN ONE BECOME FAMILI> ) ,RUSSIAN -- OR ANY O!R-LIFE4 ,EV]Y?+ ?AT HAS UNTIL TODAY BE5 ! COMMON PRACTICE ( =EIGN DELEGATIONS :O CAME TO /UDY ,RUSSIAN LIFE HAS CONSI/$ ( TRIFLES1 ILLUSIONS1 PICNICS ABROAD1 A PURE WA/E ( TIME4 ,>%9OV ,MOSC[ ,APRIL1 #a#i#b#a4 ,P4,S4 ,I CONSID] IT A PLEASANT COMRADELY OBLIGATION ON MY [N P>T & ON ! P>T ( ! O!R P>TICIPANTS ( ! MOVEM5T1 TO EXPRESS MY GRATITUDE TO ALL ORGANIZATIONS & COMRADES :O HELP$ OR TRI$ TO HELP 9 ! WORK ( PUBLI%+ ?IS BOOK3 ! ,F$]ATION ( ,AN>*O-,COMMUNI/ ,GR\PS ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 AS WELL AS ,ITALIAN & ,BULG>IAN COMRADES4 ,MAY1 #a#i#b#c4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #c1 #aibb 3 ,9TRODUCTION -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,SEPTEMB] #a#h1 #bba 3 ,9TRODUCTION -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/