,HOT ,AUTUMN -- ,FRANCE ,%[S ! ,WAY6 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 

,TEXT 3 

,! NEW GOV]NM5T 9 P[] 9 ,FRANCE L$ BY ,*IRAC & ,JUPPE DECID$ ?AT ! TIME WAS RIPE TO 9/ITUTE MASSIVE ATTACKS ON WELF>E B5EFITS1 ! TRANSPORT SY/EM & JOBS & CONDITIONS4 ,!IR PRECIPITATE ATTACK AFT] JU/ B>ELY #f MON?S 9 P[] WAS SP>K$ BY !IR NE$ TO PREP>E = ,EUROPEAN ,MONET>Y ,UNION-S+LE CURR5CY -- BY ! 5D ( #a#i#i#g4 ,!RE WAS A MASSIVE BUDGET DEFICIT ( #fc BILLION FRANCS1 :I* ,JUPPE WANT$ TO CUT BY #a.04 ,AT ! SAME TIME HE WANT$ TO HALVE ! HUGE SOCIAL SECURITY DEBT4 ,?IS WAS 9 ! CONTEXT ( A SLUGGI% ECONOMY1 :]E ! MAGIC PHRASE 0ECONOMIC RECOV]Y0 WAS A NON/>T]4 ,! TI<TNESS ( ! TIME SCALE 9 :I* TO ACCOMPLI% !SE CUTS1 PLUS A GROSS UND]E/IMATION ( ! COMBATIVITY ( ,FR5* WORK]S1 :I* ! NEW REGIME FELT HAD BE5 ?OR\<LY DEMORALIZ$ & DEMOBILIZ$ BY YE>S ( ,SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5T 1 MADE ! ,*IRAC-,JUPPE ADM9I/RATION MAKE A FULL FRONTAL ATTACK4 ,?IS %\LD BE COMP>$ TO ! ATTACKS ON ! ,BRITI% WORK+ CLASS1 :]E DIFF]5T SECTIONS W]E TAK5 ON ONE AT A TIME & :]E CUTS TO B5EFITS1 TRANSPORT1 ! HEAL? S]VICE ETC1 W]E TAK5 OV] A PROTRACT$ P]IOD ( TIME4 

,! ,JUPPE ,PLAN 'S MA9 CORE WAS AN ATTACK ON SOCIAL SECURITY4 ,A NEW #a.0 TAX ON WAGES W\LD PAY ! SOCIAL SECURITY DEBTS1 !RE W\LD BE A FREEZE 9 *ILD B5EFIT1 !RE W\LD BE AN 9CREAS$ CONTIBUTION TO SOCIAL SECURITY \T ( WAGES1 AS WELL AS WORK]S HAV+ TO WORK #b #a_/#b YE>S BE=E !Y W]E 5TITL$ TO P5SION RI<TS4 ,9 ADDITION !RE W\LD BE ,G,B,P#d MILLION CUT FROM HEAL? SP5D+1 HUGE RAIL CUTS 7 9 A C\NTRY WELL S]VIC$ BY BO? NATIONAL REGIONAL & LOCAL L9ES7 AS WELL AS FUR!R ATTACKS ON RAILWORK]S ?R\< CUTS 9 P5SION & RETIREM5T PAYM5TS & CONDITIONS41 

,! EXPLOSION ( WORK+ CLASS ANG] WAS ALMO/ IMM$IATE4 ,9 ,FRANCE ONLY AB\T #e.0 ( ! WORK=CE IS 9 UNIONS1 ! MA9 ?REE BE+ ! UNION C5TRALS ( ! ,C,F,D,T1 ! ,C,G,T1 & ,F,O4 ,! ,C,F,D,T IS CONTROLL$ BY ,SOCIALI/S1 ! ,C,G,T BY ! ,/AL9I/ ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 & ,F,O BY SOCIALI/S1 ,GAULLI/S & ! ,TROTSKYI/ ORGANIZATION ( ,PI]RE ,LAMB]T1 ) L9KS TO ,FREEMASONRY 6 ,! ,F,O HAS A /AKE 9 ,SOCIAL ,SECURITY AS ?IS IS RUN BY BO>DS 9 :I* ! UNIONS1 BUT 9 P>TICUL> ,F,O1 HAVE A DOM9AT+ 9FLU5CE4 

,SO ! P[] ( ! UNIONS TO CONTROL ! MASS ( ! WORK+ CLASS IS MU* MORE LIMIT$ ?AN 9 ,BRITA94 ,& MANY MEMB]S ( UNIONS HAVE FEW ILLUSIONS 9 ! UNION LEAD]S4 

,! AGITATION 9 ! WORK+ CLASS WAS PREC$$ BY AGITATION AMONG ! /UD5TS 9 ,SEPTEMB] & ,OCTOB]4 ! CONDITION ( /UD5T LIFE HAS DET]IORAT$ MORE & MORE OV] ! LA/ FEW YE>S1 ) RIS+ R5TS & A DECREAS+ NUMB] ( TEA*]S4 ,! NUMB] ( WORK+ CLASS Y\? AMONG ! /UD5TS HAS 9CREAS$ CONSID]ABLY OV] ! LA/ FEW YE>S4 ,OCCUPATIONS SPREAD ?R\< ! C\NTRY1 SET (F BY A #c WEEK /RIKE ( /UD5TS AT ,R\51 & DEMON/RATIONS ( 9 TOTAL MORE ?AN #a1 TOOK PLACE ON #ba ,NOVEMB] ALL OV] ,FRANCE4 ,AMONG DEM&S PUT =W>D W]E EQUAL RI<TS ( =EIGN /UD5TS1 & !RE WAS A CALL TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! DEMON/RATION ( #bd ,NOVEMB] ( /RIK]S 9 !PUBLIC SECTOR4 ,RADICAL SLOGANS BEGAN TO EM]GE AMONG #d 0ORD9>Y0 /UD5TS :O ATT5D$ ?IS DEMON/RATION1 ) 0,POLICE EV]Y:]E1 ,JU/ICE NO:]E60 & 0 ,! SOLE SOLUTION1 REVOLUTION60 ,FAC$ ) GR[+ RADICALIZATION ! DIFF]5T /UD5T UNIONS ( ,U,N,E,F & ,U,N,E,F-,I,D MADE COMMON CAUSE TO MA9TA9 !IR CONTROL1RADICALIZ+ !IR [N SLOGANS ) CALLS = 0,UNIV]SITIES OP5 TO WORK]S' *ILDR51 UNIV]SITY CLOS$ TO PRIVATE 9T]E/S04 ,O!R SIGNS ( RADICALIZATION ON #ba ,NOVEMB] W]E :5 #c ,QUIMP]LE /UD5TS BO>D$ A TRA9 = ! ,P>IS DEMO1 REFUS+ TO PAY !IR F>ES4 ,?R[N (F ! TRA91 !Y BLOCK$ ! TRACK1 & ! AU?ORITIES W]E =C$ TO LET !M RIDE4 

,! /R5G? ( ?IS MOVEM5T1 =C$ UNIV]SITY AU?ORITIES & /UD5T UNION BUREAUCRATS TO MAKE LOCAL DEALS4 ,ALL ( ?IS WAS TO BE ECLIPS$ BY ! MOVEM5T ( ! WORK+ CLASS4,ALREADY ON #a ,OCTOB] A G5]AL /RIKE 9 ! PUBLIC SECTOR HAD PULL$ \T #e1 DEMON/RATORS ?R\<\T ,FRANCE4 

,! ,C,F,D,T & O!R SMALL] UNIONS ACCEPT$ ! ATTACKS ON P5SIONS4 ,9 ! TALKS ?AT ! GOV]NM5T HAD ) ITS 0SOCIAL P>TN]S01 ! UNIONS1 ON SOCIAL SECURITY1ONLY ! ,C,G,T WAS OPPOS$4 ,! ,F,O WAS PROMIS$ ?AT IT W\LD RETA9 CONTROL ( ! BO>DS1 & SO MA9TA9 ONE ( ITS *IEF P[] BASES4 ,ON #ae ,NOVEMB] ! ,JUPPE ,PLAN WAS UNVEIL$ 9 ,P>LIAM5T1 & WAS HAIL$ BY ,NICOLE ,NOTAT1 A ,C,F,D,T LEAD]4 ,! FOLL[+ DAY A SECTION ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY L$ BY ,ROC>D & ,LANG VOIC$ !IR APPROVAL ( ! ,PLAN4 ,! ANG] ( ! WORK]S =C$ AN AB\T FACE 9 ! ,F,O1 & ! ,C,G,T TO CALL = ! DAY ( ACTION ON ! #b#d?4 ,?IS PULL$ \T BETWE5 #e1 & #a MILLION PEOPLE ALL OV] ,FRANCE- 9 P>TICUL> 9 ,T\LOSE1 ,BORDEAUX1 ,M>SEILLE1 ,NANTES & ,R5NES4 ,9 ,P>IS ,NOTAT'S LIM\S9E WAS ATTACK$ BY MEMB]S ( H] [N UNION4 ,! UNIONS CONT9U$ TO SABOTAGE ! MOVEM5T BY !IR OLD TRICK ( CALL+ DEMON/RATIONS ON DIFF]5T DAYS OR 9 DIFF]5T P>TS ( T[N FROM EA* O!R4 ! RAILWORK]S CALL$ = A CONT9UANCE ( ! /RIKE1 & UNIV]SITIES AT ,NANTES & ,T\RS W]E OCCUPI$4 

,ON ! #e? DAY ( ! RAIL/RIKE1 :I* WAS ALMO/ TOTAL1 MORE DEMOS TOOK PLACE4 #e1 CAME \T 9 ,P>IS4 ,! GOV]NM5T SAID IT WAS NOT BACK+ D[N4 

,BY #c ,NOVEMB] ! /RIKES HAD SPREAD4 ,! BUS & TUBE WORK]S W]E \T 9 ,P>IS1 & BUS WORK]S /RUCK 9 O!R P>TS ( ,FRANCE4 ,9 ! ,PO/ HALF ! SORT+ (FICES W]E CLOS$ D[N1 ) #f.0 ON /RIKE4 ,!RE WAS /RONG SUPPORT = A /RIKE AMONG P[] WORK]S4 ,! DAY ( ACTION ON ?IS DATE MOBILIZ$ #c1 9 ! /REETS4 ,9 ,NANTES1 ,P>IS & ,MONTPELLI] !RE W]E CLA%ES ) ! POLICE4 ,9 ,M>SEILLES1 SEV]AL ?\S& UNEMPLOY$ HEAD$ ! DEMO1 FOLL[$ BY A JO9T RAILWORK]-/UD5T BANN]4 ,BY ! #cRD ,DECEMB] #h \T ( #ac SORT+ (FICES W]E \T ON /RIKE4 

,AT ! ,R5AULT C> FACTORIES1 ! ,C,G,T SABOTAG$ ACTION BY >GU+ AGA9/ 0PREMATURE ACTION04 ,SEV]AL HUNDR$ RAILWORK]S FROM ,SOTTEVILLE-LES -,R\5 HAD M>*$ TO ! ,R5AULT FACTORY AT ,CLEON TO >GUE = ! C>WORK]S TO JO9 ! /RIKE MOVEM5T4 ,IF MOVEM5T HAD TAK5 PLACE 9 !SE SYMBOLIC L>GE FACTORIES1 ?IS CALL$ HAVE PULL$ \T L>GE SECTIONS ( WORK]S 9 ! PRIVATE SECTOR4 

,A CALL = UNLIMIT$ /RIKE ACTION WAS RAIS$ 9 TELECOMMUNICATIONS ON ! #d? ,DECEMB]1 & WORK]S PREP>$ TO /RIKE 9 ! TAX (FICES & 9 $UCATION4 ON ! FOLL[+ DAY1 A MILLION PEOPLE DEMON/RAT$ 9 ! /REETS C\NTRY-WIDE4 ,! /RIK+ P[] WORK]S PUT MANY T[NS ON0 NI<T SUPPLY0-7,BRE/1 ,GR5OBLE1 ,CL]MONT1 ,C>CASSONE1 ,MULH\SE1 ,BAYONNE1 ,*>LEVILLE7 9 O!R WORDS A MU* LIMIT$ SUPPLY ( ELECTRICITY4 

,BY N[ ! ,JUPPE ADM9I/RATION IS BEG9N+ TO MAKE 0CONCESSIONS0 AGREE+ TO MEET ! UNION LEAD]S4 ,NOTAT ACCEPTS1 ! O!RS UND] MASSIVE PRESSURE FROM ! BASE >E =C$ TO REFUSE4 ,AGA9 ON #g ,DECEMB] #a MILLION DEMON/RAT$4 ,HUGE DEMOS 9 PLACES ?AT HAD NEV] SE5 ! LIKE TOOK PLACE- LIKE ,CA51 ,R\5 ,BAYONNE & ,LIMOGES4 

,9 ,T\L\SE ! DEMOS TOOK ON ! ATMOSPH]E ( A FE/IVAL- ON #ab ,DECEMB] AFT] #b DEMOS ?AT HAD TAK5 PLACE ?AT DAY1 ! MA9 RAILWAY /ATION WAS TURN$ 9TO A HUGE /AGE BY ! OCCUPY+ RAILWORK]S 9 ALLIANCE ) /UD5TS & TEA*]S4 ,MORE ?AN #b1 P>TICIPAT$ ) FREE MUSIC CONC]TS & DR9K SUPPLI$4 ,! SAME DAY A 0FE/IVAL ( ! OPPRESS$0 TOOK PLACE 9 A 0POPUL>0 NEI<BORHOOD41 :]E ALL ?OSE 9 /RUGGLE W]E 9VIT$41 ON ! 9ITIATIVE ( A SQUATT]S GR\P4 ,! FIREFI<T]S W]E CALL$ \T TO PUT \T A BONFIRE !RE1 & REFUS$ TO ACT4 ,! POLICE !N ATTACK$ ! FE/IVAL VICI\SLY4 ,ON ! #a#e? A HUNDR$ HOMELESS OCCUPI$ A L>GE BUILD+ 9 ! CITY4 ,! FOLL[+ DAY ! RIOT POLICE ATTACK$ A DEMO \TSIDE ! T[N HALL4 ,TWO H\RS ( FI<T+ TOOK PLACE 9 :I* ! POLICE BOMB>D$ ! CR[D ) TE> GAS CANI/]S1 BREAK+ W9D[S & SETT+ FIRE TO A FLAT4 

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