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,AU?OR 3 ,COL9 ,W>D 

,TEXT 3 

,! ,W,O,R,D ,A,N,>,*,Y ,M,E,A,N,S 0,),\,T ,A,U,?,O,R,I,T,Y01 & AN>*ISM AS A SOCIAL !ORY IMPLIES AN ATTEMPT TO PROVIDE = SOCIAL & P]SONAL NE$S FROM ! BOTTOM UP1 RA!R ?AN FROM SOME GOV]NM5T OR O!R AU?ORITY D[N1 OR = SOME-ONE ELSE'S PR(IT4 ,IT IMPLIES AN EXT5SION ( ! IDEA ( VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATIONS & AUTONOM\S GR\PS TO COV] ! :OLE FIELD ( HUMAN ACTIVITY4 

,! AN>*I/ ?US HAS PECULI> DIFFICULTIES 9 =MULAT+ AN APPROA* TO QUE/IONS LIKE H\S+1 9 :I* ! 9ITIATIVE IS SO MU* 9 ! H&S ( PEOPLE ) POLITICAL1 F9ANCIAL & ECONOMIC P[]1 & SO LITTLE 9 ?OSE ( PEOPLE ) NONE ( !SE ?+S1 BUT SIMPLY ! NE$ = A RO( OV] !IR HEADS4 ,AN OLD] G5]ATION ( AN>*I/S1 ADOPT+ A MILITANT & REVOLUTION>Y APPROA*1 W\LD PO9T \T ?AT ! H\S+ PROBLEM IS A P]MAN5T FEATURE ( MOD]N SOCIETY :I* ONLY A REVOLUTION W\LD ]ADICATE4 ,!Y W]E RI<T1 NO D\BT2 WE /ILL HAVE A H\S+ PROBLEM1 & !Y DIDN'T GET !IR REVOLUTION4 ,BUT S9CE WE >E TODAY ADVOCAT+ AN>*ISM AS AN APPROA* & NOT SIMPLY AS A HYPO!TICAL DE/9ATION1 WE HAVE TO LOOK >\ND = ?OSE FIELDS 9 :I* MEANS :I* >E 9 H>MONY ) AN>*I/ 5DS CAN BE APPLI$ TODAY4 ,& ! DIFFICULTY EXP]I5C$ 9 LOCAT+ EXAMPLES IS A MEASURE ( ! WAY 9 :I* SO VITAL & BASIC A HUMAN NE$ AS H\S+ HAS SLIPP$ \T ( ! RANGE ( ?+S :I* ORD9>Y PEOPLE CAN PROVIDE = !MSELVES4 ,EV5 SU* CR$IT ORGANIZATIONS AS BUILD+ SOCIETIES :I* W]E ORIG9ALLY 9/ITUT$ 9 ! E>LY #a#i? C5TURY AS ORGANS ( WORK+ CLASS MUTUAL AID1 HAVE BECOME VA/ MONEY-L5D+ ORGANIZATIONS :I* MO/ WORK+-CLASS PEOPLE >E NOT CR$IT-WOR?Y 5\< TO EMPLOY4 ,RAY ,GOSL+ PO9T$ \T REC5TLY 9 ,NEW ,SOCIETY ?AT EV5 S9CE ! YE>S JU/ BE=E ! W> ! RANGE ( PEOPLE ABLE TO MAKE USE ( BUILD+ SOCIETIES HAS 0GONE UP A CLASS40 

,A YE> AGO1 9 ,A,N,>,*,Y #b#c1 WE ATTEMPT$ TO SURVEY ! POSSIBILITIES ( POPUL> 9T]V5TION 9 ! FIELD ( H\S+1 BY DISCUSS+ ! POT5TIALITIES ( H\S+ SOCIETIES1 9CLUD+ SELF-BUILD SOCIETIES1 & BY GIV+ AN ACC\NT ( ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT EXAMPLE ( DIRECT ACTION = H\S+1 ! 0SQUATT]S' MOVEM5T0 IMM$IATELY AFT] ! LA/ W>4 

,9 ?IS ISSUE ANO!R ASPECT ( POPUL> DIRECT ACTION = H\SES IS DESCRIB$1 ?ANKS TO ! MAT]IAL1 GA!R$ 9 ,S\? ,AM]ICA BY ,JOHN ,TURN]1 :I* =M$ A REC5T SPECIAL ISSUE ( ! J\RNAL ,>*ITECTURAL ,DESIGN1 FROM :I* WE REPRODUCE ,WILLIAM ,MANG9'S CASE HI/ORY1 :I*1 AP>T FROM ITS 9TR9SIC HUMAN 9T]E/1 ILLU/RATES A SIMIL> PATT]N ( EVOLUTION TO ?AT ( PREVI\S EXAMPLES4 ,JOHN ,TURN] >GUES ?AT ! SQUATT]S' SETTLEM5TS OR B>RIADAS ( ,P]U1 0F> FROM BE+ A PROBLEM >E 9 FACT ! ONLY FEASIBLE SOLUTION TO ! RAPID URBANIZATION PROBLEM01 & ,>*ITECTURAL ,DESIGN NOTES ?AT3 

,AL?\< ! #c#e1 PEOPLE :O 9HABIT ! B>RIADAS ( ,LIMA >E LIV+ \TSIDE ! LAW1 9 ?AT !Y HAVE NO LEGAL RI<T TO ! L& !Y HAVE SETTL$ ON1 !IR DET]M9ATION TO REMA9 HAS WON !M ! TOL]ANCE ( ! PUBLIC AU?ORITIES1 :O N[1 ?R\< ! ,JUNTA ,NACIONAL DE LA ,VIVI5DA1 ALLOCATE AID1 AT FIR/ EXP]IM5TAL1 BUT LAT] MORE SY/EMATIC1 TO ! MORE P]MAN5T ( ! COMMUNITIES4 

,?IS IS ! SAME SEQU5CE ( ,9ITIATIVE1 ,CONSOLIDATION1 ,SUCCESS & ,(FICIAL ,ACTION1 :I* WE NOTIC$ 9 ALL PREVI\S EXAMPLES ( DIRECT ACTION APPLI$ TO ! H\S+ PROBLEM 9 A NON-REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION4 7,! READ] ( ,WILLIAM ,MANG9'S >TICLE WILL NOTICE ?AT ! B>RIADA BUILD]S ( ,LIMA DO NOT BY ANY MEANS CONSID] !MSELVES TO BE REVOLUTION>IES47 

,LITTLE HAS HAPP5$ 9 ! ,H\S+ ,SOCIETY MOVEM5T S9CE ! >TICLE 0,:AT ,HOPE = ,H\S+ ,SOCIETIES0 9 ,A,N,>,*,Y #b#c1 TO MAKE !M A FEASIBLE PROPOSITION = PEOPLE ( AV]AGE E>N+S4 ,! GOV]NM5T PROMISES FUR!R LOANS1 BUT NOT AT ! K9D ( 9T]E/ RATES :I* W\LD BR+ D[N ! CO/4 7,9 ?IS CONNECTION SEE ! DISCUSSION 9 ?IS ISSUE1 FROM TWO PO9TS ( VIEW BO? CLAIM+ TO BE AN>*I/1 ( LOCAL AU?ORITY H\S+47 

,A QUITE DIFF]5T APPROA* TO ! H\S+ QUE/ION IS RAIS$ BY ,T$DY ,GOLD 9 ?IS ISSUE4 ,EV5 IF WE C\LD ALL GET H\SES1 IS ! /&>DIZ$ SOLUTION ( ! ONE-FAMILY H\SE OR FLAT1 ! K9D ( H\S+ WE REALLY WANT8 ,HE IS CAMPAIGN+ TO />T A H\S+ SOCIETY TO BUILD ,MULTIPLE-,FAMILY UNITS1 = ! REASONS :I* HIS >TICLE SET \T4 ,?IS MOVES FROM ! QUE/ION ( H\S+ TO ?AT ( ! FAMILY3 IS ! /ATI/ICALLY /&>D FAMILY ! K9D WE REALLY WANT TO BELONG TO8 ,H[ MANY HAPPY FAMILIES DO Y\ KN[8 

,BUT ! H\S+ NEWS ( ! YE> HAS UND\BT$LY BE5 ! REVELATIONS ( RACKETE]+ L&LORDISM KN[N AS ,RA*MANISM :I* BECAME 0NEWS0 SIMPLY BECAUSE ! LATE ,MR ,RA*MAN %>$ A MI/RESS ) PEOPLE CONC]N$ 9 ! ,PR(UMO SC&AL4 ,T5ANTS HAVE BE5 DISCOV]-+ ?AT UNITY IS /R5G?4 ,! ,SPECTATOR'S ACC\NT ( ! =MATION ( ! ,/ ,/EPH5'S ,T5ANTS ,ASSOCIATION CONCLUD$ ?US3 

,( C\RSE1 IT WAS DIFFICULT TO P]SUADE T5ANTS1 EV5 IF !IR R5TS W]E GROSSLY UNFAIR1 TO TAKE ! RISK ( GO+ TO ! ,TRIBUNAL & 9CURR+ ! WRA? ( !IR L&LORDS4 ,H[EV]1 F\RTE5 W]E PILOT$ ?R\< ! T]RORS ( REPRISAL TO SUCCESS4 ,! R$UCTIONS RANG$ FROM ONE-?IRD TO TWO-?IRDS4 

,IT WASN'T AN 5TIRELY BLOODLESS VICTORY3 ! T5ANTS W]E ?REAT5$ BY AG5TS ( ! L&LORDS BE=E !Y W5T TO ! ,TRIBUNAL 7ONE T5ANT WAS VISIT$ BY TWO M5 & AN ,ALSATIAN71 & !Y W]E ?REAT5$ AGA9 AFT] ! R$UCTIONS HAD BE5 MADE 7ONE WAS ATTACK$ BY F\R M5 ) EMPTY BOTTLES & CAME AWAY ) A BROK5 WRI/ & ABRASIONS74 

,BUT BEYOND ! 9DIVIDUAL GA9S AGA9/ BAD L&LORDS & ! OCCASIONAL D5TS 9FLICT$ ON (FICIAL COMPLAC5CY 70,WE ALL KN[ :AT DREADFUL ?+S >E HAPP5+4 ,IT IS UP TO ! PEOPLE TO GO TO ! POLICE4 ,WE AS ! BOR\< C\NCIL CAN DO NO?+ AT ALL071 ! M]E COM+ 9TO EXI/5CE ( A GR\P ( PEOPLE1 :ITE & COLOR$ 9DISCRIM9ATELY1 = ! EXPRESS PURPOSE ( IMPROV+ !IR LIV+ CONDITIONS1 =C$ L&LORDS TO TREAD MORE W>ILY1 AU?ORITIES TO UNCOV] BL9D EYES1 & ! T5ANTS !MSELVES TO REALIZE ?AT !Y W]E NOT QUITE AS HELPLESS AS !Y HAD ONCE SUPPOS$4 

,LAT] CAME ! EVICTION ( ,MRS ,COBB1 DUR+ :I* ! POLICE DI/+UI%$ !MSELVES1 & ! =MATION ( FUR!R T5ANTS' ASSOCIATIONS 9 O!R BOR\<S4 ,COL9 ,MAC,9NES COMM5T$ ?AT 0,DIRECT ACTION ( ! K9D ADOPT$ BY ! T5ANTS' ASSOCIATIONS MAY NOT BE UNCONNECT$ ) ! REC5T M>K$ UPSURGE ( AN>*ISM AMONG ! Y\NG 9 !IR TACTICS1 ?AT IS1 IF NOT ALWAYS 9 !IR CONSCI\S PHILOSOPHY40 

,P]HAPS ?IS IS OPTIMI/IC1 BUT SOME?+ HAS TO HAPP5 TO BREAK ! H\S+ /ALEMATE1 SOME?+ BEYOND RELIANCE ON ! PROMISES ( ! POLITICIANS 9 READ9ESS = ! G5]AL ELECTION ?IS YE>4 

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