,H[ ,NEW IS ! ',NEW ,ORD]' ( ,FASCISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 ,P>TISAN ,REVIEW1 ,NEW ,YORK1 ,VOL4 ,V,I,I,I1 ,NO4 #d1 ,JULY_/,AUGU/ #a#i#d#a1 PP4 #b#h#i-#c#a4 
,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,?OMAS ,S*MIDT2 

,! DEMOCRATIC NATIONS RECOGNIZE 9 ! TOTALIT>IAN REGIMES NEW SOCIAL & 
ECONOMIC SY/EMS 9COMPATIBLE ) !IR [N IDEAS ( FRE$OM & PROGRESS4 ,! 
FASCI/S1 TOO1 SPEAK ( ! EXI/5CE ( 0TWO WORLDS0 :I* MU/ 
FI<T EA* O!R UNTIL ONE ( !M SUCCUMBS4 ,! DEMOCRACIES BECOME 
9CREAS+LY MORE 0FASCI/IC0 ! MORE VIGOR\SLY !Y DEF5D !IR 
SY/EM4 ,& ! FASCI/S CLAIM ?AT !RE IS MORE 0REAL DEMOCRACY0 
)9 !IR 0NEW ORD]0 ?AN !RE EV] WAS 9 LIB]AL CAPITALISM4 
,!Y SEE 9 !IR [N RISE TO P[] A REAL REVOLUTION ?AT IS *ANG+ ! 
:OLE ( SOCIETY4 ,SOME 0ANTI-FASCI/S0 %>E ?IS VIEW1 BUT SPEAK 
( ! 0FASCI/ REVOLUTION0 AS A 0SUB/ITUTE 
REVOLUTION10 0MIDDLE-CLASS REVOLUTION10 0MANAG]IAL 
REVOLUTION10 0NIHILI/ REVOLUTION10 & SO =?4 ,O!RS 
DESCRIBE ! PRES5T SOCIAL TRANS=MATION AS A 0C\NT]-REVOLUTION 
AGA9/ A REVOLUTION ?AT DID NOT TAKE PLACE10 OR AS A POLITICAL MOVEM5T 
?AT M]ELY S]VES ! 9T]NAL & IMP]IALI/IC 9T]E/S ( MONOPOLY 
CAPITALISM4 

,! ABUNDANCE ( DEF9ITIONS ( FASCISM IS1 9 ITSELF1 9T]E/+ BUT IT 
DOES NOT HELP TO LAY B>E ! REAL DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! FASCI/IC /ATES & 
! CAPITALI/IC DEMOCRACIES4 ,?AT DIFF]5CES EXI/ IS OBVI\S4 ,AN 
9VE/IGATION ( ! *ANGE FROM ! 0OLD0 9TO ! 
0NEW0 SOCIAL ORD] %[S1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! TRANSITION AFFECTS ONLY 
SOME1 NOT ALL ( ! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC RELATION%IPS ?AT CON/ITUTE ! 
CAPITALI/IC SY/EM4 ,! QUE/IONS >E1 !N3 7#a7 ,>E !SE DIFF]5CES 
IMPORTANT 5\< TO JU/IFY ! CLAIM ?AT AN OLD SOCIO-ECONOMIC SY/EM HAS 
BE5 REPLAC$ BY A NEW & BASICALLY DIFF]5T SY/EM8 7#b7 ,WILL ! 
NEW SY/EM BE SUBJECT TO ! CONTRADICTIONS & DEVELOPM5TAL LAWS ( 
CAPITALISM8 

,LAISSEZ ,FAIRE V]SUS ,/ATE ,CONTROL 

,! ESS5TIAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! 0OLD0 & ! 
0NEW0 SOCIAL ORD] IS ?AT BETWE5 LAISSEZ FAIRE & A 
CONTROLL$ ECONOMY4 ,! G5]AL COMPETITION :I* *>ACT]IZ$ ! E>LY /AGE 
( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T WAS 9T]PRET$ AS AN ASSURANCE ?AT ! M>KET 
ME*ANISM ( ! COMMODITY-PRODUC+ SOCIETY PROVID$ = A MORE OR LESS 
H>MONI\S GR[? ( PRODUCTION & ! WEAL? ( NATIONS4 ,:OEV] PROSP]$ 
UND] LAISSEZ FAIRE WAS B\ND TO BELIEVE 9 A LAW ( SUPPLY & 
DEM& ?AT BR\<T ORD] 9TO SOCIAL PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION4 ,:OEV] 
DID NOT F>E SO WELL WAS 9CL9$ TO REBEL AGA9/ ?IS PHILOSOPHY4 ,FREE TRADE1 
RECOGNIZ$ AS ADVANTAGE\S TO ! MORE DEVELOP$ CAPITALI/ NATIONS1 C\LD BE 
OPPOS$ BY ! LESS DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES ONLY ) ADDITIONAL POLITICAL MEANS 
SU* AS /ATE-FO/]$ 9DU/RIES & T>IFF REGULATIONS4 ,! LAISSEZ 
FAIRE !ORY WAS OPPOS$ BY !ORIES FAVOR+ /ATE 9T]V5TIONS 9 ! 
ECONOMY4 

,! QUE/ION ( FREE-TRADE WAS ALWAYS DEBAT$ & NEV] SOLV$4 ,IT C\LD NOT 
BE SOLV$ BECAUSE ! PROTECTIONI/S W]E PROTECTIONI/S ONLY 9 ORD] TO 
COMPETE ) ! FREE-TRAD]S2 ! LATT] CONTROLL+ ! TRADE ( ! WORLD1 
W]E ACTUALLY PROTECTIONI/S4 ,!SE ISSUES DISAPPE>$ TEMPOR>ILY :5EV] 
!RE WAS RAPID CAPITAL EXPANSION & !Y ALWAYS RETURN$ AS SOON AS ?IS 
EXPANSION /OPP$4 

,H[EV]1 ! PRES5T-DAY /RUGGLE BETWE5 0DEMOCRATIC0 & 
0FASCI/0 ECONOMIES1 ?\< /ILL P>TLY DET]M9$ BY ! 
9EQUALITY ( OPPORTUNITIES = P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! WORLD-EXPLOITATION ( 
LABOR1 GOES BEYOND ! OLD /RUGGLE4 ,TODAY /ATE 9T]F]5CES 9 ! ECONOMY 
>E NO LONG] RE/RICT$ TO NATIONAL PROTECTION AGA9/ =EIGN COMPETITION BUT 
9VOLVE ! DE/RUCTION ( ! 9T]NAL M>KET AS WELL4 ,( C\RSE1 EV5 ! 
=M] LIMIT$ =M ( /ATE 9T]F]5CE DI/URB$ ! 9T]NAL M>KETS1 BUT 
! ADJU/M5T TO NEW SITUATIONS ?US CREAT$ WAS LEFT TO ! DECISIONS ( ! 
9DIVIDUAL CAPITALI/S4 ,/ATE 9T]F]5CES >E NO LONG] DESIGN$ MA9LY = 
PROTECTIVE BUT = AGGRESSIVE PURPOSES2 !Y >E ! M$IUM ( PRES5T-DAY 
IMP]IALISM4 

,LONG BE=E ! RISE ( FASCISM1 COMPETITIVE CAPITALISM WAS REPLAC$ 9 EA* 
CAPITALI/ NATION BY MONOPOLY CAPITALISM4 ,! M>KETS W]E CONTROLL$ BY TRU/S 
& C>TELS4 ,! DEVELOPM5T FROM LAISSEZ FAIRE TO MONOPOLY CAPITALISM 
L$ TO ! CREATION ( ! WORLD M>KET1 ! 9T]NATIONAL DIVISION ( LABOR1 
! CONC5TRATION ( CAPITAL1 & ! 9CREASE ( ! PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR4 
,!Y >E ALL 9T]DEP5D5T2 ONE IS UN?9KABLE )\T ! O!RS4 

,! FASCI/ ECONOMY & ITS SOCIAL /RUCTURE IS ! DIRECT \TCOME ( ! 
PREVI\S PROCESS ( CAPITALI/IC COMPETITION4 ,IT IS ?US NOT POSSIBLE TO OPPOSE 
FASCISM )\T OPPOS+ CAPITALISM DUR+ ALL ITS DEVELOPM5TAL /AGES4 ,?AT 
NOT ALL CAPITALI/ NATIONS REA* !IR FASCI/ 0MATURITY0 
SIMULTANE\SLY IS EXPLA9$ BY ! SIMPLE FACT ?AT !IR DEVELOPM5T DID NOT 
/>T AT ! SAME TIME & UND] ID5TICAL CONDITIONS4 ,!RE IS1 H[EV]1 AN 
APP>5T CONTRADICTION H]E2 = IF FASCISM MU/ BE REG>D$ AS ! DIRECT 
\TCOME ( ! PREVI\S CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T IT %\LD APPE> FIR/ 9 ! 
OLDE/ & MO/ ADVANC$ NATIONS4 ,BUT ?IS IS NOT ! CASE4 ,RUSSIA1 9 :I* WE 
F9D ! MO/ COMPLETE TOTALIT>IAN SY/EM1 WAS ONE ( ! MO/ BACKW>D 
NATIONS1 AS WAS ,ITALY :I* EXP]I5C$ ! FIR/ 0FASCI/ 
REVOLUTION40 ,G]MANY WAS A COMP>ATIVELY NEW & POOR CAPITALI/ NATION 
& SO W]E ,JAPAN1 ,TURKEY1 ,MEXICO4 

,WE MAY RECALL H]E ?AT ,M>X TOGE!R ) ! LIB]AL ECONOMI/S ?\<T 
?AT 0! MORE DEVELOP$ NATION ONLY %[S TO ! LESS DEVELOP$ ! 
IMAGE ( ITS [N FUTURE40.<#a.> ,HI/ORY 
HAS MEAN:ILE %[N ?AT ! OPPOSITE IS EQUALLY TRUE4 ,:]EAS ,M>X1 FROM HIS 
PO9T ( VIEW1 WAS 9CL9$ TO 

0FAVOR ! FREE TRADE SY/EM1 BECAUSE IT BREAKS OLD 
NATIONALITIES & C>RIES ANTAGONISM ( PROLET>IAT & B\RGEOISIE TO ! 
UTT]MO/ PO9T & ?US HA/5S ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 :ILE ! PROTECTIVE 
SY/EM IS CONS]VATIVE10.<#b.> 

PRES5T-DAY PROPON5TS ( 0NATIONAL ECONOMY10 AS OPPOS$ TO 
MOD]N 0FREE-TRAD]S10 PROVE ?AT !Y CAN 0DE/ROY OLD 
NATIONALITIES0 MORE EFFECTIVELY EV5 ?AN CAN ! 0FREE PLAY0 
( CAPITALI/IC =CES4 ,!Y HAVE ACTUALLY SUCCE$$ 9 C>RY+ ! 
0ANTAGONISM BETWE5 PROLET>IAT & B\RGEOISIE TO ! UTT]MO/ 
PO9T40 ,& AS F> AS HA/5+ ! REVOLUTION IS CONC]N$1 BO? SY/EMS 
HAVE BE5 ABLE EQUALLY TO PREV5T ITS ACTUAL OCCURR5CE4 

,! SPECIFIC =M 9 :I* SURPLUS LABOR WAS TAK5 FROM ! PRODUC]S WAS 
SIMIL> 9 BO? ! LAISSEZ FAIRE & ! PROTECTIVE SY/EMS4 ,SIMIL>1 
ALSO1 = ALL CAPITALI/ NATIONS W]E ! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC CONSEQU5CES 
:I* /EMM$ FROM ?IS EXPLOITATIVE RELATION%IP4 ,\TSIDE ( ?IS 
RELATION%IP1 H[EV]1 !RE W]E GREAT V>IATIONS & GRADATIONS 9 ! 
DIFF]5T NATIONAL ECONOMIES :I* ALL[$ = DIFF]5T POLITICAL /RUCTURES4 
,?AT ! FREE-TRADE SY/EM WAS = A TIME DOM9ANT & ?US ! 
0PROGRESSIVE0 ONE DOES NOT MAKE IT ! CAPITALI/IC SY/EM P] 
SE4 ,IT C\LD HAVE BE5 REPLAC$ AT ANY TIME 9 ANY C\NTRY BY A PROTECTIVE 
SY/EM1 & ! *ANGE W\LD HAVE BE5 NOT 9 ! CAPITALI/ NATURE ( ! 
NATION BUT ONLY 9 ITS COMPETITIVE ME?ODS4 

,! MORE RAPIDLY CAPITAL ACCUMULATES1 ! MORE IT BECOMES CONC5TRAT$4 
,UNTIL ! WORLD W> ! MORE HI<LY DEVELOP$ CAPITALI/ NATIONS W]E ALSO ! 
MORE C5TRALIZ$4 ,! 0RI*]0 A C\NTRY WAS 9 AN ECONOMIC S5SE1 
H[EV]1 ! LESS URG5T WAS ITS NE$ TO RULE POLITICALLY4 ,9 ,AM]ICA1 = 
9/ANCE1 ! P[]FUL CAPITALI/S C\LD IGNORE ! GOV]NM5T TO ! PO9T 
:]E ! LAT] SEEM$ AT TIMES TO BE 9 /RICT OPPOSITION TO ! NE$S ( ,BIG 
,BUS9ESS4 ,9 POOR C\NTRIES LIKE ,JAPAN1 ! CONC5TRATION ( WEAL? WAS FROM 
! BEG9N+ ID5TICAL ) ! CONC5TRATION ( POLITICAL P[]4 ,9 ,G]MANY1 
TOO1 

0! GOV]NM5T DISPLAY$ ALL ! 9ITIATIVE 9 ! 
CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T ?AT 9 ! ,WE/]N WORLD RE/$ ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY ) 
PRIVATE CAPITALI/S40.<#c.> 

,BUT ! ,WE/]N WORLD DID NOT %R9K FROM /ATE 9T]F]5CE 9 ! ECONOMY 
:5EV] IT SEEM$ PR(ITABLE4 ,NAPOLEON ,I,I,I1 = 9/ANCE1 9 HIS POLICIES 
REG>D+ FREE-TRADE & PROTECTIONISM 0TURN$ TO ! RI<T & !N TO 
! LEFT & ONE C\LD NEV] TELL :]E HE WAS GO+40.<#d.> 

,! HI< CAPITAL CONC5TRATION ALREADY REA*$ 9 ! MORE 
0SUCCESSFUL0 NATIONS ACC\NTS = ! =C$ CONC5TRATION ( 
WEAL? & P[] 9 ! MORE BACKW>D C\NTRIES4.<#e.> ,9 ?IS =C$ C5TRALIZATION WE SEE ! REAL 
9T]NATIONAL *>ACT] ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION :I* =CES ITS WEAKE/ UNITS 
TO REA* & OV]TAKE ! RI*] NATIONS4 ,:5 AT AN E>LI] /AGE ! BACKW>D 
NATIONS OPPOS$ ! MONOPOLI/IC POSITION ( ! LAISSEZ FAIRE NATIONS 
) MONOPOLI/IC ACTIONS BY WAY ( /ATE 9T]F]5CES & ?US ESCAP$ 
ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION BY SIMPLY REFUS+ TO LET ! 0M>KET 
DICTATE0 TO !M1 !Y C\NT]$ AN EFFECTIVE COMPETITIVE ME?OD ) A 
/ILL MORE EFFECTIVE ONE4 ,:5 TODAY ! HI<LY 9DU/RIALIZ$ MONOPOLI/IC 
C\NTRIES COMPETE ) CAPITALI/ICALLY WEAK] NATIONS1 ! LATT] MU/ OPPOSE 
A PRACTICALLY DICTATORIAL ECONOMIC POLICY ) /ILL GREAT] DICTATORIAL 
MEASURES4 ,/ATE PROTECTION 9 ! TRADITIONAL S5SE IS NOT =CEFUL 5\<2 
COMPLETE /ATE CONTROL IS NE$$4 ,& JU/ AS ,HITL]'S RISE TO P[] 
CO9CID$ ) ! ECONOMIC CRISIS ?AT 9 #aibi SPREAD FROM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 
TO ,EUROPE1 SO ALSO ! ,G]MAN TOTALIT>IAN /ATE IS A PRODUCT ( BO? ,G]MAN 
& WORLD CAPITALISM4 ,:OEV] FAVORS ,AM]ICAN DEMOCRACY NECESS>ILY ALSO FAVORS 
,G]MAN FASCISM4 ,9 TURN1 ! ,G]MAN FASCI/S >E JU/ AS RESPONSIBLE = ! 
GR[+ AU?ORIT>IAN T5D5CIES 9 ,AM]ICA AS >E ,AM]ICANS4.<#f.> ,9 BRIEF1 ! 0NEW ORD]0 
CANNOT BE DIVORC$ FROM ! 0OLD ORD]40 

,! REPLACEM5T ( ECONOMIC COMPETITION BY OP5 W>F>E1 ! PR$OM9ANCE ( 
POLITICS OV] ECONOMICS1 :I* SEEMS TO DI/+UI% ! PRES5T FROM ! PA/1 
IS NOT NEW4 ,W>S ACCOMPANI$ ! :OLE CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T2 POLITICS HAVE 
ALWAYS 9T]F]$ ) ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES4 ,! EXPANSION ( CAPITAL DEM&S AN 
9CREASE ( EXPLOITATION & LIKEWISE ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! CONDITIONS ( 
EXPLOITATION4 ,! MILIT>Y ASPECTS ( IMP]IALISM >E AS ESS5TIAL AS ITS 
ECONOMIC REASONS & RESULTS4 ,BESIDES1 ONE %\LD NOT BE SURPRIS$1 AS ,M>X 
ONCE SAID1 

0BY ! B\RGEOISIE'S ?IR/ = CONQUE/4 ,TO 
SEIZE ?+S IS ! VITAL PR9CIPLE ( EV]Y B\RGEOIS & TO TAKE =EIGN 
PROV9CES IS AFT] ALL 'TAK+'40.<#g.> 

,! PROPORTIONS 9 :I* NATIONALLY & 9T]NATIONALLY ! SURPLUS LABOR ( 
! WORLD WAS DIVID$ AMONG ! DIV]SE RUL+ CLASSES WAS TO A L>GE EXT5T1 
BUT NEV] ABSOLUTELY1 DET]M9$ BY EX*ANGE PROCESSES4 ,?US :AT IS NEW 9 ! 
0NEW ORD]' IS ?AT ! =M] RELATION%IP BETWE5 
0ECONOMIC0 & 0EXTRA-ECONOMIC0 MEANS = APPROPRIAT+ 
& DI/RIBUT+ ! SURPLUS LABOR ( ! WORLD HAS BE5 REV]S$4 ,9 ?IS 
S5SE ,GU/AV ,/OLP] IS RI<T :5 HE SAYS ?AT ! ,G]MANY ( TODAY 

0HAS /AK$ H] V]Y EXI/5CE ON ! 
,BLITZKRIEG TE*NIQUE4 ,ON ! SUCCESS OR FAILURE ( ?IS TE*NIQUE ! 
FATE ( ! WORLD DEP5DS4 ,IF IT SUCCE$S1 ! FACE ( ! GLOBE WILL BE 
ALT]$ BEYOND RECOGNITION40.<#h.> 

,H[EV]1 NOT 0,G]MANY0 BUT ! PRES5T ,G]MAN RUL]S HAVE /AK$ 
!IR V]Y EXI/5CE ON ! ,BLITZKRIEG TE*NIQUE4 ,NOT ! FATE ( ! 
WORLD1 BUT ! FATE ( NUM]\S VE/$ 9T]E/S BAS$ ON ! /ATUS 
QUO IS H]E 9VOLV$4.<#i.> 
,NEV]!LESS1 IT IS TRUE ?AT SITUATIONS CAN BE ALT]$ BY POLITICAL MEASURES 
JU/ AS WELL AS1 & AT TIMES EV5 BETT] ?AN1 ?R\< ! 
0ORGANIC0 DEVELOPM5T ( LAISSEZ FAIRE CAPITALISM4 

,COMPETITION & ! ,DE/RUCTION ( ,CAPITAL 

,9 CLASS SOCIETY ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 POLITICS & ECONOMICS REF]S TO 
DIFF]5CES ( ME?OD = APPROPRIAT+ & DI/RIBUT+ ! PRODUCTS TAK5 
FROM ! PRODUC]S BY ! [N]S & CONTROLL]S ( CAPITAL4 ,POLITICAL ME?ODS 
9FLU5CE ECONOMIC MEASURES & VICE V]SA4 ,FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 ! 
DIFF]5CE BETWE5 /ATE PROTECTION 9 ! 0OLD0 ORD] & /ATE 
CONTROL 9 ! 0NEW0 ORD] IS ONLY A DIFF]5CE 9 DEGREE1 A 
QUANTITATIVE *ANGE ?AT IS DET]M9$ BY ! HI<LY MONOPOLI/IC *>ACT] ( 
CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,! 9CREASE 9 CONTROL IS AN ATTEMPT TO BREAK ! 
/AGNATION ( ! DEPRESSION1 I4E41 ! DECL9E ( COMPETITION DUR+ ! 
CRISIS4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ! CRISIS ITSELF %>P5S COMPETITION4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS 
9T5SIFI$ COMPETITION AT FIR/ ONLY HA/5S ! DECL9E ?R\< ITS 
DE/RUCTION ( CAPITAL VALUES4 ,BECAUSE ( NUM]\S BANKRUPTCIES ! CRISIS 
LEADS TO FUR!R CAPITAL CONC5TRATION & TO A SITUATION :]E ?OSE 
5T]PRISES :I* CAN WEA!R ! DEPRESSION >E ONCE MORE CAPABLE ( 
9CREAS+ ! PR(ITABILITY ( !IR PRODUCTION4 ,! COMPETITIVE /RUGGLE1 
= A TIME F\<T ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY 9 ! SPH]E ( DI/RIBUTION1 IS AGA9 
F\<T MA9LY 9 ! SPH]E ( PRODUCTION4 ,?IS LATT] K9D ( COMPETITION 
LEADS TO A NEW PROSP]ITY BECAUSE IT IS A COMPETITION BY WAY ( CAPITAL 
9VE/M5TS4 

,9 =M] DEPRESSIONS A NUMB] ( CAPITALI/ 5T]PRISES DISAPPE>$4 ,?OSE 
?AT ! /ATE DID NOT WI% TO SEE DISAPPE> IT HAD TO SUPPORT ) SUBSIDIES 
EI!R BY GOV]NM5T F9ANC+ OR PROTECTIONI/ MEASURES4 ,LONG BE=E 
,HITL]'S ASC5DANCY 9 ,G]MANY1 A GREAT NUMB] ( CAPITALI/ 5T]PRISES 
W]E 5TIRELY DEP5D5T UPON /ATE SUBSIDIES4 ,! SAME WAS TRUE TO A LESS 
EXT5T 9 O!R NATIONS4 ,H[EV]1 ! CONT9UATION ( COMPETITION BY WAY ( 
CAPITAL 9VE/M5TS DEP5DS ON ! SUCCESSFUL DE/RUCTION ( CAPITAL 9 ! 
SPH]E ( DI/RIBUTION4 ,NATIONAL PROTECTION ( CAPITAL CONTRADICTS ! 
DE/RUCTIVE NE$S ( ! 9T]NATIONALLY DET]M9$ ECONOMY4 ,! MORE ! /ATE 
9T]F]ES1 ! GREAT] ! DIFFICULTY ( OV]COM+ ! DEPRESSION4 ,! DEEP] 
! DEPRESSION1 ! GREAT] ! NE$ = /ATE 9T]F]5CES4 

,FUR!RMORE1 ! MORE MONOPOLIZATION ADVANC$1 ! LESS WAS ! CRISIS ABLE 
TO S]VE AS ! DE/ROY] ( CAPITAL4 ,! MONOPOLIES W]E P[]FUL 5\< TO 
SAFEGU>D !MSELVES AT ! CO/ ( ! RE/ ( SOCIETY4 ,! CRISIS 9 ! 
TRADITIONAL S5SE DISAPPE>$1 BUT PROSP]ITY 9 ! TRADITIONAL S5SE 
DISAPPE>$1 TOO4 ,CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T CEAS$ TO APPE> AS A CYCLE ( 
DEPRESSION & PROSP]ITY1 & ECONOMI/S BEGAN TO POND] OV] ! MEAN+ ( 
0LONG0 & 0%ORT0 WAVES 9 ! BUS9ESS CYCLE4 ,!Y 
BEGAN TO SPEAK ( MONOPOLY CAPITALISM AS A SY/EM ( 0IMP]FECT 
COMPETITION40 ,9 %ORT1 BECAUSE MONOPOLIES C\LD NOT BE SO EASILY 
DE/ROY$ AS W]E =M]LY ! SMALL 5T]PRISES1 ! COMPETITION ?AT 
PREVI\SLY DEEP5$ BUT ALSO OV]CAME ! DEPRESSION LO/ ITS 
0REGULATIVE0 =CE4 

,EV]Y SOCIETY IS 9 NE$ ( REGULATION4 ,IF ! COMPETITIVE PROCESS NO LONG] 
S]VES AS ! 0REGULATOR10 SOCIAL *AOS IS B\ND TO 9CREASE4 ,%ORT 
( ! COMPLETE SOCIALIZATION ( SOCIETY1 ?AT IS1 ! ATTEMPT TO REGULATE 
PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION DIRECTLY & CONSCI\SLY 9 ACCORDANCE ) SOCIAL 
NE$S & DESIRES1 !RE IS NO WAY ( BR++ 0ORD]0 9TO ! 
PREVAIL+ SOCIETY O!R ?AN BY A REVIVAL ( COMPETITION4 ,?IS FACT IS 
ACKN[L$G$ BY BO? LIB]AL & FASCI/ ECONOMI/S4 ,! =M]1 H[EV]1 
ADVOCATE ! RETURN TO AN E>LI] DEVELOPM5TAL /AGE2 !Y ADVOCATE1 ?AT IS1 
BREAK+ UP EXI/+ MONOPOLIES & REE/ABLI%+ MORE G5]AL COMPETITION4 
,! LATT] NOT ONLY WANT1 BUT ACTUALLY BR+ AB\T1 ! RETURN ( 
COMPETITION4 

,! LIB]AL ATTEMPT TO RECAPTURE ! PA/ IS ILLUSORY4 ,BREAK+ UP 
MONOPOLIES )\T ALT]+ ! BASIS ( CAPITAL PRODUCTION CAN LEAD ONLY TO 
! RE=MATION ( MONOPOLIES4 ,ONE CANNOT HAVE ! MAT]IAL BASIS ( 
PRES5T-DAY CAPITALISM1 ! WIDESPREAD DIVISION ( LABOR & L>GE-SCALE 
9DU/RY1 )\T HAV+ MONOPOLIES4 ,! :OLE ?+ IS A PRACTICAL 
IRRESPONSIBILITY2 IT IS ! WI% ( ! DY+ TO LIVE !IR LIVES ALL OV] 
AGA94 ,!IR HOPES M]ELY S]VE ! IDEOLOGICAL NE$S ( MONOPOLI/IC 
CAPITALISM 9 ITS /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! TOTALIT>IAN /ATES4 

,A COMPETITION ?AT S]VES AS A 0REGULATOR0 ( CAPITALI/IC 
PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION CAN BE REVIV$ ONLY 9 ! FASCI/IC MANN]1 ?AT 
IS1 BY BREAK+ UP ! MONOPOLI/ICALLY-DET]M9$ /AGNATION ?R\< /ILL 
GREAT] MONOPOLIZATION4 ,=M]LY ! COMPETITIVE /RUGGLE WAS WAG$ 
SIMULTANE\SLY BY COMPETITIVE 5T]PRISES AMONG !MSELVES1 BY MONOPOLI/IC 
5T]PRISES AMONG !MSELVES1 & BY COMPETITIVE AGA9/ MONOPOLI/IC 
5T]PRISES4 ,LIKEWISE TODAY ! :OLE ( ! CAPITALI/ WORLD IS 5GAG$ 9 ! 
COMPETITIVE /RUGGLE1 :E!R /ILL L>GELY COMPETITIVE1 \TSPOK5LY 
MONOPOLI/IC1 OR ALREADY COMPLETELY /ATE-CONTROLL$4 ,JU/ AS PREVI\SLY ! 
09ITIATIVE0 WAS ON ! SIDE ( ! /RONGE/ CAPITALI/S1 ?AT IS1 
ON ! SIDE ( MONOPOLIES & WAS 05D$0 9 !IR FAVOR1 SO TODAY 
! 09ITIATIVE0 IS ON ! SIDE ( ! TOTALIT>IAN /ATE AS ! 
/RONG] MONOPOLI/IC =CE4 ,! RESULT WILL BE ! VICTORY ( FASCISM 
9DEP5D5T ( ! QUE/ION ( :E!R OR NOT ! PRES5T FASCI/ /ALES WILL 
BE VICTORI\S 9 ! CURR5T W>4 ,BECAUSE ! FASCI/ /ATE IS ABLE TO REVIVE A 
=CEFUL COMPETITION IT IS ! TRUE REPRES5TATIVE ( PRES5T-DAY 
CAPITALISM4 ,IT OP]ATES ) ALL ! COMPETITIVE WEAPONS AT ! DISPOSAL 
( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY SIMULTANE\SLY & 9 A COORD9AT$ MANN] 9 BO? ! 
SPH]E ( PRODUCTION & ! SPH]E ( DI/RIBUTION4 ,ITS COMPETITIVE ATTACK IS 
ALL-9CLUSIVE3 ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL1 & MILIT>Y4 ,9 %ORT1 PRES5T-DAY 
COMPETITION IS TOTAL W>4 

,! ,DECISIVE ,FACTOR3 ,! ,LABOR ,M>KET 

,AT PRES5T ! PLI<T ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY IS BLAM$ ON EV]Y?+ EXCEPT 
! REAL CAUSE-! CAPITALI/ SY/EM ( PRODUCTION4 ,LIB]AL ECONOMI/S MAKE ! 
APPE>ANCE ( /ATE-CONTROLL$ ECONOMIES RESPONSIBLE = ALL ! WOES ( ! 
WORLD4 ,! 0ELIM9ATION ( ! M>KET0 9 ! TOTALIT>IAN /ATE 
& ! DE/RUCTION ( 09T]NATIONAL FREE TRADE0 !Y SEE AS ! 
BEG9N+ ( ! 5D ( ALL CIVILIZATION4 ,BLAM+ EXTRA-ECONOMIC FACTORS = 
! DI/URBANCES 9 !IR ECONOMY1 !Y NEV] SEEM$ TO NOTICE ?AT JU/ AS 
MANY ( ?OSE FACTORS W]E OP]ATIVE :5 ALL W5T WELL4 ,IF =M]LY /ATE 
9T]F]5CES W]E LESS IMPORTANT1 IT WAS BECAUSE CAPITAL ITSELF WAS LESS 
DEVELOP$4 

,FASCI/ ECONOMI/S1 H[EV]1 BLAME LIB]AL ECONOMIES = ! PROLONGATION ( 
! CRISIS BECAUSE LIB]AL SOCIETY OPPOSES A NECESS>Y REORGANIZATION ( WORLD 
ECONOMY4 ,& JU/ AS =M]LY MONOPOLI/IC TR5DS 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY W]E 
MI/AK5 = SOCIALIZ+ T5D5CIES1 SO1 AT PRES5T1 FASCI/S LOOK UPON 
/ATE-CONTROL AS ! REALIZATION ( A NATIONALLY LIMIT$ SOCIALISM4 ,?\< ONLY 
! FASCI/S1 & NOT EV5 ALL ( !M1 D>E TO DRAW ?IS CONCLUSION1 
SOCIALI/S OPPOS$ TO BO? ! 0OLD0 & ! 0NEW0 
ORD] F9D DIFFICULTY NAM+ ?IS NEW FASCI/ SOCIETY BECAUSE ( ! APP>5T 
DISAPPE>ANCE ( 0M>KET-DET]M9$ PRODUCTION0 9 ! FASCI/ 
/ATES4 

,H[EV]1 :AT M>KET NO LONG] DET]M9ES PRODUCTION8 ,OR RA!R1 
:AT M>KET DID DET]M9E PRODUCTION 9 ! 0OLD0 
CAPITALISM8 ,B\RGEOIS ECONOMI/S ASSUME ?AT CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION & 
DI/RIBUTION >E REGULAT$ BY ! M>KET4 ,! M>KET1 ?AT IS1 SELL+ & 
BUY+ TO REALIZE A PR(IT1 IS SE5 AS A CONGLOM]ATION ( COMPET+ 
CAPITALI/S4 ,!IR COMPETITION1 IT IS >GU$1 =BIDS EXTRAORD9>Y PRICES & 
?US EXCEPTIONAL PR(ITS4 ,IF !RE IS A %ORTAGE ( COMMODITIES ( SOME SORT1 
PRICES WILL RISE1 BUT ONLY TEMPOR>ILY4 ,AN 9CREAS$ PRODUCTION ( ?OSE 
COMMODITIES 9ITIAT$ BY ! GREAT DEM& WILL R$UCE ! PRICE AGA9 TO 
0NORMAL40 ,! PRICE-ME*ANISM BAS$ ON COMPETITION IS HELD TO BE 
! 0REGULATOR0 ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION BY ALL ECONOMI/S 
:E!R !Y BELONG TO ! CLASSICAL1 M>G9AL1 OR NEO-CLASSICAL S*OOL4 ,! 
FIR/ S*OOL MAKES ! PRICE DEP5D5T ON ! 0OBJECTIVE SUPPLY10 
! SECOND ON ! 0SUBJECTIVE DEM&10 & ! ?IRD ON BO?4 ,EV5 
! ,HI/ORICAL ,S*OOL & ! ,9/ITUTIONALI/S DO NOT D5Y ! EXI/5CE ( 
! PRICE-ME*ANISM1 BUT BELIEVE ?AT IT C\LD1 9 ADDITION1 BE 9FLU5C$ BY 
O!R =CES ?AN M]ELY ?OSE ( SUPPLY & DEM&4 ,ON PRICE FLUCTUATIONS 
DEP5D ! GR&EUR & MIS]Y ( ALL CAPITALI/S4 ,?US ! PRICE-ME*ANISM IS 
!IR ONLY REAL CONC]N4 

,BECAUSE ! BEG9N+S ( CAPITALISM W]E CUMB]SOME1 ! TRANS=MATION ( 
SURPLUS LABOR 9TO CAPITAL G5]ALLY W5T ?R\< ! METAMORPHOSES3 
MONEY-COMMODITY-MONEY PLUS PR(IT4 ,BUT ?IS HI/ORICALLY-CONDITION$ 
AWKW>DNESS CANNOT BE TAK5 AS ! ESS5TIAL FEATURE ( CAPITAL PRODUCTION4 
,) ! GR[? ( CAPITAL1 AN 9CREAS+ AM\NT ( SURPLUS LABOR WAS DIRECTLY 
CONV]T$ 9TO CAPITAL )\T FIR/ HAV+ TO 5T] ! EX*ANGE PROCESS4 ,! 
GR[? ( CAPITAL IMPLIES AN ALWAYS GREAT] 0EX*ANGE0 9 
NATURA BECAUSE A PROGRESSIVELY GREAT] P>T ( ! SOCIAL LABOR IS 
CONV]T$ 9TO MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,9 ,AM]ICA1 = EXAMPLE1 DUR+ ! P]IOD 
FROM #ahii TO #a#i#b#b1 ! RATIO BETWE5 QUANTITIES ( LABOR & CAPITAL *ANG$ 
CONT9U\SLY 

0UNTIL 9 #aibb ONLY #cg P] C5T AS MU* LABOR WAS 
COMB9$ ) EA* UNIT ( CAPITAL AS 9 #a#h#i#i1 & RECIPROCALLY #bg P] C5T AS 
MU* CAPITAL COMB9$ ) A UNIT ( LABOR AS !N40.<#a.> 

,?IS *ANGE 9 ! 0ORGANIC COMPOSITION0 ( CAPITAL ALT]S ! 
:OLE /RUCTURE ( CAPITALISM2 IT *ANGES ! IMPORTANCE & ! *>ACT] ( 
! M>KET4 ,BECAUSE ( ! MONOPOLIZATION ( CAPITAL CONNECT$ ) ?IS 
PROCESS ! CONTROL OV] DIV]SE PRODUCTS WAS CONC5TRAT$ 9TO FEW] H&S2 
& ?US NON-M>KET DI/RIBUTION = PURPOSES ( CAPITAL =MATION BECAME MORE 
IMPORTANT4.<#a#a.> 

,! M>KET = PRODUCTION GOODS IS ! M>KET = CAPITALI/S1 NOT ! 
M>KET ?AT REGULATES PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION4 ,) ! GR[+ 
9T]DEP5D5CE ( CAPITAL ?R\< CONC5TRATION1 C>TELIZATION1 & 
MONOPOLIZATION1 ! CAPITAL-M>KET CONTRACTS4 ,BOOKKEEP+ TRANSACTIONS REPLACE 
M>KET TRANSACTIONS4 ,?\< ! REPRODUCTION PROCESS ( CAPITAL IS /ILL A 
CIRCULATION PROCESS1 ! LATT] IS NO LONG] 9 NE$ ( ! OLD M>KET 
>RANGEM5TS4 ,! M>KET IS NOT ONLY CONTROLL$ BUT IS SL[LY ABOLI%$ 9 
FAVOR ( ! DIRECT TRANS=MATION ( SURPLUS LABOR 9TO CAPITAL4 

,ALL O!R PH5OM5A RELAT$ TO M>KET RELATIONS *ANGE ) ! ABOVE 
*ANGES4 ,! TRANS=MATION FROM MONOPOLI/IC TO GOV]NM5TAL CONTROL ( 
PRODUCTION1 PRICES1 PR(ITS1 & 9VE/M5TS2 ! *ANGE FROM T>IFF 
REGULATIONS ?AT S]VE ! GR[? ( HOME 9DU/RIES TO ABSOLUTE CONTROL ( ALL 
=EIGN TRADE2 ! FACT ?AT BANKS :I* PREVI\SLY W]E MA9LY 
CR$IT-ORGANIZATIONS >E N[ MA9LY POLITICO-ECONOMIC 9/RUM5TS2 
?AT CONC5TRATION BY MEANS ( ACQUISITION ( %>ES1 CONTRACTS1 9T]LOCK+ 
DIRECTORATES IS N[ AUGM5T$ BY DIRECT POLITICAL DECISIONS-! EQUIVAL5T ( A 
COMB9ATION ( ALL PREVI\S CONTROL MEASURES2 ! FACT ?AT MONET>Y POLICY IS 
TO A L>G] EXT5T US$ POLITICALLY RA!R ?AN ECONOMICALLY2 ?AT SYNDICATES1 
CORPORATIONS1 CONV5TIONS >E N[ 5=C$ BY GOV]NM5TAL DECREE :5 
PREVI\SLY !Y W]E E/ABLI%$ BY BO? CONS5T & =CE2 ! FACT ?AT 
NON-PR(ITABLE 5T]PRISES >E N[ OP]AT$ :]EAS1 PREVI\SLY1 UNPR(ITABLE 
9DU/RIES W]E /ATE-SUPPORT$2 ALL ?IS & MORE DOES NOT 9DICATE ! 
ASC5DANCY ( A NEW ECONOMIC SY/EM4 ,ALL ?IS 9DICATES IS ?AT ! 
DI/RIBUTION ( ! SURPLUS PRODUCTS APPROPRIAT$ FROM ! WORK]S HAS *ANG$ 
ONCE AGA9 AS IT ALWAYS HAS ?R\<\T CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T4 

,! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 /ATE CONTROLS 9 ! V>I\S NATIONS >E 
DIFF]5CES ONLY 9 DEGREE4.<#a#b.> 
,FUR!R DEVELOPM5T 9 ?IS DIRECTION WILL MAKE ALL CAPITALI/ NATIONS ONCE 
MORE LOOK ALIKE AS !Y APPE>$ TO LOOK DUR+ ! HEY-DAY ( LIB]ALISM 
BECAUSE NOBODY P>$ TO LOOK CLOS]4 ,! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! ,G]MAN ,F\R 
,YE> ,PLAN & ! ,AM]ICAN >MAM5T PROGRAM IS ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 AN E>LY 
/>T & A BELAT$ REACTION TO CURR5T W> NE$S4 ,! NEW GOV]NM5T-F9ANC$ 
5T]PRISES 9 ! ,U4 ,S4 = AIR-CRAFT1 ALUM9UM1 MAGNESIUM1 /EEL & 
SYN!TIC RUBB] PRODUCTION DIFF] FROM ! ,GO]+ ,REI*SW]KE ONLY 
9 SIZE4 ,9 ! 0W> ( PRODUCTION0 N[ WAG$1 ! DIFF]5CE ( 
SIZE WILL DISAPPE> OR EV5 %IFT 9 FAVOR ( ! 0DEMOCRACIES40 ,IF 
PRIVATE PROP]TY1 PRIVATE 9ITIATIVE1 ! PR(IT MOTIVE & ECONOMIC 
COMPETITION /ILL EXI/ 9 ,AM]ICA1 SO DO !Y EXI/ 9 ,G]MANY4 ,9 ! LATT] 
NATION1 IT IS TRUE1 !Y EXI/ ONLY BY VIRTUE ( GOV]NM5T SUPPORT & 
TOL]ATION2 BUT ! DEVELOPM5T 9 ,AM]ICA %[S CLE>LY ?AT H]E1 TOO1 
PRIVATE PROP]TY & ALL ?AT GOES ) IT BECOME 9CREAS+LY SUBORD9AT$ TO 
! NE$S ( GOV]NM5T4 ,! W> :I* HA/5S ?IS DEVELOPM5T IS NOT A 
0/ATE ( EM]G5CY0 ?AT WILL DISAPPE> AS SOON AS PEACE BREAKS 
\T4 ,IT IS ! \TCOME ( ! PREVI\S 0PEACE02 ! /RUCTURAL 
*ANGES IT BR+S AB\T >E BAS$ JU/ AS MU* ON PREVI\S EV5TS AS ON ! W> 
ITSELF4 

,! FACT ?AT ! CAPITALI/ M>KET CONTRACTS UNTIL NO?+ IS LEFT BUT ! 
BUY+ & SELL+ ( LABOR P[] DOES NOT TRANS=M ! PRODUCTION ( EX*ANGE 
VALUES 9TO A PRODUCTION = USE4.<#a#c.> ,! PRODUCTION ( 0USE-VALUES0 TODAY1 
?AT IS1 PRODUCTION C>RI$ ON ACCORD+ TO ! DEM&S ( CRISIS & W>1 
)\T APP>5T REG>D = PR(ITABILITY1 /ILL S]VES ONLY ! PRODUCTION ( 
PR(ITS1 OR RA!R IS 9T5D$ TO S]VE SU* PURPOSES4 ,IT IS A SORT ( 
09VE/M5T10 AN ADVANCE ( CAPITAL = FUTURE RETURNS4 ,! 
APP>5T LOSS1 IT IS HOP$1 WILL BE COMP5SAT$ = AT A LAT] DATE2 JU/ AS 
MANY 5T]PRIS]S 9 =M] TIMES1 PROVID$ !Y HAD SUFFICI5T RES]VES1 SOLD 
BEL[ PRODUCTION CO/ 9 ORD] TO SELL ABOVE 0VALUE0 AT ANO!R 
TIME4 ,! B>T] SY/EM1 TOO1 HAS *ANG$ NO?+ 9 ! CAPITALI/ MANN] ( 
EX*ANGE2 LESS LABOR IS /ILL B>T]$ = MORE LABOR4.<#a#d.> 

,!SE *ANGES 9 M>KET RELATIONS DO NOT 9DICATE ! BEG9N+ ( A 
CONSCI\SLY REGULAT$ SOCIAL SY/EM SO LONG AS ! CLASS RELATIONS BEH9D ! 
M>KET RELATIONS CONT9UE TO DET]M9E PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION4 ,CLASS 
RELATIONS >E M>KET RELATIONS BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR4 ,?IS M>KET IS 
NO:]E DI/URB$ & NO ONE SEEMS TO HAVE ANY 9T5TION ( 5D+ IT4 ,! 
M>KET ON :I* LABOR P[] IS SOLD & B\<T IS ! ONLY M>KET ?AT 
DET]M9ES PRODUCTION4 ,! FACT ?AT LABOR IS NO LONG] 0FREE0 
9 ! S5SE ?AT IT WAS 0FREE0 9 LIB]AL CAPITALISM1 ! FACT 
?AT IT CAN N[ BE DRAFT$ :5EV] ! /ATE ?9KS IT NECESS>Y1 ?AT IT CAN 
BE ORD]$ FROM PLACE TO PLACE JU/ AS ! GOV]NM5T SEES FIT1 ?AT IT CAN NO 
LONG] *OOSE ITS EMPLOYM5T AT WILL1 ALL !SE & O!R RE/RICTIONS DO NOT 
9VALIDATE ! FACT ?AT LABOR IS ALSO /ILL 0FREE0 FROM ALL 
PRODUCTIVE PROP]TY1 ?AT ITS P[] TO PRODUCE IS /ILL A COMMODITY B\<T BY 
GOV]NM5TS AT A PRICE4 

,! :OLE ( ! CAPITALI/ M>KET-EXCEPT ! M>KET-RELATIONS 
BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR-MAY DISAPPE> )\T AFFECT+ ! CAPITALI/ =M 
( PRODUCTION AT ALL4 ,! M>KET-RELATION BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR IS ! ONLY 
CAPITALI/ RELATION P] SE4 ,%ORT ( ITS ABOLITION ! HI/ORICALLY 
DEVELOP$ =M ( PRODUCTION = HUMAN EXPLOITATION ?AT HAS BE5 CALL$ 
CAPITALISM CANNOT DISAPPE>4 

,CAPITALISM1 ,FASCISM1 & ! ,LAW ( ,VALUE 

,! CLASSICAL ECONOMI/S1 9 DI/9CTION TO ! MOD]N PRICE !ORI/S :O 
DO NOT C>E TO F9D AN OBJECTIVE BASIS = !IR REASON+1 DID NOT /OP AT ! 
DESCRIPTION ( ! SUPPLY & DEM& ME*ANISM4 ,!Y SAID ?AT ITS EXI/5CE 
PROV$ ! RELEVANCE ( A 0LAW ( VALUE0 ?AT REGULAT$ SOCIETY AS 
! LAW ( GRAVITY REGULATES ! KN[N UNIV]SE4 

,! 0LAW ( VALUE0 MEANS ?AT ! 0VALUE0 ( A 
COMMODITY IS DET]M9$ BY ! LABOR-TIME SOCIALLY NECESS>Y = ITS 
PRODUCTION4 ,?US ! 0LAW ( SUPPLY & DEM&0 REALIZ$ AN 
EX*ANGE ( LABOR-TIME AGA9/ LABOR-TIME4 ,IT SAW TO IT ?AT ?IS EX*ANGE WAS 
A MORE OR LESS EQUAL ONE1 = IF ONE SELL] %\LD SUCCE$ 9 GETT+ MORE = 
LESS1 & ANO!R %\LD BE =C$ TO ACCEPT LESS = MORE1 !SE OCCURR5CES 
W]E ONLY DEVIATIONS FROM ! G5]AL RULE :I* W\LD NOT 9VALIDATE ?IS 
RULE4 ,9 ! LONG RUN SOME SORT ( EQUILIBRIUM %\LD BE OBS]VABLE4 ,?IS 
EQUILIBRIUM W\LD ALSO REALIZE ! NECESS>Y DI/RIBUTION ( ! AVAILABLE 
LABOR-TIME BETWE5 ! DIFF]5T BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION ?AT W]E 5GAG$ 9 
SATISFY+ HUMAN NE$S4 

,! ,M>XIAN CRITIQUE ( B\RGEOIS ECONOMY BEGAN ) A *ALL5GE ( ITS 
0LAW ( VALUE40 ,M>X PO9T$ \T ?AT ?IS LAW WAS NOT AT ALL 
WORK+ 9 ! MANN] 9 :I* ! B\RGEOIS !ORETICIANS ?\<T IT WORK$4 
,RA!R1 9 ! MID/ ( ALL ! ACCID5TAL & EV]-FLUCTUAT+ EX*ANGE 
RELATIONS1 ! LAW ( VALUE ASS]TS ITSELF 0LIKE AN OV]RID+ LAW ( 
NATURE JU/ AS ! LAW ( GRAVITY DOES :5 A H\SE FALLS AB\T \R E>S40.<#a#e.> ,IT IS OBVI\S1 ,M>X ONCE 
EXPLA9$1 

0?AT ! MASS ( PRODUCTS CORRESPOND+ TO ! 
DIFF]5T NE$S REQUIRE DIFF]5T & QUANTITATIVELY DET]M9$ MASSES ( ! 
TOTAL LABOR ( SOCIETY4 ,?AT ?IS NECESSITY ( DI/RIBUT+ SOCIAL LABOR 9 
DEF9ITE PROPORTIONS CANNOT BE DONE AWAY ) IS SELF EVID5T444 4 ,:AT CAN 
*ANGE1 9 *ANG+ HI/ORICAL CIRCUM/ANCES1 IS ! =M 9 :I* 
!SE LAWS OP]ATE444 4 ,! =M 9 :I* ?IS PROPORTIONAL DIVISION ( LABOR 
OP]ATES 9 A SOCIETY :]E ! 9T]CONNECTION ( SOCIAL LABOR IS MANIFE/$ 
9 ! PRIVATE EX*ANGE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL PRODUCTS ( LABOR1 IS 
PRECISELY ! EX*ANGE VALUE ( !SE PRODUCTS40.<#a#f.> 

,?US ! REAL VALUE RELATION1 IF ONE SPEAKS 9 CAPITALI/IC T]MS1 
IS ! NECESSITY = DI/RIBUT+ SOCIAL LABOR 9 DEF9ITE PROPORTIONS -- ! 
NE$ = ! SOCIAL COORD9ATION ( 9DIVIDUAL OP]ATIONS BAS$ ON ! SOCIAL 
DIVISION ( LABOR 9 ORD] TO SATISFY HUMAN1 I4E41 SOCIAL NE$S4 ,! 
CAPITALI/IC VALUE RELATION IS A SPECIFIC =M ( ?IS REAL 
0VALUE RELATION40 ,H[EV]1 9 ITS CAPITALI/IC =M 
! 0LAW ( VALUE0 CANNOT S]VE AS A CONT9U\S 
0AUTOMATIC REGULATOR0 ?AT SQU>ES ! SOCIAL NE$S ) ! 
SOCIAL DIVISION ( LABOR4 ,!RE NEV] WAS 0EQUALITY0 ( P[] & 
OPPORTUNITY EI!R 9 SOCIETY OR AMONG ! CAPITALI/S1 !RE NEV] WAS 
0EQUALITY0 9 ! EX*ANGE PROCESS4 ,CONSEQU5TLY NO 
0REGULATION0 C\LD BE BR\<T AB\T BY A 0LAW ( VALUE0 
?AT WAS REALIZ$ ?R\< ! EX*ANGE ( 0EQUAL0 QUANTITIES ( 
LABOR4.<#a#g.> 

,9 CAPITALISM1 HUMAN NECESSITIES MU/ FIR/ BE TRANSLAT$ 9TO VALUE 
RELATIONS BE=E !Y CAN BE REALIZ$4 ,BUT VALUE PRODUCTION IS 
SURPLUS VALUE PRODUCTION4 ,IT IS ! PR(IT NE$ ?AT DET]M9ES :AT 
& H[ MU* IS PRODUC$4 ,! PR(IT NE$ MAY OR MAY NOT CO9CIDE ) ! 
NE$S ( SOCIAL LIFE4 ,IF IT CO9CIDES1 ?IS IS M]ELY ACCID5TAL4 ,9 BRIEF1 ! 
CLASS RELATIONS 9 SOCIETY & ! PRODUCTION ( SURPLUS VALUE ?AT !Y IMPLY 
0REGULATE0 PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION1 SUPPLY & DEM&4 ,NO 
MY/]I\S 09VISIBLE H&0 IS GUID+ SOCIETY2 IT IS 
0REGULAT$0 BY ! REL5TLESS P]MAN5T SOCIAL W>4 

,BECAUSE ( ! FACT ?AT CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION IS PR(IT-PRODUCTION1 ! 
ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL IS AN ACCUMULATION = ! SAKE ( ACCUMULATION4 ,?IS 
ACCUMULATION1 9 TURN1 DE/ROYS COMPETITION4 ,EA* CAPITALI/1 9 ORD] TO 
REMA9 SU*1 MU/ FI<T O!R CAPITALI/S2 ! FAM\S PR(IT 9C5TIVE IS ! 
9C5TIVE TO DE/ROY CAPITAL4 ,! :OLE PRODUCTION1 BE+ A PRODUCTION TO 
APPROPRIATE ! SURPLUS LABOR ( ! WORK]S1 IS A PRODUCTION ?AT 
CONT9U\SLY DISRUPTS ! CONNECTION BETWE5 SOCIAL NE$S & CAPITALI/ 
NE$S4 ,9/EAD ( MA/]+ PRODUCTION1 ! PEOPLE >E MA/]$ BY 
PRODUCTION4 ,! MORE CAPITAL ACCUMULATES1 ! MORE IT DE/ROYS BO? ! 
CAPACITY TO CONT9UE ! ACCUMULATION PROCESS & TO MA9TA9 SOME 
SORT ( PROPORTION+ ( ! SOCIAL LABOR 9 ORD] TO SECURE SOCIAL LIFE4 
,%ORT ( ! DE/RUCTION ( ! :OLE CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 ! LATT] SITUATION 
CAN BE TEMPOR>ILY REM$I$ ONLY BY REM$Y+ ! SITUATION :I* PREV5TS 
CONT9U$ CAPITAL =MATION4 ,! CAPITALI/ CRISIS1 BY REE/ABLI%+ A 
LO/ BASIS = ! CONT9UATION ( PR(IT PRODUCTION1 TEMPOR>ILY ALSO 
RE-PROPORTION$ ! SOCIAL LABOR SO ?AT SOCIETY C\LD MA9TA9 SOME SORT ( 
/ABILITY4 ,! ONLY LAW ?AT ASS]T$ ITSELF ?R\<\T ! CAPITALI/ 
DEVELOPM5T WAS ! LAW ( VALUE 9 ! ,M>XIAN S5SE1 ?AT IS1 ! 
LAW ( CRISES & COLLAPSE4 ,NATURALLY1 ! B\RGEOISIE C\LD NOT ADMIT 
?AT ! ONLY 0ORD]0 TO BE F\ND 9 !IR SY/EM WAS ! DISORD] 
( ! CRISIS4 ,?US !Y LOOK$ EV]Y:]E LO DISCOV] ! =CES & REASONS 
?AT DI/URB$ ! SMOO? WORK+ ( ! 0M>KET LAWS0- :I* EXPLA9S 
! RIDICUL\S BUT GIGANTIC LIT]ATURE ON ECONOMICS4 

,IF 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY 0! DET]M9ATION ( ! MAGNITUDE ( VALUE 
BY LABOR-TIME IS A SECRET1 HIDD5 UND] ! APP>5T FLUCTUATIONS 9 ! 
RELATIVE VALUES ( COMMODITIES10.<#a#h.> ! SECRET DEEP5S ) ! DEVELOPM5T ( 
CAPITALISM4 ,?\< 0LOGICALLY0 ! OPPOSITE %\LD OCCUR1 BECAUSE 
! EX*ANGE CONTRACTS1 BECAUSE ! NUMB] ( 9DEP5D5T PRODUC]S RELATIVE TO 
! TOTAL CAPITAL DECREASES1 BECAUSE CONTROL DISPLACES AN>*Y 9 PRODUCTION 
& DI/RIBUTION1 ACTUALLY ! DEM&S ( ! LAW ( VALUE >E VIOLAT$ 9 
9CREAS+ MEASURE4 ,BECAUSE ! NUMB] ( ANONYM\S1 ATOMI/IC COMPETITORS 
DECL9ES & CO/1 SALES PRICES1 & M>G9S >E 9CREAS+LY 
0REGULAT$10 ! 

0REALIZATION ( A RATIONAL ECONOMY RELIES ON ! WILL1 
9SI<T1 & ABILITIES ( ! FEW P]SONS :O >E 9 DICTATORIAL COMM& ( ! 
:OLE ( SOCIETY4 ,?US A DECISIVE IRRATIONAL1 P]SONAL1 & SUBJECTIVE ELEM5T 
COMES 940.<#a#i.> 

,! REASON = ?IS 9CREAS+ 0IRRATIONALITY0 %\LD NOT BE 
LOOK$ =1 H[EV]1 9 ! ABILITIES OR LACK ( ABILITIES ( ?OSE :O RULE 
SOCIETY DICTATORIALLY BUT 9 ! DICTATORIAL RULE ITSELF4 

,REGULATION IS POSSIBLE ONLY 9 0PRODUCTION BY FREELY ASSOCIAT$ M51 
& IS CONSCI\SLY EX]CIS$ BY !M 9 ACCORDANCE ) A SETTL$ PLAN40.<#b.> ,BUT !N IT W\LD BE S5SELESS TO 
CONT9UE TO SPEAK ( A 0LAW ( VALUE40 0,VALUE IS A /RICTLY 
HI/ORICAL CATEGORY2 NEI!R BE=E NOR AFT] CAPITALISM DOES !RE EXI/ VALUE 
PRODUCTION40.<#b#a.> ,AS LONG AS ! 
MEANS ( PRODUCTION OPPOSE ! WORK]S AS CAPITAL1 H[EV]1 I4E41 AS LONG AS A 
?IRD P>TY HAS CONTROL OV] !M1 !SE MEANS ( PRODUCTION CAN BE 
US$ ONLY TO CREATE SURPLUS PRODUCTS = ?IS ?IRD AG5CY4 ,SO LONG1 TOO1 WILL 
! LAW ( VALUE & NOT PLANN+ 0REGULATE0 PRODUCTION & 
DI/RIBUTION4 

,9 ! CONTROLL$ ECONOMY ! /ATE ACTS-AS PREVI\SLY ! PRIVATE 
5TREPR5EUR ACT$-AS A ?IRD FACTOR 9 ADDITION TO ! TWO NE$$ = 
PRODUCTION3 MEANS ( PRODUCTION & LABOR4 ,?IS ?IRD AG5CY =BIDS1 BUT AT 
! SAME TIME CANNOT PREV5T2 ! DIVORCE BETWE5 PRODUCTION & SOCIAL NE$S4 
,! CONTROLL+ POSITION ( ANY RUL+ CLASS DEP5DS ON ITS CAPACITY TO KEEP 
!IR SUBJECTS SUBDU$ & 0SATISFI$40 ,JU/ TO KEEP !M SUBDU$ 
W\LD NOT BE 5\< TODAY BECAUSE IT W\LD LEAD TO A SEV]E DECL9E ( 
PRODUCTIVITY4 ,! RUL]S >E =C$ TO UND]TAKE ACTIONS ?AT SECURE A SORT ( 
SOCIAL BALANCE4 ,?\< EA* CLASS1 GR\P1 OR /ATE ACTS & CAN ONLY ACT TO 
SAFEGU>D ITS [N 9T]E/S1 IT IS =C$ NEV]!LESS TO REACT TO ! 
ACTUAL SOCIAL NE$S4.<#b#b.> 

,PREVI\S PROCESSES ( ECONOMIC & POLITICAL DEVELOPM5T CREAT$ A SITUATION 
?AT 5DANG]$ BO? ! PR(ITS ( A GR[+ NUMB] ( CAPITALI/S & ! 
LIVES ( MILLIONS ( PEOPLE4 ,!RE WAS NO LONG] 9 EVID5CE ANY SORT ( 
0REGULATION0 BETWE5 PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION ?AT ALL[$ = 
EV5 A MIS]ABLE SOCIAL EXI/5CE4 ,! VIOLAT$ REAL LAW ( VALUE 
ASS]T$ ITSELF CAPITALI/ICALLY 9 A GIGANTIC CRISIS4 ,IT =C$ ! 
RUL+ CLASSES ( ! MO/ DEPRESS$ NATIONS FIR/ TO REACT TO ITS DEM&S & 
TO TRY TO BR+ AB\T A DI/RIBUTION ( SOCIAL LABOR ?AT ALL[$ = BO? ! 
CONT9UATION ( CAPITAL ACCUMULATION & ! PO/PONEM5T ( ! COLLAPSE4 

,H[EV]1 ! WORLD IS NOT SO (T5 RADICALLY RE-DIVID$ AS ! PRODUCTIVE 
PROCESS *ANGES NOR SO (T5 AS ! COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL IS ALT]$4 
,MA9TA9+ PR(ITABILITY 9 ! DIVID$ WORLD ( MANY PRIVILEG$ GR\PS1 
CLASSES1 NATIONS DEM&S REORGANIZATION BY =CE4 ,9 ! WORLD AS IT IS1 IT 
W\LD HELP ,HITL] V]Y LITTLE TO DECL>E HIMSELF NOT ONLY A NATIONAL BUT ALSO 
AN 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALI/4 ,O!R CLASS SOCIETIES W\LD FI<T HIM JU/ ! 
SAME4 ,IT W\LD NOT HELP ,*UR*ILL TO DECL>E HIMSELF CONV]T$ FROM LAISSEZ 
FAIRE 9T]NATIONALISM 9TO A NATIONAL SOCIALI/2 ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 
0DEMOCRACY0 & 0FASCISM0 W\LD /ILL GO ON4 

,BECAUSE IT WAS A CLASS SOCIETY :I* REACT$ TO ! DEM&S ( ! LAW ( 
VALUE ITS REACTION GAVE NEW IMPETUS & ADDITIONAL =CE TO ! OLD ACTIVITIES 
?AT W]E DESIGN$ TO COMBAT DEPRESSIONS4 0,! G5]AL *>ACT] ( ! 
ACTION TAK5 TO MEET ! DEMOCRATIC DEM& >IS+ \T ( ! TRADE CYCLE IS 
ALWAYS ! SAME4 ,IT IS CALL$ 'PLANN+4' ,IT ACTUALLY CONSI/S 9 
! SUB/ITUTION ( MONOPOLY CONTROL = COMPETITION 9 ALL ! M>KETS & 
9DU/RIES IT T\*ES40.<#b#c.> 

,ONCE MORE N[1 ! CRISIS IS F\<T ) /ILL GREAT] CONC5TRATION1 /ILL 
MORE 0PLANN+10 BUT ?IS GREAT] 0PLANN+0 9VOLVES A 
GREAT] DE/RUCTION ( VE/$ 9T]E/S4 ,BECAUSE 0ALL CONTRADICTIONS ( 
! CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION COME TO ! =E 9 ! G5]AL ECONOMIC 
WORLD-CRISIS10.<#b#d.> ! DE/RUCTION 
( ?OSE VE/$ 9T]E/S DEM&S W>F>E4 ,! TOTAL W> 9DICATES ?AT 
PRES5T-DAY SOCIETY IS /ILL DET]M9$ BY A LAW ( VALUE ?AT ASS]TS ITSELF 
LIKE AN 0OV]RID+ LAW ( NATURE40 ,H5CE ! 9ABILITY TO 
0UND]/&0 H[ ! W> C\LD HAPP5 9 \R 
0CIVILIZATION10 & ! 0MAGNETIC =CE0 ?AT DRAWS 
NATION AFT] NATION 9TO ! CONFLICT4 ,IF ANY PRO( %\LD BE NE$$ ?AT ! 
WORLD IS /ILL A CAPITALI/IC WORLD1 ! W> ITSELF IS PRO( 5\<4 ,?OSE 
NATIONS COMPLY+ ) ! DEM&S ( ! LAW ( VALUE MO/ VIGOR\SLY1 ?AT 
IS1 ! FASCI/ NATIONS1 HAVE TO BE APPRAIS$ !RE=E AS ! MO/ 
CAPITALI/IC4 

,:AT ,IS ,CAPITALISM8 

,IT IS (T5 ASSUM$ ?AT IF IT W]E NOT = ! W>1 ,HITL]'S 
PRODUCTION = W>F>E1 I4E41 LESS BUTT] & MORE CANNONS1 C\LD BE 
TRANS=M$ 9TO A SOCIAL PRODUCTION1 I4E41 NO CANNONS & MORE BUTT]4 
,HITL]'S PRODUCTION IS NOT SOLELY 0W> PRODUCTION02 IT IS 
CAPITALI/IC PRODUCTION PURE & SIMPLE & !RE=E ALSO W> PRODUCTION4 ,! 
ASSUMPTION1 FUR!RMORE1 ?AT SOCIALISM MI<T BE 9TRODUC$ 9 ,G]MANY & 
,RUSSIA IF ,HITL] & ,/AL9 DESIR$ IT & IF IT W]E NOT = ! 
05EMY10 OR ! 0W>10 IS S5SELESS BECAUSE ALL ECONOMY 
IS WORLD ECONOMY4 ,!SE NATIONS >E NOT ISOLAT$2 !Y >E 9TEGRAT$ P>TS ( 
! WORLD PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION1 JU/ AS MU* DET]M9$ BY O!R NATIONS 
AS !Y !MSELVES DET]M9E ! RE/ ( ! WORLD4 ,ASIDE FROM ?IS1 ! 
CONT9UATION ( CLASS RULE 9 ! 0NEW ORD]0 PRECLUDES SOCIAL 
PRODUCTION4 ,PRODUCTION IS DET]M9$ BY ! NE$ ( ! RUL+ GR\P TO 
REMA9 ON TOP1 JU/ AS PREVI\SLY IT WAS DET]M9$ BY ! NE$ ( ! 
CAPITALI/S TO 9CREASE !IR CAPITAL 9 ORD] TO REMA9 CAPITALI/S4 ,BUT1 IT 
IS >GU$1 JU/ AS ! TOTALIT>IAN /ATE ELIM9ATES COMPETITION )9 ! 
T]RITORY IT CONTROLS2 IT DOES AWAY ) POLITICAL COMPETITION BY ! CREATION 
( ! ONE-P>TY /ATE4 ,H[EV]1 WE HAVE SE5 ALREADY ?AT ! 05D ( 
NATIONAL COMPETITION0 WAS NO MORE ?AN A NECESS>Y PR]EQUISITE = A 
%>P5$ 9T]NATIONAL COMPETITION4 ,! ELIM9ATION ( DEMOCRACY IS ! 
PR]EQUISITE = A GREAT] 0DEMOCRATIC0 P>TICIPATION 9 ! 
9T]NATIONAL SCRAMBLE = P[] POSITIONS4 ,AFT] ALL1 ,G]MANY1 ,RUSSIA1 ,ITALY1 
DO PLAY A GREAT] P>T 9 9T]NATIONAL POLITICS ?AN !Y DID TW5TY YE>S 
AGO4 ,BESIDES1 AS ,/OLP] HAS REM>K$1 0! CLASS /RUGGLE :I* ! 
P>TY 7CONTROLL+ ! NATION7 W5T \T TO SUPPRESS WAS ONLY %IFT$ 9TO ! 
P>TY40.<#b#e.> 

,! /RUGGLE ( ALL AGA9/ ALL HAS NOT BE5 5D$ 9 ! 0NEW 
ORD]40 ,PRIVATE 9C5TIVES >E ONLY DET\R$2 !Y >E N[ DIRECT$ 
T[>D POLITICAL & SOCIAL POSITIONS :I* DET]M9E ! DEGREE TO :I* ONE 
MAY P>TICIPATE 9 ! 5JOYM5T ( SURPLUS VALUE4 ,!RE >E RI* & POOR 
PEOPLE 9 ! 0NEW ORD]02.<#b#f.> EXPLOIT$ & EXPLOIT]S1 EMPLOY$ & UNEMPLOY$1 
! LATT] BE+ DRESS$ 9 UNI=M & S5T TO !IR [N DE/RUCTION4 
,PRODUCTION = ! SAKE ( PRODUCTION ?AT B5EFIT$ M9ORITIES & KEPT 
MAJORITIES 9 MIS]Y IS1 9 ! 0NEW ORD]10 /ILL PRODUCTION = 
! SAKE ( PRODUCTION-BUT ONLY MORE SO1 BECAUSE ! RESULTS ( HUMAN LABOR >E 
DE/ROY$ FA/] ?AN !Y >E CREAT$4 ,IF =M]LY ! PRODUCTS ( 
LABOR-CAPITAL-ONLY S]V$ TO 9CREASE ! EXPLOITATION ( LABOR1 !Y N[ S]VE 
TO PUT ! WORK]S TO DEA? ON ! BATTLEFIELDS ( ! WORLD4 ,!RE IS NO S5SE 
9 HOP+ ?AT ! PRIVILEG$ GR\PS WILL ON !IR [N P>T *ANGE ! 
SITUATION 9 :I* ! PRODUCTS ( SOCIETY DE/ROY !IR PRODUC]S4 ,! MORE 
! PRIVILEG$ POSITIONS DISAPPE>1 ! FI]C] ! /RUGGLE = ! REMA9+ 
POSITIONS3 ,:OEV] HAS OR BELIEVES HE HAS AN OPPORTUNITY TO REA* !M WILL 
/RUGGLE UNLESS ! :OLE BASIS = SOCIAL PRIVILEGES IS DONE AWAY )4 ,?IS1 
H[EV]1 CAN BE DONE ONLY BY ?OSE :O HAVE NEV] A *ANCE TO RISE1 ?AT IS1 BY 
! PROLET>IAN MASSES4 

,CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION NECESSITATES A SOCIAL SITUATION :]E9 ! MEANS ( 
PRODUCTION BELONG TO ONE CLASS 9 SOCIETY4 ,ANO!R CLASS MU/ HAVE AT ITS 
DISPOSAL NO?+ BUT ITS LABOR P[]4 ,! DIVORCE ( ! LABOR]S FROM ! 
MEANS ( PRODUCTION IS ! PR]EQUISITE = & ! BASIS ( CAPITALI/IC 
PRODUCTION4 ,SO F> AS ?IS FUNDAM5TAL CAPITALI/IC RELATION%IP IS CONC]N$ 
NO?+ HAS *ANG$ 9 ! TOTALIT>IAN SY/EMS4 ,:AT HAS BE5 ALT]$ IS ! 
RELATION%IP BETWE5 GOV]NM5T & 9DIVIDUAL CAPITALI/S4 ,9 ! DEMOCRACIES1 
9DIVIDUAL [N]%IP PR$OM9ATES OV] GOV]NM5TAL CONTROL2 9 ! FASCI/ 
/ATES1 GOV]NM5TAL CONTROL OV] 9DIVIDUAL [N]%IP4 ,9 ,RUSSIA1 ALONE1 
9DIVIDUAL [N]%IP HAS BE5 DONE AWAY ) ALTOGE!R & ! /ATE HAS 
COMPLETE CONTROL ( ! PRODUCTIVE APP>ATUS & NATURAL RES\RCES4 

,! TR5DS ( DEVELOPM5T 9DICATE ?AT ! DEMOCRACIES TRAVEL 9 ! 
DIRECTION ( FASCISM & ! FASCI/ NATIONS 9 ! DIRECTION ( ! ,RUSSIAN 
SY/EM4 ,BUT 9 ALL !SE /ATES ! REAL BASIS ( CAPITALI/IC PRODUCTION HAS 
NOT BE5 ABOLI%$4 ,H[EV] DIFF]5T ! WORLD MAY LOOK TO 9DIVIDUAL 
PROPRIETORS :O HAVE BE5 DISPLAC$ BY GOV]NM5TAL AG5CIES1 = ! GREAT 
MASS ( ! POPULATION NO?+ ( REAL IMPORTANCE HAS TAK5 PLACE4 ,!Y HAVE 
*ANG$ !IR MA/]S AS !Y *ANG$ !M BE=E 9 ! HIR+ & FIR+ 
PROCESS1 OR :5 !Y %IFT$ FROM PRIVATE TO GOV]NM5TAL EMPLOYM5T4 ,IF ! 
0FASCI/ REVOLUTION0 9VOLVES NO MORE ?AN ! *ANGE ( CONTROL ( 
! MEANS ( PRODUCTION FROM ! H&S ( PRIVATE 5TREPR5EURS 9TO ?OSE ( 
GOV]NM5T (FICIALS1 NO?+ NEW HAS EVOLV$ AS REG>DS ! RELATION%IP 
BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR4 

,! CAPITAL-LABOR RELATION%IP IS ! ONLY ONE ?AT REALLY CONC]NS ! 
WORK+ CLASS4 ,UNABLE OR UNWILL+ TO ALT] IT BY !IR [N 9DEP5D5T 
ACTIONS1 ! WORK]S REMA9 APA!TIC T[>D ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 FASCISM & 
DEMOCRACY4 ,!Y >E NOT OPPOS$ TO /ATE CONTROL ( ! ECONOMY4 ,SO LONG AS 
!Y >E WILL+ TO WORK = CAPITAL AT ALL1 !Y >E JU/ AS WILL+ TO WORK 
= ! GOV]NM5T AS = PRIVATE 5T]PRISES4 ,?AT ! WORK]S 9 ! 
DEMOCRATIC NATIONS NEV]!LESS P>TICIPATE 9 ! FI<T AGA9/ FASCISM IS NOT 
A SIGN ( A G5U9E ANTI-FASCISM ON !IR P>T4 ,!Y >E M]ELY OPPOS$ TO 
,G]MAN FASCISM1 ?AT IS1 !Y >E DEF5D+ ! CAPITALI/IC 9T]E/S 
( !IR [N C\NTRIES4 ,! ANTI-FASCISM ANGLE ( ?IS /RUGGLE IS ONLY 
9CID5TAL2 ITS ABS5CE W\LD ALT] ONLY SOME ( ! PROPAG&A PHRASES 
EMPLOY$4 

,FROM ,LIB]ALISM TO ',/ATISM' 

,CAPITALI/S F> MORE ?AN ! WORK]S >E AFFECT$ BY ! REC5T SOCIAL 
TRANS=MATIONS4 ,?AT ?IS %\LD COME TO !M AS A SURPRISE ONLY %[S 
ONCE MORE H[ LITTLE !Y UND]/& !IR [N SOCIETY4 ,B\RGEOIS ?9K]S1 
H[EV]1 =ESAW QUITE E>LY :AT HAS N[ COME TO PASS4.<#b#g.> ,IF !IR PRES5T-DAY HEIRS DESPISE ! MO/ REC5T 
METAMORPHOSES ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 SOME ( !IR =EFA!RS.<#b#h.> F\ND DELI<T 9 ! ?\<T ?AT 
AT A LAT] DAY ! /ATE W\LD NOT ONLY SYMBOLICALLY BUT ACTUALLY REPRES5T ! 
0:OLE ( SOCIETY40 

,CAPITALI/IC DEVELOPM5T DISPLAC$ 9DIVIDUAL CAPITALI/S BY ORGANIZ$ 
CAPITALI/ GR\PS2 9DIVIDUAL WORK]S BY TRADE OR POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS4 ,JU/ 
AS ! M>KET ME*ANISM WAS 9CREAS+LY DISRUPT$ ?R\< ?IS DEVELOPM5T1 SO 
! APP>ATUS ( ! /ATE BECAME 9CREAS+LY 9CAPABLE ( S]V+ UND] ! 
NEW CONDITIONS4 ,ADDITIONAL /ATE P[]S W]E NE$$ TO ASSURE SOME SORT ( 
SOCIAL /ABILITY4 ,! LAISSEZ FAIRE >GUM5TS AGA9/ GOV]NM5T P[] 
BECAME RIDICUL\S4 ,! 

0QUE/ION WAS NO LONG] :E!R BUS9ESS C\LD1 OR 
\<T TO1 /OP GOV]NM5T1 BUT AMONG :AT GR\PS ! BUS9ESS ( GOV]N+ ! 
C\NTRY WAS TO BE DI/RIBUT$40.<#b#i.> 

,! TR5D T[>DS 9CREAS+ C5TRALIZATION ASS]TS ITSELF1 H[EV]1 ONLY 
)9 ! *AOTIC 9T]PLAY ( V>I\S MONOPOLIES & PRESSURE-GR\PS4 
,MONOPOLIES BEGAN1 EI!R BY REASON ( /R5G? OR WEAKNESS1 TO COOP]ATE ) 
! /ATE1 :OSE CONTROLL+ P[]S 9CREAS$ CORRESPOND+LY4 ,POLITICAL 
PRESSURE GR\PS OP]AT$ = OR AGA9/ ! /ATE1 = OR AGA9/ O!R 
AUTONOM\S GR\PS1 OR AGA9/ ! 9DIRECT PRESSURE ( /ILL UNORGANIZ$ 
ACTIVITIES4 ,! /ATE-ESS5TIALLY A MONOPOLI/IC 5T]PRISE LIKE ANY O!R 9 
! CAPITALI/ SOCIETY-US$ ?OSE V>I\S =CES OP]AT+ 9 SOCIETY TO ITS 
[N ADVANTAGE4.<#c.> ,9 ! ATTEMPT 
TO SUPPORT ! MONOPOLIES ! /ATE 9CREAS$ ITS [N P[]4 ,9 TURN1 
0! CORPORATIONS ONLY ASSI/$ 9 ! COMPLETE BREAKD[N ( 9DIVIDUAL 
FRE$OM )\T W9N+ FRE$OM = !MSELVES40.<#c#a.> ,)9 ! G5]AL CRISIS CONDITIONS ! /ATE 
BECAME ! /RONGE/ =CE 9 SOCIETY4 ,! NEW & DOM9AT+ POSITION ( ! 
/ATE MONOPOLY )9 ! MONOPOLI/IC SOCIETY ALL[$ P>TIES1 COMPET+ = 
/ATE CONTROL1 TO OPPOSE BO? ! WORK]S & ! B\RGEOISIE4.<#c#b.> ,J4 ,C4 ,CALH\N1 BY ! 
MID-N9ETE5? C5TURY1 S\ND$ 

0A W>N+ AGA9/ ! DANG] TO CON/ITUTIONAL 
GOV]NM5T FROM A CORPORATION ( POLITICIANS HAV+ A COHESIVE GR\P 9T]E/ 
& AN ECONOMIC BASE 9 ! NATIONAL TREASURY40.<#c#c.> 

,P>TIES DEVELOP$ CORPORATE 9T]E/S ( !IR [N4 0,! EXI/5CE ( 
! /ATE AS AN ECONOMIC BASE HAS GIV5 ! PR(ESSIONAL POLITICIANS A DEGREE 
( 9DEP5D5CE FROM ECONOMIC 9T]E/ GR\PS0.<#c#d.> & HAS !REBY PREP>$ ! WAY :I*1 
F9ALLY-)9 ! G5]AL CRISIS CONDITIONS-L$ TO COMPLETE CONTROL OV] ALL 
! ECONOMY BY A P>TY-CONTROLL$ /ATE APP>ATUS4 ,! POLITICIANS F\ND LITTLE 
OPPOSITION.<#c#e.> 9 ! WEAK5$ 
B\RGEOISIE1 BECAUSE 

0ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT DEVELOPM5TS DUR+ ! 
LA/ FIFTY YE>S WAS ! SEP>ATION (1 & EV5 5MITY BETWE51 5T]PRISE & 
PROP]TY4 ,! DEVELOPM5T ( ! /OCK COMPANY IS P>TLY RESPONSIBLE = ?IS2 
EV5 MORE RESPONSIBLE H[EV]1 IS ! 9CREAS+ 9DEBT$NESS ( ! 
5T]PRISES4 ,! LATT] REALLY NO LONG] BELONG$ TO ! 5TREPR5EURS40.<#c#f.> 

,TO SPEAK ( A DIFF]5CE BETWE5 PROP]TY & /ATE WAS ONLY ANO!R WAY ( 
SAY+ ?AT ! DIVISION ( SURPLUS VALUE WAS /ILL L>GELY DET]M9$ BY A 
DEC5TRALIZ$ COMPETITION4 ,IT IS N[ DET]M9$ BY A C5TRALIZ$ COMPETITION4 
,?OSE :O LOSE 9 ?IS %>P5$ COMPETITION SEE 9 ! 0NEW ORD]0 
NOT ONLY A NEW >RANGEM5T 9 ! DI/RIBUTION ( SURPLUS VALUE BUT ! 5D ( 
ALL SOCIAL LIFE BECAUSE IT MEANS ! 5D ( !IR CAPITALI/IC 
EXI/5CE4 ,?OSE :O W9 9 ?IS BATTLE WILL POSE AS ! CREATORS ( A 
0NEW SOCIETY10 A BETT] SOCIETY1 = IT IS A SOCIETY ?AT DOES 
SECURE = !M A BETT] CAPITALI/IC EXI/5CE4 ,= ! WORK]S1 
H[EV]1 NO NEW PROBLEM >ISES4 ,!IR GOAL REMA9S ! E/ABLI%M5T 
( A DIRECT UNITY BETWE5 PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION & ?US ! 
ABOLITION ( ! EXI/5CE ( A SEP>ATE CLASS OR POLITICAL GR\P ?AT CONTROLS 
CAPITAL & EXPLOITS LABOR4 

,NOTES 

#a4 
,CAPITAL4 ,VOL4 ,I2 P4 #a#c4 

#b4 ,FREE 
,TRADE4 ,AN ,ADDRESS ,DELIV]$ BE=E ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,ASSOCIATION ( 
,BRUSSELS4 #a#h#d#h2 P4 #d#c4 

#c4 ,GU/AV 
,/OLP]1 ,G]MAN ,ECONOMY #a#h#g-#a#i#d2 P4 #a4 

#d4 ,!OPHILE 
,GAUTI]2 QUOT$ BY ,S4 ,B4 ,CL\< 9 ,FRANCE3 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ,NATIONAL 
,ECONOMICS #a#g#h#i-#a#i#c#i2 P4 #a#h#b4 

#e4 ,! 
,BOL%EVIK SLOGAN1 0TO REA* & OV]TAKE ,WE/]N CAPITALISM10 = 
EXAMPLE1 WAS DICTAT$ BY NECESSITY 9 ORD] TO ESCAPE =EIGN EXPLOITATION & 
TO FO/] A NATIONAL DEVELOPM5T ?AT MADE FULL USE ( NATIONAL RES\RCES & 
LABOR 9 ! 9T]E/ ( A NATIVE RUL+ CLASS4 

#f4 ,! 
,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES ( ,MAY #a#a?1 #a#i#d#a1 QUOTES ,L4 ,DOM]ATZKY1 TRADE SPECIALI/ 
( ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,COMM]CE1 AS SAY+3 0,CONFRONT$ BY A POLITICAL 
COMB9ATION ON ! ,CONT95T ( ,EUROPE UND] ! DOM9ATION ( ,G]MANY1 ! 
9DIVIDUAL ,AM]ICAN 5TREPR5EUR W\LD H>DLY BE /RONG 5\< TO F9D 
A M>KET = HIS PRODUCT OR S]VICE EXCEPT ON T]MS LAID D[N BY ! ,NATIONAL 
,SOCIALI/ ,/ATE2 444 ! M]E FACT ?AT AN ,AM]ICAN PRODUCT OR S]VICE MI<T BE 
SUP]IOR W\LD NOT BE A SUFFICI5T BASIS = SUCCESSFUL EXPORT TRADE444 4 ,IF WE 
%\LD BE COMPELL$ TO ADOPT ECONOMIC SELF-SUFFICI5CY AS A NATIONAL POLICY1 IT 
W\LD 9VOLVE A DEGREE ( ECONOMIC PLANN+ ?AT MI<T S]I\SLY AFFECT SOME ( 
\R FUNDAM5TAL POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS40 

#g4 
,LETT]S TO ,DR4 ,KUGELMANN2 P4 #a#a#d4 

#h4 
,G]MANY ,ECONOMY2 P4 ,X,I,I,I4 

#i4 ,]IC 
,VOEGEL9 WRITES 9 0,SOME ,PROBLEMS ( ,G]MAN ,HEGEMONY0 7,! 
,J\RNAL ( ,POLITICS1 ,MAY #a#i#d#a1 P4 #a#f#f73 0,:]E ! 
REVOLUTION>Y & MILIT>Y EXPANSION WAS SUCCESSFUL1 IT RESULT$ 9 A RADICAL 
*ANGE ( P]SONNEL 9 ALL GOV]NM5TAL KEY POSITIONS444 4 ,! MEASURES 
EMPLOY$ 444 RANGE FROM SIMPLE DISMISSAL TO DET5TION 9 CONC5TRATION CAMPS1 
KILL+1 & =C$ EMIGRATION40 

#a4 ,P4 ,H4 
,D\GLAS1 ,! ,!ORY ( ,WAGES2 P4 #a#b#i4 

#a#a4 ,H5RY 
,=D1 TO USE A RELATIVELY SIMPLE EXAMPLE1 TODAY BUYS LESS FROM O!R 
5T]PRISES ?AN HE DID BE=E4 ,HE PRODUCES TO A L>GE EXT]N HIS [N 
FACTORIES1 MA*9ES TOOLS1 /EEL1 SOY BEANS1 ETC4 ,?US HIS CAPITAL GR[S BY A 
MORE DIRECT CONV]SION ( SURPLUS LABOR 9TO CAPITAL2 ?AT IS1 A GR[+ P>T 
( HIS PRODUCTION DOES NOT 5T] ! M>KET AT ALL1 NOR IS IT TAK5 FROM ! 
M>KET4 

#a#b4 ,= A 
GOOD DESCRIPTION ( ?IS SEE ,MONOGRAPH ,NO4 #d ( ! ,TEMPOR>Y ,NATIONAL 
,ECONOMIC ,COMMITTEE1 ,REGULATION ( ,ECONOMIC ,ACTIVITIES 9 ,=EIGN 
,C\NTRIES4 ,= CAPITAL CONC5TRATION & MONOPOLY CONTROL & RELAT$ 
QUE/IONS SEE ,! ,/RUCTURE ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,ECONOMY ( ! 
,NATIONAL ,RES\RCES ,COMMITTEE4 ,ALSO ! RESPECTIVE ,MONOGRAPHS ( ! 
,9VE/IGATION ( ,CONC5TRATION ( ,ECONOMIC ,P[]0 BY ! ,T4,N4,E4,C4 

#a#c4 ,MANYA 
,GORDON 9 H] BOOK ,WORK]S ,BE=E & ,AFT] ,L59 7P4 #a#h7 QUOTES 
,PREMI] ,MOLOTOV AS SAY+ 9 #a#i#c#b3 0,IT IS NECESS>Y TO OPPOSE VEHEM5TLY 
ALL ?OSE :O BELIEVE ?AT SOCIALISM MEANS PRODUCTION = USE40 

#a#d4 
,ACCORD+ TO ! ,U4 ,S4 ,DEP>TM5T ( ,COMM]CE ,ECONOMIC ,REVIEW ( ,=EIGN 
,C\NTRIES 9 #aici & #a#i#d1 ,G]MANY'S BALANCE ( TRADE1 EV5 UND] 
W> CONDITIONS1 HAS BECOME MORE FAVORABLE ?AN IT WAS BE=E ! W>4 ,! ,REI* 
WAS 5ABL$ TO R$UCE ITS CLE>+ 9DEBT$NESS 9 MANY C\NTRIES4 

#a#e4 
,CAPITAL4 ,VOL4 ,I2 P4 #h#f4 

#a#f4 
,LETT]S TO ,DR4 ,KUGELMANN2 PP4 #g#c-#g#d4 

#a#g4 ,9 HIS 
BOOK ,! ,POLITICS ( ,DEMOCRATIC ,SOCIALISM 7P4 #a#a7 ,E4 ,F4 ,M4 
,DURB93 WRITES3 0,IF HI!RTO 9DU/RIES LIV$ BY /RANGL+ EA* O!R1 
& B5EFITS W]E GA9$ = A SECTION BY />V+1 NOT BY FE$+1 ! :OLE 
( SOCIETY1 ) ! 9CREASE ( ! NUMB] ( MONOPOLIZ$ SECTIONS1 EV5 ! 
SECTIONAL B5EFITS DIM9I%$1 AS ALL PRICES ROSE AGA9/ EV]YBODY4 ,WE CAME TO 
LIVE1 NOT BY TAK+ 9 EA* O!R'S WA%+1 BUT BY EA* MAN G>ROT+ 
HIS NEI<BOR40 

#a#h4 
,CAPITAL4 ,VOL4 ,I2 P4 #g#d4 

#a#i4 ,H VON 
,BECK]A?4 ,! ,PHILOSOPHICAL ,REVIEW4 ,NOV4 #a#i#c#g2 P4 #e#i#e4 

#b4 
,CAPITAL4 ,VOL4 ,I2 P4 #i#b4 

#b#a4 ,F4 
,5GELS 9 A LETT] TO ,KAUTSKY .<#b4 ,SEPTEMB] #a#h#h#d.> 9 ,AUS D] 
,FRUHZEIT DES ,M>XISMUS2 P4 #a#d#e4 

#b#b4 
,HITL]'S RISE TO P[]1 HIS =EIGN POLICY1 & HIS 9T]NAL PROGRAM >E 
ALL 9T]DEP5D5T4 ,TO REVIVE ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM1 ALL ELSE ?AT HAS BE5 DONE 
9 ,G]MANY WAS ALSO NECESS>Y-! 05D+ ( UNEMPLOYM5T10 ! 
9CREAS+ ( /ATE CONTROL1 ! RE>MAM5T PROGRAM1 ETC1 & VICE V]SA4 ,!SE 
ACTIONS HAD !IR REP]CUSSIONS BECAUSE TO CREATE 0SOCIAL BALANCE0 
9 ONE CLASS SOCIETY IS TO DISLOCATE IT 9 ANO!R4 

#b#c4 ,DURB91 
,! ,POLITICS ( ,DEMOCRATIC ,SOCIALISM2 P4 #a4 

#b#d4 ,K4 ,M>X1 
,!ORI5 UB] D5 ,MEHRW]T2 ,VOL4 ,I,I,I1 P4 #c#a#h4 

#b#e4 
,G]MAN ,ECONOMY2 P4 #b#c#d4 

#b#f4 ,G]MAN 
9COME TAX FIGURES = #ai* DISCLOS$ AN 9CREASE 9 ! NUMB] & 9COME ( 
TAXPAY]S 9 ! HI<E/ BRACKETS1 & %>P PROPORTIONAL DECREASES AMONG ?OSE 
AT ! L[E/ LEVELS4 

#b#g4 ,HOBBES 
BELIEV$ ?AT A TOTALIT>IAN /ATE MI<T BE NE$$ TO SECURE ORD] 9 ! 
CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,HIS ,LEVIA?AN1 WRITES ,R4 ,H4 ,S4 ,CROSSMAN 
7,GOV]NM5T & ! ,GOV]N$2 P4 #f#i7 0IS ! FIR/ 
DEMOCRATIC ATTACK UPON DEMOCRACY40 ,HEGEL'S DISCUSSION ( ! 
V>I\S /AGES ( GOV]NM5T1 WRITES ,H4 ,M>CUSE 7,REASON & 
,REVOLUTION2 P4 #e#i7 0IS A CONCRETE DESCRIPTION ( ! DEVELOPM5T 
FROM LIB]ALISM TO AN AU?ORIT>IAN POLITICAL SY/EM444 ,! GI/ ( 
,HEGEL'S ANALYSIS IS ?AT LIB]ALI/IC SOCIETY GIVES BIR? TO AN 
AU?ORIT>IAN /ATE40 

#b#h4 
,SA9T-,SIMON & ,COMTE1 = EXAMPLE1 D]IV$ !IR OPTIMISM PRECISELY FROM ! 
AU?ORIT>IAN T5D5CIES 9H]5T 9 ! CAPITALI/IC REPRODUCTION PROCESS4 
,!Y DREAM$ ( A CONSCI\S RE-ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY ?R\< ! WISDOM & 
9TELLIG5CE ( A SELECT$ RUL+ BODY :I* W\LD PLAN & E/ABLI% A DESIR$ 
SOCIAL H>MONY4 

#b#i4 ,J4 ,J4 
,ROBB9S & ,G4 ,HECKS*]1 0,! ,CON/ITUTIONAL ,!ORY ( ,AUTONOM\S 
,GR\PS40 ,! ,J\RNAL ( ,POLITICS4 ,VOL4 #c1 ,NO4 #a2 P4 #a#i4 

#c4 
,REMEMB]1 = 9/ANCE1 ! USE ! ,ROOSEVELT ,ADM9I/RATION MADE ( ! ,C4,I4,O4 
MOVEM5T 9 ORD] TO CONSOLIDATE ITS P[]1 WON BY VIRTUE ( ! DEPRESSION1 
& TO /R5G!N ! GOV]NM5T'S POSITION AGA9/ ALL O!R GR\PS4 

#c#a4 ,ROBB9S 
& ,HECKS*]1 OP4 CIT4 ,! ,J\RNAL ( ,POLITICS4 ,VOL4 #c1 ,NO4 #a2 P4 
#b#c4 

#c#b4 ,H4 
,GO]+ WRITES 9 ,G]MANY ,REBORN 7P4 #f#g73 '',IT WILL 
ALWAYS REMA9 ,HITL]'S GREATE/ M]IT ?AT HE DID NOT BRIDGE ! GULF 
BETWE5 PROLET>IAT & B\RGEOISIE1 BUT FILL$ IT BY HURL+ BO? ,M>XIAN 
P>TIES & B\RGEOIS P>TIES 9TO ! ABYSS40 

#c#c4 ,QUOT$ 
BY ,N4 ,E4 ,LONG 9 ,! ,J\RNAL ( ,POLITICS1 ,MAY #a#i#d#a2 P4 #b#a4 

#c#d4 ,N4 ,E4 
,LONG1 0,P>TY & ,CON/ITUTION40 ,! ,J\RNAL ( 
,POLITICS1 ,MAY #a#i#d#a2 P4 #b#b4 

#c#e4 
,! ,NEW ,/ATESMAN & ,NATION 7,NOVEMB] #b#c1 #a#i#d7 WRITES3 0,IT 
IS ! RAILWAY %>EHOLD]S :O N[ CLAMOR = NATIONALIZATION S9CE !Y KN[ 
?AT ! /ATE MU/ GIVE !M :AT IS KN[N AS A 'FAIR RETURN 9 
P]PETUITY4' ,! BANKS >E QUITE 9DIFF]5T TO SU* A ?REAT ( 
NATIONALIZATION4 ,!Y KN[ !Y WON'T LOSE 9 ! PROCESS1 & ! BIG 
EXECUTIVES WILL F9D A PEACEFUL HOME 9 ! ,CONSOLIDAT$ ,FUND4 ,!RE >E MANY 
CAPTA9S ( 9DU/RY :O W\LD N[ LIKE TO BE ! ,COMMISS>S ( ,/ATE-FO/]$ 
MONOPOLIES ) ! SAME OR L>G] 9COMES OBTA9$ FREE ( RISK4 ,!RE IS EV5 
A HORRID SUSPICION ?AT SOME ,LABOR LEAD]S C\LD BE FLATT]$ BY ! (F] ( 
SU* PO/S40 

#c#f4 ,E4 
,WAGEMANN1 ,WIRTS*AFTSPOLITIS*E ,/RATEGIE2 P4 #c#d#a4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #b1 #bba 3 ,H[ ,NEW IS ! ',NEW ,ORD]' ( ,FASCISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,H[ ,NEW IS ! ',NEW ,ORD]' ( ,FASCISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/