,*APT] #c 
,NONVIOL5CE IS ,/ATI/ 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,GELD]LOOS 

,TEXT 3 

,NONVIOL5CE IS ,/ATI/ 

,PUT QUITE PLA9LY1 NONVIOL5CE 5SURES A /ATE MONOPOLY ON VIOL5CE4 ,/ATES -- ! C5TRALIZ$ BUREAUCRACIES ?AT PROTECT CAPITALISM2 PRES]VE A :ITE SUPREMACI/1 PATRI>*AL ORD]2 & IMPLEM5T IMP]IALI/ EXPANSION -- SURVIVE BY ASSUM+ ! ROLE ( ! SOLE LEGITIMATE PURVEYOR ( VIOL5T =CE )9 !IR T]RITORY4 ,ANY /RUGGLE AGA9/ OPPRESSION NECESSITATES A CONFLICT ) ! /ATE4 ,PACIFI/S DO ! /ATE'S WORK BY PACIFY+ ! OPPOSITION 9 ADVANCE4.<#h#h.> ,/ATES1 = !IR P>T1 DISC\RAGE MILITANCY )9 ! OPPOSITION1 & 5C\RAGE PASSIVITY4 

,SOME PACIFI/S OBSCURE ?IS MUTUAL RELATION%IP BY CLAIM+ ?AT ! GOV]NM5T W\LD JU/ LOVE TO SEE !M AB&ON !IR NONVIOL5T DISCIPL9E & GIVE 9 TO VIOL5CE1 ?AT ! GOV]NM5T EV5 5C\RAGES VIOL5CE FROM DISSID5TS1 & ?AT MANY ACTIVI/S URG+ MILITANCY >E1 9 FACT1 GOV]NM5T PROVOCATEURS4.<#h#i.> ,?US1 !Y >GUE1 IT IS ! MILITANT ACTIVI/S :O >E PLAY+ 9TO ! H&S ( ! /ATE4 ,AL?\< 9 SOME 9/ANCES ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T HAS US$ 9FILTRATORS TO 5C\RAGE RESI/ANCE GR\PS TO HO>D WEAPONS OR PLAN VIOL5T ACTIONS 7= EXAMPLE1 9 ! CASES ( ! ,MOLLY ,MAGUIRES & ,JONA?AN ,JACKSON'S ATTEMPT$ C\R?\SE /RIKE.<#i.>71 A CRITICAL DI/9CTION MU/ BE MADE4 ,! GOV]NM5T ONLY 5C\RAGES VIOL5CE :5 IT IS SURE ?AT ! VIOL5CE CAN BE CONTA9$ & WILL NOT GET \T ( H&4 ,9 ! 5D1 CAUS+ A MILITANT RESI/ANCE GR\P TO ACT PREMATURELY OR WALK 9TO A TRAP ELIM9ATES ! GR\P'S POT5TIAL = VIOL5CE BY GU>ANTEE+ AN EASY LIFE S5T5CE OR ALL[+ AU?ORITIES TO SIDE/EP ! JUDICIAL PROCESS & KILL (F ! RADICALS MORE QUICKLY1 ,ON ! :OLE1 & 9 NE>LY ALL O!R 9/ANCES1 ! AU?ORITIES PACIFY ! POPULATION & DISC\RAGE VIOL5T REBELLION4 

,!RE IS A CLE> REASON = ?IS4 ,CONTR>Y TO ! FATU\S CLAIMS ( PACIFI/S ?AT !Y SOMEH[ EMP[] !MSELVES BY CUTT+ \T ! GREAT] P>T ( !IR TACTICAL OPTIONS1 GOV]NM5TS EV]Y:]E RECOGNIZE ?AT UNCON/RA9$ REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVISM POSES ! GREAT] ?REAT ( *ANG+ ! DI/RIBUTION ( P[] 9 SOCIETY4 ,?\< ! /ATE ALWAYS RES]VES ! RI<T TO REPRESS :OMEV] IT WI%ES1 MOD]N 0DEMOCRATIC0 GOV]NM5TS TREAT NONVIOL5T SOCIAL MOVEM5TS ) REVOLUTION>Y GOALS AS POT5TIAL1 RA!R ?AN ACTUAL1 ?REATS4 ,!Y SPY ON SU* MOVEM5TS TO /AY AW>E ( DEVELOPM5TS1 & !Y USE A C>ROT-&-/ICK APPROA* TO H]D SU* MOVEM5TS 9TO FULLY PEACEFUL1 LEGAL1 & 9EFFECTIVE *ANNELS4 ,NONVIOL5T GR\PS MAY BE SUBJECT$ TO BEAT+S1 BUT SU* GR\PS >E NOT T>GET$ = ELIM9ATION 7EXCEPT BY REGRESSIVE GOV]NM5TS OR GOV]NM5TS FAC+ A P]IOD ( EM]G5CY ?AT ?REAT5S !IR /ABILITY74 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ! /ATE TREATS MILITANT GR\PS 7?OSE SAME GR\PS PACIFI/S DEEM 9EFFECTIVE7 AS ACTUAL ?REATS & ATTEMPTS TO NEUTRALIZE !M ) HI<LY DEVELOP$ C\NT]9SURG5CY & DOME/IC W>F>E OP]ATIONS4 ,HUNDR$S ( UNION ORGANIZ]S1 AN>*I/S1 COMMUNI/S1 & MILITANT F>M]S W]E KILL$ 9 ! ANTI-CAPITALI/ /RUGGLES ( ! LATE #a#i? & E>LY #b? C5TURIES4 ,DUR+ ! LA/ G5]ATION'S LIB]ATION /RUGGLES1 ,F,B,I-SUPPORT$ P>AMILIT>IES KILL$ SIXTY ,AM]ICAN ,9DIAN ,MOVEM5T 7,A,I,M7 ACTIVI/S & SUPPORT]S ON ! ,P9E ,RIDGE ,RES]VATION ALONE1 & ! ,F,B,I1 LOCAL POLICE1 & PAID AG5TS KILL$ DOZ5S ( MEMB]S ( ! ,BLACK ,PAN!R ,P>TY1 ,REPUBLIC ( ,NEW ,AFRIKA1 ! ,BLACK ,LIB]ATION ,>MY1 & O!R GR\PS4.<#i#a.> 

,VA/ RES\RCES W]E MOBILIZ$ T[>D 9FILTRAT+ & DE/ROY+ MILITANT REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONS DUR+ ! ,C,O,9,T,E,L,P,R,O ]A4 ,ANY H9T ( MILITANT ORGANIZ+ BY COLONIZ$ PEOPLES1 ,PU]TO ,RICANS1 & O!RS )9 ,U,S T]RITORIAL PURVIEW /ILL 9CURS VIOL5T REPRESSION4 ,PRIOR TO ,SEPTEMB] #a#a1 ! ,F,B,I HAD NAM$ ! SABOTEURS & >SONI/S ( ! ,E>? ,LIB]ATION ,FRONT 7,E,L,F7 & ,ANIMAL ,LIB]ATION ,FRONT 7,A,L,F7 AS ! GREATE/ DOME/IC T]RORISM ?REATS1 EV5 ?\< !SE TWO GR\PS HAD KILL$ EXACTLY Z]O PEOPLE4 ,EV5 S9CE ! BOMB+S ( ! ,WORLD ,TRADE ,C5T] & ! ,P5TAGON1 ! ,E,L,F & ,A,L,F HAVE REMA9$ PRIORITIES = GOV]NM5T REPRESSION1 AS SE5 9 ! >RE/S ( OV] A DOZ5 ALLEG$ ,E,L,F_/,A,L,F MEMB]S2 ! AGREEM5T ( MANY ( !SE PRISON]S TO BECOME SNIT*ES AFT] ONE ( !M DI$ 9 A SUSPICI\S SUICIDE & ALL ( !M HAD BE5 ?REAT5$ ) LIFE S5T5CES2 & ! 9C>C]ATION ( SEV]AL MEMB]S ( AN ABOVE-GR\ND ANIMAL RI<TS GR\P = H\ND+ A VIVISECTION COMPANY ) AN AGGRESSIVE BOYCOTT -- :I* ! GOV]NM5T HAS T]M$ 0ANIMAL 5T]PRISE T]RORISM40.<#i#b.> ,& AT A TIME :5 ! ,LEFT WAS %OCK$ ?AT ! POLICE & MILIT>Y W]E SPY+ ON PEACE GR\PS1 F> LESS ATT5TION WAS GIV5 TO ! GOV]NM5T'S CONT9U+ REPRESSION ( ! ,PU]TO ,RICAN LIB]ATION MOVEM5T1 9CLUD+ ! ,F,B,I ASSASS9ATION ( ,MA*ET]O LEAD] ,FILIB]TO ,OJ$A ,RIOS4.<#i#c.> 

,BUT WE NE$ NOT 9F] ! OP9IONS & PRIORITIES ( ! /ATE'S SECURITY APP>ATUS FROM ! ACTIONS ( ITS AG5TS4 ,WE CAN TAKE !IR WORD = IT4 ,F,B,I ,C,O,9,T,E,L,P,R,O DOCUM5TS1 REVEAL$ TO ! PUBLIC ONLY BECAUSE 9 #aiga SOME ACTIVI/S BROKE 9TO AN ,F,B,I (FICE 9 ,P5NSYLVANIA & /OLE !M1 CLE>LY DEMON/RATE ?AT A MAJOR OBJECTIVE ( ! ,F,B,I IS TO KEEP W\LD-BE REVOLUTION>IES PASSIVE4 ,9 A LI/ ( FIVE GOALS ) REG>D TO BLACK NATIONALI/ & BLACK LIB]ATION GR\PS1 9 ! #a#i#fS1 ! ,F,B,I 9CLUDES ! FOLL[+3 

,PREV5T VIOL5CE ON ! P>T ( BLACK NATIONALI/ GR\PS4 ,?IS IS ( PRIM>Y IMPORTANCE1 & IS1 ( C\RSE1 A GOAL ( \R 9VE/IGATIVE ACTIVITY2 IT %\LD ALSO BE A GOAL ( ! ,C\NT]9TELLIG5CE ,PROGRAM .<9 ! ORIG9AL GOV]NM5T L+O1 ?AT PHRASE REF]S TO A SPECIFIC OP]ATION1 ( :I* !RE W]E ?\S&S1 & NOT ! OV]>*+ PROGRAM.>4 ,?R\< C\NT]9TELLIG5CE IT %\LD BE POSSIBLE TO P9PO9T POT5TIAL TR\BLEMAK]S & NEUTRALIZE !M BE=E !Y EX]CISE !IR POT5TIAL = VIOL5CE4.<#i#d.> 

,9 ID5TIFY+ SUCCESSFUL 0NEUTRALIZATIONS0 9 O!R DOCUM5TS1 ! ,F,B,I USES ! T]M TO 9CLUDE ACTIVI/S :O W]E ASSASS9AT$1 IMPRISON$1 FRAM$1 DISCR$IT$1 OR H>ASS$ UNTIL !Y CEAS$ TO BE POLITICALLY ACTIVE4 ,! MEMO ALSO LI/S ! IMPORTANCE ( PREV5T+ ! RISE ( A BLACK 0MESSIAH40 ,AFT] SMUGLY NOT+ ?AT ,MALCOLM ,X C\LD HAVE FULFILL$ ?IS ROLE1 BUT IS 9/EAD ! M>TYR ( ! MOVEM5T1 ! MEMO NAMES ?REE BLACK LEAD]S :O HAVE ! POT5TIAL TO BE ?AT MESSIAH4 ,ONE ( ! ?REE 0C\LD BE A V]Y REAL CONT5D] = ?IS POSITION %\LD HE AB&ON HIS SUPPOS$ 'OB$I5CE' TO ':ITE1 LIB]AL DOCTR9ES' 7NONVIOL5CE70 .<P>5!SIS 9 ! ORIG9AL.>4 ,! MEMO ALSO EXPLA9S ! NE$ TO GO AB\T DISCR$IT+ MILITANT BLACKS 9 ! EYES ( ! 0RESPONSIBLE ,NEGRO COMMUNITY0 & ! 0:ITE COMMUNITY40 ,?IS %[S BO? H[ ! /ATE CAN C\NT ON KNEE-J]K PACIFI/ CONDEMNATION ( VIOL5CE & H[ PACIFI/S EFFECTIVELY DO ! /ATE'S DIRTY WORK BY FAIL+ TO USE !IR CULTURAL 9FLU5CE TO MAKE MILITANT RESI/ANCE TO TYRANNY 0RESPECTABLE40 ,9/EAD1 PACIFI/S CLAIM ?AT MILITANCY ALI5ATES PEOPLE1 & DO NO?+ TO ATTEMPT TO C\NT]ACT ?IS PH5OM5ON4 

,ANO!R ,F,B,I MEMO1 ?IS ONE ON ,AM]ICAN ,9DIAN ,MOVEM5T ACTIVI/ ,JOHN ,TRUDELL1 %[S ! SAME UND]/&+ ON ! P>T ( ! /ATE'S POLITICAL POLICE ?AT PACIFI/S >E AN 9]T SORT ( DISSID5T ?AT DO NOT YET POSE A ?REAT TO ! E/ABLI%$ ORD]4 0,T,R,U,D,E,L,L HAS ! ABILITY TO MEET ) A GR\P ( PACIFI/S & 9 A %ORT TIME HAVE !M YELL+ & SCREAM+ 'RI<T-ON6' ,9 %ORT1 HE IS AN EXTREMELY EFFECTIVE AGITATOR40.<#i#e.> 

,! GOV]NM5T CONSI/5TLY DEMON/RATES ! UNSURPRIS+ FACT ?AT IT PREF]S TO GO UP AGA9/ A PEACEFUL OPPOSITION4 ,MU* MORE REC5TLY1 AN ,F,B,I MEMO S5T TO LOCAL LAW-5=CEM5T AG5CIES ACROSS ! C\NTRY1 & SUBSEQU5TLY LEAK$ TO ! PRESS1 MAKES IT CLE> :OM ! GOV]NM5T ID5TIFIES AS EXTREMI/S & PRIORITIZES = NEUTRALIZATION4 

,ON ,OCTOB] #b#e1 #b#c1 MASS M>*ES & RALLIES AGA9/ ! OCCUPATION 9 ,IRAQ >E S*$UL$ TO OCCUR 9 ,WA%+TON1 ,D,C1 & ,SAN ,FRANCISCO1 ,CALI=NIA4444.<,T.>HE POSSIBILITY EXI/S ?AT ELEM5TS ( ! ACTIVI/ COMMUNITY MAY ATTEMPT TO 5GAGE 9 VIOL5T1 DE/RUCTIVE1 OR DISRUPTIVE ACTS4444 

,TRADITIONAL DEMON/RATION TACTICS BY :I* PROTE/]S DRAW ATT5TION TO !IR CAUSES 9CLUDE M>*ES1 BANN]S1 & =MS ( PASSIVE RESI/ANCE SU* AS SIT-9S .<EMPHASIS M9E.>4 ,EXTREMI/ 
ELEM5TS MAY 5GAGE 9 MORE AGGRESSIVE TACTICS ?AT CAN 9CLUDE V&ALISM1 PHYSICAL H>ASSM5T ( DELEGATES1 TRESPASS+1 ! =MATION ( HUMAN *A9S OR %IELDS1 MAKE%IFT B>RICADES1 DEVICES US$ AGA9/ M\NT$ POLICE UNITS1 & ! USE ( WEAPONS-SU* AS PROJECTILES & HOMEMADE BOMBS4.<#i#f.> 

,! BULK ( ! MEMO FOCUSES ON !SE EXTREMI/ ELEM5TS CLE>LY ID5TIFI$ AS ACTIVI/S EMPLOY+ A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS AS OPPOS$ TO PACIFI/ ACTIVI/S1 :O >E NOT ID5TIFI$ AS A MAJOR ?REAT4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! MEMO1 EXTREMI/S EXHIBIT ! FOLL[+ ID5TIFY+ *>ACT]I/ICS4 

,EXTREMI/S MAY BE PREP>$ TO DEF5D !MSELVES AGA9/ LAW 5=CEM5T (FICIALS DUR+ ! C\RSE ( A DEMON/RATION4 ,MASKS 7GAS MASKS1 GOGGLES1 SC>VES1 SCUBA MASKS1 FILT] MASKS1 & SUNGLASSES7 CAN S]VE TO M9IMIZE ! EFFECTS ( TE> GAS & PEPP] SPRAY1 AS WELL AS OBSCURE ONE'S ID5TITY4 ,EXTREMI/S MAY ALSO EMPLOY %IELDS 7TRA% CAN LIDS1 %EETS ( PLEXIGLASS1 TRUCK TIRE 9N] TUBES1 ETC47 & BODY PROTECTION EQUIPM5T 7LAY]$ CLO?+1 H>D HATS & HELMETS1 SPORT+ EQUIPM5T1 LIFE JACKETS1 ETC47 TO PROTECT !MSELVES DUR+ M>*ES4 ,ACTIVI/S MAY ALSO USE 9TIMIDATION TE*NIQUES SU* AS VIDEOTAP+ & ! SW>M+ ( POLICE (FIC]S TO H9D] ! >RE/ ( O!R DEMON/RATORS4 

,AFT] DEMON/RATIONS1 ACTIVI/S >E USUALLY RELUCTANT TO COOP]ATE ) LAW 5=CEM5T (FICIALS4 ,!Y SELDOM C>RY ANY ID5TIFICATION PAP]S & (T5 REFUSE TO DIVULGE ANY 9=MATION 
AB\T !MSELVES OR O!R PROTE/]S4444 

,LAW 5=CEM5T (FICIALS %\LD BE AL]T TO !SE POSSIBLE 9DICATORS ( PROTE/ ACTIVITY & REPORT ANY POT5TIALLY ILLEGAL ACTS TO ! NE>E/ ,F,B,I ,JO9T ,T]RORISM ,TASK ,=CE4.<#i#g.> 

,H[ SAD IS IT ?AT ! SURE/ M>K ( AN 0EXTREMI/0 IS A WILL+NESS TO DEF5D ONESELF AGA9/ ATTACKS BY ! POLICE1 & H[ MU* RESPONSIBILITY DO PACIFI/S BE> 9 CREAT+ ?IS SITUATION8 ,9 ANY CASE1 BY DIS[N+ & EV5 D5\NC+ ACTIVI/S :O USE A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS1 PACIFI/S MAKE SU* EXTREMI/S VULN]ABLE TO ! REPRESSION ?AT POLICE AG5CIES CLE>LY WANT TO USE AGA9/ !M4 

,AS IF IT W]E NOT 5\< TO DISC\RAGE MILITANCY & CONDITION DISSID5TS TO USE NONVIOL5CE ?R\< VIOL5T REPRESSION ( ! UNRULY1 ! GOV]NM5T ALSO 9JECTS PACIFISM 9TO REBEL MOVEM5TS MORE DIRECTLY4 ,TWO YE>S AFT] 9VAD+ ,IRAQ1 ! ,U,S MILIT>Y GOT CAU<T 9T]F]+ ONCE AGA9 9 ! ,IRAQI NEWS M$IA 7PRIOR 9T]F]5CE 9CLUD$ BOMB+ UNFRI5DLY M$IA1 RELEAS+ FALSE /ORIES1 & CREAT+ 5TIRELY NEW ,>AB-LANGUAGE M$IA ORGANIZATIONS SU* AS AL-,HURRIYAH ?AT W\LD BE RUN BY ! ,DEF5SE ,DEP>TM5T AS A P>T ( !IR PSY*OLOGICAL OP]ATIONS74 ,?IS TIME1 ! ,P5TAGON WAS PAY+ TO 9S]T >TICLES 9 ,IRAQI NEWSPAP]S URG+ UNITY 7AGA9/ ! 9SURG5TS7 & NONVIOL5CE4.<#i#h.> ,! >TICLES W]E WRITT5 AS ?\< ! AU?ORS W]E ,IRAQI 9 AN ATTEMPT TO RE9 9 ! MILITANT RESI/ANCE & MANIPULATE ,IRAQIS 9TO DIPLOMATIC =MS ( OPPOSITION ?AT W\LD BE EASI] TO CO-OPT & CONTROL4 

,! ,P5TAGON'S SELECTIVE USE ( PACIFISM 9 ,IRAQ CAN S]VE AS A P>ABLE = ! BROAD] ORIG9S ( NONVIOL5CE4 ,NAMELY1 IT COMES FROM ! /ATE4 ,A CONQU]$ POPULATION IS S*OOL$ 9 NONVIOL5CE ?R\< ITS RELATION%IP ) A P[] /RUCTURE ?AT HAS CLAIM$ A MONOPOLY ON ! RI<T TO USE VIOL5CE4 ,IT IS ! ACCEPTANCE1 BY ! DISEMP[]$1 ( ! /ATI/ BELIEF ?AT ! MASSES MU/ BE /RIPP$ ( !IR NATURAL ABILITIES = DIRECT ACTION1 9CLUD+ ! PROP5SITIES = SELF-DEF5SE & ! USE ( =CE1 OR !Y WILL DESC5D 9TO *AOS1 9TO A CYCLE ( VIOL5CE1 9TO HURT+ & OPPRESS+ ONE ANO!R4 ,?US IS GOV]NM5T SAFETY1 & SLAV]Y FRE$OM4 ,ONLY A PEOPLE TRA9$ TO ACCEPT BE+ RUL$ BY A VIOL5T P[] /RUCTURE CAN REALLY QUE/ION SOMEONE'S RI<T & NE$ TO =CEFULLY DEF5D H]SELF AGA9/ OPPRESSION4 ,PACIFISM IS ALSO A =M ( LE>N$ HELPLESSNESS1 ?R\< :I* DISSID5TS RETA9 ! GOODWILL ( ! /ATE BY SIGNIFY+ ?AT !Y HAVE NOT USURP$ P[]S ! /ATE EXCLUSIVELY CLAIMS 7SU* AS SELF-DEF5SE74 ,9 ?IS WAY1 A PACIFI/ BEHAVES LIKE A WELL-TRA9$ DOG :O IS BEAT5 BY HIS MA/]3 RA!R ?AN BITE HIS ATTACK]1 HE L[]S HIS TAIL & SIGNIFIES HIS H>MLESSNESS1 RESIGN+ HIMSELF TO ! BEAT+S 9 ! HOPE ?AT !Y /OP4 

,MORE IMM$IATELY1 ,FRANTZ ,FANON DESCRIBES ! ORIG9S & FUNCTION ( NONVIOL5CE )9 ! DECOLONIZATION PROCESS :5 HE WRITES3 

,! COLONIALI/ B\RGEOISIE 9TRODUCES ?AT NEW IDEA :I* IS 9 PROP] P>LANCE A CREATION ( ! COLONIAL SITUATION3 NONVIOL5CE4 ,9 ITS SIMPLE/ =M ?IS NONVIOL5CE SIGNIFIES TO ! 9TELLECTUAL & ECONOMIC ELITE ( ! COLONIZ$ C\NTRY ?AT ! B\RGEOISIE HAS ! SAME 9T]E/S AS !Y4444,NONVIOL5CE IS AN ATTEMPT TO SETTLE ! COLONIAL PROBLEM >\ND A GRE5 BAIZE TABLE1 BE=E ANY REGRETTABLE ACT HAS BE5 P]=M$444BE=E ANY BLOOD HAS BE5 %$4 ,BUT IF ! MASSES1 )\T WAIT+ = ! *AIRS TO BE >RANG$ >\ND ! BAIZE TABLE1 LI/5 TO !IR [N VOICE & BEG9 COMMITT+ \TRAGES & SETT+ FIRE TO BUILD+S1 ! ELITE & ! NATIONALI/ B\RGEOIS P>TIES WILL BE SE5 RU%+ TO ! COLONIALI/S TO EXCLAIM1 ',?IS IS V]Y S]I\S6 ,WE DO NOT KN[ H[ IT WILL 5D2 WE MU/ F9D A SOLUTION-SOME SORT ( COMPROMISE4'.<#i#i.> 

,?IS UND]LY+ COM=T ) ! VIOL5CE ( ! /ATE1 COMB9$ ) %OCK AT ! 0\TRAGES0 ( =CEFUL REBELLION1 LULLS PACIFI/S 9TO RELY+ ON /ATE VIOL5CE = PROTECTION4 ,= EXAMPLE1 PACIFI/ ORGANIZ]S EXEMPT ! POLICE FROM ! 0NONVIOL5CE CODES0 ?AT >E COMMON AT PROTE/S !SE DAYS2 !Y DO NOT ATTEMPT TO DIS>M ! POLICE :O PROTECT PEACE PROTE/]S FROM ANGRY1 PRO-W> C\NT]-DEMON/RATORS4 ,9 PRACTICE1 PACIFI/ MORALITY DEMON/RATES ?AT IT IS MORE ACCEPTABLE = RADICALS TO RELY ON ! VIOL5CE ( ! GOV]NM5T = PROTECTION ?AN TO DEF5D !MSELVES4 

,IT IS FAIRLY OBVI\S :Y ! AU?ORITIES W\LD WANT RADICALS TO REMA9 VULN]ABLE4 ,BUT :Y DO PACIFI/S8 ,IT IS NOT AS ?\< SUPPORT]S ( NONVIOL5CE HAVE HAD A %ORTAGE ( OPPORTUNITIES TO LE>N :AT HAPP5S TO DEF5SELESS RADICALS4 ,TAKE = EXAMPLE ! #aigi RALLY AGA9/ :ITE SUPREMACY 9 ,GRE5SBORO1 ,NOR? ,C>OL9A4 ,AN ASSORTM5T ( BLACK & :ITE WORK]S1 LABOR ORGANIZ]S1 & ,COMMUNI/S1 ACCEPT+ ! PREMISE ?AT DIS>M+ & ALL[+ A POLICE MONOPOLY ON VIOL5T =CE W\LD BETT] 5SURE PEACE1 AGRE$ TO NOT C>RY WEAPONS = PROTECTION4 ,! RESULT WAS AN EV5T N[ KN[N AS ! ,GRE5SBORO ,MASSACRE4 ,! POLICE & ,F,B,I COLLABORAT$ ) ! LOCAL ,KLAN & ,NAZI ,P>TY TO ATTACK ! DEMON/RATORS1 :O W]E RELY+ ON POLICE PROTECTION4 ,:ILE ! POLICE W]E CONV5I5TLY ABS5T1 ! :ITE SUPREMACI/S ATTACK$ ! M>* & %OT #ac PEOPLE1 KILL+ FIVE4 ,:5 ! POLICE RETURN$ TO ! SC5E1 !Y BEAT & >RE/$ SEV]AL PROTE/]S & LET ! RACI/ ?UGS GET AWAY4.<#a.> 

,9 ! *AOS ( ANY REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION1 RI<T-W+ P>AMILIT>IES SU* AS ! ,KU ,KLUX ,KLAN >E MORE ?AN HAPPY TO ELIM9ATE RADICALS4 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,LEGION REC5TLY DECL>$ 0W>0 ON ! ANTI-W> MOVEM5T4.<#a#a.> ,?AT ORGANIZATION'S HI/ORY ( LYN*+ AN>*I/ LABOR ORGANIZ]S SUGGE/S ! MEANS !Y'LL USE :5 !IR BELOV$ FLAG IS ?REAT5$4.<#a#b.> 

,! DEBATE BETWE5 PACIFISM & A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS 79CLUD+ SELF-DEF5SE & C\NT]ATTACK7 MAY 5D UP BE+ DECID$ IF ! CURR5T ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN MOVEM5T EV] DEVELOPS TO ! PO9T ( POS+ A ?REAT1 :5 POLICE AG5CIES H& OV] !IR BLACKLI/S1 & RI<T-W+ P>AMILIT>IES LYN* ANY 0TRAITORS0 !Y CAN GET !IR H&S ON4 ,?IS SITUATION HAS OCCURR$ 9 ! PA/1 MO/ NOTABLY 9 ! #a#i#bS1 &1 TO A LESS] EXT5T1 9 RESPONSE TO ! CIVIL RI<TS MOVEM5T4 ,LET US ONLY HOPE ?AT IF \R MOVEM5T ONCE AGA9 POSES A ?REAT1 AS FEW ( US AS POSSIBLE WILL BE CON/RA9$ BY AN IDEOLOGY ?AT LEAVES US DANG]\SLY VULN]ABLE4 

,DESPITE ?IS HI/ORY ( REPRESSION1 PROPON5TS ( NONVIOL5CE FREQU5TLY RELY ON ! VIOL5CE ( ! /ATE1 NOT JU/ TO PROTECT !M1 BUT ALSO TO ACCOMPLI% !IR GOALS4 ,IF ?IS RELIANCE DOES NOT ALWAYS LEAD TO \TRI<T DISA/]S LIKE ! ,GRE5SBORO ,MASSACRE1 IT C]TA9LY CANNOT EXON]ATE ! NONVIOL5T POSITION4 ,PACIFI/S CLAIM+ TO ES*EW VIOL5CE HELP$ TO DESEGREGATE S*OOLS & UNIV]SITIES ?R\<\T ! ,S\?1 BUT1 ULTIMATELY1 IT WAS >M$ UNITS ( ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D ?AT ALL[$ ! FIR/ BLACK /UD5TS TO 5T] !SE S*OOLS & PROTECT !M FROM =CEFUL ATTEMPTS AT EXPULSION & WORSE4 ,IF PACIFI/S >E UNABLE TO DEF5D !IR [N GA9S1 :AT WILL !Y DO :5 !Y DON'T HAVE ! ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE ( ! POLICE & ,NATIONAL ,GU>D8 7,9CID5TALLY1 W\LD PACIFI/S REMEMB] DESEGREGATION AS A FAILURE = NONVIOL5CE IF BLACK FAMILIES HAD NE$$ TO CALL 9 ! ,DEACONS = ,DEF5SE1 9/EAD ( ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D1 TO PROTECT !IR *ILDR5 5T]+ ?OSE ALL-:ITE S*OOLS87 ,9/ITUTIONAL DESEGREGATION WAS DEEM$ FAVORABLE TO ! :ITE SUPREMACI/ P[] /RUCTURE BECAUSE IT DEFUZ$ A CRISIS1 9CREAS$ POSSIBILITIES = CO-OPT+ BLACK LEAD]%IP1 & /REAML9$ ! ECONOMY1 ALL )\T NEGAT+ ! RACIAL HI]>*Y SO FUNDAM5TAL TO ,U,S SOCIETY4 ,?US1 ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D WAS CALL$ 9 TO HELP DESEGREGATE UNIV]SITIES4 ,IT IS NOT ?AT H>D TO IMAG9E A SET ( REVOLUTION>Y GOALS ?AT ! ,NATIONAL ,GU>D W\LD NEV] BE CALL$ 9 TO PROTECT4 

,:ILE PACIFI/S PROTE/+ ,U,S MILIT>ISM CAN NEV] GET ! POLICE OR ,NATIONAL ,GU>D TO SIMPLY 5=CE ! LAW -- DIS>M+ WEAPONS BANN$ BY 9T]NATIONAL TREATIES OR CLOS+ MILIT>Y S*OOLS ?AT TRA9 SOLDI]S 9 TORTURE TE*NIQUES -- ! GOV]NM5T /ILL B5EFITS FROM ALL[+ !SE FUTILE DEMON/RATIONS TO TAKE PLACE4 ,P]MITT+ NONVIOL5T PROTE/ IMPROVES ! IMAGE ( ! /ATE4 ,:E!R !Y MEAN TO OR NOT1 NONVIOL5T DISSID5TS PLAY ! ROLE ( A LOYAL OPPOSITION 9 A P]=MANCE ?AT DRAMATIZES DISS5T & CREATES ! ILLUSION ?AT DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T IS NOT ELITI/ OR AU?ORIT>IAN4 ,PACIFI/S PA9T ! /ATE AS B5IGN BY GIV+ AU?ORITY ! *ANCE TO TOL]ATE A CRITICISM ?AT DOES NOT ACTUALLY ?REAT5 ITS CONT9U$ OP]ATION4 ,A COLORFUL1 CONSCI5TI\S1 PASSIVE PROTE/ 9 FRONT ( A MILIT>Y BASE ONLY IMPROVES ! ,P,R IMAGE ( ! MILIT>Y1 = SURELY ONLY A JU/ & HUMANE MILIT>Y W\LD TOL]ATE PROTE/S \TSIDE ITS FRONT GATE4 ,SU* A PROTE/ IS LIKE A FL[] /UCK 9 ! B>REL ( A GUN4 ,IT DOES NOT IMP$E ! ABILITY ( ! GUN TO FIRE4 

,:AT MO/ PACIFI/S DO NOT SEEM TO UND]/& IS ?AT FREE SPEE* DOES NOT EMP[] US1 & IT DOES NOT EQUAL FRE$OM4 ,FREE SPEE* IS A PRIVILEG.<#a#c.>E ?AT CAN BE -- & IS -- TAK5 AWAY BY ! GOV]NM5T :5 IT S]VES !IR 9T]E/S4 ,! /ATE HAS ! UNCONTE/$ P[] TO TAKE AWAY \R 0RI<TS10 & HI/ORY %[S ! EX]CISE ( ?AT P[] REGUL>LY4.<#a#d.> ,EV5 9 \R DAILY LIFE1 WE CAN TRY TO SAY :ATEV] WE WANT TO BOSSES1 JUDGES1 OR POLICE (FIC]S1 & UNLESS WE >E SLAVI%LY CONG5IAL1 HONE/Y & A FREE TONGUE WILL LEAD TO H>MFUL CONSEQU5CES4 ,9 SITUATIONS ( SOCIAL EM]G5CY1 ! LIMITATIONS ON 0FREE SPEE*0 BECOME EV5 MORE PRON\NC$4 ,CONSID] ! ACTIVI/S IMPRISON$ = SPEAK+ AGA9/ ! DRAFT 9 ,WORLD ,W> ,I & ! PEOPLE >RE/$ 9 #bd = HOLD+ PROTE/ SIGNS AT EV5TS :]E ,BU% WAS SPEAK+4 ,FREE SPEE* IS ONLY FREE AS LONG AS IT IS NOT A ?REAT & DOES NOT COME ) ! POSSIBILITY ( *ALL5G+ ! SY/EM4 ,! MO/ FRE$OM ( SPEE* ,I HAVE EV] HAD WAS 9 ! 0,SECURITY ,H\S+ ,UNIT0 7MAXIMUM-SECURITY SOLIT>Y CONF9EM5T7 9 F$]AL PRISON4 ,I C\LD YELL & %\T ALL ,I WANT$1 EV5 CUSS AT ! GU>DS1 & UNLESS ,I ?\<T UP A P>TICUL>LY CREATIVE WAY TO 9T5TIONALLY 5RAGE !M1 !Y W\LD LEAVE ME AT PEACE4 ,NO MATT]3 ! WALLS W]E ROCK SOLID & MY WORDS W]E HOT AIR4 

,! COOP]ATION ?AT IS ONLY POSSIBLE ) PEACEFUL DISSID5TS HELPS TO HUMANIZE ! POLITICIANS RESPONSIBLE = MON/R\S POLICIES4 ,AT ! MASSIVE PROTE/S AGA9/ ! #bd ,REPUBLICAN ,NATIONAL ,CONV5TION 7,R,N,C7 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY1 ,N,Y,C'S ,MAYOR ,BLOOMB]G GAVE SPECIAL BUTTONS TO NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S :O HAD PROCLAIM$ ?AT !Y W\LD BE PEACEFUL4.<#a#e.> ,BLOOMB]G GOT POLITICAL PO9TS = BE+ HIP & L5I5T1 EV5 AS HIS ADM9I/RATION CRACK$ D[N ON DISS5T DUR+ ! WEEK ( PROTE/S4 ,PACIFI/S GOT AN ADD$ P]K3 ANYONE WE>+ ! BUTTON W\LD BE GIV5 DISC\NTS AT DOZ5S ( ,BROADWAY %[S1 HOTELS1 MUSEUMS1 & RE/AURANTS 7HI<LI<T+ H[ ! PASSIVE P>ADE ( NONVIOL5CE IS TAPP$ 9TO AS A BOO/ TO ! ECONOMY & BULW>K ( ! /ATUS QUO74 ,AS ,MAYOR ,BLOOMB]G PUT IT1 0,IT'S NO FUN TO PROTE/ ON AN EMPTY /OMA*40 

,& ! ANTI-,R,N,C PROTE/S 9 ,NEW ,YORK W]E LITTLE MORE ?AN ?AT3 FUN4 ,FUN = COLLEGE /UD5TS1 ,DEMOCRATIC CANVASS]S1 & ,GRE5 ,P>TY ACTIVI/S TO WALK >\ND HOLD+ WITTY SIGNS ) LIKE-M9D$ 05LI<T5$0 PROGRESSIVES4 ,A HUGE AM\NT ( 5]GY WAS EXP5D$ WEEKS 9 ADVANCE 7BY ! 9/ITUTIONAL ,LEFT & ! POLICE7 9 ATTEMPTS TO ALI5ATE & EXCLUDE MORE MILITANT ACTIVI/S4 ,SOMEONE ) A LOT ( RES\RCES DI/RIBUT$ ?\S&S ( LEAFLETS ! WEEK5D BE=E ! CONV5TION MAK+ ! IDIOTIC CLAIM ?AT VIOL5CE -- SAY1 A RIOT -- W\LD IMPROVE ,BU%'S IMAGE 7:51 9 REALITY1 A RIOT1 ?\< IT C]TA9LY W\LD NOT HAVE HELP$ ! ,DEMOCRATS1 W\LD HAVE T>NI%$ ,BU%'S IMAGE AS A LEAD] & 0UNIT]074 ,! LEAFLET ALSO W>N$ ?AT ANYONE ADVOCAT+ CONFRONTATIONAL TACTICS WAS LIKELY A POLICE AG5T4 ,! M>* 5D$1 & PEOPLE DISP]S$ TO ! MO/ ISOLAT$1 LEA/ CONFRONTATIONAL SPOT POSSIBLE 9 A CITY FULL ( ! $IFICES ( /ATE & CAPITAL3 ,C5TRAL ,P>K'S ,GR& ,LAWN 7APPROPRIATELY1 O!R PROTE/]S FLOCK$ TO ! 0,%EEP ,MEAD[074 ,!Y DANC$ & CELEBRAT$ 9TO ! NI<T1 *ANT+ SU* ILLUM9AT+ MANTRAS AS 0,WE >E BEAUTIFUL60 

,LAT] 9 ! WEEK1 ! ,POOR ,PEOPLE'S ,M>* WAS REPEAT$LY ATTACK$ BY POLICE MAK+ T>GET$ >RE/S ( ACTIVI/S WE>+ MASKS OR REFUS+ TO BE SE>*$4 ,M>* P>TICIPANTS HAD AGRE$ TO BE NONVIOL5T BECAUSE ! M>* 9CLUD$ MANY PEOPLE1 SU* AS IMMIGRANTS & PEOPLE ( COLOR1 :OM M>* ORGANIZ]S W]E O/5SIBLY CONC]N$ AB\T AS BE+ MORE VULN]ABLE TO >RE/4 ,BUT :5 ACTIVI/S -- PEACEFULLY -- SW>M$ POLICE (FIC]S TO ATTEMPT TO DISC\RAGE ! >RE/S1 ! ACTIVI/S W]E URG$ TO IGNORE ! >RE/S & KEEP MOV+1 ) M>* 0PEACEKEEP]S0 & POLICE %\T+ ID5TICAL MESSAGES AT ! CR[D 70,MOVE ALONG60 0,/ICK TO ! M>* R\TE6074 ,OBVI\SLY1 ALL ATTEMPTS AT CONCILIATION & DE-ESCALATION FAIL$2 ! POLICE W]E EV]Y BIT AS VIOL5T AS !Y *OSE TO BE4 

,! NEXT DAY1 ,JAMAL ,HOLIDAY1 A BLACK ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY RESID5T FROM A DISADVANTAG$ BACKGR\ND1 WAS >RE/$ = ! SELF-DEF5SE 0ASSAULT0 ( A PLA9CLO!S ,N,Y,P,D DETECTIVE1 ONE ( SEV]AL :O HAD1 ) NO PROVOCATION1 DRIV5 !IR MOP$S 9TO ! PEACEFUL CR[D AT ! ,POOR ,PEOPLE'S ,M>*1 HURT+ SEV]AL PEOPLE 7& RUNN+ OV] MY FOOT74 ,?IS HAPP5$ AT ! 5D ( ! RALLY1 :51 MANY ( ! M>* P>TICIPANTS1 9CLUD+ ! SUPPOS$LY 0VULN]ABLE10 W]E QUITE UPSET ) ! M>* LEAD]S' PASSIVITY & ! CONT9U$ POLICE BRUTALITY4 ,AT ONE PO9T1 A CR[D ( PROTE/]S :O HAD JU/ BE5 ATTACK$ BY POLICE BEGAN SCREAM+ AT AN ORGANIZ] :O WAS YELL+ AT !M ?R\< A BULLHORN TO GET AWAY FROM ! POLICE 7!RE WAS NO:]E TO GO7 BECAUSE !Y W]E 0PROVOK+0 ! COPS4 ,! RESPONSE TO ,HOLIDAY'S >RE/ %[S A HYPOCRISY ?AT PRIVILEGES /ATE VIOL5CE OV] EV5 ! RI<T ( PEOPLE TO DEF5D !MSELVES4 ,! SAME PACIFI/ SEGM5TS ( ! MOVEM5T :O RAIS$ A /9K AB\T ! PEACEFUL PROTE/]S :OM POLICE >RE/$ 5 MASSE ON ,AUGU/ #ca 7A DAY RES]V$ = CIVIL DISOB$I5CE-/YLE PROTE/S7 REMA9$ SIL5T T[>D & UNSUPPORTIVE ( ,HOLIDAY :ILE HE 5DUR$ ! EXCRUCIAT+1 DRAWN-\T VIOL5CE ( ! P5AL SY/EM4 ,APP>5TLY1 = ! PACIFI/S1 PROTECT+ AN ALLEG$LY VIOL5T ACTIVI/ FROM A F> GREAT] VIOL5CE COMES TOO NE> TO BLURR+ !IR PR9CIPL$ /& AGA9/ VIOL5CE4 

,NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S GO FUR!R ?AN 5DORS+ /ATE VIOL5CE ) !IR SIL5CE3 !Y >E (T5 VOCAL 9 JU/IFY+ IT4 ,PACIFI/ ORGANIZ]S WA/E NO OPPORTUNITY TO DECL>E A BAN ON 0VIOL5CE0 )9 !IR PROTE/S1 BECAUSE SU* VIOL5CE W\LD 0JU/IFY0 REPRESSION BY ! POLICE1 :I* IS P]CEIV$ AS 9EVITABLE1 NEUTRAL1 & BEYOND REPROA*4 ,! #aiii ANTI-,W,T,O PROTE/S 9 ,SEATTLE >E A TYPICAL EXAMPLE4 ,?\< POLICE VIOL5CE 79 ?IS CASE1 ! USE ( TORTURE TACTICS AGA9/ PEACEFUL PROTE/]S BLOCKAD+ ! SUMMIT SITE7 PREC$$ ! 0VIOL5T0 PROP]TY DE/RUCTION BY ! BLACK BLOC1 EV]YONE FROM PACIFI/S TO ! CORPORATE M$IA BLAM$ ! POLICE RIOT ON ! BLACK BLOC4 ,P]HAPS ! MAJOR GRIEVANCE WAS ?AT DEC5TRALIZ$1 NON-HI]>*ICALLY ORGANIZ$ AN>*I/S /OLE ! SPOTLI<T FROM BIG-BUDGET ,N,G,OS ?AT REQUIRE AN AURA ( AU?ORITY TO KEEP RECEIV+ DONATIONS4 ,! (FICIAL CLAIM WAS ?AT ! VIOL5CE ( ! PROTE/S DEMONIZ$ ! 5TIRE MOVEM5T1 ?\< EV5 ! PRESID5T HIMSELF1 ,BILL ,CL9TON1 DECL>$ FROM ,SEATTLE ?AT A VIOL5T FR+E M9ORITY WAS SOLELY RESPONSIBLE = ! MAYHEM4.<#a#f.> ,9 FACT1 ! VIOL5CE ( ,SEATTLE 9TRIGU$ & ATTRACT$ MORE NEW PEOPLE TO ! MOVEM5T ?AN W]E ATTRACT$ BY ! TRANQUILITY ( ANY SUBSEQU5T MASS MOBILIZATION4 ,! CORPORATE M$IA DID NOT -- & NEV] WILL -- EXPLA9 ! MOTIVES ( ! ACTIVI/S1 BUT ! VIOL5CE1 ! VISIBLE MANIFE/ATION ( PASSION & FURY1 ( MILITANT COMMITM5T 9 AN O!RWISE ABSURD WORLD1 MOTIVAT$ ?\S&S TO DO ?AT RESE>* ON !IR [N4 ,?AT IS :Y ,SEATTLE IS ?\<T ( BY ! AHI/ORICAL AS ! 0BEG9N+0 OR 0BIR?0 ( ! ANTI-GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T4 

,SIMIL>LY1 AN >TICLE ADVOCAT+ NONVIOL5CE 9 ,! ,NATION COMPLA9S ?AT VIOL5CE 9 ,SEATTLE & ,G5OA 7:]E ,ITALIAN POLICE %OT & KILL$ A PROTE/]7 0CREAT$ NEGATIVE M$IA IMAGES & PROVID$ AN EXCUSE = EV5 H>%] REPRESSION40.<#a#g.> ,I WILL DIGRESS = A MOM5T H]E TO PO9T \T ?AT ! /ATE IS NOT A PASSIVE ?+4 ,IF IT WANTS TO REPRESS A MOVEM5T OR ORGANIZATION1 IT DOES NOT WAIT = AN EXCUSE1 IT MANUFACTURES ONE4 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,9DIAN ,MOVEM5T WAS NOT A VIOL5T ORGANIZATION -- ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ITS TACTICS W]E PEACEFUL -- BUT MEMB]S DID NOT RE/RICT !MSELVES TO NONVIOL5CE2 !Y PRACTIC$ >M$ SELF-DEF5SE & =CEFUL OCCUPATIONS ( GOV]NM5T BUILD+S1 (T5 ) GREAT RESULTS4 ,TO 0JU/IFY0 REPRESSION AGA9/ ,A,I,M1 ! ,F,B,I MANUFACTUR$ ! 0,DOG ,SOLDI] ,TELETYPES10 :I* W]E PASS$ (F AS ,A,I,M COMMUNIQUES DISCUSS+ ! SUPPOS$ CREATION ( T]ROR SQUADS TO ASSASS9ATE T\RI/S1 F>M]S1 & GOV]NM5T (FICIALS4.<#a#h.> ,!SE TELETYPES W]E P>T ( A G5]AL ,F,B,I DIS9=MATION CAMPAIGN 9/RUM5TAL 9 ALL[+ ! CONSEQU5CE-FREE 7= ! GOV]NM5T7 FALSE IMPRISONM5T & MURD] ( SEV]AL ,A,I,M ACTIVI/S & SUPPORT]S4 ,AB\T SU* CAMPAIGNS1 ! ,F,B,I SAYS1 0,IT IS IMMAT]IAL :E!R FACTS EXI/ TO SUB/ANTIATE ! *>GE4444.<,D.>ISRUPTION .<?R\< ! M$IA.> CAN BE ACCOMPLI%$ )\T FACTS TO BACK IT UP40.<#a#i.> ,IF1 9 ! EYES ( ! GOV]NM5T1 IT IS IMMAT]IAL :E!R AN ORGANIZATION DEEM$ A ?REAT TO ! /ATUS QUO HAS OR HAS NOT COMMITT$ A VIOL5T ACT1 :Y DO PROPON5TS ( NONVIOL5CE CONT9UE TO 9SI/ ?AT ! TRU? WILL SET !M FREE8 

,! PREVI\SLY M5TION$ ,NATION >TICLE DEM&S A /RICT1 MOVEM5T-WIDE ADH]5CE TO NONVIOL5CE1 CRITICIZ+ ANO!R PACIFI/ ORGANIZATION'S REFUSAL TO OP5LY CONDEMN ACTIVI/S :O USE A DIV]SITY ( TACTICS4 ,! AU?OR LAM5TS1 0,IT'S IMPOSSIBLE TO CONTROL ! ACTIONS ( EV]YONE :O P>TICIPATES 9 A DEMON/RATION1 ( C\RSE1 BUT MORE VIGOR\S EF=TS TO 9SURE .<SIC.> NONVIOL5CE & PREV5T DE/RUCTIVE BEHAVIOR >E POSSIBLE & NECESS>Y4 ,A #ie P]C5T COMMITM5T TO NONVIOL5CE IS NOT 5\<40 ,NO D\BT1 A 0MORE VIGOR\S0 COMMITM5T TO NONVIOL5CE MEANS ?AT ACTIVI/ LEAD]S MU/ MORE FREQU5TLY UTILIZE ! POLICE AS A =CE = PEACE 7TO >RE/ 0TR\BLEMAK]S074 ,?IS TACTIC HAS MO/ C]TA9LY BE5 APPLI$ BY PACIFI/S ALREADY4 7,9 FACT1 ! FIR/ TIME ,I EV] GOT ASSAULT$ AT A PROTE/1 IT WAS NOT BY ! POLICE BUT BY A PEACE M>%AL1 :O TRI$ TO PU% ME TO ! CURB :ILE ,I & SEV]AL O!RS W]E HOLD+ AN 9T]SECTION TO KEEP ! POLICE FROM DIVID+ ! M>* & POT5TIALLY MASS->RE/+ ! SMALL] SEGM5T4 ,NOTABLY1 MY RESI/ANCE TO ! PEACE M>%AL'S LI<T ATTEMPTS TO PU% ME BACK VISIBLY S+L$ ME \T TO ! POLICE1 :O W]E OV]SEE+ ! WORK ( !IR PROXIES1 & ,I HAD TO DUCK BACK 9TO ! CR[D TO AVOID BE+ >RE/$ OR ASSAULT$ MORE =CEFULLY47 

,CAN ANYONE IMAG9E REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVI/S DECL>+ ?AT !Y NE$ TO BE MORE VIGOR\S 9 MAK+ SURE ?AT EV]Y P>TICIPANT 9 AN EV5T HITS A COP OR ?R[S A BRICK ?R\< A W9D[8 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 MO/ AN>*I/S & O!R MILITANTS HAVE B5T OV] BACKW>DS 9 WORK+ ) PACIFI/S & 5SUR+ ?AT AT JO9T DEMON/RATIONS1 PEOPLE OPPOS$ TO CONFRONTATION1 AFRAID ( POLICE BRUTALITY1 OR ESPECIALLY VULN]ABLE TO LEGAL SANCTIONS C\LD HAVE A 0SAFE SPACE40 ,PACIFISM GOES H& 9 H& ) EF=TS TO C5TRALIZE & CONTROL ! MOVEM5T4 ,! CONCEPT IS 9H]5TLY AU?ORIT>IAN & 9COMPATIBLE ) AN>*ISM BECAUSE IT D5IES PEOPLE ! RI<T TO SELF-DET]M9ATION 9 DIRECT+ !IR [N /RUGGLES4.<#a#a.> ,! PACIFI/ RELIANCE ON C5TRALIZATION & CONTROL 7) A LEAD]%IP ?AT CAN TAKE 0VIGOR\S EF=TS0 TO 0PREV5T DE/RUCTIVE BEHAVIOR07 PRES]VES ! /ATE )9 ! MOVEM5T1 & PRES]VES HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURES TO ASSI/ /ATE NEGOTIATIONS 7& /ATE REPRESSION74 

,HI/ORY %[S ?AT IF A MOVEM5T DOES NOT HAVE A LEAD]1 ! /ATE 9V5TS ONE4 ,! /ATE VIOL5TLY ELIM9AT$ ! ANTI-HI]>*ICAL LABOR UNIONS ( ! E>LY #b? C5TURY1 :]EAS IT NEGOTIAT$ )1 ELEVAT$1 & B\<T (F ! LEAD]%IP ( ! HI]>*ICAL UNIONS4 ,COLONIAL REGIMES APPO9T$ 0*IEFS0 TO /ATELESS SOCIETIES ?AT HAD NONE1 :E!R TO IMPOSE POLITICAL CONTROL 9 ,AFRICA OR NEGOTIATE DECEPTIVE TREATIES 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4 ,ADDITIONALLY1 LEAD]LESS SOCIAL MOVEM5TS >E ESPECIALLY H>D TO REPRESS4 ,! T5D5CIES ( PACIFISM T[>D NEGOTIATION & C5TRALIZATION FACILITATE EF=TS BY ! /ATE TO MANIPULATE & CO-OPT REBELLI\S SOCIAL MOVEM5TS2 !Y ALSO MAKE IT EASI] = ! /ATE TO REPRESS A MOVEM5T1 IF IT DECIDES !RE IS A NE$ TO DO SO4 

,BUT ! PACIFI/ VISION ( SOCIAL *ANGE COMES FROM A PRIVILEG$ VANTAGE1 :]E FULL /ATE REPRESSION IS NOT A REAL FE>4 ,AN ESSAY ON /RATEGIC NONVIOL5CE ?AT CAME HI<LY RECOMM5D$ FROM SOME PACIFI/ ACQUA9TANCES 9CLUDES A DIAGRAM4 ,NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S >E ON ! LEFT1 !IR OPPON5TS1 PRESUMABLY REACTION>IES1 >E ON ! RI<T1 & UNDECID$ ?IRD P>TIES >E 9 ! MIDDLE4.<#a#a#a.> ,ALL ?REE SEGM5TS >E EQUALLY >RAY$ >\ND AN APP>5TLY NEUTRAL 0DECISION-MAK+0 AU?ORITY4 ,?IS IS AN UTT]LY NAIVE & PRIVILEG$ VIEW ( DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T1 9 :I* ALL DECISIONS >E DECID$ BY MAJORITY1 )1 AT WOR/1 A LIMIT$ VIOL5CE PRACTIC$ ONLY \T ( RECALCITRANT CONS]VATISM & RELUCTANCE TO *ANGE ! /ATUS QUO4 ,! DIAGRAM ASSUMES A SOCIETY )\T RACE & CLASS HI]>*Y2 )\T PRIVILEG$1 P[]FUL1 & VIOL5T ELITES2 )\T A CORPORATE M$IA CONTROLL$ BY ! 9T]E/S ( /ATE & CAPITAL1 READY TO MANAGE ! P]CEPTIONS ( ! CITIZ5RY4 ,SU* A SOCIETY DOES NOT EXI/ AMONG ANY ( ! 9DU/RIAL1 CAPITALI/ DEMOCRACIES4 

,)9 SU* A MODEL ( SOCIAL P[]1 REVOLUTION IS A MORALITY PLAY1 AN ADVOCACY CAMPAIGN ?AT CAN BE WON BY 0! ABILITY ( DIGNIFI$ SUFF]+ .<= EXAMPLE1 ! ANTI-SEGREGATION /UD5TS SITT+ 9 AT ':ITES ONLY' LUN* C\NT]S :ILE 5DUR+ V]BAL & PHYSICAL ATTACKS.> TO ATTRACT SYMPA?Y & POLITICAL SUPPORT40.<#a#a#b.> ,FIR/ ( ALL1 ?IS MODEL ASSUMES AN ANALYSIS ( ! /ATE ?AT IS REM>KABLY  *>ITABLE & REM>KABLY SIMIL> TO H[ ! /ATE MI<T DESCRIBE ITSELF 9 PUBLIC-S*OOL CIVICS TEXTBOOKS4 ,9 ?IS ANALYSIS1 GOV]NM5T IS A NEUTRAL & PASSIVE DECISION-MAK+ AU?ORITY ?AT RESPONDS TO PUBLIC PRESSURES4 ,IT IS AT BE/ FAIR & AT WOR/ BESET BY A CULTURE ( CONS]VATISM & IGNORANCE4 ,BUT IT IS NOT /RUCTURALLY OPPRESSIVE4 ,SECOND1 ?IS MODEL PUTS PACIFI/S 9 ! POSITION ( PRESSUR+ & NEGOTIAT+ ) A DECISION-MAK+ AU?ORITY ?AT1 9 REALITY1 IS CONSCI\SLY B\ND BY SELF-9T]E/1 WILL+ TO BREAK ANY 9CONV5I5T LAW IT MAY HAVE SET D[N1 & /RUCTURALLY 9TEGRAT$ ) & DEP5D5T ON ! SY/EMS ( P[] & 
OPPRESSION ?AT GALVANIZ$ ! SOCIAL MOVEM5T 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 

,MOD]N GOV]NM5TS1 :I* HAVE LONG /UDI$ ME?ODS ( SOCIAL CONTROL1 NO LONG] VIEW PEACE AS ! DEFAULT SOCIAL CONDITION1 9T]RUPT$ ONLY BY \TSIDE AGITATORS4 ,N[ !Y UND]/& ?AT ! NATURAL CONDITION ( ! WORLD 7! WORLD !Y HAVE CREAT$1 ,I %\LD $ITORIALIZE7 IS CONFLICT3 REBELLION TO !IR RULE IS 9EVITABLE & CONT9U\S4.<#a#a#c.> ,/ATECRAFT HAS BECOME ! >T ( MANAG+ CONFLICT1 P]MAN5TLY4 ,AS LONG AS REBELS CONT9UE TO C>RY OLIVE BRAN*ES & A NAIVE VIEW ( ! /RUGGLE1 ! /ATE KN[S ?AT IT IS SAFE4 ,BUT ! SAME GOV]NM5TS :OSE REPRES5TATIVES HOLD POLITE TALKS ) OR RUDELY DISMISS CONSCI5TI\S HUNG] /RIK]S ALSO CON/ANTLY SPY ON ! RESI/ANCE & TRA9 AG5TS 9 C\NT]9SURG5CY -- W>F>E TE*NIQUES DRAWN FROM W>S ( EXT]M9ATION WAG$ TO SUBDUE REBELLI\S COLONIES FROM ,IREL& TO ,ALG]IA4 ,! /ATE IS PREP>$ TO USE ?OSE ME?ODS AGA9/ US4 

,EV5 :5 ! GOV]NM5T /OPS %ORT ( EXT]M9ATORY =MS ( REPRESSION1 DIGNIFI$ SUFF]+ SIMPLY /OPS BE+ FUN1 & PACIFI/S :O HAVE NOT FULLY D$ICAT$ !IR FUTURES TO REVOLUTION BY DECL>+ W> ON ! /ATUS QUO LOSE ! CL>ITY ( CONVICTION 7MAYBE !Y SOMEH[ DID SOME?+ TO 0DES]VE0 OR 0PROVOKE0 ! REPRESSION87 & DROP \T4 ,CONSID] ! #aiii ,SEATTLE PROTE/ & ! SUCCESSIVE MASS MOBILIZATIONS ( ! ANTI-GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T3 ACTIVI/S 9 ,SEATTLE W]E BRUTALIZ$1 BUT !Y TOOK IT ON !IR FEET1 FI<T+ BACK1 & MANY W]E EMP[]$ BY ! EXP]I5CE4 ,! SAME GOES = ! ,QUEBEC ,CITY DEMON/RATIONS AGA9/ ! ,FREE ,TRADE ,>EA ( ,AM]ICAS 7,F,T,A,A74 ,AT ! O!R 5D1 POLICE REPRESSION AT ! #bc ANTI-,F,T,A,A PROTE/S 9 ,MIAMI WAS :OLLY UNDES]V$ EV5 BY LEGALI/IC /&>DS4.<#a#a#d.> ,PROTE/]S W]E NOT EMP[]$ OR DIGNIFI$ BY ! ONE-SID$ VIOL5CE -- !Y W]E BRUTALIZ$1 & MANY PEOPLE W]E SC>$ AWAY FROM FUR!R P>TICIPATION1 9CLUD+ ACTIVI/S :O W]E SEXUALLY ASSAULT$ BY POLICE :ILE LOCK$ UP4 ,9 ! EV5 MORE PASSIVE PROTE/S 9 ,WA%+TON1 ,D,C -- ! YE>LY DEMON/RATIONS AGA9/ ! ,WORLD ,BANK1 = 9/ANCE -- NONVIOL5T RESI/ANCE1 CONSI/+ ( ! OCCASIONAL OR*E/RAT$ LOCKD[N1 >RE/1 IMPRISONM5T1 & RELEASE1 W]E NOT EMP[]+ SO MU* AS T$I\S & M>K$ BY DW9DL+ NUMB]S4 ,!Y W]E C]TA9LY NOT SUCCESSFUL 9 W9N+ M$IA ATT5TION OR 9FLU5C+ PEOPLE ) ! SPECTACLE ( DIGNIFI$ SUFF]+1 ?\< 9 EV]Y CASE ! CRIT]IA US$ BY ! PACIFI/ ORGANIZ]S TO ASC]TA9 VICTORY WAS A COMB9ATION ( NO?+ MORE ?AN ! NUMB]S ( P>TICIPANTS & ! ABS5CE ( VIOL5T CONFRONTATION ) AU?ORITIES OR PROP]TY4 

,9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS1 ! /ATE CAN USE NONVIOL5CE TO DEFEAT EV5 A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ?AT HAS O!RWISE BECOME P[]FUL 5\< TO SUCCE$4 ,9 ,ALBANIA 9 #a#i#i#g1 GOV]NM5T CORRUPTION & ECONOMIC COLLAPSE CAUS$ A L>GE NUMB] ( FAMILIES TO LOSE ALL !IR SAV+S4 ,9 RESPONSE1 ! 0,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY CALL$ A DEMON/RATION 9 ! CAPITAL HOP+ TO MAKE ITSELF ! LEAD] ( A PEACEFUL PROTE/ MOVEM5T40.<#a#a#e.> ,BUT ! RESI/ANCE SPREAD F> BEYOND ! CONTROL ( ANY POLITICAL P>TY4 ,PEOPLE BEGAN >M+ !MSELVES2 BURN+ OR BOMB+ BANKS1 POLICE /ATIONS1 GOV]NM5T BUILD+S1 & (FICES ( ! SECRET S]VICE2 & LIB]AT+ PRISONS4 0,MU* ( ! MILIT>Y DES]T$1 EI!R JO9+ ! 9SURG5TS OR FLEE+ TO ,GREECE40 ,! ,ALBANIAN PEOPLE W]E POIS$ TO OV]?R[ ! SY/EM ?AT WAS OPPRESS+ !M1 :I* W\LD GIVE !M A *ANCE TO CREATE NEW SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS = !MSELVES4 0,BY MID-,M>*1 ! GOV]NM5T1 9CLUD+ ! SECRET POLICE1 WAS =C$ TO FLEE ! CAPITAL40 ,SOON AFT]1 SEV]AL ?\S& ,EUROPEAN ,UNION TROOPS OCCUPI$ ,ALBANIA TO RE/ORE C5TRAL AU?ORITY4 ,! OPPOSITION P>TIES1 :I* ALL ALONG HAD BE5 NEGOTIAT+ ) ! GOV]NM5T TO F9D A SET ( CONDITIONS TO 9DUCE ! REBELS TO DIS>M & CONV9CE ! RUL+ P>TY TO /EP D[N 7SO !Y C\LD /EP UP71 W]E 9/RUM5TAL 9 ALL[+ ! OCCUPATION TO PACIFY ! REBELS1 CONDUCT ELECTIONS1 & RE9/ITUTE ! /ATE4 

,SIMIL>LY1 ,FRANTZ ,FANON DESCRIBES OPPOSITION P>TIES ?AT D5\NC$ VIOL5T REBELLION 9 ! COLONIES \T ( A DESIRE TO CONTROL ! MOVEM5T4 0,AFT] ! FIR/ SKIRMI%ES1 ! (FICIAL LEAD]S SPE$ILY DISPOSE ( MILITANT ACTION1 :I* !Y 0LABEL AS *ILDI%NESS40 ,!N1 0! REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS :I* SUBSCRIBE TO !M WILL RAPIDLY BE ISOLAT$4 ,! (FICIAL LEAD]S1 DRAP$ 9 !IR YE>S ( EXP]I5CE1 WILL PITILESSLY DIS[N !SE 'ADV5TUR]S & AN>*I/S4'0 ,AS ,FANON EXPLA9S1 REG>D+ ,ALG]IA1 9 P>TICUL>1 & ANTI-COLONIAL /RUGGLES1 9 G5]AL1 0,! P>TY MA*9E %[S ITSELF OPPOS$ TO ANY 9NOVATION10 & ! LEAD]S 0>E T]RIFI$ & WORRI$ BY ! IDEA ?AT !Y C\LD BE SWEPT AWAY BY A MAEL/ROM :OSE NATURE1 =CE1 OR DIRECTION !Y CANNOT EV5 IMAG9E40.<#a#a#f.> ,?\< !SE OPPOSITIONAL POLITICAL LEAD]S1 :E!R 9 ,ALBANIA1 ,ALG]IA1 OR ELSE:]E1 G5]ALLY DO NOT ID5TIFY AS PACIFI/S1 IT IS 9T]E/+ TO NOTE H[ !Y PLAY A SIMIL> ROLE4 ,= !IR P>T1 G5U9E PACIFI/S >E MORE LIKELY TO ACCEPT ! DECEPTIVE OLIVE BRAN*ES ( PACIFY+ POLITICIANS ?AN (F]S ( SOLID>ITY FROM >M$ REVOLUTION>IES4 ,! /&>D ALLIANCE & FRAT]NIZ+ BETWE5 PACIFI/S & PROGRESSIVE POLITICAL LEAD]S 7:O C\NSEL MOD]ATION7 S]VE TO FRACTURE & CONTROL REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS4 ,IT IS 9 ! ABS5CE ( SIGNIFICANT PACIFI/ P5ETRATION 9TO POPUL> MOVEM5TS ?AT POLITICAL LEAD]S FAIL TO CONTROL ?OSE MOVEM5TS & >E REJECT$ & AMPUTAT$ AS ELITI/ LEE*ES4 ,IT IS :5 NONVIOL5CE IS TOL]AT$ BY POPUL> MOVEM5TS ?AT !SE MOVEM5TS >E HAM/RUNG4 

,9 ! 5D1 NONVIOL5T ACTIVI/S RELY ON ! VIOL5CE ( ! /ATE TO PROTECT !IR GA9S1 & !Y DO NOT RESI/ ! VIOL5CE ( ! /ATE :5 IT IS US$ AGA9/ MILITANTS 79 FACT1 !Y (T5 5C\RAGE IT74 ,!Y NEGOTIATE & COOP]ATE ) >M$ POLICE AT !IR DEMON/RATIONS4 ,&1 ?\< PACIFI/S HONOR !IR 0PRISON]S ( CONSCI5CE10 9 MY EXP]I5CE1 !Y T5D TO IGNORE ! VIOL5CE ( ! PRISON SY/EM 9 CASES :]E ! PRISON] COMMITT$ AN ACT ( VIOL5T RESI/ANCE OR EV5 V&ALISM 7NOT TO M5TION AN APOLITICAL CRIME74 ,:5 ,I WAS S]V+ A SIX-MON? PRISON S5T5CE = AN ACT ( CIVIL DISOB$I5CE1 PACIFI/S ACROSS ! C\NTRY FLOOD$ ME ) SUPPORT4 ,BUT1 ON ! :OLE1 !Y %[ A LACK ( CONC]N = ! 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ VIOL5CE 5CAG+ ! #b4#b MILLION CASUALTIES ( ! GOV]NM5T'S ,W> ON ,CRIME4 ,IT SEEMS ?AT ! ONLY =M ( VIOL5CE !Y CONSI/5TLY OPPOSE IS REBELLION AGA9/ ! /ATE4 

,! PEACE SIGN ITSELF IS ! P]FECT METAPHOR = ?IS FUNCTION4 ,9/EAD ( RAIS+ A FI/1 PACIFI/S RAISE !IR 9DEX & MIDDLE F+]S TO =M A ,V4 ,?AT ,V /&S = VICTORY & IS ! SYMBOL ( PATRIOTS EXULT+ 9 ! PEACE ?AT FOLL[S A TRIUMPHANT W>4 ,9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS1 ! PEACE ?AT PACIFI/S DEF5D IS ?AT ( ! VANQUI%+ >MY1 ! UNOPPOS$ /ATE ?AT HAS CONQU]$ ALL RESI/ANCE & MONOPOLIZ$ VIOL5CE TO SU* AN EXT5T ?AT VIOL5CE NE$ NO LONG] BE VISIBLE4 ,IT IS A ,PAX ,AM]ICANA4 

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