,*APT] #bb 
,COMMUNISM & ,P&ORA'S ,BOX2 ,A ,REBEL ,SPIRIT2 #aihd & ,ALL ,?AT 

#aiifaiif 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALB]T ,MELTZ] 

,AU?OR 3 ,/U>T ,*RI/IE 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] ,X,X,I,I 
,COMMUNISM & ,P&ORA'S ,BOX2 ,A ,REBEL ,SPIRIT2 

#aihd & ,ALL ,?AT 

,COMMUNISM & ,P&ORA'S ,BOX 

,= YE>S ,I WAS S>CA/IC AB\T E>NE/ ,COMMUNI/S :O TOOK TRIPS TO ,RUSSIA & SAW :AT !Y WANT$ TO SEE4 ,A PR9T]1 ,TOM ,*>LESWOR? 7NEPHEW ( ,F]D1 AN OLD ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IAN COMMUNI/ ) :OM ,I HAD FRI5DLY >GUM5TS = YE>S7 WAS P]SUAD$ BY HIS GIRL FRI5D1 A ,Y,C,L /ALW>T1 TO JO9 A T\R TO ,MOSC[ & ,L5+RAD4 ,!RE W]E FIVE PLACES VACANT AT CUT PRICES & HE RA%LY 9VIT$ SEV]AL WORKMATES TO JO9 HIM4 ,! LADS HAD A SEEM+LY PR(ITABLE TIME FLOGG+ NYLONS 7IT WAS BE=E ! JEANS REVOLUTION7 BUT F\ND !Y C\LD DO NO?+ :ATEV] ) ! AMASS$ RUBLES EXCEPT SP5D !M ON DR9K & PRO/ITUTES4 ,TOM WAS ) HIS FIANCEE & PRECLUD$ FROM !SE DIV]SIONS1 & HE ALSO D5I$ ON IDEOLOGICAL GR\NDS !RE C\LD BE SU* A ?+ AS PRO/ITUTION 9 ! ,L& ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,ECONOMIC NECESSITY NO LONG] DROVE GIRLS ON ! /REETS1 HE EXPLA9$ TO HIS SNIGG]+ FRI5DS1 & !SE WOM5 MU/ BE PR9CESSES BR\<T UP UND] ! OLD REGIME & UNACCU/OM$ TO NORMAL WORK4 ,A BUR/ ( LAU<T] GREET$ ?IS 9=MATION4 ,IT WAS =TY YE>S S9CE ! ,CZ> HAD FALL5 & ! LADIES 9 QUE/ION1 H[EV] B$RAGGL$1 W]E B>ELY TW5TY YE>S OLD4  

,SOME YE>S LAT] ! ,*>LESWOR?S1 N[ M>RI$ & 9 ! ,P>TY1 TOOK A TRIP TO ,RUSSIA BY C>4 ,!Y W]E E>N+ GOOD MONEY & %E SPOKE ,RUSSIAN4 ,!Y W]E DISCONC]T$ :5 EV]YONE ASSUM$ !Y W]E CAPITALI/S4 ,AS IF A WORK+ PR9T] C\LD AF=D A C>6 0,Y\'LL TELL ME NEXT ?AT ! ,BLACK WORK]S DRIVE >\ND ,BRIXTON 9 C>S01 SAID AN 9CR$UL\S LOCAL1 :OSE KN[L$GE ( ,5GL& CAME FROM AN AMALGAM ( ,DICK5S & ! ,DAILY ,WORK]4 

,!IR SON ,FRANK1 LIKE MANY ANO!R1 TURN$ HIS BACK ON ! FAI? ( HIS P>5TS4 ,I HAD HOPES HE W\LD BECOME AN AN>*I/4 ,EV5 HIS FA!R WAV]$ 9 HIS ,/AL9ISM AFT] ?AT TRIP ?\< HIS MO!R REMA9$ FAI?FUL TO ! 5D4 ,JOHN ,LAWR5CE1 ! LOCAL ,C,P GURU EV5 AFT] HE JO9$ ! ,LABOR ,P>TY1 BECAME ,MAYOR & HOI/$ ! R$ FLAG ON ! ,T[N ,HALL ONE ,MAY ,DAY1 DEFECT$ AGA9 TO BECOME FIR/ A ,TROTSKYI/ & !N A ,TOL/OYAN 0,*RI/IAN ,AN>*I/0 & AN $ITOR ( ,FRE$OM4 ,HE TOOK ,TOM AWAY FROM ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,EQUALLY H[EV] HE PUT ,FRANK (F AN>*ISM1 TO :I* HE WAS 9CL9$1 BECAUSE ( ! ASSSUMPTION ?AT ,LAWR5CE WAS A REAL AN>*I/4 

,I ALWAYS ?\<T IT UNLIKELY ,I W\LD EV] GO TO ,RUSSIA ) ! VAGUE IDEA MANY HAD ?AT IT W\LD BE A *>NEL H\SE & UND] JACKBOOT DOM9ATION4 ,?IS IMAGE WAS FAD+ AFT] ,/AL9 DI$ ?\< NOBODY SAW :]E ! TRANSITION FROM DICTATOR%IP W\LD LEAD4 ,I TOO ASSUM$ Y\ C\LD 0ONLY SEE :AT !Y WANT Y\ TO SEE0 AS IF ! 0,WE/0 HELD CONDUCT$ T\RS R\ND ITS PRISON & M5TAL 9/ITUTIONS4 

,I F9ALLY TOOK A SUDD5 PLUNGE ONE ,JANU>Y 7) [$ LEAVE FROM ,*RI/MAS71 NOT)/&+ ,TOM'S 9SI/5CE ,I TOO 0W\LD SEE :AT ,I WANT$ TO SEE0 BUT 9 MY CASE ALL BAD1 & TOOK A PACKAGE T\R TO ,MOSC[ & ,L5+RAD4 ,I F\ND ?AT :ILE1 AS 9 ! DAYS ( ! ,CZ>1 ONE C\LD ONLY VISIT CITIES :I* ! POLICE AGRE$ ON 9 ADVANCE1 ONE C\LD GO ANY:]E )9 ?OSE CITIES & SEE ANY?+4 ,! IDEA ?AT ,RUSSIA WAS A CLASSLESS SOCIETY WAS SO ABSURD ?AT ,I WI%$ O!RS W\LD TAKE ! TRIP TOO1 & ONE W\LD NOT HAVE HE>D AB\T ! WORK+ CLASS HAV+ TAK5 P[]4 ,OR P]HAPS NOT4 ,!Y MI<T NOT HAVE NOTIC$ ! SM>T PEOPLE 9 FA%IONABLE FURS M>*+ PURPOSEFULLY TO !IR C>S TO TAKE !M TO !IR WEEK5D DA*AS CONTRA/$ ) ! DISPIRIT$ WORK]S QUEU+ = ! /ORE OR WORK+ ALL H\RS4  

,AS ! TRIP 9CLUD$ SEV]AL EXCURSIONS1 ,I VISIT$ ,L5+RAD ,UNIV]SITY & ! VISE-*ANCELLOR GAVE US A PROPAG&A LECTURE AB\T ! ,RUSSIAN $UCATION SY/EM4 ,HE PO9T$ \T ?AT !Y HAD 7SO F>7 NO DRUGS PROBLEM NOR Y\? DEL9QU5CY1 ?\< HE AGRE$ IT MI<T HAPP5 9 ! FUTURE4 ,IT WAS1 TO HIM1 UN?9KABLE ?AT !RE %\LD BE SU* PROBLEMS 9 A ,UNIV]SITY4 ,/UD5TS 9 ,RUSSIA W]E NOT LIKE ?OSE 9 TURBUL5T ,P>IS1 !Y KNEW !Y W]E A PRIVILEG$ CLASS & ?AT :5 !Y PASS$ 9TO SOCIETY !Y HAD TOP JOBS = LIFE & BETT] CONDITIONS ?AN ! AV]AGE4 ,:Y ON E>? W\LD !Y WANT TO MAKE TR\BLE = !MSELVES8 ,9 ANY CASE ! AU?ORITIES KNEW H[ TO DEAL ) TR\BLE-MAK]S4 ,! 0TRADE UNION0 REPRES5TATIVE AT ! S*OOL W\LD BE 9=M$ IF ! PUPIL WAS MISBEHAV+ & HIS P>5TS W\LD BE 9T]VIEW$4 ,IF NECESS>Y ! MO!R W\LD LOSE H] JOB & BE TOLD TO /AY HOME & LOOK AFT] H] *ILDR54 ,! FA!R MI<T HAVE HIS WAGES CUT1 TO BE REM9D$ ( HIS RESPONSIBILITIES4 ,ALL ! AUDI5CE B> ME W]E ,BRITI% SOCIAL WORK]S & TEA*]S & NODD$ APPROV+LY4  

,I HAD ! OPPORTUNITY ( MILD REV5GE ON TWO ,COMMUNI/S FROM ,MAN*E/] 9 ! GR\P1 WELL-MEAN+ ELD]LY LADY TEA*]S4 ,BACK AT ! HOTEL !Y TOLD US WE %\LD ALL SUBSCRIBE TO A WREA? TO LAY ON ! ,L5+RAD MONUM5T 0TO ! H]OIC SOLDI]S :O DI$ FI<T+ FASCISM01 ACCOMPANI$ BY A PICTURE ( ,K>L ,M>X'S TOMB AT ,HI<GATE :I* !Y HAD BR\<T ) !M ESPECIALLY4 ,:5 !Y ASK$ ME1 ,I SAID ,I W\LD AGREE IF !Y W\LD ADD TO ! DESCRIPTION 0& ?OSE H]OIC SAILORS AT ,KRON/ADT :O DI$ FI<T+ TYRANNY04 ,?9K+ ( ME AS PROBABLY NO?+ MORE S9I/] ?AN AN OLD SALT1 & NOT HAV+ HE>D ( ONE ( ! LA/ /&S AGA9/ ,SOVIET DICTATOR%IP1 !Y AGRE$ EAG]LY4 ,!Y W5T TO ! ,RUSSIAN GUIDE1 :O KNEW ALL AB\T ,KRON/ADT1 = A TRANSLATION4 ,I WAS NEV] ASK$ AGA9 & GOT BLACK LOOKS FROM !M EV] AFT]4 ,!Y REM>K$ L\DLY AB\T \R FAIRLY PASSABLE HOTEL H[ WOND]FUL IT ALL WAS4 0,& TO ?9K H[ ?+S W]E BE=E ! ,REVOLUTION6 ,IF ONLY SOME ( ! C>P]S C\LD SEE IT60 ONE SAID1 & ! O!R ANSW]$1 GL>+ AT ME 9 A MANN] ?AT MU/ HAVE BR\<T AL>M TO H] 9FANT PUPILS1 0,SOME FOLKS WILL NEV] BELIEVE ANY?+1 EV5 :5 !Y SEE IT40 0,OH1 WELL1 ,TROTSKYI/S60 SNIFF$ ! O!R1 ?\< ,TROTSKY1 NOT ,/AL91 WAS ! DESPOTIC SUPPPRESSOR ( ! ,KRON/ADT MUT9Y4 

,I WAS ABLE TO P]SUADE ! GUIDE :O TOOK US TO SEE ! =TRESS ( ,SA9TS ,PET] & ,PAUL1 TO PO9T \T :]E ! ANTI-,CZ>I/ REVOLUTIONI/S W]E DETA9$ & W]E DULY HONOR$1 SAVE = ?OSE :O LIV$ LONG 5\< TO *ALL5GE ! ,L59I/ ,/ATE4 ,! GUIDE KNEW AB\T ,BAKUN91 BUT HIS CELL HAD BE5 WIP$ AWAY 9 AN 9UNDATION FROM ! ,NEVA4 ,%E %[$ ME ,KROPOTK9'S UNM>K$ & UNHONOR$ CELL1 H[EV]1 CLAIM+ HE C\LD NOT HAVE ESCAP$ 9 ! MANN] HE DESCRIBES 9 HIS MEMOIRS4 ,H] V]SION WAS ?AT AS ,CZ>ISM WAS /ILL >\ND HE PROBABLY 9V5T$ AN UNLIKELY /ORY TO ?R[ ! ,CZ>I/ POLICE'S SUSPICION AWAY FROM HIS FRI5DS4 

,:5 ,KROPOTK9 RETURN$ TO ,RUSSIA ! ,SOVIETS HAD RE-NAM$ A SQU>E 9 HIS HONOR4 ,I W5T = A W9TRY SWIM 9 ! OP5-AIR BA?S AT ,KROPOTK9 ,SQU>E 9 HIS MEMORY4 ,!Y W]E DELI<TFULLY W>M$1 ?\< IF ONE /RAY$ OV] A N>R[ M>G9 >\ND ! POOL ONE WAS 9 GRAVE DANG] ( LOS+ ONE'S VIRILITY4 

,I DISCOV]$ BY DEVI\S MEANS SOME ELD]LY AN>*I/S :O SPOKE ,G]MAN4 ,:5 ,I COMM5T$ ON ! FACT ?AT ,KROPOTK9'S SQU>E HAD SURVIV$ HIS 9FLU5CE1 !Y ASSUR$ ME ?AT !RE W]E /ILL PEOPLE :O PRES]V$ AN>*I/ MEMORIES 9 SECRET1 & !RE HAD BE5 LOCAL /RIKES & 9SURRECTIONS EV5 9 ! ,TW5TIES & ,?IRTIES1 ! BRUTAL SUPPRESSION NOT)/&+4 ,!Y TOOK ME TO A RAILWAY WORK]S' CLUB :]E SEV]AL OLD] WORK]S W]E SURVIVORS ( ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T & W\LD =M 9DEP5D5T TRADE UNIONS ! MOM5T IT WAS REMOTELY POSSIBLE4 ,UN=TUNATELY ! LANGUAGE B>RI] PREV5T$ \R DISCUSS+ ?IS1 AS MY HO/S W]E NOT GOOD AT 9T]PRET+1 & ,I WAS 9CL9$ TO BE SKEPTICAL1 KN[+ ?AT OPTIMISM IS 9EVITABLY ! LA/ HOPE ( ! DEFEAT$4 

,A FEW YE>S LAT] ! :OLE COMMUNI/ SY/EM FELL & ALL DISS5T CAME \T 9TO ! OP5 9 A RU%1 AS IF A ,P&ORA'S BOX HAD BE5 OP5$4 ,ONE OR TWO ( ?OSE ,RUSSIAN AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S1 AS REPRES5TATIVE ( A NOT 9CONSID]ABLE MOVEM5T1 W]E BE+ GIV5 A FAIR HE>+ ON !IR LOCAL ,T,V :I*1 ?\< ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY ALSO COLLAPS$ A FEW MON?S AFT]W>DS1 WE H]E HAVE /ILL TO A*IEVE4 

,! BREAKUP ( ! ,SOVIET SY/EM CAME AS NO SURPRISE TO ?OSE :O HAD NO ILLUSIONS AB\T ,/ATE ,COMMUNISM4 ,:AT PUZZL$ ! J\RNALI/S & PR(ESSORS WAS CRY/AL CLE> TO MANY :O HAD RECEIV$ NO ,LONDON ,S*OOL ( ,ECONOMICS BRA9WA%+1 BUT US$ !IR COMMON-S5SE4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,E/ABLI%M5T UND] BO? ,L59 & ,/AL9 PAID ! SAME ATT5TION TO PROLET>IAN VALUES AS ! ,*RI/IAN WORLD DID TO ! TEA*+S ( ,JESUS ON HUMILITY1 POV]TY & NONRESI/ANCE4 ,IT PLAC$ !M ON A P$E/AL & LEFT !M !RE4 ,:AT REIGN$ 9 ,RUSSIA WAS NOT CAPITALISM1 NOR COMMUNISM BUT ! ,/ATE 9 CONTROL ( EV]Y?+4 

,SOME DISSID5T ,COMMUNI/S 9TRODUC$ AS AN ALIBI A FICTION ?AT ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM EXI/$ 9 ,RUSSIA BUT ALL ?AT OPPRESSES IS NOT CAPITALISM4 ,! P>TY TRI$ TO IMPOSE ,/ATE ,COMMUNISM BUT F\ND IT IMPOSSIBLE TO 5=CE4 ,! REALITY WAS ,P>TY ,CZ>ISM4 

,C5TRALIZATION ( RULE BY ONE MAN WAS REPLAC$ BY ?AT ( ONE ,P>TY1 & EV5TUALLY UND] ,/AL9 BY ONE MAN AGA94 ,TO HAVE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY = ! MANIFE/ PROBLEMS ( ONE ,CITY W\LD DRIVE A P]SON \T ( HIS WITS4 ,MANY POLITICIANS 9 C\NTRIES :]E P[] IS %>$ BY MANY BECOME CL9ICALLY 9SANE4 ,TO TAKE RESPONSIBILITY = ! MANIFOLD PROBLEMS ( PEACE & W> ( ONE T9Y ,/ATE1 LET ALONE A VA/ EMPIRE1 W\LD MAKE A P]SON A RAV+ GIBB]+ CRIM9AL LUNATIC4 ,?IS IS :AT HAPP5$ TO ,/AL9 & ,HITL]4 & W\LD HAVE HAPP5$ TO ,L59 HAD HE NOT BE5 /OPP$ %ORT 9 TIME4 
,?R\<\T ! YE>S ( ,/AL9ISM !RE WAS AN AN>*I/ RESI/ANCE1 MO/ NOTABLY 9 ,BULG>IA1 BUT ON A SCALE IMPOSSIBLE TO DEF9E )9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA ITSELF4 ,LANGUAGE ALWAYS PRES5T$ A PROBLEM1 BUT MO/ OB/ACLE TO 9T]NATIONAL COOP]ATION W]E CAUS$ BY ,9T]POL4 ,! 0,WE/0 MAY HAVE BE5 OPPOS$ TO COMMUNI/ TYRANNY ALL ?OSE YE>S BUT IT WAS VIGOR\SLY COMMITT$ TO SU/A9+ IT ALL ! SAME4 ,P]HAPS ,9T]POL PREF]R$ ! DEVIL IT KNEW1 BUT IT MU/ TAKE ! CR$IT = PREV5T+ SUBV]SION )9 ! ,RUSSIAN & ,*9ESE BLOCS4 ,!Y PREF]R$ 0COLD01 OP5 OR EV5 NUCLE> W> TO ANY REVOLUTION ?AT MI<T >ISE FROM BEL[1 :ATEV] ! POLITICIANS SAID4 

,I WAS 9 T\* = YE>S ) ,*9ESE AN>*I/S1 UNTIL ! OLD G5]ATION1 OR AT LEA/ MY CONTACTS )9 IT1 DI$ \T4 ,9 DO+ SO ,I 5C\NT]$ MORE ESPIONAGE 9T]F]5CE ?AN ,I DID ) CONTACTS 9 FASCI/ ,SPA91 YET ! ,GOV]NM5T ?R\<\T WAS SUPPOS$ TO BE HO/ILE TO ,*9ESE ,COMMUNISM MO/ ( ALL4 ,SPECIAL ,BRAN* W]E ALWAYS CONC]N$ ?AT ,I 9 MY T9Y WAY C\LD BE PLOTT+ ! OV]?R[ ( ! P[]FUL ,*9ESE ,/ATE1 YET ,*9A 9 TURN ?\<T ANYONE GIV+ COM=T TO REVOLUTION>IES MU/ BE BACK$ BY =EIGN ,9TELLIG5CE4 

,SO F> AS ,BULG>IANS W]E CONC]N$1 !Y W]E ALWAYS 9 T\* ) ! 9T]NATIONAL MOVEM5T ?R\< ! EXILE MOVEM5T 9 ,AU/RALIA BUT HAD !IR PROBLEMS ) ! ,AU/RALIAN POLICE TOO1 JU/ AS !Y DID ) ,SOVIET ESPIONAGE4 ,I HAD FLEET+ CONTACTS ) ! ,RUSSIAN MOVEM5T ?R\<\T ! PO/W> P]IOD4 ,SPECIAL ,BRAN* WAS ALWAYS KE5 TO 9T]CEPT ANY NEWS ON RESI/ANCE )9 ,RUSSIA1 ?\< ONE MI<T HAVE ?\<T !Y W\LD APPROVE ( IT 9 RETURN = ,COMMUNI/ SUBV]SION H]E1 IF ONLY AS TIT-=-TAT4 ,IT DIDN'T WORK \T ?AT WAY4 ,!RE MAY HAVE BE5 A ,COLD ,W> BUT ALWAYS & 9 EV]Y WAY ! 0,WE/0 PREV5T$ ANY =M ( ASSI/ANCE OR 5C\RAGEM5T REA*+ ! ,RUSSIAN OPPOSITIONAL WORK]S ?AT MI<T 5ABLE 9 EV5 A SMALL WAY TOP OV]?R[ ! REGIME4 ,:AT !Y LIK$ W]E GR\P+S DEM&+ FRE$OM ( RELIGION OR NATIONALI/ GR\P+S ASK+ = AUTONOMY OR M9ORITY RI<TS )9 ! ,SOVIET BLOC4 ,BUT !Y DID NOT LIKE ANYONE WANT+ TO OV]?R[ ! TYRANNY AGA9/ :I* !Y 9VEI<$ 5DLESSLY1 EV5 CAPITALI/ GR\P+S4  

,AT ! V]Y TIME !Y SEEM$ TO BE GE>+ UP = W> ) ,RUSSIA1 9 ! COLD W> P]IOD1 ,I HAD A VISIT FROM ! POLICE 9QUIR+ AB\T A 0,MAKHNOVI/ ,SABOTEUR0 GR\P+ 9 ! S\? ( ,RUSSIA1 :I*1 IF IT EXI/$1 ,I W\LD HAVE ?\<T H9D]$ ! !N PROSPECTIVE 5EMY4 ,I DID NOT EV5 KN[ IT EXI/$ BUT WAS W>N$ NOT TO HELP IT4 ,*ANCE W\LD HAVE BE5 A F9E ?+6 ,I D\BT IF !Y W]E M]ELY PLAY+ ! ANTI-,BOL%EVIK GAME 9 A SPORT+ FA%ION4  

,IT DID NOT SURPRISE ME TOO MU* :5 GLASNO/ REVEAL$ ?AT ! AN>*I/S W]E !RE ALL ALONG1 ?AT GREAT PRISON CAMP MUT9IES 9 ! ,/AL9 YE>S BY LIB]T>IAN POLITICAL PRISON]S HAD NOT BE5 REPORT$1 ?AT AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ORGANIZATION WAS SPR++ UP 9 EV]Y BIG CITY 9 A WAVE ( /RIKE ACTIONS2 ?AT !Y />T$ TO DECL>E !MSELVES OP5LY 9 ! ,R$ ,>MY2 &1 S9CE IT WAS LESS HI]>*IC ?AN \RS1 W]E EV5 AMONG ! (FIC]S4 ,! OP5+ ( ! ,/ATE & ,K,G,B >*IVES 9 PO/-,SOVIET ,RUSSIA MAY YET MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO DOCUM5T ! 'LO/ YE>S' ( ,RUSSIAN AN>*ISM4 ,SOME 9DICATION ( ! SCOPE & CONT9UITY ( UND]GR\ND ACITIVITY 9 ! ,U,S,S,R BETWE5 #aiba & #aihi IS GIV5 BY ,PHIL ,RUFF 9 HIS 9TRODUCTION TO AN AN?OLOGY ( WRIT+S BY OR AB\T ! REEM]G5CE ( AN>*O-SYNDICALISM 7,AN>*Y 9 ! ,U,S,S,R3 ,A ,NEW ,BEG9N+1 ,A,S,P ,LONDON #a#i#i#a74  

,N[ ?AT ! :OLE ,RUSSIAN SC5E IS OP5+ UP AGA91 !RE >E FEW WAYS ,I P]SONALLY CAN HELP4 ,BUT IT IS A CONSOLATION TO LOOK BACK & REALIZE ?AT ,I AM ONE ( ! M9ORITY ( MY G5]ATION 9 ! WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T ( ?IS C\NTRY :O EV] WANT$ TO DO SO4 

,A ,REBEL ,SPIRIT 

,I KNEW ,LEAH ,FELDMAN1 ONE ( ! LA/ SURVIVORS ( ! ,MAKHNO MOVEM5T1 FROM #aicf TO H] DEA? AT N9ETY-F\R 9 #a#i#i#c4 ,%E WAS A CON/ANT LEITMOTIF 9 MY EXP]I5CES ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,:5 /ILL ATT5D+ ! BOX+ ACADEMY ,I US$ TO CALL 9 TO ! SWEAT%OP :]E %E WORK$ AS A FURRI] & H& 9 COLLECTIONS ,I MADE AMONG ! Y\NG PUGILI/S = ,SPANI% PRISON]S1 EV5 BE=E ! ,CIVIL ,W> BROKE \T1 LITTLE ?9K+ ,I W\LD /ILL BE AT IT SIXTY YE>S LAT]4 

,%E HAD COME FROM ,W>SAW AS A GIRL1 TO BREAK FROM H] OR?ODOX ,JEWI% P>5TS & TO BE ACTIVE 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,EV5 9 H] TE5S H] P>5TS W]E HID+ H] %OES TO /OP H] GO+ \T TO ILLEGAL ANTI-,CZ>I/ MEET+S1 & %E HID AN OLD PAIR 9 H] ROOM TO 5ABLE H] TO DO SO4 ,9 ,LONDON %E JO9$ ! ,YIDDI%-SPEAK+ AN>*I/ WORK]S MOVEM5T ( ! DAY 7( :I* %E BECAME ! LA/ SURVIVOR74 ,9 #a#i#a#g1 ! MALE ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S 9 EXILE TOOK ADVANTAGE ( ! >RANGEM5T BY :I* !Y C\LD JO9 ! ,RUSSIAN OR ,BRITI% ,>MIES & JO9$ ! >MY 9 DEFEAT TO BE HOME = ! REVOLUTION4 ,! WOM5 HAD NO SU* OPTION1 BUT ,LEAH 9DEP5D5TLY MADE H] WAY TO ,MOSC[4 ,LIKE O!RS1 BUT QUICK] ?AN MANY1 %E WAS SPE$ILY DISILLUSION$4 

,%E ATT5D$ ,KROPOTK9'S FUN]AL 7#a#i#b#a71 ! LA/ OP5 DEMON/RATION ( ANTI-,BOL%EVIKS UND] ! DICTATOR%IP4 ,AN>*I/S W]E RELEAS$ FROM PRISON TO ATT5D4 ,! AN>*I/S WORK+ 9 ! CAPITAL /OLE ! FL[]S FROM ! CON/ANT MASS$ TRIBUTE TO ! DICTATOR ,L591 !N AT ! HEI<T ( HIS P[]1 NO WREA?S BE+ AVAILABLE 9 A ,MOSC[ W9T]4 ,LAT] %E LEFT ,MOSC[ = ,ODESSA1 GIV+ ?AT AS H] PLACE ( BIR?1 & F\<T ALONGSIDE ,MAKHNO 9 ! TRA9 ?AT ACCOMPANI$ HIM1 C>+ = ORPHANS & PREP>+ CLO!S & FOOD4 ,:5 ! >MY WAS DEFEAT$ %E TOOK ADVANTAGE ( ! ONE 'PRIVILEGE' WOM5 HAD1 ( CONTRACT+ A M>RIAGE 9 NAME ONLY TO A ,G]MAN AN>*I/ TO 5ABLE H] TO LEAVE ! C\NTRY4 ,%E C\LD NOT F9D WORK 9 ,B]L91 ?\< %E HELP$ ! ,BLACK ,CROSS E/ABLI%$ !RE = ,RUSSIAN PRISON]S1 & CAME BACK TO ,LONDON4 

,DECID+ 9 ! ,?IRTIES ?AT H] 'HUSB&' WAS PROBABLY DEAD :5 ! ,NAZIS CAME TO P[]1 %E M>RI$ AN OLD EX-S]VICEMAN NAM$ ,D[NES1 LEFT D]ELICT AFT] ,W,W#a1 GIV+ HIM ,G,B,P#a = ! S]VICE4 ,%E WAS ?US BELAT$LY A ,BRITI% SUBJECT & ABLE TO TRAVEL1 & %E WAS ACTIVE 9 MANY MOVEM5TS :5 ,I FIR/ MET H] 9 #a#i#c#e1 ?\< %E ALWAYS HANK]$ = :AT WE ALL !N ?\<T WAS ! VANI%$ ,RUSSIAN MOVEM5T4 ,IT WAS H] 9QUIRIES 9TO ! FATE ( H] ,MAKHNOVI/ COMRADES 9 #a#i#d#h1 :I* ,I TRANSCRIB$1 :5 %E RECEIV$ SOME LEADS FROM AN EXILE 9 ,AM]ICA1 ?AT CAUS$ ! POLICE 9T]E/ 9 :E!R ,I WAS UP TO SOME?+ ) ,RUSSIAN RESI/ANCE4 ,%E WAS !N HALF BL9D FOLL[+ AN EYE OP]ATION1 BUT !Y QUE/ION$ H] TOO4 ,!Y C\LD NOT BE TOO C>EFUL AB\T SECURITY MATT]S1 EV5 ,RUSSIA'S4 

,DUR+ ! W> ,I MADE CONTACT ) SEV]AL SYMPA!TIC TO AN>*ISM 9 ! ,POLI% >MY & AIR =CE :O CAME TO SEE H]4 ,BUT1 LIKE MANY :O NEV] OV]COME ! PROBLEMS ( A NEW LANGUAGE1 ! OLD ONE WAS N[ HOPELESSLY MIX$4 ,H] ,POLI% WAS 9COMPREH5SIBLE TO !M1 BUT %E GAVE !M H] ,POLI% BOOKS4 ,! RACE DIVIDE 9 PRE-& 9T]-W> ,POL& HAD BE5 SU* !Y HAD NEV] HE>D A ,JEWI% ACC5T 9 ,POLI%4 

,%E NEV] LO/ H] 5?USIASM = ACTIVITIES = AN>*ISM1 :E!R ! H>MLESS ,FRE$OM V>IETY OR ! REAL ?+4 ,%E ASSOCIAT$ ) ! ,SPANI% /RUGGLE /RONGLY1 & :5 AFT] ! ,CIVIL ,W> 5D$ %E JO9$ A NUMB] ( AN>*I/ WOM5 9 AN 5T]PRISE />T$ BY ANO!R ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/ ,M>IE ,GOLDB]G4 ,!Y HAD A TAILOR+ WORK%OP 9 ,HOLBORN & W]E JO9$ BY ,SUCESO ,PORTALES 7( ! 0,MUJ]ES ,LIBRES0 ORGANIZATION7 & O!RS4 ,! BABBLE ( TONGUES 9 BROK5 ,5GLI%1 ,YIDDI%1 ,POLI%1 BITS ( ,FR5*1 ,SPANI%1 BROAD ,SCOTS1 ,CATALAN & ,GREEK-,CYPRIOT OV] ! RATTLE ( ! MA*9ES1 MADE ME WOND] H[ !Y EV] UND]/OOD ONE ANO!R BUT !Y MADE UP 9 VOLUME :AT !Y LACK$ 9 L+UI/IC CON=MITY4 ,! PO/MAN ONCE SAID TO ME ON ! /AIRS1 0,I CAN NEV] WORK \T :AT NATIONALITY ?OSE LADIES >E4 ,!Y TOLD ME !Y COME FROM SOME:]E CALL$ ,AN>*Y1 BUT ,*RI/ KN[S :]E ?AT IS40 

,DUR+ ! HECTIC /RUGGLES ( ! SIXTIES & SEV5TIES1 ,LEAH1 BY !N HALF BL9D & 9CREAS+LY DEAF1 HELP$ ! ,FIR/ ( ,MAY ,GR\P1 LOOK+ AFT] WEAPONS & EV5 SMUGGL+ ITEMS 9TO ,SPA91 :]E %E WAS KN[N AFFECTIONATELY BY ! NICKNAME 0LA YAYA 7GRANNY7 MAKNOVI/A04  

,?\< %E SUPPORT$ ,FRE$OM F9ANCIALLY & BY SELL+ COPIES1 %E WAS NEGLECT$ BY !M = SOME REASON4 ,P]HAPS !Y FE>$ H] A BIT1 ?\< OCCASIONALLY ! E>NE/ 0RESE>*]0 W\LD COME1 NOTEBOOK 9 H&1 TO ASK AB\T ! PA/4 ,AFT] H] DEA? ONE SU*1 A ,MR ,:ITEHEAD1 WAX$ S>CA/IC AB\T ?IS FUNNY OLD LADY ) FRAZZL$ HAIR :O SPOKE ,5GLI% BADLY & ANNOY$ ,PHILIP ,SANSOM4 ,HE P\R$ SCORN ON ! IDEA ?AT A WORK+ WOMAN C\LD HAVE DONE HALF ! ?+S %E DID1 CIT+ ! MISPR9T 9 MY OBITU>Y 9 ,! ,GU>DIAN 7= 0,L59'S TRIBUTE0 IT SAID ,L59'S TOMB07 TO PROVE NO?+ %E DID WAS ( ANY ACC\NT1 & ONE WOND]S :Y HE BO!R$ TO WRITE AB\T SU* AN 9SIGNIFICANT P]SON4 ,AS TO WORK+ ) ! ,SPANI% /RUGGLE1 ?AT WAS NOT :AT AN>*ISM CONSI/$ (3 IT WAS WRIT+ UNIV]SITY !SES AT ,/ATE EXP5SE1 :I* %E C]TA9LY NEV] DID4 

,I AM V]Y PR\D ( MY Y\NG FRI5DS & COLLEAGUES ON ,BLACK ,FLAG :O KNEW ( ! TREM5D\S WORK ,LEAH PUT 9 DUR+ H] YE>S 9 ! MOVEM5T1 & :O UNFLAGG+LY LOOK$ AFT] H] 9 H] LAT]1 DIFFICULT YE>S1 :5 A S]IES ( ACCID5TS MADE H] IMPATI5T1 DEM&+ & DIFFICULT1 BUT UNFLAGG+ 9 REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT1 SOME TAK+ H] ON HOLIDAY1 O!RS LOOK+ AFT] H] NE$S WEEK AFT] WEEK4 ,SOME FIFTY ATT5D$ H] FUN]AL1 & AFT]W>DS ,I W5T TO A GA!R+ TO SCATT] H] A%ES AT ! ,*ICAGO ,M>TYRS' ,MEMORIAL4  

#aihd & ,ALL ,?AT 

,WILF ,MC,C>TNEY1 A CAT]+ WORK] 9 HIS LATE SIXTIES1 WAS A REGUL> SPEAK] AT AN>*I/ MEET+S :5 ,I FIR/ ATT5D$ !M 9 ! ,?IRTIES4 ,HE WAS ALSO ONE ( ! ,SYNDICALI/ ,PROPAG&A ,LEAGUE1 :O JO9$ ! ,A,S,U BUT NOT ! ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 7AS RECON/RUCT$ 9 #a#i#d74 ,HE TOOK ! VIEW1 HELD BY MANY1 ?AT :AT WAS NE$$ WAS WORK]S AS A :OLE TO ORGANIZE1 NOT ! AN>*I/S AS SU*1 OR IT W\LD BECOME ANO!R POLITICAL P>TY1 ?\< NO?+ ANG]$ HIM MORE ?AN ! CU/OM>Y PHILI/9E /ATEM5T1 0! AN>*I/S DON'T BELIEVE 9 ORGANIZATION04 ,9 #aida ,TOM ,BR[N SUGGE/$ TO ,MC,C>TNEY HE %\LD WRITE HIS MEMOIRS4 ,MC,C>TNEY NAM$ ! PAMPHLET ,D>E TO BE A ,DANIEL6 A ,NONCON=MI/ SLOGAN :I* APPEAL$ TO OLD-TIME RADICALS1 EV5 A!I/S4 

,IT WAS /ILL ASSUM$ ,FRE$OM ,PRESS BELONG$ TO ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 BUT BY ! TIME IT WAS WRITT51 9 ! FOLL[+ YE>1 ?IS WAS DUBI\S4 ,! 0,FRE$OM ,PRESS ,GR\P0 9SI/$ ! BOOK WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO PUBLI%1 GIV+ AS AN EXCUSE ! ADMITT$LY SC>CELY LEGIBLE SCRIPT4 ,I TYP$ IT \T LABORI\SLY ONE WEEK5D ,I WAS 9 ,LONDON ONLY = IT TO LIE ON ! TABLE 9 ! FLAT ( TWO ( ! GR\P :ILE !Y ?\<T ( FRE% EXCUSES :Y IT C\LD NOT BE PUBLI%$4 

,H[EV]1 !Y W]E FRI5DS ( ,GEORGE ,ORWELL1 :O HAPP5$ TO CALL &1 SEE+ IT1 WAS 9T]E/$ 5\< TO ASK IF HE C\LD TAKE IT HOME TO READ4 ,NEXT WEEK HE CAME 9 & SAID 5?USIA/ICALLY1 0,IF Y\'RE GO+ TO PUBLI% IT1 ,I'D LIKE TO WRITE A =EWORD40 ,IT WAS A /ORY ( CAT]+ CONDITIONS 9 ! ,WE/ ,5D :I*1 HE SAID1 EXACTLY CONCURR$ ) HIS EXP]I5CE :5 D[N-&-\T 9 ,P>IS & ,LONDON 7! DIFF]5CE BE+ ?AT ,MC,C>TNEY %[$ H[ !Y F\<T BACK74  

,?\< ,ORWELL WAS NOT AS FAM\S !N AS N[1 HE WAS A ,NOT$ ,9TELLECTUAL & ?IS ALT]$ ! SITUATION6 ,!Y 0AGRE$0 IT %\LD BE PUBLI%$1 BUT ,GEORGE ,WOODCOCK1 AS A LIT]>Y 0EXP]T0 WANT$ IT RE-WRITT5 9 HIS BR& ( ,/&>D ,BOR+ ,5GLI%4 ,BR[N OBJECT$ VIGOR\SLY4 ,H[EV]1 BY ! TIME ! BOOKLET WAS READY = PR9T+1 ! CLIQUE HAD SEIZ$ CONTROL ( ! PRESS4 ,WOODCOCK MADE SEV]AL DELETIONS1 & *ANG$ ! TITLE TO ,! ,FR5* ,COOKS' ,SYNDICATE1 ) AN 9TRODUCTION BY ,WOODCOCK & A PREFACE BY ,ORWELL4 ,MC,C>TNEY1 :O DID NOT EXPECT NOR RECEIVE A P5NY = ! WORK NOR EV5 A FREE COPY1 WAS NOT CONSULT$4 

,:5 HE SAW IT PR9T$1 HE OBJECT$ /RONGLY TO ! PATRONIZ+ 9TRODUCTION BY ! ULTRA-,PACIFI/ ,NOT$ ,9TELLECTUAL ,WOODCOCK & HE ALSO RES5T$ ,ORWELL WRIT+ ?AT HIS EXP]I5CES AGRE$ ) ?OSE ( ! AU?OR1 :O REG>D$ HIM1 FAIRLY OR O!RWISE1 AS AN 0UPP] CLASS TWIT PLAY+ AT WORK]S1 :O SAID ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS /9KS04 

,WILF'S DAU<T]1 BE=E %E DI$ 9 #a#i#g#g1 ASK$ ,LEAH ,FELDMAN1 ) :OM %E WAS FRI5DLY OV] ! YE>S1 TO GET ,CI5FUEGOS ,PRESS TO RE-ISSUE ! PAMPHLET1 PREF]ABLY UND] ITS ORIG9AL TITLE4 ,!Y DID NOT HAVE A COPY & IT WAS LONG \T ( PR9T4 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS WROTE TO ,/U>T ?AT IT WAS 0!IR0 PAMPHLET & !Y W]E AB\T TO REPR9T & JEAL\SLY PRES]V$ ! RI<T TO ,ORWELL'S FEW WORDS4 ,FIFTE5 YE>S LAT]1 IT /ILL BE+ UNPUBLI%$1 ,I F\ND A COPY1 RE-SET IT & HAD IT PUBLI%$ BY ! ,KATE ,%>PLEY ,LIBR>Y4 

,SOME P>AGRAPHS HAD BE5 MISS$ FROM ! ,FRE$OM ,PRESS $ITION1 BUT AS ! MANUSCRIPT HADN'T BE5 RE/OR$1 ,I C\LDN'T REMEMB] !M WELL 5\< TO REPRODUCE !M ACCURATELY4 ,!SE P>AGRAPHS W]E ON E>LY ANTI-FASCI/ ACTIVITY DUR+ ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE1 :5 ! ,IMP]IAL ,FASCI/I ORGANIZ$ A /RIKE-BREAK+ =CE1 :I* DESPITE ,REGUL> ,>MY PROTECTION WAS R\T$ 9 ! ,OLD ,K5T ,ROAD BY DOCK]S ) !IR HAMM]S & CAT]+ WORK]S ) !IR C>V+ KNIVES4 ,! H]OIC SCABS TOOK ONE LOOK1 BROKE RANKS & RAN1 TO ! HIL>ITY ( ! SQUADDIES4 ,AN AMUS+ P>AGRAPH ON ,VICTORIAN S*OOLS1 ) SOME S>CA/IC COMM5TS ON ! CLASS PREJUDICES ( EV5 ! BE/ PR(ESSIONAL WRIT]S1 WAS ALSO MISS+4 ,!SE DELETIONS 9 ! FIR/ $ITION W]E NO D\BT MADE BY ,PR(ESSOR ,WOODCOCK 9 ! 9T]E/S ( SPACE1 & ! OMISSION ( HIS UNSOLICIT$ FIVE C5TS WOR? 9 ! SECOND $ITION MAY BE CONSID]$ PURE SECT>IANISM ON MY P>T4 

,ACCORD+ TO ,WOODCOCK 'S LAT] DI/ORT$ RECOLLECTIONS ( ?OSE DAYS1 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 FROM :I* HE !N L(TILY DETA*$ HIMSELF1 WAS (F]$ ,ANIMAL ,F>M BUT TURN$ IT D[N4 ,I F9D IT HI<LY UNLIKELY1 ESPECIALLY ) ,WOODCOCK 9 CONTROL ( ITS LIT]>Y \TPUT & GIV5 ,M>IE-,L\ISE ,B]N]I'S WOR%IP ( ,NOT$ ,9TELLECTUALS LIKE H] FA!R4 ,HAD !Y PUBLI%$ IT ,ORWELL W\LD NEV] HAVE BE5 BR\<T TO ! NOTICE ( ! LIT]>Y DICTATORS ( OP9ION4 ,IT W\LD HAVE BE5 JU/ ANO!R OBSCURE BOOK4 

,PUBLI%$ BY A MA9/REAM PUBLI%] & REVIEW$ BY ACCEPT$ CRITICS1 IT BR\<T ,ORWELL 9TO CONSID]ATION BY ! ,E/ABLI%M5T1 & NOT JU/ ! LIT]>Y ONE1 AS AN \TRAGE\S & ORIG9AL CRITIC ( ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA1 & BY IMPLICATION AN OPPON5T ( ! LIB]AL V]SION ( ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM HE HAD P$DL$ = YE>S & /ILL DID4 

,ORWELL WAS !N TOO ILL TO 5JOY ! S5SATION ( BE+ ONE ( ! LIT]>Y FIGURES ( \R TIME1 BUT 9 #aidh #aihd PUT HIM ON ! MAP4 ,AS ) ,ANIMAL ,F>M MANY PEOPLE MISUND]/OOD IT4 ,:AT HE WAS DO+ WAS NOT PR$ICT+ A FUTURE :I* NEV] HAPP5$1 AT LEA/ )9 ! TIMESCALE1 BUT1 LIKE ,JACK ,LONDON 9 ,! ,IRON ,HEEL1 EXAGG]AT+ CURR5T TR5DS 9 T]MS ( ! FUTURE4 ,HE WAS ESS5TIALLY A LIB]AL ,SOCIALI/1 DIS5*ANT$ ) ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ! WAY SOCIALISM WAS GO+1 BUT ) A LOVE-HATE RELATION%IP ) BO?1 LIKE MANY ( ! 9TELLECTUAL LEFT BE=E & S9CE4 ,! ,RI<T TOOK IT = HATE & CLASP$ A RELUCTANT & DY+ ,ORWELL TO ITS BOSOM4 

,I ONLY MET ,ORWELL ONCE1 9 ,*>LIE ,LAHR'S BOOK%OP4 ,I NEV] AGRE$ ) ,WILF ,MC,C>TNEY'S DESCRIPTION ( HIM1 P>TLY BECAUSE ( HIS ,HOMAGE TO ,CATALONIA1 ?\< IT WAS NOT AS GOOD AS IT WAS CRACK$ UP TO BE BY LAT] G5]ATIONS4 

,N[ADAYS !Y SEEM TO ?9K HE WAS A SIGNIFICANT MILIT>Y FIGURE 9 ,SPA9 9/EAD ( BE+ AN OBSCURE =EIGN VOLUNTE] 9 A M9OR P>TY'S DIVISION1 ?\< HE MADE NO CLAIMS TO BE+ ANY?+ MORE4 

,I REMEMB] HIM TALK+ TO ,LAHR AB\T ! ,AM]ICAN ,ALB]T ,WEISBORD1 :O WROTE A TOME ON ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION 9 ,SPA94 ,WEISBORD1 ,ORWELL SAID1 WAS A =M] ,TROTSKYI/ :O HAD GONE ?R\< ,TROTSKYISM & ,OEHL]ISM & WAS N[ ! ONLY ,WEISBORDIAN AP>T FROM HIS WIFE4 ,:5 !Y DIVORC$1 HE SAID1 !RE C\LD BE NO MORE SPLITS1 UNLESS HE BECAME S*IZOPHR5IC4 ,WEISBORD HAD APP>5TLY TURN$ UP 9 ,B>CELONA JU/ ON ! EVE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ 9T]NAL C\P 9 #a#i#c#g1 & HAD LOCK$ HIMSELF 9 HIS HOTEL B$ROOM = TWO DAYS1 EV5TUALLY CREEP+ \T AT NI<T TO ! ,BRITI% ,EMBASSY OV] ! ROAD :O AF=D$ HIM A SWIFT C> TO ! ,AM]ICAN ,EMBASSY & A SAFE PASSAGE \T BE=E ! ,O,G,P,U GOT HIM1 = :AT PURPOSE ONE KN[S NOT4 ,ONE W\LD HAVE ?\<T !Y W]E NOT ?AT H>D-UP = SP>E ,TROTS4 ,HE !N RETURN$ TO ,NEW ,YORK TO D5\NCE ! C[>DICE ( ?OSE :O HAD LET ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY GA9 ! UPP] H&4 

,ORWELL ALSO SAID ?AT ,WEISBORD HAD ONCE CAMPAIGN$ TO BE ,GOV]NOR ( ,NEW ,YORK ,/ATE ON A MANIFE/O ADDRESS$ 0,TO ! ,WORK]S & ,PEASANTS ( ,BROOKLYN04 ,TO BE HONE/1 ,I ?\<T ,ORWELL A LOT WITTI] ?AN HIS WRIT+S1 :I* ,I F\ND USUALLY1 & AT ?AT TIME ALWAYS1 A DREADFUL BORE4 ,SU* AN OP9ION BECAME LIT]>Y H]ESY4 

7,C7 ,COPYRI<T3 #aiif ,ALB]T ,MELTZ] 

,FROM 3 ,HACK4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiie 3 ,*APT] #bb -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #g1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #bb -- ,ADD$4 

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