,IDEAS ,?AT ,HAVE ,H>M$ ,MANK9D 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,B]TR& ,RUSSELL 

,TAGS 3 PLEASURES ( ! M9D1 SUP]IORITY ( ! MALE1 ALL M5 >E EQUAL1 PLEASURES ( S5SE1 JOYS ( HEAV51 GOOD OR EVIL1 BELIEF 9 WIT*CRAFT1 LEVEL ( PROSP]ITY1 FIR/ WORLD W>1 M5 >E EQUAL4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,ALEX&RE ,DULAUNOY1,C,C ,B,Y-,S,A ,LIC5SE ,IDEAS ?AT ,HAVE ,H>M$ ,MANK9D 
FROM 0,UNPOPUL> ,ESSAYS0 BY 
    ,B]TR& ,RUSSELL 

4 
    ,! MIS=TUNES ( HUMAN BE+S MAY BE DIVID$ 9TO TWO 
    CLASSES3 ,FIR/1 ?OSE 9FLICT$ BY ! NON-HUMAN 5VIRONM5T &1 SECOND1 ?OSE 9FLICT$ 
    BY O!R PEOPLE4 ,AS MANK9D HAVE PROGRESS$ 9 KN[L$GE & TE*NIQUE1 ! SECOND CLASS 
    HAS BECOME A CONT9UALLY 9CREAS+ P]C5TAGE ( ! TOTAL4 ,9 OLD TIMES1 FAM9E1 = 
    EXAMPLE1 WAS DUE TO NATURAL CAUSES1 & AL?\< PEOPLE DID !IR BE/ TO COMBAT IT1 L>GE 
    NUMB]S ( !M DI$ ( />VATION4 ,AT ! PRES5T MOM5T L>GE P>TS ( ! WORLD >E 
    FAC$ ) ! ?REAT ( FAM9E1 BUT AL?\< NATURAL CAUSES HAVE CONTRIBUT$ TO ! 
    SITUATION1 ! PR9CIPAL CAUSES >E HUMAN4 ,= SIX YE>S ! CIVILIZ$ NATIONS ( ! 
    WORLD DEVOT$ ALL !IR BE/ 5]GIES TO KILL+ EA* O!R1 & !Y F9D IT DIFFICULT 
    SUDD5LY TO SWIT* OV] TO KEEP+ EA* O!R ALIVE4 ,HAV+ DE/ROY$ H>VE/S1 DISMANTL$ 
    AGRICULTURAL MA*9]Y1 & DISORGANIZ$ %IPP+1 !Y F9D IT NO EASY MATT] TO RELIEVE 
    ! %ORTAGE ( CROPS 9 ONE PLACE BY MEANS ( A SUP]ABUNDANCE 9 ANO!R1 AS W\LD 
    EASILY BE DONE IF ! ECONOMIC SY/EM W]E 9 NORMAL WORK+ ORD]4 ,AS ?IS ILLU/RATION 
    %[S1 IT IS N[ MAN ?AT IS MAN'S WOR/ 5EMY4 ,NATURE1 IT IS TRUE1 /ILL SEES TO IT ?AT 
    WE >E MORTAL1 BUT ) ! PROGRESS 9 M$IC9E IT WILL BECOME MORE & MORE COMMON = 
    PEOPLE TO LIVE UNTIL !Y HAVE HAD !IR FILL ( LIFE4 ,WE >E SUPPOS$ TO WI% TO LIVE = 
    EV] & TO LOOK =W>D TO ! UN5D+ JOYS ( HEAV51 ( :I*1 BY MIRACLE1 ! 
    MONOTONY WILL NEV] GR[ /ALE4 ,BUT 9 FACT1 IF Y\ QUE/ION ANY C&ID P]SON :O IS NO 
    LONG] Y\NG1 HE IS V]Y LIKELY TO TELL Y\ ?AT1 HAV+ TA/$ LIFE 9 ?IS WORLD1 HE HAS 
    NO WI% TO BEG9 AGA9 AS A 'NEW BOY' 9 ANO!R4 ,= ! FUTURE1 !RE=E1 IT MAY BE 
    TAK5 ?AT MU* ! MO/ IMPORTANT EVILS ?AT MANK9D HAVE TO CONSID] >E ?OSE :I* 
    !Y 9FLICT UPON EA* O!R ?R\< /UPIDITY OR MALEVOL5CE OR BO?4 

,I ?9K ?AT ! 
    EVILS ?AT M5 9FLICT ON EA* O!R1 & BY RESECTION UPON !MSELVES1 HAVE !IR MA9 
    S\RCE 9 EVIL PASSIONS RA!R ?AN 9 IDEAS OR BELIEFS4 ,BUT IDEAS & PR9CIPLES ?AT DO 
    H>M >E1 AS A RULE1 ?\< NOT ALWAYS1 CLOAKS = EVIL PASSIONS4 ,9 ,LISBON :5 H]ETICS 
    W]E PUBLICLY BURNT1 IT SOMETIMES HAPP5$ ?AT ONE ( !M1 BY A P>TICUL>LY $IFY+ 
    RECANTATION1 W\LD BE GRANT$ ! BOON ( BE+ /RANGL$ BE=E BE+ PUT 9TO ! 
    FLAMES4 ,?IS W\LD MAKE ! SPECTATORS SO FURI\S ?AT ! AU?ORITIES HAD GREAT 
    DIFFICULTY 9 PREV5T+ !M FROM LYN*+ ! P5IT5T & BURN+ HIM ON !IR [N 
    ACC\NT4 ,! SPECTACLE ( ! WRI?+ TORM5TS ( ! VICTIMS WAS1 9 FACT1 ONE ( ! 
    PR9CIPAL PLEASURES TO :I* ! POPULACE LOOK$ =W>D TO 5LIV5 A SOME:AT DRAB 
    EXI/5CE4 ,I CANNOT D\BT ?AT ?IS PLEASURE GREATLY CONTRIBUT$ TO ! G5]AL BELIEF 
    ?AT ! BURN+ ( H]ETICS WAS A RI<TE\S ACT4 ,! SAME SORT ( ?+ APPLIES TO W>4 
    ,PEOPLE :O >E VIGOR\S & BRUTAL (T5 F9D W> 5JOYABLE1 PROVID$ ?AT IT IS A 
    VICTORI\S W> & ?AT !RE IS NOT TOO MU* 9T]F]5CE ) RAPE & PLUND]4 ,?IS IS 
    A GREAT HELP 9 P]SUAD+ PEOPLE ?AT W>S >E RI<TE\S4 ,DR ,>NOLD1 ! H]O ( ,TOM 
    ,BR[N'S ,S*OOLDAYS1 & ! ADMIR$ RE=M] ( ,PUBLIC ,S*OOLS1 CAME ACROSS SOME CRANKS 
    :O ?\<T IT A MI/AKE TO FLOG BOYS4 ,ANYONE READ+ HIS \TBUR/ ( FURI\S 9DIGNATION 
    AGA9/ ?IS OP9ION WILL BE =C$ TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT HE 5JOY$ 9FLICT+ 
    FLOGG+S1 & DID NOT WI% TO BE DEPRIV$ ( ?IS PLEASURE4 
     

,IT W\LD BE 
    EASY TO MULTIPLY 9/ANCES 9 SUPPORT ( ! !SIS ?AT OP9IONS :I* JU/IFY CRUELTY 
    >E 9SPIR$ BY CRUEL IMPULSES4 ,:5 WE PASS 9 REVIEW ! OP9IONS ( =M] TIMES :I* 
    >E N[ RECOGNIZ$ AS ABSURD1 IT WILL BE F\ND ?AT N9E TIMES \T ( T5 !Y W]E SU* 
    AS TO JU/IFY ! 9FLICTION ( SUFF]+4 ,TAKE1 = 9/ANCE1 M$ICAL PRACTICE4 ,:5 
    ANES!TICS W]E 9V5T$ !Y W]E ?\<T TO BE WICK$ AS BE+ AN ATTEMPT TO ?W>T 
    ,GOD'S WILL4 ,9SANITY WAS ?\<T TO BE DUE TO DIABOLIC POSSESSION1 & IT WAS BELIEV$ 
    ?AT DEMONS 9HABIT+ A MADMAN C\LD BE DRIV5 \T BY 9FLICT+ PA9 UPON HIM1 & SO 
    MAK+ !M UNCOM=TABLE4 ,9 PURSUIT ( ?IS OP9ION1 LUNATICS W]E TREAT$ = YE>S ON 
    5D ) SY/EMATIC & CONSCI5TI\S BRUTALITY4 ,I CANNOT ?9K ( ANY 9/ANCE ( AN 
    ]RONE\S M$ICAL TREATM5T ?AT WAS AGREEABLE RA!R ?AN DISAGREEABLE TO ! PATI5T4 ,OR 
    AGA91 TAKE MORAL $UCATION4 ,CONSID] H[ MU* BRUTALITY HAS BE5 JU/IFI$ BY ! RHYME3 
     

,A DOG1 A WIFE1 & A WALNUT TREE1 

    ,! MORE Y\ BEAT !M ! BETT] !Y BE4 
     

,I HAVE NO 
    EXP]I5CE ( ! MORAL EFFECT ( FLAGELLATION ON WALNUT TREES1 BUT NO CIVILIZ$ P]SON 
    W\LD N[ JU/IFY ! RHYME AS REG>DS WIVES4 ,! RE=MATIVE EFFECT ( PUNI%M5T IS A 
    BELIEF ?AT DIES H>D1 *IEFLY ,I ?9K1 BECAUSE IT IS SO SATISFY+ TO \R SADI/IC 
    IMPULSES4 
     

,BUT 
    AL?\< PASSIONS HAVE HAD MORE TO DO ?AN BELIEFS ) :AT IS AMISS 9 HUMAN LIFE1 YET 
    BELIEFS1 ESPECIALLY :]E !Y >E ANCI5T & SY/EMATIC & EMBODI$ 9 ORGANIZATIONS1 
    HAVE A GREAT P[] ( DELAY+ DESIRABLE *ANGES ( OP9ION & ( 9FLU5C+ 9 ! 
    WRONG DIRECTION PEOPLE :O O!RWISE W\LD HAVE NO /RONG FEEL+S EI!R WAY4 ,S9CE MY 
    SUBJECT IS ',IDEAS ?AT HAVE ,H>M$ ,MANK9D1' IT IS ESPECIALLY H>MFUL SY/EMS ( BELIEFS 
    ?AT ,I %ALL CONSID]4 
     

,! MO/ 
    OBVI\S CASE AS REG>DS PA/ HI/ORY IS CON/ITUT$ BY ! BELIEFS :I* MAY BE CALL$ 
    RELIGI\S OR SUP]/ITI\S1 ACCORD+ TO ONE'S P]SONAL BIAS4 ,IT WAS SUPPOS$ ?AT HUMAN 
    SACRIFICE W\LD IMPROVE ! CROPS1 AT FIR/ = PURELY MAGICAL REASONS1 & !N BECAUSE 
    ! BLOOD ( VICTIMS WAS ?\<T PLEAS+ TO ! GODS1 :O C]TA9LY W]E MADE 9 ! 
    IMAGE ( !IR WOR%IP]S4 ,WE READ 9 ! ,OLD ,TE/AM5T ?AT IT WAS A RELIGI\S DUTY TO 
    EXT]M9ATE CONQU]$ RACES COMPLETELY1 & ?AT TO SP>E EV5 !IR CATTLE & %EEP WAS 
    AN IMPIETY4 ,D>K T]RORS & MIS=TUNES 9 ! LIFE TO COME OPPRESS$ ! ,EGYPTIANS & 
    ,ETRUSCANS1 BUT NEV] REA*$ !IR FULL DEVELOPM5T UNTIL ! VICTORY ( ,*RI/IANITY4 
    ,GLOOMY SA9TS :O AB/A9$ FROM ALL PLEASURES ( S5SE1 :O LIV$ 9 SOLITUDE 9 ! 
    DES]T1 D5Y+ !MSELVES MEAT & W9E & ! SOCIETY ( WOM51 W]E1 NEV]!LESS1 NOT 
    OBLIG$ TO AB/A9 FROM ALL PLEASURES4 ,! PLEASURES ( ! M9D W]E CONSID]$ TO BE 
    SUP]IOR TO ?OSE ( ! BODY1 & A HI< PLACE AMONG ! PLEASURES ( ! M9D WAS 
    ASSIGN$ TO ! CONTEMPLATION ( ! ET]NAL TORTURES TO :I* ! PAGANS & H]ETICS 
    W\LD H]EAFT] BE SUBJECT$4 ,IT IS ONE ( ! DRAWBACKS TO ASCETICISM ?AT IT SEES NO 
    H>M 9 PLEASURES O!R ?AN ?OSE ( S5SE1 & YET1 9 FACT1 NOT ONLY ! BE/ 
    PLEASURES1 BUT ALSO ! V]Y WOR/1 >E PURELY M5TAL4 ,CONSID] ! PLEASURES ( ,MILTON'S 
    ,SATAN :5 HE CONTEMPLATES ! H>M ?AT HE C\LD DO TO MAN4 ,AS ,MILTON MAKES HIM SAY3 
     

,! M9D IS ITS [N PLACE1 & 9 ITSELF  

    ,CAN MAKE A HEAV'N HELL1 A HELL ( HEAV'N4 
     

& HIS PSY*OLOGY IS NOT SO V]Y DIFF]5T FROM ?AT ( 
    ,T]TULLIAN1 EXULT+ 9 ! ?\<T ?AT HE WILL BE ABLE TO LOOK \T FROM HEAV5 AT ! 
    SUFF]+S ( ! DAMN$4 ,! ASCETIC DEPRECIATION ( ! PLEASURES ( S5SE HAS NOT 
    PROMOT$ K9DL9ESS OR TOL]ANCE1 OR ANY ( ! O!R VIRTUES ?AT A NON-SUP]/ITI\S 
    \TLOOK ON HUMAN LIFE W\LD LEAD US TO DESIRE4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 :5 A MAN TORTURES 
    HIMSELF HE FEELS ?AT IT GIVES HIM A RI<T TO TORTURE O!RS1 & 9CL9ES HIM TO ACCEPT 
    ANY SY/EM ( DOGMA BY :I* ?IS RI<T IS =TIFI$4 
     

,! ASCETIC 
    =M ( CRUELTY IS1 UN=TUNATELY1 NOT CONF9$ TO ! FI]C] =MS ( ,*RI/IAN DOGMA1 
    :I* >E N[ SELDOM BELIEV$ ) !IR =M] F]OCITY4 ,! WORLD HAS PRODUC$ NEW & 
    M5AC+ =MS ( ! SAME PSY*OLOGICAL PATT]N4 ,! ,NAZIS 9 ! DAYS BE=E !Y 
    A*IEV$ P[] LIV$ LABORI\S LIVES1 9VOLV+ MU* SACRIFICE ( EASE & PRES5T 
    PLEASURE 9 OB$I5CE TO ! BELIEF 9 /R5U\SNESS & ,NIETZS*E'S MAXIM ?AT ONE %\LD 
    MAKE ONESELF H>D4 ,EV5 AFT] !Y A*IEV$ P[]1 ! SLOGAN 'GUNS RA!R ?AN BUTT]' 
    /ILL 9VOLV$ A SACRIFICE ( ! PLEASURES ( S5SE = ! M5TAL PLEASURES ( 
    PROSPECTIVE VICTORY - ! V]Y PLEASURES1 9 FACT1 ) :I* ,MILTON'S ,SATAN CONSOLES 
    HIMSELF :ILE TORTUR$ BY ! FIRES ( HELL4 ,! SAME M5TALITY IS TO BE F\ND AMONG 
    E>NE/ ,COMMUNI/S1 TO :OM LUXURY IS AN EVIL1 H>D WORK ! PR9CIPAL DUTY1 & UNIV]SAL 
    POV]TY ! MEANS TO ! MILL5NIUM4 ,! COMB9ATION ( ASCETICISM & CRUELTY HAS NOT 
    DISAPPE>$ ) ! S(T5+ ( ,*RI/IAN DOGMA1 BUT HAS TAK5 ON NEW =MS HO/ILE TO 
    ,*RI/IANITY4 ,!RE IS /ILL MU* ( ! SAME M5TALITY3 MANK9D >E DIVID$ 9TO SA9TS 
    & S9N]S2 ! SA9TS >E TO A*IEVE BLISS 9 ! ,NAZI OR ,COMMUNI/S HEAV51 :ILE ! 
    S9N]S >E TO BE LIQUIDAT$1 OR TO SUFF] SU* PA9S AS HUMAN BE+S CAN 9FLICT 9 
    CONC5TRATION CAMPS - 9F]IOR1 ( C\RSE1 TO ?OSE :I* ,OMNIPOT5CE WAS ?\<T TO 
    9FLICT 9 HELL1 BUT ! WOR/ ?AT HUMAN BE+S ) !IR LIMIT$ P[]S >E ABLE TO 
    A*IEVE4 ,!RE IS /ILL1 = ! SA9TS1 A H>D P]IOD ( PROBATION FOLL[$ BY '! %\T 
    ( !M ?AT TRIUMPH1 ! SONG ( !M ?AT FEA/'1 AS ! ,*RI/IAN HYMN SAYS 9 
    DESCRIB+ ! JOYS ( HEAV54 
     

,AS ?IS 
    PSY*OLOGICAL PATT]N SEEMS SO P]SI/5T & SO CAPABLE ( CLO?+ ITSELF 9 COMPLETELY 
    NEW MANTLES ( DOGMA1 IT MU/ HAVE ITS ROOTS SOME:AT DEEP 9 HUMAN NATURE4 ,?IS IS ! 
    K9D ( MATT] ?AT IS /UDI$ BY PSY*O-ANALY/S1 & :ILE ,I AM V]Y F> FROM 
    SUBSCRIB+ TO ALL !IR DOCTR9ES1 ,I ?9K ?AT !IR G5]AL ME?ODS >E IMPORTANT IF WE 
    WI% TO SEEK \T ! S\RCE ( EVIL 9 \R 9N]MO/ DEP?S4 ,! TW9 CONCEPTIONS ( S9 
    & V9DICTIVE PUNI%M5T SEEM TO BE AT ! ROOT ( MU* ?AT IS MO/ VIGOR\S1 BO? 9 
    RELIGION & POLITICS4 ,I CANNOT BELIEVE1 AS SOME PSY*O-ANALY/S DO1 ?AT ! FEEL+ ( 
    S9 IS 9NATE1 ?\< ,I BELIEVE IT TO BE A PRODUCT ( V]Y E>LY 9FANCY4 ,I ?9K ?AT1 IF 
    ?IS FEEL+ C\LD BE ]ADICAT$1 ! AM\NT ( CRUELTY 9 ! WORLD W\LD BE V]Y GREATLY 
    DIM9I%$4 ,GIV5 ?AT WE >E ALL S9N]S & ?AT WE ALL DES]VE PUNI%M5T1 !RE IS 
    EVID5TLY MU* TO BE SAID = A SY/EM ?AT CAUSES ! PUNI%M5T TO FALL UPON O!RS ?AN 
    \RSELVES4 ,CALV9I/S1 BY ! FIAT ( UNDES]V$ M]CY1 W\LD GO TO HEAV51 & !IR 
    FEEL+S ?AT S9 DES]V$ PUNI%M5T W\LD RECEIVE A M]ELY VIC>I\S SATISFACTION4 
    ,COMMUNI/S HAVE A SIMIL> \TLOOK4 ,:5 WE >E BORN WE DO NOT *OOSE :E!R WE >E TO BE 
    BORN CAPITALI/S OR PROLET>IANS1 BUT IF ! LATT] WE >E AMONG ! ELECT1 & IF ! 
    =M] WE >E NOT ,)\T ANY *OICE ON \R [N P>TS1 BY ! WORK+ ( ECONOMIC 
    DET]M9ISM1 WE >E FAT$ TO BE ON ! RI<T SIDE 9 ! ONE CASE1 & ON ! WRONG SIDE 
    9 ! O!R4 ,M>X'' FA!R BECAME A ,*RI/IAN :5 ,M>X WAS A LITTLE BOY1 & SOME1 AT 
    LEA/1 ( ! DOGMAS HE MU/ HAVE !N ACCEPT$ SEEM TO HAVE BORNE FRUIT 9 HIS SON'S 
    PSY*OLOGY4 
     

,ONE ( ! 
    ODD EFFECTS ( ! IMPORTANCE :I* EA* ( U ATTA*ES TO HIMSELF1 IS ?AT WE T5D TO 
    IMAG9E \R [N GOOD OR EVIL =TUNE TO BE ! PURPOSE ( O!R PEOPLE'S ACTIONS4 ,I Y\ 
    PASS 9 A TRA9 A FIELD CONTA9+ GRAZ+ C[S1 Y\ MA SOMETIMES SEE !M RUNN+ AWAY 9 
    T]ROR AS ! TRA9 PASSES4 ,! C[1 IF IT W]E A METAPHYSICIAN1 W\LD >GUE3 ',EV]Y?+ 
    9 MY [N DESIRES & HOPES & FE>S HAS REF]5CE TO MYSELF2 H5CE BY 9DUCTION ,I 
    CONCLUDE ?AT EV]Y?+ 9 ! UNIV]SE HAS REF]5CE TO MYSELF4 ,?IS NOISY TRA91 
    !RE=E1 9T5DS TO DO ME EI!R GOOD OR EVIL4 ,I CANNOT SUPPOSE ?AT IT 9T5DS TO DO ME 
    GOOD1 S9CE IT COMES 9 SU* A T]RIFY+ =M1 & !RE=E1 AS A PRUD5T C[1 ,I %ALL 
    5DEAVOR TO ESCAPE FROM IT4' ,IF Y\ W]E TO EXPLA9 TO ?IS METAPHYSICAL RUM9ANT ?AT ! 
    TRA9 HAS NO 9T5TION ( LEAV+ ! RAILS1 & IS TOTALLY 9DIFF]5T TO ! FATE ( ! 
    C[1 ! POOR BEA/ W\LD BE BEWILD]$ BY ANY?+ SO UNNATURAL4 ,! TRA9 ?AT WI%ES 
    H] NEI!R WELL NOR ILL W\LD SEEM MORE COLD & MORE ABYSMALLY HORRIFY+ ?AN A TRA9 
    ?AT WI%$ H] ILL4 ,JU/ ?IS HAS HAPP5$ ) HUMAN BE+S4 ,! C\RSE ( NATURE BR+S 
    !M SOMETIMES GOOD =TUNE1 SOMETIMES EVIL4 ,!Y CANNOT BELIEVE ?AT ?IS HAPP5S BY 
    ACCID5T4 ,! C[1 HAV+ KN[N ( A COMPANION :I* HAD /RAY$ ON TO ! RAILWAY L9E 
    & BE5 KILL$ BY A TRA91 W\LD PURSUE H] PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTIONS1 IF %E W]E 
    5D[$ ) ?AT MOD]ATE DEGREE ( 9TELLIG5CE ?AT *>ACT]IZES MO/ HUMAN BE+S1 TO 
    ! PO9T ( CONCLUD+ ?AT ! UN=TUNATE C[ HAD BE5 PUNI%$ = S9 BY ! GOD ( 
    ! RAILWAY4 ,%E W\LD BE GLAD :5 HIS PRIE/S PUT F5CES ALONG ! L9E1 & W\LD W>N 
    Y\NG] & FRISKI] C[S NEV] TO AVAIL !MSELVES ( ACCID5TAL OP5+S 9 ! F5CE1 
    S9CE ! WAGES ( S9 IS DEA?4 ,BY SIMIL> MY?S M5 HAVE SUCCE$$1 )\T SACRIFIC+ 
    !IR SELFIMPORTANCE1 9 EXPLA9+ MANY ( ! MIS=TUNES TO :I* !Y >E SUBJECT4 ,BUT 
    SOMETIMES MIS=TUNE BEFALLS ! :OLLY VIRTU\S1 & :AT >E WE TO SAY 9 ?IS CASE8 ,WE 
    %ALL /ILL BE PREV5T$ BY \R FEEL+ ?AT WE MU/ BE ! C5T] ( ! UNIV]SE FROM 
    ADMITT+ ?AT MIS=TUNE HAS M]ELY HAPP5$ TO US )\T ANYBODY'S 9T5D+ IT1 & 
    S9CE WE >E NOT WICK$ BY HYPO!SIS1 \R MIS=TUNE MU/ BE DUE TO SOMEBODY'S 
    MALEVOL5CE1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 TO SOMEBODY WI%+ TO 9JURE US FROM M]E HATR$ & NOT 
    FROM ! HOPE ( ANY ADVANTAGE TO HIMSELF4 ,IT WAS ?IS /ATE ( M9D ?AT GAVE RISE TO 
    DEMONOLOGY1 & ! BELIEF 9 WIT*CRAFT & BLACK MAGIC4 ,! WIT* IS A P]SON :O 
    9JURES H] NEI<BORS FROM %E] HATR$1 NOT FROM ANY HOPE ( GA94 ,! BELIEF 9 
    WIT*CRAFT1 UNTIL AB\T ! MIDDLE ( ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY1 AF=D$ A MO/ SATISFY+ 
    \TLET = ! DELICI\S EMOTION ( SELF-RI<TE\S CRUELTY4 ,!RE WAS ,BIBLICAL W>RANT = 
    ! BELIEF1 S9CE ! ,BIBLE SAYS3 ',?\ %ALT NOT SUFF] A WIT* TO LIVE4' ,& ON ?IS 
    GR\ND ! ,9QUISITION PUNI%$ NOT ONLY WIT*ES1 BUT ?OSE :O DID NOT BELIEVE 9 ! 
    POSSIBILITY ( WIT*CRAFT1 S9CE TO DISBELIEVE IT WAS H]ESY4 ,SCI5CE1 BY GIV+ SOME 
    9SI<T 9TO NATURAL CAUSATION1 DISSIPAT$ ! BELIEF 9 MAGIC1 BUT C\LD NOT :OLLY 
    DISPEL ! FE> & S5SE ( 9SECURITY ?AT HAD GIV5 RISE TO IT4 ,9 MODEM TIMES1 !SE 
    SAME EMOTIONS F9D AN \TLET 9 FE> ( =EIGN NATIONS1 AN \TLET :I*1 IT MU/ BE 
    CONFESS$1 REQUIRES NOT MU* 9 ! WAY ( SUP]/ITI\S SUPPORT4 
     

,ONE ( ! 
    MO/ P[]FUL S\RCES ( FALSE BELIEF IS 5VY4 ,9 ANY SMALL T[N Y\ WILL F9D1 IF Y\ 
    QUE/ION ! COMP>ATIVELY WELL-TODO1 ?AT !Y ALL EXAGG]ATE !IR NEI<BORS' 9COMES1 
    :I* GIVES !M AN OPPORTUNITY TO JU/IFY AN ACCUSATION ( MEANNESS4 ,! JEAL\SIES ( 
    WOM5 >E PROV]BIAL AMONG M51 BUT 9 ANY L>GE (FICE Y\ WILL F9D EXACTLY ! SAME 
    K9D ( JEAL\SY AMONG MALE (IICIALS4 ,:5 ONE ( !M SECURES PROMOTION ! O!RS WILL 
    SAY3 ',HUMPH6 ,SO-& SO KN[S H[ TO MAKE UP TO ! BIG M54 ,I C\LD HAVE RIS] QUITE AS 
    FA/ AS HE HAS IF ,I HAD *OS5 TO DEBASE MYSELF BY US+ ! SYCOPHANTIC >TS ( :I* HE 
    IS NOT A%AM$4 ,NO D\BT HIS WORK HAS A FLA%Y BRILLIANCE1 BUT IT LACKS SOLIDLY1 & 
    SOON] OR LAT] ! AU?ORITIES WILL F9D \T !IR MI/AKE4' ,SO ALL ! M$IOCRE M5 WILL 
    SAY IF A REALLY ABLE MAN IS ALL[$ TO RISE AS FA/ AS HIS ABILITIES DES]VE1 & ?AT IS 
    :Y !RE IS A T5D5CY TO ADOPT ! RULE ( S5IORITY1 :I*1 S9CE IT HAS NO?+ TO DO 
    ) M]IT1 DOES NOT GIVE RISE TO ! SAME 5VI\S DISCONT5T4 
     

,ONE ( ! 
    MO/ UN=TUNATE RESULTS ( \R PRON5ESS TO 5VY IS ?AT IT HAS CAUS$ A COMPLETE 
    MISCONCEPTION ( ECONOMIC SELF9T]E/1 BO? 9DIVIDUAL & NATIONAL4 ,I WILL ILLU/RATE BY 
    A P>ABLE4 ,!RE WAS ONCE UPON A TIME A M$IUM SIZ$ T[N CONTA9+ A NUMB] ( BUT*]S1 
    A NUMB] ( BAK]S1 & SO =?4 ,ONE BUT*]1 :O WAS EXCEPTIONALLY 5]GETIC1 DECID$ 
    ?AT HE W\LD MAKE MU* L>G] PR(ITS IF ALL ! O!R BUT*]S W]E RU9$ & HE BECAME 
    A MONOPOLI/4 ,BY SY/EMATICALLY UND]-SELL+ !M HE SUCCE$$ 9 HIS OBJECT1 ?\< HIS 
    LOSSES MEAN:ILE HAD ALMO/ EXHAU/$ HIS COMM& ( CAPITAL & CR$IT4 ,AT ! SAME TIME 
    AN 5]GETIC BAK] HAD HAD ! SAME IDEA & HAD PURSU$ IT TO A SIMIL> SUCCESSFUL 
    CONCLUSION4 ,9 EV]Y TRADE :I* LIV$ BY SELL+ GOODS TO CONSUM]S ! SAME ?+ HAD 
    HAPP5$4 ,EA* ( ! SUCCESSFUL MONOPOLI/S HAD A HAPPY ANTICIPATION ( MAK+ A =TUNE1 
    BUT UN=TUNATELY ! RU9$ BUT*]S W]E NO LONG] 9 ! POSITION TO BUY BREAD1 & ! 
    RU9$ BAK]S W]E NO LONG] 9 ! POSITION TO BUY MEAT4 ,!IR EMPLOYES HAD HAD TO BE 
    DISMISS$ & HAD GONE ELSE:]E4 ,! CONSEQU5CE WAS ?AT1 AL?\< ! BUT*] & ! 
    BAK] EA* HAD A MONOPOLY1 !Y SOLD LESS ?AN !Y HAD DONE 9 ! OLD DAYS4 ,!Y HAD 
    =GOTT5 ?AT :ILE A MAN MAY BE 9JUR$ BY HIS COMPETITORS HE IS B5EFIT$ BY HIS 
    CU/OM]S1 & ?AT CU/OM]S BECOME MORE NUM]\S :5 ! G5]AL LEVEL ( PROSP]ITY IS 
    9CREAS$4 ,5VY HAD MADE !M CONC5TRATE !IR ATT5TION UPON COMPETITORS & =GET 
    ALTOGE!R ! ASPECT ( !IR PROSP]ITY ?AT DEP5D$ UPON CU/OM]S4 
     

,?IS IS A 
    FABLE1 & ! T[N ( :I* ,I HAVE BE5 SPEAK+ NEV] EXI/$1 BUT SUB/ITUTE = A T[N 
    ! WORLD1 & = 9DIVIDUALS NATIONS1 & Y\ WILL HAVE A P]FECT PICTURE ( ! 
    ECONOMIC POLICY UNIV]SALLY PURSU$ 9 ! PRES5T DAY4 ,EV]Y NATION IS P]SUAD$ ?AT ITS 
    ECONOMIC 9T]E/ IS OPPOS$ TO ?AT ( EV]Y O!R NATION1 & ?AT IT MU/ PR(IT IF 
    O!R NATIONS >E R$UC$ TO DE/ITUTION4 ,DUR+ ! FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>1 ,I US$ TO HE> 
    ,5GLI% PEOPLE SAY+ H[ IMM5SELY ,BRITI% TRADE W\LD B5EFIT FROM ! DE/RUCTION ( 
    ,G]MAN TRADE1 :I* WAS TO BE ONE ( ! PR9CIPAL FRUITS ( \R VICTORY4 ,AFT] ! W>1 
    AL?\< WE %\LD HAVE LIK$ TO F9D A M>KET ON ! ,CONT95T ( ,EUROPE1 & AL?\< 
    ! 9DU/RIAL LIFE ( ,WE/]N ,EUROPE DEP5D$ UPON COAL FROM ! ,RUHR1 WE C\LD NOT BR+ 
    \RSELVES TO ALL[ ! ,RUHR COAL 9DU/RY TO PRODUCE MORE ?AN A T9Y FRACTION ( :AT IT 
    PRODUC$ BE=E ! ,G]MANS W]E DEFEAT$4 ,! :OLE PHILOSOPHY ( ECONOMIC NATIONALISM1 
    :I* IS N[ UNIV]SAL ?R\<\T ! WORLD1 IS BAS$ UPON ! FALSE BELIEF ?AT ! 
    ECONOMIC 9T]E/ ( ONE NATION IS NECESS>ILY OPPOS$ TO ?AT ( ANO!R4 ,?IS FALSE 
    BELIEF1 BY PRODUC+ 9T]NATIONAL HATR$S & RIVALRIES1 IS A CAUSE ( W>1 & 9 ?IS 
    WAY T5DS TO MAKE ITSELF TRUE1 S9CE :5 W> HAS ONCE BROK5 \T ! CONFLICT ( NATIONAL 
    9T]E/S BECOMES ONLY TOO REAL4 ,IF Y\ TRY TO EXPLA9 TO SOMEONE1 SAY1 9 ! /EEL 
    9DU/RY1 ?AT POSSIBLY PROSP]ITY 9 O!R C\NTRIES MI<T BE ADVANTAGE\S TO HIM1 Y\ 
    WILL F9D IT QUITE IMPOSSIBLE TO MAKE HIM SEE ! >GUM5T1 BECAUSE ! ONLY =EIGN]S ( 
    :OM HE IS VIVIDLY AW>E >E HIS COMPETITORS 9 ! /EEL 9DU/RY4 ,O!R =EIGN]S >E 
    %AD[Y BE+S 9 :OM HE HAS NO EMOTIONAL 9T]E/4 ,?IS IS ! PSY*OLOGICAL ROOT ( 
    ECONOMIC NATIONALISM1 & W>1 & MANMADE />VATION1 & ALL ! O!R EVILS :I* WILL 
    BR+ \R CIVILIZATION TO A DISA/R\S & DISGRACEFUL 5D UNLESS M5 CAN BE 9DUC$ TO 
    TAKE A WID] & LESS HY/]ICAL VIEW ( !IR MUTUAL RELATIONS4 
     

,ANO!R 
    PASSION :I* GIVES RISE TO FALSE BELIEFS ?AT >E POLITICALLY H>MFUL IS PRIDE - PRIDE ( 
    NATIONALLY1 RACE1 SEX1 CLASS1 OR CRE$4 ,:5 ,I WAS Y\NG ,FRANCE WAS /ILL REG>D$ AS ! 
    TRADITIONAL 5EMY ( ,5GL&1 & ,I GA!R$ AS AN UNQUE/IONABLE TRU? ?AT ONE 
    ,5GLI%MAN C\LD DEFEAT ?REE ,FR5*M54 ,:5 ,G]MANY BECAME ! 5EMY ?IS BELIEF WAS 
    MODIFI$ & ,5GLI% PEOPLE CEAS$ TO M5TION D]ISIVELY ! ,FR5* PROP5SITY = EAT+ 
    FROGS4 ,BUT 9 SPITE ( GOV]NM5TAL EF=TS1 ,I ?9K FEW ,5GLI%M5 SUCCE$$ 9 G5U9ELY 
    REG>D+ ! ,FR5* AS !IR EQUALS4 ,AM]ICANS & ,5GLI%M51 :5 !Y BECOME 
    ACQUA9T$ ) ! ,BALKANS1 FEEL AN A/ONI%$ CONTEMPT :5 !Y /UDY ! MUTUAL 
    5MITIES ( ,BULG>IANS & ,S]BS1 OR ,HUNG>IANS & ,RUMANIANS4 ,IT IS EVID5T TO !M ?AT 
    !SE 5MITIES >E ABSURD & ?AT ! BELIEF ( EA* LITTLE NATION 9 ITS [N SUP]IORITY 
    HAS NO OBJECTIVE BASIS4 ,BUT MO/ ( !M >E QUITE UNABLE TO SEE ?AT ! NATIONAL PRIDE 
    ( A ,GREAT ,P[] IS ESS5TIALLY AS UNJU/IFIABLE AS ?AT ( A LITTLE ,BALKAN C\NTRY4 
     

,PRIDE ( 
    RACE IS EV5 MORE H>MFUL ?AN NATIONAL PRIDE4 ,:5 ,I WAS 9 ,*9A ,I WAS /RUCK BY ! 
    FACT ?AT CULTIVAT$ ,*9ESE W]E P]HAPS MORE HI<LY CIVILIZ$ ?AN ANY O!R HUMAN 
    BE+S ?AT IT HAS BE5 MY GOOD =TUNE TO MEET4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ,I F\ND NUMB]S ( GROSS 
    & IGNORANT :ITE M5 :O DESPIS$ EV5 ! BE/ ( ! ,*9ESE SOLELY BECAUSE !IR 
    SK9S W]E YELL[4 ,9 G5]AL1 ! ,BRITI% W]E MORE TO BLAME 9 ?IS ?AN ! ,AM]ICANS1 
    BUT !RE W]E EXCEPTIONS4 ,I WAS ONCE 9 ! COMPANY ( A ,*9ESE S*OL> ( VA/ 
    LE>N+1 NOT ONLY ( ! TRADITIONAL ,*9ESE K9D1 BUT ALSO ( ! K9D TAU<T 9 ,WE/]N 
    UNIV]SITIES1 A MAN ) A BREAD? ( CULTURE :I* ,I SC>CELY HOP$ TO EQUAL4 ,HE & ,I 
    W5T TOGE!R 9TO A G>AGE TO HIRE A MOTOR C>4 ,! G>AGE PROPRIETOR WAS A BAD TYPE ( 
    ,AM]ICAN1 :O TREAT$ MY ,*9ESE FRI5D LIKE DIRT1 CONTEMPTU\SLY ACCUS$ HIM ( BE+ 
    ,JAPANESE1 & MADE MY BLOOD BOIL BY HIS IGNORANT MALEVOL5CE4 ,! SIMIL> ATTITUDE ( ! 
    ,5GLI% 9 ,9DIA1 EXAC]BAT$ BY !IR POLITICAL P[]1 WAS ONE ( ! MA9 CAUSES ( ! 
    FRICTION ?AT >OSE 9 ?AT C\NTRY BETWE5 ! ,BRITI% & ! $UCAT$ ,9DIANS4 ,! 
    SUP]IORITY ( ONE RACE TO ANO!R IS H>DLY EV] BELIEV$ 9 = ANY GOOD REASON4 ,:]E 
    ! BELIEF P]SI/S IT IS KEPT ALIVE BY MILIT>Y SUPREMACY4 ,SO LONG AS ! ,JAPANESE W]E 
    VICTORI\S1 !Y 5T]TA9$ A CONTEMPT = ! :ITE MAN1 :I* WAS ! C\NT]P>T ( 
    ! CONTEMPT ?AT ! :ITE MAN HAD FELT = !M :ILE !Y W]E WEAK4 ,SOMETIMES1 
    H[EV]1 ! FEEL+ ( SUP]IORITY HAS NO?+ TO DO ) MILIT>Y PR[ESS4 ,! ,GREEKS 
    DESPIS$ ! B>B>IANS1 EV5 AT TIMES :5 ! B>B>IANS SURPASS$ !M 9 W>LIKE 
    /R5G?4 ,! MORE 5LI<T5$ AMONG ! ,GREEKS HELD ?AT SLAV]Y WAS JU/IFIABLE SO LONG 
    AS ! MA/]S W]E ,GREEK & ! SLAVES B>B>IAN1 BUT ?AT O!RWISE IT WAS CONTR>Y TO 
    NATURE4 ,! ,JEWS HAD1 9 ANTIQUITY1 A QUITE PECULI> BELIEF 9 !IR [N RACIAL 
    SUP]IORITY2 EV] S9CE ,*RI/IANITY BECAME ! RELIGION ( ! ,/ATE ,G5TILES HAVE HAD AN 
    EQUALLY IRRATIONAL BELIEF 9 !IR SUP]IORITY TO ,JEWS4 ,BELIEFS ( ?IS K9D DO 9F9ITE 
    H>M1 & IT %\LD BE1 BUT IS NOT1 ONE ( ! AIMS ( $UCATION TO ]ADICATE !M4 ,I 
    SPOKE A MOM5T AGO AB\T ! ATTITUDE ( SUP]IORITY ?AT ,5GLI%M5 HAVE P]MITT$ 
    !MSELVES 9 !IR DEAL+S ) ! 9HABITANTS ( ,9DIA1 :I* WAS NATURALLY RES5T$ 
    9 ?AT C\NTRY1 BUT ! CA/E SY/EM >OSE AS A RESULT ( SUCCESSIVE 9VASIONS BY 
    'SUP]IOR' RACES FROM ! ,NOR?1 & IS EV]Y BIT AS OBJECTIONABLE AS :ITE >ROGANCE4 
     

,! BELIEF 
    9 ! SUP]IORITY ( ! MALE SEX1 :I* HAS N[ (FICIALLY DI$ \T 9 ,WE/]N NATIONS1 
    IS A CURI\S EXAMPLE ( ! S9 ( PRIDE4 ,!RE WAS1 ,I ?9K1 NEV] ANY REASON TO BELIEVE 
    9 ANY 9NATE SUP]IORITY ( ! MALE1 EXCEPT HIS SUP]IOR MUSCLE4 ,I REMEMB] ONCE GO+ 
    TO A PLACE :]E !Y KEPT A NUMB] ( P$IGREE BULLS1 & :AT MADE A BULL ILLU/RI\S 
    WAS ! MILK-GIV+ QUALITIES ( HIS FEMALE ANCE/ORS4 ,BUT IF BULLS HAD DRAWN UP ! 
    P$IGREES !Y W\LD HAVE BE5 V]Y DIFF]5T4 ,NO?+ W\LD HAVE BE5 SAID AB\T ! 
    FEMALE ANCE/ORS1 EXCEPT ?AT !Y W]E DOCILE & VIRTU\S1 :]EAS ! MALE ANCE/ORS 
    W\LD HAVE BE5 CELEBRAT$ = !IR SUPREMACY 9 BATTLE4 ,9 ! CASE ( CATTLE WE CAN 
    TAKE A DIS9T]E/$ VIEW ( ! RELATIVE M]ITS ( ! SEXES1 BUT 9 ! CASE ( \R [N 
    SPECIES WE F9D ?IS MORE DIFFICULT4 ,MALE SUP]IORITY 9 =M] DAYS WAS EASILY 
    DEMON/RAT$1 BECAUSE IF A WOMAN QUE/ION$ H] HUSB&'S HE C\LD BEAT H]4 ,FROM 
    SUP]IORITY 9 ?IS RESPECT O!RS W]E ?\<T TO FOLL[4 ,M5 W]E MORE REASONABLE ?AN 
    WOM51 MORE 9V5TIVE1 LESS SWAY$ BY !IR EMOTIONS1 & SO ON4 ,ANATOMI/S1 UNTIL ! 
    WOM5 HAD ! VOTE1 DEVELOP$ A NUMB] ( +5I\S >GUM5TS FROM ! /UDY ( ! BRA9 
    TO %[ ?AT M5'S 9TELLECTUAL CAPACITIES MU/ BE GREAT] ?AN WOM5'S4 ,EA* ( !SE 
    >GUM5TS 9 TURN WAS PROV$ TO BE FALLACI\S1 BUT IT ALWAYS GAVE PLACE TO ANO!R FROM 
    :I* ! SAME CONCLUSION W\LD FOLL[4 ,IT US$ TO BE HELD ?AT ! MALE FETUS ACQUIRES A 
    S\L AFT] SIX WEEKS1 BUT ! FEMALE ONLY AFT] ?REE MON?S4 ,?IS OP9ION ALSO HAS BE5 
    AB&ON$ S9CE WOM5 HAVE HAD ! VOTE4 ,?OMAS ,AQU9AS /ATES P>5!TICALLY1 AS 
    SOME?+ 5TIRELY OBVI\S1 ?AT M5 >E MORE RATIONAL ?AN WOM54 ,= MY P>T1 ,I SEE NO 
    EVID5CE ( ?IS4 ,SOME FEW 9DIVIDUALS HAVE SOME SLI<T GLIMM]+S ( RATIONALITY 9 SOME 
    DIRECTIONS1 BUT SO F> AS MY OBS]VATIONS GO1 SU* GLIMM]+S >E NO COMMON] AMONG M5 
    ?AN AMONG WOM54 
     

,MALE 
    DOM9ATION HAS HAD SOME V]Y UN=TUNATE EFFECTS4 ,IT MADE ! MO/ 9TIMATE ( HUMAN 
    RELATIONS1 ?AT ( M>RIAGE1 ONE ( MA/] & SLAVE1 9/EAD ( ONE BETWE5 EQUAL 
    P>TN]S4 ,IT MADE IT UNNECESS>Y = A MAN TO PLEASE A WOMAN 9 ORD] TO ACQUIRE H] AS 
    HIS WIFE1 & ?US CONF9$ ! >TS ( C\RT%IP TO IRREGUL> RELATIONS4 ,BY ! SECLUSION 
    :I* IT =C$ UPON RESPECTABLE WOM5 IT MADE !M DULL & UN9T]E/+2 ! ONLY WOM5 
    :O C\LD BE 9T]E/+ & ADV5TUR\S W]E SOCIAL \TCA/S4 ,[+ TO ! DULLNESS ( 
    RESPECTABLE WOM51 ! MO/ CIVILIZ$ M5 9 ! MO/ CIVILIZ$ C\NTRIES (T5 BECAME 
    HOMOSEXUAL4 ,[+ TO ! FACT ?AT !RE WAS NO EQUALITY 9 M>RIAGE M5 BECAME CONFIRM$ 
    9 DOM9E]+ HABITS4 ,ALL ?IS HAS N[ MORE OR LESS 5D$ 9 CIVILIZ$ C\NTRIES1 BUT IT 
    WILL BE A LONG TIME BE=E EI!R M5 OR WOM5 LE>N TO ADAPT !IR BEHAVIOR COMPLETELY TO 
    ! NEW /ATE ( AFFAIRS4 ,EMANCIPATION ALWAYS HAS AT FIR/ C]TA9 BAD EFFECTS2 IT LEAVES 
    =M] SUP]IORS SORE & =M] 9F]IORS SELF-ASS]TIVE4 ,BUT IT IS TO BE HOP$ ?AT TIME 
    WILL BR+ ADJU/M5T 9 ?IS MATT] AS 9 O!RS4 
     

,ANO!R 
    K9D ( SUP]IORITY :I* IS RAPIDLY DISAPPE>+ IS ?AT ( CLASS1 :I* N[ SURVIVES 
    ONLY 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA4 ,9 ?AT C\NTRY ! SON ( A PROLET>IAN HAS ADVANTAGES OV] ! 
    SON ( A B\RGEOIS1 BUT ELSE:]E SU* H]$IT>Y PRIVILEGES >E REG>D$ AS UNJU/4 ,! 
    DISAPPE>ANCE ( CLASS DI/9CTION IS1 H[EV]1 F> FROM COMPLETE4 ,9 ,AM]ICA EV]YBODY IS 
    ( OP9ION ?AT HE HAS NO SOCIAL SUP]IORS1 S9CE ALL M5 >E EQUAL1 BUT HE DOES NOT ADMIT 
    ?AT HE HAS NO SOCIAL 9F]IORS1 =1 FROM ! TIME ( ,JEFF]SON ONW>D1 ! DOCTR9E ?AT 
    ALL M5 >E EQUAL APPLIES ONLY UPW>DS1 NOT D[NW>D4 ,!RE IS ON ?IS SUBJECT A PR(\ND 
    & WIDESPREAD HYPOCRISY :5EV] PEOPLE TALK 9 G5]AL T]MS4 ,:AT !Y REALLY ?9K & 
    FEEL CAN BE DISCOV]$ BY READ+ SECOND-RATE NOVELS1 :]E ONE F9DS ?AT IT IS A 
    DREADFUL ?+ TO BE BORN ON ! WRONG SIDE ( ! TRACKS1 & ?AT !RE IS AS MU* FUSS 
    AB\T A MESALLIANCE AS !RE US$ TO BE 9 A SMALL ,G]MAN ,C\RT4 ,SO LONG AS GREAT 
    9EQUALITIES ( WEAL? SURVIVE IT IS NOT EASY TO SEE H[ ?IS CAN BE O!RWISE4 ,9 
    ,5GL&1 :]E SNOBB]Y IS DEEPLY +RA9$1 ! EQUALIZATION ( 9COMES :I* HAS BE5 
    BR\<T AB\T BY ! W> HAS HAD A PR(\ND EFFECT1 & AMONG ! Y\NG ! SNOBB]Y ( 
    !IR ELD]S HAS BEGUN TO SEEM SOME:AT RIDICUL\S4 ,!RE IS /ILL A V]Y L>GE AM\NT ( 
    REGRETTABLE SNOBB]Y 9 ,5GL&1 BUT IT IS CONNECT$ MORE ) $UCATION & MANN] ( 
    SPEE* ?AN ) 9COME OR ) SOCIAL /ATUS 9 ! OLD S5SE4 
     

,PRIDE ( 
    CRE$ IS ANO!R V>IETY ( ! SAME K9D ( FEEL+4 ,:5 ,I HAD REC5TLY RETURN$ FROM 
    ,*9A ,I LECTUR$ ON ?AT C\NTRY TO A NUMB] ( WOM5'S CLUBS 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,!RE WAS ALWAYS 
    ONE ELD]LY WOMAN :O APPE>$ TO BE SLEEP+ ?R\<\T ! LECTURE1 BUT AT ! 5D W\LD 
    ASK ME1 SOME:AT PORT5T\SLY1 :Y ,I HAD OMITT$ TO M5TION ?AT ! ,*9ESE1 BE+ 
    HEA!N1 C\LD ( C\RSE HAVE NO VIRTUES4 ,I IMAG9E ?AT ! ,MORMONS ( ,SALT ,LAKE ,CITY 
    MU/ HAVE HAD A SIMIL> ATTITUDE :5 NON-,MORMONS W]E FIR/ ADMITT$ AMONG !M4 
    ,?R\<\T ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 ,*RI/IANS & ,MOHAMM$ANS W]E 5TIRELY P]SUAD$ ( EA* 
    O!R'S WICK$NESS & W]E 9CAPABLE ( D\BT+ !IR [N SUP]IORITY4 
     

,ALL !SE 
    >E PLEASANT WAYS ( FEEL+ 'GR&'4 ,9 ORD] TO BE HAPPY WE REQUIRE ALL K9DS ( 
    SUPPORTS TO \R SELF-E/EEM4 ,WE >E HUMAN BE+S1 !RE=E HUMAN BE+S >E ! PURPOSE 
    ( CREATION4 ,WE >E ,AM]ICANS1 !RE=E ,AM]ICA IS ,GOD'S [N C\NTRY4 ,WE >E :ITE1 & 
    !RE=E ,GOD CURS$ ,HAM & HIS DESC5DANTS :O W]E BLACK4 ,WE >E ,PROTE/ANT OR 
    ,CA?OLIC1 AS ! CASE MAY BE1 !RE=E ,CA?OLICS OR ,PROTE/ANTS1 AS ! CASE MAY BE1 >E 
    AN ABOM9ATION4 ,WE >E MALE1 & !RE=E WOM5 >E UNREASONABLE2 OR FEMALE1 & 
    !RE=E M5 >E BRUTES4 ,WE >E ,EA/]N]S1 & !RE=E ! ,WE/ IS WILD & WOOLLY2 OR 
    ,WE/]N]S1 & !RE=E ! ,EA/ IS EFFETE4 ,WE WORK ) \R BRA9S1 & !RE=E IT IS 
    ! $UCAT$ CLASSES ?AT >E IMPORTANT2 OR WE WORK ) \R H&S1 & !RE=E MANUAL 
    LABOR ALONE GIVES DIGNITY4 ,F9ALLY1 & ABOVE ALL1 WE EA* HAVE ONE M]IT :I* IS 
    5TIRELY UNIQUE1 WE >E ,\RSELF4 ,) !SE COM=T+ REFLECTIONS WE GO \T TO DO BATTLE 
    ) ! WORLD2 )\T !M \R C\RAGE MI<T FAIL4 ,)\T !M1 AS ?+S >E1 WE 
    %\LD FEEL 9F]IOR BECAUSE WE HAVE NOT LE>N$ ! S5TIM5T ( EQUALITY4 ,IF WE C\LD 
    FEEL G5U9ELY ?AT WE >E ! EQUALS ( \R NEI<BORS1 NEI!R !IR BETT]S NOR !IR 
    9F]IORS1 P]HAPS LIFE W\LD BECOME LESS ( A BATTLE1 & WE %\LD NE$ LESS 9 ! WAY 
    ( 9TOXICAT+ MY? TO GIVE US ,DUT* C\RAGE4 
     

,ONE ( ! 
    MO/ 9T]E/+ & H>MFUL DELUSIONS TO :I* M5 & NATIONS CAN BE SUBJECT$1 IS ?AT 
    ( IMAG9+ !MSELVES SPECIAL 9/RUM5TS ( ! ,DIV9E ,WILL4 ,WE KN[ ?AT :5 ! 
    ,ISRAELITES 9VAD$ ! ,PROMIS$ ,L& IT WAS !Y :O W]E FULFILL+ ! ,DIV9E ,PURPOSE1 
    & NOT ! ,HITTITES1 ! ,GIRGA%ITES1 ! ,AMORITES1 ! ,CANAANITES1 ! ,P]IZITES1 ! 
    ,HIVITES1 OR ! ,JEBBUSITES4 ,P]HAPS IF !SE O!RS HAD WRITT5 LONG HI/ORY BOOKS ! 
    MATT] MI<T HAVE LOOK$ A LITTLE DIFF]5T4 ,9 FACT1 ! ,HITTITES DID LEAVE SOME 
    9SCRIPTIONS1 FROM :I* Y\ W\LD NEV] GUESS :AT AB&ON$ WRET*ES !Y W]E4 ,IT WAS 
    DISCOV]$1 'AFT] ! FACT'1 ?AT ,ROME WAS DE/9$ BY ! GODS = ! CONQUE/ ( ! 
    WORLD4 ,!N CAME ,ISLAM ) ITS FANATICAL BELIEF ?AT EV]Y SOLDI] DY+ 9 BATTLE = 
    ! ,TRUE ,FAI? W5T /RAI<T TO A ,P>ADISE MORE ATTRACTIVE ?AN ?AT ( ! ,*RI/IANS1 AS 
    H\RIS >E MORE ATTRACTIVE ?AN H>PS4 ,CROMWELL WAS P]SUAD$ ?AT HE WAS ! ,DIV9ELY 
    APPO9T$ 9/RUM5T ( JU/ICE = SUPPRESS+ ,CA?OLICS & MALIGNANTS4 ,&REW ,JACKSON 
    WAS ! AG5T ( ,MANIFE/ ,DE/9Y 9 FREE+ ,NOR? ,AM]ICA FROM ! 9CUBUS ( 
    ,SABBA?-BREAK+ ,SPANI>DS4 ,9 \R DAY1 ! SWORD ( ! ,LORD HAS BE5 PUT 9TO ! H&S 
    ( ! ,M>XI/S4 ,HEGEL ?\<T ?AT ! ,DIALECTIC ) FATALI/IC LOGIC HAD GIV5 
    SUPREMACY TO ,G]MANY4 ',NO1'SAID ,M>X1'NOT TO ,G]MANY1BUT TO ! ,PROLET>IAT'4 ,?IS 
    DOCTR9E HAS K9%IP ) ! E>LI] DOCTR9ES ( ! ,*OS5 ,PEOPLE & ,MANIFE/ ,DE/9Y4 
    ,9 ITS *>ACT] ( FATALISM IT HAS VIEW$ ! /RUGGLE ( OPPON5T' AS ONE AGA9/ 
    DE/9Y1 & >GU$ ?AT !RE=E ! WISE MAN W\LD PUT HIMSELF ON ! W9N+ SIDE AS 
    QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE4 ,?AT IS :Y ?IS >GUM5T IS SU* A USEFUL ONE POLITICALLY4 ,! ONLY 
    OBJECTION TO IT IS ?AT IT ASSUMES A KN[L$GE ( ! ,DIV9E PURPOSES TO :I* NO RATIONAL 
    MAN CAN LAY CLAIM1 & ?AT 9 ! EXECUTION ( !M IT JU/IFIES A RU?LESS CRUELTY :I* 
    W\LD BE CONDEMN$ IF \R PROGRAM HAD A M]ELY MUNDANE ORIG94 ,IT IS GOOD TO KN[ ?AT 
    ,GOD IS ON \R SIDE1 BUT A LITTLE CONFUS+ :5 Y\ F9D ! 5EMY EQUALLY CON V9C$ ( 
    ! OPPOSITE4 ,TO QUOTE ! IMMORTAL L9ES ( ! POET DUR+ ! FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>3 
     

,GOTT /RAFE ,5GL&1 & ,GOD SAVE ! ,K+4  

    ,GOD ?IS1 & ,GOD ?AT1 & ,GOD ! O!R ?+4 

    ',GOOD ,GOD1' SAID ,GOD1 ',I'VE GOT MY WORK CUT \T4' 
     

,BELIEF 9 A 
    ,DIV9E MISSION IS ONE ( ! MANY =MS ( C]TA9TY ?AT HAVE AFFLICT$ ! HUMAN RACE4 ,I 
    ?9K P]HAPS ONE ( ! WISE/ ?+S EV] SAID WAS :5 ,CROMWELL SAID TO ! ,SCOTS 
    BE=E ! BATTLE ( ,DUNB>3 ',I BESEE* Y\ 9 ! B[ELS ( ,*RI/1 ?9K IT POSSIBLE 
    ?AT Y\ MAY BE MI/AK54' ,BUT ! ,SCOTS DID NOT1 & SO HE HAD TO DEFEAT !M 9 BATTLE4 
    ,IT IS A PITY ?AT ,CROMWELL NEV] ADDRESS$ ! SAME REM>K TO HIMSELF4 ,MO/ ( ! 
    GREATE/ EVILS ?AT MAN HAS 9FLICT$ UPON MAN HAVE COME ?R\< PEOPLE FEEL+ QUITE 
    C]TA9 AB\T SOME?+ :I*1 9 FACT1 WAS FALSE4 ,TO KN[ ! TRU? IS MORE DIFFICULT 
    ?AN MO/ M5 SUPPOSE1 & TO ACT ) RU?LESS DET]M9ATION 9 ! BELIEF ?AT TRU? IS 
    ! MONOPOLY ( !IR P>TY IS TO 9VITE DISA/]4 ,LONG CALCULATIONS ?AT C]TA9 EVIL 9 
    ! PRES5T IS WOR? 9FLICT+ = ! SAKE ( SOME D\BTFUL B5EFIT 9 ! FUTURE >E 
    ALWAYS TO BE VIEW$ ) SUSPICION1 =1 AS ,%AKESPE>E SAYS3 ',:AT'S TO COME IS /ILL 
    UNSURE4' ,EV5 ! %REWDE/ M5 >E APT TO BE WILDLY A/RAY IF !Y PROPHESY SO MU* AS 
    T5 YE>S AHEAD4 ,SOME PEOPLE WILL CONSID] ?IS DOCTR9E IMMORAL1 BUT AFT] ALL IT IS ! 
    ,GOSPEL :I* SAYS 'TAKE NO ?\<T = ! MORR['4 
     

,9 PUBLIC1 
    AS 9 PRIVATE LIFE1 ! IMPORTANT ?+ IS TOL]ANCE & K9DL9ESS1 )\T ! 
    PRESUMPTION ( A SUP]HUMAN ABILITY TO READ ! FUTURE4 
     

,9/EAD ( 
    CALL+ ?IS ESSAY ',IDEAS ?AT HAVE H>M$ MANK9D'1 ,I MI<T P]HAPS HAVE CALL$ IT SIMPLY 
    ',IDEAS HAVE H>M$ MANK9D'1 =1 SEE+ ?AT ! FUTURE CANNOT BE =ETOLD & ?AT !RE 
    IS AN ALMO/ 5DLESS V>IETY ( POSSIBLE BELIEFS AB\T IT1 ! *ANCE ?AT ANY BELIEF 
    :I* A MAN MAY HOLD MAY BE TRUE IS V]Y SL5D]4 ,:ATEV] Y\ ?9K IS GO+ TO HAPP5 
    T5 YE>S H5CE1 UNLESS IT IS SOME?+ LIKE ! SUN RIS+ TOMORR[ ?AT HAS NO?+ TO 
    DO ) HUMAN RELATIONS1 Y\ >E ALMO/ SURE TO BE WRONG4 ,I F9D ?IS ?\<T CONSOL+ 
    :5 ,I REMEMB] SOME GLOOMY PROPHESIES ( :I* ,I MYSELF HAVE RA%LY BE5 GUILTY4 
     

,BUT Y\ 
    WILL SAY3 H[ IS /ATESMAN%IP POSSIBLE EXCEPT ON ! ASSUMPTION ?AT ! FUTURE CAN BE TO 
    SOME EXT5T =ETOLD_> ,I ADMIT ?AT SOME DEGREE ( PREVISION IS NECESS>Y1 & ,I AM NOT 
    SUGGE/+ ?AT WE >E COMPLETELY IGNORANT4 ,IT IS A FAIR PROPHECY ?AT IF Y\ TELL A MAN 
    HE IS A KNAVE & A FOOL HE WILL NOT LOVE Y\1 & IT IS A FAIR PROPHECY ?AT IF Y\ SAY 
    ! SAME ?+ TO SEV5TY MILLION PEOPLE !Y WILL NOT LOVE Y\4 ,IT IS SAFE TO ASSUME ?AT 
    CUT?ROAT COMPETITION WILL NOT PRODUCE A FEEL+ ( GOOD FELL[%IP BETWE5 ! 
    COMPETITORS4 ,IT IS HI<LY PROBABLE ?AT IF TWO ,/ATES EQUIPP$ ) MOD]N >MAM5T FACE 
    EA* O!R ACROSS A FRONTI]1 & IF !IR LEAD+ /ATESM5 DEVOTE !MSELVES TO MUTUAL 
    9SULTS1 ! POPULATION ( EA* SIDE WILL 9 TIME BECOME N]V\S1 & ONE SIDE WILL ATTACK 
    = FE> ( ! O!R DO+ SO4 ,IT IS SAFE TO ASSUME ?AT A GREAT MOD]N W> WILL NOT 
    RAISE ! LEVEL ( PROSP]ITY EV5 AMONG ! VICTORS4 ,SU* G5]ALIZATIONS >E NOT 
    DIFFICULT TO KN[4 ,:AT IS DIFFICULT IS TO =ESEE 9 DETAIL ! LONG-RUN CONSEQU5CES ( 
    A CONCRETE POLICY4 ,BISM>CK ) EXTREME A/UT5ESS WON ?REE W>S & UNIFI$ ,G]MANY4 
    ,! LONG RUN RESULT ( HIS POLICY HAS BE5 ?AT ,G]MANY HAS SUFF]$ TWO COLOSSAL DEFEATS4 
    ,!SE RESULT$ BECAUSE HE TAU<T ,G]MANS TO BE 9DIFF]5T TO ! 9T]E/S ( ALL 
    C\NTRIES EXCEPT ,G]MANY1 & G5]AT$ AN AGGRESSIVE SPIRIT :I* 9 ! 5D UNIT$ ! 
    WORLD AGA9/ HIS SUCCESSORS4 ,SELFI%NESS BEYOND A PO9T1 :E!R 9DIVIDUAL OR NATIONAL1 
    IS NOT WISE4 ,IT MAY ) LUCK SUCCE$1 BUT IF IT FAILS FAILURE IS T]RIBLE4 ,FEW M5 WILL 
    RUN ?IS RISK UNLESS !Y >E SUPPORT$ BY A !ORY1 = IT IS ONLY !ORY ?AT MAKES M5 
    COMPLETELY 9CAUTI\S4 
     

,PASS+ 
    FROM ! MORAL TO ! PURELY 9TELLECTUAL PO9T ( VIEW1 WE HAVE TO ASK \RSELVES :AT 
    SOCIAL SCI5CE CAN DO 9 ! WAY ( E/ABLI%+ SU* CAUSAL LAWS AS %\LD BE A HELP TO 
    /ATESM5 9 MAK+ POLITICAL DECISIONS4 ,SOME ?+S ( REAL IMPORTANCE HAVE BEGUN TO BE 
    KN[N1 = EXAMPLE H[ TO AVOID SLUMPS & L>GE-SCALE UNEMPLOYM5T SU* AS AFFLICT$ ! 
    WORLD AFT] ! LA/ W>4 ,IT IS ALSO N[ G5]ALLY KN[N BY ?OSE :O HAVE TAK5 ! 
    TR\BLE TO LOOK 9TO ! MATT] ?AT ONLY AN 9T]NATIONAL GOV]NM5T CAN PREV5T W>1 & 
    ?AT CIVILIZATION IS H>DLY LIKELY TO SURVIVE MORE ?AN ONE MORE GREAT W>1 IF ?AT4 ,BUT 
    AL?\< !SE ?+S >E KN[N1 ! KN[L$GE IS NOT EFFECTIVE2 IT HAS NOT P5ETRAT$ TO 
    ! GREAT MASSES ( M51 & IT IS NOT /RONG 5\< TO CONTROL S9I/] 9T]E/S4 ,!RE 
    IS1 9 FACT1 A GREAT DEAL MORE SOCIAL SCI5CE ?AN POLITICIANS >E WILL+ OR ABLE TO 
    APPLY4 ,SOME PEOPLE ATTRIBUTE ?IS FAILURE TO DEMOCRACY1 BUT-IT SEEMS TO ME TO BE MORE 
    M>K$ 9 AUTOCRACY ?AN ANY:]E ELSE4 ,BELIEF 9 DEMOCRACY1 H[EV]1 LIKE ANY O!R 
    BELIEF1 MAY BE C>RI$ TO ! PO9T :]E IT BECOMES FANATICAL1 & !RE=E H>MFUL4 ,A 
    DEMOCRAT NE$ NOT BELIEVE ?AT ! MAJORITY WILL ALWAYS DECIDE WISELY2 :AT HE MU/ 
    BELIEVE IS ?AT ! DECISION ( ! MAJORITY1 :E!R WISE OR UNWISE1 MU/ BE ACCEPT$ 
    UNTIL SU* TIME AS ! MAJORITY DECIDES O!RWISE4 ,& ?IS HE BELIEVES NOT FROM ANY 
    MY/IC CONCEPTION ( ! WISDOM ( ! PLA9 MAN1 BUT AS ! BE/ PRACTICAL DEVICE = 
    PUTT+ ! REIGN ( LAW 9 PLACE ( ! REIGN ( >BITR>Y =CE4 ,NOR DOES ! DEMOCRAT 
    NECESS>ILY BELIEVE ?AT DEMOCRACY IS ! BE/ SY/EM ALWAYS & EV]Y:]E4 ,!RE >E 
    MANY NATIONS :I* LACK ! SELF-RE/RA9T & POLITICAL EXP]I5CE ?AT >E REQUIR$ = 
    ! SUCCESS ( P>LIAM5T>Y 9/ITUTIONS1 :]E ! DEMOCRAT1 :ILE HE W\LD WI% !M TO 
    ACQUIRE ! NECESS>Y POLITICAL $UCATION1 WILL RECOGNIZE ?AT IT IS USELESS TO ?RU/ 
    UPON !M PREMATURELY A SY/EM :I* IS ALMO/ C]TA9 TO BREAK D[N4 ,9 POLITICS1 AS 
    ELSE:]E1 IT DOES NOT DO TO DEAL 9 ABSOLUTES2 :AT IS GOOD 9 ONE TIME & PLACE MAY BE 
    BAD 9 ANO!R1 & :AT SATISFIES ! POLITICAL 9/9CTS ( ONE NATION MAY TO ANO!R 
    SEEM :OLLY FUTILE4 ,! G5]AL AIM ( ! DEMOCRAT IS TO SUB/ITUTE GOV]NM5T BY G5]AL 
    ASS5T = GOV]NM5T BY =CE1 BUT ?IS REQUIRES A POPULATION ?AT HAS UND]GONE A 
    C]TA9 K9D ( TRA9+4 ,GIV5 A NATION DIVID$ 9TO TWO NE>LY EQUAL PORTIONS :I* HATE 
    EA* O!R & LONG TO FLY AT EA* O!R'S ?ROATS1 ?AT PORTION :I* IS JU/ LESS ?AN 
    HALF WILL NOT SUBMIT TAMELY TO ! DOM9ATION ( ! O!R PORTION1 NOR WILL ! PORTION 
    :I* IS JU/ MORE ?AN HALF %[1 9 ! MOM5T ( VICTORY1 ! K9D ( MOD]ATION :I* 
    MI<T HEAL ! BREA*4 

,! WORLD AT ! PRES5T DAY /&S 
    9 NE$ ( TWO K9DS ( ?+S4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 ORGANIZATION - POLITICAL ORGANIZATION = 
    ! ELIM9ATION ( W>S1 ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION TO 5ABLE M5 TO WORK PRODUCTIVELY1 
    ESPECIALLY 9 ! C\NTRIES ?AT HAVE BE5 DEVA/AT$ BY W>1 $UCATIONAL ORGANIZATION TO 
    G5]ATE A SANE 9T]NATIONALISM4 ,ON ! O!R H& IT NE$S C]TA9 MORAL QUALITIES ! 
    QUALITIES :I* HAVE BE5 ADVOCAT$ BY MORALI/S = MANY AGES1 BUT HI!RTO ) LITTLE 
    SUCCESS4 ,! QUALITIES MO/ NE$$ >E *>ITY & TOL]ANCE1 NOT SOME =M ( FANATICAL 
    FAI? SU* AS IS (F]$ TO US BY ! V>I\S RAMPANT ISMS4 ,I ?9K !SE TWO AIMS1 ! 
    ORGANIZATIONAL & ! E?ICAL1 >E CLOSELY 9T]WOV52 GIV5 EI!R ! O!R W\LD SOON 
    FOLL[4 ,BUT1 9 EFFECT1 IF ! WORLD IS TO MOVE 9 ! RI<T DIRECTION IT WILL HAVE TO 
    MOVE SIMULTANE\SLY 9 BO? RESPECTS4 ,!RE WILL HAVE TO BE A GRADUAL LESS5+ ( ! 
    EVIL PASSIONS :I* >E ! NATURAL AFT]MA? ( W>1 & A GRADUAL 9CREASE ( ! 
    ORGANIZATIONS BY MEANS ( :I* MANK9D CAN BR+ EA* O!R MUTUAL HELP4 ,!RE WILL HAVE 
    TO BE A REALIZATION AT ONCE 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL ?AT WE >E ALL ONE FAMILY1 & ?AT 
    ! HAPP9ESS ( NO ONE BRAN* ( ?IS FAMILY CAN BE BUILT SECURELY UPON ! RU9 ( 
    ANO!R4 ,AT ! PRES5T TIME1 MORAL DEFECTS /& 9 ! WAY ( CLE> ?9K+1 & 
    MUDDL$ ?9K+ 5C\RAGES MORAL DEFECTS4 ,P]HAPS1 ?\< ,I SC>CELY D>E TO HOPE IT1 ! 
    HYDROG5 BOMB WILL T]RIFY MANK9D 9TO SANITY & TOL]ANCE4 ,IF ?IS %\LD HAPP5 WE 
    %ALL HAVE REASON TO BLESS ITS 9V5TORS4 
    4 
   

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bag 3 ,IDEAS ,?AT ,HAVE ,H>M$ ,MANK9D -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,IDEAS ,?AT ,HAVE ,H>M$ ,MANK9D -- ,UPDAT$4 

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