,ILLNESS & ,CAPITALISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALFR$O ,M>IA ,BONANNO 

,TEXT 3 

,ILLNESS1 I4E4A FAULTY FUNCTION+ ( ! ORGANISM1 IS NOT PECULI> TO MAN4 ,ANIMALS ALSO GET ILL1 & EV5 ?+S CAN 9 !IR [N WAY PRES5T DEFECTS 9 FUNCTION+4 ,! IDEA ( ILLNESS AS ABNORMALITY IS ! CLASSIC ONE ?AT WAS DEVELOP$ BY M$ICAL SCI5CE4 

,! RESPONSE TO ILLNESS1 MA9LY ?ANKS TO ! POSITIVI/ IDEOLOGY :I* /ILL DOM9ATES M$IC9E TODAY1 IS ?AT ( ! CURE1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 AN EXT]NAL 9T]V5TION *OS5 FROM SPECIFIC PRACTICES1 AIM$ AT RE/OR+ ! CONDITIONS ( A GIV5 IDEA ( NORMALITY4 

,YET IT W\LD BE A MI/AKE TO ?9K ?AT ! SE>* = ! CAUSES ( ILLNESS HAS ALWAYS RUN P>ALLEL TO ?IS SCI5TIFIC NE$ TO RE/ORE NORMALITY4 ,= C5TURIES REM$IES DID NOT GO H& 9 H& ) ! /UDY ( CAUSES1 :I* AT TIMES W]E ABSOLUTELY FANTA/ICAL4 ,REM$IES HAD !IR [N LOGIC1 ESPECIALLY :5 BAS$ ON EMPIRICAL KN[L$GE ( ! =CES ( NATURE4 

,9 MORE REC5T TIMES A CRITIQUE ( ! SECT>IANISM ( SCI5CE1 9CLUD+ M$IC9E1 HAS BAS$ ITSELF ON ! IDEA ( MAN'S TOTALITY3 AN 5TITY MADE UP ( V>I\S NATURAL ELEM5TS--9TELLECTUAL1 ECONOMIC1 SOCIAL1 CULTURAL1 POLITICAL & SO ON4 ,IT IS 9 ?IS NEW P]SPECTIVE ?AT ! MAT]IALI/ & DIALECTICAL HYPO!SIS ( ,M>XISM 9S]T$ ITSELF4 ,! V>I\SLY DESCRIB$ TOTALITY ( ! NEW1 REAL MAN NO LONG] DIVID$ UP 9TO ! SECTORS ?AT ! OLD POSITIVISM HAD GOT US US$ TO1 WAS AGA9 5CAPSULAT$ 9 A ONE-WAY DET]M9ISM BY ! ,M>XI/S4 ,! CAUSE ( ILLNESS WAS ?US CONSID]$ TO BE DUE EXCLUSIVELY TO CAPITALISM :I*1 BY ALI5AT+ MAN ?R\< WORK1 EXPOS$ HIM TO A DI/ORT$ RELATION%IP ) NATURE & 'NORMALITY'1 ! O!R SIDE ( ILLNESS4 

,9 \R OP9ION NEI!R ! POSITIVI/ !SIS ?AT SEES ILLNESS AS BE+ DUE TO A FAULTY FUNCTION+ ( ! ORGANISM1 NOR ! ,M>XI/ ONE ?AT SEES EV]Y?+ AS BE+ DUE TO ! MISDE$S ( CAPITALISM IS SUFFICI5T4 

,?+S >E A LITTLE MORE COMPLICAT$ ?AN ?AT4 

,BASICALLY1 WE CANNOT SAY ?AT !RE W\LD NO LONG] BE SU* A ?+ AS ILLNESS 9 A LIB]AT$ SOCIETY4 ,NOR CAN WE SAY ?AT 9 ?AT HAPPY EV5T ILLNESS W\LD R$UCE ITSELF TO A SIMPLE WEAK5+ ( SOME HYPO!TICAL =CE ?AT IS /ILL TO BE DISCOV]$4 ,WE ?9K ?AT ILLNESS IS P>T ( ! NATURE ( MAN'S /ATE ( LIV+ 9 SOCIETY1 I4E4 CORRESPONDS TO A C]TA9 PRICE TO BE PAID = CORRECT+ A LITTLE ( NATURE'S OPTIMAL CONDITIONS 9 ORD] TO OBTA9 ! >TIFICIALITY NECESS>Y TO BUILD EV5 ! FREE/ ( SOCIETIES4 

,C]TA9LY1 ! EXPON5TIAL GR[? ( ILLNESS 9 A FREE SOCIETY :]E >TIFICIALITY BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS W\LD BE R$UC$ TO ! /RICTLY 9DISP5SABLE1 W\LD NOT BE COMP>ABLE TO ?AT 9 A SOCIETY BAS$ ON EXPLOITATION1 SU* AS ! ONE 9 :I* WE >E LIV+ N[4 ,IT FOLL[S FROM ?IS ?AT ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ILLNESS IS AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( ! CLASS CONFLICT4 ,NOT SO MU* BECAUSE ILLNESS IS CAUS$ BY CAPITAL--:I* W\LD BE A DET]M9I/IC1 !RE=E UNACCEPTABLE1 /ATEM5T--BUT BECAUSE A FRE] SOCIETY W\LD BE DIFF]5T4 ,EV5 9 ITS NEGATIVITY IT W\LD BE CLOS] TO LIFE1 TO BE+ HUMAN4 ,SO ILLNESS W\LD BE AN EXPRESSION ( \R HUMANITY JU/ AS IT IS ! EXPRESSION ( \R T]RIFY+ 9HUMANITY TODAY4 ,?IS IS :Y WE HAVE NEV] AGRE$ ) ! SOME:AT SIMPLI/IC !SIS ?AT C\LD BE SUMM$ UP 9 ! PHRASE 0MAKE ILLNESS A WEAPON01 EV5 ?\< IT IS ONE ?AT DES]VES RESPECT1 ESPECIALLY AS F> AS M5TAL ILLNESS IS CONC]N$4 ,IT IS NOT REALLY POSSIBLE TO PROPOSE TO ! PATI5T A CURE ?AT IS BAS$ EXCLUSIVELY ON ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! CLASS 5EMY4 ,H]E ! SIMPLIFICATION W\LD BE ABSURD4 ,ILLNESS ALSO MEANS SUFF]+1 PA91 CONFUSION1 UNC]TA9TY1 D\BT1 SOLITUDE1 & !SE NEGATIVE ELEM5TS DO NOT LIMIT !MSELVES TO ! BODY1 BUT ALSO ATTACK CONSCI\SNESS & ! WILL4 ,TO DRAW UP PROGRAMS ( /RUGGLE ON SU* A BASIS W\LD BE QUITE UNREAL & T]RIFY+LY 9HUMAN4 

,BUT ILLNESS CAN BECOME A WEAPON IF ONE UND]/&S IT BO? 9 ITS CAUSES & EFFECTS4 ,IT CAN BE IMPORTANT = ME TO UND]/& :AT ! EXT]NAL CAUSES ( MY ILLNESS >E3 CAPITALI/S & EXPLOIT]S1 ,/ATE & CAPITAL4 ,BUT ?AT IS NOT 5\<4 ,I ALSO NE$ TO CL>IFY MY RELATION%IP ) MY ILLNESS1 :I* MI<T NOT ONLY BE SUFF]+1 PA9 & DEA?4 ,IT MI<T ALSO BE A MEANS BY :I* TO UND]/& MYSELF & O!RS BETT]1 AS WELL AS ! REALITY ?AT SURR\NDS ME & :AT NE$S TO BE DONE TO TRANS=M IT1 & ALSO GET A BETT] GRASP ( REVOLUTION>Y \TLETS4 ,! MI/AKES ?AT HAVE BE5 MADE 9 ! PA/ ON ?IS SUBJECT COME FROM LACK ( CL>ITY DUE TO ! ,M>XI/ 9T]PRETATION4 ,?AT WAS BAS$ ON ! CLAIM TO E/ABLI% A DIRECT RELATION%IP BETWE5 ILLNESS & CAPITAL4 ,WE ?9K TODAY ?AT ?IS RELATION%IP %\LD BE 9DIRECT1 I4E4 BY BECOM+ AW>E ( ILLNESS1 NOT ( ILLNESS 9 G5]AL AS A CONDITION ( ABNORMALITY1 BUT ( MY ILLNESS AS A COMPON5T ( MY LIFE1 AN ELEM5T ( MY NORMALITY4 

,& !N1 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ?IS ILLNESS4 ,EV5 IF NOT ALL /RUGGLES 5D 9 VICTORY4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,DECEMB] #a#b1 #bb 3 ,ILLNESS & ,CAPITALISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,ILLNESS & ,CAPITALISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

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