,9 ,DEF5SE ( ! ,/UD5T ,MOVEM5T 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY 

,TEXT 3 

,! /UD5T MOVEM5T TODAY IS ! ONE ORGANIZ$1 SIGNIFICANT SEGM5T ( ! 9TELLECTUAL COMMUNITY ?AT HAS A REAL & ACTIVE COMMITM5T TO ! K9D ( SOCIAL *ANGE ?AT \R SOCIETY DESP]ATELY NE$S4 ,DEVELOPM5TS N[ TAK+ PLACE MAY LEAD TO ITS DE/RUCTION1 9 P>T ?R\< REPRESSION1 9 P>T ?R\< :AT ,I ?9K >E RA!R FOOLI% TACTICS ON ! P>T ( ! /UD5T MOVEM5T ITSELF4 ,I ?9K ?IS W\LD BE A GREAT1 P]HAPS IRREP>ABLE1 LOSS4 ,& ,I ?9K IF IT DOES TAKE PLACE ! BLAME WILL L>GELY FALL ON ! LIB]AL 5LI<T5$ COMMUNITY ?AT HAS P]MITT$ A SITUATION TO >ISE 9 :I* ! MO/ COMMITT$1 S9C]E1 & MO/ SOCIALLY ACTIVE ( Y\NG PEOPLE >E P]HAPS WORK+ !MSELVES 9TO A POSITION AT ! 5D ( A LIMB1 FROM :I* !Y MAY BE SAW$ (F AT GREAT CO/ TO ALL ( US & TO SOCIETY AS A :OLE4 

,ONE DEVELOPM5T ?AT MAKES ME FEEL ?AT ?IS MATT] IS ( CRUCIAL IMPORTANCE RI<T N[ IS ! RISE ON ! CAMPUSES ( A GR[+ MOVEM5T ?AT ,I ?9K IS QUITE ILL-CONCEIV$ & ?AT MAY LEAD TO REPRESSION ( /UD5T ACTIVISM & DE/RUCTION ( :AT ,I DEEM ! FEW POSSIBILITIES = SIGNIFICANT SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,I HAVE 9 M9D A LETT] 7:I* ,I DID NOT RECEIVE1 ?\< A NUMB] ( MY COLLEAGUES DID7 FROM ! ,COORD9AT+ ,C5T] = ,DEMOCRATIC ,OP9ION HEAD$ BY ,SIDNEY ,HOOK & A NUMB] ( O!R PEOPLE4 .<,! ORGANIZATION IS N[ CALL$ ,UNIV]SITY ,C5T]S = ,RATIONAL ,ALT]NATIVES4.> ,! LETT] CALLS UPON PEOPLE TO JO9 ?IS ORGANIZATION1 ! GOALS ( :I* 0WILL BE TO DEF5D ACADEMIC FRE$OM AGA9/ EXTREMISM1 TO PROMOTE ! ACTIVISM ( NON-EXTREMI/S 9 ALL ASPECTS ( CIVIC AFFAIRS1 TO FO/] RATIONAL TREATM5T ( CONTEMPOR>Y PROBLEMS1 & TO COMBAT ATTACKS ON ! DEMOCRATIC PROCESS10 P>TICUL>LY 0T]RORI/ ATTACKS & MULTIPLE V>IETIES ( PUTS*ISM0 SU* AS AT ,SAN ,FRANCISCO ,/ATE1 & ALSO 0MANY O!R EXTREMI/ RESORTS TO DISRUPTION1 ,9TIMIDATION & VIOL5CE10 ALL ( :I* AM\NT TO A 0NEW ,MC,C>?YISM ( ! LEFT40 ,! LETT] SPEAKS ( ! DANG]S ( APPEAS+ ?IS MOVEM5T1 PO9T+ \T ?AT APPEASEM5T IS BO? 0MORALLY 9TOL]ABLE & PRACTICALLY DISA/R\S40 ,& IT SAYS ?AT 0! MA9 ?RU/0 ( ! NEW ORGANIZATION IS TO BE 0TO PROTECT & ADVANCE ! FRE$OM & DEMOCRATIC 9TEGRITY ( ACADEMIC LIFE10 TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! 0EXTREMI/ *ALL5GE10 0TO SUPPORT ! UNIV]SITY AS AN OP5 C5T] ( FREE ?\<T & SPEE* - AS A MEET+ H\SE ( MANY VIEWPO9TS - NOT AS AN 5CLAVE ( 5=C$ CON=MITY OR A TOTALIT>IAN BEA*HEAD 9 A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY40 

,IT W\LD BE V]Y DIFFICULT TO F9D ANYONE :O W\LD REJECT !SE GOALS4 ,IT W\LD BE DIFFICULT TO F9D ANYONE :O W\LD BE 9 FAVOR ( A UNIV]SITY ?AT W\LD BE AN 05CLAVE ( 5=C$ CON=MITY0 OR :O W\LD OPPOSE ! VIEW ?AT ! UNIV]SITY %\LD BE 0AN OP5 C5T] ( FREE ?\<T & SPEE*40 ,BUT 9 ANO!R & MORE S]I\S S5SE IT REPRES5TS1 ,I ?9K1 AN EXTREMELY DANG]\S1 EV5 P]HAPS VICI\S DEVELOPM5T2 NO D\BT 9ADV]T5TLY1 BUT ,I ?9K OBJECTIVELY4 ,:5 ,I SEE ?+S ( ?IS SORT1 :AT IMM$IATELY COMES TO M9D IS SOME ADVICE ?AT ,A4 ,J4 ,MU/E GAVE TO PACIFI/S AB\T A HALF C5TURY AGO4 ,HE SAID ?AT !IR TASK IS TO 

D5\NCE ! VIOL5CE ON :I* ! PRES5T SY/EM IS BAS$ & ALL ! EVIL1 MAT]IAL & SPIRITUAL1 ?IS 5TAILS = ! MASSES ( M5 ?R\<\T ! WORLD4 ,SO LONG AS WE >E NOT DEAL+ HONE/LY & ADEQUATELY ) ?IS #i P] C5T ( \R PROBLEM1 !RE IS SOME?+ LUDICR\S - & P]HAPS HYPOCRITICAL - AB\T \R CONC]N OV] ! T5 P] C5T ( VIOL5CE EMPLOY$ BY ! REBELS AGA9/ OPPRESSION4 

,I ?9K ?AT'S A S5SIBLE REM>K4 ,& 9 FACT1 EV5 IF ! CRITICISM ( 0,MC,C>?YISM ( ! LEFT0 CONTA9$ 9 ?IS LETT] & SIMIL> /ATEM5TS W]E 5TIRELY ACCURATE1 /ILL ,I ?9K ,MU/E'S WORDS W\LD BE QUITE APPROPRIATE4 ,IT W\LD BE SURPRIS+ ?AT ?AT MU* ATT5TION %\LD BE GIV5 TO ?IS M9USCULE ELEM5T 9 ! PROBLEMS ( SOCIETY & ! PROBLEMS ( ! UNIV]SITY4 

,I WANT TO APOLOGIZE 9 ADVANCE BECAUSE LAT] ,I AM GO+ TO DO SOME?+1 9 ,MU/E'S WORDS1 0LUDICR\S & P]HAPS HYPOCRITICAL02 NAMELY1 SP5D P>T ( ?IS DISCUSSION ON AN 9F9ITESIMAL P>T ( ! PROBLEMS ?AT FACE ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY & 9 P>TICUL> ! UNIV]SITIES3 T5D5CIES 9 ! /UD5T MOVEM5T ?AT /RIKE ME AS IRRATIONAL & OBJECTIONABLE & PROBABLY ULTIMATELY SUICIDAL4 ,MY REASON = DO+ ?IS IS PRECISELY BECAUSE ,I ?9K ?AT ! /UD5T MOVEM5T DOES HAVE A HI/ORIC MISSION1 & ,I ?9K IT W\LD BE A GREAT TRAG$Y IF ! T5D5CIES TO :I* ,I HAVE REF]R$ W]E TO LEAD IT 9TO SU* DISA/] ?AT ?IS MISSION WILL NOT BE FULFILL$4 ,!RE'S NO O!R =CE 9 SOCIETY ?AT ,I SEE FROM :I* ONE CAN HOPEFULLY EXPECT ?AT A COMP>ABLE A*IEVEM5T WILL COME4 

,BUT BE=E TURN+ TO ?IS IMPORTANT ?\< M>G9AL ASPECT ( \R PRES5T SOCIAL PROBLEMS1 LET ME REF]1 OBVI\SLY 9ADEQUATELY1 TO :AT SEEM TO ME ! REAL PROBLEMS4 ,! BASIC PROBLEM IS 9DICAT$ BY ! FACT ?AT S9CE ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I1 \R SOCIETY HAS DEVOT$ SOME?+ OV] A TRILLION DOLL>S TO :AT IS EUPHEMI/ICALLY CALL$ 0DEF5SE0 & UNKN[N ADDITIONAL AM\NTS TO SUBV]SION4 ,WE HAVE 9T]V5$ ) MILIT>Y =CE TO OV]?R[ GOV]NM5TS ?AT WE ADMIT W]E POPUL> & LEGALLY CON/ITUT$ & TO MA9TA9 9 P[] REPRESSIVE DICTATOR%IPS ?R\<\T ! WORLD ?AT >E WILL+ TO SUBORD9ATE !MSELVES TO \R 9T]E/S4 ,& FUR!RMORE WE HAVE AT LEA/ ONCE C]TA9LY1 & P]HAPS SEV]AL TIMES1 BR\<T ! WORLD P]IL\SLY CLOSE TO NUCLE> DE/RUCTION4 ,WORSE /ILL1 WE CONT9UE TO ACCEPT AS LEGITIMATE ! PR9CIPLES ON ! BASIS ( :I* ?OSE DECISIONS W]E MADE4 ,SO WE CAN EXPECT ! SITUATION TO RECUR4 

,IT'S REM>KABLE ?AT LIB]ALS & CONS]VATIVES ALIKE1 JU/ AB\T ALL ?OSE 9 ! MA9/REAM ( OP9ION1 APPLAUD ?IS SPL5DID P]=MANCE4 ,!RE IS V]Y LITTLE S]I\S CRITICISM ( ! DECISIONS ?AT W]E MADE1 LET US SAY1 DUR+ ! ,CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS1 :5 WE DID BR+ ! WORLD V]Y CLOSE TO TOTAL DE/RUCTION 9 ORD] TO E/ABLI% ! PR9CIPLE ?AT WE HAVE A RI<T TO HAVE MISSILES ON ! BORD]S ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION :ILE !Y DO NOT HAVE ! SAME RI<T TO HAVE MISSILES ON \R BORD]4 ,ONE F9DS LITTLE CRITICISM ( ?AT PR9CIPLE1 LITTLE M5TION ( ! CRIM9AL 9SANITY ( ?OSE WILL+ TO RISK NUCLE> W> TO DEF5D SU* A PR9CIPLE1 )9 ! MA9/REAM ( OP9ION4 ,:AT Y\ F9D RA!R >E /ATEM5TS LIKE ?OSE ( ,PRESID5TIAL HI/ORIAN ,?OMAS ,BAILEY1 :O REF]S TO ?IS AS A HI< PO9T ( ! ,K5N$Y ,ADM9I/RATION3 :5 ,K5N$Y %[$ ?AT HE KNEW H[ TO PLAY 0NUCLE> *ICK540 

,! DANG]S ( NUCLE> W> & ITS CONSEQU5CES >E OBVI\SLY IMM5SE & REQUIRE NO COMM5T4 ,BUT ! PROBLEM ( REPRESSION1 ( ! 9/ITUTION ( DICTATORIAL =MS1 IS ONE ?AT DEF9ITELY CAN BE TALK$ AB\T & IS V]Y S]I\S4 ,= EXAMPLE1 LA/ YE> !RE WAS A GOOD DEAL ( REPORT+ 9 ! PAP]S AB\T POLITICAL DEVELOPM5TS 9 ,?AIL&4 ,BUT !RE W]E A NUMB] ( ?+S ?AT W]E NOT M5TION$ 9 !SE REPORTS4 ,9 P>TICUL> !RE WAS A LONG REPORT 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES AB\T ! SUDD5 REAPPE>ANCE 9 ,PEK+ ( A MAN NAM$ ,PRIDI ,PHANOMYONG1 :O WAS SIMPLY ID5TIFI$ AS A ,COMMUNI/ ,?AI LEAD] :O HAD SUDD5LY COME 9TO SOME PROM95CE 9 ,*9A4 ,!RE IS AN 9T]E/+ BACKGR\ND1 NOT REPORT$ 9 ! /ORY1 TO HIS APPE>ANCE 9 ,PEK+4 

,IF ONE LOOKS 9TO ! HI/ORY ( !SE DEVELOPM5TS1 ONE F9DS SOME IMPORTANT ?+S4 ,9 #aicb ,PRIDI ,PHANOMYONG WAS LEAD] ( ! LIB]AL RE=M MOVEM5T ?AT TRI$ TO 9TRODUCE P>LIAM5T>Y 9/ITUTIONS 9TO ,?AIL& & OV]?REW ! ABSOLUTE MON>*Y4 ,HE HIMSELF WAS OV]?R[N %ORTLY AFT]W>DS1 !N DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> #aa F\<T TOGE!R ) ! ,AM]ICAN ,O,S,S 9 ! 0,FREE ,?AI0 GU]RILLA MOVEM5T AGA9/ ! ,JAPANESE1 :ILE ,?AIL& WAS UND] ! RULE ( A BASICALLY FASCI/ DICTATOR :O HAD AN ALLIANCE ) ,JAPAN4 ,9 #a#i#d#f-#g ,PRIDI L$ A LIB]AL P>LIAM5T>Y RE=M MOVEM5T & WON ,?AIL&'S ONLY MORE-OR-LESS FREE ELECTION 9 HI/ORY4 ,BUT HE RECEIV$ ALMO/ NO SUPPORT FROM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & WAS QUICKLY OV]?R[N 9 A C\P4 ,BY #aidh ! FASCI/ DICTATOR :O HAD BE5 A COLLABORATOR ) ! ,JAPANESE WAS BACK 9 P[]4 ,HE WAS IMM$IATELY RECOGNIZ$ BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & GIV5 V]Y SUB/ANTIAL MILIT>Y & ECONOMIC AID TO DEVELOP ,?AIL& AS ONE ( ! SUPPOS$ BA/IONS ( FRE$OM 9 ,S\!A/ ,ASIA4 

,9 FACT1 ,?AIL& DEVELOP$ 9TO ONE ( ! MO/ BLOODY1 REPRESSIVE1 VICI\S DICTATOR%IPS 9 ! WORLD4 ,ITS 5ORM\S CRIMES >E REPORT$ 9 SU* HI/ORICAL DOCUM5TS AS A BOOK BY A ,K5N$Y LIB]AL NAM$ ,FRANK ,D>L+ 7ONE ( ! SIGN]S ( ! ,HOOK ,COMMITTEE'S /ATEM5T1 9CID5TALLY7 :O GOES TO GREAT L5G? TO DETAIL ! REPRESSION & ! ROLE ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9 9/ITUT+ IT DUR+ ?IS PO/W> P]IOD AFT] ! C\P4 ,& HE PO9TS \T SOME?+ ?AT ! ,TIMES DID NOT BO!R TO M5TION2 NAMELY1 AFT] ,PRIDI WAS OV]?R[N BY A C\P ?AT WAS SUPPORT$ IMM$IATELY BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 HE REMA9$ 9 ,?AIL& = A FEW YE>S & !N ESCAP$ TO ,*9A1 SO ?AT BY #ai$ ! LIB]AL RE=M] :O HAD BE5 FI<T+ AGA9/ ! ,JAPANESE1 ) ! ,AM]ICANS1 WAS 9 ,COMMUNI/ ,*9A1 & ! FASCI/ DICTATOR :O HAD BE5 ALLI$ ) ! ,JAPANESE1 & HAD DECL>$ W> ON US1 WAS RUL+ 9 ,?AIL&1 N[ AN AU?ORIT>IAN MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP ) SUB/ANTIAL ,AM]ICAN MILIT>Y SUPPORT4 

,?IS1 ,MR4 ,D>L+ SAYS1 WAS 0IRONIC06 ,HE !N CONCLUDES & SUMM>IZES ?IS SITUATION AS FOLL[S3 

! VA/ MAT]IAL & DIPLOMATIC SUPPORT PROVID$ TO ! MILIT>Y LEAD]S BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HELP$ TO PREV5T ! EM]G5CE ( ANY COMPET+ GR\PS :O MI<T *ECK ! TR5D T[>D ABSOLUTE POLITICAL RULE & LEAD ! C\NTRY BACK TO A MORE MOD]N =M ( GOV]NM5T4 

,! LA/ PHRASE IS 9T]E/+3 0LEAD ! C\NTRY BACK TO A MORE MOD]N =M ( GOV]NM5T40 ,BUT IT IS QUITE ACCURATE BECAUSE ! ,?AIS HAD A MORE MOD]N =M ( GOV]NM5T 9 #a#i#d#f-#g UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( A LIB]AL RE=M] :O IS N[ 9 ,COMMUNI/ ,*9A2 & IT WAS ,AM]ICAN MILIT>Y AID ?AT V]Y L>GELY CREAT$ A SITUATION 9 :I* ONE N[ HOPES !Y MI<T MOVE BACK TO ?IS MORE MOD]N =M ( GOV]NM5T4 

,?IS IS A FAIRLY TYPICAL EXAMPLE ( ! ,AM]ICAN IMPACT ON ! LESS DEVELOP$ ,C\NTRIES4 ,IF WE CAN ESCAPE NUCLE> W>1 !N ! PROSPECTS = PEACE >E REALLY PROSPECTS = ! PEACE ( ! PRISON OR ! PEACE ( ! GRAVEY>D1 IF PRES5T T5D5CIES CONT9UE4 ,IT IS 9T]E/+ ?AT ,D>L+1 ?\< HE DEPLORES ! CONSEQU5CES ( \R ACTIONS 9 ,?AIL&1 NEV]!LESS URGES ?AT WE CONT9UE AB\T AS BE=E4 ,HE ?US EXPRESSES ! PR$OM9ANT VOICE 9 ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY3 ,:AT FOLL[S FROM \R ACTIONS IS DEPLORABLE1 BUT IT IS NOT \R FAULT1 WE HAVE NO *OICE1 WE MU/ CONT9UE4 ,N[ ( C\RSE ?IS IS NOT QUITE ! PR$OM9ANT VOICE BECAUSE ,FRANK ,D>L+ IS LIB]AL1 A ,C,I,A ANALY/ & BASICALLY A ,K5N$Y LIB]AL4 

,!RE IS ANO!R VOICE 9 ! MA9/REAM ( ,AM]ICAN OP9ION ?AT IS BECOM+ MORE DOM9ANT3 ! VOICE ( PEOPLE LIKE ,MELV9 ,LAIRD1 :O HAS CALL$ = A 0FIR/ /RIKE0 IF ! SITUATION REQUIRES IT4 ,?IS MAKES US AS F> AS ,I KN[1 ! ONLY C\NTRY 9 ! WORLD :]E ! ,M9I/] ( ,W> HAS COME \T 9 FAVOR ( 0PREV5TIVE W>0 IF 0\R 9T]E/S0 DEM& IT4 ,& HE IS SUPPORT$ - ,I SUPPOSE AGA9 ?IS MAKES US ! ONLY C\NTRY 9 ! WORLD :]E ?IS IS TRUE - BY ! LEAD+ MILIT>Y SPOKESMAN 9 ! PRESS1 ,HANSON ,BALDW91 :O HAS COME \T 9 FAVOR ( FIR/ USE ( NUCLE> WEAPONS = :AT HE REF]S TO AS 0DEF5SIVE PURPOSES02 SPECIFICALLY1 BOL/]+ WEAK GOV]NM5TS AGA9/ SUBV]SION & AGGRESSION - :]E WE DECIDE1 ( C\RSE UNILAT]ALLY1 :5 ?IS IS TAK+ PLACE - AS 9 ,VIETNAM 9 #a#i#f#d1 :5 IT APPE>S A DECISION WAS MADE P]HAPS EV5 PRIOR TO ! #aifd ELECTION CAMPAIGN TO ESCALATE ! W> & TO ATTACK ,NOR? ,VIETNAM4 ,ONE RECALLS ! RHETORIC DUR+ ! ELECTION CAMPAIGN4 ,?IS DECISION1 :5EV] IT WAS ACTUALLY MADE1 WAS SECRET & PRIVATE4 ,IT WAS A CONSPIRACY1 AN ILLEGAL CONSPIRACY TO C>RY \T ACTS ( W> ?AT !N W]E PUT 9 EFFECT 9 ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#f#e4 ,?IS CONSPIRACY HAS NOT BE5 *ALL5G$ 9 ! C\RTS AL?\< IT IS ONE ( V]Y GREAT SIGNIFICANCE1 NOT ONLY TO ! PEOPLE ( ,VIETNAM BUT TO \RSELVES1 & AL?\< IT VIOLATES DOME/IC LAW 9S(> AS 9T]NATIONAL TREATIES >E P>T ( ?AT LAW4 

,:AT IS 9VE/IGAT$ 9 ! C\RTS >E O!R SORTS ( 0CONSPIRACIES02 = EXAMPLE1 ! 0CONSPIRACY0 BY ,DR4 ,SPOCK & O!RS TO *ALL5GE ! ILLEGAL ACTS ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,IT IS /RIK+ ?AT ! GOV]NM5T MADE CLE> :AT IT REG>DS AS ! BASIS ( ! ,SPOCK CONSPIRACY4 ,IT MADE ?IS EV5 MORE CLE> AT ! APPEALS LEVEL ?AN IT DID DUR+ ! TRIAL BY GIV+ A LI/ ( 0COCONSPIRATORS10 ( :OM ,I AM ONE4 ,! CRIT]ION ?AT ID5TIFIES ?IS SET ( COCONSPIRATORS IS PRECISE2 ! PEOPLE TRI$ AT ! ,SPOCK TRIAL & ! COCONSPIRATORS HAPP5 TO BE EXACTLY ! GR\P ?AT APPE>$ AT A PRESS CONF]5CE1 9DEP5D5TLY1 TO SPEAK !IR M9DS1 TO SAY :AT !Y ?\<T AB\T ! W> & RESI/ANCE4 ,MANY ( !M NEV] MET BE=E OR S9CE4 ,?IS WAS ! ONLY L9K BETWE5 ! PEOPLE NAM$ AS 0CONSPIRATORS0 9 ! ,SPOCK TRIAL4 

,I BELIEVE ?IS 9DICATES :AT IS ! REAL P]IL NOT ONLY TO ACADEMIC FRE$OM1 BUT TO ! FRE$OMS PROVID$ BY ! ,BILL ( ,RI<TS4 ,EV5 IF ONE W]E TO AGREE ) EV]Y?+ SAID 9 CRITICISM ( ! /UD5T MOVEM5T1 ?IS CRITICISM W\LD1 9 PROP] P]SPECTIVE1 BE QUITE 9SIGNIFICANT4 

,! DOM9ANT VOICE 9 ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY1 ! MA9/REAM OP9ION1 IS BRACKET$ BY PEOPLE LIKE ,FRANK ,D>L+1 ON ! ONE SIDE1 & BY PEOPLE LIKE ,MELV9 ,LAIRD & ,HANSON ,BALDW91 ON ! O!R4 ,?IS VOICE IS ONE ?AT WAS MADE EXPLICIT BY ,B>R+TON ,MOORE 9 AN >TICLE 9 ! ,PROCE$+S ( ! ,ACADEMY ( ,POLITICAL ,SCI5CE 9 E>LY #a#i#f3 

,Y\ MAY PROTE/ 9 WORDS AS L\D AS Y\ LIKE4 ,!RE IS BUT ONE CONDITION ATTA*$ TO ! FRE$OM WE W\LD LIKE V]Y MU* TO 5C\RAGE4 ,Y\R PROTE/S MAY BE AS L\D AS POSSIBLE SO LONG AS !Y REMA9 9EFFECTIVE4 ,?\< WE REGRET Y\R SUFF]+S V]Y MU* & W\LD LIKE V]Y MU* TO DO SOME?+ AB\T !M - 9DE$ WE HAVE /UDI$ !M V]Y C>EFULLY & HAVE ALREADY SPOK5 TO Y\R RUL]S & IMM$IATE SUP]IORS AB\T !SE MATT]S - ANY ATTEMPT BY Y\ TO REMOVE Y\R OPPRESSORS BY =CE IS A ?REAT TO CIVILIZ$ SOCIETY & ! DEMOCRATIC PROCESS4 ,SU* ?REATS WE CANNOT & %ALL NOT TOL]ATE4 ,AS Y\ RESORT TO =CE WE WILL1 IF NE$ BE1 WIPE Y\ FROM ! FACE ( ! E>? BY ! MEASUR$ RESPONSE ?AT RA9S D[N FLAME FROM ! SKIES4 

,I ?9K IF Y\ OBS]VE ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY1 Y\ F9D ?AT ?IS IS ITS PR$OM9ANT VOICE4 ,IT'S A VOICE ?AT EXPRESSES CLE>LY ! NE$S ( ! SOCIO-ECONOMIC ELITE2 IT EXPRESSES AN IDEOLOGY ?AT IS ADOPT$ & PUT =? ) V>Y+ DEGREES ( SUBTLETY BY MO/ ,AM]ICAN 9TELLECTUALS & ?AT GA9S A SUB/ANTIAL DEGREE ( ADH]5CE ON ! P>T ( A MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION1 :I* SEES ITSELF AS 5T]+ OR ALREADY HAV+ 5T]$ ! AFFLU5T SOCIETY4 

,?IS PR$OM9ANT VOICE IS SUPPORT$ BY A PR$OM9ANT ATTITUDE ( ALMO/ TOTAL APA?Y ?AT MAKES IT POSSIBLE = ANY ATROCITY TO APPE> 9 ! FRONT PAGES AS LONG AS IT IS DIRECT$ AGA9/ ALLEG$ 0COMMUNI/S0 OR L&LESS PEASANTS OR SOME?+ ( ! SORT4 ,& IT >\SES VIRTUALLY NO RESPONSE1 C]TA9LY NO RESPONSE COMM5SURATE ) :AT IS DESCRIB$4 ,?IS ATTITUDE IS DEVELOP$ FROM ! V]Y E>LIE/ YE>S4 

,I'VE BECOME MORE AW>E ( ?AT S9CE MY *ILDR5 HAVE BE5 9 S*OOL4 ,LET ME GIVE Y\ ONE EXAMPLE ?AT ,I CAME ACROSS4 ,I HAVE A DAU<T] 9 ! ,LEX+TON1 ,MASSA*USETTS1 ,PUBLIC ,S*OOL4 ,LEX+TON IS A V]Y PROGRESSIVE1 PR(ESSIONAL1 L>GELY UPP]-MIDDLE-CLASS COMMUNITY ?AT PRIDES ITSELF ON ITS \T/&+ S*OOL SY/EM4 ,MY DAU<T] HAD A SOCIAL SCI5CE READ] ?AT TALK$ AB\T ! M>VEL\S ,NEW ,5GL& H]ITAGE4 ,! PROTAGONI/ 9 ?IS READ] IS A Y\NG FELL[ NAM$ ,ROB]T1 :O IS BE+ TOLD AB\T ! WOND]S ( ! COLONIAL PA/1 9CLUD+ ! FOLL[+3 

,CAPTA9 ,JOHN ,MASON MADE PLANS TO CAPTURE ! ,PEQUOT =T :]E ! ,RHODE ,ISL& ,COLONY & ! ,CONNECTICUT ,COLONY MET4 ,HIS LITTLE >MY ATTACK$ 9 ! MORN+ BE=E IT WAS LI<T & TOOK ! ,PEQUOTS BY SURPRISE4 ,! SOLDI]S BROKE D[N ! /OCKADE ) !IR AXES & RU%$ 9SIDE & SET FIRE TO ! WIGWAMS4 ,!Y KILL$ NE>LY ALL ! BRAVES1 SQUAWS & *ILDR5 & BURN$ !IR CORN & O!R FOOD4 ,!RE W]E NO ,PEQUOTS LEFT TO MAKE MORE TR\BLE4 ,:5 ! O!R ,9DIAN TRIBES SAW :AT GOOD FI<T]S ! :ITE M5 W]E !Y KEPT ! PEACE = MANY YE>S4 

0,I WI% ,I W]E A MAN & HAD BE5 !RE10 ?\<T ,ROB]T4 

,& ?IS IS HIS LA/ ?\<T ON ! SUBJECT4 

,!RE IS NO D\BT ?AT IF ! ,G]MANS HAD WON ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I1 LITTLE ,HANS W\LD BE READ+ SIMIL> /ORIES AB\T ,LIDICE1 & HE W\LD ALSO BE WI%+ ?AT HE W]E A MAN & HAD BE5 !RE4 ,BUT ?IS IS ! F>E ?AT IS F$ \R *ILDR5 FROM E>LIE/ S*OOL EXP]I5CE1 ?AT IS RE9=C$ BY ! MASS M$IA1 & ?AT C]TA9LY GOES A LONG WAY T[>D ACC\NT+ = ! FACT ?AT IT'S POSSIBLE TO HAVE A /ORY EXACTLY LIKE ?IS 9 ! NEWSPAP]S :]E ONE REPLACES 0,PEQUOTS0 BY 0,VIETNAMESE0 & 0/ONE AXES0 BY 0,B-#e#bS0 - & TO F9D ! ZOMBIE-LIKE REACTION ?AT P]MITS ANY K9D ( ATROCITY TO TAKE PLACE ) NO?+ SAID AB\T IT4 ,N[ MY DAU<T] IS NOT BE+ EXPOS$ TO SOME ( ! MORE REM>KABLE /ATEM5TS BY ,NEW ,5GL& 9TELLECTUALS AT ! TIME2 = EXAMPLE1 ,COTTON ,MA!R1 :O DESCRIB$ ?AT V]Y SAME 9CID5T AS FOLL[S3 0,IT WAS SUPPOS$ ?AT NO LESS ?AN #f ,PEQUOT S\LS W]E BR\<T D[N TO HELL ?AT DAY40 ,MA!R GOES ON TO TALK AB\T ! DISEASES ?AT DECIMAT$ ! ,9DIANS AFT] ! ,MAYFL[] L&+1 SAY+1 0,! WOODS W]E ALMO/ CLE>$ ( !SE P]NICI\S CREATURES TO MAKE ROOM = A BETT] GR[?40 

,?IS IS A P>T ( \R TRADITION ?AT PEOPLE \<T TO BE EXPOS$ TO1 & !Y \<T TO BE %[N H[ IT RELATES & COMP>ES TO :AT IS HAPP5+ TODAY4 ,9 SU* CIRCUM/ANCES IT MI<T BE POSSIBLE TO MA9TA9 PEACE - IF ! OPPRESS$ PEOPLES ( ! WORLD W]E SIL5T & QUIET1 IF !Y W]E WILL+ TO CONT9UE TO PLAY ! ROLE ?AT WAS ONCE DESCRIB$ BY ,PHILIPP9E NATIONALI/ ,JOSE ,RIZAL 9 CA/IGAT+ HIS C\NTRYM5 BECAUSE !IR ASPIRATIONS W]E 0DREAMS ( A SLAVE :O ASKS ONLY = A B&AGE TO WRAP ! *A9 SO ?AT IT MAY RATTLE LESS & NOT ULC]ATE HIS SK940 ,BUT ( C\RSE1 ?OSE DAYS >E OV]4 ,! SLAVES >E NO LONG] JU/ CALL+ = A B&AGE TO WRAP ! *A9S1 & ?AT IS ! MAJOR REASON = ! DISORD] >\ND ! WORLD1 & ! RESULT+ DISORD] ON ,AM]ICAN CAMPUSES4 

,IT IS H>DLY NECESS>Y TO EMPHASIZE ?AT ! V]Y SAME PR$OM9ANT VOICE IS HE>D ) REF]5CE TO DOME/IC ISSUES ,A LOOK AT ! FILES ( ! ,NEW ,YORK ,CIVIL ,LIB]TIES ,UNION WILL EXPLA9 V]Y CLE>LY :AT 0LAW & ORD]0 MEANS TO ! POOR4 ,:AT IT MEANS IS P]MAN5T H>ASSM5T BY ! =CES ( JU/ICE4 ,Y\ GET A V]Y CLE> PICTURE ( ?IS 9 BOOKS BY ,ALG]NON ,BLACK1 = EXAMPLE1 OR ,PAUL ,*EVIGNY 9 ,POLICE ,P[]1 :]E HE DISCUSSES NO REAL ATROCITIES BUT JU/ ! L[-LEVEL1 DAY-TO-DAY H>ASSM5T ?AT DEF9ES ! LIFE ( POOR PEOPLE 9 !IR RELATION TO ! =CES ( ORD]4 ,HE DOES NOT M5TION EV5TS LIKE ! MURD] ( /UD5TS1 EV5TS :I* LEAD TO A GREAT DEAL ( SYMPA!TIC CLUCK+ ( TONGUES1 BUT DO NOT LEAD TO ! =MATION ( ANY NATIONAL COMMITTEES TO DEF5D ! RI<TS ( /UD5TS4 

,I MI<T M5TION ?AT ! HYPOCRITICAL ROLE ( ! GOV]NM5T 9 ! CIVIL RI<TS MOVEM5T IS EVID5T TO EV]YONE :O HAD ANY?+ TO DO ) IT4 ,MY [N 9VOLVEM5T WAS NOT V]Y GREAT1 BUT IT WAS 5\< TO MAKE CLE> :AT WAS GO+ ON4 ,! F$]AL GOV]NM5T DOES HAVE ! AU?ORITY UND] ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,CODE TO USE =CE TO DEF5D ! RI<TS ( CITIZ5S AGA9/ /ATE AU?ORITIES4 ,IT HAS NOT DONE SO4 ,EV]YONE1 MANY O!R PEOPLE MU* MORE ?AN ,I1 HAS SE5 9CID5TS ( BRUTAL VIOL5CE C>RI$ \T BY /ATE AU?ORITIES AGA9/ CITIZ5S1 ) ,F4,B4,I4 AG5TS /&+ !RE TAK+ NOTES :5 !Y HAVE ! RI<T1 ! DUTY 9 FACT1 TO 9T]V5E TO PREV5T ?IS IF !Y >E GIV5 ! APPROPRIATE ORD]S1 :I* !Y'RE SELDOM GIV54 

,LET ME TURN TO ANO!R >EA4 ,RALPH ,NAD] HAS PO9T$ \T ?AT 9 ! /ATE ( ,P5NSYLVANIA #b1 M9]S DIE EA* YE> ( SO-CALL$ 0BLACK LUNG40 ,?IS IS NOT A CO/ ?AT IS CALCULAT$ BY BUS9ESS OR BY PR(ESSIONAL ECONOMI/S :5 !Y TALK AB\T ! HEAL? ( ! ECONOMY4 ,& WE CAN BE QUITE C]TA9 ?AT IF !SE M9]S W]E1 LET'S SAY1 TO SEIZE ! M9ES1 IF !Y W]E TO 9SI/ ?AT REASONABLE /&>DS BE IMPOS$1 OR TO BE MORE EXACT1 ?AT REASONABLE /&>DS BE 5=C$ TO PREV5T ?IS1 !N WE CAN BE QUITE SURE ?AT !RE W\LD BE A MOVEM5T TO PREV5T 0LEFT FASCISM0 FROM TAK+ OV] ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY2 & ANY IMPOLIT5ESS OR VIOL5CE ?AT W\LD RESULT W\LD BE BLAM$ ON ! M9]S & HEADL9$ ON ! FRONT PAGES1 AS ! TROOPS >E CALL$ 9 TO REPRESS !SE ?MULTIPLE =MS ( PUTS*ISM10 AS !Y W]E BY ,FRANKL9 ,D4 ,ROOSEVELT #c YE>S AGO4 

,!RE >E MORE SUBTLE BUT EQUALLY P]NICI\S =MS ( VIOL5CE4 ,! ,HOOK LETT] QUOT$ E>LI] M5TIONS ,SAN ,FRANCISCO ,/ATE4 ,! LETT] DID NOT M5TION ?AT ,SAN ,FRANCISCO ,IS A CITY ?AT IS #b P] C5T BLACK1 & ?AT ITS COLLEGE IS !RE TO S]VE ! URBAN COMMUNITY4 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO ,/ATE ,COLLEGE LA/ YE> HAD #c4#f P] C5T BLACK /UD5TS1 D[N FROM #aa P] C5T SEV5 YE>S BE=E1 9 A CITY ?AT IS #b P] C5T BLACK4 

,ACCORD+ TO AN >TICLE BY ,PR(ESSOR ,A4 ,K4 ,BI]MAN ( ,SAN ,FRANCISCO ,/ATE1 A BILL TO PROVIDE FUNDS TO HELP DISADVANTAG$ /UD5TS TO 5T] COLLEGE PASS$ ! /ATE LEGISLATURE BUT WAS VETO$ BY ,GOV]NOR ,REAGAN1 :O MAY WELL HAVE BE5 TRY+ TO SET UP A CONFRONTATION = POLITICAL REASONS4 ,NO NATIONAL COMMITTEES W]E =M$ TO 9VE/IGATE ?IS P>TICUL> SITUATION1 LET ALONE TO DEPLORE IT2 & ! FACTS ?AT ,I JU/ M5TION$ >E NOT REF]R$ TO 9 ! DISCUSSION ( ! 0PUTS*ISM0 ?AT TOOK PLACE ON ! ,SAN ,FRANCISCO CAMPUS1 ?\< !Y SURELY HAVE SOME?+ TO DO ) IT4 ,?IS K9D ( OMISSION MAKES ONE S]I\SLY QUE/ION ! JUDGM5T ( PEOPLE :O >E PUTT+ TOGE!R ?IS K9D ( ULTIMATELY REPRESSIVE MOVEM5T4 ,I NE$ NOT M5TION ?AT A COLLEGE DEGREE IS A C]TIFICATE ( 5TRY TO ! AFFLU5T SOCIETY4 

,P]SONALLY ,I W\LD 5TIRELY AGREE ) ! PEOPLE ,I QUOT$ :O DEPLORE ! ACTS ( ?OSE :O %\T D[N SPEAK]S AT PUBLIC MEET+S4 ,?US ,I DEPLORE ! ACTS ( ! 0RESPONSIBLE0 /UD5TS :O DUR+ ! YE>S #aife & #aiff HELP$ TO BREAK UP PUBLIC MEET+S AGA9/ ! W>1 TO DEFACE *UR*ES 9 :I* PUBLIC MEET+S W]E TAK+ PLACE1 & SO ON4 ,9 ,BO/ON 9 ,I #ife & E>LY ,I #i#f#f1 IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO HOLD A PUBLIC MEET+ ON ! ,BO/ON ,COMMON TO OPPOSE ! BOMB+ ( ,NOR? ,VIETNAM1 BECAUSE IT W\LD BE BROK5 UP BY =CE BY ,M4,I4,T4 /UD5TS1 = EXAMPLE1 :O W\LD M>* OV] FROM ! FRAT]NITIES1 ) MANY O!RS4 ,& ! ,>L+TON ,/REET ,*UR* WAS PELT$ ) TOMATOES & T9 CANS :5 ! MEET+S W]E %IFT$ 9DOORS4 ,?IS WAS ALL HEADL9$ ON ! FRONT PAGES ( ! NEWSPAP]S4 ,9 ! ,BO/ON ,GLOBE ON ,OCTOB] #a#f1 #a#i#f#e1 ! 5TIRE FRONT PAGE WAS TAK5 UP BY A DESCRIPTION ( ! EV5TS ?AT HAPP5$ ! DAY BE=E1 & ! RADIO RAN CON/ANT & DETAIL$ REPORTS4 ,& ( C\RSE ! COMM5TATORS W]E V]Y 9DIGNANT AB\T :AT WAS HAPP5+4 ,!Y W]E 9DIGNANT AB\T ! PEACEFUL DEMON/RATORS :O BY :AT !Y W]E SAY+ W]E 9CIT+ ?IS REACTION ON ! P>T ( ! RESPONSIBLE1 %ORT-HAIR$ /UD5TS4 ,& !Y W]E JO9$ BY LIB]AL ,S5ATORS LIKE ,MIKE ,MANSFIELD1 :O ALSO SPOKE AGA9/ ! IRRESPONSIBILITY ( ! DEMON/RATORS = MAK+ /ATEM5TS ?AT HE HIMSELF WAS TO 5DORSE :5 ! TIME CAME TWO YE>S LAT]4 ,P]HAPS HE MI<T EV5 ADMIT ?AT1 HAD HE DONE SO E>LI]1 ! WORLD W\LD BE A SLI<TLY BETT] PLACE4 ,AGA91 !RE W]E NO NATIONAL COMMITTEES =M$ TO PROTECT ! RI<T ( FREE ASSEMBLY 9 ! FACE ( ?IS K9D ( VIOL5CE4 

,LET'S TURN TO ! MATT] ( POLITICIZATION ( ! UNIV]SITIES1 :I* IS A MATT] ?AT ,PR(ESSOR ,HOOK'S COMMITTEE IS MU* CONC]N$ ) & ?AT HE HIMSELF HAS SPOK5 AB\T QUITE ELOQU5TLY MANY TIMES4 ,PR(ESSOR ,HOOK HAS >GU$ ?AT !RE IS A PRIMA FACIE CASE ?AT ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY MEMB]S %\LD NOT BE GRANT$ ! RI<TS ( ACADEMIC FRE$OM1 ! NORMAL RI<TS1 BECAUSE ( ! FACT ?AT !Y BELONG TO AN ORGANIZATION ?AT BY ITS [N /ATEM5TS 5DORSES LIMITATIONS ON FREE SPEE* & URGES ITS MEMB]S NOT TO TELL ! TRU? UND] C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,!RE >E ALSO O!R ORGANIZATIONS ?AT HAVE BEHAV$ 9 SU* FA%ION2 = EXAMPLE1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T1 :I* URGES & 9 FACT 5JO9S P>TICIPANTS 9 ITS PROGRAMS NOT TO TELL ! TRU? ON MANY SUBJECTS4 ,>?UR ,SYLVE/]1 DIRECTOR ( 9=MATION4 = ! ,DEF5SE ,DEP>TM5T A FEW YE>S AGO1 SAID 9 A FIT ( ANG] ?AT ANYONE :O BELIEVES A WORD SAID BY SPOKESM5 = ! GOV]NM5T %\LD HAVE HIS HEAD EXAM9$1 OR WORDS APPROXIMATELY TO ?AT EFFECT4 ,QUITE AP>T FROM SU* \TBUR/S1 IT IS CLE> ?AT PEOPLE ) ACCESS TO CLASSIFI$ 9=MATION >E REQUIR$ BY LAW TO )HOLD RELEVANT 9=MATION1 OR EV5 TO LIE1 ) RESPECT TO MATT]S ?AT MAY V]Y WELL BE RELAT$ TO !IR TEA*+ & RESE>* SUP]VISION4 

,N[ BY ,PR(ESSOR ,HOOK'S >GUM5T1 IT %\LD FOLL[ ?AT 9 ! CASE ( PEOPLE :O >E 9VOLV$ 9 WORK = ! ,AM]ICAN GOV]NM5T1 !RE IS ALSO A PRIMA FACIE CASE ?AT !Y %\LD BE D5I$ ! OPPORTUNITY TO TEA*4 ,PUTT+ ASIDE ,HOOK'S >GUM5T1 :I* ,I DO NOT = A MOM5T ACCEPT1 !IR 9VOLVEM5T 9 TEA*+1 9 FACT !IR DOM9ANCE ( IT 9 FIELDS LIKE 5G9E]+ OR ! SOCIAL SCI5CES1 W\LD C]TA9LY SUGGE/ A HI< DEGREE ( A V]Y DANG]\S SORT ( POLITICIZATION ( ! UNIV]SITIES4 ,= EXAMPLE1 9 ,CAMBRIDGE1 ,MASSA*USETTS1 !RE >E TWO MAJOR UNIV]SITIES1 ,H>V>D & ,M4,I4,T4 ,EA* HAS AN \T/&+ DEP>TM5T ( GOV]NM5T & POLITICAL SCI5CE4 ,! *AIRM5 ( BO? DEP>TM5TS >E DEEPLY 9VOLV$ 9 ! ,9DO*9A W>4 ,ONE IS *AIRMAN ( A ,C\NCIL ON ,VIETNAMESE ,/UDIES ?AT IS ULTIMATELY RESPONSIBLE TO ! ,/ATE ,DEP>TM5T4 ,! O!R SUP]VISES ?REE-QU>T]S ( A MILLION DOLL>S ( RESE>* \TSIDE ! UNIV]SITY ON SU* TOPICS AS C\NT]9SURG5CY & PACIFICATION 9 ,VIETNAM4 ,?IS IS NOT UNTYPICAL1 & IT DOES 9DICATE A HI< DEGREE ( POLITICIZATION ( ! UNIV]SITIES4 ,WE NE$ NOT ASK H[ MANY PROJECTS !RE >E 9 :I* POLITICAL SCI5TI/S & TE*NOLOGI/S WORK ON ! QUE/ION ( H[ POORLY >M$ GU]RILLAS MI<T BETT] DEF5D !MSELVES AGA9/ AN OV]:ELM+ MILIT>Y =CE FROM #a1 MILES AWAY1 OR H[ MANY SOCIAL SCI5CE PROJECTS !RE >E TO DEAL ) ! PROBLEMS (1 SAY1 REVOLUTION>Y DEVELOPM5T ( ,?IRD ,WORLD SOCIETIES 9 ANY?+ LIKE AN OBJECTIVE OR SYMPA!TIC MANN]4 

,?OSE :O >E SYMPA!TIC TO REVOLUTION >E TREAT$ RA!R DIFF]5TLY4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,/AU<TON ,LYND WAS D5I$ AN APPO9TM5T AT ,ROOSEVELT ,UNIV]SITY1 A V]Y LIB]AL UNIV]SITY 9 ,*ICAGO4 ,! HI/ORY DEP>TM5T VOT$ TO APPO9T ,LYND1 & ?IS DECISION WAS SIMPLY OV]TURN$ BY ! ADM9I/RATION4 ,AT ,SAN ,FRANCISCO ,/ATE1 ACCORD+ TO ! 9=MATION ?AT ,I HAVE BE5 ABLE TO OBTA91 9 ONE ( ! ACTS ?AT 9ITIAT$ ! DISORD]S !RE1 ,GEORGE ,MURRAY WAS SUSP5D$ )\T DUE PROCESS BY ! ,REG5TS = /ATEM5TS ?AT HE WAS ALLEG$ TO HAVE MADE4 ,HE HAD MADE SOME /ATEM5TS ( :I* !Y DISAPPROV$4 ,HE WAS APP>5TLY SUSP5D$ BY ! TRU/EES OV] ! OBJECTION ( ! PRESID5T ( ! ,UNIV]SITY1 ! MAYOR ( ,SAN ,FRANCISCO1 & ! POLICE *IEF ( ,SAN ,FRANCISCO 9 :AT APPE>S TO HAVE BE5 ANO!R ATTEMPT TO MAKE POLITICAL CAPITAL BY SETT+ UP A CONFRONTATION ON ! CAMPUS4 ,!SE >E MATT]S ?AT \<T TO BE EXPLOR$1 BUT NO NATIONAL COMMITTEES >E SET UP TO DEF5D ACADEMIC FRE$OM 9 ! FACE ( 9/ANCES ( ?IS SORT1 :I* MI<T BE 5UM]AT$ AT CONSID]ABLE L5G?4 

,LET ME TURN N[ TO ! O!R ASPECT ( ! PROBLEM ( COMBAT+ ! POLITICIZATION ( ! UNIV]SITIES1 ! DOM9ANT & OV]:ELM+ ELEM5T ( :I* RESULTS FROM ! NATIONAL PSY*OSIS ?AT HAS DEVELOP$ DUR+ ! ,COLD ,W>1 ) ! SUBV]SION ( SCI5CE & TE*NOLOGY & S*OL>%IP AS !Y DEVOTE !MSELVES TO ! GOALS EXPRESS$ BY ! ?PR$OM9ANT VOICE0 9 ,AM]ICAN SOCIETY4 ,?IS IS ! REAL PROBLEM ( ! UNIV]SITIES4 ,PR(ESSOR ,HOOK'S GR\P ,I ?9K IS RI<T 9 MU* ( :AT IT DEPLORES2 BUT IT IS TALK+ AB\T A SPECK AT ! M>G9 ( ! PROBLEM4 ,IT IS IGNOR+ ! REAL PROBLEMS ( POLITICIZATION4 ,IT IS REM>KABLE ?AT IF ONE WANTS TO F9D A CRITIQUE ( ! SUBV]SION ( ! UNIV]SITIES1 ! BETRAYAL ( ! PUBLIC TRU/ BY ! UNIV]SITIES1 IF ONE WANTS TO HE> A REAL VOIC+ ( ?IS CRITIQUE1 ONE TURNS NOT TO ! CIVIL LIB]T>IANS BUT RA!R TO ,S5ATOR ,FULBRI<T OR ,ADMIRAL ,RICKOV] OR ,G5]AL ,EIS5H[]1 ALL ( :OM HAVE SPOK5 QUITE CORRECTLY AB\T ! DANG]S TO A FREE SOCIETY :5 ! UNIV]SITY ASSOCIATES ITSELF ) P[]FUL SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS4 ,IT'S REM>KABLE ?AT A CRITIQUE ( ?IS DEVELOPM5T1 :I* IS FUNDAM5TAL & SIGNIFICANT1 HAS TO COME PRIM>ILY FROM SU* S\RCES4 

,I HAVE UP TO N[ BE5 DISCUSS+ 0! VIOL5CE ON :I* ! PRES5T SY/EM IS BAS$10 TO USE ,MU/E'S WORDS4 ,H[ AB\T ! O!R ASPECT1 ! #a P] C5T1 OR MORE ACCURATELY1 ! #a P] C5T OR LESS ( ! VIOL5CE8 ,GEORGE ,ORWELL ONCE DESCRIB$ POLITICAL ?\<T1 ESPECIALLY ON ! LEFT1 AS A K9D ( MA/URBATION FANTASY :]E ! WORLD ( FACTS H>DLY MATT]S4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 !RE IS A GOOD DEAL ( TRU? TO ?AT *>ACT]IZATION4 ,ONE ( ! ,MOVEM5T NEWSPAP]S ONCE C>RI$ AN >TICLE BY A V]Y DI/+UI%$ PR(ESSOR AT ,H>V>D1 AN OLD FRI5D ( M9E :O HAS BECOME DEEPLY 9VOLV$ 9 RADICAL POLITICS LATELY & :O SAYS ?AT ! 0GOAL ( UNIV]SITY AGITATION %\LD BE TO BUILD ANTI-IMP]IALI/ /RUGGLES 9 :I* ! UNIV]SITY ADM9I/RATION IS A CLE> 5EMY40 ,N[ ?IS MAN KN[S ,AM]ICAN UNIV]SITIES V]Y WELL1 & 9 P>TICUL> HE KN[S ,H>V>D V]Y WELL4 ,IT'S V]Y DIFFICULT = ME TO BELIEVE ?AT HE REALLY ?9KS ( ,NA?AN ,PUSEY AS ! REPRES5TATIVE ( IMP]IALISM ON ! ,H>V>D CAMPUS4 ,9 FACT IF ?AT W]E TRUE1 ?+S W\LD BE V]Y EASY4 ,ALL Y\ W\LD HAVE TO DO W\LD BE TO SIT 9 AT ! ADM9I/RATION BUILD+ & Y\ W\LD HAVE /RUCK A BL[ AT IMP]IALISM4 ,BUT IT DOESN'T WORK LIKE ?AT4 ,! PROBLEM IS F> DEEP]4 ,?IS IS ALMO/ A PURE FANTASY4 

,! REAL PROBLEM IS ?AT ?OSE :O CALL = FRE$OM 9 ! UNIV]SITIES >E CALL+ = SOME?+ ?AT EXI/S BUT ?AT IS V]Y BADLY MISUS$4 ,! UNIV]SITIES >E RELATIVELY FREE1 FAIRLY DEC5TRALIZ$ 9/ITUTIONS 9 :I* ! S]I\S DECISIONS1 ?OSE ?AT ACTUALLY RELATE TO ! 9T]RELATION BETWE5 /UD5T & FACULTY1 TO ! CURRICULUM1 TO :AT A P]SON DOES ) HIS LIFE1 ! K9D ( WORK HE DOES ?OSE DECISIONS >E V]Y L>GELY MADE BY ! FACULTY & V]Y L>GELY AT ! DEP>TM5TAL LEVEL4 ,AT LEA/ ?IS IS TRUE AT ! MAJOR UNIV]SITIES ,I AM FAMILI> )4 

,( C\RSE1 ! TEMPTATIONS >E V]Y /RONG TO MAKE C]TA9 DECISIONS RA!R ?AN O!RS4 ,= ?OSE :O *OOSE TO PUT !IR TAL5TS TO ! S]VICE ( ! P[]FUL 9/ITUTIONS ( ! SOCIETY1 !RE >E MANY REW>DS - OR :AT MI<T BE ?\<T TO BE REW>DS4 ,!RE'S P[]1 PRE/IGE1 & AFFLU5CE - A %>E 9 ! GREAT PROJECT ( DESIGN+ AN 9TEGRAT$ WORLD SY/EM DOM9AT$ BY ,AM]ICAN P[]1 :I* MANY FEEL TO BE A REW>D4 ,?OSE :O MAKE DIFF]5T *OICES CAN CONFID5TLY EXPECT A GOOD DEAL ( ABUSE & RECRIM9ATION1 P]HAPS ! DE/RUCTION ( !IR PR(ESSIONAL C>E]S4 ,H5CE1 9 ONE S5SE ! *OICE IS H>DLY FREE4 ,9 FACT1 ! *OICE IS APPROXIMATELY AS \TL9$ BY ,G5]AL ,H]%EY 9 ONE ( HIS MO/ FAM\S /ATEM5TS2 NAMELY1 ?IS IS ! ,AM]ICAN OR 9DIRECT WAY TO 9SURE COMPLIANCE4 

,BUT 9 A MU* MORE IMPORTANT S5SE ! *OICE REALLY IS FREE4 ,& ! FACT ( ! MATT] IS1 & ,I ?9K ONE HAS TO FACE ?IS1 ?AT ! POLITICIZATION ( ! UNIV]SITIES & ! SUBV]SION ( SCI5CE & S*OL>%IP1 :I* IS QUITE REAL1 IS ! RESULT ( A RELATIVELY FREE *OICE BY /UD5TS & BY FACULTY :O HAVE BE5 UNWILL+ TO RESI/ ! TEMPTATIONS & TO FACE ! REAL DIFFICULTIES ( /&+ \TSIDE ! MA9/REAM & ( REJECT+ ! REW>DS1 IF SU* !Y >E1 ?AT >E (F]$ = COMPLIANCE4 

,CONSID] ! PROBLEM ( DEVELOP+ RADICAL S*OL>%IP 9 ! UNIV]SITIES4 ,?IS IS A CATEGORY ,I DO NOT BELIEVE ADEQUATELY EXI/S4 ,I P]SONALLY BELIEVE ?AT OBJECTIVE S*OL>%IP WILL V]Y (T5 LEAD TO RADICAL CONCLUSIONS 9 ! SOCIAL SCI5CES1 AS 9 EV]Y O!R FIELD4 ,ONE TAKES = GRANT$ 9 FIELDS \TSIDE ! SOCIAL SCI5CES ?AT OBJECTIVE S*OL>%IP WILL (T5 *ALL5GE ! PR$OM9ANT FRAMEWORK ( ?9K+4 ,ONLY 9 ! SOCIAL SCI5CES IS ?IS CONSID]$ SOMEH[ ! M>K ( AN ALI5AT$ 9TELLECTUAL :O HAS TO BE DEALT ) BY PSY*IATRIC MEANS4 ,BUT ! FACT ( ! MATT] IS ?AT ! TASK ( DEVELOP+ OBJECTIVE S*OL>%IP FREE FROM ! CON/RA9TS IMPOS$ BY ! ,AM]ICAN POLITICAL CONS5SUS IS A QUITE REAL ONE1 & ,I P]SONALLY BELIEVE ?AT IT WILL LEAD TO RADICAL CONCLUSIONS4 

,! BURD5 ( PRO( IS OBVI\SLY ON SOMEONE LIKE ME1 :O MAKES ?AT ASS]TION1 :O BELIEVES ?AT OBJECTIVE RESE>* WILL SUPPORT CONCLUSIONS ( A RADICAL NATURE4 ,& ?IS IS EXACTLY ! PO9T ?AT ,I WANT TO /RESS4 ,! FAILURE TO DEVELOP :AT MI<T BE MISLEAD+LY CALL$ RADICAL S*OL>%IP1 ! FAILURE TO BUILD IT 9TO ! CURRICULUM1 ?IS IS BY NO MEANS ! RESULT ( DECREES BY COLLEGE ADM9I/RATORS OR BY TRU/EES4 ,RA!R IT RESULTS DIRECTLY FROM ! UNWILL+NESS ( ! /UD5TS & ! FACULTY TO UND]TAKE ! V]Y H>D & S]I\S WORK ?AT IS REQUIR$ & TO FACE CALMLY & FIRMLY ! K9D ( REPRESSION1 OR AT LEA/ RECRIM9ATIONS & ABUSE1 ?AT !Y >E LIKELY TO MEET IF !Y C>RY \T ?IS WORK 9 A S]I\S WAY4 ,I W\LD EXPECT !SE TO COME NOT FROM ! ADM9I/RATION BUT RA!R MORE FROM ! FACULTY1 :I* MAY FEEL ?AT ITS GUILD /RUCTURE1 ! PR(ESSIONAL /RUCTURE ON :I* ITS SECURITY RE/S1 IS BE+ ?REAT5$4 ,P>TICUL>LY 9 ! SOCIAL & BEHAVIORAL SCI5CES1 :]E !ORETICAL CONT5T IS VIRTUALLY NONEXI/5T & 9TELLECTUAL SUB/ANCE IS SLI<T1 ! PRET5SE ( PR(ESSIONAL EXP]TIZE IS V]Y (T5 US$ AS A DEF5SE AGA9/ QUITE LEGITIMATE CRITICISM & ANALYSIS4 ,H]E ,I ?9K CAN BE F\ND ONE S\RCE ( ! ABUSE ( ACADEMIC FRE$OM3 NAMELY1 ! RE/RICT+ ( ?OSE :O TRY TO DEVELOP OBJECTIVE ACADEMIC S*OL>%IP ?AT WILL *ALL5GE ! PREVAIL+ FRAMEWORK ( ?9K+ 9 ! PR(ESSIONS & ! CONCLUSIONS ?AT >E (T5 REA*$4 

,SUPPOSE ?AT !SE B>RI]S >E OV]COME - ! B>RI]S BE+1 ,I ?9K1 ! UNWILL+NESS ( /UD5TS TO DO ! H>D WORK REQUIR$ & ! FE> ( ! FACULTY ?AT !IR GUILD /RUCTURE WILL BE ?REAT5$4 ,SUPPOSE ?AT !SE B>RI]S >E OV]COME4 ,!N IT MI<T BE ?AT ! TRU/EES & ! ADM9I/RATION W\LD /EP 9 TO ]ECT NEW B>RI]S AGA9/ ! IMPLEM5TATION ( /UDY & RESE>* & TEA*+ ?AT LEADS TO RADICAL CONCLUSIONS & ! ACTION PROGRAMS ?AT \<T TO FL[ FROM HONE/1 S]I\S RESE>*4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS IS ONLY SPECULATION4 ,WE DO NOT KN[ ?AT ! UNIV]SITIES WILL NOT TOL]ATE PROGRAMS ( ?IS SORT1 BO? AS TEA*+ PROGRAMS & PROGRAMS ( RESE>* & ACTION AS WELL1 BECAUSE ! EF=T HAS B>ELY BE5 MADE4 ,!RE >E CASES ( ADM9I/RATIVE 9T]F]5CE & !Y >E DEPLORABLE1 BUT IT W\LD BE A GREAT MI/AKE TO ?9K ?AT !Y CON/ITUTE ! HE>T ( ! PROBLEM4 ,!Y DO NOT4 

,I ?9K IT CRUCIAL ?AT ! EF=T BE MADE4 ,I ?9K WE V]Y MU* NE$ UND]/&+ ( CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETY1 ( ITS LONG-RANGE T5D5CIES1 ( ! POSSIBILITIES = ALT]NATIVE =MS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION & A REASON$1 S]I\S ANALYSIS1 )\T FANTASY1 ( H[ SOCIAL *ANGE CAN COME AB\T4 ,I HAVE NO D\BT ?AT OBJECTIVE S*OL>%IP CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ?AT UND]/&+4 ,BUT IT IS H>D WORK & IT HAS TO BE CONDUCT$ 9 AN OP5-M9D$ & HONE/ FA%ION4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ,I ?9K WORK ( ?AT SORT HAS A POLITICAL CONT5T ALMO/ AT ONCE & CAN /RIKE DIRECTLY AT REPRESSIVE 9/ITUTIONS4 ,TO CITE ONE EXAMPLE1 !RE'S A GR\P ( GRADUATE /UD5TS & JUNIOR FACULTY 9 ,ASIAN /UDIES AT ,H>V>D & O!R UNIV]SITIES :O HAVE =M$ A ,COMMITTEE ( ,CONC]N$ ,ASIAN ,S*OL>S ?AT IS ATTEMPT+ TO DEVELOP - ,I CAN ONLY DESCRIBE IT 9 VALUE-LAD5 T]MS - A MORE OBJECTIVE & H5CE MORE HUMANE & MORE SYMPA!TIC TREATM5T ( ! PROBLEMS ( ! DEVELOP+ ,ASIAN SOCIETIES4 ,IF ?IS ATTEMPT ON !IR P>T SUCCE$S - & ,I ?9K IT MAY1 IF IT CONSI/S ( SOLID & WELL-GR\ND$ WORK - IT MAY S]I\SLY WEAK5 ONE F\NDATION /ONE ( ! NATIONAL PSY*OSIS ?AT PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE 9 PROMOT+ ! G>RISON /ATE ) ITS 5ORM\S COMMITM5T ( RES\RCES TO DE/RUCTION & WA/E1 & ITS CONT9UAL POS+ ( ! ?REAT ( NUCLE> W>4 

,LET ME M5TION P]HAPS A MORE IMPORTANT EXAMPLE1 ! PROBLEM ( ORGANIZ+ SCI5TI/S TO REFUSE MILIT>Y WORK4 ,= EXAMPLE1 CONSID] ! MATT] ( ! ,A,B,M4 ,MO/ SCI5TI/S KN[ ?AT ! ,A,B,M IS A CATA/ROPHE1 ?AT IT WILL NOT 9CREASE \R SECURITY BUT 9 FACT WILL PROBABLY 5DANG] IT BY 9CREAS+ 9T]NATIONAL 9/ABILITY & T5SIONS4 ,BUT IT IS QUITE PR$ICTABLE ?AT HAV+ GIV5 !IR LECTURES TO ! ,S5ATE COMMITTEES1 MANY ( !SE V]Y SAME SCI5TI/S HAVE GONE TO WORK TO BUILD IT1 KN[+ :AT !Y >E DO+4 ,!RE IS NO LAW ( NATURE ?AT DICTATES ?AT ?IS MU/ BE ! CASE4 ,!Y CAN REFUSE 9DIVIDUALLY2 !Y CAN REFUSE COLLECTIVELY4 ,!Y CAN ORGANIZE TO REFUSE4 ,I ?9K ! REAL PO9T IS ?AT LECTURES ON ! IRRATIONALITY ( ! ,A,B,M1 ?\< QUITE AMUS+1 >E BASICALLY BESIDE ! PO9T IF 9 FACT ! ,A,B,M IS MOTIVAT$ NOT SO MU* BY ! SE>* = SECURITY AS BY ! NE$ TO PROVIDE A SUBSIDY = ! ELECTRONICS 9DU/RY4 ,& ,I ?9K !RE'S V]Y GOOD EVID5CE ?AT ?AT'S TRUE4 ,! FACT ( ! MATT] IS ?AT IF ,I MAY QUOTE FROM A PAP] GIV5 AT ! ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#f#g1 MEET+ ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,ECONOMICS ,ASSOCIATION - 

444 ! CURR5T PROPOSAL = AN ,A,B,M SY/EM HAS BE5 E/IMAT$ TO 9VOLVE #bh PRIVATE CONTRACTORS ) PLANTS LOCAT$ 9 #db /ATES & #agb CONGRESSIONAL DI/RICTS4 ,GIV5 ! POLITICAL REALITY ( SU* SITUATIONS & ! ECONOMIC P[] ( ! CON/ITU5CIES 9VOLV$1 !RE IS LITTLE HOPE ?AT ! 9T]ACTION ( SPECIAL 9T]E/ GR\PS WILL SOMEH[ CANCEL EA* O!R \T & ?AT !RE WILL EM]GE SOME COMPROMISE ?AT S]VES ! PUBLIC 9T]E/4 

,!SE 9T]E/ GR\PS >E FUR!R SPECIFI$ AS 0! ,>M$ ,S]VICES1 ! CONTRACTORS1 ! LABOR UNIONS1 ! LOBBYI/S :O SPEAK ( FREE 5T]PRISE :ILE !Y >E GETT+ A GOV]NM5T SUBSIDY1 ! LEGISLATURES :O = REASONS ( PORK OR PATRIOTISM VOTE ! FUNDS10 & SO ON4 ,!SE >E ! POLITICAL REALITIES2 !Y HAVE NOT GOT MU* TO DO ) :E!R !RE MI<T BE AN ACCID5TAL NUCLE> EXPLOSION OR ! *ANCES ( %OOT+ D[N ONE ( ?OSE ,*9ESE MISSILES ?AT ,MELV9 ,LAIRD IS WORRI$ AB\T4 ,9CID5TALLY1 ,I MI<T ADD ?AT ! ELECTRONICS 9DU/RY ITSELF IS QUITE AW>E ( ALL ( ?IS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 !RE IS A /UDY ( ! ,ELECTRONIC ,9DU/RIES ,ASSOCIATION ?AT DISCUSSES PROSPECTS = ! FUTURE4 ,IT /ATES ?AT 0>MS CONTROL AGREEM5TS DUR+ ! NEXT DECADE >E UNLIKELY4 ,! LIKELIHOOD ( LIMIT$ W> WILL 9CREASE & ?US = ! ELECTRONICS FIRMS ! \TLOOK IS GOOD 9 SPITE ( ! 5D ( HO/ILITIES 9 ,VIETNAM40 

,SCI5TI/S CAN ORGANIZE TO REFUSE COOP]ATION ) SU* PROJECTS1 & !Y CAN ALSO TRY TO ORGANIZE & TO TAKE P>T 9 ! MASS POLITICS ?AT PROVIDES ! ONLY HOPE 9 ! LONG RUN = C\NT]+ & ULTIMATELY DISPELL+ ! NI<TM>E ?AT !Y >E CREAT+4 ,I ?9K ?AT IF AN ORGANIZATION ( SCI5TI/S TO REFUSE MILIT>Y WORK DEVELOPS ON ANY SIGNIFICANT SCALE1 !N PRECISELY BECAUSE ( ! ROLE ?AT ?IS WORK PLAYS 9 MA9TA9+ ! SO-CALL$ 0HEAL?0 ( ! SOCIETY1 !Y MAY F9D !MSELVES 9VOLV$ 9 V]Y S]I\S POLITICAL ACTION4 ,I W\LDN'T BE SURPRIS$ IF !Y F9D !MSELVES 9VOLV$ 9 :AT IS CALL$ AN 0ILLEGAL CONSPIRACY10 9 A K9D ( RESI/ANCE4 ,9 G5]AL1 ,I ?9K ONE CAN EXPECT ?AT EFFECTIVE POLITICS - BY ?AT ,I MEAN POLITICS ?AT REALLY /RIKES AT 5TR5*$ 9T]E/S1 ?AT REALLY TRIES TO BR+ AB\T SIGNIFICANT SOCIAL *ANGE - IS V]Y LIKELY TO LEAD TO REPRESSION1 H5CE TO CONFRONTATION4 

,!RE IS A COROLL>Y TO ?IS ,OBS]VATION3 ,! SE>* = CONFRONTATION CLE>LY 9DICATES 9TELLECTUAL BANKRUPTCY4 ,IT 9DICATES ?AT ONE HAS NOT DEVELOP$ AN EFFECTIVE POLITICS ?AT BY VIRTUE ( ! WAY IT RELATES TO ! SOCIAL REALITIES1 CALLS =? AN ATTEMPT TO DEF5D E/ABLI%$ 9T]E/S & P]HAPS ATTEMPTS AT REPRESSION4 ,ONE :O TAKES HIS RHETORIC AT ALL S]I\SLY WILL WORK T[>DS S]I\S RE=MS1 P]HAPS EV5 RE=MS ?AT HAVE ULTIMATELY REVOLUTION>Y CONT5T1 & WILL TRY TO DELAY CONFRONTATIONS AS LONG AS POSSIBLE1 AT LEA/ UNTIL HE HAS SOME *ANCE ( SUCCE$+4 

,! SE>* = CONFRONTATIONS IS A SUICIDAL POLICY4 ,N[ !RE IS AN >GUM5T = ! SE>* = CONFRONTATIONS1 & ,I ?9K ONE %\LD FACE IT FRANKLY & OP5LY4 ,IT'S PUT =W>D CLE>LY BY PEOPLE LIKE - TO QUOTE A PA/ MA/] 9 ?IS - ,DANIEL ,COHN-,B5DIT4 ,HE D5IES BE+ A LEAD]1 BUT WAS C]TA9LY ONE ( ! MO/ >TICULATE SPOKESM5 = ! ,FR5* /UD5T ACTIONS4 ,HE HAS ! FOLL[+ TO SAY AB\T 0PROVOCATION10 AB\T CONFRONTATION POLITICS4 ,HE SAYS3 

,PROVOCATION IS NOT A WEAPON ( W> EXCEPT 9 SPECIAL CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,IT CAN ONLY BE US$ TO >\SE FEEL+S ?AT >E ALREADY PRES5T1 ALBEIT SUBM]G$4 ,9 \R CASE .<! /UD5T CASE 9 ,FRANCE.> WE EXPLOIT$ /UD5T 9SECURITY & DISGU/ ) LIFE 9 AN ALI5AT$ WORLD :]E HUMAN RELATIONS >E SO MU* M]*&ISE TO BE US$1 B\<T & SOLD 9 ! M>KET PLACE4 ,ALL WE DID !RE=E WAS TO PROVOKE /UD5TS TO EXPRESS !IR PASSIVE DISCONT5T1 FIR/ BY DEMON/RATIONS = !IR [N SAKE & !N BY POLITICAL ACTION1 DIRECTLY *ALL5G+ MOD]N SOCIETY4 ,! JU/IFICATION = ?IS TYPE ( PROVOCATION IS ITS ABILITY TO >\SE PEOPLE :O HAVE BE5 CRU%$ UND] ! WEI<T ( REPRESSION4 

,?AT IS NOT AN UNFAMILI> >GUM5T & ONE CANNOT DISC\NT IT4 ,BUT :5 WE TALK AB\T ! /UD5T MOVEM5T 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 WE >E REALLY NOT 9 ANY S]I\S S5SE TALK+ AB\T PEOPLE :O HAVE BE5 TRADITIONALLY CRU%$ UND] ! WEI<T ( REPRESSION4 ,?AT'S RA!R HYP]BOLIC4 ,& ,I ?9K 9 ! ACTUAL CONCRETE SITUATION ( ! /UD5T MOVEM5T ! IDEA ( CONFRONTATION TACTICS IS (T5 A CONFESSION ( ! 9ABILITY TO DEVELOP EFFECTIVE POLITICS OR ! UNWILL+NESS TO DO ! S]I\S & H>D WORK ( SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION ?AT CAN EASILY BE CONDEMN$ AS 0RE=MI/10 BUT ?AT ANY TRUE REVOLUTION>Y W\LD UND]/& IMM$IATELY IS ! ONLY K9D ( WORK ?AT C\LD LEAD TO NEW SOCIAL =MS1 :I* MI<T P]HAPS EV5 PAVE ! WAY = A REVOLUTION>Y OR F>-REA*+ *ANGE 9 SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4 

,I ?9K ?AT CONFRONTATION TACTICS AS !Y ACTUALLY EVOLVE >E FREQU5TLY RA!R MANIPULATIVE & CO]CIVE & REALLY ! PROP] K9DS ( TACTICS ONLY = A MOVEM5T ?AT1 9ADV]T5TLY OR NOT1 IS AIM+ T[>D AN ELITI/1 AU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURE ( A SORT ?AT WE HAVE HAD F> TOO MU* ( ON ! LEFT 9 ! LA/ HALF-C5TURY & ?AT 9 FACT HAS DE/ROY$ :AT !RE WAS ( A LIV+1 VITAL LEFT 9 ! ,WE/]N WORLD4 

,!RE IS A CONFUSION 9 ALL ( ?IS TALK AB\T TACTICS ?AT \<T TO BE FAC$ MORE CLE>LY 9 ! /UD5T MOVEM5T4 ,I AM REF]R+ TO ! PRACTICE ( C\NT]POS+ 0RADICAL TACTICS0 TO 0LIB]AL TACTICS40 ,?IS IS A S5SELESS DI/9CTION4 ,IT MAKES NO S5SE AT ALL TO TRY TO PLACE TACTICS 9 A SPECTRUM ( POLITICAL JUDGM5T4 ,TACTICS >E NEI!R RADICAL NOR CONS]VATIVE1 NOR DO !Y LIE ANY:]E ELSE ON ! POLITICAL SPECTRUM4 ,!Y >E SUCCESSFUL OR UNSUCCESSFUL 9 A*IEV+ C]TA9 GOALS ?AT MAY BE DISCUSS$ 9 T]MS ( !IR POLITICAL *>ACT]4 ,BUT TO TALK AB\T ! TACTICS AS :AT IS 0RADICAL0 OR 0LIB]AL0 IS TO MAKE A FUNDAM5TAL ]ROR4 ,P>T ( ! /YLE ( ! /UD5T MOVEM5T IS TO FOCUS GREAT ATT5TION ON IMM$IATE CONC]NS ?AT >E CLOSE AT H& - :AT DO Y\ DO TOMORR[1 H[ DO Y\ RELATE TO ! PEOPLE NE> Y\1 & SO ON4 ,?IS IS NICE 9 SOME WAYS4 ,IT GIVES AN ATTRACTIVE /YLE TO MANY ( ! /UD5T ACTIONS1 BUT IT CAN BE POLITICALLY QUITE DE/RUCTIVE1 ,I ?9K1 IF IT BECOMES ! G5]AL FRAMEWORK )9 :I* ! MOVEM5T DEVELOPS4 

,ANY S]I\S MOVEM5T = SOCIAL *ANGE WILL HAVE TO 9VOLVE MANY DIFF]5T /RATA ( ! POPULATION1 PEOPLE :O C]TA9LY SEE !IR NE$S & GOALS QUITE DIFF]5TLY1 9CLUD+ MANY GR\PS ?AT >E 9 NO POSITION EV5 TO >TICULATE !IR GOALS & NE$S1 & C]TA9LY NOT TO BR+ !M TO PUBLIC ATT5TION OR TO DEVELOP POLITICAL ACTION BAS$ ON !M4 ,I ?9K ?AT !SE MAY PROVE TO BE RELAT$ & COMPATIBLE GOALS BUT ( C\RSE ?AT HAS TO BE %[N4 

,! MAJOR TASK = 9TELLECTUALS - 9CLUD+ ! /UD5T MOVEM5T1 :I* 9 L>GE P>T HAS BE5 ! CUTT+ $GE ( A GR[+ MOVEM5T = SOCIAL *ANGE - IS TO TRY TO UND]/& & TO >TICULATE ?OSE GOALS1 TO TRY TO ASSESS & TO UND]/& ! PRES5T /ATE ( SOCIETY & H[ IT MI<T *ANGE1 :AT ALT]NATIVE =MS !RE >E = ! FUTURE1 TO TRY TO P]SUADE & TO ORGANIZE & ULTIMATELY TO ACT COLLECTIVELY :]E !Y CAN1 & 9DIVIDUALLY IF IT COMES TO ?AT4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IT IS CLE> ?AT IF ! ADULT COMMUNITY FAILS TO ACT 9 SOME WAY TO MEET ! REAL PROBLEMS ( ! UNIV]SITIES & SOCIETY1 IF IT CONT5TS ITSELF ) DEPLOR+ ! OCCASIONAL ABSURDITIES ( ! /UD5T MOVEM5T & V>I\S SUP]FICIAL MANIFE/ATIONS ( /UD5T PROTE/S1 !N ,I ?9K WE CAN EXPECT ) P]FECT CONFID5CE ?AT /UD5T UNRE/ WILL CONT9UE4 ,FUR!RMORE IT IS RI<T ?AT IT %\LD CONT9UE4 ,?OSE :O DEPLORE ! =MS ?AT IT TAKES1 ,I ?9K MI<T DO MU* BETT] TO ASK :AT !Y CAN DO TO ELIM9ATE ! EVILS ?AT CON/ITUTE ! CORE ( ! PROBLEMS WE FACE1 & !N PROCE$ TO ACT 9 A S]I\S & COMMITT$ MANN] TO CONFRONT !SE PROBLEMS4 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
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