,9 ,PRAISE ( ,IDL5ESS 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,B]TR& ,RUSSELL 

,TAGS 3 C5TRAL CONTROL OV] PRODUCTION1 VIRTUE ( H>D WORK1 W>RIORS & PRIE/S1 M5 & WOM51 HOLD]S ( P[]1 DIGNITY ( LABOR1 CONTROL OV] PRODUCTION1 EASE & SECURITY1 MOD]N WORLD1 MANUAL WORK4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,RI*>D ,TURN]1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,9 ,PRAISE ( ,IDL5ESS 
,?IS TEXT WAS FIR/ PROVID$ BY ! ,MASSA*USETTS ,GRE5 ,P>TY1  
BUT ,I F\ND \T ?AT !Y HAVE MOV$ OR DELET$ !IR PAGE1  
SO N[ ,I'M KEEP+ A 0MIRROR0 ( !IR TEXT4 

4 
    ,9 ?IS ESSAY1 
    ,LORD ,B]TR& ,RUSSELL PROPOSES A CUT 9 ! DEF9ITION ( FULL TIME TO F\R H\RS P] DAY4 
    ,AS ?IS >TICLE WAS WRITT5 9 #a#i#c#b1 HE HAS NOT ! B5EFIT ( KN[+ ?AT1 AS WE ADD$ 
    MORE WAGE-E>N]S P] FAMILY 7WOM5 5T]$ ! WORK =CE7 & FAMILIES %RUNK 7FEW] 
    KIDS71 & ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION BECOME MORE EFFICI5T 7BETT] MA*9ES7 ! NUMB] ( 
    H\RS EA* WAGE-E>N] MU/ WORK TO SUPPORT ! FAMILY HAS /AY$ CON/ANT4 ,!SE FACTS 
    SEEM TO UPHOLD ,RUSSELL'S PO9T4  

,LIKE MO/ ( MY G5]ATION1 ,I WAS BR\<T 
    UP ON ! SAY+3 ',SATAN F9DS SOME MIS*IEF = IDLE H&S TO DO4' ,BE+ A HI<LY 
    VIRTU\S *ILD1 ,I BELIEV$ ALL ?AT ,I WAS TOLD1 & ACQUIR$ A CONSCI5CE :I* HAS KEPT 
    ME WORK+ H>D D[N TO ! PRES5T MOM5T4 ,BUT AL?\< MY CONSCI5CE HAS CONTROLL$ MY 
    ACTIONS1 MY OP9IONS HAVE UND]GONE A REVOLUTION4 ,I ?9K ?AT !RE IS F> TOO MU* WORK 
    DONE 9 ! WORLD1 ?AT IMM5SE H>M IS CAUS$ BY ! BELIEF ?AT WORK IS VIRTU\S1 & 
    ?AT :AT NE$S TO BE PREA*$ 9 MOD]N 9DU/RIAL C\NTRIES IS QUITE DIFF]5T FROM :AT 
    ALWAYS HAS BE5 PREA*$4 ,EV]YONE KN[S ! /ORY ( ! TRAVEL] 9 ,NAPLES :O SAW 
    TWELVE BEGG>S LY+ 9 ! SUN 7IT WAS BE=E ! DAYS ( ,MUSSOL9I71 & (F]$ A LIRA 
    TO ! LAZIE/ ( !M4 ,ELEV5 ( !M JUMP$ UP TO CLAIM IT1 SO HE GAVE IT TO ! 
    TWELF?4 ?IS TRAVEL] WAS ON ! RI<T L9ES4 ,BUT 9 C\NTRIES :I* DO NOT 5JOY 
    ,M$IT]RANEAN SUN%9E IDL5ESS IS MORE DIFFICULT1 & A GREAT PUBLIC PROPAG&A WILL BE 
    REQUIR$ TO 9AUGURATE IT4 ,I HOPE ?AT1 AFT] READ+ ! FOLL[+ PAGES1 ! LEAD]S ( 
    ! ,Y,M,C,A WILL />T A CAMPAIGN TO 9DUCE GOOD Y\NG M5 TO DO NO?+4 ,IF SO1 ,I %ALL NOT 
    HAVE LIV$ 9 VA94  
     

,BE=E 
    ADVANC+ MY [N >GUM5TS = LAZ9ESS1 ,I MU/ DISPOSE ( ONE :I* ,I CANNOT ACCEPT4 
    ,:5EV] A P]SON :O ALREADY HAS 5\< TO LIVE ON PROPOSES TO 5GAGE 9 SOME EV]YDAY 
    K9D ( JOB1 SU* AS S*OOL-TEA*+ OR TYP+1 HE OR %E IS TOLD ?AT SU* CONDUCT TAKES 
    ! BREAD \T ( O!R PEOPLE'S M\?S1 & IS !RE=E WICK$4 ,IF ?IS >GUM5T W]E 
    VALID1 IT W\LD ONLY BE NECESS>Y = US ALL TO BE IDLE 9 ORD] ?AT WE %\LD ALL HAVE 
    \R M\?S FULL ( BREAD4 ,:AT PEOPLE :O SAY SU* ?+S =GET IS ?AT :AT A MAN E>NS 
    HE USUALLY SP5DS1 & 9 SP5D+ HE GIVES EMPLOYM5T4 ,AS LONG AS A MAN SP5DS HIS 
    9COME1 HE PUTS JU/ AS MU* BREAD 9TO PEOPLE'S M\?S 9 SP5D+ AS HE TAKES \T ( 
    O!R PEOPLE'S M\?S 9 E>N+4 ,! REAL VILLA91 FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 IS ! MAN 
    :O SAVES4 ,IF HE M]ELY PUTS HIS SAV+S 9 A /OCK+1 LIKE ! PROV]BIAL ,FR5* 
    PEASANT1 IT IS OBVI\S ?AT !Y DO NOT GIVE EMPLOYM5T4 ,IF HE 9VE/S HIS SAV+S1 ! 
    MATT] IS LESS OBVI\S1 & DIFF]5T CASES >ISE4  
     

,ONE ( ! 
    COMMONE/ ?+S TO DO ) SAV+S IS TO L5D !M TO SOME ,GOV]NM5T4 ,9 VIEW ( ! 
    FACT ?AT ! BULK ( ! PUBLIC EXP5DITURE ( MO/ CIVILIZ$ ,GOV]NM5TS CONSI/S 9 
    PAYM5T = PA/ W>S OR PREP>ATION = FUTURE W>S1 ! MAN :O L5DS HIS MONEY TO A 
    ,GOV]NM5T IS 9 ! SAME POSITION AS ! BAD M5 9 ,%AKESPE>E :O HIRE MURD]]S4 ,! 
    NET RESULT ( ! MAN'S ECONOMICAL HABITS IS TO 9CREASE ! >M$ =CES ( ! ,/ATE TO 
    :I* HE L5DS HIS SAV+S4 ,OBVI\SLY IT W\LD BE BETT] IF HE SP5T ! MONEY1 EV5 IF HE 
    SP5T IT 9 DR9K OR GAMBL+4  
     

,BUT1 ,I 
    %ALL BE TOLD1 ! CASE IS QUITE DIFF]5T :5 SAV+S >E 9VE/$ 9 9DU/RIAL 
    5T]PRISES4 ,:5 SU* 5T]PRISES SUCCE$1 & PRODUCE SOME?+ USEFUL1 ?IS MAY BE 
    CONC$$4 ,9 !SE DAYS1 H[EV]1 NO ONE WILL D5Y ?AT MO/ 5T]PRISES FAIL4 ,?AT MEANS 
    ?AT A L>GE AM\NT ( HUMAN LABOR1 :I* MI<T HAVE BE5 DEVOT$ TO PRODUC+ SOME?+ 
    ?AT C\LD BE 5JOY$1 WAS EXP5D$ ON PRODUC+ MA*9ES :I*1 :5 PRODUC$1 LAY IDLE 
    & DID NO GOOD TO ANYONE4 ,! MAN :O 9VE/S HIS SAV+S 9 A CONC]N ?AT GOES BANKRUPT 
    IS !RE=E 9JUR+ O!RS AS WELL AS HIMSELF4 ,IF HE SP5T HIS MONEY1 SAY1 9 GIV+ 
    P>TIES = HIS FRI5DS1 !Y 7WE MAY HOPE7 W\LD GET PLEASURE1 & SO W\LD ALL ?OSE 
    UPON :OM HE SP5T MONEY1 SU* AS ! BUT*]1 ! BAK]1 & ! BOOTLEGG]4 ,BUT IF HE 
    SP5DS IT 7LET US SAY7 UPON LAY+ D[N RAILS = SURFACE C>D 9 SOME PLACE :]E SURFACE 
    C>S TURN \T NOT TO BE WANT$1 HE HAS DIV]T$ A MASS ( LABOR 9TO *ANNELS :]E IT 
    GIVES PLEASURE TO NO ONE4 ,NEV]!LESS1 :5 HE BECOMES POOR ?R\< FAILURE ( HIS 
    9VE/M5T HE WILL BE REG>D$ AS A VICTIM ( UNDES]V$ MIS=TUNE1 :]EAS ! GAY 
    SP5D?RIFT1 :O HAS SP5T HIS MONEY PHILAN?ROPICALLY1 WILL BE DESPIS$ AS A FOOL & A 
    FRIVOL\S P]SON4  
     

,ALL ?IS IS 
    ONLY PRELIM9>Y4 ,I WANT TO SAY1 9 ALL S]I\SNESS1 ?AT A GREAT DEAL ( H>M IS BE+ 
    DONE 9 ! MOD]N WORLD BY BELIEF 9 ! VIRTU\SNESS ( WORK1 & ?AT ! ROAD TO 
    HAPP9ESS & PROSP]ITY LIES 9 AN ORGANIZ$ DIM9UTION ( WORK4  
     

,FIR/ ( 
    ALL3 :AT IS WORK8 ,WORK IS ( TWO K9DS3 FIR/1 ALT]+ ! POSITION ( MATT] AT OR NE> 
    ! E>?'S SURFACE RELATIVELY TO O!R SU* MATT]2 SECOND1 TELL+ O!R PEOPLE TO DO 
    SO4 ,! FIR/ K9D IS UNPLEASANT & ILL PAID2 ! SECOND IS PLEASANT & HI<LY PAID4 ,! 
    SECOND K9D IS CAPABLE ( 9DEF9ITE EXT5SION3 !RE >E NOT ONLY ?OSE :O GIVE ORD]S1 
    BUT ?OSE :O GIVE ADVICE AS TO :AT ORD]S %\LD BE GIV54 ,USUALLY TWO OPPOSITE K9DS ( 
    ADVICE >E GIV5 SIMULTANE\SLY BY TWO ORGANIZ$ BODIES ( M52 ?IS IS CALL$ POLITICS4 
    ,! SKILL REQUIR$ = ?IS K9D ( WORK IS NOT KN[L$GE ( ! SUBJECTS AS TO :I* 
    ADVICE IS GIV51 BUT KN[L$GE ( ! >T ( P]SUASIVE SPEAK+ & WRIT+1 I4E4 ( 
    ADV]TIS+4  
     

,?R\<\T 
    ,EUROPE1 ?\< NOT 9 ,AM]ICA1 !RE IS A ?IRD CLASS ( M51 MORE RESPECT$ ?AN EI!R 
    ( ! CLASSES ( WORK]S4 ,!RE >E M5 :O1 ?R\< [N]%IP ( L&1 >E ABLE TO MAKE 
    O!RS PAY = ! PRIVILEGE ( BE+ ALL[$ TO EXI/ & TO WORK4 ,!SE L&[N]S >E 
    IDLE1 & ,I MI<T !RE=E BE EXPECT$ TO PRAISE !M4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 !IR IDL5ESS IS 
    ONLY R5D]$ POSSIBLE BY ! 9DU/RY ( O!RS2 9DE$ !IR DESIRE = COM=TABLE 
    IDL5ESS IS HI/ORICALLY ! S\RCE ( ! :OLE GOSPEL ( WORK4 ,! LA/ ?+ !Y HAVE 
    EV] WI%$ IS ?AT O!RS %\LD FOLL[ !IR EXAMPLE4  
     

,FROM ! 
    BEG9N+ ( CIVILIZATION UNTIL ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION1 A MAN C\LD1 AS A RULE1 PRODUCE 
    BY H>D WORK LITTLE MORE ?AN WAS REQUIR$ = ! SUBSI/5CE ( HIMSELF & HIS FAMILY1 
    AL?\< HIS WIFE WORK$ AT LEA/ AS H>D AS HE DID1 & HIS *ILDR5 ADD$ !IR LABOR AS 
    SOON AS !Y W]E OLD 5\< TO DO SO4 ,! SMALL SURPLUS ABOVE B>E NECESS>IES WAS NOT 
    LEFT TO ?OSE :O PRODUC$ IT1 BUT WAS APPROPRIAT$ BY W>RIORS & PRIE/S4 ,9 TIMES ( 
    FAM9E !RE WAS NO SURPLUS2 ! W>RIORS & PRIE/S1 H[EV]1 /ILL SECUR$ AS MU* AS 
    AT O!R TIMES1 ) ! RESULT ?AT MANY ( ! WORK]S DI$ ( HUNG]4 ,?IS SY/EM 
    P]SI/$ 9 ,RUSSIA UNTIL #aiag .<#a.>1 & /ILL P]SI/S 9 ! ,EA/2 9 ,5GL&1 9 SPITE 
    ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION1 IT REMA9$ 9 FULL =CE ?R\<\T ! ,NAPOLEONIC W>S1 
    & UNTIL A HUNDR$ YE>S AGO1 :5 ! NEW CLASS ( MANUFACTUR]S ACQUIR$ P[]4 ,9 
    ,AM]ICA1 ! SY/EM CAME TO AN 5D ) ! ,REVOLUTION1 EXCEPT 9 ! ,S\?1 :]E IT 
    P]SI/$ UNTIL ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,A SY/EM :I* LA/$ SO LONG & 5D$ SO REC5TLY HAS 
    NATURALLY LEFT A PR(\ND IMPRESS UPON M5'S ?\<TS & OP9IONS4 ,MU* ?AT WE TAKE = 
    GRANT$ AB\T ! DESIRABILITY ( WORK IS D]IV$ FROM ?IS SY/EM1 &1 BE+ 
    PRE-9DU/RIAL1 IS NOT ADAPT$ TO ! MOD]N WORLD4 ,MOD]N TE*NIQUE HAS MADE IT POSSIBLE 
    = LEISURE1 )9 LIMITS1 TO BE NOT ! PR]OGATIVE ( SMALL PRIVILEG$ CLASSES1 BUT A 
    RI<T EV5LY DI/RIBUT$ ?R\<\T ! COMMUNITY4 ,! MORALITY ( WORK IS ! MORALITY ( 
    SLAVES1 & ! MOD]N WORLD HAS NO NE$ ( SLAV]Y4  
     

,IT IS 
    OBVI\S ?AT1 9 PRIMITIVE COMMUNITIES1 PEASANTS1 LEFT TO !MSELVES1 W\LD NOT HAVE 
    P>T$ ) ! SL5D] SURPLUS UPON :I* ! W>RIORS & PRIE/S SUBSI/$1 BUT W\LD 
    HAVE EI!R PRODUC$ LESS OR CONSUM$ MORE4 ,AT FIR/1 %E] =CE COMPELL$ !M TO 
    PRODUCE & P>T ) ! SURPLUS4 ,GRADUALLY1 H[EV]1 IT WAS F\ND POSSIBLE TO 9DUCE 
    MANY ( !M TO ACCEPT AN E?IC ACCORD+ TO :I* IT WAS !IR DUTY TO WORK H>D1 
    AL?\< P>T ( !IR WORK W5T TO SUPPORT O!RS 9 IDL5ESS4 ,BY ?IS MEANS ! AM\NT 
    ( COMPULSION REQUIR$ WAS LESS5$1 & ! EXP5SES ( GOV]NM5T W]E DIM9I%$4 ,TO 
    ?IS DAY1 #ii P]C5T ( ,BRITI% WAGE-E>N]S W\LD BE G5U9ELY %OCK$ IF IT W]E 
    PROPOS$ ?AT ! ,K+ %\LD NOT HAVE A L>G] 9COME ?AN A WORK+ MAN4 ,! CONCEPTION 
    ( DUTY1 SPEAK+ HI/ORICALLY1 HAS BE5 A MEANS US$ BY ! HOLD]S ( P[] TO 9DUCE 
    O!RS TO LIVE = ! 9T]E/S ( !IR MA/]S RA!R ?AN = !IR [N4 ,( C\RSE ! 
    HOLD]S ( P[] CONCEAL ?IS FACT FROM !MSELVES BY MANAG+ TO BELIEVE ?AT !IR 
    9T]E/S >E ID5TICAL ) ! L>G] 9T]E/S ( HUMANITY4 ,SOMETIMES ?IS IS TRUE2 
    ,A!NIAN SLAVE-[N]S1 = 9/ANCE1 EMPLOY$ P>T ( !IR LEISURE 9 MAK+ A P]MAN5T 
    CONTRIBUTION TO CIVILIZATION :I* W\LD HAVE BE5 IMPOSSIBLE UND] A JU/ ECONOMIC 
    SY/EM4 ,LEISURE IS ESS5TIAL TO CIVILIZATION1 & 9 =M] TIMES LEISURE = ! FEW WAS 
    ONLY R5D]$ POSSIBLE BY ! LABORS ( ! MANY4 ,BUT !IR LABORS W]E VALUABLE1 NOT 
    BECAUSE WORK IS GOOD1 BUT BECAUSE LEISURE IS GOOD4 ,& ) MOD]N TE*NIQUE IT W\LD BE 
    POSSIBLE TO DI/RIBUTE LEISURE JU/LY )\T 9JURY TO CIVILIZATION4  
     

,MOD]N 
    TE*NIQUE HAS MADE IT POSSIBLE TO DIM9I% 5ORM\SLY ! AM\NT ( LABOR REQUIR$ TO 
    SECURE ! NECESS>IES ( LIFE = EV]YONE4 ,?IS WAS MADE OBVI\S DUR+ ! W>4 ,AT ?AT 
    TIME ALL ! M5 9 ! >M$ =CES1 & ALL ! M5 & WOM5 5GAG$ 9 ! PRODUCTION 
    ( MUNITIONS1 ALL ! M5 & WOM5 5GAG$ 9 SPY+1 W> PROPAG&A1 OR ,GOV]NM5T 
    (FICES CONNECT$ ) ! W>1 W]E )DRAWN FROM PRODUCTIVE OCCUPATIONS4 ,9 SPITE ( 
    ?IS1 ! G5]AL LEVEL ( WELL-BE+ AMONG UNSKILL$ WAGE-E>N]S ON ! SIDE ( ! 
    ,ALLIES WAS HI<] ?AN BE=E OR S9CE4 ,! SIGNIFICANCE ( ?IS FACT WAS CONCEAL$ BY 
    F9ANCE3 BORR[+ MADE IT APPE> AS IF ! FUTURE WAS N\RI%+ ! PRES5T4 ,BUT ?AT1 
    ( C\RSE1 W\LD HAVE BE5 IMPOSSIBLE2 A MAN CANNOT EAT A LOAF ( BREAD ?AT DOES NOT YET 
    EXI/4 ,! W> %[$ CONCLUSIVELY ?AT1 BY ! SCI5TIFIC ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION1 IT 
    IS POSSIBLE TO KEEP MOD]N POPULATIONS 9 FAIR COM=T ON A SMALL P>T ( ! WORK+ 
    CAPACITY ( ! MOD]N WORLD4 ,IF1 AT ! 5D ( ! W>1 ! SCI5TIFIC ORGANIZATION1 
    :I* HAD BE5 CREAT$ 9 ORD] TO LIB]ATE M5 = FI<T+ & MUNITION WORK1 HAD BE5 
    PRES]V$1 & ! H\RS ( ! WEEK HAD BE5 CUT D[N TO F\R1 ALL W\LD HAVE BE5 WELL4 
    ,9/EAD ( ?AT ! OLD *AOS WAS RE/OR$1 ?OSE :OSE WORK WAS DEM&$ W]E MADE TO 
    WORK LONG H\RS1 & ! RE/ W]E LEFT TO />VE AS UNEMPLOY$4 ,:Y8 ,BECAUSE WORK IS A 
    DUTY1 & A MAN %\LD NOT RECEIVE WAGES 9 PROPORTION TO :AT HE HAS PRODUC$1 BUT 9 
    PROPORTION TO HIS VIRTUE AS EXEMPLIFI$ BY HIS 9DU/RY4  
     

,?IS IS ! 
    MORALITY ( ! ,SLAVE ,/ATE1 APPLI$ 9 CIRCUM/ANCES TOTALLY UNLIKE ?OSE 9 :I* IT 
    >OSE4 ,NO WOND] ! RESULT HAS BE5 DISA/R\S4 ,LET US TAKE AN ILLU/RATION4 ,SUPPOSE 
    ?AT1 AT A GIV5 MOM5T1 A C]TA9 NUMB] ( PEOPLE >E 5GAG$ 9 ! MANUFACTURE ( 
    P9S4 ,!Y MAKE AS MANY P9S AS ! WORLD NE$S1 WORK+ 7SAY7 EI<T H\RS A DAY4 ,SOMEONE 
    MAKES AN 9V5TION BY :I* ! SAME NUMB] ( M5 CAN MAKE TWICE AS MANY P9S3 P9S >E 
    ALREADY SO *EAP ?AT H>DLY ANY MORE WILL BE B\<T AT A L[] PRICE4 ,9 A S5SIBLE 
    WORLD1 EV]YBODY CONC]N$ 9 ! MANUFACTUR+ ( P9S W\LD TAKE TO WORK+ F\R H\RS 
    9/EAD ( EI<T1 & EV]Y?+ ELSE W\LD GO ON AS BE=E4 ,BUT 9 ! ACTUAL WORLD ?IS 
    W\LD BE ?\<T DEMORALIZ+4 ,! M5 /ILL WORK EI<T H\RS1 !RE >E TOO MANY P9S1 
    SOME EMPLOY]S GO BANKRUPT1 & HALF ! M5 PREVI\SLY CONC]N$ 9 MAK+ P9S >E 
    ?R[N \T ( WORK4 ,!RE IS1 9 ! 5D1 JU/ AS MU* LEISURE AS ON ! O!R PLAN1 BUT 
    HALF ! M5 >E TOTALLY IDLE :ILE HALF >E /ILL OV]WORK$4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 IT IS 9SUR$ 
    ?AT ! UNAVOIDABLE LEISURE %ALL CAUSE MIS]Y ALL R\ND 9/EAD ( BE+ A UNIV]SAL 
    S\RCE ( HAPP9ESS4 ,CAN ANY?+ MORE 9SANE BE IMAG9$8  
     

,! IDEA 
    ?AT ! POOR %\LD HAVE LEISURE HAS ALWAYS BE5 %OCK+ TO ! RI*4 ,9 ,5GL&1 9 ! 
    E>LY N9ETE5? C5TURY1 FIFTE5 H\RS WAS ! ORD9>Y DAY'S WORK = A MAN2 *ILDR5 
    SOMETIMES DID AS MU*1 & V]Y COMMONLY DID TWELVE H\RS A DAY4 ,:5 M$DLESOME 
    BUSYBODIES SUGGE/$ ?AT P]HAPS !SE H\RS W]E RA!R LONG1 !Y W]E TOLD ?AT WORK 
    KEPT ADULTS FROM DR9K & *ILDR5 FROM MIS*IEF4 ,:5 ,I WAS A *ILD1 %ORTLY AFT] URBAN 
    WORK+ M5 HAD ACQUIR$ ! VOTE1 C]TA9 PUBLIC HOLIDAYS W]E E/ABLI%$ BY LAW1 TO ! 
    GREAT 9DIGNATION ( ! UPP] CLASSES4 ,I REMEMB] HE>+ AN OLD ,DU*ESS SAY3 ',:AT DO 
    ! POOR WANT ) HOLIDAYS8 ,!Y \<T TO WORK4' ,PEOPLE N[ADAYS >E LESS FRANK1 BUT ! 
    S5TIM5T P]SI/S1 & IS ! S\RCE ( MU* ( \R ECONOMIC CONFUSION4  
     

,LET US1 = 
    A MOM5T1 CONSID] ! E?ICS ( WORK FRANKLY1 )\T SUP]/ITION4 ,EV]Y HUMAN BE+1 ( 
    NECESSITY1 CONSUMES1 9 ! C\RSE ( HIS LIFE1 A C]TA9 AM\NT ( ! PRODUCE ( HUMAN 
    LABOR4 ,ASSUM+1 AS WE MAY1 ?AT LABOR IS ON ! :OLE DISAGREEABLE1 IT IS UNJU/ ?AT A 
    MAN %\LD CONSUME MORE ?AN HE PRODUCES4 ,( C\RSE HE MAY PROVIDE S]VICES RA!R ?AN 
    COMMODITIES1 LIKE A M$ICAL MAN1 = EXAMPLE2 BUT HE %\LD PROVIDE SOME?+ 9 RETURN 
    = HIS BO>D & LODG+4 TO ?IS EXT5T1 ! DUTY ( WORK MU/ BE ADMITT$1 BUT TO ?IS 
    EXT5T ONLY4  
     

,I %ALL NOT 
    DWELL UPON ! FACT ?AT1 9 ALL MOD]N SOCIETIES \TSIDE ! ,U,S,S,R1 MANY PEOPLE ESCAPE 
    EV5 ?IS M9IMUM AM\NT ( WORK1 NAMELY ALL ?OSE :O 9H]IT MONEY & ALL ?OSE :O 
    M>RY MONEY4 ,I DO NOT ?9K ! FACT ?AT !SE PEOPLE >E ALL[$ TO BE IDLE IS NE>LY SO 
    H>MFUL AS ! FACT ?AT WAGE-E>N]S >E EXPECT$ TO OV]WORK OR />VE4  
     

,IF ! 
    ORD9>Y WAGE-E>N] WORK$ F\R H\RS A DAY1 !RE W\LD BE 5\< = EV]YBODY & NO 
    UNEMPLOYM5T -- ASSUM+ A C]TA9 V]Y MOD]ATE AM\NT ( S5SIBLE ORGANIZATION4 ,?IS 
    IDEA %OCKS ! WELL-TO-DO1 BECAUSE !Y >E CONV9C$ ?AT ! POOR W\LD NOT KN[ H[ TO 
    USE SO MU* LEISURE4 ,9 ,AM]ICA M5 (T5 WORK LONG H\RS EV5 :5 !Y >E WELL (F2 
    SU* M51 NATURALLY1 >E 9DIGNANT AT ! IDEA ( LEISURE = WAGE-E>N]S1 EXCEPT AS ! 
    GRIM PUNI%M5T ( UNEMPLOYM5T2 9 FACT1 !Y DISLIKE LEISURE EV5 = !IR SONS4 ,ODDLY 
    5\<1 :ILE !Y WI% !IR SONS TO WORK SO H>D AS TO HAVE NO TIME TO BE CIVILIZ$1 
    !Y DO NOT M9D !IR WIVES & DAU<T]S HAV+ NO WORK AT ALL4 ! SNOBBI% ADMIRATION 
    ( USELESSNESS1 :I*1 9 AN >I/OCRATIC SOCIETY1 EXT5DS TO BO? SEXES1 IS1 UND] A 
    PLUTOCRACY1 CONF9$ TO WOM52 ?IS1 H[EV]1 DOES NOT MAKE IT ANY MORE 9 AGREEM5T ) 
    COMMON S5SE4  
     

,! WISE 
    USE ( LEISURE1 IT MU/ BE CONC$$1 IS A PRODUCT ( CIVILIZATION & $UCATION4 ,A MAN :O 
    HAS WORK$ LONG H\RS ALL HIS LIFE WILL BECOME BOR$ IF HE BECOMES SUDD5LY IDLE4 ,BUT 
    )\T A CONSID]ABLE AM\NT ( LEISURE A MAN IS CUT (F FROM MANY ( ! BE/ ?+S4 
    ,!RE IS NO LONG] ANY REASON :Y ! BULK ( ! POPULATION %\LD SUFF] ?IS 
    DEPRIVATION2 ONLY A FOOLI% ASCETICISM1 USUALLY VIC>I\S1 MAKES US CONT9UE TO 9SI/ ON 
    WORK 9 EXCESSIVE QUANTITIES N[ ?AT ! NE$ NO LONG] EXI/S4  
     

,9 ! NEW 
    CRE$ :I* CONTROLS ! GOV]NM5T ( ,RUSSIA1 :ILE !RE IS MU* ?AT IS V]Y DIFF]5T 
    FROM ! TRADITIONAL TEA*+ ( ! ,WE/1 !RE >E SOME ?+S ?AT >E QUITE UN*ANG$4 
    ,! ATTITUDE ( ! GOV]N+ CLASSES1 & ESPECIALLY ( ?OSE :O CONDUCT $UCATIONAL 
    PROPAG&A1 ON ! SUBJECT ( ! DIGNITY ( LABOR1 IS ALMO/ EXACTLY ?AT :I* ! 
    GOV]N+ CLASSES ( ! WORLD HAVE ALWAYS PREA*$ TO :AT W]E CALL$ ! 'HONE/ POOR'4 
    ,9DU/RY1 SOBRIETY1 WILL+NESS TO WORK LONG H\RS = DI/ANT ADVANTAGES1 EV5 
    SUBMISSIV5ESS TO AU?ORITY1 ALL !SE REAPPE>2 MOREOV] AU?ORITY /ILL REPRES5TS ! 
    WILL ( ! ,RUL] ( ! ,UNIV]SE1 ,:O1 H[EV]1 IS N[ CALL$ BY A NEW NAME1 ,DIALECTICAL 
    ,MAT]IALISM4  
     

,! VICTORY 
    ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ,RUSSIA HAS SOME PO9TS 9 COMMON ) ! VICTORY ( ! FEM9I/S 
    9 SOME O!R C\NTRIES4 ,= AGES1 M5 HAD CONC$$ ! SUP]IOR SA9TL9ESS ( WOM51 & 
    HAD CONSOL$ WOM5 = !IR 9F]IORITY BY MA9TA9+ ?AT SA9TL9ESS IS MORE DESIRABLE 
    ?AN P[]4 ,AT LA/ ! FEM9I/S DECID$ ?AT !Y W\LD HAVE BO?1 S9CE ! PIONE]S 
    AMONG !M BELIEV$ ALL ?AT ! M5 HAD TOLD !M AB\T ! DESIRABILITY ( VIRTUE1 BUT 
    NOT :AT !Y HAD TOLD !M AB\T ! WOR?LESSNESS ( POLITICAL P[]4 ,A SIMIL> ?+ 
    HAS HAPP5$ 9 ,RUSSIA AS REG>DS MANUAL WORK4 ,= AGES1 ! RI* & !IR SYCOPHANTS 
    HAVE WRITT5 9 PRAISE ( 'HONE/ TOIL'1 HAVE PRAIS$ ! SIMPLE LIFE1 HAVE PR(ESS$ A 
    RELIGION :I* TEA*ES ?AT ! POOR >E MU* MORE LIKELY TO GO TO HEAV5 ?AN ! RI*1 
    & 9 G5]AL HAVE TRI$ TO MAKE MANUAL WORK]S BELIEVE ?AT !RE IS SOME SPECIAL 
    NOBILITY AB\T ALT]+ ! POSITION ( MATT] 9 SPACE1 JU/ AS M5 TRI$ TO MAKE WOM5 
    BELIEVE ?AT !Y D]IV$ SOME SPECIAL NOBILITY FROM !IR SEXUAL 5SLAVEM5T4 ,9 ,RUSSIA1 
    ALL ?IS TEA*+ AB\T ! EXCELL5CE ( MANUAL WORK HAS BE5 TAK5 S]I\SLY1 ) ! 
    RESULT ?AT ! MANUAL WORK] IS MORE HONOR$ ?AN ANYONE ELSE4 ,:AT >E1 9 ESS5CE1 
    REVIVALI/ APPEALS >E MADE1 BUT NOT = ! OLD PURPOSES3 !Y >E MADE TO SECURE %OCK 
    WORK]S = SPECIAL TASKS4 ,MANUAL WORK IS ! IDEAL :I* IS HELD BE=E ! Y\NG1 & IS 
    ! BASIS ( ALL E?ICAL TEA*+4  
     

,= ! 
    PRES5T1 POSSIBLY1 ?IS IS ALL TO ! GOOD4 ,A L>GE C\NTRY1 FULL ( NATURAL RES\RCES1 
    AWAITS DEVELOPM5T1 & HAS HAS TO BE DEVELOP$ ) V]Y LITTLE USE ( CR$IT4 ,9 !SE 
    CIRCUM/ANCES1 H>D WORK IS NECESS>Y1 & IS LIKELY TO BR+ A GREAT REW>D4 ,BUT :AT 
    WILL HAPP5 :5 ! PO9T HAS BE5 REA*$ :]E EV]YBODY C\LD BE COM=TABLE )\T 
    WORK+ LONG H\RS8  
     

,9 ! 
    ,WE/1 WE HAVE V>I\S WAYS ( DEAL+ ) ?IS PROBLEM4 ,WE HAVE NO ATTEMPT AT ECONOMIC 
    JU/ICE1 SO ?AT A L>GE PROPORTION ( ! TOTAL PRODUCE GOES TO A SMALL M9ORITY ( ! 
    POPULATION1 MANY ( :OM DO NO WORK AT ALL4 ,[+ TO ! ABS5CE ( ANY C5TRAL CONTROL 
    OV] PRODUCTION1 WE PRODUCE HO/S ( ?+S ?AT >E NOT WANT$4 ,WE KEEP A L>GE 
    P]C5TAGE ( ! WORK+ POPULATION IDLE1 BECAUSE WE CAN DISP5SE ) !IR LABOR BY 
    MAK+ ! O!RS OV]WORK4 ,:5 ALL !SE ME?ODS PROVE 9ADEQUATE1 WE HAVE A W>3 WE 
    CAUSE A NUMB] ( PEOPLE TO MANUFACTURE HI< EXPLOSIVES1 & A NUMB] ( O!RS TO EXPLODE 
    !M1 AS IF WE W]E *ILDR5 :O HAD JU/ DISCOV]$ FIREWORKS4 ,BY A COMB9ATION ( ALL 
    !SE DEVICES WE MANAGE1 ?\< ) DIFFICULTY1 TO KEEP ALIVE ! NOTION ?AT A GREAT 
    DEAL ( SEV]E MANUAL WORK MU/ BE ! LOT ( ! AV]AGE MAN4  
     

,9 ,RUSSIA1 
    [+ TO MORE ECONOMIC JU/ICE & C5TRAL CONTROL OV] PRODUCTION1 ! PROBLEM WILL HAVE 
    TO BE DIFF]5TLY SOLV$4 ! RATIONAL SOLUTION W\LD BE1 AS SOON AS ! NECESS>IES & 
    ELEM5T>Y COM=TS CAN BE PROVID$ = ALL1 TO R$UCE ! H\RS ( LABOR GRADUALLY1 
    ALL[+ A POPUL> VOTE TO DECIDE1 AT EA* /AGE1 :E!R MORE LEISURE OR MORE GOODS W]E 
    TO BE PREF]R$4 ,BUT1 HAV+ TAU<T ! SUPREME VIRTUE ( H>D WORK1 IT IS DIFFICULT TO 
    SEE H[ ! AU?ORITIES CAN AIM AT A P>ADISE 9 :I* !RE WILL BE MU* LEISURE & 
    LITTLE WORK4 ,IT SEEMS MORE LIKELY ?AT !Y WILL F9D CONT9UALLY FRE% S*EMES1 BY :I* 
    PRES5T LEISURE IS TO BE SACRIFIC$ TO FUTURE PRODUCTIVITY4 ,I READ REC5TLY ( AN 
    +5I\S PLAN PUT =W>D BY ,RUSSIAN 5G9E]S1 = MAK+ ! ,:ITE ,SEA & ! NOR!RN 
    COA/S ( ,SIB]IA W>M1 BY PUTT+ A DAM ACROSS ! ,K>A ,SEA4 ,AN ADMIRABLE PROJECT1 BUT 
    LIABLE TO PO/PONE PROLET>IAN COM=T = A G5]ATION1 :ILE ! NOBILITY ( TOIL IS 
    BE+ DISPLAY$ AMID ! ICE-FIELDS & SN[/ORMS ( ! ,>CTIC ,OCEAN4 ,?IS SORT ( 
    ?+1 IF IT HAPP5S1 WILL BE ! RESULT ( REG>D+ ! VIRTUE ( H>D WORK AS AN 5D 9 
    ITSELF1 RA!R ?AN AS A MEANS TO A /ATE ( AFFAIRS 9 :I* IT IS NO LONG] NE$$4  
     

,! FACT IS 
    ?AT MOV+ MATT] AB\T1 :ILE A C]TA9 AM\NT ( IT IS NECESS>Y TO \R EXI/5CE1 IS 
    EMPHATICALLY NOT ONE ( ! 5DS ( HUMAN LIFE4 ,IF IT W]E1 WE %\LD HAVE TO CONSID] 
    EV]Y NAVVY SUP]IOR TO ,%AKESPE>E4 ,WE HAVE BE5 MISL$ 9 ?IS MATT] BY TWO CAUSES4 ,ONE 
    IS ! NECESSITY ( KEEP+ ! POOR CONT5T$1 :I* HAS L$ ! RI*1 = ?\S&S ( 
    YE>S1 TO PREA* ! DIGNITY ( LABOR1 :ILE TAK+ C>E !MSELVES TO REMA9 UNDIGNIFI$ 
    9 ?IS RESPECT4 ,! O!R IS ! NEW PLEASURE 9 ME*ANISM1 :I* MAKES US DELI<T 9 ! 
    A/ONI%+LY CLEV] *ANGES ?AT WE CAN PRODUCE ON ! E>?'S SURFACE4 ,NEI!R ( !SE 
    MOTIVES MAKES ANY GREAT APPEAL TO ! ACTUAL WORK]4 ,IF Y\ ASK HIM :AT HE ?9KS ! 
    BE/ P>T ( HIS LIFE1 HE IS NOT LIKELY TO SAY3 ',I 5JOY MANUAL WORK BECAUSE IT MAKES ME 
    FEEL ?AT ,I AM FULFILL+ MAN'S NOBLE/ TASK1 & BECAUSE ,I LIKE TO ?9K H[ MU* MAN CAN 
    TRANS=M HIS PLANET4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT MY BODY DEM&S P]IODS ( RE/1 :I* ,I HAVE TO 
    FILL 9 AS BE/ ,I MAY1 BUT ,I AM NEV] SO HAPPY AS :5 ! MORN+ COMES & ,I CAN RETURN 
    TO ! TOIL FROM :I* MY CONT5TM5T SPR+S4' ,I HAVE NEV] HE>D WORK+ M5 SAY ?IS 
    SORT ( ?+4 ,!Y CONSID] WORK1 AS IT %\LD BE CONSID]$1 A NECESS>Y MEANS TO A 
    LIVELIHOOD1 & IT IS FROM !IR LEISURE ?AT !Y D]IVE :ATEV] HAPP9ESS !Y MAY 
    5JOY4  
     

,IT WILL BE 
    SAID ?AT1 :ILE A LITTLE LEISURE IS PLEASANT1 M5 W\LD NOT KN[ H[ TO FILL !IR DAYS 
    IF !Y HAD ONLY F\R H\RS ( WORK \T ( ! TW5TY-F\R4 ,9 SO F> AS ?IS IS TRUE 9 
    ! MOD]N WORLD1 IT IS A CONDEMNATION ( \R CIVILIZATION2 IT W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 TRUE AT 
    ANY E>LI] P]IOD4 ,!RE WAS =M]LY A CAPACITY = LI<!>T$NESS & PLAY :I* HAS 
    BE5 TO SOME EXT5T 9HIBIT$ BY ! CULT ( EFFICI5CY4 ,! MOD]N MAN ?9KS ?AT 
    EV]Y?+ \<T TO BE DONE = ! SAKE ( SOME?+ ELSE1 & NEV] = ITS [N SAKE4 
    ,S]I\S-M9D$ P]SONS1 = EXAMPLE1 >E CONT9UALLY CONDEMN+ ! HABIT ( GO+ TO ! 
    C9EMA1 & TELL+ US ?AT IT LEADS ! Y\NG 9TO CRIME4 ,BUT ALL ! WORK ?AT GOES TO 
    PRODUC+ A C9EMA IS RESPECTABLE1 BECAUSE IT IS WORK1 & BECAUSE IT BR+S A MONEY 
    PR(IT4 ,! NOTION ?AT ! DESIRABLE ACTIVITIES >E ?OSE ?AT BR+ A PR(IT HAS MADE 
    EV]Y?+ TOPSY-TURVY4 ,! BUT*] :O PROVIDES Y\ ) MEAT & ! BAK] :O PROVIDES 
    Y\ ) BREAD >E PRAISEWOR?Y1 BECAUSE !Y >E MAK+ MONEY2 BUT :5 Y\ 5JOY ! 
    FOOD !Y HAVE PROVID$1 Y\ >E M]ELY FRIVOL\S1 UNLESS Y\ EAT ONLY TO GET /R5G? = 
    Y\R WORK4 ,BROADLY SPEAK+1 IT IS HELD ?AT GETT+ MONEY IS GOOD & SP5D+ MONEY IS 
    BAD4 ,SEE+ ?AT !Y >E TWO SIDES ( ONE TRANSACTION1 ?IS IS ABSURD2 ONE MI<T AS WELL 
    MA9TA9 ?AT KEYS >E GOOD1 BUT KEYHOLES >E BAD4 ,:ATEV] M]IT !RE MAY BE 9 ! 
    PRODUCTION ( GOODS MU/ BE 5TIRELY D]IVATIVE FROM ! ADVANTAGE TO BE OBTA9$ BY 
    CONSUM+ !M4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL1 9 \R SOCIETY1 WORKS = PR(IT2 BUT ! SOCIAL PURPOSE 
    ( HIS WORK LIES 9 ! CONSUMPTION ( :AT HE PRODUCES4 ,IT IS ?IS DIVORCE BETWE5 ! 
    9DIVIDUAL & ! SOCIAL PURPOSE ( PRODUCTION ?AT MAKES IT SO DIFFICULT = M5 TO 
    ?9K CLE>LY 9 A WORLD 9 :I* PR(IT-MAK+ IS ! 9C5TIVE TO 9DU/RY4 ,WE ?9K TOO 
    MU* ( PRODUCTION1 & TOO LITTLE ( CONSUMPTION4 ,ONE RESULT IS ?AT WE ATTA* TOO LITTLE 
    IMPORTANCE TO 5JOYM5T & SIMPLE HAPP9ESS1 & ?AT WE DO NOT JUDGE PRODUCTION BY ! 
    PLEASURE ?AT IT GIVES TO ! CONSUM]4  
     

,:5 ,I 
    SUGGE/ ?AT WORK+ H\RS %\LD BE R$UC$ TO F\R1 ,I AM NOT MEAN+ TO IMPLY ?AT ALL 
    ! REMA9+ TIME %\LD NECESS>ILY BE SP5T 9 PURE FRIVOLITY4 ,I MEAN ?AT F\R H\RS' 
    WORK A DAY %\LD 5TITLE A MAN TO ! NECESSITIES & ELEM5T>Y COM=TS ( LIFE1 & 
    ?AT ! RE/ ( HIS TIME %\LD BE HIS TO USE AS HE MI<T SEE FIT4 ,IT IS AN ESS5TIAL 
    P>T ( ANY SU* SOCIAL SY/EM ?AT $UCATION %\LD BE C>RI$ FUR!R ?AN IT USUALLY IS 
    AT PRES5T1 & %\LD AIM1 9 P>T1 AT PROVID+ TA/ES :I* W\LD 5ABLE A MAN TO USE 
    LEISURE 9TELLIG5TLY4 ,I AM NOT ?9K+ MA9LY ( ! SORT ( ?+S ?AT W\LD BE 
    CONSID]$ 'HI<BR['4 ,PEASANT DANCES HAVE DI$ \T EXCEPT 9 REMOTE RURAL >EAS1 BUT ! 
    IMPULSES :I* CAUS$ !M TO BE CULTIVAT$ MU/ /ILL EXI/ 9 HUMAN NATURE4 ,! 
    PLEASURES ( URBAN POPULATIONS HAVE BECOME MA9LY PASSIVE3 SEE+ C9EMAS1 WAT*+ 
    FOOTBALL MAT*ES1 LI/5+ TO ! RADIO1 & SO ON4 ,?IS RESULTS FROM ! FACT ?AT !IR 
    ACTIVE 5]GIES >E FULLY TAK5 UP ) WORK2 IF !Y HAD MORE LEISURE1 !Y W\LD AGA9 
    5JOY PLEASURES 9 :I* !Y TOOK AN ACTIVE P>T4  
     

,9 ! 
    PA/1 !RE WAS A SMALL LEISURE CLASS & A L>G] WORK+ CLASS4 ,! LEISURE CLASS 
    5JOY$ ADVANTAGES = :I* !RE WAS NO BASIS 9 SOCIAL JU/ICE2 ?IS NECESS>ILY MADE 
    IT OPPRESSIVE1 LIMIT$ ITS SYMPA?IES1 & CAUS$ IT TO 9V5T !ORIES BY :I* TO 
    JU/IFY ITS PRIVILEGES4 ,!SE FACTS GREATLY DIM9I%$ ITS EXCELL5CE1 BUT 9 SPITE ( 
    ?IS DRAWBACK IT CONTRIBUT$ NE>LY ! :OLE ( :AT WE CALL CIVILIZATION4 ,IT CULTIVAT$ 
    ! >TS & DISCOV]$ ! SCI5CES2 IT WROTE ! BOOKS1 9V5T$ ! PHILOSOPHIES1 & 
    REF9$ SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,EV5 ! LIB]ATION ( ! OPPRESS$ HAS USUALLY BE5 
    9AUGURAT$ FROM ABOVE4 ,)\T ! LEISURE CLASS1 MANK9D W\LD NEV] HAVE EM]G$ FROM 
    B>B>ISM4  
     

,! ME?OD 
    ( A LEISURE CLASS )\T DUTIES WAS1 H[EV]1 EXTRAORD9>ILY WA/EFUL4 ,NONE ( ! 
    MEMB]S ( ! CLASS HAD TO BE TAU<T TO BE 9DU/RI\S1 & ! CLASS AS A :OLE WAS NOT 
    EXCEPTIONALLY 9TELLIG5T4 ,! CLASS MI<T PRODUCE ONE ,D>W91 BUT AGA9/ HIM HAD TO BE 
    SET T5S ( ?\S&S ( C\NTRY G5TLEM5 :O NEV] ?\<T ( ANY?+ MORE 9TELLIG5T 
    ?AN FOX-HUNT+ & PUNI%+ POA*]S4 ,AT PRES5T1 ! UNIV]SITIES >E SUPPOS$ TO 
    PROVIDE1 9 A MORE SY/EMATIC WAY1 :AT ! LEISURE CLASS PROVID$ ACCID5TALLY & AS A 
    BYPRODUCT4 ,?IS IS A GREAT IMPROVEM5T1 BUT IT HAS C]TA9 DRAWBACKS4 ,UNIV]SITY LIFE IS 
    SO DIFF]5T FROM LIFE 9 ! WORLD AT L>GE ?AT M5 :O LIVE 9 ACADEMIC MILIEU T5D TO 
    BE UNAW>E ( ! PREOCCUPATIONS & PROBLEMS ( ORD9>Y M5 & WOM52 MOREOV] !IR 
    WAYS ( EXPRESS+ !MSELVES >E USUALLY SU* AS TO ROB !IR OP9IONS ( ! 9FLU5CE 
    ?AT !Y \<T TO HAVE UPON ! G5]AL PUBLIC4 ,ANO!R DISADVANTAGE IS ?AT 9 
    UNIV]SITIES /UDIES >E ORGANIZ$1 & ! MAN :O ?9KS ( SOME ORIG9AL L9E ( 
    RESE>* IS LIKELY TO BE DISC\RAG$4 ,ACADEMIC 9/ITUTIONS1 !RE=E1 USEFUL AS !Y 
    >E1 >E NOT ADEQUATE GU>DIANS ( ! 9T]E/S ( CIVILIZATION 9 A WORLD :]E EV]YONE 
    \TSIDE !IR WALLS IS TOO BUSY = UNUTILIT>IAN PURSUITS4  
     

,9 A WORLD 
    :]E NO ONE IS COMPELL$ TO WORK MORE ?AN F\R H\RS A DAY1 EV]Y P]SON POSSESS$ ( 
    SCI5TIFIC CURIOSITY WILL BE ABLE TO 9DULGE IT1 & EV]Y PA9T] WILL BE ABLE TO PA9T 
    )\T />V+1 H[EV] EXCELL5T HIS PICTURES MAY BE4 ,Y\NG WRIT]S WILL NOT BE OBLIG$ 
    TO DRAW ATT5TION TO !MSELVES BY S5SATIONAL POT-BOIL]S1 ) A VIEW TO ACQUIR+ ! 
    ECONOMIC 9DEP5D5CE NE$$ = MONUM5TAL WORKS1 = :I*1 :5 ! TIME AT LA/ COMES1 
    !Y WILL HAVE LO/ ! TA/E & CAPACITY4 ,M5 :O1 9 !IR PR(ESSIONAL WORK1 HAVE 
    BECOME 9T]E/$ 9 SOME PHASE ( ECONOMICS OR GOV]NM5T1 WILL BE ABLE TO DEVELOP !IR 
    IDEAS )\T ! ACADEMIC DETA*M5T ?AT MAKES ! WORK ( UNIV]SITY ECONOMI/S (T5 
    SEEM LACK+ 9 REALITY4 ,M$ICAL M5 WILL HAVE ! TIME TO LE>N AB\T ! PROGRESS ( 
    M$IC9E1 TEA*]S WILL NOT BE EXASP]AT$LY /RUGGL+ TO TEA* BY R\T9E ME?ODS ?+S 
    :I* !Y LE>N$ 9 !IR Y\?1 :I* MAY1 9 ! 9T]VAL1 HAVE BE5 PROV$ TO BE 
    UNTRUE4  
     

,ABOVE ALL1 
    !RE WILL BE HAPP9ESS & JOY ( LIFE1 9/EAD ( FRAY$ N]VES1 WE>9ESS1 & 
    DYSPEPSIA4 ,! WORK EXACT$ WILL BE 5\< TO MAKE LEISURE DELI<TFUL1 BUT NOT 5\< TO 
    PRODUCE EXHAU/ION4 ,S9CE M5 WILL NOT BE TIR$ 9 !IR SP>E TIME1 !Y WILL NOT DEM& 
    ONLY SU* AMUSEM5TS AS >E PASSIVE & VAPID4 ,AT LEA/ ONE P]C5T WILL PROBABLY DEVOTE 
    ! TIME NOT SP5T 9 PR(ESSIONAL WORK TO PURSUITS ( SOME PUBLIC IMPORTANCE1 &1 S9CE 
    !Y WILL NOT DEP5D UPON !SE PURSUITS = !IR LIVELIHOOD1 !IR ORIG9ALITY WILL BE 
    UNHAMP]$1 & !RE WILL BE NO NE$ TO CON=M TO ! /&>DS SET BY ELD]LY PUNDITS4 
    ,BUT IT IS NOT ONLY 9 !SE EXCEPTIONAL CASES ?AT ! ADVANTAGES ( LEISURE WILL APPE>4 
    ,ORD9>Y M5 & WOM51 HAV+ ! OPPORTUNITY ( A HAPPY LIFE1 WILL BECOME MORE K9DLY 
    & LESS P]SECUT+ & LESS 9CL9$ TO VIEW O!RS ) SUSPICION4 ,! TA/E = W> 
    WILL DIE \T1 P>TLY = ?IS REASON1 & P>TLY BECAUSE IT WILL 9VOLVE LONG & SEV]E 
    WORK = ALL4 ,GOOD NATURE IS1 ( ALL MORAL QUALITIES1 ! ONE ?AT ! WORLD NE$S MO/1 
    & GOOD NATURE IS ! RESULT ( EASE & SECURITY1 NOT ( A LIFE ( >DU\S /RUGGLE4 
    ,MOD]N ME?ODS ( PRODUCTION HAVE GIV5 US ! POSSIBILITY ( EASE & SECURITY = ALL2 
    WE HAVE *OS51 9/EAD1 TO HAVE OV]WORK = SOME & />VATION = O!RS4 ,HI!RTO WE 
    HAVE CONT9U$ TO BE AS 5]GETIC AS WE W]E BE=E !RE W]E MA*9ES2 9 ?IS WE HAVE 
    BE5 FOOLI%1 BUT !RE IS NO REASON TO GO ON BE+ FOOLI% =EV]4  
     

.<#a.> ,S9CE !N1 MEMB]S ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY HAVE SUCCE$$ TO 
    ?IS PRIVILEGE ( ! W>RIORS & PRIE/S4  
    4 
   

,FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/WWW4GEOCITIES4COM_/,A!NS_/,ORACLE_/#b#e#b#h_/BR.-IDLE4HTM4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bag 3 ,9 ,PRAISE ( ,IDL5ESS -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,9 ,PRAISE ( ,IDL5ESS -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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