,9TRODUCTORY 

#ahhgahhg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,GRANT ,NI*OLSON1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,9 \R BUSY LIFE1 PREOCCUPI$ AS WE >E ) ! NUMB]LESS PETTY AFFAIRS ( EV]YDAY EXI/5CE1 WE >E ALL TOO MU* 9CL9$ TO PASS BY1 MANY GREAT EVILS :I* AFFECT ,SOCIETY )\T GIV+ !M ! ATT5TION !Y REALLY DES]VE4 ,IF S5SATIONAL 0REVELATIONS0 AB\T SOME D>K SIDE ( \R LIFE OCCASIONALLY F9D !IR WAY 9TO ! DAILY ,PRESS2 IF !Y SUCCE$ 9 %AK+ \R 9DIFF]5CE & AWAK5 PUBLIC ATT5TION1 WE MAY HAVE 9 ! PAP]S1 = A MON? OR TWO1 EXCELL5T >TICLES & LETT]S ON ! SUBJECT4 ,MANY WELL-MEANT ?+S MAY !N BE SAID1 ! MO/ HUMANE FEEL+S EXPRESS$4 ,BUT ! AGITATION SOON SUBSIDES2 &1 AFT] HAV+ ASK$ = SOME NEW REGULATIONS OR LAWS1 9 ADDITION TO ! HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( REGULATIONS & LAWS ALREADY 9 =CE2 AFT] HAV+ MADE SOME MICROSCOPIC ATTEMPTS AT COMBAT+ BY A FEW 9DIVIDUAL EF=TS A DEEP-ROOT$ EVIL :I* \<T TO BE COMBAT$ BY ! COMB9$ EF=TS ( ,SOCIETY AT L>GE1 WE SOON RETURN TO \R DAILY OCCUPATIONS )\T C>+ MU* AB\T :AT HAS BE5 DONE4 ,IT IS GOOD 5\< IF1 AFT] ALL ! NOISE1 ?+S HAVE NOT GONE FROM BAD TO WORSE4 

,IF ?IS REM>K IS TRUE ) REG>D TO SO MANY FEATURES ( \R PUBLIC LIFE1 IT IS ESPECIALLY SO ) REG>D TO PRISONS & PRISON]S4' ,TO USE ,MISS ,L9DA ,GILB]T'S--! ,AM]ICAN ,MRS4 ,FRY'S--WORDS1 0,AFT] A MAN HAS BE5 CONF9$ TO A FELON'S CELL1 ,SOCIETY LOSES ALL 9T]E/ 9 & C>E = HIM40 ,PROVID$ BE HAS 0BREAD TO EAT1 WAT] TO DR9K1 & PL5TY ( WORK TO DO10 ,SOCIETY CONSID]S ITSELF AS HAV+ FULFILL$ ALL ITS DUTIES T[>DS HIM4 ,FROM TIME TO TIME1 SOMEBODY ACQUA9T$ ) PRISONS />TS AN AGITATION AGA9/ ! BAD /ATE ( \R JAILS & LOCK-UPS4 ,SOCIETY RECOGNIZES ?AT SOME?+ \<T TO BE DONE TO REM$Y ! EVIL4 ,BUT ! EF=TS ( ! RE=M]S >E BROK5 BY ! 9]TIA ( ! ORGANIZ$ SY/EM2 !Y HAVE TO FI<T AGA9/ ! WIDELY-SPREAD PREJUDICES AGA9/ ALL ?OSE :O HAVE FALL5 UND] ! BAN ( ! LAW2 & SOON !Y >E LEFT TO !MSELVES 9 !IR /RUGGLE AGA9/ AN IMM5SE EVIL4 ,SU* WAS ! FATE ( ,JOHN ,H[>D1 & ( H[ MANY O!RS8 ,A FEW K9DHE>T$ & 5]GETIC M5 & WOM5 CONT9UE1 ( C\RSE1 AMID ! G5]AL 9DIFF]5CE1 TO DO !IR WORK ( IMPROV+ ! CONDITION ( PRISON]S1 OR RA!R ( MITIGAT+ ! BAD EFFECTS ( PRISONS ON !IR 9MATES4 ,BUT1 GUID$ AS !Y >E M]ELY BY PHILAN?ROPIC FEEL+1 !Y SELDOM V5TURE TO CRITICIZE ! PR9CIPLES ( P5AL 9/ITUTIONS2 /ILL LESS DO !Y SE>* = ! CAUSES :I* EV]Y YE> BR+ MILLIONS ( HUMAN BE+S )9 ! 5CLOSURE ( PRISON WALLS4 ,!Y TRY TO MITIGATE ! EVIL2 !Y SELDOM ATTEMPT TO GRAPPLE ) IT AT ITS S\RCE4 

,EV]Y YE> SOME?+ LIKE A HUNDR$ ?\S& M51 WOM51 & *ILDR5 >E LOCK$ UP 9 ! JAILS ( ,GREAT ,BRITA9 ALONE--V]Y NE>LY ONE MILLION 9 ?OSE ( ! :OLE ( ,EUROPE4 ,NE>LY #a1#b1,G,B,P4 ( PUBLIC MONEY >E SP5T EV]Y YE>1 9 ?IS C\NTRY ALONE1 = CONVICT & LOCAL PRISONS2 V]Y NE>LY T5 MILLIONS 9 ,EUROPE--NOT TO SPEAK ( ! EXP5SES 9VOLV$ BY ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! HUGE MA*9]Y :I* SUPPLIES PRISONS ) 9MATES4 ,BUT1 AP>T FROM A FEW PHILAN?ROPI/S & PR(ESSIONAL M51 :O C>ES AB\T ! RESULTS A*IEV$ AT SO HEAVY AN EXP5DITURE8 ,>E \R PRISONS WOR? ! 5ORM\S \TLAY 9 HUMAN LABOR YE>LY DEVOT$ TO !M8 ,DO !Y ,GU>ANTEE ,SOCIETY AGA9/ ! RECURR5CE ( ! EVILS :I* !Y >E SUPPOS$ TO COMBAT8 

,HAV+ HAD 9 MY LIFE SEV]AL OPPORTUNITIES ( GIV+ MORE ?AN A PASS+ ATT5TION TO !SE GREAT QUE/IONS1 ,I HAVE ?\<T ?AT IT W\LD BE USEFUL TO PUT TOGE!R ! OBS]VATIONS :I* ,I HAVE BE5 5ABL$ TO MAKE ON PRISONS & ! REFLECTIONS !Y HAVE SUGGE/$4 

,MY FIR/ ACQUA9TANCE ) PRISONS & EXILE WAS MADE 9 ,SIB]IA1 9 CONNECTION ) A COMMITTEE = ! RE=M ( ! ,RUSSIAN P5AL SY/EM4 ,!RE ,I HAD ! OPPORTUNITY ( LE>N+ ! /ATE ( ?+S ) REG>D BO? TO EXILE 9 ,SIB]IA & TO PRISONS 9 ,RUSSIA1 & !N MY ATT5TION WAS ATTRACT$ FIR/ TO ! GREAT QUE/ION ( CRIME & PUNI%M5T4 ,LAT] ON1 9 #ahgd TO #a#h#g#f1 #a WAS KEPT1 AWAIT+ TRIAL1 NE>LY TWO YE>S 9 ! =TRESS ( ,PET] & ,PAUL AT ,/4 ,PET]SBURG1 & C\LD APPRECIATE ! T]RIBLE EFFECTS ( PROTRACT$ CELLUL> CONF9EM5T UPON MY FELL[-PRISON]S4 ,!NCE ,I WAS TRANSF]R$ TO ! NEWLY-OP5$ ,H\SE ( ,DET5TION1 :I* IS CONSID]$ AS A MODEL PRISON = ,RUSSIA1 & !NCE AGA9 TO A MILIT>Y PRISON AT ! ,/4 ,PET]SBURG ,MILIT>Y ,HOSPITAL4 

,:5 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 ,I WAS CALL$ UPON1 9 #a#h#h#a1 TO DESCRIBE ! TREATM5T ( POLITICAL PRISON]S 9 ,RUSSIA1 9 ORD] TO TELL ! TRU? 9 ! FACE ( ! SY/EMATIC MISREPRES5TATION ( ! MATT] BY AN ADMIR] ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,GOV]NM5T4 ,I DID SO 9 A PAP] ON ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,P>TY1 :I* APPE>$ 9 ! ,=TNI<TLY ,REVIEW1 ,JUNE1 #a#h#c#a4 ,NONE ( ! FACTS REVEAL$ 9 ?IS PAP] HAVE BE5 CONTRADICT$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN AG5TS4 ,ATTEMPTS W]E1 H[EV]1 MADE TO CIRCULATE 9 ! ,5GLI% PRESS ACC\NTS ( ,RUSSIAN PRISONS1 REPRES5T+ !M UND] A SOME:AT SMIL+ ASPECT4 ,I WAS ?US COMPELL$ TO GIVE A G5]AL DESCRIPTION ( PRISONS & EXILE 9 ,RUSSIA & ,SIB]IA1 & DID SO 9 A S]IES ( F\R PAP]S1 :I* APPE>$ 9 ! ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY4 ,REFRA9+ AS MU* AS POSSIBLE FROM COMPLA9TS ( ! TREATM5T UND]GONE BY \R POLITICAL FRI5DS 9 ,RUSSIA1 ,I PREF]R$ TO GIVE AN IDEA ( ! G5]AL /ATE ( ,RUSSIAN PRISONS1 ( EXILE TO ,SIB]IA1 & ( ITS RESULTS2 & TOLD ! UNUTT]ABLE SUFF]+S :I* SCORES ( ?\S&S ( COMMON-LAW PRISON]S >E 5DUR+ 9 ! JAILS ?R\<\T ,RUSSIA1 ON !IR WAY TO ,SIB]IA1 & 9 ! IMM5SE P5AL COLONY ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,EMPIRE4 ,9 ORD] TO COMPLETE MY [N EXP]I5CE1 :I* MI<T HAVE BE5 \T ( DATE1 ,I CONSULT$ ! BULKY ,RUSSIAN LIT]ATURE :I* HAS BE5 DEVOT$ ( LATE TO ! SUBJECT4 ,! P]USAL ( ?IS LIT]ATURE CONV9C$ ME ?AT ?+S HAVE REMA9$ 9 V]Y NE>LY ! SAME /ATE AS !Y W]E FIVE-&-TW5TY YE>S AGO2 BUT ,I ALSO LE>N$ FROM IT ?AT AL?\< ! ,RUSSIAN PRISON AU?ORITIES >E V]Y ANXI\S TO HAVE M\?PIECES 9 ,WE/ ,EUROPE1 9 ORD] TO CIRCULATE EMBELLI%$ ACC\NTS ( !IR HUMANE 5DEAVORS1 !Y DO NOT CONCEAL ! TRU? EI!R FROM ! ,RUSSIAN ,GOV]NM5T OR FROM ! ,RUSSIAN READ+ PUBLIC1 & BO? 9 (FICIAL REPORTS & 9 ! ,PRESS !Y REPRES5T ! PRISONS AS BE+ 9 ! MO/ EXECRABLE CONDITION4 ,SOME ( !SE AV[ALS WILL BE F\ND 9 ! FOLL[+ PAGES4 

,LAT] ON1 ?AT IS1 9 #ahhb TO #a#h#h#f1 ,I SP5T ?REE YE>S 9 ,FR5* PRISONS2 NAMELY1 9 ! ,PRISON ,DEP>TEM5TALE ( ,LYONS1 & ! ,MAISON ,C5TRALE ( ,CLAIRVAUX4 ,! DESCRIPTION ( BO? HAS BE5 GIV5 9 A PAP] CONTRIBUT$ LA/ YE> TO ! ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY4 ,MY SOJ\RN ( NE>LY ?REE YE>S AT ,CLAIRVAUX1 9 CLOSE NEI<BORHOOD ) F\RTE5 HUNDR$ COMMON-LAW PRISON]S1 HAS GIV5 ME AN OPPORTUNITY ( OBTA9+ A P]SONAL 9SI<T 9TO ! RESULTS A*IEV$ BY DET5TION 9 ?IS PRISON1 ONE ( ! BE/ 9 ,FRANCE1 &1 AS F> AS MY 9=MATION GOES 9 ,EUROPE4 ,IT 9DUC$ ME TO TREAT ! QUE/ION AS TO ! MORAL EFFECTS ( PRISONS ON PRISON]S FROM A MORE G5]AL PO9T ( VIEW1 9 CONNECTION ) MOD]N VIEWS ON CRIME & ITS CAUSES4 ,A PORTION ( ?IS 9QUIRY =M$ ! SUBJECT ( AN ADDRESS DELIV]$ 9 ,DECEMB] LA/1 BE=E ! ,$9BUR< ,PHILOSOPHICAL ,9/ITUTION4 

,:ILE ?US REPR9T+ SOME REVIEW >TICLES1 ,I HAVE COMPLET$ !M ) MORE REC5T 9=MATION & DATA1 MO/LY TAK5 FROM (FICIAL ,RUSSIAN PUBLICATIONS2 & :IL/ ELIM9AT+ FROM !M ! CONTROV]SIAL ELEM5T1 ,I HAVE ALSO ELIM9AT$ ALL ?AT CANNOT BE SUPPORT$ BY DOCUM5TS :I* CAN BE PUBLI%$ N[ )\T CAUS+ H>M TO ANYBODY ( \R FRI5DS 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,! NEWLY-ADD$ *APT] ON EXILE TO ,SAKHAL9 WILL COMPLETE ! DESCRIPTION ( ! ,RUSSIAN P5AL 9/ITUTIONS4 ,I TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ?IS OPPORTUNITY TO EXPRESS MY BE/ ?ANKS TO ! $ITOR ( ! ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY = HIS K9D P]MISSION TO REPR9T ! >TICLES PUBLI%$ 9 HIS REVIEW4 

7,S\RCE3 ,9 ,RUSSIAN & ,FR5* ,PRISONS1 ,LONDON3 ,W>D & ,D[NEY2 #a#h#h#g47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahhf 3 ,9TRODUCTORY -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b1 #bag 3 ,9TRODUCTORY -- ,ADD$4 

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