,APP5DIX1 ,P>T #a 
,NOTE ON ,/AL9ISM & ,TROTSKYISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NGO ,VAN ,XUYET 

,TRANSLATOR 3 ,K5 ,KNABB 

,TRANSLATOR 3 ,HEL5E ,FLEURY 

,TEXT 3 

,APP5DIX 

  
,NOTE ON ,/AL9ISM & ,TROTSKYISM 

  

,= ?OSE :O >E NOT FAMILI> ) ! 9T]NATIONAL POLITICAL BACKGR\ND ( ,NGO ,VAN'S /ORY1 IT MAY BE HELPFUL TO MAKE A FEW REM>KS AB\T ,/AL9ISM & ,TROTSKYISM & TO \TL9E SOME ( ! TWI/S & TURNS ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL UND] ,/AL9'S CONTROL4 

,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ( #aiag CONSI/$ ( TWO RELATIVELY DI/9CT /AGES4 ,! 0,FEBRU>Y REVOLUTION0 WAS A S]IES ( L>GELY SPONTANE\S POPUL> /RUGGLES BEG9N+ 9 ,FEBRU>Y & CONT9U+ OV] ! NEXT SEV]AL MON?S2 ! 0,OCTOB] REVOLUTION0 WAS ESS5TIALLY A C\P D'ETAT C>RI$ \T BY ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ,L59 & ,TROTSKY4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS HAD A REPUTATION AS RADICAL REVOLUTION>IES1 DUE 9 P>T TO !IR HAV+ BE5 ONE ( ! FEW LEFTI/ GR\PS TO OPPOSE ,WORLD ,W> ,I2 BUT ONCE 9 P[] !Y REPRESS$ GRASSROOTS RADICAL T5D5CIES & MORPH$ 9TO A NEW RUL+ CLASS4 ,AL?\< !Y *ANG$ !IR NAME TO 0,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY0 9 #a#i#a#h1 ! SY/EM !Y CREAT$ HAD NO?+ TO DO ) COMMUNISM 9 ! TRUE S5SE ( ! WORD2 IT WAS SIMPLY A CRUD] & MORE CONC5TRAT$ V]SION ( CAPITALISM4 ,PRIVATE [N]%IP WAS REPLAC$ BY /ATE [N]%IP1 BUT CAPITALISM ITSELF 7! SY/EM ( COMMODIFI$ SOCIAL RELATIONS7 WAS 9 NO WAY ELIM9AT$4 ,! WORK]S :O W]E =M]LY EXPLOIT$ BY A MULTITUDE ( PRIVATE CAPITALI/S W]E N[ EXPLOIT$ BY A S+LE ALL-[N+ CAPITALI/ 5T]PRISE3 ! /ATE4 ,AL?\< ?IS PROCESS WAS COMPLEX & GRADUAL1 ! TRANS=MATION HAD BECOME PRETTY CLE> BY #aiba :5 ! REVOLUTION>Y ,KRON/ADT SAILORS W]E CRU%$ BY ! 0,COMMUNI/0 REGIME UND] ! DIRECT LEAD]%IP ( ,TROTSKY4 7,SEE ,VOL9E'S ,! ,UNKN[N ,REVOLUTION & ,MAURICE ,BR9TON'S ,! ,BOL%EVIKS & ,WORK]S' ,CONTROL3 #a#i#a#g-#a#i#b#a47 

,FOLL[+ ,L59'S DEA? 9 #a#i#b#d1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY FACTION L$ BY ,/AL9 BECAME 9CREAS+LY P[]FUL1 TO ! PO9T ?AT ,TROTSKY WAS PUT ON ! DEF5SIVE & EV5TUALLY EXPELL$ FROM ! ,P>TY & =C$ 9TO EXILE4 ,/AL9 !N IMPOS$ ! V>I\S 9T]NAL TOTALIT>IAN DEVELOPM5TS :I* WILL NOT BE DISCUSS$ H]E S9CE !Y >E G5]ALLY WELL KN[N -- POLICE-/ATE DICTATOR%IP1 =C$ COLLECTIVIZATION1 ,GULAG LABOR CAMPS1 %[ TRIALS1 ETC4 7,GOOD ACC\NTS ( ?IS PROCESS 9CLUDE ,BORIS ,S\V>9E'S ,/AL93 ,A ,CRITICAL ,SURVEY ( ,BOL%EVISM1 ,ANTE ,CILIGA'S ,! ,RUSSIAN ,5IGMA1 & ,VICTOR ,S]GE'S ,MEMOIRS ( A ,REVOLUTION>Y47 

,! ,/AL9I/ REGIME ALSO EX]T$ A MALIGNANT 9FLU5CE ON RADICAL MOVEM5TS 9 O!R C\NTRIES ALL OV] ! WORLD4 ,! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL 7A4K4A4 ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL OR ,COM9T]N7 HAD BE5 =M$ 9 ,MOSC[ 9 #aiai TO UNITE REVOLUTION>Y COMMUNI/ P>TIES >\ND ! WORLD1 AFT] MO/ ( ! SOCIALI/ P>TIES ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL HAD BETRAY$ !IR SOCIALI/ & 9T]NATIONALI/ PR9CIPLES BY RALLY+ TO !IR RESPECTIVE GOV]NM5TS DUR+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I4 ,UND] ,/AL9'S CONTROL1 ! ,COM9T]N BECAME 9CREAS+LY C5T]$ ON ! GOAL ( DEF5D+ ,/AL9'S REGIME AT ALL CO/S4 ,TO ?IS 5D1 OV] ! NEXT TWO DECADES IT IMPOS$ A SUCCESSION ( ZIGZAGG+ POLICIES ON ! SUBS]VI5T ,COMMUNI/ P>TIES 9 O!R C\NTRIES1 MO/ ( :I* WORK$ \T DISA/R\SLY4 

,FOLL[+ SOME 0ADV5TURI/0 DEBACLES 9 ! E>LY #a#i#bS 7,G]MANY #a#i#b#c1 ,E/ONIA #a#i#b#d1 ETC471 ! ,COM9T]N %IFT$ TO A DEF5SIVE POLICY ( COMPROMISES & ALLIANCES ) V>I\S B\RGEOIS =CES >\ND ! WORLD4 ,! MO/ DRAMATIC FAILURE ( ?IS POLICY WAS 9 ,*9A 9 #a#i#b#e-#a#i#b#g4 ,AT ! V]Y MOM5T :5 RADICAL WORK]S W]E ATTA9+ SIGNIFICANT VICTORIES 9 ! MAJOR CITIES ( ,*9A1 ,/AL9 9SI/$ ?AT ! ,*9ESE ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY SUBORD9ATE ITSELF TO ! ,GUOM9DANG1 ! NATIONALI/ P>TY L$ BY ,G5]AL ,*IANG ,KAI-%EK4 ,:5 ! WORK]S ( ,%AN<AI HAD TAK5 OV] ! CITY 9 ,APRIL #a#i#b#g1 ! ,COMMUNI/ LEAD]S ?US URG$ !M TO WELCOME ,*IANG ,KAI-%EK'S >MY & TO TURN 9 ALL !IR WEAPONS4 ,:5 !Y DID SO1 ,*IANG'S >MY 5T]$ ! CITY & MASSACR$ ! RADICAL WORK]S BY ! ?\S&S4 7,SEE ,H>OLD ,ISAACS'S ,! ,TRAG$Y ( ! ,*9ESE ,REVOLUTION47 ,?IS CATA/ROPHIC RESULT ( ,/AL9'S POLICY1 :I* ,TROTSKY HAD ACCURATELY PR$ICT$ & S\<T TO PREV5T1 WAS UND\BT$LY AN IMPORTANT FACTOR 9 ACC\NT+ = ! READ9ESS ( ,VIETNAMESE RADICALS TO RALLY TO ,TROTSKYI/ POSITIONS 9 ! FOLL[+ YE>S4 

,9 #aibh ,/AL9 IMPOS$ ANO!R POLICY *ANGE1 >GU+ ?AT1 AFT] ! 9ITIAL PO/-,WORLD ,W> ,I P]IOD ( REVOLUTION>Y UPSURGES 7#a#i#a#g-#a#i#b#c7 & !N ! EBB+1 DEF5SIVE P]IOD 7#a#i#b#d-#a#i#b#h71 ! 9T]NATIONAL WORK]S' MOVEM5T HAD 5T]$ A NEW 0,?IRD ,P]IOD0 9 :I* RADICAL REVOLUTIONS W]E ONCE AGA9 ON ! AG5DA4 ,! PRIM>Y 5EMY WAS N[ SUPPOS$LY ! SOCIALI/ P>TIES1 :I* ! ,/AL9I/S REF]R$ TO AS 0SOCIAL-FASCI/S40 ,FOLL[+ ?IS POLICY1 ! ,G]MAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY FOCUS$ ON ATTACK+ ! ,G]MAN SOCIALI/S :ILE L>GELY IGNOR+ ! ,NAZIS1 !REBY HELP+ PAVE ! WAY = ! ,NAZIS' SEIZURE ( P[] 9 #aicc 7:I* SOON L$ TO ! DE/RUCTION ( BO? ! SOCIALI/S & ,COMMUNI/S 9 ,G]MANY74 

,9 #aice ! ,COM9T]N L9E FLIPP$ TO AN OPPOSITE EXTREME4 ,N[ IT WAS SUPPOS$LY NECESS>Y TO ALLY ) ! SOCIALI/S1 & 9 FACT ) JU/ AB\T ANYONE :O WASN'T \TRI<TLY FASCI/1 9CLUD+ C5TRI/ & EV5 CONS]VATIVE P>TIES1 TO =M A 0UNIT$ FRONT AGA9/ FASCISM40 ,?IS POLICY L$ TO ! VICTORY ( ,POPUL> ,FRONT GOV]NM5TS 9 ,SPA9 & ,FRANCE 9 #a#i#c#f4 ,BUT ! RADICAL CURR5TS ?AT HAD SUPPORT$ ?OSE FRONTS N[ F\ND !MSELVES COMPROMIS$1 !IR H&S TI$ DUE TO !IR ALLIANCES ) MORE C5TRI/ =CES4 ,ON ! ,SPANI% ,POPUL> ,FRONT1 SEE ,FOOTNOTE #g4 ,9 ,FRANCE1 ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT GOV]NM5T1 PRESSUR$ BY A NATIONWIDE WAVE ( /RIKES & FACTORY OCCUPATIONS1 PASS$ SOME PROGRESSIVE LEGISLATION 7#d-H\R WEEK1 PAID VACATIONS1 RI<T TO /RIKE1 ETC471 BUT DID NO?+ TO ELIM9ATE ,FR5* COLONIALISM & SC>CELY ANY?+ EV5 TO IMPROVE CONDITIONS 9 ! COLONIES BEYOND A FEW M9OR RE=MS ?AT W]E MO/LY NOT IMPLEM5T$4 ,?IS PUT ! ,VIETNAMESE ,/AL9I/S 9 ! AWKW>D POSITION ( HAV+ TO DEF5D ! ,FR5* COLONIAL REGIME ?AT !Y HAD BE5 FI<T+ SO DESP]ATELY = SO LONG4 

,!N ! ,HITL]-,/AL9 ,PACT ( #aici CAUS$ YET ANO!R ZIGZAG4 ,N[ ! FOCUS WAS ONCE AGA9 ON ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,FRANCE1 :ILE ! M5ACE ( FASCISM WAS PLAY$ D[N 7AL?\< ,NAZI ,G]MANY WAS ON ! V]GE ( 9VAD+ ,FRANCE & ,JAPAN WAS ON ! V]GE ( 9VAD+ ,9DO*9A74 

,!N1 :5 ,HITL] D\BLE-CROSS$ ,/AL9 BY 9VAD+ ,RUSSIA 9 #a#i#d#a1 IT WAS ONCE AGA9 A 0W> AGA9/ FASCISM40 ,! ,VIETNAMESE ,/AL9I/S ?US ONCE AGA9 F\ND !MSELVES ALLI$ ) !IR ,FR5* COLONIAL MA/]S 7AL?\< ! COLONIAL REGIME 9 ,9DO*9A WAS PRO-,VI*Y & ?US MORE OR LESS ALLI$ ) ! FASCI/S74 

,!N1 9 ! P[] VACUUM FOLL[+ ! DEFEAT ( ! ,JAPANESE 9 #a#i#d#e1 AT A TIME :5 ! ,VIETNAMESE PEOPLE W]E 9 A POSITION TO PREV5T ANY SIGNIFICANT ,FR5* =CES FROM RE5T]+ ! C\NTRY 7,FRANCE WAS RECOV]+ FROM YE>S ( ,NAZI OCCUPATION & DEMORALIZ$ BY ! ,VI*Y REGIME'S COLLABORATION ) ! ,NAZIS1 & MO/ ( ITS >M$ =CES W]E HALF WAY >\ND ! WORLD71 ! ,/AL9I/ LEAD] ,HO ,*I ,M9H MADE A SUCCESSION ( COMPROMISES ) ! ,AM]ICANS1 ! ,BRITI%1 ! ,*9ESE & ! ,FR5*1 :I* 5ABL$ HIM TO AUGM5T HIS P[]1 DE/ROY ! ,TROTSKYI/S & O!R POT5TIAL RIVALS1 & ASSUME TOTAL CONTROL OV] ! NATIONALI/ =CES1 BUT :I* AT ! SAME TIME 5ABL$ ! ,FR5* =CES TO RE5T] ! C\NTRY1 !REBY LEAD+ TO ?IRTY MORE YE>S ( W> TO OBTA9 ! NATIONAL 9DEP5D5CE ?AT MI<T WELL HAVE BE5 WON 9 #a#i#d#e4 ,ONLY 9 #aige WAS ! C\NTRY F9ALLY LIB]AT$ FROM ITS =EIGN MA/]S -- :ILE REMA9+ SUBJECT TO AN 9DIG5\S ,/AL9I/ DICTATOR%IP4 

,MO/ ( !SE ,/AL9I/ POLICIES HAD BE5 %>PLY CRITICIZ$ BY ,TROTSKY4 ,FROM >\ND #a#i#b#c-#a#i#c#d ,TROTSKY & HIS FOLL[]S REF]R$ TO !MSELVES AS ! 0,LEFT ,OPPOSITION10 MEAN+ AN OPPOSITION )9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 ATTEMPT+ TO RECAPTURE P[] FROM ! ,/AL9I/ FACTION SO AS TO TURN ! P>TY BACK 9TO A REVOLUTION>Y & 9T]NATIONALI/ DIRECTION4 ,AFT] BE+ EXPELL$ FROM ! ,RUSSIAN P>TY 9 #a#i#b#h1 !Y TURN$ !IR ATT5TION TO ,COMMUNI/ P>TIES 9 O!R C\NTRIES & TO ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,?IS /RATEGY PROV$ EQUALLY UNSUCCESSFUL AS ,TROTSKYI/ T5D5CIES W]E SY/EMATICALLY ELIM9AT$ FROM ! ,/AL9-DOM9AT$ P>TIES >\ND ! WORLD4 ,BY #aicc OR #aicd MO/ ,TROTSKYI/S HAD CONCLUD$ ?AT ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL HAD GONE HOPELESSLY A/RAY & ?AT IT WAS NECESS>Y TO =M A ,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,?IS TOOK PLACE 9 #ai* 7:I* IS :Y SOME 9T]IM GR\PS SU* AS ,NGO ,VAN'S ,LEAGUE ( ,9T]NATIONALI/ ,COMMUNI/S REF]R$ TO !MSELVES AS 0= ! ,CON/RUCTION ( ! ,F\R? ,9T]NATIONAL074 

,IT W\LD BE F> TOO T$I\S TO DISCUSS ! COMPLEX DIFF]5CES AMONG ! NUM]\S ,TROTSKYI/ GR\PS & T5D5CIES FROM ! #a#i#cS TO ! PRES5T DAY4 ,SUFFICE IT TO SAY ?AT S9CE ,TROTSKY WAS HIMSELF DIRECTLY IMPLICAT$ 9 ! PROCESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY BECOM+ A C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y =CE )9 ,RUSSIA1 & S9CE HE NEV] RECOGNIZ$ ?AT ?AT P>TY HAD EVOLV$ 9TO A NEW BUREAUCRATIC RUL+ CLASS1 HIS ATTEMPTS TO PU% ! P>TY TO RESUME A REVOLUTION>Y 9T]NATIONAL POLICY W]E B\ND TO FAIL4 0,TROTSKY WAS DOOM$ BY HIS BASIC P]SPECTIVE1 BECAUSE ONCE ! BUREAUCRACY BECAME AW>E ?AT IT HAD EVOLV$ 9TO A C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y CLASS ON ! DOME/IC FRONT1 IT WAS B\ND TO OPT = A SIMIL>LY C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y ROLE 9 O!R C\NTRIES0 7,GUY ,DEBORD1 ,! ,SOCIETY ( ! ,SPECTACLE _?#a#a#b74 ,?IS IS :Y ,TROTSKYI/ POLEMICS1 H[EV] RADICAL !Y MAY SEEM 9 SOME REG>DS1 ALWAYS 5D UP FL\ND]+ BACK 9TO ! SAME LAME CONCLUSION3 ,/AL9ISM IS CRITICIZ$ 9 MANY WAYS1 BUT 9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS IT IS /ILL CONSID]$ TO BE 0PROGRESSIVE40 ,/AL9I/ REGIMES >E REF]R$ TO AS 0DEG5]AT$ WORK]S' /ATES0 OR 0DE=M$ WORK]S' /ATES10 IMPLY+ ?AT ! SOCIO-ECONOMIC SY/EM IS BASICALLY F9E1 IT'S JU/ ?AT IT IS POORLY GUID$ BY A FAULTY POLITICAL LEAD]%IP :I* NE$S TO BE REPLAC$ BY A CORRECT LEAD]%IP A LA ,L59 & ,TROTSKY4 ,TROTSKYI/S FAIL TO RECOGNIZE ! ORIG9S ( ,/AL9ISM 9 ! E>LI] AU?ORIT>IAN PRACTICES ( ,L59 & ,TROTSKY & 9 ! HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURE ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY1 :I* HAD ALREADY 9AUGURAT$ ! NEW /ATE-CAPITALI/ SY/EM WELL BE=E ,/AL9 CAME TO P[]4 

,IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT NONE ( !SE POLITICAL T5D5CIES HAVE MU* CONNECTION ) ,M>X1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT !Y ALL CLAIM TO BE ,M>XI/4 ,ONE ( ! REASONS ?AT ,NGO ,VAN APPRECIAT$ ,MAXIMILI5 ,RUBEL WAS ?AT HE CONV9C+LY %[$ H[ ,L59ISM & ,TROTSKYISM 7TO SAY NO?+ ( ,/AL9ISM7 DIV]GE SIGNIFICANTLY FROM ,M>X'S ACTUAL VIEWS4 ,:ILE ,M>X HAD WELL-KN[N DIFF]5CES ) SOME ( ! AN>*I/S ( HIS TIME1 HIS P]SPECTIVE WAS 9 REALITY MU* CLOS] TO AN>*ISM ?AN TO ANY ( ! V>IETIES ( /ATE SOCIALISM4 ,! PREVAL5CE ( /ATI/ 0,M>XISM0 DUR+ ! LA/ C5TURY HAS T5D$ TO DR[N \T O!R CURR5TS ( ,M>XISM ?AT >E CLOS] TO ,M>X 7& TO ! MORE COH]5T /R&S ( AN>*ISM71 SU* AS ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG1 ,ANTON ,PANNEKOEK1 ,K>L ,KORS*1 ,SOCIALISME \ ,B>B>IE1 & ! ,SITUATIONI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 

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,JANU>Y #h1 #bba 3 ,APP5DIX1 ,P>T #a -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,APP5DIX1 ,P>T #a -- ,UPDAT$4 

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