,*APT] #aa 
,CONCLUSION ! ,5D ( 0,DIPLOMACY0 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,C>NE ,ROSS 

,TEXT 3 

#a#a4 ,C,O,N,C,L,U,S,I,O,N ,! ,5,D ,( 0,D,I,P,L,O,M,A,C,Y08 

0,POLITICS IS ! >T ( PREV5T+ PEOPLE FROM TAK+ P>T 9 AFFAIRS :I* PROP]LY CONC]N !M40 

,PAUL ,VAL]Y 

,ALL POLITICS1 SAID ,TIP ,O',NEILL1 LONG-TIME ,SPEAK] ( ! ,U,S ,H\SE ( ,REPRES5TATIVES1 IS LOCAL4 ,HE WAS WRONG4 

,!RE IS NOT ONE ASPECT ( \R CONTEMPOR>Y LIVES1 SAVE \R PRIVATE EMOTIONS1 :I* IS NOT 9 SOME WAY AFFECT$ BY :AT IS GO+ ON ELSE:]E 9 ! WORLD4 ,P]HAPS EV5 \R EMOTIONS >E NOT IMMUNE1 GIV5 ! OMNIPRES5T & 9SIDI\S EFFECTS ( \R ECONOMIC1 CULTURAL & PHYSICAL 5VIRONM5T4 ,GLOBALIZATION HAS DONE = ! NOTION ( LOCALITY :AT ! 9T]NET HAS DONE = ! PAP] LETT]4 ,ALL POLITICS IS 9T]NATIONAL4 

,! SPREAD ( GLOBAL M>KETS & GLOBAL PRODUCTION HAS MADE US FAMILI> ) H[ JOBS 9 S\? ,WALES OR ,P5NSYLVANIA >E AFFECT$ BY WAGE LEVELS 9 ! ,PE>L ,RIV] ,DELTA4 ,BUT H[ IS IT ?AT A SUBSIDY = C[S CAN AFFECT IMMIGRATION8 7,! ANSW] IS ?AT AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES 9 ,EUROPE & ! ,U,S R$UCE EXPORT E>N+S 9 DEVELOP+ C\NTRIES1 & ?US 9COME & EMPLOYM5T LEVELS1 !REBY 9CREAS+ PRESSURES = MIGRATION1 LEGAL OR1 MORE (T51 ILLEGAL47 ,PLANS = Y\R RETIREM5T CAN BE AFFECT$ BY Y\R EMPLOY]'S NE$ TO R$UCE P5SIONS 9 ORD] TO KEEP CO/S AS L[ AS ITS ,*9ESE OR ,KOREAN COMPETITORS 7AS ,G5]AL ,MOTORS HAS DISCOV]$74.<#e#i.> ,9 ! ,EUROPEAN ,UNION FOOD /&>DS REQUIRE Y\R MORN+ BOIL$ EGG TO BE ( P>TICUL> COLOR & %APE4 ,WORLDWIDE1 ! FOOD WE EAT1 AS WELL AS ! QUALITY ( ! AIR WE BREA!1 IS MORE & MORE A FUNCTION IF NOT ( 9T]NATIONALLY-IMPOS$ RULES1 !N ( 9T]NATIONALLY-PROPAGAT$ NORMS4 ,EV]Y?+ IS CONNECT$4 

,IT'S H>D N[ TO NAME ONE ASPECT ( \R CONTEMPOR>Y EXI/5CE ?AT DOES NOT HAVE AN 9T]NATIONAL ASPECT4 ,EV5 ?+S :I* W]E ONCE ?OR\<LY LOCAL -- FA%ION1 CELEBRITY -- >E MORE & MORE 9T]NATIONAL4 ,B5ETTON OR ,L\IS ,VUITTON >E AS RECOGNIZ$ ON ! /REETS ( ,JOHANNESBURG AS !Y >E 9 ,SAO ,PAULO4 

,EASE ( TRAVEL & ! VA/ DISP>ITY BETWE5 LIFE 9 SOME RI* C\NTRIES & EV]YONE ELSE HAS CREAT$ VA/ FL[S ( MIGRATION :I* >E *ANG+ SOCIETIES AS FA/ AS ANY SOCIAL MOVEM5T1 EV5 REVOLUTIONS1 9 !IR HI/ORY4 ,OV] #b MILLION PEOPLE N[ LIVE \TSIDE !IR C\NTRY ( ORIG91 ACCORD+ TO A REC5T ,U,N SURVEY1 UP #b#e.0 S9CE #aii 7& D\BTLESS ACCEL]AT+74 ,GLOBAL CULTURE NOT ONLY MEANS ?AT EV]YONE KN[S ,BRITNEY ,SPE>S OR ,M,T,V4 ,IT ALSO MEANS ?AT /REET GANGS 9 ,SI]RA ,LEONE 7&1 9 ITS E>LI] CIVIL W>1 ITS MURD]\S MILITIAS7 EMULATE ! CULTURE -- & ! EASY VIOL5CE -- ( ,S\? ,C5TRAL ,LOS ,ANGELES4 ,\R WORLD IS 9 FLUX4 

,?IS OBS]VATION IS N[ SO WIDELY ACCEPT$ AS TO BE UTT]LY BANAL4 ,BUT :AT IS V]Y ODD AB\T \R GLOBALIZ$ WORLD ( ! TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY IS ?AT WE /ILL USE N9ETE5? & TW5TIE?-C5TURY WAYS ( >BITRAT+ IT4 ,! DIPLOMATIC MA*9]Y & MODES ( ?9K+ AB\T 9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS HAVE H>DLY *ANG$ AT ALL4 0,9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS0 & 0=EIGN AFFAIRS0 >E TREAT$ AS SEP>ATE DISC\RSES :5 9 REALITY !Y >E ?OR\<LY 9TR9SIC TO -- & 9SEP>ABLE FROM -- EV]Y?+ ELSE4 ,9DE$1 ! SEP>ATION 9TO A DISCRETE DISC\RSE HAS CREAT$ AN >TIFICIALITY ( ?\<T BO? AMONG ! PRACTITION]S & ?OSE :O /UDY !M4 

,AT UNIV]SITIES1 /UD5TS ATT5D C\RSES ON 09T]NATIONAL RELATIONS0 :]E !Y >E TAU<T !ORIES -- LIB]ALISM1 NEO-LIB]ALISM1 REALISM -- :I* ATTEMPT TO GIVE ORD] TO ?IS MAEL/ROM4 ,9 LEGISLATURES1 DISCUSSION ( =EIGN AFFAIRS IS SEQUE/]$ 9 SPECIAL COMMITTEES & DEBATES :I* FEW ATT5D1 :]E 0SPECIALI/S0 ANALYZE ! DO+S ( ,IRAN1 ,ISRAEL OR ,V5EZUELA AS IF !Y W]E AMOEBAS 9 A ,PETRI DI% 79V>IABLY ESS5TIALIS+ ( C\RSE74 ,MEAN:ILE1 R>ELY BO!R$ BY ! ATT5TIONS ( ?OSE :OM !Y >E SUPPOS$ TO BE S]V+1 ! DIPLOMATS1 UN-NAM$ & MO/LY UN-SCRUT9IZ$1 GO AB\T !IR BUS9ESS4 

,AS ! 9T]NATIONAL ASPECT ( POLITICS BECOMES MORE IMPORTANT1 DOME/IC POLITICS HAS BECOME EV] MORE NUGATORY & TRIVIAL4 ,9 ! ,WE/1 ! POLICY DIFF]5CES BETWE5 POLITICAL P>TIES HAVE %RUNK AS !Y CONV]GE >\ND LIB]AL-M>KET POLICIES4 ,D5I$ MEATY POLICY TO >GUE OV]1 POLITICS FOCUSES ON P]SONALITY 7WITNESS ,ITALY'S #bf P>LIAM5T>Y ELECTION7 & 9DIVIDUAL CR$IBILITY 9 DELIV]+ O!RWISE ALMO/ ID5TICAL POLICY4 ,YET VOT]S FEEL 9/9CTIVELY ?AT BIG /UFF IS GO+ ON1 & !Y'RE RI<T4 ,MIGRATION1 GLOBALIZATION & T]RORISM HAVE COMB9$ TO CREATE A DEEP S5SE ( 9SECURITY4 ,!SE =CES >E ( C\RSE AT PLAY ALL OV] ! WORLD1 9 ,*9A AS WELL AS ,S\? ,AFRICA4 ,& WE ALL NE$ A POLITICS ?AT IS ABLE TO COME TO T]MS ) !M4 

,AT A !ORETICAL LEVEL1 WE >E CONFRONT$ ) ,K>L ,POPP]'S DEFICIT4 ,DEMOCRACY WORKS AT ! NATIONAL LEVEL3 ! ELECTORATE PROVIDES ! FE$BACK TO GOV]NM5T 7?R\< ELECTIONS & O!R MEANS71 ?US 5ABL+ GOV]NM5T TO CORRECT 9EVITABLY 9ACCURATE POLICY 7POLICY IS 9EVITABLY 9ACCURATE BECAUSE NO GOV]NM5T CAN HAVE P]FECT KN[L$GE74 ,?IS FE$BACK SY/EM -- DEMOCRACY'S GREATE/ VIRTUE -- DOES NOT FUNCTION AT ! 9T]NATIONAL LEVEL4 ,?OSE AFFECT$ BY DECISIONS MADE 9 9T]NATIONAL =UMS1 OR ?OSE AFFECT$ 9 C\NTRY ,B BY ! POLICIES ( C\NTRY ,A1 HAVE NO WAY TO 9=M ! DECISION-MAK]S ( ! RI<TNESS OR WRONGNESS ( !IR POLICIES4 ,!RE IS NO DEMOCRACY 9 9T]NATIONAL AFFAIRS4 

,!RE >E A NUMB] ( WAYS TO />T TO ADDRESS ?IS DEFICIT1 SOME ( !M RADICAL1 BUT NONE ( !M IMPRACTICAL4 

,FIR/1 & MO/ SIMPLY1 ! DISC\RSE ( DIPLOMACY NE$S TO BE RETURN$ TO E>?4 ,! PRET5TI\S & CONFUS+ T]M9OLOGIES ( DIPLOMACY MU/ BE SIMPLIFI$1 & IF POSSIBLE1 AB&ON$4 ,:5 TALK+ ( GLOBALIZATION1 IT MI<T BE SIMPL] TO TALK AB\T ! HOMOG5IZATION ( GLOBAL CULTURES1 ! LIB]ALIZATION ( CAPITAL M>KETS1 ! MOVEM5T ( LABOR1 OR :ATEV] IT IS WE MEAN BY ! T]M RA!R ?AN ONE ?AT IS B&I$ AB\T )\T SPECIFICATION4 ,9/EAD ( REF]R+ TO ,W,M,D1 WE %\LD TALK AB\T NUCLE>1 BIOLOGICAL OR *EMICAL WEAPONS & !IR VA/LY DIFF]5T QUALITIES & CAPABILITIES1 RA!R ?AN A WORD DESIGN$ TO CONF\ND & T]RIFY4.<#f.> ,! ,U,N ,SECURITY ,C\NCIL %\LD REF] TO 0PRIVATE MEET+S0 RA!R ?AN 09=MAL CONSULTATIONS ( ,C\NCIL MEMB]S04 ,& ITS PUBLIC MEET+S %\LD G5U9ELY BE PUBLIC4 ,! PUBLIC IS ALL[$ TO ATT5D ! LEGISLATURES ( MANY DEMOCRACIES >\ND ! WORLD2 !Y %\LD BE ALL[$ H]E TOO4 ,BUREAUCRATS 9 PLACES LIKE ! ,EUROPEAN ,UNION MU/ /RIVE AT ALL TIMES TO SIMPLIFY ! LUDICR\SLY >CANE LANGUAGE ( MULTILAT]AL =EIGN POLICY MA*9]Y 7,C,F,S,P IS ! ,E,U'S COMMON =EIGN & SECURITY POLICY1 OR ,G,A,S,P1 ITS ACRONYM 9 ,G]MAN2 ,C,O,R,E,P,]1 ! COMMITTEE ( P]MAN5T REPRES5TATIVES :]E MU* ( ! REAL 9TRA-,E,U B>GA9+ IS DONE74 

,SECOND1 ! WORLD ( DIPLOMACY BADLY NE$S V5TILATION1 OR IT MAY RISK EXT9CTION 7SEE BEL[74 ,A NEW NON-GOV]NM5T ORGANIZATION CALL$ ,SECURITY ,C\NCIL ,REPORT.<#f#a.> N[ PUBLI%ES ON ! WEB DETAIL$ BRIEF+S & REPORTS ON PA/ & FUTURE MEET+S ( ! ,U,N ,SECURITY ,C\NCIL4 ,ITS PRODUCT IS \T/&+ & V]Y HELPFUL TO ! MANY :O >E TRY+ TO UND]/& ! WORK+S ( ?AT SECRETIVE ORGAN4 ,BUT IT NE$ NOT HAVE TAK5 AN ,N,G,O TO DO ?IS4 ,! ,C\NCIL ITSELF1 & ITS L>GE & G5]\SLY-/AFF$ ,SECRET>IAT1 C\LD EASILY HAVE AGRE$ TO PROVIDE SU* A S]VICE1 :I* W\LD HELP RE9=CE ! LEGITIMACY & EFFECTIV5ESS ( ! ,C\NCIL4 ,! ,EUROPEAN ,UNION & O!R MAJOR MULTILAT]AL ORGANS 7! ,WORLD ,TRADE ,ORGANIZATION1 ! ,AFRICAN ,UNION7 %\LD DO ! SAME IF !Y TOO >E NOT TO BE SE5 AS CLOS$1 UNREPRES5TATIVE & ?US ILLEGITIMATE4 

,MO/ SIMPLY ( ALL1 !SE 9/ITUTIONS %\LD PUBLI% LI/S ( :I* (FICIAL DOES :AT4 ,IT IS /ILL ABSURDLY DIFFICULT TO TELEPHONE ! ,U,N OR ,E,U OR ,W,T,O & SPEAK TO ANYONE ) RESPONSIBILITY = ANY P>TICUL> ISSUE1 FROM ,PALE/9E TO BANANA IMPORTS4 ,AT ! NATIONAL LEVEL1 =EIGN M9I/RIES %\LD DO LIKEWISE4 ,9 ! ,BRITI% ,=EIGN ,(FICE1 ! (FICE DIRECTORY IS A CLASSIFI$ DOCUM5T4 ,?IS HAS ! EFFECT ( PREV5T+ ! ORD9>Y PUBLIC FROM CONTACT+ ?OSE :O >E MAK+ POLICY DECISIONS 9 !IR NAME4 

,! VEIL ( PRIVILEGE & SECRECY ?AT SURR\NDS 9T]NATIONAL DIPLOMACY %\LD BE LIFT$4 ,!RE IS NO?+ SPECIAL AB\T DIPLOMACY4 ,IT REQUIRES NO P>TICUL> G5IUS TO PRACTICE4 ,! DOORS ( DIPLOMACY >E CLOS$ 9 P>T TO OBSCURE ?IS TRU?4 ,! DEF]5CE %[N TO DIPLOMATS IS NO MORE NECESS>Y ?AN ! DEF]5CE %[N TO ORD9>Y GOV]NM5T S]VANTS4 ,! >CANE NOM5CLATURES ( 0,Y\R ,EXCELL5CY01 0,M9I/] ,C\NSELOR0 & O!R ORNATE TITLES1 ! DIPLOMATIC UNI=M1 COCKAD$ HATS & RIBBONS WORN BY AMBASSADORS AT =MAL OCCASIONS1 CAN BE PUT 9TO ! MUSEUM DISPLAYS :]E !Y BELONG ) ! O!R >TIFACTS ( PREVI\S C5TURIES4 

,?IRD1 MORE DELIB]ATE MEANS ( ACC\NTABILITY NE$ TO BE E/ABLI%$4 ,DIPLOMATS %\LD BE OP5 TO SCRUT9Y & HELD RESPONSIBLE = !IR DECISIONS AS ANYONE ELSE4 ,9 ,BRITA91 ! 9TRODUCTION ( A ,FRE$OM ( ,9=MATION ,ACT S5T %UDD]S >\ND ! DIPLOMATIC S]VICE4 ,BUT 9 ,BRITA91 A V]Y L>GE AM\NT ( 9=MATION IS /ILL CONCEAL$ UNNECESS>ILY 9 ! NAME ( NATIONAL SECURITY4 ,P>LIAM5T DEBATES =EIGN AFFAIRS 9 ,=EIGN ,(FICE QUE/IONS 7KN[N1 OBSCURELY1 AS 0,T,O,P,S07 ONLY ONCE A MON?4 ,IT IS A LUDICR\S SPECTACLE1 :]E ! ,=EIGN ,SECRET>Y WORKS ?R\< A LONG LI/ ( PRE-SUBMITT$ QUE/IONS FROM ,M,PS AT A BREAKNECK PACE1 COV]+ ISSUES ( 5ORM\S SUBTLETY & COMPLEXITY 7FROM ,PALE/9E TO ,ZIMBABWE7 ) ! BRIEFE/ POSSIBLE ANSW]S4 ,EV5 !N1 HE OR %E DOESN'T MANAGE TO ANSW] ALL ! QUE/IONS4 ,BUT AT LEA/ ! ,=EIGN ,SECRET>Y APPE>S 9 ,P>LIAM5T1 ! ,U,S ,SECRET>Y ( ,/ATE DOESN'T DO QUE/IONS 9 ! FULL ,S5ATE OR ,H\SE ( ,REPRES5TATIVES4 

,AT LEA/ 9 ! ,U,S1 AMBASSADORS >E QUIZZ$ BY CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES BE=E APPO9TM5T 79 ,BRITA91 !RE IS NO SU* SY/EM74 ,BUT EV5 H]E1 ! ,S5ATE & ,H\SE >E KEPT \T ( ! 9N] BUS9ESS ( ! ,/ATE ,DEP>TM5T & O!R AG5CIES ( 9T]NATIONAL AFFAIRS4 ,SOMEH[1 EV]YONE HAS GR[N TO ACCEPT ?AT IT IS NOT ! PUBLIC'S BUS9ESS4 

,9 BO? ,AM]ICA & ,BRITA91 ! LEGISLATURES APPO9T COMMITTEES TO SCRUT9IZE =EIGN POLICY4 ,9 BO? C\NTRIES1 REFLECT+ ! SNOBB]Y & ELITISM ( DIPLOMACY ITSELF1 APPO9TM5T TO SU* A COMMITTEE IS RES]V$ = ! MO/ S5IOR & EXP]I5C$ S5ATORS & MEMB]S ( P>LIAM5T 7:O T5D IMM$IATELY TO MIMIC ! POMP\S 9TONATIONS ( AMBASSADORS & O!R 0/ATESM50 9 !IR COMM5T>IES74 ,9 ! ,U,S1 !SE COMMITTEES >E WELL-/AFF$ & FUND$2 9 ! ,U,K1 ! ,=EIGN ,AFFAIRS ,COMMITTEE IS SO UND]-RES\RC$ ?AT IT CAN ONLY MANAGE TO EXAM9E A FEW ISSUES EV]Y YE> 7IT !RE=E T5DS TO *OOSE ISSUES ( MEAN+LESS G5]ALITY LIKE ! 0W> ON T]RORISM0 OR 0GLOBALIZATION071 AL?\< ITS FUNDS1 HAPPILY = ITS MEMB]S1 DO /RET* TO VITAL 09=MATION-GA!R+0 VISITS 7:]E ! DIPLOMATS ORGANIZ+ !M >E C>EFUL TO BOOK EXP5SIVE HOTELS & LEAVE PL5TY ( TIME = 0%OPP+0 9 ! PROGRAMS74 ,BUT 9 BO? C\NTRIES !IR WORK IS LIMIT$ TO ! SEP>AT$ T]RITORY KN[N AS 9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS4 

,IF WE ACKN[L$GE ! REALITY ?AT ALMO/ EV]Y POLICY IS 9 SOME WAY AB\T :AT'S GO+ ON 9 ! RE/ ( ! WORLD1 ! 9T]NATIONAL ELEM5T %\LD BE 9TEGRAT$ BO? 9TO GOV]NM5T & ITS *ECKS & BALANCES1 ACROSS ! BO>D4 ,9/EAD1 AT ! MOM5T1 IT IS SEP>AT$ & TREAT$ AS A SPECIAL DISC\RSE UNTO ITSELF ) ITS [N SPECIAL RULES1 WORDS & TRADITIONS4 ,9DE$1 ?IS ELITISM IS A FUNCTION ( ?IS SEP>ATION4 ,9 ORD] TO VALIDATE AN UNJU/IFIABLE SEP>ATION 7& IMMUNITY FROM SCRUT9Y71 DIPLOMATS MU/ CON/ANTLY AFFIRM !IR ELITE /ATUS4 

,H]E'S ! MO/ RADICAL SUGGE/ION4 ,WE %\LD CONSID] ABOLI%+ ! SEP>ATE CADRE ( DIPLOMATS ALTOGE!R4 ,:5 9T]NATIONAL COMMUNICATION & >BITRATION IS EV] MORE NECESS>Y1 WE %\LD DIVE/ \RSELVES ( DIPLOMATS4.<#f#b.> ,!RE >E T5 GOOD REASONS :Y3 

#a4 ,! EXI/5CE ( DIPLOMATS REAFFIRMS ! SEP>AT$ NATURE ( DIPLOMACY & 9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS FROM O!R >EAS ( POLICY1 :5 9 FACT !Y >E 9EXTRICABLY CONNECT$4 

#b4 ,DIPLOMATS T5D TO BE G5]ALI/S & UNSKILL$ 9 ! COMPLEXITIES ( ! GLOBAL ISSUES1 FROM TRADE TO T]RORISM1 :I* N[ DOM9ATE \R WORLD4 7,! MEAG] TWO WEEKS ,I SP5T ON 9DUCTION TRA9+ BE=E />T+ WORK IS V]Y REVEAL+ 9 ?IS RESPECT47 ,AL?\< ,I SP5T F\R & A HALF YE>S READ+ 9TELLIG5CE ON ,IRAQ'S WEAPONS & >GU+ AB\T !M ) O!R DIPLOMATS1 MY KN[L$GE WAS 9F]IOR TO LIFE-LONG EXP]TS4.<#f#c.> ,ON ISSUES SU* AS GLOBAL W>M+1 BO? ! SCI5CE & ! POLICY >E BEYOND ! GRASP ( DIPLOMATS :O MAY ONLY BE APPO9T$ = TEMPOR>Y P]IODS TO H&LE NEGOTIATION4 ,ON T]RORISM1 ,I WELL REMEMB] MY EMB>RASSM5T LI/5+ TO MY !N AMBASSADOR ATTEMPT+ AT ! ,U,N ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY TO OV]COME DECADES-LONG >GUM5T OV] ! DEF9ITION ( T]RORISM BY (F]+ ?IS DESIGNATION3 0,IF IT LOOKS LIKE A T]RORI/1 IF IT ACTS LIKE A T]RORI/1 IF IT SMELLS LIKE A T]RORI/1 !N IT IS A T]RORI/0 7EMPHASIS WAS HIS74 

#c4 ,IT IS RIDICUL\S TO PRET5D ?AT ! WI%ES & NE$S ( AN 5TIRE C\NTRY CAN BE EMBODI$ 9 A S+LE DIPLOMAT1 OR EMBASSY1 OR AMBASSADOR4 ,! IDEA ?AT AN 9DIVIDUAL CAN ACCURATELY PRIORITIZE OR BALANCE !SE REQUIREM5TS1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! ABS5CE ( ANY SCRUT9Y1 IS UNJU/IFI$4 ,?IS WAS CONCEIVABLE 9 ! EI<TE5? C5TURY :5 ! 9T]NATIONAL NE$S ( A C\NTRY W]E MU* SIMPL] & FEW] 7& :]E1 ABS5T DEMOCRACY1 ! POPULATIONS HAD LITTLE *OICE BUT TO ACCEPT IT72 IT IS 9APPROPRIATE = ! VA/LY-CONNECT$ ]A WE N[ LIVE 94 

#d4 ,WE NE$ 9/EAD TO PROMOTE MULTIPLE L9KS AT MULTIPLE LEVELS BETWE5 GOV]NM5TS1 AVOID+ ! N>R[+ & \TDAT$ /RUCTURES ( TRADITIONAL DIPLOMACY4 ,9 SOME WAYS ?IS IS ALREADY HAPP5+4 7,I WAS /RUCK = 9/ANCE DUR+ MY PO/+ 9 ,G]MANY 9 ! E>LY #a#i#iS ?AT ! ,*ANCELLOR REFUS$ TO SEE AMBASSADORS -- HE CONSID]$ !M IRRELEVANT47 ,9 ,EUROPE1 DOME/IC M9I/]S DO A GREAT DEAL ( BUS9ESS DIRECTLY ) ONE ANO!R ?R\< ! ,EUROPEAN ,UNION1 AVOID+ ! TRADITIONAL EMBASSIES ALTOGE!R 7ALBEIT ?R\< ! CREATION ( A :OLE NEW SET ( IMP5ETRABLE MULTILAT]AL MA*9]IES74 ,M9I/RIES ( 5VIRONM5T N[ 9CREAS+LY H&LE DISCUSSION ( 5VIRONM5TAL ISSUES1 9CLUD+ GLOBAL W>M+ OR OZONE DEPLETION4 ,AS 9T]NATIONAL ASPECTS 9TRUDE ONTO DOME/IC POLICY1 DOME/IC M9I/RIES >E TAK+ OV] ! TRADITIONAL PRES]VES ( ! DIPLOMATS4 ,?IS PROCESS C\LD USEFULLY BE ACCEL]AT$4 

#e4 ,LIKEWISE1 DIPLOMATS ON ! GR\ND HAVE NOT PROV$ V]Y SKILLFUL AT MONITOR+ LOCAL POLITICAL TR5DS4 ,! ,BRITI% EMBASSY 9 ,TEHRAN FAIL$ TO NOTICE ! EM]G+ REVOLUTION 9 ,IRAN 9 #a#i#g#i4 ,DESPITE ! LESSONS FROM ?AT EPISODE 7TO HIS CR$IT1 ! !N ,BRITI% AMBASSADOR TAU<T O!RS H[ TO AVOID HIS MI/AKES.<#f#d.>71 ! EMBASSY AGA9 FAIL$ TO PR$ICT ! ELECTORAL VICTORY ( ,PRESID5T ,MAHM\D ,AHMAD9EJAD 9 #b#e4 ,:Y ?IS HAPP5S IS EASY TO SEE1 & HAS LITTLE TO DO ) ! P]SONAL SKILL ( ?OSE 9DIVIDUALS CONC]N$4 ,DIPLOMATS T5D TO BE PO/$ = %ORT P]IODS2 USUALLY ONLY A M9ORITY >E TRA9$ 9 LOCAL LANGUAGES4 ,!IR NE$ = COM=T &1 9CREAS+LY1 SECURITY T5DS TO PLACE !M 9 SECURE1 EXPAT 5CLAVES :]E !Y HAVE LITTLE CONTACT ) ! 0LOCALS04 ,?IS IS ( C\RSE ESPECIALLY TRUE 9 ?OSE C\NTRIES LEA/ LIKE \R [N 7,PAKI/AN1 ,*9A7 & :]E1 >GUABLY1 WE HAVE ! GREATE/ NE$ TO UND]/& 7PO/+S TO SU* 0DIFFICULT0 PO/S T5D TO BE %ORT] TOO74 ,?IS TASK IS !RE=E P]HAPS BETT] P]=M$ BY REAL C\NTRY EXP]TS1 FLU5T 9 LOCAL LANGUAGES & /EEP$ 9 LOCAL CU/OM1 ?AN ! TEMPOR>ILY-PO/$ DIPLOMAT4 ,ALREADY1 AN ,N,G,O CALL$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,CRISIS ,GR\P.<#f#e.> 7,I,C,G7 IS DEPLOY+ SU* ANALY/S 9 ! TR\BLE SPOTS ( ! WORLD4 ,! ,I,C,G HAS ALSO TAK5 ! RADICAL /EP ( EMPLOY+ LOCAL EXP]TS 7EX-J\RNALI/S1 POLITICAL SCI5TI/S & ! LIKE7 TO 9T]PRET :AT'S GO+ ON4 ,?US1 ! ,I,C,G'S REPORTS >E (T5 MORE SOPHI/ICAT$ & BETT] 9=M$ ?AN ! 09T]NAL POLITICAL0 TELEGRAMS ,I PRODUC$ & READ AS A DIPLOMAT 7EV5 ?\< ! LATT] >E (T5 CLASSIFI$1 & ! =M] >E AVAILABLE ON ! WORLDWIDE WEB74 ,AFT] ! RIOTS :I* %OOK ,KOSOVO 9 #b#d1 ,I ACCOMPANI$ ! ,U,N ,SPECIAL ,REPRES5TATIVE >\ND ! ,U,N HEADQU>T]S 9 ,NEW ,YORK TO EXPLA9 :AT HAD GONE WRONG4 ,ALL ( ?OSE :OM WE SPOKE TO1 9CLUD+ S5IOR MEMB]S ( ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,PEACEKEEP+ ,OP]ATIONS 7,D,P,K,O7 REF]R$ TO ! ,I,C,G REPORT 7PRODUC$ BY A ,BRITON ) YE>S ( REGIONAL EXP]I5CE & A LOCAL ,KOSOV>7 RA!R ?AN ! ,U,N'S [N REPORT+ FROM ! FIELD4 ,IT WAS MORE OBJECTIVE 7& CRITICAL ( ! ,U,N7 & SIMPLY BETT]4 

#f4 ,DIPLOMATS HAVE AN EXI/5TIAL 9T]E/ 9 PRES]V+ ! SECRETIVE TRADITIONS ( DIPLOMACY1 :I* EXCLUDE \TSID]S1 9 ORD] TO MA9TA9 ! MY/IQUE & /ATUS ( !IR ROLE4 ,! MORE ?REAT5$ BY \TSIDE 9TRUSION !Y BECOME1 ! TI<T] !Y WILL CLOSE !IR DOORS4 ,?IS T5D5CY IS ALREADY EVID5T 9 ! ,U,N ,SECURITY ,C\NCIL1 :]E ?OSE :O >E RESI/+ CALLS = MORE PUBLIC MEET+S COMPLA9 ?AT PUBLICITY WILL DRIVE ! 0REAL DIPLOMACY0 7I4E4 ! SORT ( CANTANK]\S DISCUSSION DESCRIB$ 9 *APT]S #c & #h7 \T ( !SE =UMS & 9TO MORE PRIVATE PLACES4 ,?IS >GUM5T IS TRUE BUT IT IS 9SUFFICI5T4 ,:AT /ATES WANT TO KEEP SECRET !Y WILL1 & !Y ALWAYS HAVE DONE4 

#g4 ,! EXI/5CE ( DIPLOMATS T5DS TO REAFFIRM ! /ATE-C5TRIC 0REALI/0 WAY ( ?9K+ AB\T 9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS4 ,! DIPLOMAT IS ! 9T]NATIONAL EXPON5T ( HIS /ATE 7NOT HIS GOV]NM5T74 ,?IS WAY ( ?9K+ ACC5TUATES & EMPHASIZES DIFF]5CE BY =C+ ! PRACTITION]S TO DEF9E !IR POSITIONS 9 T]MS ( NATION-/ATES & ANA*RONI/IC & 9V5T$ ID5TITIES 7SEE *APT] #e 0,!M & ,US074 ,IT ALSO RE/S ON & CONT9UALLY RE9=CES ,HOBBESIAN NOTIONS ( H[ ! WORLD WORKS1 I4E4 ( P]PETUAL *AOS )\T ! 5=C+ H& ( ! /ATE4 ,!SE WAYS ( ?9K+ >E CIRCUL> 7! /ATE PROVIDES SECURITY2 !RE IS NO SECURITY )\T ! /ATE7 & CAN EXAC]BATE1 NOT R$UCE1 CONFLICT 7! CONCEPT ( PREEMPTIVE W> /&S AS ! PREEM95T EXAMPLE74 ,TO TAKE ONE EXAMPLE1 9 ! DEBATE 9 ! ,U,N ,SECURITY ,C\NCIL ON SANCTIONS ON ,IRAQ1 DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! DIPLOMATS WAS HABITUAL 7& BITT]7 TO ! EXT5T ?AT WE C\LD B>ELY IMAG9E AGREE+4 ,9 #b#a1 WE HAD TO AGREE A 0CONTROL LI/0 ( ITEMS TO BE PROHIBIT$ = EXPORT TO ,IRAQ4 ,SU* WAS ! TE*NICAL COMPLEXITY ( ! ITEMS CONC]N$1 ! DIPLOMATS HAD TO LEAVE ! NEGOTIATION TO EXP]TS 9 DUAL-USE GOODS & O!R MILIT>Y TE*NOLOGY4 ,TO ! DIPLOMATS' GREAT SURPRISE1 !SE EXP]TS W]E ABLE QUITE EASILY TO AGREE ! LI/1 OV] :I* ! DIPLOMATS HI!RTO HAD >GU$ = MON?S4 ,TO !M1 IT WAS RELATIVELY /RAI<T=W>D TO AGREE :AT WAS POT5TIALLY RISKY TO EXPORT TO ,SADDAM'S ,IRAQ & :AT NOT4 

#h4 ,?IS /ATE-C5TRIC 0REALI/0 WAY ( ?9K+ IS 9H]5TLY AMORAL1 & =CES ITS EXPON5TS1 9CLUD+ DIPLOMATS LIKE ME1 TO AB&ON !IR [N P]SONAL MORAL S5SE4 ,9 LONG-S]V+ DIPLOMATS1 ! MORALITY ( ! /ATE T5DS TO SUBSUME 5TIRELY ANY P]SONAL MORAL S5SIBILITY 7OR SUBM]GE IT TO ! PO9T ( 9VISIBILITY74 ,IT IS CONT9UALLY RE9=C$ 9 ! ORGANS ( DIPLOMACY1 SU* AS ! ,BRITI% ,=EIGN ,(FICE1 ?AT ! MORALITY ( ! /ATE1 :I* IS A =M ( IMMORALITY1 IS SE5 AS SUP]IOR TO P]SONAL MORALITY 7RAISON D'ETAT ETC4 ETC474 ,?IS CREATES ! POSSIBILITY ( BAD1 IMMORAL POLICY SU* AS SANCTIONS ON ,IRAQ1 OR ! ,SECURITY ,C\NCIL'S TREATM5T ( ! ,WE/]N ,SAH>A1 :I* MAKE P]FECT S5SE 9 ! 0REALI/0 SECURITY-C5T]$ WAY ( ?9K+1 BUT V]Y LITTLE MORAL S5SE 9 T]MS ( M9IMIZ+ HUMAN SUFF]+ OR RESOLV+ DISPUTES4 ,ORD9>Y GOV]NM5T S]VANTS1 :O LACK ! ELEVAT$ /ATUS ( DIPLOMATS1 & :O T5D TO BE CLOS] TO ! CONC]NS ( ORD9>Y PEOPLE1 ONE HOPES1 >E BETT] IMMUNIZ$ AGA9/ ?IS AMORAL S5SIBILITY4 

#i4 ,:ILE WE >E NOT AB\T TO GET RID ( ! /ATE1 WE %\LD RECOGNIZE ! IMPORTANCE (1 & GIVE MORE WEI<T TO1 ! MANY O!R ACTORS 9VOLV$ 9 9T]NATIONAL AFFAIRS4 ,! EXI/5CE ( DIPLOMATS AT ! TOP ( ! PILE T5DS TO SQUEEZE \T !SE O!R ACTORS1 TO ! DETRIM5T ( 9CLUSIVE & ?US EFFECTIVE POLICY-MAK+4 ,GOV]NM5TS LIKE TO ?9K ?AT !Y >E 9 *>GE ( WORLD EV5TS4 ,DIPLOMATS EXI/1 & HAVE A /RONG SELF-9T]E/1 9 REAFFIRM+ ?IS SOLIPSI/IC WORLD VIEW4 ,!IR DISPAT*ES & TELEGRAMS 7EV5 TODAY1 AS Y\ WILL SEE :5 !Y >E EV5TUALLY RELEAS$7 >E FULL ( GR&IOSE /ATEM5TS AB\T H[ ?IS OR ?AT WORLD PROBLEM MI<T BE SOLV$ 7! OMNIPOT5T 0WE0 AGA974 ,?IS FLATT]S ! EGOS ( ! POLITICIANS :OM !Y S]VE2 IT FLATT]S !IR [N EGOS4 ,BUT !Y >E WRONG4 ,GOV]NM5TS & DIPLOMATS >E AS MU* 7IF NOT MORE7 IMPOT5T WITNESSES TO WORLD EV5TS AS !Y >E 9/IGATORS4 ,HI/ORY SUGGE/S ?AT EV5 ! ULTIMATE PRES]VE ( GOV]NM5T -- W>-MAK+ -- HAS MYRIAD & UNPR$ICTABLE ANTEC$5TS & CONSEQU5CES4 ,GOV]NM5TS >E F> FROM :OLLY 9 *>GE4 ,! ORGANIZATION ( GOV]NM5T 9T]NATIONALLY & ( 9T]NATIONAL AFFAIRS G5]ALLY %\LD BETT] REFLECT ?IS REALITY4 

,WE WILL /ILL NE$ EMBASSIES TO ORGANIZE M9I/]S' VISITS & LOOK AFT] DI/RESS$ TRAVEL]S :O LOSE !IR PASSPORTS 79DE$1 AS T\RISM SWELLS1 WE WILL D\BTLESS NE$ MORE74 ,!RE'S NO REASON :Y EMBASSIES CANNOT /ILL TRY TO PROVIDE GOOD ON-!-GR\ND ANALYSIS ( :AT'S GO+ ON1 DESPITE !IR 9EVITABLE LIMITATIONS 79DE$1 ?IS NE$ IS ALL ! GREAT] AS DECISION-MAK+ IS CONC5TRAT$ 9 CAPITALS & ! REMOVE FROM REALITY 9CREASES74 ,BUT ALREADY 9 ! ,EUROPEAN ,UNION 7,E,U71 ! EMBASSIES ( O!R ,E,U MEMB]S >E BECOM+ LIKE BUS T]M9ALS = VISIT+ DELEGATIONS ( HOME GOV]NM5T S]VANTS & M9I/]S AS !Y VISIT !IR OPPOSITE NUMB]S 9 EV]-9CREAS+ NUMB]S4 ,GR\PS ( BUS9ESSPEOPLE COME & GO1 US+ ! EMBASSY AS !Y W\LD AN EXCLUSIVE CLUB1 TO IMPRESS !IR CU/OM]S & BUS9ESS CONTACTS 7GOV]NM5T-FAVOR$ BUS9ESSES1 NOTABLY ! >MS 9DU/RY1 T5D MO/LY TO B5EFIT FROM ?IS PRIVILEGE74 ,! AMBASSADORS 9 SU* EMBASSIES1 :O HAVE TO PUT UP ) /REAMS ( (FICIAL VISITORS US+ !IR RESID5CES = ACCOMMODATION1 HAVE BECOME GLORIFI$ HOTEL MANAG]S1 LAY+ \T ! FANCY CROCK]Y ) T$I\S FREQU5CY4.<#f#f.> ,! DAYS ( ! PR(ESSIONAL DIPLOMAT AS IT ONCE WAS CONCEPTUALIZ$1 ! GR& PL5IPOT5TI>Y REPRES5T+ 9 TOTO ! POLITICAL NE$S ( HIS C\NTRY 9 ANO!R /ATE1 >E NUMB]$ IF NOT ALREADY PA/4 

#a4 ,MEAN:ILE1 = ! ORD9>Y PUBLIC1 ! SELF-S]V+ ELITISM & FAKE-OMNIPOT5CE ( ! WORLD'S DIPLOMATS HAS CREAT$ A COM=T+ ILLUSION3 ?AT !Y >E 9 CONTROL1 ALL[+ ! RE/ ( US TO GET ON ) \R LIVES4 ,WE >E NOT 5TITL$ TO ?IS ILLUSION4 ,! PACT ( IRRESPONSIBILITY MU/ 5D4 ,WE MU/ CORRESPOND+LY TAKE MORE RESPONSIBILITY = \R [N 9T]NATIONAL AFFAIRS4 ,\R VOTES1 & \R BEHAVIOR1 HAVE 9T]NATIONAL CONSEQU5CES4 ,EV]Y ACTION1 :E!R BUY+ FRUIT1 EMPLOY+ A CLEAN]1 OR *OOS+ :]E TO TAKE Y\R HOLIDAY IS 9T]NATIONAL1 & IS1 9 ITS WAY1 A =M ( DIPLOMACY4 ,EV]YONE IS A DIPLOMAT4 

,= OBVI\S REASONS1 COMM]CIAL COMPANIES HAVE BE5 ! FIR/ TO ADAPT TO ?IS REALITY4 ,BOSSES ( BIG BANKS & MANUFACTUR]S N[ VISIT ,*9A F> MORE (T5 ?AN DO \R POLITICIANS 7& ?US KN[ MU* MORE AB\T IT74 ,MULT9ATIONALS HAVE LONG AGO TRANSC5D$ ! B\NDS ( NATIONAL LOCATION & ID5TITY4 ,EXXON ,MOBIL HAS A L>GE POLITICAL DEP>TM5T TO MONITOR & NEGOTIATE ) ! MANY GOV]NM5TS ) :OM ! COMPANY HAS DEAL+S4 ,MC,DONALDS & ,GOOGLE >E EFFECTIVELY CONDUCT+ !IR [N DIPLOMACY1 SU* >E ! MULTIPLE EFFECTS 7LOCAL1 9T]NATIONAL1 SOCIAL1 ECONOMIC1 ES!TIC1 5VIRONM5TAL7 ( !IR DECISIONS4 ,IT WAS NOTABLE ?AT DUR+ HIS #bf VISIT TO ! ,U,S1 ,*9ESE ,PRESID5T ,HU ,J9TAO VISIT$ ,MICROS(T 9 ,SEATTLE BE=E -- & = LONG] ?AN -- HE VISIT$ ! ,CAPITOL4 ,WAT*+ ! VISIT1 ,I WAS /RUCK BY H[ ,BILL ,GATES SQUIR$ ! ,PRESID5T >\ND 9 ! SAME MANN] AN AMBASSADOR W\LD HAVE ( OLD4 ,%>EHOLD]S & CONSUM]S %\LD BE AW>E ( ?IS 9 !IR *OICES4 

,SOME COMM5TATORS ON ?IS TR5D1 NOTABLY ,?OMAS ,FRI$MAN1 >GUE ?AT ?IS MASSIVE COMM]CIAL 9T]ACTION IS B\ND TO HAVE POSITIVE EFFECTS1 ?AT ! 9T]NET = 9/ANCE CAN ONLY PROMOTE OP5NESS & FREE SPEE*4 ,REALITY SUGGE/S ?AT COMM]CE & TE*NOLOGY CAN BE AS AMBIGU\S 9 !IR EFFECTS AS ANY?+ ELSE4 ,GOOGLE1 ,YAHOO & ,MICROS(T HAVE ALL BE5 ACCUS$ BY ,AMNE/Y ,9T]NATIONAL.<#f#g.> ( ABETT+ C5SOR%IP & REPRESSION 9 ,*9A BY SUPPLY+ EQUIPM5T & ADAPT+ !IR SE>* 5G9ES TO BLOCK C]TA9 SITES &1 9 ,YAHOO'S CASE1 ASSI/+ ! ,*9ESE AU?ORITIES 9 ID5TIFY+ ON-L9E ANTI-GOV]NM5T CRITICS4 ,9 RESPONSE1 !Y HAVE >GU$ ?AT NO COMPANY ALONE CAN *ANGE ,*9ESE LAW1 BY :I* !Y MU/ ABIDE4 ,! SOLUTION IS !RE=E OBVI\S4.<#f#h.> 

,!SE =CES MU/ BE PO9T$ 9 ! RI<T DIRECTION IF !Y >E TO BE = ! GOOD4 ,EFFECTIVE =EIGN POLICY1 :E!R 9 PROMOT+ LABOR RI<TS OR 5VIRONM5TAL /&>DS1 N[ REQUIRES COALITIONS ( ACTORS -- ! PRIVATE SECTOR1 CIVIL SOCIETY & GOV]NM5T -- ACT+ 9 CONC]T TO BE EFFECTIVE4.<#f#i.> ,IF =EIGN M9I/RIES >E TO BE EFFECTIVE1 EV5 RELEVANT1 9 ! FUTURE1 AS PROPAGATORS ( POLICY & *ANGE !Y MU/ CONSID] H[ TO ORGANIZE SU* COALITIONS1 & H[ TO 5COMPASS1 DIRECT & 9=M !SE MANY DIFF]5T /R&S & EFFECTORS ( POLICY4 

,! ,N,G,O ,GLOBAL ,WITNESS HAS BE5 TRACK+ H[ W>S >E FUEL$ BY ! EXPLOITATION ( NATURAL RES\RCES -- TIMB]1 DIAMONDS -- BY UNSCRUPUL\S GOV]NM5TS & TRAD]S4 ,GLOBAL ,WITNESS POPUL>IZ$ ! NOTION ( 0CONFLICT DIAMONDS01 :OSE EXTRACTION 7(T5 9 CONDITIONS ( DREADFUL CRUELTY7 WAS CONTROLL$ BY W>LORDS 9 ,WE/ ,AFRICA 7,LIB]IA'S ,*>LES ,TAYLOR BE+ ! MO/ 9FAM\S EXAMPLE7 BUT B\<T BY 9T]NATIONAL DIAMOND TRAD+ COMPANIES & SOLD ON ! HI< /REET4 ,! PROCE$S W5T TO BUY ,A,K-#d#gS & ROCKET-PROPELL$ GR5ADES :I* W]E !N US$ 9 ! VICI\S & DE/RUCTIVE W>S 9 ,LIB]IA1 ,SI]RA ,LEONE & ELSE:]E4 ,GLOBAL ,WITNESS'S WORK HAS DONE MU* TO HI<LI<T A CONNECTION ?AT BO? /IMULATES & SU/A9S CONFLICT1 & AS A RESULT1 GOV]NM5TS &1 TO A LIMIT$ EXT5T1 ! DIAMOND TRADE ITSELF >E HAV+ TO TAKE ACTION4 ,!RE IS A LONG WAY /ILL TO GO T[>DS GLOBAL RULES & NORMS TO 9HIBIT SU* TRADE4 ,! FACT ?AT ,GLOBAL ,WITNESS IS RUN ON A %OE/R+ 7ITS F\ND]S RAIS$ !IR FIR/ FUNDS BY %AK+ COLLECT+ T9S AT UND]GR\ND /ATIONS7 & FUND$ BY PHILAN?ROPIC F\NDATIONS ILLU/RATES ?AT ITS IDEAS >E /ILL \TSIDE ! =EIGN POLICY MA9/REAM4 

,! PRACTICE & PROCESS ( DIPLOMACY1 !N1 NE$S TO *ANGE 9TO SOME?+ MU* MORE DIV]SE & ECLECTIC1 SU* ?AT WE P]HAPS %\LDN'T GIVE IT A COLLECTIVE NAME -- SU* AS DIPLOMACY -- AT ALL4 

,BEYOND ?IS TRANS=MATION ( DIPLOMACY1 !RE >E O!R /EPS TOO1 :I* 9VOLVE A CONSCI\S AB&ONM5T ( ! /ATE-C5T]$ ?9K+ SO 9TR9SIC TO ! NATURE ( 9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS & DIPLOMACY TODAY4 ,?IS T\*ES ON ! SUB/ANCE1 MORE ?AN ! PROCESS1 ( 9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS4 ,H]E WE MU/ /EP 9TO MORE IDEALI/ T]RITORY4 

,COSMOPOLITANISM DATES FROM ,GREEK SOCIETY 9 ! F\R? C5TURY ,B,C4 ,A COSMOPOLITAN IS A CITIZ5 ( ! WORLD -- SOMEONE :OSE LOYALTIES TRANSC5D A P>TICUL> /ATE OR POLITY4 ,AS >GU$ 9 MORE REC5T EXPOSITIONS1.<#g.> COSMOPOLITANISM EMBODIES ! IDEA ?AT WE HAVE OBLIGATIONS TO O!R HUMAN BE+S \TSIDE \R NATION1 & ?AT WE MU/ TAKE S]I\SLY ! WAYS 9 :I* PEOPLE 9 DIFF]5T CULTURES *OOSE TO LIVE4 ,WE MAY NOT AGREE ) !M1 BUT WE HAVE TO DEAL ) !M4 

,9 A WORLD ( MASSIVE 9T]ACTION1 IT SEEMS WE HAVE LITTLE *OICE4 ,9 \R WORLD TODAY1 H[ ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T TREATS ! ,*E*5S MAY AFFECT \R SAFETY RID+ ! SUBWAY 9 ,LONDON OR ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY4 ,WORK+ CONDITIONS 9 ,PAKI/AN AFFECT EMPLOYM5T 9 ,EUROPE4 ,C>BON EMISSIONS 9 ,AU/RALIA MAY 5DANG] BIODIV]SITY 9 ,SUSSEX OR ,UTAH1 OR CAUSE SEA LEVELS TO RISE 9 ,BANGLADE%4 ,LESS SELFI%LY1 \R EMOTIONS >E T\*$ BY ! SUFF]+ 9 ,D>FUR4 

,MEAN:ILE1 MANY ( ! ?+S ?AT MO/ WORRY US1 & UND]M9E BO? \R S5SE ( WELL-BE+ & \R ACTUAL SAFETY1 DO NOT FIT 9TO ! CONV5TIONAL MEASUREM5T ( CLASSICAL ECONOMICS OR !ORIES ( 9T]NATIONAL RELATIONS4 ,\R CONC]N = ! SUFF]+ ( O!RS1 = 9/ANCE1 IS NOT EASILY QUANTIFI$1.<#g#a.> & NOR IS \R 9/9CT = NATURE -- A PR(\ND HUMAN *>ACT]I/IC ?AT HAS NO MEASURE 9 ECONOMIC !ORY BUT HAS BE5 DEMON/RAT$ 9 C\NTLESS /UDIES4 ,!RE >E ?+S BEYOND MEASURE1 BEYOND CALCULATION4 ,NO ONE CALCULAT+ ,BRITA9'S OR ,AM]ICA'S 9T]E/ 9 NOT 9T]V5+ 9 ,BOSNIA 9 ! E>LY #a#i#iS W\LD HAVE CONSID]$ !IR DECISION'S EFFECT ON ! ANTIPA?Y ( ,MUSLIMS 9 ,EGYPT 7OR ,LE$S71 SOMETIMES MANY YE>S LAT]4 

,9 ! MORASS & CONFUSION ( =CES AT WORK 9 ! TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY1 WE NE$ GUIDEPO/S TO /E] \R PA?4 ,! 9TUITIONS & PREJUDICES ( LESS-CONNECT$ ]AS >E A HELP1 BUT 9SUFFICI5T4 ,AS ,TONY ,BLAIR HAS SAID1 WE >E LOOK+ AT A WORLD AS AN EV]-*ANG+ KALEIDOSCOPE4 ,AS WE >E DAZZL$ BY ITS MANY COLORS & %APES1 WE /ILL NE$ CRIT]IA BY :I* TO MAKE DECISIONS -- TO GUIDE US4 

,9 CONTRA/ TO ! ECLECTICISM ,I ADVOCATE = ! FUTURE ( DIPLOMACY1 WE BADLY NE$ S+UL> IF NOT TO SAY UNIV]SALI/ IDEAS ( H[ TO TREAT ONE ANO!R & >BITRATE \R GLOBAL EXI/5CE3 COMMON NORMS1 IF NOT COMMON RULES4 ,SU* UNIV]SALISM IS NATURALLY P]IL\S4 ,MANY ( \R %>$ PROBLEMS >E CLASSIC 0TRAG$IES ( ! COMMONS0 :]E CORRECTIVE ACTION IMPLIES CO/S = ! ACTOR 7SU* AS A C>BON TAX71 & :]E 0FREE RID+0 IS REW>D$4 ,9VOK+ S+UL> /&>DS IMM$IATELY DRAWS AN ACCUSATION ( ! V]Y ESS5TIALISM ,I HAVE E>LI] ATTACK$4 

,S9CE ,RUSSIA'S GOV]NM5T BE>S NO CO/ DIRECTLY 79 ELECTORAL T]MS7 = BRUTALITY 9 ,*E*NYA 7EV5 IF ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY MAY71 :AT MOTIVE DOES IT HAVE TO *ANGE POLICY8 ,PUT SIMPLY1 ! PROBLEM B$EVIL+ 9T]NATIONAL POLICY IS ?AT ?OSE DECID+ IT >E V]Y (T5 NOT ?OSE AFFECT$ BY IT4 

,H]E1 ,POPP] MI<T GUIDE US ONCE MORE4 ,! REALI/1 9T]E/S-BAS$ MODEL ( NATIONAL =EIGN POLICY-MAK+ 5C\RAGES COMPETITIVE1 %ORT-T]M & ULTIMATELY C\NT]-PRODUCTIVE POLICY4 ,MOREOV]1 AS ,POPP] DEMON/RAT$1 IT IS FUTILE = ANY GOV]NM5T1 EV5 ON ! WELL-TRODD5 GR\ND ( DOME/IC POLICY1 TO CLAIM IT KN[S :AT IS RI<T TO DO3 KN[L$GE IS 9EVITABLY IMP]FECT1 SO !RE MU/ 9EVITABLY BE ]ROR 9 POLICY-MAK+4 ,9/EAD1 HE PROPOS$ A SIMPLE CRIT]ION AS ! />T+ PO9T = POLICY-MAK+3 ! M9IMIZATION ( SUFF]+4 ,?IS IS AN 9V]SION ( ! NORMAL CALCULUS ( POLICYMAK+3 :AT DO WE WANT8 ,POPP] >GU$ IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO KN[ ! SUM ( HUMAN WANTS1 !Y >E SO V>I$ & SOMETIMES UNKN[ABLE4 ,POLICYMAK+ %\LD !RE=E />T AT ! O!R 5D4 

,?IS CRIT]ION DOES NOT GIVE US SPECIFIC GUIDANCE 9 EA* CASE -- H[ %\LD WE M9IMIZE SUFF]+ 9 ,D>FUR8 -- BUT IT ORI5TS US ON ! AIM & ! />T+-PO9T ( POLICY1 RA!R ?AN FLAIL+ >\ND 9 A WELT] ( DIFF]+ OBJECTIVES 70SECURITY01 0/ABILITY0 0FRE$OM0 -- TO :I* ! QU]Y IS ALWAYS RAIS$1 :OSE874 ,! DETAILS ( ANY POLICY CAN ONLY BE WORK$ \T 9 ! CLOSE/ POSSIBLE 5C\NT] ) ! FACTS1 ! REALITY1 ( ANY SITUATION1 AVOID+ AS MU* AS POSSIBLE IMPOS$ 9TELLECTUAL MODELS & METAPHORS1 BEYOND ?IS BROAD OBJECTIVE4 ,IT IS ALSO A UNIV]SAL OBJECTIVE1 UN-POSSESS$ BY ANY ONE CULTURE OR RELIGION1 & !RE=E ONE ON :I* ! WORLD COMMUNITY CAN1 P]HAPS1 AGREE4 ,?IS IS NOT TO DISPOSE ( ! LAW & ME*ANISMS ( HUMAN RI<TS1 DEVELOPM5T & ! O!R MOTORS = ! BETT]M5T ( HUMANITY1 BUT TO TRY TO REGR\P !M 9 A NEW COLLECTIVE HEAD+1 TO :I* ALL CAN AGREE4 ,\R PRES5T DISCORD NE$S A NEW CONS5SUS4 

,EV5 IF SU* A COMMON AIM C\LD BE AGRE$1 WE W\LD /ILL NE$ SOME K9D ( ORGANIZATION TO DELIV] IT4 ,SADLY1 \R 9/ITUTIONS = 9T]NATIONAL COOP]ATION1 ABOVE ALL ! ,U,N1 >E 9 BAD %APE4 ,! SC&AL ( ! OIL-=-FOOD PROGRAM HAS UND]M9$ PUBLIC CONFID5CE 9 ! ,U,N1 ALREADY WEAK5$ BY ! R\T9E CRITICISM ( ! ,RI<T 9 ! ,U,S1 :I* IS SO SKEPTICAL ( 9T]NATIONAL LAW & COLLECTIVE ACTION4 ,MY [N EXP]I5CE WORK+ 9 A ,U,N FIELD MISSION CONFIRM$ ?AT IT REMA9S AN 9/ITUTION 9T]NALLY RIV5 BY FAVORITISM & 9EFFICI5CY.<#g#b.> 7,I REMEMB] ONE S5IOR MEMB] ( ! MISSION ADVIS+ ME ?AT1 IF ,I WANT$ A C>E] 9 ! ,U,N1 TO SP5D MY TIME CULTIVAT+ S5IOR 0FRI5DS0 9 ! ,U,N SY/EM RA!R ?AN DO+ MY JOB74 ,MEAN:ILE1 = MANY O!R C\NTRIES \TSIDE ! CLOS$ CIRCLE ( ! ,P#e1 ! ,U,N'S AU?ORITY IS WEAK5$ BY ! UNREPRES5TATIV5ESS ( ! MEMB]%IP ( ITS MO/ P[]FUL ORGAN1 ! ,SECURITY ,C\NCIL1 &1 AS A RESULT1 ! >BITR>9ESS & 9JU/ICE ( MANY ( ITS DECISIONS 7OR LACK ( DECISIONS74 ,ITS LEGAL & MORAL AU?ORITY IS ?US MU* ! LESS4 

,ANY RE=M MU/ !RE=E TACKLE !SE TW9 PROBLEMS4 ,! NON-WE/]N WORLD T5DS TO SUSPECT 0MANAGEM5T RE=M0 AS CAM\FLAGE = ,U,S ATTEMPTS TO WEAK5 ! ,U,N 7A SUSPICION F$ BY ! APPO9TM5T ( A ,U,S AMBASSADOR TO ! ,U,N :O IS FAM\SLY HO/ILE TO IT7 :5 SU* RE=M IS URG5TLY NECESS>Y4 ,! ,U,N LEAD]%IP 7! ,SECRET>Y-,G5]AL & O!RS7 CLAIM ?AT MU* AS !Y WI% TO RE=M1 !Y CANNOT )\T ! MEMB]%IP'S CONS5T 7:5 9 FACT !RE IS MU* ?AT !Y C\LD DO 9T]NALLY )\T SEEK+ POLITICAL AGREEM5T74 ,RE=M NE$S TO BE PACKAG$1 9 A NEW COMPACT 7MAYBE A NEW ,SAN ,FRANCISCO CONF]5CE1 LIKE ! ONE :]E ! ,U,N WAS F\ND$71 ) EXPANSION ( ! ,C\NCIL MEMB]%IP & CON/ITUTIONAL RE=M ( ! *>T]4 ,?IS MI<T ADDRESS ! S5SIBLE CONCLUSIONS ( ! ,SECRET>Y-,G5]AL'S ,HI<-,LEVEL ,PANEL1 :OSE RECOMM5DATIONS1 9T] ALIA TO UPDATE 9T]NATIONAL LAW ON ! USE ( =CE1 LANGUI% UNIMPLEM5T$4 

,SECURITY ,C\NCIL RE=M IS FAM\SLY DIFFICULT1 & HAS FAIL$ AT SEV]AL ATTEMPTS1 MA9LY BECAUSE ! C&IDATES = MEMB]%IP CANNOT AGREE :O %\LD JO9 7& = EV]Y C&IDATE !RE IS AN EQUALLY HO/ILE 0ANTI-C&IDATE0 :O WI%ES TO SEE !M FAIL1 NAMELY ,9DIA 7OPPOS$ BY ,PAKI/AN71 ,G]MANY 7,ITALY71 ,JAPAN 7,*9A7 ETC47 & BECAUSE ( ! LACK ( 5?USIASM FROM ! ,P#e1 :O1 :ILE (T5 M\?+ SUPPORT = EXPANSION1 QUIETLY PREF] ! PRIVILEGES ( ! /ATUS QUO 7!IR VETO P[]74 ,!Y MU/ REALIZE ?AT ! ]OSION ( ! AU?ORITY ( ! ,U,N IS ALREADY ! RESULT ( ?IS COMPLAC5CY4 

,AS ! ,U,N'S ,DEPUTY ,SECRET>Y-,G5]AL ,M>K ,MALLO* ,BR[N HAS >GU$1.<#g#c.> ! ,U,S RECOGNIZES1 BUT ALL TOO R>ELY ACKN[L$GES PUBLICLY1 ?AT IT IS A MAJOR B5EFICI>Y ( ! ,U,N 9 ALL K9DS ( WAYS 7CUT-PRICE PEACEKEEP+ = ONE1 9 PLACES :]E ! ,U,S DOES NOT WI% TO S5D ITS [N TROOPS74 ,MORE BROADLY1 ALL DEMOCRACIES HAVE AN 9T]E/ 9 MA9TA9+ ! 9T]NATIONAL RULE ( LAW3 )\T IT1 WE'RE 9 ! JUNGLE4 ,DO WE WANT A WORLD :]E COMMUNI/ 7IF ?AT'S ! RI<T WORD7 ,*9A FEELS UNTRAMMEL$ BY GLOBAL RULES1 ANY MORE ?AN IT DOES ALREADY8 

,BUT1 AS ,I HAVE >GU$1 ! CRISIS ( DIPLOMATIC LEGITIMACY HAS DEEP] ROOTS ?AN ! COMPLA9TS ( M]E GOV]NM5TS4 ,\R PROBLEMS >E GLOBAL & WE NE$ A GLOBAL POLITICS TO DEAL ) !M4 ,! ,U,N IS AN ORGANIZATION ( GOV]NM5TS1 & AS IT IS CURR5TLY CON/ITUT$1 IT CAN NEV] BECOME A DEMOCRATIC ORGAN4 ,EV5 IF EV]Y MEMB] /ATE W]E DEMOCRATIC1 IT W\LD /ILL 5TAIL ! PROBLEM ( ALL 9T]-GOV]NM5TAL BODIES1 NAMELY ?AT IT OP]ATES AT SEV]AL REMOVES FROM ! REALITY ( ?OSE :OSE LIVES IT >BITRATES4 ,?OSE NEGOTIAT+ ITS POLICY W\LD 9EVITABLY BE REQUIR$ TO PAY MORE HE$ TO ! NE$S ( O!R GOV]NM5TS ?AN ! PEOPLE AFFECT$ BY ! POLICY4 ,!Y MU/1 IF !Y >E TO REA* DECISIONS ON ANY?+4 

,SOME GLOBAL CONF]5CES -- ON ! 5VIRONM5T1 & TRADE -- HAVE OP5$ =UMS = ,N,G,OS TO P>TICIPATE1 ALBEIT ) NO DECISION-MAK+ P[]4 ,BUT ,N,G,OS HAVE !IR [N CRISIS ( LEGITIMACY TOO -- :OM DO !Y REPRES5T8 ,MASS MEMB]%IP ORGANIZATIONS 7,GRE5PEACE1 ,AMNE/Y ,9T]NATIONAL7 HAVE AN ANSW] TO ?IS *ALL5GE1 BUT O!RS DO NOT OR !Y REPRES5T POSITIONS :I* >E NOT DISCUSS$ ) !IR MEMB]%IPS3 !Y >E F> FROM DEMOCRATIC4 ,9 ANY CASE1 NO GOV]NM5T WILL EV] BE WILL+ TO GIVE ,N,G,OS1 H[EV] DEMOCRATIC1 EQUAL 9FLU5CE ON POLICY-MAK+4 

,(T5 !SE ,N,G,OS HAVE EVOLV$ & EXPRESS !MSELVES AS S+LE-ISSUE CAMPAIGNS -- TO BAN L&M9ES1 OR TO 5D POV]TY4 ,NO ONE CAN D5Y ! IMPORTANCE ( !SE CAUSES4 ,BUT !Y CANNOT ADMIT ! COMPLEXITY & 9T]L9KAGE ( CONTEMPOR>Y PROBLEMS4 ,! ,LIVE #h CAMPAIGN WAS A COMPELL+ EXAMPLE ( A WIDELY-%>$ CONC]N EXPRESS$ AS AN ALL-TOO-SIMPLE SOLUTION4 ,! MULTIPLE DIM5SIONS ( ANY S]I\S POLICY *ALL5GE1 FROM 5D+ POV]TY TO TACKL+ T]RORISM1 L5D !MSELVES POORLY TO A N>R[LY-BAS$ CAMPAIGN4 ,S5D+ A TEXT MESSAGE 0TO ! ,G#h0 DOES NOT AM\NT TO REAL POLITICAL 5GAGEM5T4 

,WE ALSO MU/ CONFRONT ,ISAIAH ,B]L9'S ASSUMPTION1 :I* IS ALL ! MORE TRUE 9 A DIV]SE & COMPLEX WORLD1 ?AT NO PRIORITY CAN ALWAYS BE ABSOLUTE4 ,POLITICS IS A BUS9ESS ( TRADE(FS & COMPROMISE1 :]E HUMAN NE$S & DESIRES MU/ SOMETIMES YIELD TO ONE ANO!R4 ,?IS IS ! ESS5CE ( GOOD POLITICS -- ! DISCUSSION1 ! *OOS+1 ! DECISIONS -- TE/$ AGA9/ DEMOCRATIC SCRUT9Y4 ,9 %ORT1 WE NE$ A GLOBAL POLITICS4 

,GLOBAL MOVEM5TS ADDRESS S+LE ISSUES4 ,ONLY GLOBAL POLITICAL P>TIES CAN BEG9 TO DEAL ) ! COMPLEX4 ,ONLY P>TIES1 ELECT$ 9 SOME WAY1 CAN CLAIM ! FULLE/ LEGITIMACY TO SPEAK = PEOPLE1 A PROBLEM ,N,G,OS WILL ALWAYS BE *ALL5G$ BY4 ,GLOBAL POLITICAL P>TIES MAY SEEM HOPELESSLY UTOPIAN1 BUT ! IDEA IS UNAVOIDABLY LOGICAL4 ,ONLY P>TIES CAN LEGITIMATELY CLAIM TO REPRES5T ?OSE :O *OOSE !M1 OR PAY !IR MEMB]%IP DUES4 ,ONLY A GLOBAL POLITICS CAN LIFT US ABOVE ! Z]O-SUM GAMES ( GOV]NM5TS %ORT-SI<T$LY >BITRAT+ !IR 09T]E/S0 9 9T]NATIONAL =UMS4 

,?IS IS NOT TO ADVOCATE ! IMM$IATE E/ABLI%M5T ( A WORLD P>LIAM5T4 ,9/ITUTIONS CANNOT SIMPLY BE 9V5T$ TO SOLVE A PROBLEM4 ,!Y HAVE TO EVOLVE1 & BECOME ACCEPT$ AS LEGITIMATE4 ,! ,EUROPEAN ,P>LIAM5T HAS SUFF]$ FROM ?IS V]Y PROBLEM S9CE ITS 9CEPTION3 F\ND$ AS ! ELITE'S ANSW] TO ! PROBLEM ( ! 0DEMOCRATIC DEFICIT0 ( ! ,EUROPEAN ,COMMUNITY 7AS IT WAS !N KN[N71 IT HAS /RUGGL$ = POPUL> ACCEPTANCE1 NOT HELP$ BY ! GROSS EXTRAVAGANCE ( ITS PROC$URES & MEMB]S4 ,9/ITUTIONS %\LD BE WANT$1 NOT DESIGN$4 

,A />T MI<T BE MADE ) ! EVOLUTION ( CAMPAIGNS 9TO P>TIES4 ,& AS !Y EVOLVE1 A *AMB] MI<T BE E/ABLI%$ TO SIT ALONGSIDE ! ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY ( ! ,U,N3.<#g#d.> NOT 7YET7 A P>LIAM5T1 BUT AN ELECT$ BODY ( 9DIVIDUALS1 :I* W\LD (F] ADVISORY RESOLUTIONS ON TOPICS UND] DISCUSSION AT ! ,C\NCIL & ,G,A4 ,IT W\LD NOT HAVE P[] TO DECIDE 7?IS W\LD BE TOO MU* TO ASK73 AS ! ,EUROPEAN ,P>LIAM5T HAS %[N1 Y\ DO NOT CREATE LEGITIMATE OR POPUL> 9/ITUTIONS BY SIMPLY GIV+ !M P[]S2 RA!R1 !Y MU/ DEVELOP & BECOME ACCEPT$ AS LEGITIMATE FIR/4 ,ELECTIONS TO ?IS BODY MU/ BE DEMOCRATIC -- ?US 5C\RAG+ DEMOCRACY >\ND ! WORLD -- & PROPORTIONAL TO POPULATION 9 ORD] TO AVOID ! IMBALANCE ( ! ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY1 :]E SMALL C\NTRIES \TNUMB] ! VOTES ( ! L>GE1 ?\< !Y >E TOGE!R MU* SMALL] 9 POPULATION4 

,TO AVOID ! GROTESQUE CO/S 7& RESULT+ UNPOPUL>ITY7 ( ! ,EUROPEAN ,P>LIAM5T1 ! NEW BODY MI<T MEET MO/LY ON-L9E1 BY VIDEO-CONF]5CE1 ) ONLY OCCASIONAL =MAL MEET+S 9 ROTAT+ CITIES1 !REBY ALSO AVOID+ ! CREATION ( A NEW CADRE ( P>ASITICAL EXPATRIATES LOCAT$ 9 SOME EXP5SIVE 9T]NATIONAL CAPITAL4 ,?IS *AMB] MI<T HAVE A LIMIT$ LIFE1 T5 YE>S P]HAPS1 TO SEE :E!R IT CAN BECOME A RESPECT$ & 9FLU5TIAL =UM = 9T]NATIONAL DISCUSSION4 ,IF IT PASSES ! TE/1 A FUR!R 9T]NATIONAL CONF]5CE MI<T GRANT IT 9ITIAL & LIMIT$ P[]S 7P]HAPS />T+ ) CO-DECISION ON ! ,U,N BUDGET71 :I* MI<T ACCRETE AS TIME GOES ON 7IT %\LD BE A LONG PROCESS74 ,A MASSIVE LEAP ( ! IMAG9ATION1 = SURE1 BUT A DOSE ( IDEALISM IS P]HAPS :AT WE NE$ RI<T N[4 

,?IS BOOK HAS CRITICIZ$ ! UNW>RANT$ & UNSCRUT9IZ$ P[] ( UNELECT$ (FICIALS :O DEAL -- (T5 BADLY -- ) EV] MORE ( \R COLLECTIVE BUS9ESS4 ,! ONLY LONG-T]M ANSW] IS = ELECT$ REPRES5TATIVES TO TAKE !IR PLACE4 ,IT IS ODD ?AT ?IS IDEA %\LD SEEM TODAY SO F>-FET*$1 :5 \R %>$ PROBLEMS SO URG5TLY DEM& WISE COLLECTIVE DECISIONS BY ACTORS WE REG>D & ACCEPT AS LEGITIMATE4 ,! ALT]NATIVE IS MORE BAD DECISION-MAK+1 9/ITUTIONS ?AT WILL CONT9UALLY /RUGGLE = AU?ORITY & EFFECT1 &1 9 P>ALLEL1 MANY PEOPLE :OSE PROBLEMS >E NOT ADDRESS$1 :O FEEL DIS5FRAN*IZ$1 & ?US DISPOS$ TO VIOL5CE TO AIR !IR GRIEVANCES4 ,FRAM$ ?IS WAY1 ! DIRECTION WE %\LD TRAVEL IS OBVI\S4 

,AS ,I 5D ?IS BOOK1 ,I F9D MYSELF AGA9 (F]+ GR&IOSE SOLUTIONS TO O!R PEOPLE'S PROBLEMS1 MU* AS ,I DID AS A DIPLOMAT4 ,P]HAPS ,I %\LD SAY SIMPLY ?IS4 ,I F\ND ?AT TRADITIONAL DIPLOMACY -- ! WAY ! WORLD'S BUS9ESS IS DONE -- AS ,I PRACTIC$ IT 9 ! ,BRITI% =EIGN S]VICE1 LEFT ME1 9 ! OLD S5SE ( ! WORD1 0DEMORALIZ$0 -- B]EFT ( MY [N PR9CIPLES & S5SE ( MEAN+4 ,! SY/EM ,I HELP$ TO MANAGE & DEF5D SEEM$ TO ME \T ( KILT] ) ! WORLD'S REALITY1 & :AT WAS MO/ IMPORTANT TO ME4 ,9 WORK+ = O!R C\NTRIES & PEOPLES1 & GETT+ TO KN[ !IR NE$S FIR/ RA!R ?AN IMPOS+ 0\R0 *OS5 SOLUTIONS 79V>IABLY )\T CONSULT+ !M71 ,I HAVE F\ND MORE MEAN+ & VALUE ?AN ! EXPOSITION ( 0\R0 DESIRES1 :I* W]E 9 PRACTICE (T5 9V5T$1 EV] DID4 ,I CAN'T (F] IT AS AN EXAMPLE = EV]YONE3 ,I W\LDN'T ASSUME TO KN[ :AT !Y >E LIKE4 ,BUT IT WORK$ = ME4 

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