,! ,9=MATION ,REVOLUTION & ! ,CLASS ,/RUGGLE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 

,TEXT 3 

,! ',9=MATION ,REVOLUTION' ( COMPUT]IZATION & M9IATURIZATION DUR+ ! PA/ TW5TY YE>S HAS CREAT$ AN ',9=MATION ,SOCIETY'- OR SO IT IS SAID4 ,H[ REAL HAS ?IS 'REVOLUTION' BE58 ,HAS IT FUNDAM5TALLY ALT]$ RELATIONS BETWE5 ! RUL+ CLASS & ! WORK+-CLASS8 

,! PH5OM5ON CAN BE SE5 FROM TWO MA9 ANGLES4 ,ONE CONC]NS ! TE*NOLOGICAL DEVELOPM5T ( ! MICRO*IP4 ,! MICRO*IP NOT ONLY (F]$ 5\< MEMORY & PROCESS+ P[] TO MAKE ! HOME COMPUT] POSSIBLE1 IT HAS COME TO P]VADE ALL K9DS ( DEVICES LIKE WA%+ MA*9ES & CAM]AS4 ,SIMIL>LY1 IT HAS UND]P9N$ A MASSIVE & CONT9U+ WAVE ( AUTOMATION 9 ! WORKPLACE4 ,9=MATION 9 ?IS CONTEXT IS ! /REAM ( DATA REQUIR$ BY A MA*9E TO P]=M ) ! M9IMUM ( HUMAN 9T]V5TION2 ! REVOLUTION IS ?IS DRIVE TO R$UCE ! HUMAN 9PUT4 

,BO? 9 ! HOME & ! WORKPLACE NEW TE*NOLOGY HAS BE5 PORTRAY$ AS LABOR-SAV+1 FREE+ A P]SON = MORE 9T]E/+ TASKS4 ,BUT :]EAS COMPANIES SEEK TO FILL ! EXTRA LEISURE TIME WE N[ ALLEG$LY HAVE ) 9CREAS$ CONSUMPTION ( ,C,DS1 COMPUT] GAMES1 ETC41 ! LABOR SAV$ AT WORK IS 9 A ECONOMIC S5SE4 ,?R\< ,9=MATION ,TE*NOLOGY 7,I,T71 FIRMS CAN 'D[NSIZE' I4E4 SACK OR RETIRE EMPLOYES & 9CREASE PR(ITS BY EXTRACT+ ! SAME OR MORE WORK FROM FEW] /AFF4 ,! PROCESS ( CREAT+ ! 9=MATION ECONOMY1 ON :I* ! 9=MATION SOCIETY RE/S1 HAS BE5 SE5 9 SECTORS AS DIV]SE AS PR9T+ 7! CORE ( ! #a#i#h#f-#h#g ,NEWS ,9T]NATIONAL DISPUTE71 C>-MANUFACTUR+1 :]E ROBOTS >E 9CREAS+LY EMPLOY$ & BANK+4 

,! O!R ASPECT ( ! 'REVOLUTION' CONC]NS 9=MATION ITSELF4 ',9=MATION' MAY BE SE5 AS FACTS OR KN[L$GE1 SU* AS %>E PRICES 9 =EIGN M>KETS1 BUT IT MAY EQUALLY BE 5T]TA9M5T4 ,?IS IS BECAUSE ! MEANS >E 9CREAS+LY BE+ F\ND TO DIGITIZE DATA1 & DATA CAN BE TEXT1 S\NDS1 IMAGES OR ANY COMB9ATION4 ,H]E ! REVOLUTION PRIM>ILY CONC]NS ! MEANS ( DELIV]Y & ACCESS1 RA!R ?AN ! CONT5T ITSELF1 :I* HAS (T5 EXI/$ 9 A PRIOR =M1 ?US BOOKS PREC$$ ,C,D-,R,O,MS4 ,! DIFF]5CE ) !SE LAT] DEVELOPM5TS IS USUALLY ONE ( FLEXIBILITY OR 9T]ACTIVITY GIV5 TO ! US]1 E4G4 BE+ ABLE TO SE>* A ,C,D-,R,O,M BY ANY WORD ! US] WI%ES RA!R ?AN A BOOK'S FIX$ 9DEX4 ,9 ANO!R >EA1 SATELLITE ,T,V1 L9K$ ) DIGITAL TE*NIQUES1 IS OP5+ UP ! PROSPECT 9 ,BRITA9 ( OV] TWO HUNDR$ *ANNELS4 

,) ! RESULTANT SMOKESCRE5 AB\T *OICE1 9T]ACTIVITY & 'VIDEO ON DEM&'1 IMPORTANT ISSUES >E BE+ OBSCUR$4 ,YET1 IF ANY?+1 P[]1 WEAL?1 CULTURAL1 POLITICAL 9FLU5CE1 & MATT]S ( CLASS1 >E MAGNIFI$ BY ! ',9=MATION ,REVOLUTION'4 ,= :O IS PROVID+ !SE *OICES8 ,:AT >E !Y8 

,ULTIMATE ,AG5DA 

  

,! TRAIL ALMO/ 9V>IABLY LEADS BACK TO A SMALL CLUT* ( M$IA MAGNATES SU* AS ,RUP]T ,MURDO*1 ,SILIVIO ,B]LUSCONI1 ,DISNEY & ,TIME-,W>N]4 ,!SE HAVE DIV]SIFI$ AMONG ! FIELDS ( PUBLI%+1 FILMS1 RADIO1 ,T,V1 ,C,D-,R,O,MS & ON-L9E DATABASES4 ,:AT !IR FILM & ,T,V >MS PROVIDE IS A *OICE FROM ! LEA/ *ALL5G+ 5D ( ! SPECTRUM3 ACTION FILMS1 LI<T COM$IES1 SPORT4 ,:]E POLITICAL OP9IONS >E EXPRESS$1 AS 9 !IR NEWSPAP]S1 !SE T5D TO BE ( ! MO/ OR?ODOX PRO-CAPITALI/ PROMOT+ !IR [N ULTIMATE AG5DA3 ! 9CREASE ( PR(ITS & M>KET %>E4 ,HAV+ BUILT UP VA/ M>KETS !Y ?US HAVE MAXIMUM 9FLU5CE ) ! DI/RIBUTORS ( SU* PRODUCTS1 :O >E ALSO FEW 9 NUMB]4 ,! QUANTITY ( PRODUC]S MAY BE VA/1 BUT !IR UND]LY+ IDEAS & VALUES >E FEW4 ,?IS M$IA 5VIRONM5T 9CREAS+LY SATURATES ! WORLD4 

,ALL ( ?IS HAS IMPORTANT PSY*OLOGICAL CONSEQU5CES = ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 AS MANY PEOPLE >E LEFT UNAW>E ( ! POT5TIAL ALT]NATIVE TO 'BUS9ESS AS USUAL'4 ,IF RADICALS' VIEWS & ACTIONS >E EV] REPORT$1 IT WILL USUALLY BE EI!R TO DEMONIZE OR MOCK4 ,?IS 9 ITSELF PROMOTES RESIGNATION RA!R ?AN RESI/ANCE AMONG ?OSE :O MI<T BE FEEL+ !IR WAY T[>DS SU* POSITIONS4 ,?IS IS NOT TO SAY ?AT PEOPLE DO NOT FI<T BACK AGA9/ !IR OPPRESSION ANYWAY1 BUT IT IS H>DLY CO9CID5TAL ?AT /RUGGLES >E SO (T5 EI!R ISOLAT$ OR *ANNEL$ 9TO ! PA?WAYS ( UNION & POLITICAL P>TY ACTION4 ,! 9=MATION ?AT W\LD HELP AVOID !SE TRAPS1 BAS$ ON H>D-E>N$ EXP]I5CES1 IS NOT WIDELY & EASILY AVAILABLE4 ,E/ABLI%M5T VIEWS1 9CLUD+ :AT PASSES = OPPOSITION1 >E4 ,YET IT IS GREAT] ACCESS TO 9=MATION :I* IS SAID TO BE ! ESS5CE ( ?IS REVOLUTION4 ,9 REALITY1 ?\< !RE IS MORE 9=MATION AB\T ?AN EV] BE=E1 :E!R BUS9ESS /ATI/ICS1 NEWS1 $UCATION OR 5T]TA9M5T1 MU* ( IT IS MORE ( :AT WE >E ACCU/OM$ TO EXPECT 9 A WID] RANGE ( M$IA4 

,! POSSIBLE EXCEPTION TO ?IS PICTURE IS ! ,9T]NET4 ,! CONNECTION EFFECT$ BETWE5 ?\S&S ( P]SONAL & 9/ITUTIONAL COMPUT]S HAS PRODUC$ SOME?+ SIGNIFICANTLY DIFF]5T TO ! M$IA DISCUSS$ ABOVE1 BO? 9 T]MS ( ! DEGREE ( 9DIVIDUAL 9VOLVEM5T & ! CONT5T ( ! COMMUNICATIONS4 ,MANY RADICAL & REVOLUTION>Y PUBLI%]S & ORGANIZATIONS HAVE ,WORLD ,WIDE ,WEB SITES4 ,P>TICUL>LY 9 ! CASE ( CAMPAIGN+ GR\PS E4G4 PRISON] SUPPORT1 NEWS CAN BE SPREAD QUICKLY TO PRODUCE A PROMPT RESPONSE4 

,9 ADDITION1 MU* 9=MATION IS 9T5TIONALLY PLAC$ ON ! ,9T]NET TO BE READ OR D[NLOAD$ )\T *>GE OR AS %>EW>E4 ,!RE IS AN IMPLICIT *ALL5GE TO CAPITALI/ NOTIONS ( EX*ANGE & [N]%IP4 ,! FI]C5ESS ) :I* ! ,U,S HAS PURSU$ ! ISSUE ( /RICTLY 5=C$ 9TELLECTUAL PROP]TY RI<TS I4E4 COPYRI<T & PAT5TS1 = EXAMPLE 9 ! LA/ ,G,A,T,T NEGOTIATIONS1 ILLU/RATES ! RIS+ PR(ILE ( ?IS ISSUE & ! ANXIETY FELT BY ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,CAPITAL IS 9CREAS+LY SE5 AS LOCK$ 9TO 9=MATION-BAS$ PRODUCTS4 ,?IS IS NOT JU/ FACTS & FIGURES OR MUSIC BUT ALSO APPLIES TO ?+S LIKE ! MAKE-UP ( G5ETICALLY-5G9E]$ FOOD4 ,= IF 9=MATION SU* AS A PAT5T CAN SIMPLY BE COPI$ TO A DISK 9 A FEW M9UTES1 :AT PRICE [N]%IP ( KN[L$GE8 

,AM]ICAN ,VIEWS 

  

,H[EV]1 !RE >E PROBLEMS ) ! ,9T]NET1 %[+ ?AT IT IS NOT ! TOTALLY NEW COMMUNITY ( :I* SOME DREAM4 ,!RE IS ! EXP5SE ( GETT+1 & /AY+1 ON-L9E4 ,?\< ! CO/S ( ! H>DW>E >E COM+ D[N1 MO/ PEOPLE /ILL DO NOT POSSESS IT4 ,?IS EQUIPM5T1 & ! TELEPHONE SY/EMS SUPPORT+ IT1 >E EV5 MORE LACK+ 9 POOR] P>TS ( ! WORLD4 ,P>ALLEL TO ?IS IS ! FACT ?AT MU* MAT]IAL ON ! ,NET /EMS FROM ! ,WE/1 ESPECIALLY ,AM]ICA1 &1 AS BUS9ESS 9T]E/ GR[S1 IT IS FUR!R SKEW$ T[>DS BECOM+ A M>KETPLACE ( MA9LY ,AM]ICAN VIEWS & PRODUCTS4 ,HAV+ BEGUN FROM A GOV]NM5T-FUND$ & ACADEMIC BASE1 GR[+ COMM]CIAL 9VOLVEM5T ?REAT5S TO MAKE MORE & MORE 9=MATION ONLY ACCESSIBLE VIA A 'PAY AS Y\ GO' R\TE4 ,MANY !ORI/S N[ SPEAK ( ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! 9=MATION RI* & ! 9=MATION POOR4 ,AS ) ! COMPANIES ADVANC+ 9TO ! NEW M$IA1 ?IS REPRODUCES CLASS DI/9CTIONS ?AT ALREADY EXI/ 9 WEAL?1 $UCATION ETC4 

,GOV]NM5TS & POLICE =CES HAVE = SOME TIME BE5 SEEK+ TO MONITOR ! ,9T]NET'S CONT5T & TRANSACTIONS MORE CLOSELY4 ,9 ,AM]ICA ?IS BR\<T AB\T ! #aiif ,9T]NET ,DEC5CY ,ACT & SEV]AL ATTEMPTS AT ! ',CLIPP] ,*IP'1 A 'KEY' :I* W\LD GIVE AG5CIES LIKE ! ,F,B,I ACCESS TO COD$ DATA TRANSMISSIONS4 ,A /RANGE COALITION ( CIVIL LIB]T>IANS & BUS9ESSM5 :O = V]Y DIFF]5T REASONS UNIT$ ON ! ISSUE ( PRIVACY1 HAS SO F> SCUPP]$ ! ,CLIPP]4 ,SIMIL>LY 9 ,BRITA91 ! #aiid ,CRIM9AL ,JU/ICE ,ACT DEF9ES ! TRANSMISSION ( ELECTRONIC DATA AS PUBLICATION1 MAK+ IT LIABLE TO LAWS ON OBSC5ITY & (FICIAL SECRETS4 ,!RE HAVE ALSO BE5 MOVES TO MAKE ,9T]NET ,S]VICE ,PROVID]S 7! FIRMS ?AT CONNECT US]S7 LEGALLY RESPONSIBLE = ALL ! MAT]IAL !Y CONVEY4 ,!SE MEASURES HAVE PRODUC$ /RONG OPPOSITION4 ,BUT ! PO9T H]E IS ?AT ! AU?ORITIES >E DET]M9$ TO TAKE CYB]SPACE 9TO !IR JURISDICTION4 

,F9ALLY !RE IS ! QUE/ION ( CLASS )9 ! COMPUT+ WORLD4 ,! PREVI\SLY NOT$ CO/ ( [N]%IP IS WORS5$ BY ! REF9EM5TS & NEW PROGRAMS ?AT >E CONT9UALLY BE+ 9TRODUC$4 ,?IS RELIANCE ON BUILT-9 OBSOLESC5CE IS BUT ONE EXAMPLE ( TRADITIONAL CAPITALI/ ?9K+3 WA/EFUL ( RES\RCES BUT IT BOO/S UP ?OSE PR(ITS4 ,BILL ,GATES1 F\ND] ( ! S(TW>E COMPANY ,MICROS(T1 HAS1 9 TW5TY YE>S1 BECOME ONE ( ! RI*E/ PEOPLE ON ! PLANET4 ,9 ,JANU>Y #aiig HE [N$ #ada MILLION %>ES VALU$ AT @s#h#c4#c#g EA*1 FROM :I* 9 #aiif HE WAS ?US 'E>N+' @s#c MILLION DAILY4 ,= ALL ! RHETORICAL PRAISE ( FREE COMPETITION ?AT ! COMPUT] 9DU/RY %>ES ) ! RE/ ( CAPITALISM1 ,GATES' =TUNE FL[S FROM ,MICROS(T HAV+ 5G9E]$ DEALS SO AS TO MAKE ITS S(TW>E ! /&>D = ! WORLD'S P]SONAL COMPUT]S3 9 O!R WORDS1 ?R\< A QUE/ = MONOPOLY4 

',REVOLUTION' 

  

,COMPANIES LIKE ,MICROS(T & ,APPLE MAKE MU* ( !IR RELAX$ WORK+ APPROA*1 9 CONTRA/ TO ! /RAI<T-LAC$ CORPORATE M5 ( ,I,B,M BE=E !M4 ,H[EV]1 HI]>*Y /ILL P]SI/S1 FROM ! 5TREPR5EURIAL F\ND]S1 ?R\< ! PROGRAMM]S & 5G9E]S & D[N TO ! ASSEMBL]S ( SILICON *IPS4 ,CALI=NIA'S ,SILICON ,VALLEY WORK]S SUFF] MORE OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS ?AN 9 G5]AL MANUFACTUR+4 ,& CLE>LY1 ,BILL ,GATES'S SAL>Y & ?OSE ( HIS PE]S IS VA/LY MORE ?AN ?AT ( ! WORK]S UPON :OM !IR =TUNES >E BUILT4 ,BUT ?\< ISSUES FROM :I* /RUGGLES MI<T COME >E PRES5T1 WORK]S 9 ! COMPUT] 9DU/RY1 & 9DE$ ALL JOBS ?AT 9VOLVE ,I,T1 >E P]HAPS EXTRA VULN]ABLE TO MANAGEM5T'S DEM&S4 ,?IS IS BECAUSE ( ! EASE ) :I* !IR WORK CAN BE MONITOR$ E4G4 NUMB] ( KEY-/ROKES P] H\R1 & SWIT*$ TO ANO!R P>T ( ! C\NTRY OR ! WORLD :]E L[] WAGES >E PAID TO EQUALLY SKILL$ WORK]S4 

,IT W\LD BE RIDICUL\S TO CLAIM ?AT !RE HAVE NOT BE5 MANY *ANGES 9 ! PA/ TW5TY YE>S 9 ! WAYS 9 :I* WE P]CEIVE & RECEIVE 9=MATION4 ,IT COMES MORE QUICKLY1 9 MORE =MS1 TO MORE PEOPLE ?AN EV] BE=E4 ,BUT ITS PRODUCTION1 DI/RIBUTION & CONSUMPTION HAVE BE5 BAS$ ON ALREADY EXI/+ HI]>*IES4 ,IT IS A 'REVOLUTION' ONLY 9 A LOOSE CAPITALI/ S5SE4 

,! COMPANIES :I* MADE =TUNES FROM TELECOMMUNICATIONS & PUBLI%+ 9 ! PA/ HAVE BE5 ABLE TO USE !SE RES\RCES TO EXP& 9TO ! NEW] M$IA FIELDS & SECURE SUB/ANTIAL /AKES E4G4 ,BRITI% ,TELECOM'S ,NOVEMB] #aiif A*IEVEM5T ( A /AKE 9 ,NEWS ,CORPORATION1 :I* ULTIMATELY WILL SURELY SEE ,MURDO*'S PROGRAMS BE+ PIP$ D[N ,B,T'S CABLES4 

,NONE!LESS1 JU/ AS MANY SMALL ALT]NATIVE PUBLI%]S HAVE OBTA9$ AN AUDI5CE 9 ! PA/1 DEVICES SU* AS CAMCORD]S & COMPUT]S L9K$ VIA ! ,9T]NET >E ALL[+ A BROAD] & FA/] DI/RIBUTION ( DISS5T+ VIEWS4 ,IT IS ONLY TO BE EXPECT$ ?AT ?OSE 9 AU?ORITY WILL RESPOND BY TRY+ TO LIMIT !SE NEW =MS ( EXPRESSION4 ,9 ! CONTE/ ( OPPOS+ VIEWS ( H[ ! WORLD IS & C\LD BE1 :AT PEOPLE EXP]I5CE & H[ IT IS CONFIRM$ OR D5I$ BY ! M$IA IS CRUCIAL4 ,IT IS ! CLASS /RUGGLE )9 PEOPLE'S M9DS1 ! PLACE :]E IT BEG9S4 ,IT CAN ONLY 5D ) ! A*IEVEM5T ( A REAL SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,REF]5CES 

  

,AT ! RISK ( ADD+ TO 9=MATION OV]LOAD1 READ]S MAY BE 9T]E/$ 9 SOME ( ! ITEMS :I* W]E HELPFUL 9 ! PREP>ATION ( ?IS >TICLE4  
  

,=E/]1 ,TOM1 ,HI<-,TE* ,SOCIETY ,BASIL ,BLACKWELL #aihg 

,9T]TEK3 ,SPECIAL ,ISSUE ON ,ECONOMIC1 ,SOCIAL & ,TE*NICAL ,ASPECTS ( ,9=MATION ,VOLUME #c4#d #aiic 

,NAU<TON1 ,JOHN1 ',& ! ,GEEK ,%ALL ,9H]IT ! ,E>?3 ,PR(ILE ( ,BILL ,GATES' 9 ,! ,OBS]V] ,REVIEW1 #a#b? ,JANU>Y1 #aiig 

,! ,RAV53 ,COMMUNICATION 7#b7 ,VOLUME #h4#d ,W9T] #aiie 

,ROSAK1 ,!ODORE1 ,! ,CULT ( ,9=MATION ,PALAD9 #aihf 

,WATSON1 ,DON1 ',CLEAN+ ,UP ! ,GLOBAL ,METROPOLIS' 9 ,LIBR>Y ,ASSOCIATION ,RECORD ,VOLUME #i#h4#a#a1 ,OCTOB] #aiif 

,WATSON1 ,DON1 ',H[ ,TI<T IS ! ,SAFETY ,NET8' 9 ,LIBR>Y ,ASSOCIATION ,RECORD ,VOLUME #i#h4#a#a1 ,NOVEMB] #aiif 

,WEHL+1 ,JASON1 ',NETW>S & ,ACTIVI/S' ,P[] ON ! ,9T]NET' 9 ,SCOTTI% ,AN>*I/ ,NO4 #b1 #aiie  

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON ,MAY #a#c1 #bac FROM WEB4>*IVE4ORG47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,! ,9=MATION ,REVOLUTION & ! ,CLASS ,/RUGGLE -- ,ADD$4 

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