,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #ah 
,LIB]TY & ,AGGRESSION 

#ahigahig 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,B5JAM9 ,R4 ,TUCK] 

,TEXT 3 

,LIB]TY & ,AGGRESSION 

.<,LIB]TY1 ,FEBRU>Y #b1 #a#h#h#i4.> 

,MY DE> ,MR4 ,TUCK]37#a#i 8 #a7  

,LIB]TY HAS DONE ME A GREAT S]VICE 9 C>RY+ ME FROM ! METAPHYSICAL SPECULATIONS 9 :I* ,I WAS =M]LY 9T]E/$ 9TO A VE9 ( PRACTICAL ?\<T :I* IS MORE ?AN A M]E OV]FL[ ( HUMANIT>IANISM2 :I* IS AS CLOSELY LOGICAL & /RICTLY SCI5TIFIC AS ANY O!R PRACTICAL 9VE/IGATION4 ,9 SPITE ( C]TA9 SMALL CRITICISMS :I* IT W\LD BE PETTY TO DWELL UPON1 IT IS ! MO/ ADVANC$ & MO/ 9TELLECTUAL PAP] ?AT ,I HAVE SE54 ,I E/EEM IT MO/ HI<LY47#a#i 8 #b7  

,! P>TICUL> MATT] UPON :I* WE HAVE EX*ANG$ LETT]S--! QUE/ION ( NONRESI/ANCE--IS /ILL 9 MY M9D1 BUT IT IS H>D = ME TO F9D TIME TO WRITE ANY?+ = PUBLICATION4 ,P]HAPS IT IS EV5 PREMATURE47#a#i 8 #c7  

,( C\RSE ,I SEE V]Y CLE>LY ?AT ECONOMICALLY ,AN>*ISM IS COMPLETE )\T 9CLUD+ ANY QUE/ION AS TO =CE OR NO-=CE AT ALL3 BUT ! IMPORTANCE ( PREA*+ ONE OR ! O!R AS A MEANS ( OBTA9+ OR P]PETUAT+ ,AN>*Y HAS NOT DIM9I%$ 9 MY M9D47#a#i 8 #d7  

,PEOPLE 9V>IABLY FEEL1 IF !Y DO NOT ASK3 ,H[ >E Y\ GO+ TO ACCOMPLI% IT8 ,& ,I ?9K ! QUE/ION IS VALID47#a#i 8 #e7  

,9 EV]Y DEF9ITION ( LIB]TY1 OR ( AGGRESSION1 !RE IS A REF]5CE TO A C]TA9 LIMIT BEYOND :I* LIB]TY BECOMES AGGRESSION4 ,H[ ?IS LIMIT IS C]TA9LY DET]M9ABLE ,I HAVE NEV] SE5 ANY ONE ATTEMPT TO %[4 ,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ! HI/ORY ( LIB]TY HAS BE5 A RECORD ( ! CONT9UAL WID5+ ( ?IS LIMIT4 ,ONCE !RE WAS A TIME :5 RELIGI\S HET]ODOXY WAS REG>D$ AS AN AGGRESSION1 NOT VA9LY ,I ?9K Y\ WILL ADMIT :5 Y\ REMEMB] H[ MU* \R ACTIONS >E 9FLU5C$ BY \R PR$ISPOS+ !ORIES4 ,:5 IT WAS COMMONLY ?\<T1 EV5 BY TRANSGRESSORS !MSELVES1 ?AT NO?+ BUT ! ACCEPTANCE ( C]TA9 DOGMAS PREV5T$ ALL M5 FROM BECOM+ TRANSGRESSORS1 IT WAS NOT UNREASONABLE TO RESI/ ! BEG9N+S47#a#i 8 #f7  

,SO N[ :5 MULTITUDES ( GOOD PEOPLE REG>D ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! ,/ATE AS ESS5TIAL TO ! PRES]VATION ( SECURITY1 IT IS NO WOND] ?AT !Y %\LD EASILY BE 9FLAM$ AGA9/ ?OSE :O OP5LY ANTAGONIZE ! ,/ATE4 ,=M]LY TO ?9K HET]ODOXY WAS REG>D$ AS AN AGGRESSION4 ,AFT]W>DS ?\<T WAS FRE$1 BUT SPEE* WAS LIMIT$4 ,TO SPEAK ( ! =BIDD5 ?+ WAS !N AN AGGRESSION1 & /ILL IS TO SOME EXT5T47#a#i 8 #g7  

,:AT IS ! L9E8 ,:]E IS ! LIMIT8 ,?\<T & SPEE* CAN BO? BE ABSOLUTELY FREE4 ,?9K+ OR TALK+ CANNOT REALLY HURT ANYBODY47#a#i 8 #h7  

,BUT :5 WE COME TO ACTIONS1 :]E >E WE TO /OP87#a#i 8 #i7  

,?AT ?IS L9E :I* SEP>ATES LIB]TY FROM AGGRESSION %\LD BE DRAWN SEEMS TO ME ESS5TIAL TO ! WORK+ ( ! ,AN>*I/IC PR9CIPLE 9 ACTUAL PRACTICE4 ,AS AN ILLU/RATION1 Y\ & ,EGOI/ 9 ! LA/ ISSUE ( ,LIB]TY CONSID] EA* ! O!R AN AGGRESSOR 9 A C]TA9 CASE47#a#i 8 #a7  

,IS NOT GOV]NM5T REALLY A BUNGL+ ATTEMPT1 BUT P]HAPS ! BE/ WE C\LD DO UP TO ?IS TIME1 TO SETTLE ! QUE/ION1 R\<LY & >BITR>ILY1 BETWE5 P>TIES :O EA* REG>D$ !MSELVES AS )9 !IR RI<T & ! O!R AS ! AGGRESSOR87#a#i 8 #a#a7  

,SO IT W\LD APPE> TO ME4 ,EV5 ! L& LAWS & O!R LAWS :I* SEEM PRIM>Y >E1 ,I ?9K1 ONLY SECOND>Y4 ,I AM NOT PR(\NDLY V]S$ 9 ! HI/ORY ( LAW1 BUT ,I AM 9CL9$ TO ?9K ?AT /ATUTES & ! G5]ALIZATIONS ( COMMON LAW HAVE SPRUNG FROM ! COLLOCATION ( MANY 9DIVIDUAL DECISIONS1 EA* DECISION BE+ ! BE/ ?AT C\LD BE >RIV$ AT UND] ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( ! TIME47#a#i 8 #a#b7  

,IF ?IS IS AT ALL A FAIR DESCRIPTION ( :AT IS1--?AT IS1 IF LAW IS A R\< ATTEMPT TO DRAW ! L9E BETWE5 LIB]TY & AGGRESSION1 & NOT A CONSCI\S DELIB]ATE FRAUD COMMITT$ BY ! PRIVILEG$ UPON ! OPPRESS$ 7& ,I ?9K ! NOTION ( ! ,/ATE BE+ A CONSPIRACY IS AS EMPTY AS ! P>ALLEL NOTION ( SOME ( \R SECUL>I/ FRI5DS ?AT ! ,*UR* IS A CONSPIRACY ( PRIE/S71--IF ! ,/ATE IS ! RESULT ( ATTEMPTS TO DET]M9E ! LIMIT ( LIB]TY1 NO !ORY ?AT DISP5SES ) ! ,/ATE IS COMPLETE UNLESS IT O!RWISE DEF9ES ?AT LIMIT47#a#i 8 #a#c7  

,! ESS5CE ( AGGRESSION1 ! REASON ?AT IT IS =BIDD51 IS ?AT IT CAUSES PA94 ,PA91 EV5 :5 CAUS$ BY1 OR A CONCOMITANT (1 PROP]LY LIMIT$ LIB]TY1 IS 9 ITSELF A WRONG1--AN ANTAGONI/ ( P]SONAL OR SOCIAL PROGRESS4 ,IF AGGRESSION W]E UNI=MLY PLEASANT1 IT W\LD BE REG>D$ AS COMM5DABLE47#a#i 8 #a#d7  

,SO ?AT IF 9 ! EX]CISE ( MY LIB]TY ,I GIVE PA9 TO ANYBODY1 9 SO F> AS ,I GIVE PA9 ,I AM COMMITT+ AN AGGRESSION4 ,IF ,I BA! NAK$ BE=E ONE :O IS %OCK$ BY SU* EXHIBITION1 D\BTLESS HIS PRUD]Y IS UNJU/IFIABLE2 ?AT1 H[EV]1 DOES NOT ALT] ! FACT ?AT ,I HAVE DELIB]ATELY 9JUR$ HIM1--,I HAVE COMMITT$ AN AGGRESSION47#a#i 8 #a#e7  

,9 TRY+ TO LOGICALLY DEF9E ?IS LIMIT1 ,I HAVE CA/ AB\T 9 V>I\S DIRECTIONS4 ,AT ONE TIME IT SEEM$ ?AT 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY 9CLUD$ A RI<T TO ALL NON-ACTION4 ,?AT IS1 ?AT PEOPLE HAVE A RI<T TO SAY TO ANY ONE3 ,Y\ >E 9JUR+ US BY Y\R PROCE$+S2 Y\ MU/ /OP2 ?AT !Y HAVE NO RI<T TO SAY3 ,IT IS ESS5TIAL TO \R HAPP9ESS ?AT Y\ %\LD DO ?IS OR ?AT47#a#i 8 #a#f7  

,I AM NOT SURE ?AT ?IS IS NOT A CORRECT IDEA1 BUT ! /ATEM5T LACKS PRECISION1 & ,I HAVE NOT SO F> BE5 ABLE TO ATT5UATE IT47#a#i 8 #a#g7  

,! BE/ ?\<T ?AT ,I HAVE YET HAD IS ?AT :AT IS CALL$ NONRESI/ANCE IS ! TRUE GUIDE4 ,A BETT] WORD W\LD BE NON-RETALIATION1 YET EV5 ?AT IS NOT QUITE RI<T47#a#i 8 #a#h7  

,AT ! BOTTOM !RE IS A FEEL+ ?AT NO ONE ATTACKS ANO!R N[ADAYS = FUN4 ,IF A MAN ATTACKS ME1 ,I IMM$IATELY CONCLUDE ?AT ,I HAVE 9JUR$ HIM1 OR ?AT HE ?9KS ?AT ,I HAVE 9JUR$ HIM4 ,IF ,I C\LD P>ALYZE HIM BY A GLANCE OR O!RWISE RESI/ HIM )\T 9JUR+ HIM1 ,I %\LD H>DLY CALL IT RESI/ANCE4 ,USUALLY1 H[EV]1 !RE >E BUT TWO C\RSES OP54 ,ONE A TIMELY APOLOGY3 ! O!R A C\NT] ATTACK4 ,IF ,I ADOPT ! LATT] & DISABLE OR KILL HIM1 ! QUE/ION ( :O FIR/ AGGRESS$ IS UNDET]M9$4 ,I HAVE ASSUM$ AN >I/OCRATIC ATTITUDE ( IMPECCABILITY2 SOCIALITY DOES NOT EXI/47#a#i 8 #a#i7  

,AS = ?OSE :O TAKE PLEASURE 9 AGGRESSION1 IT IS AN EVANESC5T TYPE4 ,!Y >E HOSPITAL SUBJECTS1 REV]SIONS TO AN ANCE/RAL TYPE1 C]TA9LY NOT RESPONSIBLE 9DIVIDUALS47#a#i 8 #b7  

,BRIEFLY1 ! QUE/ION ( :AT CON/ITUTES AGGRESSION CAN BE SETTL$ ONLY BY COMPACT BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS4 ,9 ORD] TO >RIVE AT AN UND]/&+ & =M ! COMPACT1 ! OP9ION ( ! ONE ?AT ?9KS HE IS 5CROA*$ UPON MU/ BE F9AL IF IT CANNOT BE REMOV$ BY >GUM5T1--?AT IS1 BY *ANG+ HIS CONVICTIONS47#a#i 8 #b#a7  

,IF ANY ACTION IS P]SI/$ 9 :I* ANY ONE CONCEIVES TO BE AN AGGRESSION UPON HIM1 IT VIRTUALLY IS AN AGGRESSION2 & ! FRI5D ( LIB]TY IS COMPELL$ TO RECOGNIZE IT AS SU* & TO REC$E1 RA!R ?AN TO 9FLICT 9JURY 9 CONT9U+ HIS C\RSE47#a#i 8 #b#b7  

,I TRU/ ?AT Y\ WILL SEIZE MY IDEA4 ,I DO NOT REG>D ?IS AS F9AL1 BUT ,I ?9K SOME CLE>LY LOGICAL DEM>CATION ESS5TIAL47#a#i 8 #b#c7 

,S9C]ELY Y\RS1 

,JOHN ,BEV]LY ,ROB9SON4 

#fg ,LIB]TY ,/REET1 ,NEW ,YORK1 ,JANU>Y #b#e1 #a#h#h#i4 
  

,:ILE ,I %\LD LIKE TO SEE ! L9E BETWE5 LIB]TY & AGGRESSION DRAWN ) SCI5TIFIC EXACTNESS1 ,I CANNOT ADMIT ?AT SU* RIGOR ( DEF9ITION IS ESS5TIAL TO ! REALIZATION ( ,AN>*ISM4 ,IF1 9 SPITE ( ! LACK ( SU* A DEF9ITION1 ! HI/ORY ( LIB]TY HAS BE51 AS ,MR4 ,ROB9SON TRULY SAYS1 A RECORD ( ! CONT9UAL WID5+ ( ?IS LIMIT1 !RE IS NO REASON+ :Y ?IS WID5+ PROCESS %\LD NOT GO ON UNTIL ,AN>*Y BECOMES A FACT4 ,IT IS P]FECTLY ?9KABLE ?AT1 AFT] ! LA/ 9* ( DEBATABLE GR\ND %ALL HAVE BE5 ADJUDG$ TO ONE SIDE OR ! O!R1 IT MAY /ILL BE F\ND IMPOSSIBLE TO SCI5TIFICALLY =MULATE ! RULE BY :I* ?IS DECISION & ITS PR$ECESSORS W]E >RIV$ AT47#a#i 8 #b#d7  

,! *IEF 9FLU5CE 9 N>R[+ ! /RIP ( DEBATABLE L& IS NOT SO MU* ! 9CREAS+ EXACTNESS ( ! KN[L$GE ( :AT CON/ITUTES AGGRESSION AS ! GR[+ CONCEPTION ?AT AGGRESSION IS AN EVIL TO BE AVOID$ & ?AT LIB]TY IS ! CONDITION ( PROGRESS4 ,! MOM5T ONE AB&ONS ! IDEA ?AT HE WAS BORN TO DISCOV] :AT IS RI<T & 5=CE IT UPON ! RE/ ( ! WORLD1 HE BEG9S TO FEEL AN 9CREAS+ DISPOSITION TO LET O!RS ALONE & TO REFRA9 EV5 FROM RETALIATION OR RESI/ANCE EXCEPT 9 ?OSE EM]G5CIES :I* IMM$IATELY & IMP]ATIVELY REQUIRE IT4 ,?IS REMA9S TRUE EV5 IF AGGRESSION BE DEF9$ 9 ! EXTREMELY BROAD S5SE ( ! 9FLICTION ( PA92 = ! 9DIVIDUAL :O TRACES ! CONNECTION BETWE5 LIB]TY & ! G5]AL WELF>E WILL BE PA9$ BY FEW ?+S SO MU* AS BY ! CONSCI\SNESS ?AT HIS NEI<BORS >E CURTAIL+ !IR LIB]TIES \T ( CONSID]ATION = HIS FEEL+S1 & SU* A MAN WILL NEV] SAY TO HIS NEI<BORS1 ,?IS F> & NO F>!R1 UNTIL !Y COMMIT ACTS ( DIRECT & 9DUBITABLE 9T]F]5CE & TRESPASS4 ,! MAN :O FEELS MORE PA9$ AT SEE+ HIS NEI<BOR BA! NAK$ ?AN HE W\LD AT ! KN[L$GE ?AT HE REFRA9$ FROM DO+ SO 9 SPITE ( HIS PREF]5CE IS 9V>IABLY ! MAN :O BELIEVES 9 AGGRESSION & GOV]NM5T AS ! BASIS ( SOCIETY & HAS NOT LE>N$ ! LESSON ?AT LIB]TY IS ! MO!R ( ORD]47#a#i 8 #b#e7  

,?IS LESSON1 !N1 RA!R ?AN AN EXACT DEF9ITION ( AGGRESSION1 IS ! ESS5TIAL CONDITION ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ,AN>*ISM4 ,LIB]TY HAS /EADILY TAU<T ?IS LESSON1 BUT HAS NEV] PR(ESS$ AN ABILITY TO DEF9E AGGRESSION1 EXCEPT 9 A V]Y G5]AL WAY4 ,WE MU/ TRU/ TO EXP]I5CE & ! CONCLUSIONS !REFROM = ! SETTLEM5T ( ALL D\BTFUL CASES47#a#i 8 #b#f7  

,AS = ,/ATES & ,*UR*ES1 ,I ?9K !RE IS MORE F\NDATION ?AN ,MR4 ,ROB9SON SEES = ! CLAIM ?AT !Y >E CONSPIRACIES4 ,NOT ?AT ,I FAIL TO REALIZE AS FULLY AS HE ?AT !RE >E MANY GOOD M5 9 BO? :OSE 9T5T IS NOT AT ALL TO OPPRESS OR AGGRESS4 ,D\BTLESS !RE >E MANY GOOD & E>NE/ PRIE/S :OSE SOLE AIM IS TO TEA* RELIGI\S TRU? AS !Y SEE IT & ELEVATE HUMAN LIFE1 BUT HAS NOT ,DR4 ,MC,GLYNN CONCLUSIVELY %[N ?AT ! REAL P[] ( CONTROL 9 ! ,*UR* IS ALWAYS 9VE/$ 9 AN UNSCRUPUL\S MA*9E8 ,?AT ! ,/ATE ORIG9AT$ 9 AGGRESSION ,H]B]T ,SP5C] HAS PROV$4 ,IF IT N[ PRET5DS TO EXI/ = PURPOSES ( DEF5SE1 IT IS BECAUSE ! ADVANCE ( SOCIOLOGY HAS MADE SU* A PRET5SE NECESS>Y TO ITS PRES]VATION4 ,MI/AK+ ?IS PRET5SE = REALITY1 MANY GOOD M5 5LI/ 9 ! WORK ( ! ,/ATE4 ,BUT ! FACT REMA9S ?AT ! ,/ATE EXI/ MA9LY TO DO ! WILL ( CAPITAL & SECURE IT ALL ! PRIVILEGES ?AT IT DEM&S1 & ,I CANNOT SEE ?AT ! COMB9ATION ( CAPITALI/S :O EMPLOY LOBBYI/S TO BUY LEGISLATORS DES]VE ANY MILD] TITLE ?AN CONSPIRATORS1 OR ?AT ! T]M CONSPIRACY 9ACCURATELY EXPRESSES ! NATURE ( !IR MA*9E1 ! ,/ATE47#a#i 8 #b#g7 

,FROM 3 FAIR-USE4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahif 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #ah -- ,PUBLICATION4 
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