,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #cf 
,! ,RI<T ( ,[N]%IP 

#ahigahig 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,B5JAM9 ,R4 ,TUCK] 

,TEXT 3 

,! ,RI<T ( ,[N]%IP4 

.<,LIB]TY1 ,AUGU/ #b1 #a#h#i4.> 

,TO ! ,$ITOR ( ,LIB]TY37#c#g 8 #a7  

,WILL Y\ P]MIT ME TO ASK Y\ = ! DEF9ITION1 FROM AN ,AN>*I/IC /&PO9T1 ( ! ,RI<T ( ,[N]%IP8 ,:AT DO Y\ MEAN TO CONVEY :5 Y\ SAY ?AT A C]TA9 ?+ BELONGS TO A C]TA9 P]SON87#c#g 8 #b7  

,BE=E DIRECT+ MY ATT5TION TO ! /UDY ( ! SOCIAL QUE/ION1 ,I HAD A RA!R CONFUS$ NOTION ( ! MEAN+ ( ?IS T]M4 ,[N]%IP APPE>$ TO ME A K9D ( AMALGAMATION ( WEAL? ) ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,?IS CONCEPTION C\LD1 ( C\RSE1 NOT BE SU/A9$ 9 AN ANALYSIS ( ! SOCIAL QUE/ION & ! DI/RIBUTION ( WEAL?4 ,= SOME TIME ,I C\LD NOT OBTA9 A CLE> NOTION AS TO :AT ! T]M1 AS POPUL>LY US$1 REALLY SIGNIFIES1 NOR C\LD ,I F9D A SATISFACTORY DEF9ITION 9 ANY ( ! BOOKS ,I HAD AT COMM&4 ,! WRIT]S ( DICTION>IES CONT5T !MSELVES ) QUOT+ A NUMB] ( SYNONYMS :I* ?R[ NO LI<T ON ! SUBJECT1 & ! WRIT]S ON ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY SEEM NOT TO BO!R !MSELVES AB\T SU* TRIFLES4 ,!Y NE$ NO SOLID F\NDATIONS = !IR !ORIES S9CE !Y BUILD !IR CA/LES 9 ! AIR4 ,IT IS SAID ?AT [N]%IP IS ! EXCLUSIVE RI<T ( POSSESSION1 BUT ?IS EXPLANATION FAILS TO MEET ! 9QUIRY ( HIM :O CAN NO:]E F9D A SATISFACTORY EXPLANATION ( ! IMPORT ( ! T]M RI<T47#c#g 8 #c7  

,IT IS CLE> ?AT A RADICAL DI/9CTION EXI/S BETWE5 POSSESSION & [N]%IP1 ?\< !SE CONCEPTS >E 9 A MEASURE RELAT$ TO EA* O!R4 ,IT SEEMS REASONABLE1 !RE=E1 TO EXPECT TO F9D A CLUE BY EXAM9+ ! DI/9CTION ?AT EXI/S BETWE5 ! POSSESSOR & ! [N] ( A ?+4 ,& ?IS EXAM9ATION IS NOT DIFFICULT4 ,! [N] ( A ?+ :I* = SOME REASON IS 9 ! POSSESSION ( SOME ONE ELSE MAY DEM& ITS RETURN1 &1 IF IT IS NOT RETURN$ WILL+LY1 ! AID O ! LAW CAN BE 9VOK$4 ,?IS LEADS TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT ! RI<T ( [N]%IP IS ?AT RELATION BETWE5 A ?+ & A P]SON CREAT$ BY ! SOCIAL PROMISE TO GU>ANTEE POSSESSION47#c#g 8 #d7  

,?IS IS ! ONLY DEF9ITION ?AT APPE>S SATISFACTORY TO ME4 ,BUT IT IMPLIES ! EXI/5CE ( A SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 H[EV] CRUDE IT MAY BE4 ,IT IMPLIES ?AT A SUPREME P[] WILL 5=CE ! COMM&3 ,?\ %ALT NOT /EAL4 ,& 9 ! MEASURE 9 :I* ?IS SOCIAL ORGANIZATION GA9S /ABILITY & 9 :I* ?IS SOCIAL P[] GA9S A MORE UNIV]SAL SUPREMACY1 ! RI<T ( [N]%IP WILL ASSUME A MORE DEF9ITE EXI/5CE47#c#g 8 #e7  

,N[ ,I CAN P]HAPS REPEAT MY QUE/ION 9 A WAY TO BE BETT] UND]/OOD4 ,HAS ,AN>*ISM A DIFF]5T CONCEPTION ( ! RI<T ( [N]%IP1 OR IS ?IS RI<T ALTOGE!R REPUDIAT$1 OR IS IT ASSUM$ ?AT \T ( ! RU9S ( GOV]NM5T ANO!R SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 WIELD+ A SUPREME P[]1 WILL >ISE8 ,I CAN AT PRES5T SEE NO O!R ALT]NATIVE47#c#g 8 #f7 

,HUGO ,BILGRAM4 
  

,9 DISCUSS+ SU* A QUE/ION AS ?IS1 IT IS NECESS>Y AT ! />T TO PUT ASIDE1 AS ,MR4 ,BILGRAM D\BTLESS DOES PUT ASIDE1 ! 9TUITIVE IDEA ( RI<T1 ! CONCEPTION ( RI<T AS A /&>D :I* WE >E EXPECT$ TO OBS]VE FROM MOTIVES SUPPOS$ TO BE SUP]IOR TO ! CONSID]ATION ( \R 9T]E/S4 ,:5 ,I SPEAK ( ! RI<T ( [N]%IP1 ,I DO NOT USE ! WORD RI<T 9 ?AT S5SE AT ALL4 ,9 ! ?\<T ?AT ,I TAKE TO BE FUNDAM5TAL 9 ,MR4 ,BILGRAM'S >GUM5T--NAMELY1 ?AT !RE IS NO RI<T1 FROM ! /&PO9T ( SOCIETY1 O!R ?AN SOCIAL EXP$I5CY--,I FULLY CONCUR4 ,BUT ,I AM EQUALLY C]TA9 ?AT ! /&>D ( SOCIAL EXP$I5CY--?AT IS TO SAY1 ! FACTS AS TO :AT REALLY IS SOCIALLY EXP$I5T1 & ! G5]ALIZATIONS FROM ?OSE FACTS :I* WE MAY CALL ! LAWS ( SOCIAL EXP$I5CY--EXI/S AP>T FROM ! DECREE ( ANY SOCIAL P[] :ATEV]4 ,9 ACCORDANCE ) ?IS VIEW1 ! ,AN>*I/IC DEF9ITION ( ! RI<T ( [N]%IP1 :ILE CLOSELY RELAT$ TO ,MR4 ,BILGRAM'S1 IS SU* A MODIFICATION ( HIS ?AT IT DOES NOT C>RY ! IMPLICATION :I* HIS C>RIES & :I* HE PO9TS \T4 ,FROM AN ,AN>*I/IC /&PO9T1 ! RI<T ( [N]%IP IS ?AT CONTROL ( A ?+ BY A P]SON :I* WILL RECEIVE EI!R SOCIAL SANCTION1 OR ELSE UNANIM\S 9DIVIDUAL SANCTION1 :5 ! LAWS ( SOCIAL EXP$I5CY %ALL HAVE BE5 F9ALLY DISCOV]$4 7,( C\RSE ,I MI<T GO F>!R & EXPLA9 ?AT ,AN>*ISM CONSID]S ! GREATE/ AM\NT ( LIB]TY COMPATIBLE ) EQUALITY ( LIB]TY ! FUNDAM5TAL LAW ( SOCIAL EXP$I5CY1 & ?AT NE>LY ALL ,AN>*I/S CONSID] LABOR TO BE ! ONLY BASIS ( ! RI<T ( [N]%IP 9 H>MONY ) ?AT LAW2 BUT ?IS IS NOT ESS5TIAL TO ! DEF9ITION1 OR TO ! REFUTATION ( ,MR4 ,BILGRAM'S PO9T AGA9/ ,AN>*ISM477#c#g 8 #g7  

,IT WILL BE SE5 ?AT ! ,AN>*I/IC DEF9ITION JU/ GIV5 DOES NOT IMPLY NECESS>ILY ! EXI/5CE ( AN ORGANIZ$ OR 9/ITUT$ SOCIAL P[] TO 5=CE ! RI<T ( [N]%IP4 ,IT CONTEMPLATES A TIME :5 SOCIAL SANCTION %ALL BE SUP]S$$ BY UNANIM\S 9DIVIDUAL SANCTION1 ?US R5D]+ 5=CEM5T NE$LESS4 ,BUT 9 SU* AN EV5T1 BY ,MR4 ,BILGRAM'S DEF9ITION1 ! RI<T ( [N]%IP W\LD CEASE TO EXI/4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 HE SEEMS TO ?9K ?AT1 IF ALL M5 W]E TO AGREE UPON A PROP]TY /&>D & %\LD VOLUNT>ILY OBS]VE IT1 PROP]TY W\LD !N HAVE NO EXI/5CE SIMPLY BECAUSE ( ! ABS5CE ( ANY 9/ITUTION TO PROTECT IT4 ,N[1 9 ! VIEW ( ! ,AN>*I/S1 PROP]TY W\LD !N EXI/ 9 ITS P]FECTION47#c#g 8 #h7  

,SO ,I W\LD ANSW] ,MR4 ,BILGRAM'S QUE/ION1 AS PUT 9 HIS CONCLUD+ P>AGRAPH1 AS FOLL[S3 ,AN>*ISM DOES NOT REPUDIATE ! RI<T ( [N]%IP1 BUT IT HAS A CONCEPTION !RE( SUFFICI5TLY DIFF]5T FROM ,MR4 ,BILGRAM'S TO 9CLUDE ! POSSIBILITY ( AN 5D ( ?AT SOCIAL ORGANIZATION :I* WILL >ISE1 NOT \T ( ! RU9S ( GOV]NM5T1 BUT \T ( ! TRANS=MATION ( GOV]NM5T 9TO VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATION = DEF5SE47#c#g 8 #i7 

,FROM 3 FAIR-USE4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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