,9TELLIG5TSIA & ! ,NEW ,9TELLECTUALS #aiia ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 ,TAGS 3 WORK+ CLASS & PEASANTRY1 *ANGE ! WORLD1 SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 SPANI% AN>*I/S1 SPANI% REVOLUTION1 WORK+ CLASS1 NATURAL WORLD1 PUBLIC SPH]E1 RUSSELL JACOBY1 CIVIL RID ,COLLEGE 9 ,V]MONT ON ,JULY #b#g1#a#i#i ,! SOCIAL !ORI/ ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 :OSE WORK ON ECOLOGY BEGAN ) AN >TICLE ON ! *EMICAL ADDITIVES 9 FOOD 9 #a#i#e#b1 IS A LONG-/&+ ACTIVI/ 9 ! ECOLOGY MOVEM5T & ! AU?OR ( SEV]AL BOOKS1 9CLUD+ ,! ,ECOLOGY ( ,FRE$OM1 ,REMAK+ ,SOCIETY & ,! ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY4 ,9 MANY WAYS1 ?IS CONFRONTATIONAL & ?\*I/S1 & ,LEFTI/S FACE TODAY1 SU* AS ! POV]TY ( 9TELLECTUAL WORK & /UD5T LIFE 9 CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETY & ! LACK ( AN OPPOSITIONAL MOVEM5T4 ,MOREOV]1 IT IS A CONCISE 9TRODUCTION TO ! POLITICAL PROJECT ( ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY AS A REVOLUTION>Y ATTEMPT TO RE9TEGRATE ! 9TELLECTUAL & POLITICAL WORLD UND] ! WEI*I/ /YLE7 &1 AT ! SAME TIME1 TO PLACE VALUE ON ! IDEAS !MSELVES4 ,WE HOPE ?AT Y\ F9D IT AS 5JOYABLE AS WE HAVE4 ,?IS LECTURE IS ! FIR/ 9 A S]IES ( LETT]S & MONOGRAPHS1 PUBLI%$ BY ,ALT]NATIVE ,=UM1 :OSE PURPOSE IS TO CREATE A REGION1 \TSIDE ! UNIV]SITY1 = ! 9=MAL DISCUSSION ( 9TELLECTUAL & CREATIVE WORK-9-PROGRESS4 -- ,]IC ,JACOBSON & ,M4 ,!RESE ,WAL% .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.- ,I W\LD LIKE TO DEAL ) A NUMB] ( CONC]NS ?AT ,I HAVE4 ,Y\ CAN JUDGE = Y\RSELVES IF !Y CONC]N Y\4 ,I WAS REC5TLY ASK$ BY A CLOSE FRI5D & PUBLI%] TO F9I% A BOOK ,I />T$ MANY YE>S AGO1 CALL$ ,! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S .<,H>P]1 #a#i#g#g.>4 ,IT BEG9S 9 #ahfh & 5DS 9 #aicf AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! SO-CALL$ ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>1 JU/ AS ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION WAS AB\T TO BREAK \T - 9 FACT1 JU/ AS ! WORK]S ( ,B>CELONA & O!RS TAKE UP >MS & TRY TO /OP ,FRANCO'S TROOPS4 ,I WAS ASK$ TO WRITE ADDITIONAL *APT]S SO ?AT !RE W\LD BE ONE BOOK TO BR+ IT 9TO ! ,CIVIL ,W> &1 P]HAPS1 EV5 AS CLOSE TO REC5T TIMES AS POSSIBLE - AL?\< !RE IS VIRTUALLY NO ORGANIZ$ ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ,SPA9 TODAY4 ,OV] ! PA/ WEEK1 :ILE TRY+ TO RECOV] FROM MY LABORS AT ! ,9/ITUTE .<= ,SOCIAL ,ECOLOGY7 - :I* ,I F\ND RA!R EXHAU/+ BECAUSE ,I'M PU%+ SEV5TY N[ - ,I WAS OBLIG$ TO READ A LOT ( MAT]IAL & GET ! NEXT *APT] />T$1 CALL$ 0,! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION40 ,!RE WILL BE ANO!R F\R OR FIVE *APT]S1 & ! BOOK %\LD BE A DEF9ITIVE & FAIRLY POPUL>1 READABLE HI/ORY ( ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*I/S4 ,& IT'S AMAZ+1 NOT ONLY BECAUSE ( ! RECOLLECTION IT PROVOKES1 BUT BECAUSE ( ! 9T5SITY ( ! MAT]IAL ,I HAVE HAD TO DEAL ) :I*1 9 FACT1 KEPT ME FROM COMPLET+ ! BOOK4 ,I HAVE BE5 /RUCK BY ! 9T5SITY ( ?IS P]IOD 9 :I* A PEOPLE1 P]HAPS ! MO/ REVOLUTION>Y WORK+ CLASS & PEASANTRY 9 HI/ORY1 ALMO/ D>+LY1 SELFLESSLY JU/ W5T 9TO ! FACE ( MA*9E GUN FIRE - &1 ,I MEAN1 IF !Y HAD TO ?R[ !IR BODIES ACROSS A MA*9E GUN JU/ TO /OP IT1 !Y W\LD DO IT 9 ORD] TO SIL5CE ! NATIONALI/S OR FASCI/S :O W]E REBELL+ AT ?AT TIME ON ,JULY #a#g1 #a#h1 & #a#i4 ,I RECALL ! P]IOD V]Y VIVIDLY BECAUSE !SE DETAILS W]E COM+ \T 9 ! NEWSPAP]S4 ,PEOPLE W]E ABSOLUTELY A/ONI%$ AT ! REVOLUTION>Y ELAN & D$ICATION ( ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE1 WORK+ CLASS & PEASANTRY4 ,:AT A MAGNIFIC5T MOVEM5T IT WAS1 :AT A H]OIC MOVEM5T IT WAS - :AT A LOSS IT IS NOT TO HAVE IT >\ND TODAY6 ,& :AT'S MORE IMPORTANT1 :AT A LOSS IT IS NOT TO HAVE ANY?+ LIKE IT >\ND TODAY4 ,?IS IS ! FEEL+ ?AT ,I HAVE4 ,Y\ KN[1 ,I FEEL V]Y MU* LIKE A /RANG] 9 A /RANGE WORLD1 & ?AT'S :Y IT IS SO PA9FUL TO GO OV] ?IS MAT]IAL :]E ?IS SEEM$ TO US1 ALMO/ FIFTY ONE YE>S AGO1 TO BE SOME?+ ?AT WE W\LD EXPECT ( \RSELVES & ?AT WE W\LD EXPECT O!R PEOPLE TO DO4 ,MY S5SE ( EXPECTANCY TODAY IS ALMO/ Z]O - ?AT PEOPLE W\LD BE RAIS$ & MOV$ BY HI< IDEALS & UN?9K+LY ?R[ !MSELVES 9TO A FRAY TO *ANGE ! WORLD1 ?AT !Y W\LD BE MOV$ BY PASSIONS ?AT >E ALMO/ ABS5T TODAY4 ,IT WAS A LIV+ HUMAN POEM ( EPIC PROPORTIONS4 ,I HAVE BE5 /EEP$ 9 ?AT = ! PA/ FEW DAYS &1 AS ,I ?\LESSLY ?R[ ONESELF 9 FRONT ( MA*9E GUNS4 ,REMEMB]1 ?AT MOVEM5T HAD BE5 BUILD+ = OV] SEV5TY YE>S :5 ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION BROKE \T4 ,BUT1 ! ?+ ?AT ,I F\ND MO/ *ILL+ IS ?AT = ! FIR/ TIME - WELL1 N[ IT'S BECOM+ REPETITIVE BECAUSE ,I KN[ QUITE A FEW ( Y\ PRIVATELY - ,I C\LD SAY3 ,:]E IS ! ,LEFT8 ,:]E IS ! ,LEFT8 NE$LESS TO SAY1 A LIB]T>IAN ,LEFT2 NE$LESS TO SAY1 A ,LEFT ) IDEALS4 ,:]E IS ! IDEALISM ( ?OSE PASSIONATE YE>S8 ,:]E >E ?OSE F]V5T FEEL+S ?AT EXI/$ 9 ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION :I* WAS ! CULM9ATION ( A P]IOD ( A HUNDR$ YE>S FROM ! ,FR5* REVOLUTION RIT ( ,SPA9 :I* HAD ONCE BE5 AN ,AN>*I/ HE>TL& ( ! ,SPANI% P59SULA4 ,I REMEMB] /AY+ 9 A HOTEL NE> ! ,RAMBLAS 9 ,B>CELONA1 :I* HAD BE5 FILL$ ) HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE DEM&+ >MS ON ,JUNE OR ,JULY #ah & #a#i1 PACK+ ! ,RAMBLAS FROM ! /ATUE ( ,COLUMBUS AT ! V]Y PORT UP TO ! ,PLAZA ,CATALUNIA4 ,I KNEW ?AT ,SPA9 WAS GONE ALREADY BECAUSE ?+S HAD *ANG$4 ,! ,EMBRAZO WAS BEG9N+ TO DISAPPE> - ! EMBRACE4 ,I SAW Y\NG1 MIDDLE-CLASS1 UP-&-COM+ ,YUPPIES1 AS WE W]E LAT] TO CALL !M - #aifg IS A LONG TIME BACK1 EV5 = A WORD LIKE ',YUPPIE'- WALK+ >\ND ) ,AM]ICAN ATTA*E CASES & WOM5 PRETTY+ !MSELVES UP TO BE P]FECT #i-TO-#e SECRET>IES4 ,I KNEW ?AT ,SPA9 WAS GONE BECAUSE ! SOCIAL BASIS1 ! HI/ORICAL TRADITIONS ( ! #a#i#cS1 HAD F9ALLY BE5 WIP$ \T BY ,FRANCO4 ,IT WAS DONE BY %OOT+ A QU>T] ( A MILLION PEOPLE4 ,IT WAS DONE ?R\< ! %OOT+S ?AT CONT9U$ AFT] ,FRANCO TOOK P[]1 TO ! TUNE ( TWO HUNDR$ ?\S& PEOPLE4 ,IT WAS DONE ?R\< ! SO-CALL$ MOD]NIZATION ( ,SPA94 ,& ?AT WAS A T]RIBLE ?+3 ,SPA9 HAD SUDD5LY BECOME REALLY CAPITALI/1 & EV]Y?+ CAPITALI/ BEGAN TO P5ETRATE ALL ASPECTS ( ,SPANI% LIFE1 REA*+ EV5 9TO ! PUEBLOS4 ,BUT /ILL1 ,I KNEW1 & ,I /ILL BELIEVE - &1 ,I ?9K1 MO/ ( US BELIEVE - ?AT ?IS WORLD IS IRRATIONAL4 ,?IS IS NOT ! TRU? ( HUMANITY4 ,?IS IS NOT ! SOCIETY ?AT IS ! FULFILLM5T ( HUMAN POT5TIALITIES4 ,:AT WE HAVE TODAY IS A K9D ( BIZ>RE IRRATIONALITY ?AT1 TO A GREAT] & GREAT] EXT5T1 PEOPLE TAKE = GRANT$ & ASSUME IS NATURAL1 :]EAS1 9 PO9T ( FACT1 EV]Y?+ AB\T IT - ESPECIALLY TO ?OSE ( US :O WE ECOLOGICALLY-M9D$ - IS UNNATURAL4 ,9 EV]Y S5SE ( ! WORD1 IT IS NOT ONLY PITT$ AGA9/ EXT]NAL1 NON-HUMAN NATURE1 IT IS PITT$ AGA9/ HUMAN NATURE4 ,:ATEV] IT IS ?AT IS EXPRESSIVE AB\T ! HUMAN SPIRIT1 :ATEV] IT IS ?AT IS CREATIVE AB\T ! HUMAN SPIRIT1 ?AT IS LOV+1 ?AT IS MORAL1 ?AT IS E?ICAL1 & ?AT ULTIMATELY %\LD YIELD A RI*LY >TICULAT$1 BEAUTIFULLY COMPOS$ SOCIETY IS1 TODAY1 A MON/R\S SAV+S & LOAN PROBLEM4 ,I MEAN1 :AT WE'RE DEAL+ ) TODAY IS NOT EV5 REVOLUTION 9 ! ,EA/2 WE'RE DEAL+ ) RE/ORATION4 ,I WOND] :]E ,RUMANIA WILL GO BACK TO1 :]E ,G]MANY WILL GO BACK TO4 ,& !N !RE IS ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA 9 :I* ! GOV]NM5T IS L$ BY A PLAYWRIRY+ ON !IR OP]ATIONS1 ! FAMILY IS 9 BUS9ESS4 ,IT MAY NOT BE ! ,GODFA!R1 BUT IT'S ,A4 ,A4 - 0,ALL ,AM]ICAN0 & V]Y WELL BR&$ & NEATLY MADE3 CLEFT *9 & /RAID-LOOK+ BUT CLE> EYES - BUT1 NONE!LESS1 DEVA/AT+LY BOR+4 ,SO ONE ASKS ONESELF1 :ILE ! E ROTT+ & :ILE MILLIONS ( PEOPLE >E UND]GO+ A K9D ( SUFF]+ ?AT !Y CAN'T EV5 >TICULATE TO !IR ANALY/S1 :AT IS GO+ TO BE ! BASIS ( ! ,LEFT8 ,IS !RE GO+ TO BE A ,LEFT8 ,OR >E WE F9I%$8 ,HAVE WE LEFT ! ,LEFT BEH9D8 ,:ILE EV]YONE IS BE+ C\NSEL$ TO DEA?1 & ! M$IA IS BOMB>D+ US ) ADS1 GETT+ US TO CONSUME - & !N HI<-M9D$ ECOLOGI/S BLAME US1 SAY+ ?AT WE %\LDN'T CONSUME1 ?AT WE'RE MAK+ TOO MANY BABIES1 IT'S ALL \R FAULT - ! QUE/ION >ISES1 HAS ! ,LEFT BECOME A MEAN+LESS WORD8 ,?AT HAS BE5 ONE ( MY GREATE/ CONC]NS 9 !SE W9TRY YE>S3 H[ >E WE GO+ TO RECON/ITUTE A ,LEFT ?AT IS RELEVANT8 ,IT CAN'T BE LIKE ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/S ANYMORE2 !Y CAN'T BE RECON/ITUT$4 ,IT CAN'T BE ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T ANYMORE2 ! WORK]S !MSELVES DON'T WANT TO BE CALL$ 'WORK]S' ANYMORE1 !Y WANT TO BE CALL$ 'US MIDDLE-CLASS EMPLOYES'4 ,?AT'S ! RHETORIC WE'RE BEG9N+ TO HE>4 ,& N[ IF Y\ GO \T ON /RIKE1 IT IS TO ! ADVANTAGE ( ! COMPANY4 ,?IS IS A NEW DEVELOPM5T - :O C\LD HAVE HI/ORICALLY ANTICIPAT$ ?AT A /RIKE W\LD BE TO ! ADVANTAGE ( A CORPORATION8 ,IT IS ! P]FECT EXCUSE TO SMA% ! UNION OR ELSE MOVE TO ANO!R C\NTRY1 :]E !Y CAN GET #gb C5TS1 AS !Y DO 9 ,MEXICO1 = AUTO WORK]S1 9/EAD ( PAY+ \T #ac OR #ad DOLL>S P] H\R4 ,?IS HAS BE5 A MAJOR !ME 9 A S]IES ( DISCUSSIONS ?AT ,I HAVE TRI$ TO GIVE AT ! ,9/ITUTE4 ,:AT NEW 9T]E/ WILL REPLACE ! SPECIAL 9T]E/ ( ! WORK+ CLASS ?AT ,M>X & O!RS1 9CLUD+ ! AN>*I/S1 ?\E ASSEMBL$ H]E BECAUSE WE HAVE AN 9TUITION1 IF NOT A TOTAL CONSCI\SNESS1 ?AT ?AT G5]AL 9T]E/ HAS TO BE ! CONFLICT ) ! NATURAL WORLD1 ?AT ! REAL HI/ORICAL LIMITS ( CAPITALISM - :ATEV] ,M>X ?\E PAT5TLY EXT]NAL3 ?IS IS :AT CAPITALISM IS COM+ UP AGA9/1 :AT HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY IS COM+ UP AGA9/4 ,ALL ! ?+S WE BLAME1 LIKE TE*NOLOGY & POPULATION1 ALL ! ?+S1 ?AT IS1 ?AT MANY PEOPLE 9 ! 5VIRONM5TAL MOVEM5T BLAME MU/ BE UND]/OOD )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( AN IRRATIONAL SY/EM TODAY ?AT IS ANTI-ECOLOGICAL1 ! MO/ ANTI-ECOLOGICAL ?AT HAS EV] APPE>$ S9CE ! SPECIES EVOLV$4 ,ECOLOGY1 IF IT IS NOT TI$ TO SOCIAL ISSUES1 HAS NO MEAN+4 ,IF IT DOES NOT EXPRESS ! IDEA ?AT ALL \R ECOLOGICAL ISSUES >E SOCIAL PROBLEM & ?AT )\T RESOLV+ !SE SOCIAL PROBLEMS ! MO/ WE CAN HOPE TO DEAL ) SO F> AS ECOLOGICAL ISSUES >E CONC]N$ >E FEEBLE RE=M TE*NIQUES & ACCOMMODATIONS UNTIL1 F9ALLY1 WE MAY LIVE 9 BIO-%ELT]S1 LIT]ALLY1 TO AVOID ! EFFECT ( ! OZONE LAY]'S DEPLETION1 BREA?+ OXYG5 ?AT IS RELATIVELY FREE ( POLLUTANTS & CREAT+ A TOTALLY SYN!TIC 5VIRONM5T4 ,%ORT ( ?AT HORRIFY+ TE*NOCRATIC SOLUTION - :I*1 9 FACT1 HAS ALREADY BE5 SUGGE/$ BY ,BUCKM9/] ,FULL] YE>S AGO ) HIS DOME OV] ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY - %ORT ( ?OSE SOLUTIONS1 ?IS SOCIETY /&S 9 FLAT CONTRADICTION TO ! NATURAL WORLD BECAUSE IT IS SOCIETY ?AT IS ANTI-ECOLOGICAL & NOT BECAUSE1 AS WE >E SO (T5 LEAD TO BELIEVE1 IT JU/ HAS ! WRONG S5SIBILITY4 ,?IS SOCIETY IS TRAPP$ )9 A SY/EM ( GR[?1 ( CONFLICT ) NATURE1 ( TURN+ ! ORGANIC 9TO ! 9ORGANIC4 ,SO ANY ECOLOGY MOVEM5T ?AT IS GO+ TO DEVELOP IS GO+ TO HAVE TO BE A SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 & IT IS GO+ TO HAVE TO F9D ! ROOTS ( ! ECOLOGICAL PROBLEM 9 ! SOCIETAL PROBLEMS ( HI]>*Y1 ! DOM9ATION ( ONE G5D] BY ANO!R1 ! DOM9ATION ( ! Y\NG BY ! OLD1 & ! DOM9ATION ( ONE E?NIC GR\P BY ANO!R - & NOT LOOK AT ! PROBLEM 9 T]MS ( CLASSES1 IMPORTANT AS CLASS EXPLOITATION IS TODAY4 ,BUT :AT IS NE$$ TO BR+ A ,LEFT TOGE!R8 ,WE MU/ PRODUCE NOT ONLY A ,LEFT1 BUT ,LEFTI/S1 & NOT ONLY REVOLUTION 9 ! 5D1 BUT REVOLUTION>IES4 ,WE >E LOS+ CONTACT ) ! MEAN+ ( !SE T]MS4 ,WE DON'T KN[ :]E TO F9D DEF9ITIONS2 = !M1 UNLESS WE GO BACK TO ,SPA9 :]E WE SEE AU!NTIC REVOLUTION>IES & ,LEFTI/S1 UNLESS WE GO BACK TO E>LI] REVOLUTION>Y P]IODS & ! LIKE1 = ALL !IR DEFECTS4 ,WE HAVE TO DEVELOP NOT ONLY ! !ORETICAL BODY ( IDEAS ?AT IS NECESS>Y TO ORI5T US1 A SOCIAL ECOLOGY ?AT ROOTS \R ECOLOGICAL VIEWS 9 SOCIETY1 NOT ONLY A NEW S5SIBILITY T[>D ! NATURAL WORLD1 7:I* IS V]Y EASY TO >TICULATE - ALL Y\ HAVE TO DO IS READ ,DEEP ,ECOLOGY BY ,DEVALL & ,SESSIONS1 & Y\ WILL GET MORE ?AN Y\ KN[ :AT TO DO )71 BUT WE ALSO HAVE TO DEVELOP SOME?+ ?AT GOES BEYOND DIFF]5T ECOLOGICAL S5SIBILITIES & SPIRITUALITIES3 WE HAVE TO DEVELOP A /RATUM ( SOCIETY ?AT IS1 AT ! V]Y LEA/1 CAPABLE ( !ORIZ+1 ( GIV+ COH]5CE TO ?+S1 YET :I* IS AT ! SAME TIME P>T ( A PUBLIC SPH]E OR TRIES TO CREATE A PUBLIC SPH]E4 ,:AT WE >E CREAT+ TODAY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & 9 MU* ( ! WORLD1 C]TA9LY 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 IS A BUN* ( 9TELLECTUALS AT BE/ - ASSUM+ WE >E EV5 DEVELOP+ 9TELLECTUALS4 ,JU/ AS ! T]M ',LEFT' HAS BECOME SO D5ATUR$ ?AT Y\ CAN JO9 ,D,S,A .<,DEMOCRATIC ,SOCIALI/S ( ,AM]ICA.> OR ANO!R SU* QUASI OR REMNANT ,M>XI/ GR\P1 GO 9TO ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY1 & /ILL CALL Y\RSELF A ,LEFTI/1 :]E EV5 ,T$ ,K5N$Y CAN BE CALL$ A ,LEFTI/ ONLY BY COMP>ISON ) ,GEORGE ,BU%1 :]E !Y TALK ( ! LEFT W+ ( ! DEMOCRATIC P>TY :I* IS CORRUPT TO ! CORE - SO WE >E NOT ONLY LOS+ \R S5SE ( DEF9ITION ( :AT A ,LEFTI/ IS1 WE >E LOS+ \R S5SE ( DEF9ITION ( :AT A REVOLUTION>Y IS & ( :AT AN 9TELLECTUAL IS4 ,:AT IS IMPORTANT 9 !ORIZ+ IS TO MAKE REALITY COH]5T4 ,! IDEA BEH9D A COH]5T !ORY IS TO TRY TO MAKE REALITY1 OR \R UND]/&+ ( REALITY1 RATIONAL - ?AT IS ! PO9T BEH9D COH]5CE4 ,COH]5CE LIT]ALLY IS A PROCESS ( ?9K+ \T & GIV+ REASON TO :ATEV] \R IDEALS MAY BE OR TO :ATEV] REALITY WE >E TRY+ TO CREATE4 ,IT MEANS GIV+ A RATIONAL UND]/&+ TO ! REALITY 9 :I* WE LIVE - :I* DOESN'T MEAN ?AT ?IS REALITY IS RATIONAL BUT ?AT WE UND]/& H[ IT CAME AB\T & :]E IT IS GO+4 ,WE >E N[ LIV+ 9 A P]IOD ( 9COH]5CE4 ,!RE IS AN IDEOLOGY 9 ! UNIV]SITIES :I* /RESSES 9COH]5CE 9 ! NAME ( PLURALISM4 ,IT'S CALL$ PO/MOD]NISM4 ,IT D5IES ! EXI/5CE ( RATIONALITY1 IT D5IES ! EXI/5CE ( HI/ORY1 IT D5IES ! EXI/5CE ( IDEALS1 & HAS ESS5TIALLY PUT A TEXT UND] \R NOSES & ASK$ US TO ANALYZE IT4 ,IF ?AT IS :AT 9TELLECTUALITY IS ALL AB\T1 !N IT IS A TREM5D\S FAILURE4 ,IF 9TELLECTUALITY IS TO MEAN DRAW+ ON GREAT TRADITIONS1 RE/AT+ & RE9T]PRET+ !M 9 ORD] TO MAKE !M RELEVANT 9 A NEW CONTEXT SO ?AT WE CAN GO BEYOND1 SAY1 ! #a#i#cS & EV5 BEYOND ! #a#i#fS & #gS - IF IT IS MEANT TO DO ?AT1 !N WE >E NOT PRODUC+ 9TELLECTUALS 9 ! S5SE ?AT ,RUSSELL ,JACOBY IS DISCUSS+ 9 ,! ,LA/ ,9TELLECTUALS1 IF ANY ( Y\ >E FAMILI> ) HIS BOOK4 ,JACOBY LAM5TS ! FACT ?AT MO/ 9TELLECTUALS HAVE BECOME PR(ESSORS4 ,WE >E PRODUC+ 9TELLECTUALS :O >E BE+ ABSORB$ BY ! ACADEMY1 :O >E F9D+ !IR PUBLIC >5A 9 ! CLASSROOM & :O >E OP]AT+ ACCORD+ TO A SYLLABUS4 ,!SE 9TELLECTUALS >E ON ! ACADEMIC M>KET1 NO LESS COMMODITIES 9 ?IS RESPECT ?AN JUNK FOOD OR ! RUBBI% ?AT Y\ SEE 9 DEP>TM5T /ORES OR %OPP+ MALLS4 ,RUSSELL ,JACOBY MADE A MI/AKE US+ ! PHRASE ! 0LA/ 9TELLECTUALS0 BECAUSE 9TELLECTUALS EXI/ TODAY 9 ! S5SE ?AT !Y >E PR(ESSORS1 :I* IS NOT TO SAY ?AT ALL PR(ESSORS >E BAD - ,I WAS ONE MYSELF4 ,I WAS CAPTUR$ BY ! UNIV]SITY SY/EM & LEFT IT AS RAPIDLY AS ,I C\LD1 BUT ?AT ISN'T ! PO9T4 ,:AT ,I AM TALK+ AB\T IS BASICALLY A NEW 0SOCIAL CONTRACT10 IF ,I MAY USE ?AT WORD1 9 :I* PEOPLE :O >E SUPPOS$ TO ?9K >E TAM$ 9TO NO?+ BUT PEOPLE :O TEA* SKILLS4 ,! WORD 'SKILL' GIVES TO US ! 9/RUM5TAL T]M = :AT 5GAGES 9TELLECTUALS 9 ! UNIV]SITIES TODAY4 ,BECAUSE ( ?IS ABSORPTION 9TO ! UNIV]SITIES &1 = ?AT MATT]1 9TO CORPORATIONS & ! /ATE MA*9]Y1 ( :ATEV] CREATIVE TAL5T EXI/S AMONG 9TELLECTUALS1 !Y 5D UP GETT+ TRAPP$ 9 ! 9/ITUTIONS SO ?AT !Y CAN'T GET \T ( !M ANYMORE4 ,?IS IS EXACTLY :AT'S HAPP5$ 9 ,G]MANY ) ! 0LONG MAT* ?R\< ! 9/ITUTIONS0 ?AT ! ,G]MAN RADICAL /UD5T LEAD]1 ,RUDI ,DUTS*KE1 =MULAT$4 ,!Y BECOME TRAPP$ 9 ! ,G]MAN ,GRE5 P>TY1 TRAPP$ 9 ! ,G]MAN /ATE MA*9]Y1 TRAPP$ 9 ! ,G]MAN UNIV]SITY1 TRAPP$ 9 ! :OLE PR(ESSIONAL WORLD :I* IS L>GELY BUREAUCRATIC RA!R ?AN CREATIVE 9 ANY REAL S5SE ( ! T]M4 ,!RE WE HAVE LO/ CONTACT ) - & ?IS IS :Y ,I ?9K ,RUSSELL ,JACOBY C\LD HAVE US$ ANO!R WORD - A WORD ?AT HAS CAME \T ( ! ,RUSSIAN EXP]I5CE & ?AT ,I RECALL FROM *ILDHOOD3 ! 09TELLIG5TSIA40 ,! 9TELLIG5TSIA W]E PEOPLE :O ?\5A1 & :O TRI$ TO CREATE A PUBLIC SPH]E4 ,!RE W]E FIGURES LIKE ,D5IS ,DID]OT1 :O DID NOT 5D UP 9 ANY ( ! UNIV]SITIES BUT :O WROTE - VIRTUALLY 9 POV]TY = MU* ( HIS LIFE - :O READ & WAS CREATIVE1 :O WALK$ ! /REETS ( ,P>IS 9TOXICAT$ BY ! LIFE ( ! PEOPLE1 :O PLAY$ *ESS & WAS 9VOLV$ 9 ! DISCUSSIONS 9 ! CAFES1 ACT+ AS A F]M5T1 *ALL5G+ AU?ORITY EV]Y:]E ALONG HIS WAY & GO+ TO PRISON = A P]IOD ( TIME BECAUSE ! CL]GY DIDN'T LIKE :AT HE WAS DO+ :5 HE WAS PUTT+ TOGE!R ! ,5CYCLOP$IA4 ,!SE W]E ! RAW & WOM5 :O CREAT$ ! 9TELLECTUAL F]M5T ?AT GAVE RISE TO ! PAMPHLETS & ! LIT]ATURE ?AT F9ALLY DID SO MU* TO N\RI% ! GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION ( #aGE1 GRADUALLY P]COLAT+ D[N TO !M 7OR1 AT LEA/1 ! MIDDLE-BR[ PEOPLE7 & F9ALLY REA*+ ALL SECTORS ( ! ,FR5* POPULATION4 ,!SE IDEAS EV5 9TELLECTUALLY SUBV]T$ ! C\RT ITSELF2 ! NOBILITY BEGAN TO LOSE ITS S5SE ( ID5TITY BECAUSE ( ! *ALL5GES ?IS 9TELLIG5TSIA MADE1 PUTT+ EV]Y?+ UP AGA9/ ! B> ( REASON4 ,I AM REM9D$ ( ! AU!NTIC ,RUSSIAN S\RCE ( ! WORD '9TELLIG5TSIA4' ,IT'S TRULY A ,RUSSIAN1 NOT AN ,5GLI%1 WORD4 ,! M5 ?AT =M$ ! 9TELLIG5TSIA W5T ) O!RS TO ,SIB]IA & ?OSE :O CREAT$ 5ORM\S SOCIAL F]M5T1 9CLUD+ EV5 M5 LIKE ,TOL/OY - NOT TO M5TION ! MANY WOM5 :O W]E 9VOLV$ 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T & DID SO MU* ( ! WRIT+ & DID SO MU* ?9K+ & ALSO DID SO MU* ACT+4 ,! 9T]ACTION ( ! M9D ) LIFE - 9 :I* !RE IS NO SPLIT BETWE5 ! TWO1 9 :I* ONE IS NOT OPPOS$ TO ! O!R - & ! ATTEMPT TO WORK \TSIDE ! 9/ITUTIONS &1 9 FACT1 TO CREATE NEW 9/ITUTIONS WAS ! P>AM\NT ROLE ( AN 9TELLIG5TSIA ?AT 9CREAS+LY >TICULAT$ = A BROAD MASS ( PEOPLE ?OSE 9*OATE CONC]NS1 ?OSE FRU/RATIONS1 & ?OSE FEEL+S ( AN UTT] 9ABILITY TO MAKE S5SE ( REALITY4 ,&1 ULTIMATELY1 IT %ATT]$1 9 ! M9D & ! SPIRIT1 ! COMMITM5T ( ! GREAT MAJORITY ( PEOPLE TO ! OLD FEUDAL SY/EM &1 EV51 TO A C]TA9 DEGREE1 ! REPUBLIC ?AT FOLL[$4 ,SO1 TODAY WE >E FAC$ ) ! TASK ( DEVELOP+ AN 9TELLIG5TSIA1 NOT A NEW BODY ( 9TELLECTUALS4 ,WE'VE GOT 9TELLECTUALS1 WE >E BELEAGU]$ BY 9TELLECTUALS4 ,!Y FILL UP ! PAGES ( ! 0,NEW ,YORK ,REVIEW ( ,BOOKS10 !Y'RE ALL OV] ! 0,ATLANTIC ,MON?LY10 NOT TO SPEAK ( !IR MORE EXOTIC J\RNALS1 TWO OR ?REE ?\S&1 9 :I* EA* ONE SCRAT*ES ! O!R ONE'S BACK1 & TRIES TO GET 9 AS MANY QUOTATIONS AS POSSIBLE SO ?AT :5 ONE APPLIES = T5URE OR = AN ADVANCE FROM ASSOCIATE TO FULL PR(ESSOR1 ONE CAN PO9T \T ?AT HE OR %E HAS BE5 CIT$ #e TIMES LA/ YE> 9 V>I\S BOOKS & TEXTBOOKS1 :I* >E MEANT PRIM>ILY TO HOLD A POOR CLASSROOM 9 CAPTIVITY TO A BODY ( ABSOLUTELY FROZ5 & DEAD5+ IDEAS4 ,SO ! PROBLEM WE >E FAC$ ) IS CREAT+ AN 9TELLIG5TSIA4 ,H[EV]1 ,I DON'T BELIEVE ?AT AN 9TELLIG5TSIA IS A SUB/ITUTE = ! HI/ORICAL CONDITIONS ?AT CREATE ! CRISIS ?AT F9ALLY MAKES PEOPLE RECEPTIVE TO NEW IDEAS & F9ALLY SUGGE/S NEW DIRECTIONS & NEW POSSIBILITIES = PRACTICE4 ,BUT ! IMPORTANT ?+ IS1 ABOVE ALL1 TO TRY TO =MULATE & MAKE REALITY COH]5T1 & TO BE 5GAG$ 9 A LIV+ METABOLISM ) SOCIETY ALL ! TIME1 9/EAD ( REMA9+ 9SULAT$ FROM SOCIETY4 ,TO MAKE REALITY COH]5T 9 ! S5SE ?AT ONE CAN CRITICIZE IT 9 A RATIONAL & MEAN+FUL WAY ?AT PROVIDES A S5SE ( DIRECTION - ?AT %\LD BE \R GOAL4 ,AGA91 ( C\RSE1 ! HI/ORIC CONDITIONS HAVE TO BE ) US1 & AT ?IS P>TICUL> TIME1 FRANKLY1 !Y >E NOT4 ,I W\LD BE ABSURD IF ,I TRI$ TO MAKE ANYONE BELIEVE ?AT :AT WE >E FAC$ ) AT ! MOM5T IS ANY?+ BUT A P]IOD ( DEEP-SEAT$ REACTION4 ,BUT !RE IS ! BEG9N+ ( SOME K9D ( F]M5T4 ,!RE >E ! FIR/ SIGNS ?AT !RE IS A /IFF+ & AN ATTEMPT TO F9D MEAN+4 ,& ! CRISIS ?AT IS BE+ PRODUC$ HAS ITS ROOTS ABOVE ALL 9 ECOLOGY4 ,N[1 >E WE GO+ TO PRODUCE A MOVEM5T ?AT IS1 FIR/ ( ALL1 ,LEFT8 ,WILL ?IS BE A P]IOD 9 HI/ORY ?AT WILL BE UTT]LY )\T A ,LEFT OR :]E ! ,LEFT WILL MEAN NO?+ MORE ?AN LIB]AL8 ,>E WE GO+ TO DIVE/ \RSELVES ( ANY?+ ?AT C\LD BE CALL$ AN 9TELLIG5TSIA & PRODUCE NO?+ BUT 9TELLECTUALS 9 :AT IS ! %ALL[E/ S5SE ( ! T]M - NAMELY1 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ ?9K]S & 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ PEOPLE :O TRA9 O!RS1 RA!R ?AN IMP>T WISDOM8 ,F9ALLY1 HAVE WE F\ND ! RIM+ & IS /IRR+ MANY M9DS TODAY4 ,AT ?IS PO9T1 BE=E WE MOVE 9TO A SITUATION ( S]I\S CRISIS SU* AS ,SPA9 FAC$ 9 ! #a#i#cS OR SU* AS ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA FAC$ 9 ! ,GREAT ,DEPRESSION & ! #a#i#cS G5]ALLY1 ! REAL QUE/ION IS :E!R OR NOT WE >E GO+ TO PREP>E & ORGANIZE \R VISION ( :AT A ,LEFT IS1 ( :AT K9D ( BODY ( !ORY A ,LEFT CAN NURTURE & MAKE RELEVANT TO ! SOCIAL SC5E AS *ANGES4 ,& MO/ SIGNIFICANTLY1 WILL WE CONT9UE TO PRODUCE 9TELLECTUALS :O >E 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ TRA9]S1 BE !Y ( ! M9D OR ( ! H& - IMPORTANT AS IT IS TO /UDY1 IMPORTANT AS IT IS TO GO TO S*OOL1 IMPORTANT AS MANY ACADEMICS MAY BE4 ,SPEAK+ 9 A BROAD SAME1 NOT 9 AN 9DIVIDUAL S5SE1 WE NE$ AN 9TELLIG5TSIA ?AT IS \TSIDE ! 9/ITUTIONS1 ?AT WILL BE ! F]M5T+ AG5T 9 AN ORGANIZ$ WAY = NEW IDEAS ?AT CAN 9VIGORATE A RADICAL MOVEM5T - A ,LEFT MOVEM5T - & CAN GIVE IT COH]5CE4 ,?IS IS A MOM5T\S PROBLEM ?AT P>TICUL>LY FACES Y\NG PEOPLE TODAY - ALL ! MORE SO BECAUSE :5 ,I WAS TEA*+ =MALLY 9 A MORE ACADEMIC SETT+1 ! USUAL P]SPECTIVE ,I 5C\NT]$ WAS3 0,I FIR/ HAVE TO F9D MY C>E] - & AFT] ,I F9D :AT ,I AM GO+ TO DO ) MY LIFE1 :E!R ,I BECOME A CIVIL RI\ND IT40 ,POLITICS W\LD !N BE ! M>G9ALIA ( !IR C>E]4 ,UND]/&ABLE AS IT IS = MO/ PEOPLE1 ) ! ANOMIE ?AT EXI/S TODAY1 ) ! ALI5ATION ?AT EXI/S TODAY1 & ! S5SE ?AT PEOPLE HAVE NO FUTURE OR1 IF !Y HAVE ONE1 !Y CANNOT DEF9E IT1 SU* A /ATEM5T /&S V]Y MU* AT ODDS ) A TREM5D\S TRADITION :I* SAYS3 0,MY C>E] IS TO *ANGE ! WORLD1 & ANY?+ ELSE ?AT ,I DO1 :ATEV] WORK ?AT ,I DO1 :ATEV] ,I 5GAGE 91 WILL BE SUBORD9AT$ TO ?AT & WILL BE US$ PRIM>ILY TO SUPPORT ?AT40 ,I DO NOT ?9K ?AT REVOLUTION>IES CAN AF=D TO BE SO CONFID5T4 ,!RE IS A GREAT DANG] 9 ?AT4 ,?AT'S :Y WE SEE SU* VA/ ASSIMILATION3 V]Y COM=TABLE1 RADICAL C>E]S EXI/ TODAY ?AT >E P]FECTLY ACCEPTABLE TO ! SOCIETY4 ,?IS SOCIETY HAS %[N AN ABILITY TO ASSIMILATE PRACTICALLY EV]Y?+ BUT ?AT :I* *ALL5GES IT ) A COH]5T ANALYSIS4 ,NIHILISM IS ABSOLUTELY ACCEPTABLE TODAY4 ,ANYONE :O SAYS1 0,IF ,I WRITE A MANIFE/O OR SUBSCRIBE TO A MANIFE/O ?AT SAYS ,I REJECT EV]Y?+0 & DOESN'T PROPOSE ANY?+ TO C\NT]ACT ! SY/EM IS GO+ ALONG ) ! SY/EM FROM MY PO9T ( VIEW4 ,I HAVE SE5 ?AT NIHILISM1 &1 FRANKLY1 IT IS V]Y COMMON AMONG ! ,AUTONOMES 9 ,G]MANY1 :O MORE & MORE >E MOV+ T[>D SK9HEAD POSITIONS1 QUASI-,NAZI POSITION1 OR1 9 ! BE/ CASES1 BUT /ILL A LIMIT$ NUMB] ( CASES1 >E TURN+ 9TO AN>*I/S4 ,TO REJECT EV]Y?+ IS TO CREATE A VACUUM & :O KN[S :AT WILL 5T] 9TO ! VACUUM4 ,ALMO/ ANY?+ CAN 5T] 9TO A VACUUM ( UNIV]SAL NIHILISM1 ( UNIV]SAL REJECTION1 ( UNIV]SAL 9COH]5CE1 ( UNIV]SAL OPPOSITION TO !ORY1 ( UNIV]SAL OPPOSITION TO EV5 A COH]5T PRACTICE4 ,I HAD A FRI5D ( M9E1 YE>S AGO1 TELL ME1 0,I AM NO LONG] 9T]E/$ 9 5GAG+ 9 FI\ND CIVIL RIRICADES40 ,WELL1 HE GOT FUR!R & FUR!R AWAY1 :E!R !RE W]E B>RICADES OR NOT1 & N[ Y\ CAN'T CALL ON HIM TO DO ANY?+4 ,!RE IS AN EXTREMISM ?AT GOES ABSURDLY TOO F>1 A NIHILISM ?AT 9VOLVES A REJECTION SO UNIV]SAL ?AT IT CREATES1 LIT]ALLY1 A VACUUM 9 :I* ANY?+ CAN 5T]4 ,& ,I HAVE NO GREAT FEEL+ = ! ,G]MAN ,AUTONOMES BECAUSE ( ! NIHILISM ?AT HAS GR[N UP AMONG !M4 ,:AT IS NE$$ TODAY >E ALT]NATIVES ?AT REALLY *ALL5GE ! SOCIETY4 ,:AT IS NE$$ >E IDEALS & PR9CIPLES ?AT /& 9 OPPOSITION TO ! SOCIETY4 ,!Y HAVE TO BE IDEALS1 NOT ONLY !ORIES1 & !Y F9ALLY HAVE TO METABOLIZE ) PEOPLE - NOT IMM$IATELY ) PEOPLE :O >E 9VOLV$ ) ! PROBLEMS ( EV]YDAY LIV+1 BUT ) PEOPLE :O >E JU/ BEG9N+ TO /UDY & TO ?9K4 ,?AT IS :AT ! FUNCTION ( AN 9TELLIG5TSIA W\LD BE4 ,?AT IS :AT1 9 MY VIEW1 A TRULY REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T W\LD BE4 ,?AT IS :AT A ,LEFT W\LD BE & A !ORY ?AT GOES ALONG ) IT4 ,R$UC$ TO M]E NIHILISM1 Y\'VE GOT A VACUUM4 ,ANY?+ CAN 5T]1 9CLUD+ FASCISM1 & ?AT IS HAPP5+ TODAY4 ,R$UC$ TO M]E SPIRITUALITY )\T REASON1 WE >E LEFT ) 9COH]5CE4 ,LACK+ COH]5CE1 WE CANNOT 9T]PRET ! NATURE ( ! SOCIETY 9 :I* WE LIVE1 & WE CANNOT (F] UP AN IDEAL1 A PRECI\S IDEAL ?AT IS WOR? FI*I/S FROM #aicf TO #aicg ?\S1 M]E 9TELLECTUALS1 UTT]LY 9/ITUTIONALIZ$4 ,!N ! SY/EM CAN ACCEPT ANY?+ - IT HAS TURN$ ,M>XISM 9TO A DISCIPL9E4 ,WE N[ HAVE ,M>XISM #aa & ,M>XISM #ab & ,M>XISM #b#a1 & !N WE'VE GOT PO/-GRADUATE ,M>XISM1 & SO ON4 ,&1 BY ! WAY1 ! SAME CAN BE DONE ) AN>*ISM1 AS LONG AS Y\ WANT TO DWELL 9 ! CEMET]Y1 AS LONG AS Y\ WANT TO WRITE AB\T ! ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S OR :AT HAPP5$ 9 ,KRON/ADT OR GOD KN[S :AT - Y\ KN[1 F9D A LITTLE PIECE ( PAP] SOME:]E 9 ! MUSEUM AS A WELL MEAN+1 BUT /ILL RA!R /ILT$ AN>*I/ HI/ORIAN HAS DONE1 OR AT LEA/ A HI/ORIAN ON AN>*ISM1 HAS CELEBRAT$ ! FACT ?AT HE F\ND A ,:ITE ,GU>D LETT] TO ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS 9 #a#i#b#a1 & MAKES A :OLE *APT] \T ( :AT %\LD BE NO?+ MORE ?AN A FOOTNOTE BECAUSE HE DISCOV]$ IT4 ,& Y\ CAN BE A ,SITUATIONI/1 & Y\ CAN BE AN ,AUTONOME1 JU/ DON'T BREAK TOO MANY GLASS W9D[S OR AT LEA/ MAKE SURE ?AT :5 Y\ BREAK ! GLASS W9D[S ?AT !Y >E 9SUR$4 ,& BY ! WAY ?AT WAS A :OLE ?+ ?AT DEVELOP$ 9 ,ZURI* ?AT MANY ( Y\ >E NOT FAMILI> ) - A TREM5D\S Y\? REVOLT APPE>$ 9 ,ZURI* 9 ! #a#i#gS :5 ,I W5T !RE4 ,IT WAS UNBELIEVABLE4 ,EV]Y 0,A0 WAS CIRCL$1 EV5 ON ! WORD 'BANK1' ON ! WORD 'AV5UE4' 0,A0 WAS CIRCL$ & SLA%$ ALL OV] ! PLACE4 ,Y\ KN[ :]E ?AT MOVEM5T IS N[8 ,IT'S ON CRACK4 ,?OSE :O HAV5'T GONE BACK 9TO ! SY/EM HAVE BECOME DRUG ADDICTS OR CRIM9ALS4 ,& N[ ! SY/EM HAS !M :]E IT WANTS !M4 ,!Y'RE NOT A REAL DANG]2 !Y'RE BUSY CANNIBALIZ+ !MSELVES4 ,?OSE >E A FEW ( ! ?\*I/S & !IR TREM5D\S S5SE ( 9N] SELF-DISCIPL9E1 COMMITM5T1 & IDEALISM - & AT ! SAME TIME1 AN IDEALISM ?AT HAD TO BE 9=M$ BY !ORY BECAUSE ?AT WAS !IR BIGGE/ FAILURE4 ,!IR BIGGE/ FAILURE WAS ?AT !Y DIDN'T KN[ :5 TO REVOLT1 !Y DIDN'T KN[ :AT !Y W\LD HAVE TO DO IF !Y REVOLT$1 OR :AT ! CONSEQU5CES W\LD BE1 & SO !Y 5T]$ ! GOV]NM5T & BECAME A P>T ( ! V]Y REPRESSIVE APP>ATUS ?AT !Y HAD BE5 FIS4 ,SO1 N[ ,I HAVE %>$ ) Y\ ! V>I\S MIX$ FEEL+S ,I'VE HAD AS ,I'VE ?\*Y ,>*IVES4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #c1 #aii 3 ,9TELLIG5TSIA & ! ,NEW ,9TELLECTUALS -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bag 3 ,9TELLIG5TSIA & ! ,NEW ,9TELLECTUALS -- ,ADD$4 ,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,9TELLIG5TSIA & ! ,NEW ,9TELLECTUALS -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/