,9T]VIEW ) ,LOTTA ,CONT9UA #aigg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 ,KURASJE ,>*IVE2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,&Y ,BLUND51 = M>XI/S4ORG #b#c4 

,QUE/ION3 ,WE SEEM TO BE 5T]+ 9TO A NEW P]IOD ( S]I\S ECONOMIC & SOCIAL CRISIS4 ,:> >E ! NEW FEATURES ( ?IS P]IOD1 9 
COMP>ISON ) ! #a#i#c'S8 

,ANSW]3 ,! BASIC REASONS = ! CURR5T CRISIS AT ! SAME 
AS ?OSE :I* CAUS$ ALL PREVI\S CAPITALI/ CRISES4 ,BUT ALL CRISES HAVE ALSO SPECIFIC 
FEATURES ) RESPECT TO !IR 9ITIATION1 ! REACTIONS RELEAS$ BY !M1 & !IR 
\TCOME4 ,! *ANG+ CAPITAL /RUCTURE ACC\NTS = !SE PECULI>ITIES4 ,G5]ALLY1 A 
CRISIS FOLL[S 9 ! WAKE ( A P]IOD ( SUCCESSFUL CAPITAL ACCUMULATION1 :]E9 ! 
PR(ITS PRODUC$ & REALIZ$ >E SUFFICI5T TO MA9TA9 A GIV5 RATE ( EXPANSION4 ,?IS 
/ATE ( CAPITALI/IC PROSP]ITY REQUIRES A /EADILY 9CREAS+ PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR1 
L>GE 5\< TO (FSET ! RELATIVE DECL9E ( PR(ITABILITY RESULT+ FROM ! *ANG+ 
CAPITAL /RUCTURE4 ,! COMPETITIVE & !RE=E BL9D PURSUIT ( PR(IT ON ! P>T ( 
9DIVIDUAL CAPITALS CANNOT HELP BUT IGNORE ! *ANG+ CAPITAL_/LABOR COMPOSITION ( ! 
SOCIAL CAPITAL4 ,! CRISIS ]UPTS1 :5 AN >IS+ DISPROPORTIONALITY BETWE5 A REQUIR$ 
RATE ( PR(IT = ! SOCIAL CAPITAL & ITS NECESS>Y RATE ( ACCUMULATION =BIDS ITS 
FUR!R EXPANSION4 ,?IS UND]LY+ BUT EMPIRICALLY UNASC]TA9ABLE DISCREPANCY COMES TO 
! =E 9 T]MS ( M>KET RELATIONS AS A LACK ( EFFECTIVE DEM&1 :I* IS ONLY ANO!R 
EXPRESSION = A LACK ( ACCUMULATION ON :I* ! EFFECTIVE DEM& DEP5DS4 

,PRIOR TO #aic P]IODS ( DEPRESSION W]E ANSW]$ BY 
DEFLATION>Y PROC$URES1 ?AT IS1 BY LETT+ ! 'LAWS ( ! M>KET' RUN !IR 
C\RSE 9 ! EXPECTATION ?AT SOON] OR LAT] ! DECL9+ ECONOMIC ACTIVITY W\LD 
RE/ORE ! LO/ EQUILIBRIUM ( SUPPLY & DEM& & ?US REVIVE ! PR(ITABILITY ( 
CAPITAL4 ,! CRISIS ( #a#i#c1 H[EV]1 WAS TOO DEEP & TOO EXT5SIVE TO ALL[ = ?IS 
TRADITIONAL WAY ( COP+ ) IT4 ,IT WAS ANSW]$ BY 9FLATION>Y PROC$URES--?AT IS1 BY 
GOV]NM5TAL 9T]V5TIONS 9 ! M>KET ME*ANISM1 UP TO ! PO9T ( 9T]NATIONAL 
W>F>E1 = ! RE/RUCTUR+ ( ! WORLD ECONOMY ?R\< A =C$ C5TRALIZATION ( 
CAPITAL AT ! EXP5SE ( WEAK] NATIONAL CAPITALS1 & BY T HE \TRI<T DE/RUCTION ( 
CAPITAL 9 BO? ITS MONET>Y & PHYSICAL =MS4 ,F9ANC$ BY WAY ( GOV]NM5T DEFICITS1 
?AT IS1 BY 9FLATION>Y ME?ODS1 ! RESULTS W]E /ILL DEFLATION>Y1 BUT ON A F> L>G] 
SCALE ?AN HAD BE5 ACCOMPLI%$ PREVI\SLY BY PASSIVE RELIANCE ON ! 0LAWS ( ! 
M>KET40 ,! LONG DEPRESSION P]IOD & ! SECOND WORLD W>1 & ! ATT5DANT 
5ORM\S DE/RUCTION ( CAPITAL1 CREAT$ CONDITIONS = AN EXTRAORD9>ILY LONG P]IOD ( 
CAPITAL EXPANSION 9 ! LEAD+ ,WE/]N NATIONS4 

,BO? DEFLATION & 9FLATION L$ !N TO ! SAME RESULT1 TO 
A NEW UPSW+ ( CAPITAL1 & ]E SUBSEQU5TLY & ALT]NAT+LY UTILIZ$ 9 ! ATTEMPT 
TO SECURE ! NEWLY-WON ECONOMIC & SOCIAL /ABILITY4 ,UND\BT$LY1 IT IS POSSIBLE BY WAY 
( DEFICIT-F9ANC+1 ?AT IS1 BY WAY ( CR$IT1 TO 5LIV5 A /AGNANT ECONOMY4 ,BUT IT IS 
NOT POSSIBLE TO MA9TA9 ! RATE ( PR(IT ON CAPITAL 9 ?IS MANN] & !REBY 
P]PETUATE ! CONDITIONS ( PROSP]ITY4 ,IT WAS !N ONLY A QUE/ION ( TIME UNTIL ! 
CRISIS-ME*ANISM ( CAPITAL PRODUCTION W\LD REASS]T ITSELF4 ,BY N[ IT IS OBVI\S ?AT 
! M]E AVAILABILITY ( CR$IT TO EXP& PRODUCTION IS NO SOLUTION TO CRISIS1 BUT A 
FLEET+ MAKE-%IFT POLICY ) ONLY TEMPOR>Y 0POSITIVE0 EFFECTS4 ,IF NOT 
FOLL[$ UP BY A G5U9E UPSW+ ( CAPITAL1 BAS$ ON L>G] PR(ITS1 IT MU/ COLLAPSE 9 
ITSELF4 ,! 0,KEYNESIAN REM$Y0 HAS L$ M]ELY TO A NEW CRISIS SITUATION ) 
GR[+ UNEMPLOYM5T & GR[+ 9FLATION - BO? EQUALLY DETRIM5TAL TO ! CAPITALI/ 
SY/EM4 

,! PRES5T CRISIS HAS NOT AS YET REA*$ ?AT DEGREE ( 
DEVA/ATION :I*1 9 ! #a#i#c'S1 L$ FROM DEPRESSION TO W>4 ,AL?\< UNABLE TO OV]COME 
! CURR5T CRISIS1 ! ANTI-DEPRESSION MEASURES ALLEVIATE TO SOME EXT5T ! SOCIAL 
MIS]Y CAUS$ BY ! DECL9E ( ECONOMIC ACTIVITY4 ,BUT 9 A /AGNAT+ CAPITALI/ ECONOMY1 
!SE MEASURES BECOME !MSELVES ELEM5TS 9 ITS FUR!R DET]IORATION4 ,!Y MAKE IT 
MORE DIFFICULT TO REGA9 A />T+-PO9T = A NEW UPSW+4 ,ALSO ! DEGREE ( 
9T]NATIONAL 09TEGRATION0 ( ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY1 BY WAY ( LIB]AL TRADE 
POLICIES & MONET>Y >RANGEM5TS1 IS /EADILY UND]M9$ BY ! DEEP5+ DEPRESSION4 
,PROTECTIONI/ T5D5CIES DI/URB ! WORLD M>KET /ILL FUR!R4 ,AS ! DEPRESSION CANNOT 
BE OV]COME1 EXCEPT AT ! EXP5SE ( ! WORK+ POPULATION1 ! B\RGEOISIE MU/ TRY ALL 
AVAILABLE MEANS1 ECONOMIC AS WELL AS POLITICAL1 TO R$UCE ! LIV+ /&>D ( ! 
WORK]S4 ,! 9CREASE ( UNEMPLOYM5T1 ?\< ( SOME HELP1 IS NOT 5\< TO CUT WAGES 
SUFFICI5TLY TO 9CREASE ! PR(ITABILITY ( CAPITAL4 ,! 9COMES ( ALL NON-CAPITALI/ 
LAY]S ( SOCIETY MU/ BE R$UC$1 ! SO-CALL$ WELF>E MEASURES DIM9I%$1 9 AN 
ATTEMPT TO REA* ?AT PR(ITABILITY ( CAPITAL :I* ALL[S = ITS FUR!R EXPANSION4 
,AL?\< A RAPID RATE ( 9FLATION HAS ?IS EFFECT1 IT ALSO F9DS ITS LIMITATIONS 9 ! 
9CREAS+ AN>*Y ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION & 9 SOCIETY 9 G5]AL4 ,AS A P]MAN5T 
POLICY IT ?REAT5S ! EXI/5CE ( ! SY/EM ITSELF4 

,QUE/ION3 ,9 ?IS CONNECTION1 H[ DO Y\ SEE ! ROLE 
( ! ,LEFT1 ESPECIALLY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY2 :AT IS ! MEAN+ ( ,EUROCOMMUNISM8 

,ANSW]3 ,ONE MU/ DI/+UI% BETWE5 ! 0OBJECTIVE 
LEFT0 9 SOCIETY1 ?AT IS1 ! PROLET>IAT AS SU*1 & ! ORGANIZ$ LEFT1 :I* IS 
NOT /RICTLY ( A PROLET>IAN NATURE4 ,)9 ! ORGANIZ$ LEFT1 AT ANY RATE 9 ,ITALY1 ! 
,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY HOLDS ! DOM9AT+ POSITION4 ,AT ?IS P>TICUL> TIME1 IT MO/ PROBABLY 
DET]M9ES 0LEFT POLICIES0 DESPITE OPPOSITION FROM O!R ORGANIZATIONS EI!R TO 
ITS LEFT OR TO ITS RI<T4 ,BUT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY IS NOT A COMMUNI/ ORGANIZATION 9 ! 
TRADITIONAL S5SE4 ,LONG S9CE IT TURN$ 9TO A SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC =MATION1 A RE=MI/ 
P>TY1 AT HOME )9 ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM & !RE=E (F]+ ITSELF AS A SUPPORT+ 
9/RUM5T4 ,PRACTICALLY1 IT EXI/S TO SATISFY ! B\RGEOIS ASPIRATIONS ( ,ITS LEAD]%IP 
& ! NE$1 ( ITS BUREAUCRACY1 BY M$IAT+ BETWE5 LABOR & CAPITAL 9 ORD] TO 
SECURE ! SOCIAL /ATUS QUO4 ,! FACT ( ITS L>GE WORK+ CLASS FOLL[+ [+ 
9DICATES ! WORK]'S UNREAD9ESS1 OR UNWILL+NESS1 TO OV]?R[ ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM 
& !IR DESIRE TO F9D1 9/EAD1 ACCOMMODATION )9 IT4 ,! ILLUSION ?AT ?IS IS 
POSSIBLE SUPPORTS ! OPPORTUNI/ POLICIES ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,BECAUSE A PROLONG$ 
DEPRESSION1 ?REAT5S TO DE/ROY ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 IT IS ESS5TIAL = ! ,COMMUNI/ 
,P>TY1 AS WELL AS = O!R RE=MI/ ORGANIZATIONS1 TO HELP ! B\RGEOISIE TO OV]COME 
! CRISIS CONDITIONS4 ,!Y MU/ !RE=E TRY TO PREV5T WORK+-CLASS ACTIONS :I* MAY 
DELAY1 OR PREV5T A CAPITALI/ RECOV]Y4 ,!IR RE=MI/ & OPPORTUNI/ POLICIES TAKE ON 
AN OP5 C\NT] REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT] AS SOON AS ! SY/EM F9DS ,ITSELF 5DANG]$ BY 
WORK+-CLASS ACTIVITIES ?AT CANNOT BE SATISFI$ )9 ! CRISIS-RIDD5 CAPITALI/ 
SY/EM4 

,! 0,EUROCOMUNISM0 SPORT$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 
HAS NO MEAN+ BECAUSE COMMUNISM IS NOT A GEOGRAPHIC BUT A SOCIAL CATEGORY4 ,?IS EMPTY 
T]M M>KS AN ATTEMPT ON ! P>T ( ,EUROPEAN COMMUNI/ P>TIES TO DIFF]5TIATE !IR 
PRES5T ATTITUDES FROM PA/ POLICIES2 IT IS A DECL>ATION ?AT ! =M]1 ALBEIT LONG 
=GOTT51 /ATE-CAPITALI/ GOAL HAS1 BE5 GIV5 UP 9 FAVOR ( ! MIX$ ECONOMY ( 
PRES5T-DAY CAPITALISM4 0,EUROCOMMUNISM0 IS A REQUE/ = (FICIAL RECOGNITION 
& = FULL 9TEGRATION 9TO ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 :I* IMPLIES1 ( C\RSE1 AN 
,9TEGRATION 9TO ! V>I\S NATION-/ATES ?AT COMPRISE ! ,EUROPEAN T]RITORY4 ,IT IS A 
QUE/ = L>G] 0RESPONSIBILITIES0 )9 ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM & ITS 
GOV]NM5TS1 & A PROMISE NOT TO DISRUPT ! LIMIT$ DEGREE ( COOP]ATION REA*$ BY 
CAPITALI/ NATIONS 9 ! ,EUROPEAN CONTEXT1 & TO AB/A9 FROM ALL ACTIVITIES ?AT MAY 
DI/URB ! APP>5T CONS5SUS BETWE5 ! ,EA/ & ! ,WE/4 ,IT DOES NOT IMPLY A RADICAL 
BREAK ) ! /ATE-CAPITALI/ P>T ( ! WORLD1 BUT M]ELY ! RECOGNITION1 ?AT ?IS 
P>T1 TOO1 IS NOT 9T]E/$ 9 ! EXT5SION ( /ATE-CAPITALI/ SY/EM BY REVOLUTION>Y 
MEANS1 BUT RA!R 9TO A FULL] 9TEGRATION 9TO ! CAPITALI/ WORLD-M>KET1 DESPITE ! 
REMA9+ SOCIOECONOMIC DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! PRIVATE- & ! /ATE-CAPITALI/ 
SY/EMS4 

,QUE/ION3 ,:AT POSSIBILITIES >E !RE = 
REVOLUTION>Y ACTION1 OR ACTION :I* WANTS TO PREP>E = A FUTURE REVOLUTION8 ,:AT 
POSSIBILITIES DO Y\ SEE = WORK]S1 UNEMPLOY$1 /UD5TS1 ! LEFT-W+ GR\PS8 

,ANSW]3 ,REVOLUTION>Y ACTIONS >E DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! SY/EM 
AS A :OLE - = ITS OV]?R[4 ,?IS PRESUPPOSES A G5]AL DISRUPTION ( SOCIETY :I* 
ESCAPES POLITICAL CONTROL4 ,?US F>1 SU* REVOLUTION>Y ACTIONS HAVE OCCURR$ ONLY 9 
CONNECTION ) SOCIAL CATA/ROPHE1 SU* AS W]E RELEAS$ BY LO/ W>S & ! ASSOCIAT$ 
ECONOMIC DISLOCATIONS4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT SU* SITUATIONS >E AN ABSOLUTE 
PRECONDITION = REVOLUTION1 BUT IT 9DICATES ! EXT5T ( SOCIAL DIS9TEGRATION ?AT 
PREC$ES REVOLUTION>Y UPHEAVALS4 ,REVOLUTION MU/ 9VOLVE A MAJORITY ( ! ACTIVE 
POPULATION4 ,NOT IDEOLOGY BUT NECESSITY BR+S ! MASSES 9TO REVOLUTION>Y MOTION4 ,! 
RESULT+ ACTIVITIES PRODUCE !IR [N REVOLUTION>Y IDEOLOGY1 NAMELY AN UND]/&+ ( 
:AT HAS TO BE DONE TO EM]GE VICTORI\SLY \T ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! SY/EM'S 
DEF5D]S4 ,AT ! PRES5T TIME ! POSSIBILITIES = REVOLUTION>Y ACTION >E EXTREMELY 
DIM1 BECAUSE ! *ANCES ( SUCCESS >E PRACTICALLY NIL4 ,BECAUSE ( PREVI\S EXP]I5CES1 
! RUL+ CLASSES EXPECT REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITIES & HAVE >M$ !MSELVES ACCORD+LY4 
,!IR MILIT>Y P[] IS NOT AS YET ?REAT5$ BY 9T]NAL DISS5SION2 POLITICALLY !Y 
/ILL HAVE ! SUPPORT ( ! L>GE LABOR ORGANIZATIONS & ( ! MAJORITY ( ! 
POPULATION2 !Y HAVE NOT AS YET EXHAU/$ ! ME*ANISMS = MANIPULAT+ ! ECONOMY1 
&1 DESPITE AN 9CREAS+ 9T]NATIONAL COMPETITION = ! %R9K+ PR(ITS ( ! WORK 
ECONOMY1 !Y >E UNIT$ WORLD-WIDE AGA9/ PROLET>IAN UPHEAVALS :]EV] !Y MAY OCCUR4 
,9 ?IS COMMON FRONT >E ALSO TO BE F\ND ! SO-CALL$ SOCIALI/ REGIMES2 9 ! DEF5SE 
( !IR [N EXPLOITATIVE CLASS RELATIONS4 

,:ILE A SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION AT ?IS /AGE ( DEVELOPM5T 
SEEMS MORE ?AN D\BTFUL1 ALL WORK+-CLASS ACTIVITIES 9 DEF5SE ( !IR [N 9T]E/S 
POSSESS A POT5TIAL REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT] BECAUSE CAPITALISM F9DS ITSELF 9 A /ATE ( 
DECAY ?AT MI<T LA/ = A LONG TIME4 ,NO ONE IS ABLE TO PR$ICT ! DIM5SIONS ( ! 
DEPRESSION = LACK ( RELEVANT DATA4 ,BUT EV]YONE FACES ! ACTUAL CRISIS & HAS TO 
REACT TO IT1 ! B\RGEOISIE 9 ITS WAY1 ! WORK+ CLASS 9 OPPOSITE WAYS ,9 P]IODS ( 
RELATIVE ECONOMIC /ABILITY ! WORK]'S /RUGGLE ITSELF HA/5S ! ACCUMULATION ( 
CAPITAL1 BY =C+ ! B\RGEOISIE TO ADOPT MORE EFFECTIVE WAYS TO 9CREASE ! 
PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR1 SO AS TO RETA9 A NECESS>Y RATE ( PR(IT4 ,WAGES & PR(ITS MAY 
RISE TOGE!R )\T DI/URB+ ! EXPANSION ( CAPITAL4 ,A DEPRESSION1 H[EV]1 BR+S 
?IS SIMULTANE\S 7?\< UNEQUAL7 RISE ( PR(ITS & WAGES TO AN 5D4 ,! PR(ITABILITY 
( CAPITAL MU/ BE RE/OR$ BE=E ! ACCUMULATION PROCESS CAN BE RESUM$4 ,! /RUGGLE 
BETWE5 LABOR & CAPITAL N[ 9VOLVES ! SY/EM'S V]Y EXI/5CE1 B\ND AS IT IS TO ITS 
CONT9U\S EXPANSION4 ,OBJECTIVELY1 ! ORD9>Y ECONOMIC /RUGGLE TAKES ON REVOLUTION>Y 
IMPLICATIONS & ?US1 POLITICAL =MS1 BECAUSE ONE CLASS CAN ONLY SUCCE$ AT ! EXP5SE 
( ! O!R4 ,! WORK+ CLASS DOES NOT NE$ TO CONCEIVE ( ITS /RUGGLE AS ! ROAD TO 
REVOLUTION1 )9 A /ATE ( P]SI/5T CAPITALI/IC DECL9E ITS /RUGGLES TAKE ON 
REVOLUTION>Y CONNOTATIONS QUITE AP>T FROM ALL AW>5ESS4 

,( C\RSE1 ! WORK]S MI<T BE PREP>$ TO ACCEPT1 )9 
LIMITS1 A DECREAS+ %>E ( ! SOCIAL PRODUCT1 IF ONLY TO AVOID ! MIS]IES ( 
DRAWN-\T CONFRONTATIONS ) ! B\RGEOISIE & ITS /ATE4 ,BUT ?IS MI<T NOT BE 
SUFFICI5T TO BR+ AB\T A NEW ECONOMIC UPSW+ & !RE) NOT 5\< TO HALT ! 
GR[+ UNEMPLOYM5T4 ,! DIVISION BETWE5 EMPLOY$ & UNEMPLOY$1 :ILE A CAPITALI/ 
NECESSITY1 TURNS 9TO A CAPITALI/ DILEMMA ) A /EADILY GR[+ UNEMPLOYM5T UND] 
CONDITIONS ( ECONOMIC /AGNATION & DECL9E4 ,IF ONE WI%ES TO SUGGE/ TO ! WORK]S H[ 
TO REACT TO ! DEEP5+ CRISIS1 ALL ?AT C\LD BE SAID IS TO ORGANIZE BO? EMPLOY$ & 
UNEMPLOY$ 9TO ORGANIZATIONS UND] !IR [N DIRECT CONTROL1 & TO FI<T = IMM$IATE 
NE$S1 REG>DLESS ( ! /ATE ( ! ECONOMY & ! CLASS-COLLABORATIONISM ( ! 
(FICIAL LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,9 O!R WORDS TO FI<T ! CLASS /RUGGLE AS IT IS F\<T BY ! 
B\RGEOISIE4 ,! ADVANTAGE ON ! P>T ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 ITS /ATE APP>ATUS1 MU/ BE 
MAT*$ BY A GREAT] P[]1 :I*1 AT FIR/1 CAN ONLY BY ! CONT9U\S DISRUPTION ( ! 
PRODUCTION PROCESS1 :I* IS ! BASIS ( ALL CAPITALI/ P[]1 & BY REL5TLESS 
ACTIVITIES ( ! UNEMPLOY$ TO =CE FROM ! B\RGEOISIE ! MEANS ( EXI/5CE4 ,AS F> 
AS ! RADICAL /UD5TS & REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS >E CONC]N$1 9 ORD] TO BE EFFECTIVE 
AT ALL !Y MU/ SUBM]GE !MSELVES 9 ! MOVEM5TS ( ! WORK]S & UNEMPLOY$2 NOT 
TO REALIZE ANY SPECIAL PROGRAM ( !IR [N1 BUT TO >TICULATE ! MEAN+ ( ! 
IMP5D+ CLASS /RUGGLE & ! DIRECTIONS IT HAS TO TAKE DUE TO ! IMM95T LAWS ( 
CAPITAL PRODUCTION4 

,QUE/ION3 ,:AT ROLE DO Y\ SEE = VIOL5CE1 & 9 
P>TICUL> = >M$ /RUGGLE1 9 RADICAL ACTIVITY8 

,ANSW]3 ,?IS IS NOT A QUE/ION :I* CAN BE ANSW]$ BY 
ALLOTT+ TO VIOL5CE EI!R A POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE ROLE4 ,VIOL5CE IS IMM95T TO ! 
SY/EM & ?US A NECESSITY = BO? LABOR & CAPITAL4 ,JU/ AS ! B\RGEOISIE CAN ONLY 
EXI/ BY VIRTUE ( ITS CONTROL OV] ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 SO IT MU/ DEF5D ?IS 
CONTROL BY EXTRA-ECONOMIC MEANS1 ?R\< ITS MONOPOLY OV] ! MEANS ( SUPPRESSION4 
,ALREADY A REFUSAL TO WORK MAKES ! POSSESSION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION MEAN+LESS1 = 
,IT IS ONLY ! LABOR+ PROCESS :I* YIELDS ! CAPITALI/ PR(IT4 ,A 0PURELY 
ECONOMIC0 /RUGGLE BETWE5 LABOR & CAPITAL IS !RE=E \T ( ! QUE/ION2 ! 
B\RGEOISIE WILL ALWAYS SUPPLEM5T ?IS /RUGGLE ) VIOL5CE :]EV] IT ?REAT5S ITS 
EXI/5CE BY S]I\SLY ?REAT5+ ! PR(ITABILITY ( CAPITAL4 ,IT DOES NOT ALL[ ! 
WORK]S TO *OOSE BETWE5 NONVIOL5T & VIOL5T ME?ODS ( CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,IT ,IS ! 
B\RGEOISIE1 9 POSSESSION ( ! /ATE APP>ATUS1 :I* DET]M9ES :I* ONE IT WILL BE ON 
ANY P>TICUL> OCCASION4 ,VIOL5CE CAN ONLY BE ANSW]$ BY VIOL5CE1 EV5 IF ! WEAPONS 
EMPLOY$ >E UNEQUAL TO ! EXTREME4 ,NO QUE/ION ( PR9CIPLE 5T]S H]E1 BUT M]ELY ! 
REALITY ( ! SOCIAL CLASS /RUCTURE4 

,H[EV]1 ! QUE/ION POS$ IS :E!R OR NOT ! RADICAL 
ELEM5TS 9 ANTI-CAPITALI/ /RUGGLES %\LD TAKE ! 9ITIATIVE 9 ! USE ( VIOL5CE1 
9/EAD ( LEAV+ ! DECISION TO ! B\RGEOISIE & ITS M]C5>IES4 ,!RE MI<T BE 
SITUATIONS1 ( C\RSE1 :I* F9D ! B\RGEOISIE UNPREP>$ & :]E A VIOL5T CLA% 
) ITS >M$ =CES MI<T FAVOR ! REVOLUTION>IES4 ,BUT ! :OLE HI/ORY ( RADICAL 
MOVEM5TS %[S CLE>LY ?AT SU* ACCID5TAL OCCURR5CES >E ( NO AVAIL4 ,9 MILIT>Y 
T]MS1 ! B\RGEOISIE WILL ALWAYS HAVE ! UPP] H&1 UNLESS ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 
TAKES ON SU* PROPORTIONS AS TO AFFECT ! /ATE-APP>ATUS ITSELF1 BY SPLITT+ OR 
DISSOLV+ ITS >M$ =CES4 ,IT IS ONLY 9 CONJUNCTION ) GREAT MASS MOVEM5TS1 :I* 
TOTALLY DISRUPT ! SOCIAL FABRIC1 ?AT IT BECOMES POSSIBLE TO WRE/ ! MEANS ( 
SUPPRESSION & !RE) ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION FROM ! RUL+ CLASSES4 

,! FUTILITY ( BADLY-MAT*$ MILIT>Y CONFRONTATIONS HAS NOT 
BE5 ABLE TO PREV5T !M4 ,!RE DO >ISE SITUATIONS1 MOREOV]1 :]E SU* CONFRONTATIONS 
RELEASE ! TRIGG] = GREAT] ?+S & MY LEAD TO MASS MOVEM5TS1 SU* AS >E G5]ALLY 
! PRECONDITIONS = REVOLUTION>Y VIOL5CE4 ,IT IS = ?IS REASON ?AT IT IS SO 
DANG]\S TO 9SI/ UPON NONVIOL5CE & TO MAKE VIOL5CE ! EXCLUSIVE PRIVILEGE ( ! 
RUL+ CLASS4 ,BUT H]E WE SPEAK ( HI<LY CRITICAL SITUATIONS1 NOT SU* AS EXI/ PRES5TLY 
9 ! CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES1 & ALSO AB\T L>GE & SUFFICI5TLY >M$ =CES ABLE TO 
WAGE !IR /RUGGLE = A CONSID]ABLE L5G? ( TIME4 ,9 ! ABS5CE ( SU* HI<LY 
CRITICAL SITUATIONS1 SU* ACTIONS AM\NT TO NO MORE ?AN COLLECTIVE SUICIDE1 NOT UNWELCOME 
TO ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,!Y MAY BE APPRECIAT$ 9 MORAL OR EV5 ES!TIC T]M1 BUT !Y DO 
NOT S]VE ! C\RSE ( ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION1 EXCEPT BY 5T]+ 9TO REVOLUTION>Y 
FOLKLORE4 

,= REVOLUTION>IES IT IS PSY*OLOGICALLY QUITE DIFFICULT1 IF 
NOT IMPOSSIBLE1 TO RAISE !IR VOICES AGA9/ ! FUTILE APPLICATION ( 
0REVOLUTION>Y JU/ICE0 BY T]RORI/IC GR\PS & 9DIVIDUALS4 ,EV5 ,M>X1 :O 
DESPIS$ ALL =MS NIHILI/IC ACTIONS1 C\LD NOT HELP BE+ ELAT$ BY ! T]RORI/IC 
FEATS ( ! ,RUSSIAN 0,PEOPLES' ,WILL0 ,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ! C\NT]-T]ROR ( 
REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS CANNOT BE PREV5T$ BY M]E RECOGNITION ( ITS FUTILITY4 ,!IR 
P]PETRATORS >E NOT MOV$ BY ! CONVICTION ?AT !IR ACTIONS WILL LEAD DIRECTLY TO 
SOCIAL *ANGE1 BUT BY !IR 9ABILITY TO ACCEPT ! UN*ALL5G$1 ! P]PETUAL T]ROR ( 
! B\RGEOISIE UN*ALL5G$4 ,& ONCE 5GAG$ 9 ILLEGAL T]ROR1 ! LEGAL T]ROR =CES 
!M TO CONT9UE !IR ACTIVITIES UNTIL ! BITT] 5D4 ,?IS TYPE ( PEOPLE IS ITSELF 
PRODUCT ( ! CLASS-RIDD5 SOCIETY & A RESPONSE TO ITS 9CREAS+ BRUTALIZATION4 ,!RE 
IS NO S5SE 9 =M+ A CONS5SUS ) ! B\RGEOISIE & CONDEMN+ !IR ACTIVITIES 
FROM PROLET>IAN PO9T ( VIEW4 ,IT IS 5\< TO RECOGNIZE !IR FUTILITY & TO LOOK = 
MORE EFFECTIVE WAYS TO OV]COME ! EV]-PRES5T CAPITALI/ T]ROR BY ! CLASS ACTIONS ( 
! PROLET>IAT4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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