,P>T #a#a1 ,*APT] #b 
,GEORGES ,SOREL'S ,AN>*O-,M>XISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX ,PRI*>D 

,AU?OR 3 ,&Y ,MC,LAV]TY-,ROB9SON 

,AU?OR 3 ,B5OIT ,*ALL& 

,AU?OR 3 ,C>L ,LEVY 

,AU?OR 3 ,*I>A ,BOTTICI 

,TEXT 3 

,GEORGES ,SOREL'S ,CONTRIBUTION TO ,AN>*O-,M>XISM 

,R5ZO ,LLOR5TE 

,GEORGES ,SOREL'S ,AN>*O-,M>XISM 

,GEORGES ,SOREL 7#a#h#d#g-#a#i#b#b7 WAS AN IMPORTANT FIGURE 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( RADICAL LEFT-W+ !ORY DUR+ ! E>LY DECADES ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 HIS IDEAS HAV+ /RONGLY 9FLU5C$ ! WORK ( SOME MAJOR ,M>XI/ ?9K]S1 9CLUD+ ,ANTONIO ,GRAMSCI 7,LI*!IM #a#i#g#a3 #a#f2 ,MC,LELLAN #a#i#i#h3 #a#i#c71 ,GEORG ,LUKACS 7,MESZ>OS #a#i#g#b3 #b#a7 & ,JOSE ,C>LOS ,M>IATEGUI 7,G>DA ,SALVATECCI #a#i#g#i2 ,P>IS #a#i#g#h74 ,TODAY1 H[EV]1 !RE APPE>S TO BE V]Y LITTLE 9T]E/ 9 ,SOREL'S WORKS AMONG LEFT-W+ ?9K]S & COMM5TATORS1 :E!R ,M>XI/ OR AN>*I/ 9 \TLOOK4 ,?IS NEGLECT IS UN=TUNATE1 9 ?AT ,SOREL'S WORKS ADDRESS MANY ( ! C5TRAL !MES 9 EMANCIPATORY SOCIAL !ORY3 ! P]MISSIBLE USE ( VIOL5CE 9 POLITICAL /RUGGLES2 ! POSSIBILITIES & LIMITS ( P>LIAM5T>ISM2 ! ROLE ( 9TELLECTUALS 9 REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS2 ! SUITABILITY ( V>I\S REVOLUTION>Y /RATEGIES & ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURES AVAILABLE TO ! OPPRESS$2 ! CONTRA/ BETWE5 RE=M & REVOLUTION2 ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 LEFT-W+ POLITICAL P>TIES & ?OSE :OSE 9T]E/S !Y CLAIM TO REPRES5T2 ! TRANS=MATION ( ! B\RGEOIS /ATE2 & ! MORAL AIMS ( SOCIALISM4 

,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! CONTEMPOR>Y T5D5CY TO IGNORE ,SOREL IS P]HAPS NOT SO SURPRIS+ AFT] ALL1 CONSID]+ ! GREAT DIV]G5CE ( OP9ION REG>D+ ! VALUE ( ,SOREL'S CONTRIBUTION TO POLITICAL !ORY4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 !RE >E ! VIEWS ( S*OL>S & ?9K]S SU* AS ,EUG5E ,KAM5KA1 ,JOHN ,GRAY & ,JOSE ,C>LOS ,M>IATEGUI4 ,KAM5KA1 A PHILOSOPH] & ,M>X S*OL>1 RANKS ,SOREL AMONG ! 'MO/ P]CEPTIVE EXPON5TS' ( SOCIALISM 7,KAM5KA #a#i#g#g3 #a#a#i71 
:ILE ,GRAY 5DORSES ,CROCE'S DESCRIPTION ( ,SOREL AS '! MO/ ORIG9AL & IMPORTANT ,M>XI/ !ORI/ AFT] ,M>X HIMSELF' 7,GRAY #a#i#i#c3 #a-#a74.<#e#a#d.> ,= HIS P>T1 ,M>IATEGUI1 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA'S GREATE/ ,M>XI/ WRIT]1 CONSID]S ,SOREL ',M>X'S MO/ VIGOR\S FOLL[] .<CONT9UADOR.> 9444.<A.> P]IOD ( SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC P>LIAM5T>ISM' 7,M>IATEGUI #a#i#i#d3 #a#b#i#b2 MY TRANSLATION74.<#e#a#e.> ,ON ! O!R H&1 H[EV]1 ,GEORGE ,LI*!IM1 A HI/ORIAN ( ,M>XISM1 CALLS ,SOREL AN 'IRRESPONSIBLE *ATT]BOX' & A 'ROMANTIC LITT]ATEUR' 7#a#i#f#g3 #b#f#a2 #a#i#f#e3 #b#b#i1 NOTE #b71 & ,L59 HIMSELF DISMISSES ,SOREL AS A 'NOTORI\S MUDDL]' 7#a#i#g#b3 #b#i#b74 

,YET HI<LY DIV]G5T JUDGM5TS REG>D+ ,SOREL HAVE >IS5 NOT ONLY 9 CONNECTION ) ! CALIB] & VALUE ( ,SOREL'S WRIT+S2 !RE IS ALSO CONSID]ABLE DISAGREEM5T :5 IT COMES TO ! BASIC POLITICAL ORI5TATION ( HIS TEXTS3 ,DOES ,SOREL BELONG TO ! ,LEFT1 OR TO ! ,RI<T8 ,IF HIS PLACE IS AMONG !ORI/S ( ! ,LEFT1 %\LD WE 9CLUDE HIM ) ! ,M>XI/S OR ) ! AN>*I/S8 ,) RESPECT TO ! FIR/ QUE/ION1 ,I ?9K IT IS CLE>1 9 LI<T ( ,SOREL'S MO/ SIGNIFICANT POLITICAL WRIT+S1 ?AT WE \<T TO SITUATE HIM ON ! ,LEFT1 & = MY PRES5T PURPOSES WILL SIMPLY ASSUME ?AT ?OSE :O DEPICT ,SOREL AS A RI<T-W+ ?9K] >E FUNDAM5TALLY MI/AK54.<#e#a#f.> ,H[1 !N1 TO RESPOND TO ! SECOND QUE/ION8 ,:I* LABEL BE/ DESCRIBES ,SOREL--',M>XI/' OR 'AN>*I/'8 

,TO BE SURE1 9 ! ,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE1 HIS MO/ IMPORTANT WORK AS A POLITICAL !ORI/ 7FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#h71 ,SOREL UNEQUIVOCALLY ID5TIFIES HIS 5T]PRISE ) ,M>XISM1 & MO/ WORKS 9 POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY T5D TO CLASSIFY ,SOREL AS A ,M>XI/ ( SORTS 7:5 IT IS A MATT] ( *OOS+ BETWE5 'AN>*I/' & ',M>XI/' AS AN IDEOLOGICAL M>K]74.<#e#a#g.> ,YET IT IS ALSO TRUE ?AT ,SOREL HAS1 AS ,J]EMY ,J5N+S PUTS IT1 'TRADITIONALLY BE5 REG>D$ AS ONE ( ! MO/ CONTROV]SIAL FIGURES 9 ! HI/ORY ( ,M>XISM' 7,J5N+S #a#i#h#c3 #d#e#c74 ,:ILE 
!RE >E MANY FACTORS ?AT ACC\NT = ,SOREL'S CONTROV]SIAL /ATUS 9 ! HI/ORY ( ,M>XISM1 ONE REASON IS UND\BT$LY HIS DEBT TO ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON1 :OSE WORKS HAD A PR(\ND & LA/+ 9FLU5CE ON ,SOREL'S ?\<T4.<#e#a#h.> ,9 FACT1 AS ,SOREL S*OL> ,JOHN ,/ANLEY PO9TS \T1 'IT IS ,PR\DHON :O IS CIT$ MO/ FREQU5TLY 9 HIS .<,SOREL'S.> E>LY WRIT+S' 7#a#i#g#f3 #g71 & ,/ANLEY GOES ON TO CLAIM ?AT '! ?9K] :O IS CLOSE/ TO ,SOREL IS444,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON' 7#a#i#g#f3 #a#g74 ,IT IS P>TLY [+ TO ?IS AFF9ITY ?AT SOME COMM5TATORS1 SU* AS ,LI*!IM1 T5D TO CONSID] ,SOREL A ',PR\DHONI/1'.<#e#a#i.> :ILE O!RS VIEW HIM AS AN \TRI<T AN>*I/4 ,9DE$1 ,IRV+ ,L\IS ,HOR[ITZ NOT ONLY 9CLUDES A SELECTION FROM ! ,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE 9 HIS #aifd AN?OLOGY ( AN>*I/ TEXTS1 BUT ACTUALLY REF]S TO ,SOREL1 ALONG ) ,BAKUN91 ,MALATE/A & ,KROPOTK91 AS ONE ( '! CLASSICAL AN>*I/S' 7,HOR[ITZ #aifd .<A.>3 #a#g71.<#e#b.> & ,JAMES ,JOLL'S WELL-KN[N /UDY ( AN>*ISM 7#a#i#h7 ALSO CONTA9S SEV]AL PAGES DEVOT$ TO ,SOREL'S ?\<T4.<#e#b#a.> 

,:AT IS ONE TO MAKE ( SO MU* DISAGREEM5T 9 9T]PRET+ ,SOREL8 ,9 MY VIEW1 ! DISAGREEM5T & UNC]TA9TY /EM FROM ! FACT ?AT ! !ORETICAL BASIS = ! POSITION DEVELOP$ 9 ,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE IS 9 ESS5CE NEI!R ,M>XISM NOR AN>*ISM1 BUT RA!R A FAIRLY COH]5T1 IF IDIOSYNCRATIC1 V>IETY ( AN>*O-,M>XISM4.<#e#b#b.> ,ACCORD+LY1 ,I W\LD PROPOSE ! T]M 'AN>*O-,M>XISM' TO DESCRIBE ,SOREL'S P]SPECTIVE1 AS ?IS T]M IS MORE ACCURATE ?AN EI!R ',M>XISM' OR 'AN>*ISM' &1 ON ! O!R H&1 MU* MORE ILLUM9AT+1 !ORETICALLY SPEAK+1 ?AN 'AN>*O-SYNDICALISM1' ! CU/OM>Y LABEL = HIS VIEWS4 

,MY AIM 9 ! FOLL[+ PAGES IS TO SKET* ! JU/IFICATION = CON/RU+ ,SOREL'S !ORETICAL \TLOOK1 AS >TICULAT$ 9 ! ,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE1 AS FIR/ 
& =EMO/ A =M ( AN>*O-,M>XISM4 ,TO ?IS 5D1 MY PAP] FOCUSES ON F\R !MES1 OR RA!R POSITIONS1 ?AT FIGURE PROM95TLY 9 ! ,REFLECTIONS3 ANTI- /ATISM2 ! CONDEMNATION ( P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIALISM2 ! ADVOCACY ( REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM2 & DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y G5]AL /RIKE4 ,/>T+ FROM ! PREMISE ?AT ! F\R POSITIONS >E *>ACT]I/ICALLY AN>*I/ VIEWS1 ,I >GUE ?AT ,SOREL'S ADH]5CE TO !SE POSITIONS 5TAILS AN ACCEPTANCE ( SOME IMPORTANT COMPON5TS ( AN>*ISM4 ,I ALSO >GUE1 H[EV]1 ?AT MANY ,M>XI/S C\LD 5DORSE !SE SAME AN>*I/ VIEWS1 PROVID$ ?AT !Y ATTA* AS MU* IMPORTANCE AS ,SOREL DOES TO WORK]S' SELF-EMANCIPATION AS A ,M>XI/ VALUE4 ,S9CE IT TURNS \T1 !RE=E1 ?AT ,M>XI/S C\LD 5DORSE ! ,REFLECTIONS' AN>*I/ VIEWS &1 AS ,I ALSO CONT5D1 AN>*I/S C\LD ASSUME ! ,REFLECTIONS' ,M>XI/ VIEWS1 WE MAY SAFELY SAY ?AT ! ,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE BO? COMB9ES ,M>XI/ & AN>*I/ !SES & DOES SO 9 A WAY ?AT MAKES EA* GR\P'S !SES ACCEPTABLE TO ! O!R GR\P4 ,TO ! EXT5T ?AT ?IS IS ! CASE1 ,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE PROVES SUCCESSFUL AS A /ATEM5T ( AN>*O- ,M>XI/ DOCTR9E4 ,! F9AL P>T ( ! PAP] BRIEFLY CONSID]S SOME ( ! M]ITS ( ?IS P>TICUL> V>IETY1 OR MODEL1 ( AN>*O-,M>XISM4 

,BE=E TURN+ TO EA* ( ! !MES M5TION$ ABOVE1 IT WILL BE USEFUL TO REVIEW BRIEFLY ! MA9 >GUM5T 9 ! ,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE.<#e#b#c.> ,AS ! BOOK'S TITLE 9DICATES1 ,SOREL'S C5TRAL TOPIC IS VIOL5CE1 BUT ! VIOL5CE ?AT 9T]E/S ,SOREL IS A SPECIFIC MANIFE/ATION ( POLITICAL VIOL5CE1 NAMELY ! VIOL5CE ?AT WORK]S USE OR ADM9I/] 9 DO+ BATTLE ) ! B\RGEOISIE 9 /RIKES & 
MILITANT LABOR ACTIONS4 ,SOREL'S C5TRAL CLAIM HOLDS ?AT ?IS K9D ( 'PROLET>IAN VIOL5CE'--AN ABSOLUTELY 9DISP5SABLE ELEM5T ( CLASS /RUGGLE 9 HIS VIEW--IS ! MO/ EFFECTIVE ME?OD = E/ABLI%+ SOCIALISM4 

,HIS REASON+ IS AS FOLL[S4 ,FOLL[+ ,M>X1 ,SOREL ASSUMES ?AT CAPITALISM MU/ PRODUCE ! MAXIMAL DEVELOPM5T ( ! =CES ( PRODUCTION BE=E SOCIALISM BECOMES POSSIBLE2 9 O!R WORDS1 CAPITALISM WILL GIVE WAY TO SOCIALISM ONLY :5 CAPITALI/ RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION BECOME A FETT] ON ! =CES ( PRODUCTION & AN IMP$IM5T TO !IR FUR!R DEVELOPM5T4 

,CAPITALISM1 9 %ORT1 MU/ EXHAU/ ! POSSIBILITIES = DEVELOPM5T & EXPANSION ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( CAPITALI/ RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION BE=E WE CAN UND]TAKE ! TRANSITION TO SOCIALISM4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,SOREL1 CAPITALI/S1 OR ! B\RGEOISIE1 WILL BE EFFECTIVE 9 DEVELOP+ ! =CES ( PRODUCTION1 & H5CE 9 A*IEV+ ! COMPLETE DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT !Y FOCUS S+LE-M9D$LY ON MAXIMIZ+ PR(IT4 ,AN EXCLUSIVE FOCUS ON PR(IT MAXIMIZATION 5TAILS1 9 TURN1 A REFUSAL TO GRANT ANY CONCESSIONS TO ! WORK]S--E4G41 HI<] WAGES1 A R$UC$ WORKDAY1 MEASURES TO IMPROVE CONDITIONS 9 ! WORKPLACE1 EXPANSION ( EMPLOYEE B5EFITS1 OR E/ABLI%M5T ( WORK] RI<TS REQUIR+ NEW EXP5DITURES OR 9VE/M5TS--:I* MI<T HAMP] OR RET>D ! UTMO/ DEVELOPM5T ( ! =CES ( PRODUCTION4 

,:AT DOES ?IS HAVE TO DO ) VIOL5CE8 ,9 ,SOREL'S VIEW1 PROLET>IAN VIOL5CE FACILITATES ! B\RGEOISIE'S PURSUIT ( PR(IT--& ?US CONTRIBUTES TO & HA/5S ! CREATION ( SOCIALISM--BY DISSUAD+ CAPITALI/S 7& O!RS7 FROM MAK+ CONCESSIONS TO ! WORK]S4 ,= IF WORK]S UNFAIL+LY 'REPAY ) BLACK +RATITUDE ! B5EVOL5CE ( ?OSE :O WI% TO PROTECT ! WORK]S' 7#g#g2 EMPHASIS 9 ! ORIG9AL71.<#e#b#d.> ?AT IS TO SAY1 IF !Y RESPOND TO WELF>E-5HANC+ 
CONCESSIONS FROM ! B\RGEOISIE ) HEI<T5$ MILITANCY 7) NEW /RIKES 
& MORE VIOL5T RESI/ANCE71 ! CAPITALI/S WILL CONCLUDE ?AT NO?+ IS TO BE 
GA9$ BY MAK+ SU* CONCESSIONS & !Y WILL CEASE TO (F] !M4 
,CONSEQU5TLY1 9/EAD ( SQU&]+ !IR TIME1 5]GY & RES\RCES ON 
MEASURES DESIGN$ TO 5HANCE ! WORK]S' WELL-BE+1 CAPITALI/S WILL DEVOTE 
!MSELVES S+LE-M9D$LY TO ! PURSUIT ( PR(IT & ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! 
=CES ( PRODUCTION4 ,9 %ORT1 PROLET>IAN VIOL5CE1 & CONSI/5TLY MILITANT 
OPPOSITION FROM LABOR MORE G5]ALLY1 HELP TO SU/A9 ! B\RGEOISIE'S SPIRIT OR 
E?IC ( CAPITALI/ RU?LESSNESS & ANTAGONISM2 ?ANKS TO ?IS ATTITUDE ON ! 
P>T ( ! WORK]S1 CAPITALI/S REMA9 CAPITALI/S1 & >E PREV5T$ FROM 
SUCCUMB+ TO ANY ( ! IMPULSES ?AT MI<T DI/RACT !M FROM ! BUS9ESS ( 
PRODUC+ SURPLUS VALUE4 ,TO PUT ! SAME PO9T A BIT DIFF]5TLY3 ,ACTS ( 
PROLET>IAN VIOL5CE & ! WORK]S' DISPOSITION TO MEET CONCESSIONS ) 
+RATITUDE S]VE TO 'REAWAK5' ! B\RGEOISIE 'TO A S5SE ( !IR [N CLASS 
9T]E/S' 7#g#g71 !REBY RE9VIGORAT+ ! B\RGEOISIE & 'REE/ABLI%.<+.> ! 
DIVISION 9TO CLASSES' 7#h#e2 CF4 #g#h74 ,AS ,SOREL EXPLA9S1 

444PROLET>IAN VIOL5CE COMES UPON ! SC5E AT ! V]Y MOM5T :5 ! CONCEPTION ( SOCIAL PEACE CLAIMS TO MOD]ATE DISPUTES2 PROLET>IAN VIOL5CE CONF9ES EMPLOY]S TO !IR ROLE AS PRODUC]S & T5DS TO RE/ORE ! CLASS /RUCTURE JU/ :5 !Y SEEM$ ON ! PO9T ( 9T]M+L+ 9 ! DEMOCRATIC MORASS4444 ,?IS VIOL5CE COMPELS CAPITALISM TO RE/RICT ITS ATT5TIONS SOLELY TO ITS MAT]IAL ROLE & T5DS TO RE/ORE TO IT ! W>LIKE QUALITIES IT =M]LY POSSESS$4 ,A GR[+ & SOLIDLY ORGANIZ$ WORK+ CLASS CAN =CE ! CAPITALI/ CLASS TO REMA9 >D5T 9 ! 9DU/RIAL /RUGGLE2 IF A UNIT$ & REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT CONFRONTS A RI* B\RGEOISIE EAG] = CONQUE/1 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY WILL REA* ITS HI/ORICAL P]FECTION 7#g#h-#g#i74.<#e#b#e.> 

,VIOL5CE1 9 %ORT1 PROMOTES ! OPTIMAL DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM1 !REBY HELP+ TO E/ABLI% ! MAT]IAL PRECONDITIONS =1 & ACCEL]AT+ SOCIETY'S 
ADVANCE T[>D1 SOCIALISM4 ,IT IS PRECISELY = ?IS REASON ?AT PROLET>IAN VIOL5CE 'MAY SAVE ! WORLD FROM B>B>ISM' 7#h#e74.<#e#b#f.> 

,9 SUMM>IZ+ ,SOREL'S >GUM5T IT IS IMPORTANT TO EMPHASIZE ?AT HIS CONCEPT ( 'PROLET>IAN VIOL5CE' REF]S TO ACTS ( VIOL5CE FL[+ FROM ! RESI/ANCE ?AT =MS A P>T ( MILITANT /RIKES & O!R LABOR /RUGGLES 9VOLV+ 9TRANSIG5T OPPOSITION ON ! WORK]S' P>T4 ,= ,SOREL1 MOREOV]1 SU* ACTS ( VIOL5CE1 & /RIKES 9 P>TICUL>1 >E 'ACTS ( W>' 7#b#g#i71 ! W> 9 QUE/ION BE+ ! CLASS W> 7IF REVOLUTION>Y /RIKES >E 9H]5TLY VIOL5T1 IT IS PRECISELY BECAUSE !Y CON/ITUTE ACTS ( W>74 ,SOREL IS C>EFUL TO DI/+UI% ?IS TYPE ( VIOL5CE FROM ACTS ( VIOL5CE COMMITT$ BY ! /ATE3 :]EAS ! PURPOSE ( ! LATT] IS TO PRES]VE & /R5G!N ! /ATE1 PROLET>IAN OR 'SYNDICALI/' VIOL5CE CONSI/S 9 ACTS ( VIOL5CE 'P]PETRAT$ 9 ! C\RSE ( /RIKES BY PROLET>IANS :O DESIRE ! OV]?R[ ( ! ,/ATE' 7#a#h2 EMPHASIS ADD$74 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! WORK]S' VIOL5CE DOES NOT AIM AT REPLAC+ ONE 7AU?ORIT>IAN7 /ATE /RUCTURE ) ANO!R1 BUT RA!R AT DO+ AWAY ) ! /ATE ALTOGE!R1 ALONG ) ! DOM9ATION & EXPLOITATION :I* ! /ATE MAKES POSSIBLE4 

,IT IS ALSO WOR? EMPHASIZ+ ?AT ,SOREL DEF5DS PROLET>IAN VIOL5CE NOT ONLY ON ACC\NT ( ITS ROLE 9 ! CONSUMMATION ( CAPITALISM1 BUT ALSO BECAUSE ( ITS B5EFICIAL EFFECT ON ! WORK]S !MSELVES4 ,9 PREP>+ & EXECUT+ ACTS ( VIOL5CE 9 /RIKES1 PROLET>IANS DEVELOP SELF-CONFID5CE1 ACQUIRE POLITICAL 9DEP5D5CE1 DEVELOP SKILLS & ABILITIES NECESS>Y = SELF-MANAGEM5T1 & ( C\RSE GA9 GREAT] CLASS CONSCI\SNESS 7SEE1 E4G41 #g#d-#g#e74 ,& TO ! EXT5T ?AT ACTS ( PROLET>IAN VIOL5CE A*IEVE ONE ( !IR PRIM>Y PURPOSES1 NAMELY TO 'M>K ! SEP>ATION ( CLASSES' 7#a#e-#a#f71 !SE ACTS >E LIKELY TO HEI<T5 
WORK]S' MILITANCY & COMBATIV5ESS 7:I* WILL ( C\RSE 5C\RAGE CAPITALI/S TO DEVOTE !IR 5]GIES EXCLUSIVELY TO DEVELOP+ ! =CES ( PRODUCTION444:I* %\LD PROVOKE1 9 TURN1 EV5 MORE PROLET>IAN VIOL5CE74 

,YET ! GREATE/ B5EFIT ( ALL FROM ACTS ( VIOL5CE HAS TO DO ) !IR ROLE 9 PREP>+ WORK]S = A REVOLUTION>Y 7OR 'SYNDICALI/'7 G5]AL /RIKE1 AN IDEA :I*1 9 ,SOREL'S OP9ION1 'CONTA9S )9 ITSELF ! :OLE ( PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM' 7#a#e74 ,UNLIKE %E]LY POLITICAL /RIKES 7OR EV5 A POLITICAL G5]AL /RIKE71 A PROLET>IAN G5]AL /RIKE DOES NOT PRODUCE A M]E *ANGE ( GOV]NM5T1 BUT ! DE/RUCTION ( ! /ATE AS SU*3 AS ,SOREL SUCC9CTLY PUTS IT 9 ONE ( ! ,APP5DIXES 7',APOLOGY = ,VIOL5CE'7 TO ,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE1 ! REVOLUTION>Y OR PROLET>IAN G5]AL /RIKE 9VOLVES 'AN OV]?R[ 9 ! C\RSE ( :I* BO? EMPLOY]S & ! ,/ATE WILL BE REMOV$ BY ! ORGANIZ$ PRODUC]S' 7#b#g#i-#b#h74 ,BESIDES BE+ ! EV5T ?AT PUTS AN 5D TO CAPITALISM1 ! G5]AL /RIKE IS IMPORTANT 9S(> AS IT FUNCTIONS AS A MY? = REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S4 ,= ,SOREL1 MY?S >E 'EXPRESSIONS ( A WILL TO ACT' 7#b#h71 COMPELL+ IMAGES & CONCEPTIONS ( A 7FUTURE7 COLLECTIVE 5T]PRISE ?AT S]VE TO 9SPIRE1 MOTIVATE & MOBILIZE ! ACTORS :O WILL BE 5GAG$ 9 ?IS V]Y 5T]PRISE4.<#e#b#g.> ,MY?S >E1 TO BORR[ ,LI*!IM'S APT DESCRIPTION1 '! PRODUCT ( A COLLECTIVE WILL- TO-BELIEVE' & 'A PROPHETIC ANTICIPATION ( ?AT :I* IS TO COME' 7,LI*!IM #a#i#g#a3 #a#a#h2 #a#a#b74.<#e#b#h.> ,SOREL MA9TA9S ?AT ONLY ?OSE :O EMBRACE SOME SU* MY? WILL PROVE CAPABLE ( GREAT 5DEAVORS 7SEE1 E4G41 #a#d71 & IT IS ! 'MY?' ( ! G5]AL /RIKE1 ! V]Y IDEA ( :I* 'PRODUCES AN 5TIRELY EPIC /ATE ( 
M9D' 7#b#e71 :I* S]VES AS AN 9DISP5SABLE 9SPIRATION & MOTIVATION = ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]4.<#e#b#i.> 

,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE IS A SOME:AT ECC5TRIC & HI<LY UNEV5 WORK4 

,IT CONTA9S 9CISIVE ANALYZES ( TR5DS & DEVELOPM5TS 9 F9-DE-SIECLE SOCIALISM1 & MANY PROVOCATIVE >GUM5TS CONC]N+ ! /RUGGLE = SOCIALISM4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ,SOREL'S TEXT IS (T5 ME&]+1 & HIS REASON+ EXASP]AT+LY QUIRKY4 ,:AT IS MORE1 SOME ( HIS PR9CIPAL !SES >E UND5IABLY UNSETTL+4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,SOREL'S APPROA* TO ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS IS1 AS WE HAVE SE51 AN 9COMP>ABLY ROBU/ V]SION ( ,! WORSE1 ! BETT]1 ALBEIT CA/ 9 ! =M ( ,! BETT]1 ! WORSE3 ! MORE WELF>E-5HANC+ CONCESSIONS ! WORK]S EXACT FROM CAPITAL1 ! POOR] ! PROSPECTS = !IR EMANCIPATION4 7,SOREL'S DEF5SE ( ?IS VIEWPO9T IS1 ,I W\LD SUGGE/1 ONE ( ! *IEF REASONS ?AT ! ,REFLECTIONS 'REMA9S A PR(\NDLY DI/URB+ BOOK1' AS ,J5N+S SAYS 9 HIS ',9TRODUCTION' TO ! TEXT 7#a#i#i#i3 XXI74 

,9 ANY EV5T1 :ILE ,SOREL'S ,REFLECTIONS RAISE NUM]\S QUE/IONS1 ,I W\LD LIKE TO FOCUS ON ! BOOK'S FUNDAM5TAL POLITICAL ORI5TATION1 :I*1 AS ,I %ALL TRY TO DEMON/RATE1 IS BE/ 9T]PRET$ AS A V>IETY ( AN>*O-,M>XISM4 ,MY REM>KS WILL DEAL MA9LY ) ! AN>*I/ DIM5SION ( ! ,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE1 = TWO REASONS4 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 AS ,I 9DICATE BEL[1 IT IS1 ,I BELIEVE1 MORE DIFFICULT = ,M>XI/S TO ASSUME ,SOREL'S PROP]LY 'AN>*I/' COMMITM5TS ?AN IT IS = AN>*I/S TO ASSUME HIS ESS5TIALLY ',M>XI/' VIEWS4 ,SECONDLY1 ! FACT IS ?AT ,SOREL IS MO/ (T5 CLASSIFI$1 AS NOT$ E>LI]1 AS1 IF ANY?+1 A ,M>XI/ ( SORTS1 H[EV] IDIOSYNCRATIC HIS 9T]PRETATION ( ,M>XISM MAY TURN \T TO BE4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ! ID5TIFICATION ( ,SOREL ) ,M>XISM IS SOME:AT LESS CONTROV]SIAL ?AN HIS ASSIMILATION TO AN>*ISM4 ,S9CE MY DISCUSSION C5T]S 
MA9LY ON ! 'AN>*I/ ,SOREL1' LET ME FIR/ SUMM>IZE V]Y BRIEFLY ! GR\NDS = REG>D+ ,SOREL AS A ,M>XI/4 

,TO BEG9 )1 ONE CAN H>DLY IGNORE ! V>I\S PASSAGES 9 ! ,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE 9 :I* ,SOREL EXPRESSLY AFFIRMS ! ,M>XI/ AFFILIATION ( ! 'NEW S*OOL' ( !ORI/S TO :I* HE BELONGS 7SEE1 E4G41 #d71 LEAV+ LITTLE D\BT AS TO ! TRADITION 9 :I* HE SITUATES HIMSELF4.<#e#c.> ,MORE IMPORTANT1 ,SOREL EXPLICITLY 5DORSES MANY ,M>XI/ !SES & ASSUMPTIONS 7A FEW ( :I* HAVE ALREADY BE5 NOT$7 OV] ! C\RSE ( HIS ,REFLECTIONS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,SOREL ACCEPTS MANY ( ,M>X'S C5TRAL ASSUMPTIONS REG>D+ ! MAT]IAL PRECONDITIONS = SOCIALISM & ! PHILOSOPHY ( HI/ORY2 HE AGREES ) ,M>X'S EMPHASIS ON ! C5TRALITY ( CLASS /RUGGLE 9 SOCIAL LIFE 7& DEVELOPM5T71 & ITS ROLE 9 ! /RUGGLE = SOCIALISM2 LIKE ,M>X1 ,SOREL VIEWS ! /ATE AS AN 9/RUM5T ( CLASS DOM9ATION & ADVOCATES ITS ABOLITION2 HE REJECTS & IS DISMISSIVE ( UTOPIAS & SOCIALI/ UTOPIANISM2 ,SOREL ACKN[L$GES1 LIKE ,M>X1 ! PRIMACY ( PRODUCTION1 AS ?IS NOTION IS UND]/OOD 9 HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM2 HE1 TOO1 AFFIRMS ! DESIRABILITY ( A CATACLYSMIC SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION ?AT ABOLI%ES CAPITALISM ONCE & = ALL1 & ! IMPORTANCE ( HELP+ WORK]S TO BR+ IT AB\T2 AS ) ,M>X1 ,SOREL 5VISIONS SOCIALI/ SOCIETY AS A CLASSLESS SOCIAL ORD] 9 :I* ! =CES ( PRODUCTION >E COLLECTIVELY [N$1 & 
MANAG$ BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES2 &1 F9ALLY1 ,SOREL1 LIKE ,M>X1 /UBBORNLY 
ADH]ES TO ! PR9CIPLE ( PROLET>IAN SELF-EMANCIPATION4.<#e#c#a.> ,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 IT IS PRECISELY BECAUSE ( ,SOREL'S COMMITM5T TO ,M>X'S ESS5TIAL VIEWS & DOCTR9ES--OR RA!R :AT ,SOREL TAKES !M TO BE--?AT HE D5\NCES '! ANTI-,M>XI/ TRANS=MATION :I* CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIALISM IS UND]GO+' 7#g#c71.<#e#c#b.> & ALSO = ?IS REASON ?AT ! ,REFLECTIONS L>GELY TAKE ! =M ( A POLEMIC 
AGA9/ DI/ORTIONS OR 7NEUTRALIZ+7 CORRUPTIONS ( ,M>XISM ATTRIBUTABLE TO WRIT]S :O CLAIM AN ALLEGIANCE TO ,M>X4 

,BUT :AT AB\T AN>*ISM8 ,AS IT TURNS \T1 9 ADDITION TO HIS 5?USIA/IC 5DORSEM5T ( NUM]\S ,M>XI/ VIEWS1 ,SOREL ALSO DEF5DS SOME ESS5TIALLY & 9DISPUTABLY AN>*I/ POSITIONS 9 ! PAGES ( ! ,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE4 
,I WILL M5TION F\R ( !M 

,! FIR/ PLA9LY AN>*I/ POSITION TO NOTE IS ,SOREL'S UNCOMPROMIS+ ANTI- /ATISM4 ,SOREL ADVOCATES ! ABOLITION ( ! /ATE1 & HE REG>DS ! ABOLITION ( ! /ATE AS A CONDITION ( ! REVOLUTION1 OR RA!R AS A MEASURE ?AT CO9CIDES ) ! OV]?R[ ( CAPITALISM1 & NOT AS A MORE OR LESS DI/ANT OCCURR5CE RESULT+ FROM A PROCESS ( 'WI!R+ AWAY4' ,9DE$1 ! GOAL ( ! G5]AL /RIKE1 & H5CE ! ULTIMATE 5D ( PROLET>IAN VIOL5CE1 IS NO?+ O!R ?AN ! SUPPRESSION OR DE/RUCTION ( ! /ATE 7#a#h2 #a#g2 #a#f#a71 OR AS ,SOREL WRITES 9 ONE PASSAGE1 ! ELIM9ATION ( 'BO? EMPLOY]S & ! ,/ATE' 7#b#g#i74 

,SIGNIFICANTLY1 ?IS UNCOMPROMIS+ /ANCE VIS-A-VIS ! /ATE LEADS ,SOREL TO REJECT '! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT'--A PR9CIPLE :I*1 ACCORD+ TO ,L591 CON/ITUTES '! V]Y ESS5CE ( ,M>X'S DOCTR9E' 7,L59 #a#i#g#dB3 #b#c#c2 ITALICS 9 ! ORIG9AL74.<#e#c#c.> ,! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT W\LD1 ,SOREL MA9TA9S1 P]PETUATE A DIVISION BETWE5 'MA/]S' & 'S]VANTS' 7#a#f#c71 & IS !RE=E UNACCEPTABLE4 

,A SECOND ESS5TIALLY AN>*I/ POSITION ADVANC$ 9 ! ,REFLECTIONS IS ! CONDEMNATION ( P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIALISM4 ,SOREL /RESSES TIME & AGA9 9 ?IS WORK ! 9H]5TLY ANTI-REVOLUTION>Y1 CONS]VATIVE NATURE ( P>LIAM5T>Y 9/ITUTIONS1 & !IR BANEFUL EFFECT ON SOCIALI/S WILL+ TO S]VE !SE 9/ITUTIONS4 ,HE ACKN[L$GES ?AT ! AN>*I/S W]E CORRECT 9 W>N+ ?AT 
P>TICIPATION 9 B\RGEOIS 9/ITUTIONS1 ) ITS EXPOSURE TO B\RGEOIS 9FLU5CES1 W\LD LEAD TO A POLITICAL EMB\RGEOISEM5T ( REVOLUTION>IES 7#c#d74 ,! '(FICIAL SOCIALI/S' 7,SOREL'S T]M = P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIALI/S7 'BOA/ TO ! GOV]NM5T & TO ! RI* B\RGEOISIE ( !IR ABILITY TO MOD]ATE REVOLUTION1' = 
P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIALISM BASICALLY 'SELLS PEACE ( M9D TO ! CONS]VATIVES' 7#f#g2 
EMPHASIS 9 ! ORIG9AL74.<#e#c#d.> ,A REVOLUTION ?AT BR\<T (FICIAL SOCIALI/S TO P[] W\LD *ANGE LITTLE 7#h#c71 S9CE P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIALI/S DESIRE ABOVE ALL TO PRES]VE1 & IF POSSIBLE EXP&1 !IR [N P[] 7& ?AT ( ! P>TIES !Y REPRES5T71 & ?IS OBJECTIVE PRESUPPOSES ! PRES]VATION & =TIFICATION ( ! /ATE4 ,PROLET>IAN VIOL5CE1 C>RI$ \T 9 ! PROP] FA%ION1 WILL PUT AN 5D TO P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIALISM1 :I* IS PLA9LY ONE ( ! REASONS ?AT ! P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIALI/S !MSELVES CONDEMN IT 7#g#i2 #a#a#h-#a#a#i74 

,A ?IRD AN>*I/ POSITION CAN BE F\ND 9 ,SOREL'S ESP\SAL ( REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! DOCTR9E ( REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM1 AUTONOM\S TRADE UNIONS1 ACT+ 9DEP5D5TLY ( POLITICAL P>TIES & 9/ITUTIONS1 MU/ BE BO? ! AG5T ( REVOLUTION & ! FUNDAM5TAL ORGANIZATIONAL COMPON5TS ( ! FUTURE SOCIALI/ SOCIETY1 UND]/OOD AS AN >RANGEM5T 9 :I* !SE BODIES WILL CONTROL PRODUCTION4 ,UNLIKE P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIALISM1 REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM IS RESOLUTELY OPPOS$ TO ! /ATE1 :I* IT AIMS TO DE/ROY 7#a#g2 #a#h74 ,FUR!RMORE1 SYNDICALISM IS--AGA91 UNLIKE P>LIAM5T>ISM--:AT ,SOREL CALLS A 'GREAT $UCATIVE =CE1' AS IT TEA*ES WORK]S TO RESI/ CAPITALISM1 :ILE ALSO PREP>+ !M = !IR ROLE 9 ! SOCIALI/ FUTURE1 ) ITS WORK]-MANAG$ SY/EM ( PRODUCTION 7#b#d#c2 #a#b#f74 

,! F9AL IMPORTANT AN>*I/ POSITION ?AT ,SOREL *AMPIONS 9 ! ,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE IS A COMMITM5T TO ! REVOLUTION>Y OR SYNDICALI/ 7OR 
PROLET>IAN7 G5]AL /RIKE4 ,?IS =M ( /RIKE IS1 ,SOREL 9SI/S1 V]Y DIFF]5T FROM A M]ELY 'POLITICAL /RIKE' 7:E!R OR NOT IT IS 'POLITICAL G5]AL /RIKE'74 ,! LATT] DOES NOT PRESUPPOSE1 AS DOES ! PROLET>IAN G5]AL /RIKE1 AN ABSOLUTE CLASS CONFRONTATION BETWE5 ! B\RGEOISIE & ! PROLET>IAT 7#a#e#a74 ,NOR DO M]ELY 'POLITICAL' /RIKES POSE ANY FUNDAM5TAL ?REAT TO POLITICIANS 7#a#d#g71 S9CE !Y AIM AT RE=MS & IMPROVEM5TS )9 ! EXI/+ SOCIO-POLITICAL ORD]1 :OSE FUNDAM5TAL LEGITIMACY REMA9S UNQUE/ION$ BY ?OSE :O ORGANIZE & C>RY \T 'POLITICAL /RIKES4' ,! REVOLUTION>Y OR PROLET>IAN G5]AL /RIKE1 ON ! O!R H&1 '5TAILS ! CONCEPTION ( AN IRREVOCABLE OV]?R[' 7#b#h#a71 FOLL[$ BY ! CREATION ( A NEW CIVILIZATION 7#b#h74 ,S9CE ! CONCEPT ( ! REVOLUTION>Y G5]AL /RIKE ALSO 9CLUDES ! DEF9ITIVE DEFEAT ( ! B\RGEOISIE & ! DE/RUCTION ( ! /ATE1 IT IS AN 'IDEA444.<:I*.> CONTA9S )9 ITSELF ! :OLE ( PROLET>IAN SOCIALISM' 7#a#e2 CF4 #a#a2 #a#a#c2 & #a#a#h74 

,EA* ( ! F\R POSITIONS ?AT ,I HAVE M5TION$ CON/ITUTES EI!R AN ESS5TIAL AN>*I/ COMMITM5T 7ANTI-/ATISM1 ! REJECTION OR P>LIAM5T>ISM71 
OR A POSITION ?AT HAS BE5 DEF5D$ & EMBRAC$ MA9LY BY AN>*I/S 
7REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM1 ! G5]AL /RIKE71.<#e#c#e.> OR BO? 7ANTI-/ATISM & ! REJECTION ( P>LIAM5T>ISM74 ,9DE$1 SOME MAJOR AN>*I/S1 SU* AS ,RUDOLPH ,ROCK] & ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 HOLD ALL F\R POSITIONS 7SEE ,ROCK] #aihi & ,GOLDMAN #a#i#g#b74.<#e#c#f.> ,AT ANY RATE1 EV5 ?OSE AN>*I/S :O REJECT REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM & ! G5]AL /RIKE W\LD SURELY ACKN[L$GE ?AT !SE POSITIONS >E NOT FUNDAM5TALLY AT ODDS ) ESS5TIAL AN>*I/ VALUES4 ,ACCORD+LY1 JU/ AS FEW ,M>XI/S W\LD DISMISS AS ESS5TIALLY UN- OR ANTI- ,M>XI/ ANY ( ! ',M>XI/' POSITIONS 7LI/$ ABOVE7 ?AT ,SOREL DEF5DS1 FEW 
AN>*I/S W\LD DISMISS AS UN- OR ANTI-AN>*I/ ANY ( ! 'AN>*I/' POSITIONS ?AT HE DEF5DS4 

,SO1 9 ,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE WE F9D A NUMB] ( /&>D ,M>XI/ POSITIONS1 ALONGSIDE A NUMB] ( /&>D AN>*I/ POSITIONS4 ,ONE MI<T BE 9CL9$ TO CONCLUDE1 ON ! BASIS ( MY REM>KS & GIV5 ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ,M>XISM & AN>*ISM1 ?AT ! RESULT IS A RA!R 9COH]5T AMALGAM1 OR AT BE/ A V]Y UN/ABLE SYN!SIS ( TWO POLITICAL DOCTR9ES WIDELY BELIEV$ TO BE GROSSLY 9COMPATIBLE ) EA* O!R4 ,AS IT TURNS \T1 H[EV]1 ,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE IS ACTUALLY FAIRLY SUCCESSFUL AS A MODEL ( AN>*O- ,M>XISM1 [+ TO ! FACT ?AT AN>*I/S C\LD EMBRACE ,SOREL'S ,M>XI/ COMMITM5TS1 :ILE ,M>XI/S C\LD EMBRACE HIS AN>*I/ COMMITM5TS4.<#e#c#g.> 

,LET ME BEG9 ) FIR/ ( !SE LA/ TWO CLAIMS4 ,IT IS1 ,I BELIEVE1 ! CASE ?AT AN>*I/S C\LD SUBSCRIBE TO ALL ( ! !SES & VIEWS ?AT MAKE ,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE A ',M>XI/' TEXT1 OR AT LEA/ TO ?OSE M5TION$ E>LI]4 ,RECALL ?AT !SE W]E3 I7 ,M>X'S VIEW ( ! MAT]IAL PRECONDITIONS = SOCIALISM2 II7 HIS P]SPECTIVE ON ! ROLE ( CLASS /RUGGLE 9 SOCIAL EVOLUTION & ! /RUGGLE = SOCIALISM2 III7 ,M>X'S CONCEPT ( ! /ATE AS AN 9/RUM5T ( CLASS DOM9ATION1 & HIS BELIEF ?AT IT MU/1 !RE=E1 BE ABOLI%$2 IV7 ,M>X'S DISMISSIVE ATTITUDE T[>D SOCIALI/ UTOPIANISM2 V7 ,M>X'S EMPHASIS ON ! 'PRIMACY ( PRODUCTION'2 VI7 ,M>X'S SUPPORT = A CATACLYSMIC SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION1 :I* ONE %\LD HELP ! WORK]S TO BR+ AB\T2 VII7 ,M>X'S CONCEPTION ( SOCIALI/ SOCIETY AS A CLASSLESS SOCIAL ORD] 9 :I* ! =CES ( PRODUCTION >E COLLECTIVELY [N$1 & MANAG$ BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES2 & VIII7 ,M>X'S COMMITM5T TO PROLET>IAN SELF-EMANCIPATION4 ,IF ,I AM CORRECT 9 CLAIM+ ?AT AN>*I/S C\LD 5DORSE ALL ( !SE VIEWS1 & H5CE BO? ! AN>*I/ & ,M>XI/ 
COMMITM5TS PRES5T 9 ! ,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE1 IT IS DIFFICULT TO UND]/& H[ !Y C\LD REJECT1 9 G5]AL T]MS1 ,SOREL'S AN>*O-,M>XISM4 

,:AT AB\T ,M>XI/S8 ,C\LD !Y SUBSCRIBE TO ,SOREL'S AN>*I/ !SES & VIEWS1 OR AT LEA/ TO ?OSE DISCUSS$ ABOVE8 ,?IS IS1 9 MY VIEW1 ! MA9 ISSUE 9 ASSESS+ ! 'SUCCESS' ( ,SOREL'S AN>*O-,M>XISM4 ,ONE MI<T NATURALLY APPROA* ! ISSUE BY EXAM9+ ! WORKS ( MORE MA9/REAM ,M>XI/ !ORI/S & ?9K]S1 !REBY DET]M9+ :E!R OR NOT O!R MANY O!R ,M>XI/S HAVE 5DORS$ ! AN>*I/ VIEWS DEF5D$ BY ,SOREL4 ,I WILL1 H[EV]1 FOLL[ A DIFF]5T APPROA*1 :I* CONSI/S 9 CONSID]+ ,SOREL'S /AT$ RATIONALE = DEF5D+ POSITIONS ?AT >E ALMO/ 9V>IABLY ASSOCIAT$ ) AN>*I/S4 ,?IS APPROA* SEEMS ESPECIALLY APPROPRIATE1 CONSID]+ ?AT ,SOREL HIMSELF CONCEIVES ( ! ,REFLECTIONS AS A NON-DOGMATIC DEVELOPM5T & UPDAT+ ( ,M>X'S !ORIES1 BUT ONE ?AT RECOV]S1 & DRAWS ITS 9SPIRATION FROM1 ! MO/ ESS5TIAL & AU!NTIC ELEM5TS 9 ,M>X'S ?\<T 7E4G41 #a#b74 

,LET US BEG9 ) ,SOREL'S COMMITM5T TO REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM1 :I* HE CLAIMS IS 'ON ! TRUE ,M>XI/ TRACK' 7#a#c#b74 ,CAN ONE MAKE A PLAUSIBLE ,M>XI/ CASE = REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM1.<#e#c#h.> A DOCTR9E ?AT IS USUALLY SYNONYM\S ) AN>*O-SYNDICALISM8 

,= MO/ ,M>XI/S1 REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM APPE>S SUSPECT1 & 
IMPOSSIBLE TO EMBRACE1 [+ TO ITS DECID$LY ANTI-POLITICAL *>ACT]3.<#e#c#i.> REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM REJECTS POLITICAL P>TIES1 CONDEMNS P>TICIPATION 9 P>LIAM5T OR COLLABORATION ) GOV]NM5TAL 9/ITUTIONS1 ETC4 ,?IS /ANCE1 :I* GIVES ECONOMIC /RUGGLE ABSOLUTE PRIORITY OV] POLITICAL ACTIVITY1 IS ANA!MA TO MO/ ,M>XI/S1 :O TYPICALLY ACCORD PRIMACY TO POLITICAL ACTIVITY4.<#e#d.> 

,SOREL1 LIKE ! AN>*I/S1 9SI/S ON ! PRIMACY ( ECONOMIC /RUGGLE 7MILITANT 9ITIATIVES 9 ! WORKPLACE1 /RIKES1 9DU/RIAL MOBILIZATIONS1 DIRECT *ALL5GES TO EMPLOY]S' DOM9ATION1 ETC471 BUT HE SUGGE/S1 9 EFFECT1 ?AT ?IS IS 9 REALITY ! MORE AU!NTICALLY ,M>XI/ VIEW4.<#e#d#a.> ,= ,SOREL ATTA*ES EXTREME IMPORTANCE TO PROLET>IAN SELF-EMANCIPATION1 & ?IS PR9CIPLE1 SO C5TRAL TO ! 
,M>XI/ \TLOOK1.<#e#d#b.> CAN PLAUSIBLY BE CON/RU$ AS PROVID+ W>RANT = PRIVILEG+ ECONOMIC /RUGGLE OV] POLITICAL /RUGGLE4 ,AFT] ALL1 IF ONE ADH]ES TO ! PR9CIPLE ?AT ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS MU/ TAKE ! =M ( SELFEMANCIPATION1 & ! SPH]E 9 :I* WORK]S 5JOY ! BE/ PROSPECTS = EX]CIS+ !IR COLLECTIVE AG5CY IS 9 ! ECONOMIC REALM 7I4E41 9 ! WORLD ( PRODUCTION71 !N IT IS H>DLY UNREASONABLE TO EMBRACE SOME?+ LIKE REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM1 ) ITS EMPHASIS ON 9DU/RIAL AGITATION1 DIRECT ACTION1 & MOBILIZATION ( ! RANK & FILE4 ,FUR!RMORE1 SELF-EMANCIPATION REQUIRES A C]TA9 DEGREE OR LEVEL ( WORK] MILITANCY1 A PO9T ?AT ,M>X 9SI/S ON1 ACCORD+ TO ,SOREL3 ',M>X WI%ES US TO UND]/&1' WRITES ,SOREL1 '?AT ! :OLE PREP>ATION ( ! PROLET>IAT DEP5DS SOLELY UPON ! ORGANIZATION ( A /UBBORN1 9CREAS+ & PASSIONATE RESI/ANCE TO ! PRES5T ORD] ( ?+S' 7#a#b#f74 ,IF ?IS SPIRIT ( RESI/ANCE IS AS DECISIVE AS ,SOREL SAYS1 & REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM PROMOTES & SU/A9S ?IS SPIRIT 7OR MORALE7 BETT] ?AN RIVAL DOCTR9ES1 !N P]HAPS IT REALLY IS ! CASE ?AT REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM AF=DS WORK]S A 'TRULY PROLET>IAN IDEOLOGY' 7#b#b#f74 

,LET US TURN N[ TO ,SOREL'S IMPASSION$ DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y G5]AL /RIKE4 ,:ILE IT IS TRUE ?AT ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG ONCE WROTE ?AT ! /RIKE IS '! EXT]NAL =M ( /RUGGLE = SOCIALISM' 7,LUXEMBURG #b#d3 #c#f#h71 ,M>XI/S HAVE G5]ALLY ATTA*$ CONSID]ABLY LESS IMPORTANCE TO /RIKES1.<#e#d#c.> & ! 
NOTION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y G5]ALLY /RIKE1 FIR/ POPUL>IZ$ BY ,BAKUN9ITES 7,HYMAN #a#i#h#c3 #d#g2 ,JOLL #a#i#h3 #a#g#i71 HAS ALMO/ 9V>IABLY BE5 ASSOCIAT$ ) AN>*I/ DOCTR9ES & MOVEM5TS4 ,9DE$1 ! ,G]MAN TRADE UNION LEAD]S ( ,SOREL'S DAY1 :OSE VIEWS W]E %AP$ TO ONE DEGREE OR ANO!R BY ! ',M>XISM' UPHELD BY ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY1 W]E GIV5 TO SAY+ ?AT ',G5]AL ,/RIKE IS ,G5]AL ,NONS5SE' 7,JOLL #a#i#h3#a#i#c74.<#e#d#d.> ,YET ,SOREL ACTUALLY HOLDS ?AT '! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( ,M>XISM >E P]FECTLY 9TELLIGIBLE ONLY ) ! AID ( ! PICTURE ( ! G5]AL /RIKE &1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! FULL SIGNIFICANCE ( ?IS PICTURE4IS ONLY APP>5T TO ?OSE DEEPLY V]S$ 9 ,M>XI/ DOCTR9E' 7#a#b#b74 ,MOREOV]1 9 SEV]AL PASSAGES 9 ! ,REFLECTIONS HE UND]SCORES ALLEG$ SIMIL>ITIES & AFF9ITIES BETWE5 ! ,M>XISM'S G5]AL !ORETICAL FRAMEWORK & ?AT :I* JU/IFIES ! REVOLUTION>Y G5]AL /RIKE 7#a#b2 #a#c-#a74 ,:AT >E !SE ALLEG$ SIMIL>ITIES & AFF9ITIES8 

,FIR/ ( ALL1 ! REVOLUTION>Y G5]AL /RIKE1 LIKE ,M>X'S REVOLUTION1 IS A 'CATA/ROPHIC' OCCURR5CE--,SOREL USES 'CATA/ROPHE' OR 'CATA/ROPHIC' MANY TIMES 9 CONNECTION ) ! G5]AL /RIKE 7SEE1 E4G4 #a#b#f2 #a#d2 & #a#h#b7.<#e#d#e.>--:I* EVOKES & SYMBOLIZES1 BUT ALSO PRECIPITATES ! PASSAGE FROM CAPITALISM TO SOCIALISM1 & ?US FROM OPPRESSION TO LIB]ATION4 ,[+ TO ! AWESOME1 EPIC IMAGES ?AT IT CONJURES UP1 ! 'CATA/ROPHIC' NOTION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y G5]AL /RIKE S]VES1 MU* LIKE ,M>X'S CONCEPT ( SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION1 TO 9SPIRE & MOTIVATE WORK]S 7:I* IS :Y ,SOREL REG>DS BO? ! G5]AL /RIKE & ',M>X'S CATA/ROPHIC REVOLUTION' AS 'MY?S' 7#b774 ,:AT IS MORE1 ',IT IS ?R\< /RIKES .<9CLUD+ ! G5]AL /RIKE.> ?AT ! PROLET>IAT ASS]TS ITS EXI/5CE' 7#b#g#i73 ! /RIKE IS ! ME?OD OR /RATEGY ( /RUGGLE MO/ READILY AVAILABLE TO ! WORK]S1 & SO !Y NATURALLY USE /RIKES 9 ORD] TO EM]GE FROM 
9VISIBILITY1 E/ABLI% !IR SOCIAL PRES5CE1 & EXPRESS !IR NE$S & DEM&S4 7,FUR!RMORE1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT !SE ACTIONS >E ACCOMPANI$ BY1 OR RA!R GIVE RISE TO1 A NEW CLASS CONSCI\SNESS AMONG ! WORK]S1 IT MAY ALSO BE SAID ?AT /RIKES HELP ! PROLET>IAT TO BECOME A 'CLASS = ITSELF4'7 ,9 ?IS S5SE1 AN 9SI/5CE ( ! SUPREME POLITICAL VALUE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y G5]AL /RIKE1 & /RIKES MORE G5]ALLY1 SEEMS TO FOLL[ QUITE /RAI<T=W>DLY FROM AN UNQUALIFI$ COMMITM5T TO PROLET>IAN SELF-EMANCIPATION4 ,IF ,M>X HIMSELF DOES NOT APPRECIATE ?IS1 IT IS1 ,SOREL SUGGE/S1 P>TLY BECAUSE ,M>X GAVE LITTLE ?\<T TO ! ACTUAL ORGANIZATION ( WORK]S = REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE 7#a#f#i71 & P>TLY BECAUSE HE C\LD NOT POSSIBLY HAVE =ESE5 DEVELOPM5TS ?AT OCCURR$ AFT] HIS DEA?1 DEVELOPM5TS :I* MAKE IT CLE> ?AT ADOPTION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y G5]AL /RIKE AS A POLITICAL /RATEGY REPRES5TS A CORRECT ADAPTATION ( ,M>XI/ ?\<T TO CONTEMPOR>Y REALITIES 7#b#a#c74 

,AS = ANTI-P>LIAM5T>ISM1.<#e#d#f.> IT W\LD ALSO SEEM CLE> ?AT ,SOREL CAN D]IVE HIS POSITION FROM A B$ROCK COMMITM5T TO PROLET>IAN SELF-EMANCIPATION1 9 ?AT P>LIAM5T>ISM SUB/ITUTES M$IATION & REPRES5TATION = ! WORK]S' [N ACTIVITY & 9ITIATIVES1 & ALSO FO/]S PASSIVITY AMONG !M4 ,= !SE REASONS1 ! ACCEPTANCE ( P>LIAM5T>ISM SEEMS BE AT ODDS ) ! PR9CIPLE ( SELF-EMANCIPATION4 ,:AT IS MORE1 P>LIAM5T>ISM IS1 ON ,SOREL'S VIEW1 9H]5TLY DE-RADICALIZ+ & CORRUPT+2 9 A WORD1 AN OB/ACLE TO CLASS /RUGGLE & REVOLUTION4 ,AS NOT$ ABOVE1 ,SOREL CONT5DS ?AT REVOLUTION>IES & RADICALS :O P>TICIPATE 9 P>LIAM5T 9EVITABLY 5D UP DEVOT+ !MSELVES TO 'PRES]V+.> ! OLD CULT ( ! /ATE' 7#a#c71 FROM :I* !Y B5EFIT1 & LIMIT !MSELVES TO 'ATTACK.<+.> ! M5 9 P[] RA!R ?AN P[] ITSELF' 7#a#g74 ,IF '(FICIAL SOCIALI/S' >E UNABLE TO UND]/& PROLET>IAN VIOL5CE1 IT 
IS PRECISELY BECAUSE ! P]PETRATORS ( ?IS VIOL5CE WI% NOT TO TAKE OV] ! /ATE1 BUT RA!R TO ELIM9ATE IT 7#a#h-#a#i74 

,?IS BR+S US1 LA/LY1 TO ,SOREL'S RADICAL ANTI-/ATISM1 :I* REPRES5TS AN ESS5TIALLY AN>*I/ P]SPECTIVE ON ! ABOLITION ( ! /ATE3 ! SUPPRESSION ( ! /ATE IS TO CO9CIDE ) ! ADV5T ( ! REVOLUTION1 & CON/ITUTES A NECESS>Y CONDITION ( ITS SUCCESS4 '.<,T.>H]E IS AN ABSOLUTE OPPOSITION BETWE5 REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM & ! ,/ATE' 7#a#h71 WRITES ,SOREL1 MAK+ IT CLE> ?AT HE DEP>TS FROM ,M>XI/ OR?ODOXY :5 IT COMES TO ! FATE ( ! /ATE FOLL[+ ! REVOLUTION4 ,SOREL SEEMS TO ASSUME1 H[EV]1 ?AT TO 9SI/ ON ! ABOLITION ( ! /ATE AS A CONDITION ( ! REVOLUTION IS 9 FACT MORE CONSI/5T ) ,M>X'S BASIC \TLOOK1 9ASMU* AS ,M>X HELD ?AT '! SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION \<T NOT TO CULM9ATE 9 ! REPLACEM5T ( ONE GOV]N+ M9ORITY BY ANO!R' 7#a#g74 7,RECALL ?AT ,SOREL REJECTS ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT BECAUSE IT W\LD P]PETUATE A DIVISION BETWE5 'MA/]S' & 'S]VANTS' 7#a#f#c747 ,YET :E!R OR NOT IT IS TRUE ?AT ONE CAN F9D 9 'AU!NTIC' ,M>XISM ?IS TYPE ( JU/IFICATION = A POSITION ?AT IS 9 ESS5CE ! AN>*I/ VIEW ON ! /ATE1 ONE C\LD PRESUMABLY ALSO APPEAL TO ! PR9CIPLE ( WORK]S' SELF-EMANCIPATION 9 ORD] TO JU/IFY ! SAME POSITION4 ,AFT] ALL1 ! MA9 IMP$IM5T TO SELFEMANCIPATION 7AS WELL AS SELF-EMANCIPATION7 IS ! /ATE1 9S(> AS IT UPHOLDS ! EMPLOY]S' 9T]E/S & S]VES AS !IR 9/RUM5T ( DOM9ATION 7I4E41 IT IS ! 'C5TRAL NUCLEUS' ( ! B\RGEOISIE 7#a#h774 

,!SE >E1 IT SEEMS TO ME1 ! >GUM5TS AVAILABLE TO ,SOREL IF PRESS$ TO EXPLA9 H[ HE CAN 5DORSE HIS F\R AN>*ISANT1 OR \TRI<T AN>*I/1 POSITIONS )\T DEP>T+ FROM ,M>XISM4 ,AS ,I HAVE TRI$ TO %[1 IT TURNS \T ?AT ! KEY COMMITM5T 9 MAK+ A ,M>XI/ CASE = EA* ( ! POSITIONS IS ! !SIS ( 
PROLET>IAN SELF-EMANCIPATION4 ,TO ! EXT5T ?AT ,M>XI/S' COMMITM5T TO PROLET>IAN SELF-EMANCIPATION W\LD 9 FACT 5ABLE !M TO 5DORSE ! F\R POSITIONS EXAM9$ H]E 7) SOME IMPORTANT QUALIFICATIONS1 P]HAPS1 9 ! CASE ( ,SOREL'S 'RADICAL ANTI-/ATISM'7 & ASSUM+1 ON ! O!R H&1 ?AT AN>*I/S C\LD EMBRACE ,SOREL'S 9DISPUTABLY ,M>XI/ CONVICTIONS1 IT IS FAIR TO SAY ?AT ,SOREL'S !ORY FURNI%ES A FAIRLY COH]5T MODEL ( AN>*O-,M>XISM4 

,BUT H[ APPEAL+ OR COMPELL+ IS ?IS MODEL8 ,BE=E V5TUR+ AN ANSW] TO ?IS QUE/ION1 ,I %\LD MAKE IT CLE> ?AT BY 'MODEL' ,I MEAN ONLY ! F\R POLITICAL POSITIONS DISCUSS$ H]E1 TOGE!R ) AN ADH]5CE TO ! V>I\S ,M>XI/ !SES 5UM]AT$ E>LI]4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 9 REF]R+ TO ,SOREL'S MODEL ( AN>*O-,M>XISM1 ,I DO NOT 9CLUDE1 = EXAMPLE1 HIS ADVOCACY ( '! E?ICS ( ! PRODUC]S1' ! !ME ( ! ,REFLECTIONS' LA/ *APT]4 ,NOR DO ,I 9CLUDE 9 ?IS MODEL ,SOREL'S !SES REG>D+ 'MY?S1' OR HIS CONCEPTION & DEF5SE ( VIOL5CE4 ,MY JU/IFICATION = IGNOR+1 OR RA!R EXCLUD+1 !SE & O!R ISSUES DISCUSS$ 9 ! ,REFLECTIONS IS ?AT ! POSITIONS & !SES ?AT ,I HAVE EMPHASIZ$ CAN BE ASSESS$--&1 ACCORD+LY1 EMBRAC$ OR REJECT$-- 9DEP5D5TLY ( ,SOREL'S VIEWS ON SU* ?+S AS MY?1 VIOL5CE1 & '! E?ICS ( ! PRODUC]S4' ,!RE IS1 9 O!R WORDS1 NO LOGICAL CONNECTION BETWE5 ! LATT] IDEAS &1 SAY1 A DEF5SE ( ! G5]AL /RIKE1 OR A CONDEMNATION ( P>LIAM5T>ISM4 

,SO UND]/OOD1 ,SOREL'S V>IETY ( AN>*O-,M>XISM REMA9S FAIRLY IMPRESSIVE 9 ITS [N RI<T &1 EV5 MORE IMPORTANTLY1 IS AN 9DISP5SABLE RES\RCE = ANY FUTURE 5DEAVOR AIM$ AT RECONCIL+ OR SYN!SIZ+ ,M>XISM & AN>*ISM 7EV5 ?\< ?IS WAS NOT ,SOREL'S GOAL74 ,AS REG>DS ! LATT] CONSID]ATION1 ! VALUE ( ,SOREL'S ,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE IS TW(OLD4 ,FIR/1 
,SOREL'S BOOK FOCUSES1 AS WE HAVE SE51 ON A NUMB] ( QUE/IONS ?AT >E C5TRAL TO ANY SY/EMATIC RAPPRO*EM5T BETWE5 ,M>XISM & AN>*ISM4 ,SECOND1 ,SOREL'S WORK SUGGE/S ?AT A SUCCESSFUL RECONCILIATION ( ,M>XISM & AN>*ISM--OR RA!R1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( A DEF5SIBLE AN>*O-,M>XISM--WILL 9EVITABLY 9VOLVE A RETURN TO C]TA9 BASIC POLITICAL AFF9ITIES ?AT HAVE BE5 IGNOR$ OR ECLIPS$ = MORE ?AN A C5TURY4 ,! ADVOCACY ( WORK]S' SELFEMANCIPATION IS A CASE 9 PO9T3 ?IS IS1 )\T QUE/ION1 A FUNDAM5TAL COMMITM5T = ,M>XI/S1 BUT IT IS SURELY ( NO LESS IMPORTANCE TO AN>*I/S4 

,SOREL CONT5DS ?AT HIS 9T]PRETATION ( ,M>XISM REPRES5TS A RETURN TO ! TRUE 'SPIRIT ( ,M>X' 7#a#b71 BUT IT IS CLE> ?AT ?IS 9T]PRETATION ALSO YIELDS A !ORY ?AT PROVES TO HAVE A GREAT DEAL 9 COMMON ) ! 'SPIRIT ( AN>*ISM4' ,IF ,SOREL IS CORRECT 9 CLAIM+ ?AT HIS ,M>XISM IS 9DE$ FAI?FUL TO ! ESS5TIAL ELEM5TS ( ,M>X'S TEA*+1 !N '! SPIRIT ( ,M>XISM' TURNS \T TO BE MU* CLOS] TO '! SPIRIT ( AN>*ISM' ?AN MO/ ,M>XI/S & AN>*I/S T5D TO REALIZE4 ,IS ,SOREL RI<T8 ,CONSID]+ :AT IS AT /AKE 9 ! ANSW] TO ?IS QUE/ION1 ,M>XI/S & AN>*I/S ALIKE W\LD DO WELL TO 7RE-7ACQUA9T !MSELVES ) ,GEORGES ,SOREL'S ,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE4 

,WORKS ,CIT$ 

,ADL]1 ,ALAN 7,$47 #a#i#h#c4 ,!SES1 ,RESOLUTIONS & ,MANIFE/OS ( ! ,FIR/ ,F\R ,CONGRESSES ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,TRANS4 ,ALIX ,HOLT & ,B>B>A ,HOLL&4 ,LONDON3 ,PLUTO ,PRESS4 

,BAKUN91 ,MIKHAIL #a#i#g#b4 ,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*Y4 ,TRANS4 & $4 ,SAM ,DOLG(F4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,ALFR$ ,A4 ,KNOPF4 

,BAKUN91 ,MIKHAIL #a#i#h#e4 ,FROM ,\T ( ! ,DU/B93 ,BAKUN9'S ,BASIC ,WRIT+S1 #a#h#f#i-#a#h#g#a4 ,TRANS4 & $4 ,ROB]T ,M4 ,CUTL]4 ,ANN ,>BOR1 ,MI*IGAN3 ,>DIS4 

,B]L91 ,ISAIAH #a#i#h4 ,AGA9/ ! ,CURR5T4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,! ,VIK+ ,PRESS4 

,C>R1 ,E4,H4 #a#i#f#b4 ,/UDIES 9 ,REVOLUTION4 ,LONDON3 ,FRANK ,CASS @& ,CO4 ,LTD4 

,DRAP]1 ,HAL #a#i#g#a4 ',! ,PR9CIPLE ( ,PROLET>IAN ,SELF-,EMANCIPATION 9 ,M>X & ,5GELS4' ,9 ,R4 ,MILIB& & ,J4 ,SAVILLE 7$S471 ,! ,SOCIALI/ ,REGI/] #a#i#g#a4 ,LONDON3 ,! ,M]L9 ,PRESS4 

,DRAP]1 ,HAL #a#i#g#g4 ,K>L ,M>X'S ,!ORY ( ,REVOLUTION1 ,VOL4 ,I3 ,/ATE & ,BUREAUCRACY4 ,NEW ,YORK & ,LONDON3 ,MON?LY ,REVIEW ,PRESS4 

,DRAP]1 ,HAL #a#i#g#h4 ,K>L ,M>X'S ,!ORY ( ,REVOLUTION1 ,VOL4 ,I,I3 ,! ,POLITICS ( ,SOCIAL ,CLASSES4 ,NEW ,YORK & ,LONDON3 ,MON?LY ,REVIEW ,PRESS4 

,5GELS1 ,FR$]ICK #a#i#g#a4 ',PREFACE TO ! ,5GLI% ,$ITION4' ,9 ,DIRK ,/RUIK 7$471 ,BIR? ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,PUBLI%]S4 

,G>DA ,SALVATECCI1 ,HUGO #a#i#g#i4 ,GEORGES ,SOREL Y ,M>IATEGUI4 ,UBICACION IDEOLOGICA DEL ,AMAUTA4 ,LIMA3 ,DELGADO ,VAL5ZUELA4 

,GOLDMAN1 ,EMMA #a#i#g#b4 ,R$ ,EMMA ,SPEAKS3 ,SELECT$ ,WRIT+S & ,SPEE*ES4 ,$4 ,ALIX ,KATES ,%ULMAN4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,V9TAGE ,BOOKS4 

,GORMAN1 ,ROB]T ,A4 #a#i#h#e4 ',SOREL1 ,GEORGES4' ,9 ,ROB]T ,A4 ,GORMAN 7$471 ,BIOGRAPHICAL ,DICTION>Y ( ,NEO-,M>XISM4 ,WE/PORT1 ,CONNECTICUT3 ,GRE5WOOD ,PRESS4 

,GRAMSCI1 ,ANTONIO #a#i#g#a4 ,SELECTIONS ,FROM ,! ,PRISON ,NOTEBOOKS ( ,ANTONIO ,GRAMSCI4 ,$4 & TRANS4 BY ,QU9T9 ,HO>E & ,GE(FREY ,N[ELL ,SMI?4 ,LONDON3 ,LAWR5CE & ,WI%>T4 

,GRAY1 ,JOHN #a#i#i#c4 ,PO/-,LIB]ALISM3 ,/UDIES 9 ,POLITICAL ,?\<T4 ,NEW ,YORK & ,LONDON3 ,R\TL$GE4 

,H>D+1 ,NEIL #a#i#i#f4 ,L59ISM4 ,DURHAM1 ,N4,C43 ,DUKE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS4 

,HOR[ITZ1 ,IRV+ ,L\IS #a#i#f#a4 ,RADICALISM & ! ,REVOLT ,AGA9/ ,REASON1 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,! ,HUMANITIES ,PRESS4 

,HOR[ITZ1 ,IRV+ ,L\IS #a#i#f#dA4 ',9TRODUCTION4' ,9 ,IRV+ ,L\IS ,HOR[ITZ 7$471 ,! ,AN>*I/S4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,DELL ,PUBLI%+ ,CO41 ,9C4 

,HOR[ITZ1 ,IRV+ ,L\IS #a#i#f#dB4 ',A ,PO/SCRIPT TO ! ,AN>*I/S4' ,9 ,IRV+ ,L\IS ,HOR[ITZ 7$471 ,! ,AN>*I/S4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,DELL ,PUBLI%+ ,CO41 ,9C4 

,HYMAN1 ,RI*>D #a#i#h#c4 ',/RIKES4' ,9 ,TOM ,BOTTOMORE ET4 AL4 7$S471 ,A ,DICTION>Y ( ,M>XI/ ,?\<T4 ,CAMBRIDGE1 ,MASSA*USETTS3 ,H>V>D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS4 

,J5N+S1 ,J]EMY #a#i#h#c4 ',SOREL1 ,GEORGE4' ,9 ,TOM ,BOTTOMORE ET4 AL4 7$S471 ,A ,DICTION>Y ( ,M>XI/ ,?\<T4 ,CAMBRIDGE1 ,MASSA*USETTS3 ,H>V>D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS4 

,J5N+S1 ,J]EMY #a#i#i#i4 ',9TRODUCTION4' ,9 ,GEORGES ,SOREL1 ,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE4 ,$4 ,J]EMY ,J5N+S4 ,CAMBRIDGE1 ,5GL&3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS4 

,JOLL1 ,JAMES #a#i#h4 ,! ,AN>*I/S1 ,SECOND ,$ITION4 ,CAMBRIDGE1 ,MASSA*USETTS3 ,H>V>D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS4 

,KAM5KA1 ,EUG5E #a#i#g#g4 ',M>XISM & ,E?ICS--,A ,RECONSID]ATION4' ,9 ,%LOMO ,AV9]I 7$471 ,V>IETIES ( ,M>XISM4 ,! ,HAGUE3 ,M>T9US ,NIJH(F4 

,KOLAK[SKI1 ,LESZEK #a#i#h#a4 ,MA9 ,CURR5TS ( ,M>XISM1 ,VOL4 #b3 ,! ,GOLD5 ,AGE4 ,TRANS4 ,P4 ,S4 ,FALLA4 ,OX=D3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS4 

,L591 ,VLADIMIR ,ILYI* #a#i#g#b4 ,COLLECT$ ,WORKS1 ,VOL4 #a#d4 ,TRANS4 ,ABRAHAM ,F9EB]G4 ,$4 ,CLEM5S ,DUTT4 ,MOSC[3 ,PROGRESS ,PUBLI%]S4 

,L591 ,VLADIMIR ,ILYI* #a#i#g#dA4 ,COLLECT$ ,WORKS1 ,VOL4 #b#a4 ,$4 ,JULIUS ,KATZ]4 ,MOSC[3 ,PROGRESS ,PUBLI%]S4 

,L591 ,VLADIMIR ,ILYI* #a#i#g#dB4 ,COLLECT$ ,WORKS1 ,VOL4 #b#h4 ,$4 ,JIM ,RIORDAN4 ,MOSC[3 ,PROGRESS ,PUBLI%]S4 

,LI*!IM1 ,GEORGE #a#i#f#e4 ,M>XISM3 ,AN ,HI/ORICAL & ,CRITICAL ,/UDY1 ,SECOND ,$ITION4 ,NEW ,YORK & ,WA%+TON3 ,FR$]ICK ,A4 ,PRAEG]4 

,LI*!IM1 ,GEORGES #a#i#f#g4 ,! ,CONCEPT ( ,IDEOLOGY & ,O!R ,ESSAYS4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,R&OM ,H\SE4 

,LI*!IM1 ,GEORGE #a#i#g#a4 ,FROM ,M>X TO ,HEGEL4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,! ,SEABURY ,PRESS4 

,LI*!IM1 ,GEORGES #a#i#g#c4 ,COLLECT$ ,ESSAYS4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,! ,VIK+ ,PRESS4 

,LUXEMBURG1 ,ROSA #b#d4 ,! ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG ,READ]4 ,$4 ,PET] ,HUDIS & ,KEV9 ,B4 ,&]SON4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,MON?LY ,REVIEW ,PRESS4 

,M>IATEGUI1 ,JOSE ,C>LOS #a#i#i#d4 ,M>IATEGUI TOTAL1 ,VOLUME ,I4 ,LIMA3 ,EMPRESA ,$ITORA ,AMAUTA ,S4,A4 

,M>%ALL1 ,PET] #a#i#i#c4 ,DEM&+ ! ,IMPOSSIBLE3 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ,AN>*ISM4 ,LONDON3 ,FONTANA ,PRESS4 

,M>X1 ,K>L #a#i#g#d4 ,! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL & ,AFT]4 ,$4 ,DAVID ,F]NBA*4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,V9TAGE ,BOOKS4 

,M>X1 ,K>L #a#i#g#hA4 ',CIRCUL> ,LETT] TO ,BEBEL1 ,LIEBKNE*T1 ,BRACKE1 & ,O!RS4' ,9 ,ROB]T ,C4 ,TUCK] 7$471 ,! ,M>X-,5GELS ,READ]4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,W4,W4 ,NORTON & ,CO4 

,M>X1 ,K>L #a#i#g#hB4 ',CRITIQUE ( ! ,GO?A ,PROGRAM4' ,9 ,ROB]T ,C4 ,TUCK] 7$471 

,! ,M>X-,5GELS ,READ]4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,W4,W4 ,NORTON & ,CO4 

,MC,LELLAN1 ,DAVID #a#i#i#h4 ,M>XISM ,AFT] ,M>X1 ,?IRD ,$ITION4 ,H\NDMILLS & ,LONDON3 ,MACMILLAN ,PRESS ,LTD4 

,MESZ>OS1 ,I/VAN #a#i#g#b4 ,LUKACS' ,CONCEPT ( ,DIALECTIC4 ,LONDON3 ,! ,M]L9 ,PRESS4 

,P>IS1 ,ROB]T #a#i#g#h4 ',M>IATEGUI3 UN SORELISMO AMBIGUO4' ,9 ,JOSE ,>ICO 7$471 ,M>IATEGUI Y LOS ONG5ES DEL M>XISMO LAT9OAM]ICANO4 ,MEXICO ,CITY3 ,PASADO Y ,PRES5TE4 

,ROCK]1 ,RUDOLF #a#i#h#i4 ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM4 ,LONDON3 ,PLUTO ,PRESS4 

,SCRUTON1 ,ROG] #a#i#h#d4 ,A ,DICTION>Y ( ,POLITICAL ,?\<T4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,HILL & ,WANG #aihd 

,SOREL1 ,GEORGES #a#i#f#a4 ,! ,DECOMPOSITION ( ,M>XISM4 ,9 ,IRV+ ,L\IS ,HOR[ITZ1 ,RADICALISM & ! ,REVOLT ,AGA9/ ,REASON4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,! ,HUMANITIES ,PRESS4 

,SOREL1 ,GEORGES #a#i#i#i4 ,REFLECTIONS ON ,VIOL5CE4 ,$4 ,J]EMY ,J5N+S4 

,CAMBRIDGE1 ,5GL&3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS4 

,/ANLEY1 ,JOHN ,L4 #a#i#g#f4 ',$ITOR'S ,9TRODUCTION4' ,GEORGES ,SOREL1 ,FROM ,GEORGES ,SOREL4 ,$4 ,JOHN ,L4 ,/ANLEY4 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS4 

,WOODCOCK1 ,GEORGE #a#i#f#b4 ,AN>*ISM3 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,IDEAS & 

,MOVEM5TS4 ,CLEVEL& & ,NEW ,YORK3 ,! ,WORLD ,PUBLI%+ ,COMPANY4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#g1 #bba 3 ,P>T #a#a1 ,*APT] #b -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #b#g1 #bba 3 ,P>T #a#a1 ,*APT] #b -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/