,P>T #a#a1 ,*APT] #d ,BEYOND ! ,RA9B[3 ,OV]COM+ ,DOGMA & ,CONFUSION 9 ! ,>TICULATION ( ,REVOLUTION>Y ,!ORY & ,PRACTICE ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX ,PRI*>D ,AU?OR 3 ,&Y ,MC,LAV]TY-,ROB9SON ,AU?OR 3 ,B5OIT ,*ALL& ,AU?OR 3 ,C>L ,LEVY ,AU?OR 3 ,*I>A ,BOTTICI ,TEXT 3 ,BEYOND ! ,RA9B[3 ,OV]COM+ ,DOGMA & ,CONFUSION 9 ! ,>TICULATION ( ,REVOLUTION>Y ,!ORY & ,PRACTICE ,L>RY ,PORTIS ,OV]COM+ ,DOGMA & ,CONFUSION 9 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,!ORY & ,PRACTICE3 ,R$ & ,BLACK 9 ,HI/ORICAL ,P]SPECTIVE ,A C5TRAL QUE/ION 9 CONTEMPOR>Y REVOLUTION>Y ?9K+ IS H[ TO DRAW ! BE/ FROM PA/ EXP]I5CE :ILE OV]COM+ POLITICAL REFLEXES TI$ TO DEBATES ?AT NO LONG] 7OR %\LD NO LONG]7 EXI/4 ,HI/ORICAL KN[L$GE IS ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y = 9=M$ ?9K+ & ACT+1 BUT P>TIAL HI/ORICAL UND]/&+ CAN P]PETUATE DOCTR9AL DISPUTES ?AT FUR!R LIMIT & RIGIDIFY P]SPECTIVES4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 P>TIAL KN[L$GE ( 9DIVIDUAL MOTIVATIONS-- ESPECIALLY \R [N--CAN AMPLIFY ! EFFECTS ( ! IGNORANCE & CONFUSION 9 :I* EV]YONE P>TICIPATES 9 SOME WAY4 ,FROM ?IS P]SPECTIVE1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO CONFRONT ! MOTIVE BASES ( DOGMA & CONFUSION4 ,BY DOGMA ,I MEAN DEF9$ & RECEIV$ C]TA9TIES ?AT >E (T5 F\ND$ 9 P]SONAL 9SECURITIES BUT PROJECT$ ONTO P]CEIV$ ADV]S>IES OR H]ETICS4 ,CONFUSION MAY BE BE/ DEF9$ AS MISUND]/&+S ?AT >ISE FROM EI!R LACK ( KN[L$GE OR UND]/&+1 & ?AT T5D TO BE RE9=C$ BY 9DIVIDUAL 9T]E/S & !IR CONSCI\S OR UNCONSCI\S DEF5SE4 ,! HI/ORY ( ! 0,R$ & ,BLACK0.<#e#f#h.> CURR5T ( POLITICAL PRAXIS--!ORY & PRACTICE--IS P]HAPS ! BE/ EXAMPLE ( H[ DOGMA & CONFUSION HAVE LIMIT$ ! EFFECTIV5ESS ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE S9CE ! MID-N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,! 0,R$ & ,BLACK0 REF]S TO A REVOLUTION>Y POLITICAL CURR5T OR T5D5CY DEF9$ 9 RELATION TO :AT IS G5]ALLY TAK5 TO BE1 ON ! ONE H&1 0,M>XISM0 &1 ON ! O!R1 0AN>*ISM40 ,& H]E IS MU* ( ! PROBLEM3 A SUPPOS$ CONFLICT BETWE5 TWO DOCTR9AL T5D5CIES HAS L>GELY HIDD5 FROM VIEW ! EXI/5CE ( AN ALT]NATIVE CURR5T ?AT HAS ATTEMPT$ TO DRAW UPON ALL EXPRESSIONS ( TRANSC5D5T SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY & ACTION4 ,!RE IS1 9DE$1 A FUNDAM5TAL DIVISION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T1 BUT IT IS A DIVISION ?AT EXI/S >TIFICIALLY 9 ?AT IT HAS BE5 WILL$ 9TO EXI/5CE & HAS OB/RUCT$ P]CEPTION & KN[L$GE ( ALT]NATIVES4 ,!RE IS1 9 FACT1 NO REASON TO JUXTAPOSE 9 A B9>Y WAY :AT ,R$ & ,BLACK REPRES5T4 ,9 REALITY1 !RE IS NO IMPLICIT CONTRADICTION 9 A NUANC$ SYN!SIS ( ! MO/ DIRECTLY DEMOCRATIC & EGALIT>IAN IDEAS & PRACTICES CALL$ 9TO EXI/5CE BY OPPOSITION TO ! 9DU/RIAL CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,HI/ORICAL ORIG9S ,?IS DIVISION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y LEFT 9TO 0,M>XI/0 & 0AN>*I/0 CAMPS MIIAN SOCIAL RELATIONS 9TO TWO P>TS1 EA* ) ITS [N SYMBOLS1 HALL[$ TEXTS & AU?ORITY FIGURES4 ,! BACKDROP ( ?IS ANTAGONISM--CALL$ ! 0,GREAT ,S*ISM0 BY ,JAMES ,JOLL--LONG PREC$$ ! CLA% BETWE5 ! 0,M>XI/S0 & ! 0,BAKUN9I/S0 9 ! E>LY #a#h#gS4 ,! POLITICAL /RIFE MANIFE/ DUR+ ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,M5'S ,ASSOCIATION WAS P]HAPS AN 9EVITABLE DEVELOPM5T ROOT$ 9 ! MULTIFACET$ REACTION AGA9/ ! GR[? ( 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM ?AT IS MO/ L>GELY CONCEIV$ ( )9 ! CONTEXT ( ! ,ROMANTIC ,MOVEM5T4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 IT WAS ! 0HUMANI/IC0 REJECTION1 ON BO? EMOTIONAL & 9TELLECTUAL GR\NDS1 ( ! DE-HUMANIZ+ CIVILIZATION & M5TALITIES PRODUC$ BY CAPITALI/ SOCIAL RELATIONS ?AT MO/ FUNDAM5TALLY GAVE RISE TO MOD]N REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS4 ,SU* ACTIVITY EXPRESS$ A WILL TO GO BEYOND EXI/+ SOCIAL & M5TAL /RUCTURES T[>DS ?OSE ?AT W\LD SOMEH[ LIB]ATE HUMAN CREATIVE POT5TIAL & FACILITATE ! 0PURSUIT ( HUMAN HAPP9ESS40 ,9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 = EXAMPLE1 ?IS G5]AL MOVEM5T WAS RIY *ANGE4 ,?R\<\T ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION>Y DIM5SION ( ?IS IMPULSE BECAME PROGRESSIVELY MORE EVID5T1 & IT WAS GIV5 9SPIRATION & =MULATION BY ?9K]S ( ! ,EUROPEAN ,5LIE ONE ?+1 & ! REALIZATION ( !M IS ANO!R4 ,ATTEMPTS TO REALIZE--TO CREATE-- FREE & EQUAL SOCIAL RELATIONS ON A PRACTICAL BASIS RAISE ! MO/ DIFFICULT QUE/IONS ( ALL4 ,! SPLIT BETWE5 ! ,R$ & ! ,BLACK IS G5]ALLY EXPRESS$ AS A DISAGREEM5T OV] ME?OD1 OV] ! POLITICAL /RATEGY NE$$ TO ACCOMPLI% ! REAL TRANSC5D5CE ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM ( PRODUCTION & ! SOCIAL RELATIONS NECESS>Y TO IT4 ,TO GO BEYOND ! LOCALIZ$ EXP]IM5TS 9 COMMUNAL LIV+ & WORK+ ?AT W]E RIL ,M>X & ,FRI$RI* ,5GELS 0UTOPIAN SOCIALISM0.<#e#f#i.> IMPLI$ ! DE/RUCTION ( 0ACTUALLY EXI/+0 CAPITALISM4 ,G5ESIS & EVOLUTION ( ! ,GREAT ,MISUND]/&+ ,! ?9K]S AT ! ORIG9S ( ! ,R$ & ,BLACK AGRE$ AS TO ! ULTIMATE EXPRESSION ( TRANSC5D5CE ( ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION & ITS CORRESPOND+ CIVILIZATION4 ,BUT ! WAY ( TRANSC5D5CE WAS ! PROBLEM4 ,EV5 !N1 H[EV]1 :5 ,M>X & ,5GELS SPOKE ( ! 0DICTATOR%IP0 ( ! PROLET>IAT1 IT WAS NOT BECAUSE !Y APPROV$ DICTATOR%IP AS A MODE ( POLITICAL GOV]NANCE OR SOCIAL CONTROL2 IT WAS RA!R TO EMPHASIZE ?AT ! REIGN ( SOCIAL- CLASS DOM9ATION MU/ BE ?OR\X SO CRUELLY RIDICUL$ ,PI]RE- ,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON 79 ! ,M>X'S ,! ,POV]TY ( ,PHILOSOPHY71 IT WAS NOT TO SAY ?AT ,PR\DHON WAS AN AG5T ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 BUT RA!R TO EXPOSE H[ :AT HE P]CEIV$ AS IDEALI/ CONFUSION IS A DANG]\S F\NDATION = AN ANTI-CAPITALI/ REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,/ILL1 WE KN[ ?AT ! CONFLICT WAS MORE ?AN ?IS1 EV5 IF !SE >E ITS PR9CIPL$1 PHILOSOPHCAL BASES4 ,IF ,M>X BELIEV$ ?AT A PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION W\LD BE LIB]ATION FROM WAGE SLAV]Y & CLASS DOM9ATION1 & IF HE D$ICAT$ HIS LIFE TO ! /RUGGLE = ?IS LIB]ATION1 IT IS NEV]!LESS CLE> ?AT HIS P]SONALITY WAS ?AT ( AN AU?ORIT>IAN4 ,& IT IS IMPORTANT TO SAY IT BECAUSE1 FIR/LY1 HIS AU?ORIT>IAN CA/ ( M9D COMB9$ ) ! P]CEPTION ?AT WORK+-CLASS REVOLUTION WAS IMM95T GAVE RISE TO ! C5TRALIZ$1 EXCLUSION>Y P[] RELATIONS ?AT ,M>X PROMOT$ 9 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,SECONDLY1 9 RESPONSE1 ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 OPPOS$ :AT HE CALL$ ,M>X'S 0AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNISM0 ) :AT IS1 9 EFFECT1 0LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM0--! IDEA ?AT ONLY ! CREATION ( AUTONOM\S1 LOCAL ADM9I/RATIVE BODIES CAN 5SURE NON CO]CIVE SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,= ,BAKUN91 ! /RATEGY & TACTICS ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE MU/ DIRECTLY1 ?AT IS TO SAY IMM$IATELY1 CONTRIBUTE TO ! CREATION ( NON-AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,:AT IS REM>KABLE TO ME1 & ,I BELIEVE IT RELATES FUNDAM5TALLY TO \R P]CEPTION ( ! 0R$ & BLACK0 CURR5T ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE1 IS H[ ?IS SPLIT BETWE5 ! SO-CALL$ 0,M>XI/S0 & ! SO-CALL$ 0,AN>*I/S0 HAS P]SI/$ TO ! PRES5T DAY4 0,M>XISM0 CONT9UES TO BE SYNONYM\S ) AU?ORIT>IAN POLITICAL PRACTICE1 NOT ONLY 9 ! DELUSION ( CAPITALI/ IDEOLOGI/S BUT ALSO 9 ! RHETORIC ( F>-TOO-MANY SELF-PROCLAIM$ AN>*I/S4 ,?IS IS ! CASE 9 SPITE ( ! FACT ?AT ,BAKUN9 REPEAT$LY EXPRESS$ HIS GREATE/ ADMIRATION = ,M>X'S ANALYSIS ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM 9 ALL ITS ASPECTS4 ,BAKUN91 AT LEA/1 WAS AN AN>*I/ :O KNEW H[ TO DI/+UI% BETWE5 !ORY & PRACTICE4 ,BUT ?IS CONFUSION BETWE5 ! ANALYTICAL1 !ORETICAL CORPUS ( ,M>X'S 9TELLECTUAL WORK1 ON ! ONE H&1 &1 ON ! O!R1 HIS ORGANIZATIONAL 9TRIGUES1 CREAT$ UNNECESS>Y1 BUT LONG-LA/+ B>RI]S )9 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,& ! CONFUSION BETWE5 ANTI-CAPITALI/ ANALYSIS & POLITICAL PRACTICE QUICKLY CONGEAL$ 9TO SECT>IAN IDEOLOGIES4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 MANY PROM95T & LESS-PROM95T 9DIVIDUALS :O RESI/$ ! R$ OR BLACK DI*OTOMY1 & ?IS RESI/ANCE HAS BE5 GIV5 IMPORTANT ORGANIZATIONAL EXPRESSION4 ,! WILL TO TRANSC5D 9VIDI\S NOTIONS LIMIT+ REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE HAS1 = EXAMPLE1 BE5 EVID5T 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALISM & MORE P>TICUL>LY 9 ! ,CONF$]ATION G5]ALE DU TRAVAIL1 ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD 7,I,W,W71 ! ,CONF$]ACION ,NACIONAL DE ,TRABAJO 7,C,N,T71 9 C\NCIL COMMUNISM1 & 9 ! WORK ( 0AFF9ITY GR\PS0 & 0CONS5SUS0 DECISION-MAK+ )9 SOME ( ! 0NEW SOCIAL MOVEM5TS10 ESPECIALLY ?OSE ASSOCIAT$ ) RADICAL 5VIRONM5TAL GR\PS & ANTI 0GLOBALIZATION0 9 G5]AL4 ,MORE BROADLY1 H[EV]1 IT MAY BE BE/ TO ?9K ( ! HI/ORY ( ! 0,R$ & ,BLACK0--OR 0LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM0 OR 0LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM0 OR 0AN>*O-COMMUNISM0--AS A /RUGGLE )9 A /RUGGLE4 ,!RE >E TWO IMPORTANT QUE/IONS 9 ?IS REG>D4 ,! FIR/ IS3 H[ & :Y HAS LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM TAK5 SO LONG TO REA* A L>G] MILITANT PUBLIC8 ,! SECOND IS3 :AT >E ! POSSIBILITIES = ! DEVELOPM5T ( LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM 9 ! FUTURE8 ,! ACCEPTANCE ( REVOLUTION>Y LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM HAS BE5 C\NT]$ BY TWO P[]FUL =CES3 #a7 ! IDEA & REALITY ( ! NATION /ATE2 #b7 ! IDEA & PRACTICE ( AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALISM1 DEF9$ AS POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ADOPT+ HI]>*ICAL MODES ( FUNCTION+ & DECISION-MAK+4 ,!SE LATT] >E MO/ PROM95TLY REPRES5T$ BY ?OSE ,L59I/ ONES CONSEQU5T TO ! ,BOL%EVIK ,REVOLUTION & ! CREATION ( ! ,U4,S4,S4,R4 ,UND] ! REIGN ( ,JOSEPH ,/AL91 ! IDEA ( 0SOCIALISM 9 ONE C\NTRY0 EV5 COMB9$1 9 PRACTICE AT LEA/1 AN EXPRESSION ( A K9D ( NATIONALISM ) A P>TICUL> VISION ( SOCIAL & POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ?AT WAS CALL$ SOCIALISM4.<#e#g.> ,H[EV]1 EV5 BE=E ! ,BOL%EVIK SEIZURE ( P[] 9 ,RUSSIA1 ! POSSIBILITY ( APPROPRIAT+ ( EXI/+ GOV]NANCE BY AN 0AVANT-GU>D0 POLITICAL =MATION & ! SUBSEQU5T EX]CISE ( P[] WAS A WIDELY HELD IDEA4 ,M>XI/ DOGMA AB\T ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 0UTOPIAN SOCIALISM0 & 0SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM0 RE9=C$ ! EXPECTATION4 ,BY ! SAME TOK51 ! DEBATE BETWE5 ! ,M>I/S & ! ,N>ODNIKS 9 ,RUSSIA 9 ! #a#h#hS T5D$ TO VALORIZE ! PRIVILEG+ ( 0OBJECTIVE10 0/RUCTURAL0 &1 ?US1 0SCI5TIFIC0 FACTORS OV] ! TYPES ( HUMAN AG5CY PRIVILEG$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN ,POPULI/S4 ,9 ! CONTEXT ( N9ETE5?- C5TURY ,EUROPEAN CULTURE1 ! POSITIVI/IC1 0SCI5TI/IC0 *>ACT] ( ,M>X'S 9TELLECTUAL WORK 7BUT ESPECIALLY ?AT ( ?OSE PEOPLE HE SO 9FLU5C$--! 0,M>XI/S07 HAD A DI/9CT ADVANTAGE OV] MORE PROSAICALLY PRACTICAL OR COMMON-S5SICAL VISIONS ( REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,! PRACTICAL EXIG5CIES ( CLASS /RUGGLE SEEM$ TO REQUIRE RIGOR\S ORGANIZATION & DISCIPL9E1 9CLUD+ A CLE> HI]>*Y ( LEAD]%IP4 ,?IS P]CEPTION L5T =CE TO ! MORE AU?ORIT>IAN M9D-SET SEEM+LY MADE NECESS>Y BY ! F]OCITY ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y =CES4.<#e#g#a.> ,! DOM9ANCE ( AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALISM LA/$ PRECISELY ONE C5TURY1 FROM ! CREATION ( ! ,SECOND ,SOCIALI/ ,9T]NATIONAL TO ! FALL ( ! ,B]L9 ,WALL 9 #aihi & ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION 9 #a#i#i#a4 ,AS LONG AS ! ,SOVIET ,UNION EXI/$1 ! ,?IRD & ,F\R? ,COMMUNI/ 9T]NATIONALS REMA9$ P[]FUL MA*9ES = RECRUITM5T & 9DOCTR9ATION 9 ! PURSUIT ( AU?ORIT>IAN REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALISM4 ,DUR+ ?IS C5TURY1 !RE WAS LITTLE DEBATE BETWE5 ! PROPON5TS ( LIB]T>IAN & AU?ORIT>IAN REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALISM4 ,! ,L59I/S1 LIKE ,M>X1 DID NOT ATTEMPT TO REASON ) !IR OPPON5TS ON ! REVOLUTION>Y ,LEFT1 BUT RA!R WORK$ TO DE/ROY !M1 TO DISCR$IT !M BY ANY & ALL MEANS4 ,EV5 )9 ,L59I/ P>TIES1 ! TE*NIQUES ( HUMILIATION1 =C$ SUBMISSION1 EXCLUSION &1 IF NE$ BE1 PHYSICAL MODES ( 0LIQUIDATION0 W]E /&>D OP]AT+ PROC$URE4 ,)9 SU* A MOVEM5T1 ! 0HUMANI/IC0 IMPULSE WAS B\ND TO BECOME AN OBJECT ( SCORN & RELEGAT$ TO ! CATEGORY ( 0B\RGEOIS0 M5TALITY4 ,IDEALS & AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALISM3 ,DIALECTICS ( 0,BAD ,FAI?0 ,HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5TS SEEM TO 9DICATE ?AT HI]>*ICAL POLITICAL /RUCTURES-- REVOLUTION>Y 9 9T5T OR NOT--LEAD TO MANIPULATIONS & =MS ( SOCIAL & POLITICAL DOM9ATION4 ,9/ITUTIONALIZ$1 =MALIZ$ CONTROL OV] O!RS DEVELOPS ?AT IS 9VIDI\S TO ! EM]G5CE ( HEAL?Y SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,!RE IS A ME*ANISM H]E ?AT LEADS TO 7OR CONTRIBUTES TO7 :AT ,JEAN-,PAUL ,S>TRE CALL$ LA MAUVAISE FOI--?AT 0BAD FAI?0 ?AT JU/IFIES ! USE ( O!RS = SELFI% REASONS ?AT IS MASK$ AS ALTRUISM4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ONE'S [N SELF-9T]E/$ MOTIVES >E TRANS=M$1 9 ONE'S [N M9D1 9TO ! MO/ SELFLESS IDEALS4 ,!Y >E !N PRES5T$ TO O!RS 9 ?IS GUISE4 0,BAD FAI?0 IS NOT PECULI> TO ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM OR TO REACTION>Y POLITICS4 ,IT IS A PSY*IC ME*ANISM ( PEOPLE :O1 = A V>IETY ( REASONS1 HAVE NOT LE>N$ TO PURSUE !IR P]SONAL PROJECTS OR TO PRES5T !MSELVES AS 9DIVIDUALS OP5LY1 )\T RESORT+ TO MISREPRES5TATION4 ,9/EAD ( CONFRONT+ POSITIVELY 9T]-P]SONAL DIFF]5CES OR 9T]E/S1 ?IS P]SONAL WEAKNESS IS COMP5SAT$ = BY ! MANIPULATION ( O!RS4 ,IT IS IMPORTANT TO UND]/& ?AT ! EX]CISE ( BAD FAI? CANNOT BE A TOTALLY UNCONSCI\S PROCESS4 ,! MAJOR DI/9CTION H]E IS ?AT CONSCI\S DECEPTION IS MORE ?AN HYPOCRISY2 IT IS LY+4 ,9 CONTRA/1 BAD FAI? IS SITUAT$ SOME:]E BETWE5 CONSCI\SLY DECEITFUL1 CALCULAT$ DECEPTION 7LY+7 ON ! ONE H&1 & ! HYPOCRITICAL BL9DNESS *>ACT]I/IC ( N>CISSI/IC EGOISM ON ! O!R4 ,AS ,S>TRE SAYS1 BAD FAI? IS A CONT9UAL VACILLATION BETWE5 SELF-DELUSION & ! T]ROR ( UND]/&+ &1 CONSEQU5TLY1 SELF-REPROA*4.<#e#g#b.> ,IT IS ?IS UNEAS9ESS1 ?IS MALAISE1 :I* RE9=CES ! WILL TO DOM9ATE O!RS BY ANY & ALL MEANS4 ,IT IS A FAILURE TO CONFRONT ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 SELF-9T]E/ & PR(ESS$ MOTIVATIONS ?AT PRODUCES 7OR CONTRIBUTES TO7 ! AU?ORIT>IAN PA?OLOGIES ?AT CAN BE ASSOCIAT$ ) ,L59ISM4.<#e#g#c.> ,FROM A PH5OM5OLOGICAL OR PSY*OANALYTICAL P]SPECTIVE1 !RE=E1 WE >E 9 ! PRES5CE ( POLITICAL ME*ANISM PRODUC$ BY ! PSY*IC CONSEQU5CES ( HI]>*ICAL SOCIAL RELATIONS1 ?OSE 9H]5T 9 BO? FEUDAL & CAPITALI/ SY/EMS4 ,BUT ?IS TYPE ( *>ACT] =MATION HAS ! EFFECT ( RE9=C+ NON-EGALIT>IAN SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,*>ACT] WEAKNESSES & EMOTIONAL IMMATURITY1 9VOLV+ L[ SELF-E/EEM1 PASSIVITY & SUBMISSIV5ESS TO AU?ORITY1 EV5 :5 COMP5SAT$ = BY REBELLI\S POSES & ATTITUDES1 CAN LIE BEH9D AU?ORIT>IAN CA/S ( M9D4 ,! POLITICAL CONSEQU5CES ( *>ACT] & P]SONALITY =MATION CAN BE A S]I\S PROBLEM 9 POLITICAL ACTIVITY & DECISION-MAK+4 ,SUBJECTIVELY1 & )9 A 0PROGRESSIVE0 MILIEU1 ! DESIRE TO DEMOCRATIZE SOCIAL RELATIONS IS (T5 US$ AS A MEANS TO DOM9ATE O!R PEOPLE 9 ORD] TO LIB]ATE !M4 ,OBJECTIVELY 7OR 0SOCIOLOGICALLY07 SPEAK+1 H[EV]1 ! EFFECT IS TO REPLICATE ! EXI/+ SOCIAL RELATIONS NECESS>Y TO ! P]PETUATION ( DOM9ATION & EXPLOITATION4 ,AGA91 IT MU/ BE 9SI/$ ?AT1 ON ! REVOLUTION>Y POLITICAL ,LEFT1 ?IS WILL TO DOM9ATE IS R>ELY CYNICAL4 ,RA!R1 IT IS EXPLA9$ TO ! SELF AS WELL AS TO O!RS AS NECESS>Y 9 ! PURSUIT ( A SOCIAL IDEAL4 ,BUT IT IS A PSY*IC H\SE ( C>DS ?AT IS FRAGILE4 ,BAD FAI? IS 9 CONT9UAL DANG] ( SELF-REVELATION1 :I* IS :Y ANY ATTEMPT TO CALL ATT5TION TO ITS WEAKNESSES BR+S =? ! MO/ VIOL5T & M]CILESS RETALIATION4 ,SO DOM9ANT WAS ?IS P>ANOID1 DESP]ATE & >ROGANT M9DSET ON ! REVOLUTION>Y POLITICAL ,LEFT ?AT MANY 9VOLV$ ) LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM HAVE BE51 ALSO1 S]I\SLY AFFLICT$ BY IT4 ,T[>DS A REASS]TION ( A 0,R$ & ,BLACK0 REVOLUTION>Y PRAXIS ,AFT] ONE C5TURY ( 5ORM\S 9FLU5CE OV] ! EXPRESSION ( REVOLUTION>Y ?\IAN SOCIALISM NO LONG] EXI/S4 ,& ?IS IS :Y ! POT5TIAL = ! 0,R$ & ,BLACK10 = LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM1 IS N[ GREAT] ?AN EV]4 ,OV] ! PA/ SEV]AL DECADES1 ! ONCE /RONG ,COMMUNI/ P>TIES HAVE L>GELY COLLAPS$1 & SUPPORT = O!R ,M>XI/-,L59I/ ORGANIZATIONS HAS ALSO DRAMATICALLY DW9DL$4 ,9 CONTRA/1 IT IS TRUE ?AT1 = MORE ?AN ?IRTY YE>S1 ! MO/ DYNAMIC CRITIQUE ( CAPITALISM HAS BE51 9 SOME WAY--,GRE54 ,WE HAVE COME TO UND]/& ?AT 5VIRONM5TAL DE/RUCTION IS AN 9ESCAPABLE SIGN ( ! HUMANLY DYSFUNCTIONAL ESS5CE ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,BUT ! LIMITATIONS ( ! 5VIRONM5TAL1 ANTI-CORPORATE MOVEM5T >E ALSO MANIFE/1 & IT SEEMS EQUALLY CLE> ?AT 5VIRONM5TALISM1 AS A RE=M PROGRAM1 IS NO SOLUTION TO ! PROBLEM POS$ BY ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM ( PRODUCTION4 ,:AT IS NE$$ IS A G5]ALIZ$ RECOGNITION ( H[ A NON-AU?ORIT>IAN1 ANTI-CAPITALI/ P]SPECTIVE HAS DEVELOP$ OV] ! PA/ C5TURY & A HALF1 & H[ IT CAN (F] A SOLUTION TO ! CLASS-BAS$1 %ORT-SIY WRIT]S & ACTORS :O HAVE ELUCIDAT$ & COMBAT$ ?IS SY/EM--?AT MU/ N[ BE PRES5T$ AS ! REVOLUTION>Y POSITION MO/ CAPABLE ( 9SPIR+ REAL DEMOCRATIC--LIB]T>IAN & EGALIT>IAN--*ANGE4 ,! HI/ORY & CONTEMPOR>Y RELEVANCE ( ?IS UND]/&+1 ?IS EXI/+ TRADITION1 MU/ RISE \T ( OBSCURITY1 \T ( ! RECESSES ( REVOLUTION>Y !ORY & PRACTICE1 & BE %[N TO BE ! MO/ E?NICALLY COH]5T1 ANALYTICALLY REF9$1 & SOCIALLY HEAL?Y ORI5TATION PRODUC$ BY RESI/ANCE TO ! RISE & DECL9E ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,?IS IS :AT WE MU/ REF] TO1 BUT TO :OM %\LD WE REF]8 ,WE ALL HAVE CONTRIBUTIONS TO MAKE TO ?IS HI/ORIC TASK4 ,& WE ALL HAVE IDEAS AB\T :O HAS BE5 IMPORTANT 9 ! ELABORATION ( LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM4 ,MY EXP]I5CE1 P>TIAL AS IT IS1 HAS L$ ME TO SOME CONSID] :AT ,I BELIEVE >E IMPORTANT EXP]I5CES OR FIGURES 9 ?IS MOVEM5T4 ,H]E >E A FEW ( !M4 ,FIR/ ON MY %ORT LI/ IS ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS1 BECAUSE HIS APPROPRIATION & ACTIVE PROPAGATION ( BO? ,M>XIAN ANALYSIS & LIB]T>IAN PR9CIPLES1 ON ! ONE H&1 & HIS 9TEGRATION ( ES!TIC CONC]NS & 5VIRONM5TALI/ S5SITIVITIES IS MORE ?AN RELEVANT TO CONTEMPOR>Y CONDITIONS4 ,MORRIS' FOCUS ON H[ 9DU/RIALISM CAPITALISM DEVA/AT$ ! HUMAN HABITAT = ! VA/ MAJORITY ( PEOPLE1 & H[ ?AT DEVA/ATION CONTRIBUTES TO ! DE/RUCTION ( HUMAN SPIRITUALITY IS1 P]HAPS1 A CONTRIBUTION ?AT IS F>-TOO-NEGLECT$4 ,& IT IS ONE ?AT NE$S GREAT] ELABORATION4 ,9 ADDITION1 9 MY OP9ION1 ,MORRIS' ,NEWS FROM ,NO:]E1 = EXAMPLE1 BREAKS D[N ! 9VIDI\S DI/9CTION BETWE5 0UTOPIAN0 & 0SCI5TIFIC0 SOCIALI/ P]SPECTIVES4 ,NEXT1 MY READ+ ( ,GEORGES ,SOREL HAS CONV9C$ ME ?AT HIS CONTRIBUTION TO ANTICAPITALI/ ?9K+ HAS EI!R BE5 MISUND]/OOD OR CONSCI\SLY MALIGN$1 & ?AT HIS PLACE 9 ! EVOLUTION ( ! ,R$ & ,BLACK IS ESS5TIAL4 ,SOREL WAS ONE ( ! E>LIE/ TO 9SI/1 LIKE ,M>X HIMSELF1 ?AT !RE WAS LITTLE 9 COMMON BETWE5 ,M>XIAN IDEAS & ,M>XI/ DOGMA1 AT LEA/ CONC]N+ REVOLUTION>Y PHILOSOPHY4 ,?IS P]CEPTION CAUS$ HIM TO BE ONE ( ! FIR/ TO EXPLORE ! COMPLEX PHILOSOPHICAL & EPI/EMOLOGICAL UND]P9N+S ( ,M>X'S ?\T ( CAPITALI/ IDEOLOGI/S & BY ! ,BOL%EVIK REVOLUTION & ITS LAM5TABLE EFFECT ON REVOLUTION>Y ?\Y /RUGGLE IS1 OR %\LD BE1 ! 5G5D]+ ( VALUES--MORALITY 9 ?IS S5SE--?AT CONTRIBUTE TO ! 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ADULATION1 ( REVOLUTION>IES COM+ FROM BO? ! LIB]T>IAN & AU?ORIT>IAN RANKS4 ,BUT :AT IS P>TICUL>LY /RIK+ IS H[ SO MANY DISILLUSION$ PEOPLE FROM ,L59I/ BACKGR\NDS BECAME 7& HAVE BECOME7 NO/ALGIC AB\T ! ACTIONS1 ! ORGANIZATION & ESPECIALLY ! SPIRIT ( ! FAM\S ,WOBBLIES4.<#e#g#d.> ,!RE >E MANY IMPORTANT EXAMPLES ( ?IS PASSAGE FROM AU?ORIT>IAN TO LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM3 ,VICTOR ,S]GE1 ,DANIEL ,GU]91 ,DANIEL ,ANSELME1 ,CLANCY ,SEGAL4 ,& !RE >E MANY PEOPLE :O ALWAYS SEEM$ TO HAVE AVOID$ ! ,GREAT ,MISUND]/&+1 SU* AS ,FRANKL9 & ,P5ELOPE ,ROSEMONT1 ,GEORGES ,FONT5IS1 ,R5E ,LEFEUVE444 ,IT SEEMS CLE> TO ME ?AT BO? ,L59I/ & RE=MI/ SOCIALISM HAVE REA*$ A DEAD 5D1 ?AT !Y >E 9 A /ATE ( COMPLETE DECOMPOSITION4 ,ONE 9DICATION IS ?AT !RE >E N[ ,M>XI/ M&>9S1 /ILL 5JOY+ ! ADVANTAGES ( POLITICAL & PUBLI%+ NETWORKS1 :O >E ATTEMPT+ TO %IFT T[>DS ! LIB]T>IAN LEFT1 BUT )\T JO9+ :AT !Y CALL ! 0ULTRA-LEFT40 ,! PROBLEM IS ?AT 0,R$ & ,BLACK0--REVOLUTION>Y1 LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM1 AN>*O- COMMUNISM--IS ! 0ULTRA-,LEFT40 ,TO MAKE ! %IFT--?IS POLITICAL TRANSITION1 MEANS AB&ON+ ! HABIT ( 9TELLECTUAL DOM9ATION & ! SME>+ ( OPPON5TS4 ,IT MEANS BECOM+ AW>E ( H[ ?IS ELITI/ APPROA* TO KN[L$GE & ITS USES--?AT CULTIVAT$ ESPECIALLY 9 UNIV]SITIES & POLITICAL P>TIES--IS DE/RUCTIVE ( REAL POLITICAL CONSCI\SNESS & ( 9DIVIDUAL CREATIVITY4 ,IT MEANS BREAK+ ) ! IDOLATRY PROP] TO MOVEM5TS BAS$ ON ! FAI? 9SPIR$ BY ! CULT ( ! LEAD]--:E!R ,M>X OR ,L59 OR ,TROTSKY OR ,MAO OR ,*E ,GUEV>A OR ,BAKUN9 OR ,DURRUTI4 ,?IS IS ! MEAN+ & ! PROMISE ( ! ,R$ & ,BLACK4 ,!SE1 ! ONLY REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS ( ,M>XIAN & ,AN>*I/ ?9K+ & PRACTICE1 CANNOT BE DEAD1 BECAUSE ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM 5G5D]S !IR V]Y EXI/5CE4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,JANU>Y #b#g1 #bba 3 ,P>T #a#a1 ,*APT] #d -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/