,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #a 
,! 7,ANTI-7 ,POLITICS ( ,AUTONOMY3 ,BETWE5 ,M>XISM & ,AN>*ISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX ,PRI*>D 

,AU?OR 3 ,&Y ,MC,LAV]TY-,ROB9SON 

,AU?OR 3 ,B5OIT ,*ALL& 

,AU?OR 3 ,C>L ,LEVY 

,AU?OR 3 ,*I>A ,BOTTICI 

,TEXT 3 

,POLITICS1 ,IDEOLOGY ,REVOLUTION 

 ,! 7,ANTI-7 ,POLITICS ( ,AUTONOMY3 ,BETWE5 ,M>XISM & ,AN>*ISM 

,*RI/IAN ,G>L& 

,AB/RACT 

,M>X FAM\SLY SAID ?AT ! EMANCIPATION ( ! PROLET>IAT MU/ BE ! WORK ( ! PROLET>IAT ITSELF2 ALMO/ EV] S9CE1 !RE HAS BE5 A P]SI/5T CURR5T ( ,M>XISM -- ?AT HAS1 9 COMMON ) AN>*ISM & 9 ANTAGONISM T[>D ITS [N DOM9ANT OR?ODOX TRADITION1 /RESS$ ! NE$ = AUTONOMY4 

,?IS EMPHASIS ON 'AUTONOMY' CAN BE SE5 TWO FOLD3 BO? 9 T]MS ( ! ACTION ( ! EXPLOIT$ & OPPRESS$ !MSELVES AS AN ANTI-POLITICAL1 SELF-VALORIZ+ AG5CY = A*IEV+ REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL *ANGE1 & AS PREFIGUR+ NEW NON- HI]>*ICAL SOCIAL RELATIONS BEYOND ! WORLD ( ! PRES5T4 ,?IS PAP] WILL AIM TO CRITICALLY EXAM9E ! CONCEPT ('AUTONOMY1' SPECIFICALLY ! SIMIL>ITIES BETWE5 UNOR?ODOX ,M>XISMS & AN>*ISM1 RA!R ?AN ! ALL-TOO-FREQU5TLY EMPHASIZ$ DIFF]5CES4 

,! ,GREEK ORIG9 ( ! WORD1 COMES ( C\RSE1 FROM 'AUTO' 7SELF7 & 'NOMOS' 7LAW71 MEAN+ SELF-DET]M9ATION1 & IT IS ?IS ORIG9AL MEAN+ ?AT WE CAN SEE 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! !ORIES ( AN>*ISM & C]TA9 =MS ( ,M>XISM1 NAMELY ?AT ANY SOCIAL SUBJECT MU/ CREATE & DEF9E ! T]MS ( ITS [N COLLECTIVE EXI/5CE4 ,! ,GREEK ORIG9S ( ! WORD 'AN>*Y ' OR 'AN>*IA' 7')\T RUL] '7 B>E /RIK+ SIMIL>ITY TO ! NOTION ( AN AUTONOM\S POLITICAL PRACTICE :I* RESI/S HI]>*ICAL =MS1 & SEEKS TO BECOME A 'SELF-CREAT+' AG5CY BO? ACT+ & EXI/+ '= ITSELF' :IL/ SEEK+ TO PU% BEYOND ! PRES5T =M ( SOCIETY 9 SUBV]T+ & UND]M9+ IT4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( ! PAP]1 WE WILL SEEK TO ID5TIFY SOME SUB/ANTIVE CLAIMS ( CRITICAL & LIB]T>IAN CURR5TS ( ,M>XISM AS !Y EXI/ 9 RELATION TO SOME ( ?OSE MADE BY AN>*ISM1 & ! OV]LAP ?AT !SE TWO TRADITIONS %>E4 

,A ,!ORY ( 'AUTONOMY' 

,M>XISM -- AT LEA/ 9 ITS UNOR?ODOX =MS HAS 9 COMMON ) CLASS-/RUGGLE AN>*ISM1 A SELF-DEF9+ EMPHASIS ON ! NE$ = ANTI-HI]>*ICAL & ANTI-/ATE PRACTICE1 & ! NE$ = 'AUTONOMY4' ,?IS EMPHASIS ON 'AUTONOMY' CAN BE SE5 TWO FOLD3 BO? 9 T]MS ( ! ACTION ( ! EXPLOIT$ & OPPRESS$ !MSELVES AS AN ANTIPOLITICAL1 SELF-VALORIZ+ AG5CY = A*IEV+ REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL *ANGE1 & AS PREFIGUR+ NEW NON-HI]>*ICAL SOCIAL RELATIONS BEYOND ! WORLD ( ! PRES5T4 

,A BRIEF SURVEY ( ! CURR5TS LOOSELY & V]Y BROADLY GR\P$ UND] ! TAG 'AUTONOMI/' BR+S TOGE!R AN >RAY ( SEEM+LY DISP>ATE L9ES ( ?\<T1 :OSE L9KS C\LD BE SE5 AS SOME:AT T5U\S4 ,!RE IS ALSO ! FREQU5T OBJECTION FROM PURI/S 9 EI!R ,M>XI/ OR ,AN>*I/ CAMPS ?AT !Y REMA9 UTT]LY SEP>ATE & IRRECONCILABLE PHILOSOPHIES :ATEV] APP>5T SURFACE SIMIL>ITIES !Y SEEM TO %>E4 ,)\T A LONG DIGRESSION 9TO ,M>X'S [N CONSI/5CY 9 HIS BELIEF 9 ! AUTONOMY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL SUBJECT1 WE F9D 9 HIS FAM\S QUOTE ON ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE ?AT 0! WORK+ CLASS CANNOT SIMPLY LAY HOLD ( ! READY-MADE /ATE 
MA*9]Y1 & WIELD IT = ITS [N PURPOSES0.<#a#g#b.> NO LESS ?AN HIS ADMIRATION = ! 9SURRECTION'S F>-REA*+ MEASURES TAK5 UND] EXTREME DURESS1 ! RECOGNITION ?AT ! /ATE DOES NOT HOLD ANY NEUTRALITY 9 ! FIELD ( CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,?IS QUOTE TAK5 FROM ,! ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ,FRANCE1 9 :I* HE ALSO SPEAKS ( ! ,COMMUNE AS C>RY+ \T ! 0DE/RUCTION ( /ATE P[]10 GIVES A SUITABLY ANTAGONI/IC1 ANTI-POLITICAL TURN = ANY ATTEMPT TO DEF9E A !ORY ( ,M>XI/ AUTONOMY1 & ONE COMPLETELY AT ODDS ) ! OR?ODOXIES ( ,M>XI/-,L59ISM4 

,FOLL[+ ,M>X1 WE F9D 9 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG'S BELIEF 9 REVOLUTION>Y SPONTANEITY & MASS ACTION1 A P[]FUL C\NT]=CE TO ! ,L59I/ OBSESSION ) A DISCIPL9$1 HI]>*ICALLY ORGANIZ$ P>TY FOLL[+ ! DIKATS ( A C5TRAL COMMITTEE4 ,LUXEMBURG'S BELIEF ?AT ! PROLET>IAT REMA9S 0CAPABLE ( SELF-DIRECTION 9 POLITICAL ACTIVITY0.<#a#g#c.> ANTICIPATES LAT] 'AUTONOMI/ ,M>XISM' & CLASS /RUGGLE AN>*ISM REM>KABLY WELL1 AS DO O!R ,LEFT ,COMMUNI/S SU* AS ,ANTON ,PANNEKOEK1 ,OTTO ,RHULE1 & ,K>L ,KORS*4 ,9DE$1 AS ,OTTO ,RHULE >GU$ ! NOTION ( A POLITICAL P>TY SEEK+ TO 9/ITUTE SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 EI!R BY SEIZ+ P[] OR VIA ELECTORAL M&ATE IS NONS5SE2 WE MI<T ADD H[EV]1 ONE ?AT NE>LY N9ETY YE>S LAT]1 /ILL L+]S AMONG MANY :O CONSID] !MSELVES REVOLUTION>IES4 ,?IS IS NOT TO >GUE AGA9/ ANY =M ( ORGANIZATION1 OR OPPOSE EF=TS AT COLLECTIVE SOCIAL TRANS=MATION ) AN IDEOLOGICAL MODE ( ID5TITY-?9K+ ?AT 5DLESSLY REPEATS ! SAME S+LE CONCEPT2 BUT IT REMA9S IMPORTANT TO EXPLA9 ! SIGNIFICANCE ( 'ANTI-POLITICAL' PRACTICE FROM ! /&PO9T ( A !ORY ( 'AUTONOMY4' ,9 CONTRA/ TO ! ,OR?ODOX ,M>XI/ TRADITION1 AUTONOMI/ ,M>XISM1 I4E4 NON-,L59I/ ,M>XISM1 & REVOLUTION>Y AN>*ISM1 I4E4 CLASS /RUGGLE AN>*ISM DEM& AT ALL TIMES1 AS ,B5JAM9 ,FRANKS.<#a#g#d.> %[S1 A CONSI/5CY BETWE5 MEANS & 5DS1 & ?IS 'PREFIGURATIVE' E?IC CAN BE SE5 9 ! ANTI-POLITICAL PRACTICE ( BO?4 ,IT IS HELPFUL TO LI/ SOME EXAMPLES H]E3 

,AUTONOMI/ ,M>XISM & CLASS /RUGGLE AN>*ISM OPPOSE BO? ! /&>D R\TE TO A*IEV+ 'POLITICAL P[]' & ! TRADITIONAL GOAL ( POLITICAL ACTION EMBODI$ 9 ! /ATE-=M4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS IS NOT TO SAY !Y PROPOSE M]ELY PASSIVE )DRAWAL1 9 ! HOPE ?AT ! /ATE WILL WEAK5 & RA!R MORE HOPEFULLY 'WI!R AWAY' AS A RESULT4 ,9/EAD !SE T5D5CIES CAN BE SAID TO CON/ITUTE A =CEFUL & DYNAMIC C\NT]-P[] OR 'ANTI-P[] ' AIM$ AT SUBV]T+ & UND]M9+ ! P[] ( CAPITAL & ! /ATE 9 EV]Y =M4 

,FUR!R SPECIFIC EXAMPLES ( SU* 'ANTI-POLITICS' C\LD 9CLUDE ! REJECTION ( ELECTORAL CAMPAIGN+ -- EXCEPT1 & NOT UNCONTROV]SIALLY BY SOME = PROPAG&A PURPOSES1 REJECTION ( B\RGEOIS LEGALITY1 & REJECTION ( ! DEM& = NONVIOL5CE AT ALL TIMES & 9 ALL 9/ANCES AGA9/ ! =CES ( CAPITAL & ! /ATE4 ,L59ISM IS NOTABLE BY CONTRA/1 = EMPLOY+ & ADVOCAT+ MEANS :I* >E ALMO/ )\T EXCEPTION1 OV]:ELM+LY RE=MI/1 LEGALI/IC1 & NONVIOL5T1 & :I* COMPLETELY REPLICATE ! WORLD ( P>TY POLITICS4 

,WE CAN ALSO OBS]VE 9 ! ANTI-,L59I/ REJECTION ( 'PLAY+ ! GAME' ( 9/RUM5TAL POLITICS & ! DUPLICIT\SNESS & %AMELESS OPPORTUNISM ?IS FREQU5TLY DEM&S1 A %>$ CONTEMPT BETWE5 CLASS /RUGGLE AN>*ISM & AUTONOM\S ,M>XISM = 'WORK+ )9' A SY/EM !Y SEEK OP5LY TO DE/ROY4 

,AN ANTI-POLITICAL PRACTICE 

,A DEF9ITION ( 'AUTONOMY1' ?AT IS 'SELF-GOV]NM5T' OR 'SELF-DET]M9ATION' REMA9S A DEF9+ ELEM5T ( BO? AUTONOMI/ ,M>XISM1 & CLASS /RUGGLE AN>*ISM4 ,BY ?IS1 WE MEAN ! 'AUTONOMY' ( ! SOCIAL SUBJECT OR ! CAPACITY ( ?IS SAME SUBJECT = SELF-DET]M9ATION & SELF-GOV]NANCE1 TOGE!R ) ! RECOGNITION ?AT SU* A PRACTICE IS A GOAL ( BO? COMMUNISM & ! 9VET]ATE ANTAGONISM TO HI]>*ICAL P[] & ! /ATE %>$ BY AUTONOMI/ & AN>*I/ ?\<T4 ,AGA9/ ! POPUL>LY ACCEPT$ NOTION ( A /ATE ( SU* POLITICAL 'AN>*Y' BE+ A *AOTIC & BRUTI% ,HOBBESIAN /RUGGLE ( EA*-AGA9/-ALL1 AN>*ISM PROPOSES ! CAPACITY = COOP]ATIVE & RATIONAL ORGANIC SOCIAL H>MONY1 ! RESULT & GOAL ( AUTONOMY1 SELF-DET]M9ATION & SELF-GOV]NM5T4 ,?IS =M ( SOCIETY CAN BE SE5 9 ! EF=TS TO CREATE NEW =MS ( LIV+ & WAYS ( ACT+ 9 ! PRES5T ?AT AIM TO OP5 UP ALT]NATIVE NON-HI]>*ICAL & ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN PA?WAYS4 ,9DE$ ! LIB]T>IAN EMPHASIS ON AUTONOM\S PRACTICE AS A MODE ( BE+1 CAN BE SE5 AS A FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( ,M>X'S OBS]VATION ?AT COMMUNISM IS NOT M]ELY A 'PROGRAM' WAIT+ TO BE PUT 9TO PRACTICE1 BUT IS PRES5T AS A T5SION & =CE =EV] ?REAT5+ CAPITAL ) ITS [N HI/ORICAL BECOM+4 ,AUTONOM\S PRACTICE SEEKS ITS [N SELF-CREAT+ CRIT]IA TO FUR!R ACCEL]ATE SU* A BECOM+ :I* W\LD SIGNAL ! DIS9TEGRATION & SUP]SESSION ( CAPITALI/ SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,WE CAN LI/ BEL[ SOME EXAMPLES ( SU* A PRACTICE3 

,AUTONOM\S PRACTICE /RIVES = ! 5C\RAGEM5T ( EGALIT>IAN & ANTI- HI]>*ICAL ORGANIZATION1 & ME?ODS ?AT >E C>EFUL TO AVOID REPRODUC+ ! HI]>*Y & 9EQUALITY ( 9/RUM5TAL POLITICAL PRACTICE & :I* AIM TO AT ALL TIMES *ALL5GE !IR EM]G5CE4 ,DESPITE :AT ,L59 MAY HAVE BELIEV$1 FRE$OM IS NOT & NEV] HAS BE5 A B\RGEOIS OR MIDDLE CLASS VIRTUE1 BUT IS ! DEF9+ & 5ABL+ MEANS & 5D ( AN AU!NTIC REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE4 

,EXAMPLES ( SU* AUTONOM\S PRACTICE 9CLUDE EF=TS TO IMM$IATELY COMMUNIZE RES\RCES & SUBV]T & DE/ROY ! LAWS ( VALUE1 PRICE1 PR(IT -- 9 EFFECT ! M>KET ITSELF4 ,! #a#i#g'S SELF-R$UCTION CAMPAIGN 9 ,ITALY IS ! MO/ OBVI\S EXAMPLE ( ?IS 9 :I* BESIDES MASS SQUATT+ & WIDE- SCALE R5T /RIKES AS A SOLUTION TO H\S+ NE$1 ?\S&S REFUS$ TO PAY FULL PRICE OR 9DE$ ANY?+ AT ALL1 = ESS5TIAL S]VICES SU* AS ELECTRICITY1 GAS1 WAT]1 & TRANSPORT4 ,A NO LESS IMPORTANT EXAMPLE1 P>TICUL>LY 9 A ,U,K CONTEXT1 W\LD BE ! #a#i#h#i-#i MASS NONPAYM5T CAMPAIGN :I* DEFEAT$ ! ,POLL ,TAX4 

,BO? !SE P>TICUL> EXAMPLES1 ,ITALIAN SELF-R$UCTION & ! ANTI-,POLL ,TAX MOVEM5T >E USEFUL 9 DEF9+ 'AUTONOMY'3 WE CAN SEE 9 SU* AUTONOM\S ACTION ! REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL SUBJECT1 ! PROLET>IAT ACT+ AS A CLASS = ITSELF1 BY REFUS+ & SEEK+ TO SURPASS ! CATEGORY ( PROLET>IAN ALTOGE!R4 ,IT IS ALSO POSSIBLE TO SEE 9 
SU* ACTIONS1 ! ESS5TIAL NE$ & DESIRE = FRE$OM & SOCIAL EQUALITY EXPLICITLY DEM&$ BY ! REFUSAL ( CONDITIONS ( EXPLOITATION1 & HI]>*Y IMPOS$ BY CAPITAL & ! /ATE4 

,ANTI-,L59I/ ,M>XISM & CLASS /RUGGLE AN>*ISM %>E ! SAME DET]M9ATION TO BR+ AN 5D TO EXPLOITATION & OPPRESSION 9 EV]Y =M1 & ! SAME COMMITM5T TO PREV5T+ !IR REAPPE>ANCE4 ,!RE IS A DI/9CTION TO BE MADE H]E BETWE5 ! REJECTION ( POLITICAL P[] AS SU* & ! =CEFUL 'ANTI-P[]' :I* RESI/S & OPPOSES IT2 AUTONOM\S ,M>XISM & REVOLUTION>Y AN>*ISM DO NOT SEEK TO ASSUME /ATE P[] BUT NOR DO !Y SEEK TO 'TOL]ATE' IT4 ,JU/ AS ,MAKHNO'S >MY F\<T A CIVIL W> AGA9/ ! ,:ITE ,>MY1 ! ,UKRA9IAN B\RGEOISIE & L&[N+ CLASS1 ,PETLIURI/ NATIONALI/S1 & ! ,BOL%EVIKS :IL/ 5DEAVOR+ TO CREATE FREE COMMUNISM1 !Y ALSO REALIZ$ ?AT ?IS WAS NOT POSSIBLE :ILE ! MULTIPLE FRONTS ( REACTION RETA9$ ANY 9FLU5CE OR P[]4 ,SU* A RECOGNITION ?AT AUTONOM\S ACTION = SELF-EMANCIPATION BY ! EXPLOIT$ & OPPRESS$ !MSELVES CANNOT SUCCE$ :ILE ! /ATE EXI/S1 NOR CAN ANY PROCESS ( COMMUNIZATION OCCUR )\T ! SUBV]SION & SUP]SESSION ( CAPITALI/ SOCIAL RELATIONS 9 ALL !IR MANIFE/ =MS3 WAGE LABOR1 MONEY1 VALUE1 ETC4 ,9DE$ ?IS REMA9S A KEY +R$I5T ( ! REVOLUTION>Y SUB/ANCE ( ,M>XISM & AN>*ISM4 ,9 ! WORDS ( ,GILLES ,DAUVE3 

0,! PROLET>IAT IS NOT ! WORK+ CLASS1 RA!R ! CLASS ( ! CRITIQUE ( WORK4 ,IT IS ! EV]-PRES5T DE/RUCTION ( ! OLD WORLD1 BUT ONLY POT5TIALLY2 IT BECOMES REAL ONLY 9 A MOM5T ( SOCIAL T5SION & UPHEAVAL1 :5 IT IS COMPELL$ BY CAPITAL TO BE ! AG5T ( COMMUNISM4 ,IT ONLY BECOMES ! SUBV]SION ( E/ABLI%$ SOCIETY :5 IT UNIFIES ITSELF1 & ORGANIZES ITSELF1 NOT 9 ORD] TO MAKE ITSELF ! DOM9ANT CLASS1 LIKE ! B\RGEOISIE 9 ITS TIME1 BUT 9 ORD] TO DE/ROY ! SOCIETY ( CLASSES2 AT ?AT PO9T !RE IS ONLY ONE SOCIAL AG5T3 MANK9D40.<#a#g#e.> 

,AUTONOMY !N1 AS A !ORY CAN BE SE5 TO EMBODY ! PRACTICE ( NEW NON- HI]>*ICAL1 NON-EXPLOITATIVE SOCIAL RELATIONS 9 :I* HUMAN BE+S' CAPACITY = FRE$OM & COOP]ATION IS RECOGNIZ$ & 5C\RAG$1 9/EAD ( FRU/RAT$ & BLOCK$ BY O!R MORE P[]FUL 9T]E/S 9 AN UN5D+ COMPETITION = MAT]IAL1 & 9DE$ PSY*OLOGICAL & EMOTIONAL SURVIVAL3 ! W> ( EA*-AGA9/-ALL ?AT IS LATE CAPITALISM4 ,! !ORY ( AUTONOMY1 :I* IS A KEY COMPON5T ( ! ,M>XI/ & AN>*I/ TRADITIONS WE HAVE ID5TIFI$ 9 ?IS PAP]1 RECOGNIZES M5 & WOM5 AS 5DS 9 !MSELVES1 & NOT AS 9/RUM5TAL1 FUNCTIONAL MEANS TO AN 5D IMPOS$ & DEM&$ BY =CES EXT]NAL & ALI5 TO !IR [N NE$S & 9T]E/S4 ,?IS !ORY REJECTS & SEEKS TO COMBAT SU* AN OBJECTIFICATION ( ! HUMAN SUBJECT BO? = ! 5D ( AN ALT]NATIVE1 QUALITATIVELY SUP]IOR =M ( SOCIETY1 & ! REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS ( A*IEV+ IT4 ,AS SU*1 AUTONOM\S ACTION SEEKS TO *ALL5GE & SUBV]T EXI/+ OPPRESSIVE SOCIAL RELATIONS ( EXPLOITATION & HI]>*Y :IL/ SETT+ ITSELF ! TASK ( NOT REPRODUC+ !SE SAME SOCIAL RELATIONS 9CLUD+ ! COMPLETE REJECTION ( ! ,L59I/ NOTION ( ! PROLET>IAT & O!R OPPRESS$ GR\PS AS BE+ 
9CAPABLE ( RECOGNIZ+ !IR [N 9T]E/S OR TAK+ (F5SIVE ACTION TO ADVANCE !M4 

,IT HAS BE5 >GU$ 9 ! C\RSE ( ?IS PAP]1 ?AT ! 'ANTI-POLITICS ( AUTONOMY' REMA9 ( KEY SIGNIFICANCE = BO? AUTONOM\S ,M>XISM & CLASS /RUGGLE AN>*ISM4 ,! EXACT =MS ?IS AUTONOMY MAY TAKE >E NECESS>ILY NOT FIX$ BY EI!R TRADITION2 :AT REMA9S AN 9SUP]ABLE IMP]ATIVE H[EV]1 IS ! SAME BELIEF 9 ! NECESSITY = 'AUTONOMY1' BO? 9 T]MS ( ! VIEW !Y TAKE ( HUMAN SUBJECTIVITY & AG5CY1 ! SORT ( SOCIETY !Y 5VISION1 & AS ! GUID+ PR9CIPLE = ANY ANTI-POLITICAL REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE4 

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HTTP3_/_/WWW4AGA9/SLEEP&NI<TM>E4COM_/,A,S,A,N_/,A,S,A,N#d_//RUGGL#c4HTML 

,ANON4 7#a#i#i7 ,POLL ,TAX ,RIOT -- ,T5 ,H\RS ,?AT ,%OOK ,TRAFALG> ,SQU>E1 7,LONDON3 
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,BAKUN91 ,M4 7#a#h#g#a7 ,! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE & ! ,IDEA ( ! ,/ATE 
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,BAKUN91 ,M4 7#b#e7 ,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS7 
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,BONEFELD1 ,W4 ,/ATE1 ,REVOLUTION1 & ,SELF-,DET]M9ATION ONL9E V]SION 
HTTP3_/_/DASSAGA9/DASS4COM_/MDEX4PHP8OPTION"7COM CONT5T@&VIEW"7>TICLE@&ID"7#a#b#b3/ATE-REVOLUTION-&-SELF-DET]M9ATION-W]N]-BONEFELD@&CATID"7#b#a3G5]AL-PAMPHLETS-TEXTS-&->TICLES@&,ITEMID"7#a#e 

,BOLOGNA1 ,S4 7#a#i#g#g7 ,! ,TRIBE ( ,MOLES ONL9E V]SION 
HTTP3_/_/CLASSAGA9/CLASS4COM_/9DEX4PHP8OPTION"7COM CONT5T@&VIEW"7>TICLE@&ID"7#a#c3!-TRIBE-(-MOLES-S]GIO-BOLOGNA@&CATID"7#d3S]GIO-BOLOGNA@&,ITEMID"7#e 

,BR9TON1 ,M4 7#a#i#f#h7 ,P>IS ,MAY '#f#h 7,LONDON3 ,SOLID>ITY7 

,BURNS1 ,D4 7#a#i#i#b7 ,POLL ,TAX ,REBELLION 7,/IRL+3 ,A,K ,PRESS_/,ATTACK ,9T]NATIONAL7 

,CA/ORIADIS1 ,C4 7#a#i#f#e7 ,! ,FATE ( ,M>XISM 7,LONDON & ,CLYDESIDE3 ,SOLID>ITY7 

,CRUMP1 ,J4 7#a#i#g#f7 ,A ,CONTRIBUTION TO ! ,CRITIQUE ( ,M>X 7,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 NO FUR!R PUBLICATION DETAILS7 
HTTP3_/_/WWW4GEOCITIES4COM_/,A!NS_/,ACROPOLIS_/#h#a#i#e_/M>X CRITIQUE4HTM 

,DEBORD1 ,G4 7#b#b7 ,! ,PROLET>IAT AS ,SUBJECT & AS ,REPRES5TATION ,*4 #d ,SOCIETY ( ! ,SPECTACLE 7,$9BUR<3 ,A,K ,PRESS7 

,DAUVE1 ,G4 & ,M>T91 ,F4 7#a#i#i#g7 ,! ,ECLIPSE & ,RE-,EM]G5CE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MOVEM5T ,REVIS$ ,$ITION 7,LONDON3 ,ANTAGONISM7 ONL9E V]SION 
HTTP3_/_/WWW4GEOCITIES 4COM_/ANTAGONI SM#a_/ETOC4HTML 

,DAUVE1 ,G 7#b7 ,:5 ,9SURRECTIONS ,DIE 7,LONDON3 ,ANTAGONISM7 ONL9E V]SION 
HTTP3_/_/WWW4PROLE49FO_/TEXTS_/9SURRECTIONSDIE4HTML 

,E*ANGES ET ,M\VEM5T 7#a#i#g#i7 ,! ,REFUSAL ( ,WORK3 ,FACTS & ,DISCUSSION 7,P>IS3 ,E*ANGES ET ,M\VEM5T7 
HTTP3_/_/WWW4GEOCITIES4COM_/,CAPITOL,HILL_/,LOBBY_/#b#c#g#i_/R[4HTM 

,FRANKS1 ,B4 7#b#f7 ,REBEL ,ALLIANCES3 ,! ,MEANS & ,5DS ( ,CONTEMPOR>Y ,BRITI% ,AN>*ISMS 7,$9BUR<3 ,A,K ,PRESS7 

,G>L&1 ,C 7#b#i7 ,AUTONOMISM 9 ,! ,BLACKWELL ,5CYCLOP$IA ( ,REVOLUTION & ,PROTE/ #a#e-,! ,PRES5T 7,OX=D & ,NEW ,YORK3 ,BLACKWELL ,WILEY7 

,GOLDN]1 ,L4 7#b#e7 ,M>X & ,MAKHNO ,MEET ,MC,DONALDS3 ,CASUALIZ$ ,WORK]S ,/RIKES 9 ,FRANCE ONL9E V]SION 
HTTP3_/_/HOME4E>?L9K4NET_/@9LRGOLDN]_/M>XMAKHNO4HTML 

,GOMB91 ,R4 7#a#i#g#e7 ,! ,ORIG9S ( ,MOD]N ,LEFTISM 7,H>MONDSWOR?3 ,P5GU97 

,GOMB91 ,R 7#a#i#g#i7 ,! ,RADICAL ,TRADITION3 ,A ,/UDY 9 ,MOD]N ,REVOLUTION>Y ,?\<T 7,H>MONDSWOR?3 ,P5GU97 

,GU]91 ,D4 7#a#i#f#i7 ,LIB]T>IAN ,M>XISM ONL9E V]SION 
HTTP3_/_/LIBCOM4ORG_/LIBR>Y_/LIB]T>IAN-M>XISM 

,GU]91 ,D4 7#a#i#f#i7 ,A ,LIB]T>IAN ,M>X8 ONL9E V]SION 
HTTP3_/_/LIBCOM4ORG_/LIBR>Y_/LIB]T>IAN-M>XISM 

,HOLL[AY1 ,J4 7#b#b7 ,*ANGE ! ,WORLD )\T ,TAK+ ,P[]3 ,! ,MEAN+ ( ,REVOLUTION ,TODAY4 7,LONDON3 ,PLUTO ,PRESS7 

,HOLL[AY1 ,J 7#b#i7 ,NEGATIVITY & ,REVOLUTION3 ,ADORNO & ,POLITICAL ,ACTIVISM ,$S4 ,JOHN ,HOLL[AY1 ,F]N&O ,MATAMOROS1 @& ,S]GIO ,TIS*L] 7,LONDON3 ,PLUTO ,PRESS7 

,KATSIAFICAS1 ,G4 7#b#f7 ,! ,SUBV]SION ( ,POLITICS3 ,EUROPEAN ,AUTONOM\S ,SOCIAL ,MOVEM5TS & ! ,DECOLONIZTION ( ,EV]YDAY ,LIFE4 7,$9BUR<3 ,A,K ,PRESS7 

,JONES1 ,R4,M 7#a#i#h#d7 ,! ,EXP]I5CE ( ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION 7,C>DIFF3 ,SCOR*] ,PUBLICATIONS7 

,KORS*1 ,K4 7#a#i#d#f7 ,A ,NON-,DOGMATIC ,APPROA* TO ,M>XISM ONL9E V]SION 
HTTP3_/_/WWW4M>XI/S4ORG_/>*IVE_/KORS*_/#a#i#d#f_/NON-DOGMATIC4HTM 

,KORS*1 ,K4 7#a#i#e7 ,T5 ,!SES ON ,M>XISM ,TODAY ONL9E V]SION 
HTTP3_/_/WWW4M>XI/S4ORG_/>*IVE_/KORS*_/#a#i#e_/T5-!SES4HTM 

,LAMB1 ,D4 7#a#i#i#f7 ,LIB]T>IAN ,SOCIALISM ONL9E V]SION 
HTTP3_/_/WWW4GEOCITIES4COM_/,CAPITOL,HILL_/,LOBBY_/#b#c#g#i_/LAMB4HTM 

,L591 ,V4,I 7#a#i#b7 ,PLEKHANOV 'S ,CONTROV]SY ) ! ,AN>*I/S 9 ,*APT] #c3 ,! ,VULG>IZATION ( ,M>XISM BY ! ,OPPORTUNI/S 9 ,! ,/ATE & ,REVOLUTION 7,MOSC[3 ,PROGRESS ,PUBLI%]S7 ONL9E V]SION 
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