,P>T #f1 ,*APT] #a 
,BEYOND BLACK & R$3 ,SITUATIONI/S & ! LEGACY ( ! WORK]S MOVEM5T 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX ,PRI*>D 

,AU?OR 3 ,&Y ,MC,LAV]TY-,ROB9SON 

,AU?OR 3 ,B5OIT ,*ALL& 

,AU?OR 3 ,C>L ,LEVY 

,AU?OR 3 ,*I>A ,BOTTICI 

,TEXT 3 

,AN>*O-,COMMUNISM 

,BEYOND BLACK & R$3 ,SITUATIONI/S & ! LEGACY ( ! WORK]S MOVEM5T 

,JEAN-,CRI/OPHE ,ANGAUT 

,SITUATIONNI/S HAVE (T5 BE5 R$UC$ TO A M]E GR\P ( >TI/S CRITICIZ+ EV]YDAY LIFE1 F> AWAY FROM SOCIAL /RUGGLES4.<#b#g#b.> ,! COMMON DESCRIPTION ( !IR CONTRIBUTION TO ! EV5TS ( #aifh 9 ,FRANCE IS SYMPTOMATIC ( ?IS R$UCTION3 EI!R ! SO-CALL$ CULTURAL ORI5TATION ( !SE EV5TS IS ATTRIBUT$ TO !M1 OR IT IS SAID ?AT1 BECAUSE ! ROLE ( ! SITUATIONNI/S HAS BE5 TOO MU* EMPHASIZ$1 !SE EV5TS >E R$UC$ 9 ! COLLECTIVE MEMORY TO !IR CULTURAL P>T4.<#b#g#c.> ,NEV]!LESS1 ?IS T5D5CY T5DS TO WEAK51 S9CE ONE BEG9S TO ACTUALLY READ ! SITUATIONNI/S' TEXT1 9/EAD ( JU/ TALK+ AB\T !M 9 G5]AL4 ,FROM ?IS READ+1 IT APPE>S ?AT ! SITUATIONNI/S HAVE BE5 L9K$ &_/OR OPPOS$ ) MO/ ( ! #f'S REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS 7= EXAMPLE1 ,DEBORD HAS BE5 BRIEFLY A MEMB] ( 0,P\VOIR \VRI]10 A GR\P BELONG+ 0,SOCIALISME \ B>B>IE0 9 ! V]Y BEG9N+ ( ! #f'S72 IT ALSO APPE>S ?AT S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! #f'S1 9 ! TWO MA9 TEXTS ( SITUATIONNI/ !ORY 7,! SOCIETY ( ! SPECTACLE BY ,DEBORD & ,! ,REVOLUTION ( ,EV]YDAY ,LIFE BY ,VANEIGEM.<#b#g#d.>7 AS WELL AS 9 !IR REVIEW ,L',9T]NATIONALE ,SITUATIONNI/E1 !Y PO9T$ UP SLOGANS ( ! WORK]S C\NCILS2 &1 LA/ BUT NOT LEA/1 !Y CONSID]$ ! EV5TS ( #aifh AS A REVOLUTION>Y EV5T1 BE+ ! FIR/ ILLEGAL G5]AL /RIKE ( WORK]S 9 HI/ORY1 RA!R ?AN A /UD5T EV5T4 ,!RE=E IT IS 9T]E/+ TO QUE/ION !IR RELATIONS ) ! HI/ORY ( ! WORK]S MOVEM5T4 ,OR1 ?IS HI/ORY L$ TO A SPLIT BETWE5 TWO TR5DS1 M>XISM & AN>*ISM1 R$ & BLACK1 COMMUNISM & COLLECTIVISM4 

,9 ?IS PAP]1 ,I'D LIKE TO /UDY ! WAY SITUATIONNI/S >E L9K$ TO ?IS LEGACY1 H[ !Y MI<T HAVE PROVID$ A WAY ( GO+ BEYOND ?IS DIVISION BETWE5 M>XISM & AN>*ISM & :AT >E ! LIMITS ( ?IS WAY4 ,I WILL /UDY ?IS ATTEMPT 9 TWO DIRECTIONS4 ,FIR/1 ! SITUATIONNI/S HAVE TRI$ TO CRITISIZE ! SEP>ATION BETWE5 ANTICAPITALI/ & ANTIHI]>*IC /RUGGLES AS AN IDEOLOGICAL ONE4 ,9 !IR RELATIONS ) O!R REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS1 ?IS L$ TO A H>% CRITICISM AGA9/ ,M>XI/ & ,LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATIONS ?AT PROSP]$ >\ND ?IS DIVISION4 ,IF ?IS P>T ( ! HI/ORY ( ! SITUATIONNI/S IS QUITE WELL KN[N1 ! RELATION ) !IR !ORIES IS NOT ALWAYS CLE>LY M5TIONN$4 ,!N1 ,I W\LD LIKE TO %[ ?AS ?IS ATTEMPT TO GO BEYOND ! SEP>ATION BETWE5 BLACK & R$ LEADS TO COME BACK BE=E ! SEP>ATION1 BY US+ ! CONCEPTS & !MES ( ! ,Y\NG ,HEGELIANS MOVEM5T -- A MOVEM5T ,M>X & ,BAKUN9 US$ TO BELONG TO4 

,CRITICISM ( ! SEP>ATION BETWE5 BLACK & R$ 

,TO BEG9 )1 IT IS IMPORTANT TO KEEP 9 M9D ?AT ! !ORETICAL ATTEMPTS ( ! SITUATIONNI/S DUR+ ! #f'S CANNOT BE ISOLAT$ FROM ! CONTEXT3 ACCORD+ TO ME1 IT'S ! BE/ WAY TO AVOID ! TEMPTATION TO WOR%IP !M )\T ANY DI/ANCE4 ,I M5TIONN$ ABOVE ,DEBORD'S P>TICIPATION TO 0,SOCIALISME \ ,B>B>IE03 IT'S ALSO 9T]E/+ TO %[ ?AT SOME MEMB]S ( ! ,SITUATIONNI/ ,9T]NATIONALE 
MA9TA9$ L9KS ) LIB]T>IAN OR C\NCIL COMMUNI/ GR\PS1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,NANT]RE ,UNIV]SITY4 ,9 ADDITION1 9 ! E>LY #f'S1 ! SITUATIONNI/S W]E CLOSE TO ! PHILOSOPH] & SOCIOLOGI/ ,H5RI ,LEFEBVRE1 UNTIL !Y >GU$1 ACCUS+ EA* O!RS ( PLAGI>ISM4 ,KEEP+ ?IS RELATIONS 9 M9D DO NOT M9IMIZE ! ORIG9ALITY ( ! SITUATIONNI/ !ORIES1 BUT HELPS TO UND]/& !M BETT]1 P>TICUL>LY ! D\BLE CRITICISM ( M>XISM & AN>*ISM4 

,?IS D\BLE CRITICISM 7( ! BUREAUCRATIC DRIFTS 9 ! HI/ORY ( ,M>XISM & ( ! HI/ORICAL 9EFFIC5CIES ( AN>*ISM7 DOES EXI/1 AL?\< ! MA9 REF]5CES US$ BY SITUATIONNI/S SEEM TO BE MORE M>XI/ ?AN LIB]T>IAN4 ,= EXAMPLE1 DUR+ ! #aifh SUMM]1 !Y PROTE/$ AGA9/ ! CONFUSION BETWE5 SITUATIONNI/S & AN>*I/S 9 ! NEWSPAP]S LIKE ?IS3 0,DESPITE ! OBVI\S FACT ?AT ! ,S,I DEVELOPP$ A HI/ORICAL VIEW COM+ FROM ,HEGEL & ,M>X1 ! PRESS KEPT ON MIX+ UP SITUATIONNI/S & AN>*ISM40.<#b#g#e.> ,!Y CLAIM$ FILIATION ) :AT !Y CALL$ 0REVOLUTION>Y M>XISM40 ,AS WELL AS C\NCIL COMMUNI/S1 !Y MAY ALSO APPE> MORE AS M>XI/S ) LIB]T>IAN TR5DS ?AN AS AN>*I/S 9TEGRAT+ ! M>XISM SCI5TIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS4 ,MOREOV]1 EV5 :5 !Y >E DEAL+ ) SOCIAL & HI/ORICAL EXP]IM5TS !Y AGREE )1 :]E AN>*I/S HAVE PLAY$ ! MA9 ROLE1 !Y REFUSE TO R$UCE ?IS EXP]IM5TS TO ! EXPRESSION ( AN>*ISM AS A P>TICUL> TR5D 9SIDE ! WORK]S MOVEM5T4 ,IT IS QUITE CLE> ) ! #aicf SPANI% REVOLUTION4 ,9 ,! SOCIETY ( ! SPECTACLE1 ,DEBORD WRITES ?IS 9 ! 8#i#d3 ON ONE SIDE 09 #aicf AN>*ISM DID 9DE$ 9ITIATE A SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 A REVOLUTION ?AT WAS ! MO/ ADVANC$ EXPRESSION ( PROLET>IAN P[] EV] REALIZ$02 BUT ON ! O!R SIDE1 AN>*I/S DID NOT HAVE ! 9ITIATIVE ( ! UPRIS+ 7:I* WAS A DEF5SIVE REACTION AGA9/ ! MILIT>Y C\P7 & !Y W]E UNABLE TO DEF5D EFFICI5TLY ! REVOLUTION AGA9/ ! B\RGEOIS1 ! /AL9IANS & FASCISM4 ,SOME ( !M EV5 BECAME GOV]NM5T M9I/]S4.<#b#g#f.> ,9 ,! ,REVOLUTION ( ,EV]YDAY ,LIFE1 ,VANEIGEM SEEMS TO BE CLOS] ?AN ,DEBORD TO LIB]T>IAN IDEALS1.<#b#g#g.> BUT IT CLE>LY SPEAKS ONLY AB\T ! AN>*I/S1 & NEV] AB\T AN>*ISM1 AS IF 9DIVIDUALS WOR? MORE ?AN ! POLITICAL TR5D !Y BELONG TO4 

,NEV]!LESS1 !RE IS A REAL CRITICISM ( M>XISM 9 ! SITUATIONNI/ TEXTS1 A CRITICISM :I* NOT ONLY ATTACKS ! PROGRESSIVE DEG5]ATION ( ,M>XISM1 BUT ALSO PO9TS 9 ,M>X WORK ! G]MS ( ?AT DEG5]ATION4 ,?IS CRITICISM IS DEVELOP$ 9 8#h#d-#i ( ,! SOCIETY ( ! SPECTACLE1 KN[N AS ! CLOSE/ BOOK TO ! REVOLUTION>Y M>XISM4 ,FIR/1 ,DEBORD GIVES ! IMPRESSION1 AS WELL AS O!R ,FR5* LEFT 
W+ MAXI/S1.<#b#g#h.> ?AT HE JU/ CRITICIZES ! BAD USE ( ,M>X BY ?OSE :O CLAIM$ FILIATION ) HIM4 ,BUT /RAI<T FROM ! 8#h#d1 ,DEBORD EXPLA9S ?AT 9 ,M>X ?\<T1 !RE IS A 0SCI5TIFIC-DET]M9I/ ASPECT0 :I* 0MADE IT VULN]ABLE TO IDEOLOGIZATION40.<#b#g#i.> ,?IS ECONOMISM DRIFT 7= ECONOMICS IS 0! HI/ORICAL SCI5CE P> EXCELL5CE0 ALWAYS PO/PONES ! MOM5T ( REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE & ! ADV5T ( ! HI/ORICAL SUBJECT BY CLAIM+ ?AT OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS >E NOT PRES5T4 ,M>XISM EMPHASIZES A T5D5CY :I* IS ALREADY 9 ,M>X1 A T5D5CY :I* CONSI/S 9 SEP>AT+ ! !ORY 7ESPECIALLY ! ECONOMICS7 FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE.<#b#h.> -- AS WELL AS ,M>X DID ISOLATE HIMSELF 0BY CLOI/]$ S*OL>LY WORK 9 ! ,BRITI% ,MUSEUM40.<#b#h#a.> ,ACCORD+ TO ,DEBORD1 ?AT LACK 9 M>XIAN !ORY HAS ITS ROOTS 9 ! FACT ?AT ?IS !ORY WAS ! FAI?FULL EXPRESSION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T AT ?AT TIME1 & ALSO ( ! 9SUFFICI5CIES ( ?IS MOVEM5T4 ,?IS MOVEM5T MISS$ SOME?+ ?AT C\LD NOT COME FROM ! !ORY1 ?AT IS ! CONCRETE =M ( ORGANIZATION :I* CAME AFT] SPONTANE\SLY FROM ! PROLET>IAN /RUGGLES3 ! WORK]S C\NCILS1 ! SOVIETS4.<#b#h#b.> ,:5 ,M>X ELABORAT$ HIS !ORY1 ! ORGANIZATION HE PROMOT$ C\LD BE NO?+ ELSE BUT ! ONE :I* WAS 9 ADEQUATION ) HIS SEP>ATE !ORETICAL WORK1 & ?AT =M HAD TWO FAILURES4 ,FIR/1 IT MIMICS ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTIONS1 9 ?AT S5SE ?AT ! MA9 TASK ( ! PROLET>IAT W\LD BE TO TAKE ! P[] AS IT EXI/S 9SIDE ! B\RGEOIS SOCIETY3 0,! !ORETICAL %ORTCOM+S ( ! SCI5TIFIC DEF5SE ( PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION 7BO? 9 ITS CONT5T & 9 ITS =M ( EXPOSITION7 ALL ULTIMATELY RESULT FROM ID5TIFY+ ! PROLET>IAT ) ! B\RGEOISIE ) RESPECT TO ! REVOLUTION>Y SEIZURE ( P[]40.<#b#h#c.> ,! SELF-CRITICISM1 CONTA9$ 9 ,M>X'S WORK AB\T ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 :I* CORRECTS SOME FOMULATIONS ( ! ,MANIFE/1'.<#b#h#d.> IS H]E CLE>LY RECOGNIZABLE4 ,! SECOND FAILURE 9 ,M>XISM CONSI/S 9 A LACK ( A CONCEPTION ( ! ORGANIZATION :I* W\LD HAVE BE5 REALLY REVOLUTION>Y1 )\T ANY SIMIL>ITIES ( /ATI/ OR B\RGEOIS PATT]NS4 ,TO SUM ?+S UP1 M>XISM 7& ALL ! M>XI/ GR\PS7 HAS FAIL$ 9 ?9K+ :AT ! REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION %\LD BE4 ,?IS PASSAGE ( ,! SOCIETY ( ! SPECTACLE DES]VES A LONG QUOTE3 

0,! PROLET>IAN CLASS IS =M$ 9TO A SUBJECT 9 ITS PROCESS ( ORGANIZ+ REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLES & 9 ITS REORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY AT ! MOM5T ( REVOLUTION .<444.>4 ,BUT ?IS CRUCIAL QUE/ION ( ORGANIZATION WAS VIRTUALLY IGNOR$ BY REVOLUTION>Y !ORY DUR+ ! P]IOD :5 ! WORK]S MOVEM5T WAS FIR/ TAK+ %APE -- ! V]Y P]IOD :5 ?AT !ORY /ILL POSSESS$ ! UNIT>Y *>ACT] IT HAD 9H]IT$ FROM HI/ORICAL ?\<T 7& :I* IT HAD RI<TLY V[$ TO DEVELOP 9TO A UNIT>Y HI/ORICAL PRACTICE74 ,9/EAD1 ! ORGANIZATIONAL QUE/ION BECAME ! WEAKE/ ASPECT ( RADICAL !ORY1 A CONFUS$ T]RA9 L5D+ ITSELF TO ! REVIVAL ( HI]>*ICAL & /ATI/ TACTICS BORR[$ FROM ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION4 ,! =MS ( ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK]S MOVEM5T ?AT W]E DEVELOP$ ON ! BASIS ( ?IS !ORETICAL NEGLIG5CE 
T5D$ 9 TURN TO 9HIBIT ! MA9T5ANCE ( A UNIT>Y !ORY BY BREAK+ IT UP 9TO V>I\S SPECIALIZ$ & FRAGM5T$ DISCIPL9ES4 ,?IS IDEOLOGICALLY ALI5AT$ !ORY WAS !N NO LONG] ABLE TO RECOGNIZE ! PRACTICAL V]IFICATIONS ( ! UNIT>Y HI/ORICAL ?\<T IT HAD BETRAY$ :5 SU* V]IFICATIONS EM]G$ 9 SPONTANE\S WORK+-CLASS /RUGGLES2 9/EAD1 IT CONTRIBUT$ T[>D REPRESS+ EV]Y MANIFE/ATION & MEMORY ( !M40.<#b#h#e.> 

,) ?IS QUOTATION1 :I* DESCRIBES ! PROCESS ( DEG5]ATION ( M>XISM1 WE UND]/& ! RELATIVE LEGITIMACY ( ! AN>*I/ CRITICISM = ! SITUATIONNI/S4 ,AT ITS F\NDATION 7DEEPLY ROOT$ 9 A ORIG9AL RELATION ) ! HEGELIAN /REAM1 9 ,M>X & 9 ,BAKUN9 AS WELL71 ! REVOLUTION>Y !ORY WAS AHEAD ( ! TIME ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE IT 9F]S4 ,9ITIALLY1 ?IS !ORY WAS UNIT>Y1 BUT BECAUSE ( ! LAT5ESS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE1 A REVOLUTION>Y CONCEPTION ( ! ORGANIZATION AS ! JUNCTION ( ! PRACTICE & ! !ORY HAS MISS$4 ,!N1 ! REVOLUTION>Y !ORY ADOPT$ B\RGEOIS & /ATI/ PATT]NS ( ORGANIZATION4 ,OBVI\SLY1 ,DEBORD HAS 9 ?\<T ! POLITICAL P>TIES ORGANIZATIONS1 9 :I* ! DIFF]5T P[]S >E SEP>AT$ AS IF ! P>TIES W]E /ATES4 ,?IS SEP>ATION ( ! DIFF]5T P[]S 9FLU5C$ 9 RETURN ! !ORY1 SEP>AT+ ! !ORY FROM ! PRACTICE1 & ! !ORY ITSELF 9 DIFF]5T FIELDS1 SO ?AT ! UNIT>Y *>ACT] ( ! !ORY C\LD NOT BE MA9TA9$1 GIV+ WAY TO SPECIALIZATION & BUREAUCRATISM4 ,& F9ALLY1 :5 9 ! HI/ORICAL PRACTICE >ISES ( =M ( ORGANIZATION 9 ADEQUATION ) ! ORIG9ALLY UNIT>Y !ORY1 ! LATE/1 :I* IS ALI5$ 9 ! DIVISION ( ACTIVISM LABOR1 CRY/ALLIZ$ 9 BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS & SOMETIMES SUBMITT$ TO A /ATE1 IS UNABLE TO RECOGNIZE ?IS RI<T =M & PREV5TS ITS MANIFE/ATION4 

,9 ?IS CONTEXT1 ONE CAN UND]/& ! ,DEBORD'S CRITICAL DESCRIPTION 9 ,! SOCIETY ( ! SPECTACLE 78#i#a-#i#b7 ( ! SPLIT BETWE5 AN>*ISM & M>XISM >\ND ?IS P>TICUL> QUE/ION ( ! ORGANIZATION'S =M4 8#i#a COMES BACK OV] ! CONFLICT BETWE5 ,M>X & ,BAKUN9 9SIDE ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION & DESCRIBES IT AS ! OPPOSITION BETWE5 TWO IDEOLOGIES1 0EA* CONTA9+ A P>TIALLY TRUE CRITIQUE1 BUT EA* LOS+ ! UNITY ( HI/ORICAL ?\<T & SETT+ ITSELF UP AS AN IDEOLOGICAL AU?ORITY40.<#b#h#f.> ,?OSE TWO CRITICISMS >E P>TIALLY TRUE BECAUSE !Y APPLY ON TWO DIFF]5T FIELDS3 ! P[] 9SIDE A REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETY & ! ORGANIZATION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,BAKUN9 & HIS FRI5DS >E RI<T :5 !Y SEE BEH9D ! IDEA ( A TEMPOR>Y PROLET>IAN /ATE ! ?REAT ( A BUREAUCRATIC DICTATOR%IP1 BUT ,M>X & HIS FRI5DS >E ALSO RI<T :5 !Y D5\NCE ,BAKUN9'S PROJECTS ( CONSPIRATION4 ,IF WE /& AT ?IS PO9T1 ?IS D\BLE CRITICISM C\LD BE QULIFI$ AS LIB]T>IAN AS IT D5\NCES ! AU?ORIT>IAN DRIFTS 9 BO? !ORIES4 ,BUT ?IS LIB]T>IAN CRITICISM IS PAIR$ ) A HI/ORICAL CRITICISM :I* [ES A LOT TO ,M>X BUT T>GETS ! TWO ORGANIZATIONS :I* HAVE FOLL[$ !SE TWO MA9 ORI5TATIONS1 ! SPANI% ,F,A,I & ! ,S,D,P ( ,G]MANY4 

8#i#b-#i#d ( ,! ,SOCIETY ( ! SPECTACLE >E ESPECIALLY DEVOT$ TO AN>*ISM BUT MU/ BE REF]$ TO ! T5SE RELATIONS BETWE5 ! ,SITUATIONNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL & LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATIONS S9CE Y\NG MEMB]S ( ! FR5* AN>*I/ F$]ATION HAVE CLAIM$ !IR HI< 9T]E/ = ! SITUATIONNI/ !SIS1 >\ND #a#i#f#f4.<#b#h#g.> ,! AN>*I/ F$]ATION WAS OBSESS$ AT ?AT TIME ) ! POSSIBLE 9FLITRATION ( M>XI/ 
ELEM5TS 9 ITS RANKS1 S9CE IT HAD ALREADY SPLIT A FEW YE>S E>LI] ) ! DEP>TURE ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S4 ,! Y\NG LIB]T>IANS W]E =C$ TO QUIT ! AN>*I/ F$]ATION & ,! SOCIETY ( ! SPECTACLE P]HAPS E*OES ?IS EPISODE1 ESPECIALLY 9 8#i#b :5 ,DEBORD EXPLA9S :Y AN>*I/ CRITICISM REMA9S ONLY P>TIAL4 ,! CRITICISM ( ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE BY ! AN>*I/S REMA9$ AB/RACT AS !Y PROMOT$ A PURELY ECONOMICAL /RUGGLE BAS$ ON ! PATT]N ( ! 9/ANTANE\S G5]AL /RIKE4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,DEBORD1 AN>*I/S ONLY SEE /RUGGLE AS ! REALIZATION ( AN IDEAL1 OPPOS$ TO REALITY1 )\T QUE/ION+ ! PRACTICAL MEANS ( REALIZATION ( ?IS IDEAL1 & 9 EA* /RUGGLE1 !Y CON/ANTLY REPEAT ! SAME ?+S1 :I* GIVES A WAY TO GU>DIANS ( ! TEMPLE & SELF-PROCLAIM$ SPECIALI/S ( FRE$OM 78#i#c74 

,! MEAN+ ( ?IS CRITICISM IS CLE>3 ! !ORETICAL BASIS ( ! LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATIONS1 !ORETICAL AN>*ISM1 IS AN \T-DAT$ /AGE 9 ! HI/ORY ( REVOLUTION>Y !ORY1 ! /AGE ( ! IDEOLOGICAL CONFLICT ) AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALISM1 :I* IS ALSO ! /AGE ( ! SEP>ATION BETWE5 BLACK & R$ & BETWE5 PROLET>IAT & ITS REPRES5TATION4 ,SO ! LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATIONS 7! FR5* ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION1 & LAT] ! ,ITALIAN ONE & ! REBUILD SPANI% ,C,N,T = ,DEBORD7 >E A REMA9S ( ! PA/1 SMALL *UR*ES HAV+ NO RELATION ) CONTEMPOR>Y REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T1 9 ORD] TO P]PETUATE !MSELVES BY REPEAT+ ALWAYS ! SAME IDEOLOGICAL ANTI!SIS 7?AT'S :Y ?OSE :O PROCLAIM$ !IR AFF9ITY ) SITUATIONNI/ !SIS W]E FIR$74 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 WORK]S C\NCILS1 AS !Y >IS$ SPONTANE\SLY 7?AT IS TO SAY3 AP>T FROM ANY !ORY7 9 REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA & SPREAD$ 9 ,G]MANY & ,SPA91 AS A UNIT>Y PRACTICE1 >E SUPPOS$ TO BE 9 ADEQUATION ) ! UNITY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y !ORY4 ,& ?IS !ORETICAL UNITY IS TO BE F\ND BE=E ! SEP>ATION BETWE5 BLACK & R$1 BE=E ! SPLIT :I* GAVE BIR? TO M>XISM & AN>*ISM AS TWO P>TIAL TRU!S1 ?AT MEANS 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y !ORY1 AS EXPRESS$ 9 ! #a#h#d'S4 

,BE=E BLACK & R$3 SITUATIONNI/S & Y\NG HEGELIANS 

,ACCORD+ TO ,DEBORD1 ! UNITY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y !ORY IS TO BE F\ND 9 AN ORIG9AL CRITICAL RELATION ) ! HEGELIAN ?\<T AMONG ! Y\NG HEGELIANS 9 ! #a#h#d'S3 0,ALL ! !ORETICAL CURR5TS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T -- ,/IRN] & ,BAKUN9 AS WELL AS ,M>X -- GREW \T ( A CRITICAL CONFRONTATION ) ,HEGELIAN ?\<T40.<#b#h#h.> ,! SITUATIONNI/S REACTIVATE ?IS CRITICAL CONFRONTATION :I* *>ACT]IZES Y\NG HEGELIANISM4 ,IT IS DIFFICULT TO DET]M9E PRECISELY :I* KN[L$GE ! SITUATIONNI/S HAD FROM ?IS MOVEM5T1 BEYOND ! Y\NG ,M>X'S WRIT+S4 ,NEV]!LESS1 WE KN[ ?AT ,DEBORD PUBLI%$ 9 #aigc 9 ! $ITIONS ,*AMP ,LIBRE A TRANSLATION ( ,AUGU/ ,CIESK[SKI'S ,PROLEGOM5A TO A ,HI/ORIOSOPHY.<#b#h#i.> 7#a#h#c#h7 & T5 YE>S LAT] EV5 WROTE A PREFACE = A POSSIBLE REPUBLI%+ ( ! BOOK4.<#b#i.> ,9 ?IS TEXT1 HE CONSID]S ! POLI% PHILOSOPH] AS 0! D>K PO9T >\ND :I* ! :OLE HI/ORICAL ?\<T KNEW ITS TURN+ PO9T S9CE ONE & AN HALF C5TURY40 ,MOREOV]1 9 ,DEBORD & 9 ,VANEIGEM1 WE CAN F9D HIDD5 QUOTATIONS ( Y\NG HEGELIAN TEXTS -- 9 P>TICUL> ( ,DIE ,REAKTION 9 ,DEUTS*L& 7,! ,REACTION 9 ,G]MANY1 #a#h#d#b71 ! SEM9AL >TICLE ( ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN91 :I* WAS NOT YET TRANSLAT$ 9TO FR5* AT ?AT TIME4 ,SITUATIONNI/S KEEP FROM Y\NG HEGELIANISM ! FACT ?AT M>XI/ 
COMMUNISM & 9DIVIDUALI/IC & COLLECTIVI/ V>IANTS ( AN>*ISM AS WELL HAVE !IR ROOTS 9 AN ORIG9AL CONFRONTATION ) HEGELIAN ?\<T4 ,I WILL BRIEFLY /UDY ?REE Y\NG HEGELIAN !MES1 REACTIVAT$1 UPDAT$ & SOMETIMES TWI/$ BY ! SITUATIONNI/S3 ! CONNECTIONS BETWE5 !ORY & PRACTICE1 ! PRIMACY ( ! NEGATIVE MOM5T 9 ! DIALECTICAL PROCESS1 & F9ALLY ! !ME ( ALI5ATION4 ,I DON'T PRET5D TO EXHAU/1 9 ?AT WAY1 ! PHILOSOPHICAL CONT5T ( SITUATIONNI/ WRIT+S1 NEI!R ! MEAN+ ( !IR RELATION ) ,M>X4 ,I'D JU/ LIKE TO %[ :AT !IR CONCEPTION ( ! UNITY ( REVOLUTION>Y !ORY IMPLIES CONC]N+ !IR RELATION ) ! HI/ORY ( PHILOSOPHY4 

,OR1 PRECISELY1 !IR CONCEPTION ( !ORY 7& ! PO/ULATION ( ITS UNITY ) A HI/ORICAL PRACTICE7 IS ALREADY ! REACTIVATION ( A Y\NG HEGELIAN !ME4 ,= EXAMPLE1 :5 ,DEBORD 9 ,! SOCIETY ( ! SPECTACLE1 *>ACT]IZES ,HEGEL AS 0! PHILOSOPHICAL CULM9ATION ( PHILOSOPHY10.<#b#i#a.> HE REACTIVATES A !ME ?AT CAN BE F\ND 9 ?REE MA9 FIGURES ( Y\NG HEGELIANISM4 ,FIR/ 9 ,CIESK[SKI = :O A ?\<T ( HI/ORY1 A PHILOSOPHY ( ! PRACTICE 7! 0HI/ORIOSOPHY07 HAS TO GO BEYOND ! SPLIT BETWE5 BE+ & ?\<T1 :I* *>ACT]IZES ! OLD PHILOSOPHY3 ,HEGEL'S PHILOSOPHY ( HI/ORY IS A PHILOSOPHY ( ! PA/1 :5 HI/ORIOSOPHY IS A PHILOSOPHY ( ! FUTURE1 :I* DEP5DS ON A PRACTICE4.<#b#i#b.> ,A SIMIL> CONCEPTION CAN BE F\ND 9 ,! ,REACTION 9 ,G]MANY1 ,BAKUN9'S FIR/ REVOLUTION>Y WRIT+3 ,HEGEL IS CLAIM$ TO HAVE 0ALREADY GONE ABOVE !ORY1 BUT 9SIDE ! !ORY ITSELF' & TO HAVE 0PO/ULAT$ A NEW1 PRACTICAL WORLD0.<#b#i#c.> SO ?AT 9 ,HEGEL1 ! !ORY ITSELF1 SEP>AT$ FROM ! PRACTICE UND] ! NAME ( PHILOSOPHY1 F9DS ITS [N LIMIT4 ,& LA/ BUT NOT LEA/1 ,M>X'S ,9TRODUCTION TO ! ,CRITIQUE ( ,HEGEL'S ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,RI<T 7#a#h#d#c7 EXPLA9S ?AT IT IS TIME TO 0REALIZE PHILOSOPHY03 ! FIR/ TASK ( PHILOSOPHY WAS TO CRITICIZE RELIGION1 :I* IS 0! PR]EQUISITE ( ALL CRITICISM10.<#b#i#d.> !RE=E A CRITICISM 9 ACTS ( SOCIAL ALI5ATION1 H5CE1 ! 0TRANSC5D5CE ( ! PROLET>IAT10 0DISSOLUTION ( SOCIETY AS A P>TICUL> E/ATE40.<#b#i#e.> ,9 ! SITUATIONNI/ !ORIES1 ! AIM ( ?IS PO/ULAT$ UNITY BETWE5 !ORY & PRACTICE IS TO OBJECT TO !ORETICAL SPECIALIZATION AS A G]M ( DEG5]ATION = ,M>XISM1 LEAD+ TO AUTORIT>IAN =MS4 ,?IS DEG5]ATION 5DS UP 9 A RELATION ( SUBORD9ATION BETWE5 !ORY & PRACTICE1 :]E ! !ORY BECOMES UNABLE TO RECOGNIZE ! REVOLUTIONN>Y =M ( ORGANIZATION & IGNORES ! RATIONALITY 9H]5T TO ! PRACTICE4.<#b#i#f.> 

,SECONDLY1 9 ,DEBORD & 9 ,VANEIGEM1 ! CRITICAL CONFRONTATION ) ! HEGELIAN ?\<T IS REP]=M$ BY ASS]T+ ! PR$OM9ANCE ( ! NEGATIVE 9 ! DIALECTICAL PROCESS4 ,ONCE AGA91 SITUATIONNI/S GET ?IS !ME FROM ! Y\NG HEGELIANS4 ,BAKUN9'S >TICLE EXPLA9S ?AT ! OPPOSITION 7:I* IS = HIM ! C5T] ( HEGELIAN PHILOSOPHY7 IS 0A PREPOND]ANCE ( ! ,NEGATIVE0 ON ! 
,POSITIVE3.<#b#i#g.> ! NEGATIVE1 ID5TIFI$ AS ! P>TY ( ! REVOLUTION1 IS :AT ! POSITIVE1 ID5TIFI$ AS ! REACTION1 TRIES TO REJECT FROM ITSELF1 SO ?AT ! POSITIVE IS ONLY ! NEGATION ( ! NEGATIVE1 ! NEGATION ( ! DE/RUCTIVE MOVEM5T4 ,! ASS]TION ( ! PREPOND]ANCE ( ! NEGATIVE IS A C5TRAL !ME 9 Y\NG HEGELIANISM1 AS IT ALSO CAN BE F\ND 9 ,BRUNO ,BAU]4.<#b#i#h.> ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT IS IMPORTANT1 ACCORD+ TO ,BAKUN91 TO RECOGNIZE ! POSITIVITY ( ! NEGATIVE1 ?AT IS TO SAY ! NEW WORLD :I* IS SUPPOS$ TO >ISE 9 ! V]Y PROCESS BY :I* ! OLD WORLD P]I%ES4 ,9 ,! SOCIETY ( ! SPECTACLE1 ,DEBORD ID5TIFIES 9 A SIMIL> WAY REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAT AS ! NEGATIVE P>TY.<#b#i#i.> & AT ! SAME TIME1 HE ASS]TS ! PRIMACY ( ! NEGATIVE 9 ! HEGELIAN DIALECTICAL PROCESS -- & ! /YLE ( ! DIALECTICAL !ORY HAS TO EXPRESS ?IS PRIMACY4.<#c.> ,SIMIL>LY1 9 ,! ,REVOLUTION ( ,EV]YDAY ,LIFE1 ,VANEIGEM EXPLA9S ?AT ! NEGATIVE HAS TO BECOME POSITIVE4.<#c#a.> ,?IS !ME WAS BRILLIANTLY ILLU/RAT$ 9 ,BAKUN9'S >TICLE ) ! FAM\S S5T5CE3 0,! PASSION = DE/RUCTION IS A CREATIVE PASSION1 TOO40.<#c#b.> ,?IS S5T5CE IS QUOT$ 7)\T ANY M5TION ( ORIG97 9SIDE A *APT] ( ! BOOK :I* RELATES ! SITUATIONNI/S' CONTRIBUTION TO ! EV5TS ( #aifh 9 ,FRANCE1.<#c#c.> AS IT WAS 9 ,VANEIGEM'S BOOK4.<#c#d.> ,?IS READ+ ( ! HEGELIAN DIALECTICAL PROCESS HAS A PRECISE MEAN+ 9 SITUATIONNI/S3 REVOLUTION>Y !ORY1 UNIT>Y !ORY1 EXPRESSES ! GLOBAL REJECTION ( ! ACTUAL WORLD1 & A NEW WORLD CAN BE BORN ONLY FROM ! GLOBAL NEGATION ( ?IS WORLD4 

,EV5TUALLY1 SITUATIONNI/S1 AS O!R M>XI/S 9 ! #f'S1 USE TO A L>GE EXT5D ! CONCEPT ( ALI5ATION4 ,!Y [E ?IS USE TO A P>TICUL> READ+ ( ,M>X'S ,ECONOMIC & ,PHILOSOPHICAL ,MANUSCRIPTS ( #ahdd AS A SEM9AL WORK :I* CONTA9S ,M>X'S PHILOSOPHY1 LAT] DEVELOP$ 9 ! RE/ ( HIS WRIT+S4 ,IT'S A RECON/RUCTION ( M>XISM BAS$ ON A PHILOSOPHY ( ALI5ATION1 9 :I* ! !ME ( COMMODITY FETI*ISM HAS ITS PLACE 79 ,DEBORD P>TICUL>LY.<#c#e.>74 ,! !ME ( ALI5ATION IS ESPECIALLY US$ 9 ,VANEIGEM'S BOOK1 )\T ANY M5TION ( ITS M>XIAN NOR HEGELIAN ORIG94 ,9 FACT1 ! CONCEPT ( ALI5ATION IS TRANS=M$ BY ! SITUATIONNI/S 9 TWO WAYS4 ,9 ,M>X1 ?IS CONCEPT 7:I* TRANSLATES TWO G]MAN WORDS3 ,5TAUSS]UNG -- GIV+ SOME?+ UP BY ALI5AT+ IT -- & ,5FREMDUNG -- :5 ! ALI5AT$ OBJECT HAS BECOME /RANG]7 IS ! RESULT ( A TRANSF] FROM ! FIELD ( RELIGION CRITICISM TO ! FIELD ( SOCIAL & POLITICAL CRITICISM4 ,M>X HAD READ ?IS TRANSF] 9 ,MOSES ,HESS'S ,ON ! ESS5CE ( MONEY4 ,9 ! SAME WAY ?AT 9 ,*RI/IANITY 79 ,FEU]BA*7 HUMAN ESS5CE IS ALI5AT$1 SO ?AT HUMANITY IS 
UNABLE TO RECOGNIZE :AT %E'S OPPRESS$ BY1 ! HUMAN BE+1 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES1 ALI5ATES ITS VITAL ACTIVITY 9 MONEY1 :I* IS ANO!R =M ( OPPRESSION4 ,9 ! SITUATIONNI/ APPROPRIATION ( ?IS !ME1 ! FIR/ TRANS=MATION IS AN HI/ORICIZATION3 9 ,! ,REVOLUTION ( ,EV]YDAY ,LIFE1 ,VANEIGEM EXPLA9S ?AT HI/ORY IS A 0TRANS=MATION ( NATURAL ALI5ATION 9TO SOCIAL ALI5ATION40.<#c#f.> ,! SECOND TRANS=MATION IS A WID5+4 ,9 ,M>X'S ,MANUSCRIPTS1 ALI5ATION APPLIES TO ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION3 ! WORK] BECOMES SLAVE ( ! MA*9ES & IS DISPOSSESS$ ( ! FRUIT ( HIS LABORS4 ,SITUATIONNI/S EXP& ?IS !ME TO ! CONSUM]'S ALI5ATION4 ,ALI5ATION IS COMMODITY ALI5ATION3 IT HAPP5S 9 ! COMMODITY PRODUCTION 7! WORK]S LO/ ! CONTROL ( !IR LABOR & ( ! FRUITS ( !IR LABORS7 & ALSO 9 ! COMMODITY CONSUMPTION1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! SPECTACLE AS ! ULTIMATE COMMODITY1 ACCORD+ TO ,DEBORD4.<#c#g.> ,SPECTACLE IS ALI5ATION 9S(> AS 0! PASSIVE CONTEMPLATION ( IMAGES1 :I* HAVE BE5 MOREOV] *OS5 BY SOMEONE ELSE1 SUB/ITUTES = :AT IS EXP]I5C$ & = ! DET]M9ATION ( ! EV5TS BY ! 9DIVIDUAL ITSELF0.<#c#h.> &1 EV5TUALLY DOM9ATES ! 9DIVIDUAL4 

,CONCLUSION3 ,BEYOND ,BLACK & ,R$ TODAY 

,SITUATIONNI/ CRITICISM IS (T5 R$UC$ TO ITS NEGATIVE DIM5SION & ITS ATTEMPT TO GO BEYOND \TDAT$ OPPOSITIONS1 SU* AS BLACK & R$4 ,?IS R$UCTION GAVE ! IMPRESSION ?AT SITUATIONNI/S !ORIES W]E RADICALLY NEW & RADICALLY SEP>AT$ FROM ! HI/ORY ( ! WORK]S MOVEM5T4 ,YET1 SU* A FASC9ATION HAS NO?+ TO DO ) SITUATIONNI/ !ORIES1 AL?\< IT HAPP5S AMONG ?OSE :O W]E D5\NC$ BY ,DEBORD 5 #aigb AS 0PRO-SITUS40 ,!SE ONES T5D TO CONSID] ?AT SITUATIONNI/ !SIS SUDD5LY >ISE 9 HI/ORY1 COMPLETELY \T ( ! BLUE4 ,PREV5T+ ! DOM9AT$ ONES TO REMEMB] ! HI/ORY ( !IR REVOLTS IS ONE ( ! P[]FUL EFFECTS ( ! SOCIETY ( ! SPECTACLE4 ,= ?AT V]Y REASON1 IT IS IMPORTANT TO RECALL ?AT SITUATIONNI/S ATTEMPT$ TO GO BEYOND ! OPPOSITION BETWE5 BLACK & R$ = ! SAKE ( A REVOLUTION>Y !ORY1 :I* UNITY HAS TO BE RE/OR$1 9TEGRAT+ ! SOCIAL & HI/ORICAL EXP]IM5T ( ! WORK]S C\NCILS & BEYOND ! ALI5ATION ( !ORY 9 BUREAUCRATIC ECONOMISM4 ,SO H]E IS ! SITUATIONNI/ ANSW] TO ! QUE/ION ?AT =MS ! MATT] ( ?IS CONF]5CE3 BLACK IS DEAD1 R$ IS DEAD1 BUT ! UNIFICATION ( BO? TR5DS IS /ILL ! MANIFE/ATION ( ! WORK]S DEMOCRACY & HAS TO BE KEPT AT ! HEAD ( ! AG5DA ( HI/ORY4 

,YET SITUATIONNI/ CONCEPTS ( UNITY & TOTALITY HAVE TO BE QUE/ION$4 ,! CAPITALI/ SOCIETY IS TO BE 5TIRELY REJECT$1 & A UNIT>Y !ORY CAN BE V]Y USEFUL1 BUT A QUE/ION REMA9S3 IS !RE ONLY ONE ALT]NATIVE TO ?IS SOCIETY8 ,BLACK & R$ TODAY MEAN ! MULTIPLICITY ( ! REAL SOCIAL ALT]NATIVES1 AVOID+ HI]>*Y & ! RULE ( COMMODITY4 ,MOREOV]1 WE HAVE TO RECOGNIZE :I* *>ACT]S ( \R SOCIETIES REMA9 \TSIDE ?AT RULE1 SU* AS PUBLIC S]VICES1 :I* HAVE TO BE SELF-MANAG$ BY ! WORK]S & ! US]S4 ,!SE ASPECTS ( \R SOCIETY >E A K9D ( COLLECTIVE 9H]ITANCE :I* ESCAPES P>TIALLY FROM ! RULE ( COMMODITY BUT ALWAYS RISKS TO BE CAU<T UP4 

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