,IS ,Y\R ,JOB ,BULL%IT8 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,DAVID ,GRAEB] 

,TEXT 3 

,DAVID ,GRAEB] HAD A HYPO!SIS4 ,! AN?ROPOLOGI/ GREW UP WORK+-CLASS 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 & :ILE HIS S*OL>%IP G>N]$ ACCOLADES1 HE'S NEV] FELT AT HOME 9 ! WORLD ( ACADEMIA4 ,FROM HIS TIME AS A PR(ESSOR AT ,YALE 75D$ PREMATURELY1 HE BELIEVES1 DUE TO HIS AN>*I/ ACTIVISM7 TO HIS CURR5T GIG AT ! ,LONDON ,S*OOL ( ,ECONOMICS1 HE KEPT RUNN+ 9TO PR(ESSIONAL MANAG]S :O DIDN'T SEEM TO DO MU*4 ,OV] DR9KS1 SOME CONFESS$ !Y ACTUALLY DIDN'T DO MU*2 !Y SP5T A FEW H\RS A WEEK WORK+ & ! RE/ BR[S+ CAT MEMES4 

,GRAEB] DEVELOP$ A SUSPICION ?AT ?IS WAS RA!R COMMON &1 9 #b#a#c1 WROTE AN ESSAY = ,/RIKE6 MAGAZ9E1 0,ON ! ,PH5OM5ON ( ,BULL%IT ,JOBS40 ,IT WAS JU/ A HYPO!SIS -- HALFWAY A JOKE -- BUT ! PIECE WAS TRANSLAT$ 9TO AT LEA/ A DOZ5 LANGUAGES & REPR9T$ ALL OV] ! 9T]NET1 :]E IT ELICIT$ FLOODS ( COMM5TS FROM PEOPLE SAY+3 0,I HAVE A BULL%IT JOB40 

,A SUBSEQU5T ,Y\,GOV SURVEY F\ND ?AT #cg P]C5T ( ,BRITI% WORK]S BELIEVE !IR JOB MAKES NO 0MEAN+FUL CONTRIBUTION TO ! WORLD0 -- MORE ?AN ,GRAEB] EXPECT$4 ,SO1 HE DUG DEEP]1 SOLICIT+ TE/IMONIALS & RESE>*+ ! POLITICAL1 CULTURAL & ECONOMIC /RUCTURES ?AT 5C\RAGE MILLIONS ( PEOPLE TO EFFECTIVELY WA/E #d H\RS A WEEK4 ,! RESULT IS ,BULL%IT ,JOBS3 ,A ,!ORY1 A PLAYFUL & PROVOCATIVE TAKE ON :AT HE CALLS 0A SC> ACROSS \R COLLECTIVE S\L40 ,9 ,!SE ,TIMES SPOKE TO ,GRAEB] AB\T ! JOBS PROBLEM1 ITS CAUSES & ! FUTURE ( CAPITALISM4 

,H[ DID Y\ DET]M9E :AT C\NTS AS A 0BULL%IT JOB08 

,D,G3 ,I'M NOT GO+ TO TELL ANYONE :O ?9KS !IR JOB IS MEAN+FUL & IMPORTANT ?AT IT ISN'T4 ,PEOPLE W]5'T SAY+1 0,I M>KET SELFIE /ICKS1 SELFIE /ICKS >E /UPID1 ?AT'S A BULL%IT JOB40 ,!Y ASSUM$ ?AT1 IF SOMEONE ACTUALLY WANTS SOME?+1 !N IT'S NOT BULL%IT4 ,!Y W]5'T JUDGM5TAL AB\T CONSUM] TA/E4 

,A BULL%IT JOB IS A JOB ?AT ! P]SON DO+ IT BELIEVES IS PO9TLESS1 & IF ! JOB DIDN'T EXI/ IT W\LD EI!R MAKE NO DIFF]5CE :ATSOEV] OR IT W\LD MAKE ! WORLD A BETT] PLACE4 

,! EXI/5CE ( BULL%IT JOBS SEEMS TO CUT AGA9/ ! IDEA ?AT CAPITALISM IS EFFICI5T & SQUEEZES LABOR4 

,D,G3 ,CAPITALISM TREATS BLUE-COLL> & :ITE-COLL> WAGE E>N]S DIFF]5TLY ?AN SAL>Y E>N]S4 ,S9CE ! #a#i#hS1 ANYBODY :O HAS A NON-BULL%IT JOB1 :O IS DO+ ACTUAL WORK1 HAS SE5 !IR WORK D[NSIZ$1 SP$ UP & ,TAYLORIZ$4 

,SIMULTANE\SLY1 CAPITALISM HAS PRODUC$ 5DLESS BULL%IT :ITE-COLL> JOBS1 :I* >E DESIGN$ TO MAKE Y\ ID5TIFY ) ! S5SIBILITIES ( MANAG]S4 ,I CALL ?IS MANAG]IAL FEUDALISM1 :]EBY !Y KEEP ADD+ MORE & MORE & MORE LEVELS ( 9T]M$I>Y EXECUTIVES4 ,IF Y\'RE AN EXECUTIVE Y\ NE$ TO HAVE AN ASSI/ANT OR ELSE Y\'RE NOT IMPORTANT1 SO !Y HIRE !SE FLUNKIES4 ,IT HAS TO DO ) P[]1 REALLY4 

,IT SCREWS UP ! CREATIVE 9DU/RIES4 ,MOVIES HAVE SEV5 DIFF]5T LEVELS ( EXECUTIVES1 :O ALL HAVE !SE COMPLICAT$ TITLES4 ,!Y ALL FUCK ) ! SCRIPT & EV]Y?+ TURNS 9TO MU%4 ,PEOPLE PO9T \T ?IS IS :Y MOVIES >E SO BAD N[4 

,9 UNIV]SITIES1 Y\ HAVE ?IS MANAG]IAL CLASS ?AT'S TAK5 OV] FROM ! PR(ESSORS4 ,!Y DON'T KN[ :AT ! HELL PR(ESSORS DO4 ,! MORE DI/ANT ! MANAG]S >E FROM :AT !Y'RE MANAG+1 ! MORE NUMB]S !Y NE$ BECAUSE !Y DON'T UND]/& TEA*+ !MSELVES1 & AS A RESULT WE PR(ESSORS HAVE TO SP5D A L>G] & L>G] P]C5TAGE ( \R TIME TRANSLAT+ \R ACTIVITIES 9TO !SE QUANTITATIVE T]MS ?AT !Y SET \T4 

,Y\ W\LD ?9K ?AT SOMEBODY W\LD RAISE AN OBJECTION TO ?IS4 ,IT'S QUITE REM>KABLE ACTUALLY H[ Y\ HAVE SOME?+ ?AT'S SU* A GL>+ CONTRADICTION 9 ! BASIC IDEOLOGY ( CAPITALISM & NOBODY TALKS AB\T IT4 

,:Y ELSE HAVE BULL%IT JOBS BE5 9CREAS+8 

,D,G3 ,!RE IS ?IS RISE-(-!-ROBOTS LOGIC1 ?IS FE> ?AT GRADUALLY TE*NOLOGY IS GO+ TO ?R[ MORE & MORE PEOPLE \T ( WORK4 ,PEOPLE SAY1 0,LOOK1 IT HASN'T HAPP5$40 

,I ?9K IT DID HAPP51 BUT !Y MADE UP !SE IMAG9>Y JOBS TO KEEP US WORK+ ANYWAY1 BECAUSE WE HAVE AN IRRATIONAL ECONOMY ?AT MAKES PEOPLE WORK EI<T H\RS :E!R OR NOT !RE'S ANY?+ TO DO4 ,CAN Y\ HAVE A SUR] SIGN ( A /UPID ECONOMIC SY/EM ?AN ONE 9 :I* ! PROSPECT ( GETT+ RID ( ON]\S LABOR IS CONSID]$ A PROBLEM8 ,ANY RATIONAL ECONOMIC SY/EM W\LD R$I/RIBUTE ! NECESS>Y WORK 9 A REASONABLE WAY & EV]YBODY W\LD WORK LESS4 

,IT'S /RIK+ H[ MU* PEOPLE REPORT HAT+ !IR BULL%IT JOB4 

,D,G3 ,!Y'RE MIS]ABLE6 ,TWO OR ?REE PEOPLE SAID !Y K9D ( LIKE !IR BULL%IT JOBS1 BUT ! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY1 !Y'RE SICK ALL ! TIME4 ,!Y TALK AB\T DEPRESSION1 !Y TALK AB\T COMPLEX ILLNESSES1 PSY*OLOGICAL & PHYSICAL & IMMUNE PROBLEMS ?AT ALL CLE>LY HAVE TO DO ) T5SION & ANXIETY & DEPRESSION4 

,& ALSO !Y'RE MEAN TO EA* O!R4 ,!Y SCREAM AT EA* O!R4 ,! MORE MEAN+LESS ! WORK1 ! MORE PEOPLE SUFF] DO+ IT & ! WORSE !Y TREAT EA* O!R4 

,DOES ?IS UNHAPP9ESS 9DICATE SOME?+ MORE FUNDAM5TAL8 

,D,G3 ,PSY*OLOGI/ ,K>L ,GROOS US$ ?IS PHRASE1 & IT ALWAYS /RUCK ME1 0! PLEASURE ( BE+ A CAUSE40 ,:5 *ILDR5 FIR/ REALIZE ?AT :5 !Y KNOCK SOME?+ OV]1 !Y CAN DO IT AGA9 9 ! SAME WAY & IT WILL HAVE ! SAME RESULT1 !RE IS A K9D ( PURE JOY & HAPP9ESS4 ,?IS BECOMES ! BASIS ( Y\R S5SE ( AG5CY & S5SE ( SELF = ! RE/ ( Y\R LIFE4 

,:5 Y\ DEPRIVE *ILDR5 ( ?AT AG5CY1 !Y ALMO/ FEEL CATATONIC4 ,?AT %[S WE >E CREATURES :O NE$ PROJECTS ( TRANS=M+ ! WORLD >\ND US4 ,IF WE CAN'T DO ?AT1 WE H>DLY EXI/4 

,SO ?IS !ORY ( HUMAN NATURE PROMULGAT$ BY ECONOMI/S & RI<T-W+ POLITICIANS ?AT PEOPLE BASICALLY WANT SOME?+ = NO?+ -- ?AT IF Y\ JU/ GIVE !M MONEY !Y'RE GO+ TO LAZE >\ND & WAT* ,T,V & GET DRUNK ALL DAY -- IT'S NOT TRUE4 

,:AT >E SOME ( ! WAYS \T8 

,D,G3 ,I'VE BE5 WORK+ ) PEOPLE :O'VE BECOME BIG ADVOCATES = A UNIV]SAL BASIC 9COME4 ,IT'S NOT ! ONLY SOLUTION1 BUT IT CON=MS ) MY POLITICAL 9/9CTS4 ,PEOPLE ?9K ?AT IS ODD BECAUSE ,I'M AN AN>*I/4 ,:Y W\LD ,I WANT A POLICY :]E ! GOV]NM5T W\LD JU/ GIVE PEOPLE MONEY8 ,ISN'T ?AT GIV+ P[] TO ! GOV]NM5T8 ,I SAY1 NO4 

,A BASIC 9COME W\LD BE ! P]FECT LEFTI/ ANTIBUREAUCRATIC POLICY4 ,IT W\LD NOT ONLY R$UCE ! NUMB] ( BUREAUCRATS1 BUT IT W\LD GET RID ( ! WOR/ ( !M1 ! ANNOY+ ONES :O DECIDE :E!R Y\'RE REALLY POOR 5\< TO DES]VE ?IS1 OR :E!R Y\'RE REALLY M>RI$ TO ?AT P]SON OR :E!R Y\ REALLY LIVE 9 ?AT ROOM4 

,BESIDES1 !Y'RE UNHAPPY1 ?OSE 9TRUSIVE BUREAUCRATS AB\T :OM Y\ WOND]1 0,H[ CAN !Y LIVE ) !MSELVES80 ,WELL A LOT ( !M CAN'T4 ,?OSE GUYS W\LD BE (F ! HOOK4 ,!Y C\LD GO =M A ROCK B& OR RE/ORE ANTIQUE FURNITURE OR DO SOME?+ NICE4 

,:AT DREW Y\ TO EXPLORE BULL%IT JOBS8 

,D,G3 ,I HAVE T5D$ TO FOCUS ON ! IDEOLOGICAL /RONG PO9TS ( ! O!R SIDE4 ,?AT'S :AT MY BOOK ,DEBT3 ,! ,FIR/ #e1 ,YE>S CAME \T (-- MO/ PEOPLE ?9K ?AT PEOPLE :O [E MONEY & DON'T PAY IT BACK >E BAD4 ,) BULL%IT JOBS1 !RE IS ! IDEA ?AT IF Y\'RE NOT WORK+ H>D AT SOME?+ Y\ DON'T 5JOY1 !N Y\'RE A BAD P]SON & DON'T DES]VE PUBLIC RELIEF4 ,?OSE DEEPLY ROOT$ BELIEFS >E ! /RONGE/ WEAPONS CAPITALISM HAS4 

,! AN?ROPOLOGI/'S ROLE IS TO TAKE ?+S ?AT SEEM NATURAL & PO9T \T ?AT !Y'RE NOT1 ?AT !Y'RE SOCIAL CON/RUCTS & ?AT WE C\LD EASILY DO ?+S ANO!R WAY4 ,IT'S 9H]5TLY LIB]AT+4 

,Y\R EXPLANATION SUGGE/ CAPITALISM IS A LESS TOTALIZ+ SY/EM ?AN SOME MI<T ?9K4 

,D,G3 ,IT'S RAPIDLY TRANS=M+ 9TO SOME?+ ?AT MI<T NOT EV5 BE CAPITALISM1 ?\< IT MI<T BE JU/ AS BAD4 ,:5 WE ?9K ( SOME?+ AS TOTALIZ+1 WE ASSUME ?AT TO GET FROM ONE TOTALIZ+ ?+ TO ANO!R Y\ NE$ SOME K9D ( FUNDAM5TAL BREAK4 ,BUT HI/ORICAL *ANGE T5DS TO BE SOME:AT GRADUAL & COMPLICAT$4 ,AT :AT PO9T DOES ! O!R /UFF MIX$ 9 ) CAPITALISM MEAN IT'S NOT EV5 CAPITALISM ANYMORE8 

,I REMEMB] HAV+ ?IS >GUM5T ) CONV5TIONAL ,M>XI/S AB\T ! TRANSITION FROM FEUDALISM TO CAPITALISM4 ,OKAY1 SAY ?AT CAPITALISM />T$ >\ND #a#e4 ,& ! ,M>XI/S 9SI/ ?AT CAPITALISM IS ORGANIZ$ >\ND WAGE LABOR4 ,BUT WAGE LABOR WAS M>G9AL UNTIL ! 9DU/RIAL REVOLUTION1 >\ND #a#g#e4 ,H[ CAN Y\ SAY ?AT WAGE LABOR IS C5TRAL TO CAPITALISM IF1 = #be YE>S1 IT WAS A T9Y ELEM5T8 

,& ( C\RSE ! ,M>XI/ WILL SAY1 0,WELL Y\'RE NOT ?9K+ DIALECTICALLY4 ,FROM #ae TO #a#g#e1 PEOPLE W]E 9 A PROCESS ?AT WAS GO+ TO LEAD TO WAGE LABOR1 !Y JU/ DIDN'T REALIZE IT YET40 ,& ,I REALIZ$1 WAIT A M9UTE1 IF ?AT'S ! CASE1 H[ DO WE KN[ ?AT WE >E EV5 9 CAPITALISM N[8 ,MAYBE WE >E ALREADY #a YE>S 9TO A PROCESS LEAD+ US TO SOME?+ & WE DON'T EV5 KN[ :AT IT IS4 ,BY ?AT LOGIC1 CAPITALISM C\LD HAVE 5D$ 9 LIKE #a#i#e1 & WE'LL ONLY FULLY KN[ :AT REPLAC$ IT 9 #b#a#g#e4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #b#h? ,NOVEMB] #bba FROM 9!SETIMES4COM47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,IS ,Y\R ,JOB ,BULL%IT8 -- ,ADD$4 

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