,ITALY3 ,WE ,P>TISANS 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CRIME?,9C4 

,TEXT 3 

,9 ,FEBRU>Y & ,M>*1 DUR+ ! RUN-UP TO ! ELECTIONS1 ,ITALY EXP]I5C$ A P]IOD ( 9T5SE CONFLICT BETWE5 FASCI/S & ANTI-FASCI/S ANALOG\S TO ! P]IOD 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ?AT CULM9AT$ ) ! /RUGGLE 9 ,*>LOTTESVILLE 9 ,AUGU/ #b#a#g4 ,9 HOPES ( LE>N+ FROM H[ !SE CONFLICTS >E PLAY+ \T 9 DIFF]5T P>TS ( ! WORLD1 WE REA*$ \T TO \R COMRADES 9 ,ITALY TO LE>N AB\T ! HI/ORY ( FASCISM ON ! ,ITALIAN P59SULA1 ! CURR5T /ATE ( ! AUTONOM\S MOVEM5TS RESI/+ IT1 & ! POSSIBILITIES & OB/ACLES AHEAD4 

,ACROSS ! WORLD1 REACTION>Y MOVEM5TS HAVE EM]G$ PROMOT+ NATIONALI/ & RACIALI/ VALUES4 ,! GLOBAL REBELLIONS ( #b#a#a-#b#a#d PRODUC$ =MIDABLE 5EMIES1 AS MANY HA/5$ TO DEF5D ! 9EQUALITIES & 9DIGNITIES ?AT AUTONOM\S /RUGGLES W]E FI<T+ TO ABOLI%4 

,EV5 TODAY1 AT ! NADIR ( ! REACTION1 !SE /RUGGLES HAVE ONLY CONT9U$ TO GA9 MOM5TUM4 ,LA/ YE>1 ANTI-FASCI/ /RUGGLES EXPLOD$ ACROSS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9 ! WAKE ( ,TRUMP'S ELECTORAL VICTORY4 ,A PROTRACT$ /RUGGLE AGA9/ MISOGYNI/S1 ! ALT-RI<T1 & FULL-FL$G$ NEO-,NAZIS BR\<T T5S ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE 9TO ! /REET TO SUPPORT CONFRONTATIONAL TACTICS & ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN VALUES4 

,! SAME PROCESS ( POL>IZATION & ESCALATION IS PLAY+ \T 9 ,ITALY4 ,ON ,FEBRU>Y #c1 #b#a#h1 #b#h-YE>-OLD ,LUCA ,TRA9I %OT SIX ,AFRICAN IMMIGRANTS 9 ! SMALL T[N ( ,MAC]ATA4 ,TRA9I IS AN IDEOLOGICAL FASCI/ & ONE-TIME POLITICIAN ASSOCIAT$ ) ! ,LEGA ,NORD1 ,=ZA ,NUOVA1 & ,CASA,P\ND4 ,9 ! WAKE ( ! %OOT+1 FEW ORGANIZ$ UNIONS & POLITICAL P>TIES ROSE TO CONDEMN ! MURD]S4 ,) ELECTIONS FA/ APPROA*+1 IT WAS UNCLE> H[ ! PUBLIC P]CEIV$ EV5 ! MO/ VILE ATTACKS4 ,NO ONE FROM ANY P>TY WAS PREP>$ TO CONDEMN ! KILL+S 9 A WAY ?AT MI<T JEOP>DIZE !IR ELECTORAL /RATEGIES4 

,ON ,FEBRU>Y #i1 ?\S&S ( AUTONOM\S PROTE/]S & WORK+ CLASS ,ROMANS M>*$ 9 ! ,TOR ,PIGNATT>A DI/RICT1 D5\NC+ ! FASCI/S4 ,TWO DAYS LAT]1 A HUGE CR[D M>*$ 9 ! SMALL VILLAGE ( ,MAC]ATA1 & HUNDR$S ( PROTE/]S CLA%$ ) RIOT POLICE 9 ! SMALL NOR!RN VILLAGE ( ,PIAC5ZA1 :]E FASCI/ GR\P ,CASA,P\ND HOP$ TO HO/ A CELEBRATION AT !IR LOCAL SOCIAL C5T] ON ! ONE-YE> ANNIV]S>Y ( ITS OP5+4 ,! IMAGES FROM ,MAC]ATA & ,PIAC5ZA SPREAD VIRALLY ON ! ,9T]NET1 & FOOTAGE ( A C>AB9I]E BE+ BEAT5 ) HIS [N %IELD PLAY$ ON TELEVISION SCRE5S 9 TRA9 /ATIONS & C(FEE B>S ACROSS ! P59SULA4 ,CLA%ES BETWE5 ANTI-FASCI/ PROTE/]S & POLICE & ! EXTREME RI<T BROKE \T 9 O!R P>TS ( ,ITALY1 9CLUD+ ,PAVIA1 ,TR5TO1 ,BOLOGNA1 ,NAPOLI1 ,TOR9O1 & ,ROV]ETO4 

,! RI<T-W+ P>TY ,LEGA ,NORD WON A PLURALITY 9 ! ELECTIONS ( ,M>* #d1 #bah & ,/EVE ,BANNON WAS !RE TO BE> WITNESS4 ,IDEOLOGICAL FASCI/S & AU?ORIT>IANS ( SEV]AL /RIPES >E CONCEAL+ !MSELVES BEH9D ! F>CICAL POPULISM ( ,LEGA ,NORD1 :I* (FICIALLY PROMOTES AN 0,ITALIANS FIR/0 POLICY4 ,LIKE FASCI/S 9 ! ,U,S1 !SE MOVEM5TS HOPE TO GA9 GR\ND 9 ! WAKE ( ! ELECTIONS4 

,:5 ! /AKES >E ?IS HI<1 ONLY ?OSE ) NO?+ TO GA9 FROM COMPROMIS+ ) FASCI/S CAN BE TRU/$ TO RESI/ ! TYRANNICAL BR& ( CAPITALISM ?AT IS SWEEP+ ACROSS ! GLOBE UND] ! BANN]S ( NATIONALISM & SUPPOS$ 0ANTI-GLOBALISM40 ,H]E1 WE TAKE A CLOS] LOOK AT ANTI-FASCISM 9 ,ITALY 9 ORD] TO GA9 P]SPECTIVE ON \R SITUATION 9 ! ,U,S4 ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN FASCI/S DRAW 9SPIRATION FROM ,EUROPEAN FASCI/ GR\PS SU* AS ,CASA,P\ND1 ,G5]ATION ,ID5TITY1 ! ,GOLD5 ,DAWN1 & ! ,NORDIC ,RESI/ANCE ,MOVEM5T1 NOT TO M5TION ,P,E,G,I,D,A & ! 0,BREXIT0 CAMPAIGN4 ,WE W\LD DO WELL TO CONT9UE /UDY+ \R COMRADES' EF=TS AGA9/ !M1 TO BETT] UND]/& \R [N OPTIONS H]E4 

,ANTI-,FASCISM 9 ,ITALY FROM ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I TO ,TODAY 

  

#aide - ,AT ! 5D ( ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I1 ,ITALY IS (FICIALLY RE-ORGANIZ$ AS A DEMOCRACY BY ,ALLI$ =CES4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ & ,CA?OLIC P>TIES 7,P,C,I & ,D,C7 >E 9TEGRAT$ 9TO ! GOV]NM5T BECAUSE BO? P>TICIPAT$1 9 !IR [N WAYS1 9 ! ,ITALIAN ,LIB]ATION ,W> 9 :I* P>TISANS F\<T TO DEPOSE FASCI/S & DRIVE \T ! ,G]MAN ,NAZI OCCUPY+ >MIES4 ,! P>TIES ( ! 9/ITUTIONAL LEFT PROMOTE A MOD]ATE READ+ ( ! ,RESI/5ZA & ! ANTI-FASCI/ MOVEM5T4 ,= !M1 ! 5D ( ! ,W> REPRES5T$ A MOM5T ( NATIONAL UNITY1 NOT A 9SURRECTIONAL OR REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 

,BETWE5 ,ITALIAN FASCISM & DEMOCRACY1 !RE IS A /RICT CONT9UITA DELLO /ATO 70CONT9UITY ( ! /ATE073 EV]Y EF=T WAS MADE TO PREV5T A PURGE ( /ATE /RUCTURES )9 ! JUDICI>Y1 LAW 5=CEM5T AG5CIES1 & ! >MY4 ,AN AD HOC COMMISSION WAS CONV5$ TO 5SURE ?AT ,ITALIAN W> CRIM9ALS RETA9$ IMPUNITY = !IR IMP]IALI/ ACTIVITIES 9 ! ,BALKANS & ,AFRICA4 ,?IS PROCESS WAS CALL$ ! 0AMNI/IA ,TOGLIATTI40 ,:ILE IT EMPTI$ PRISONS & CLOS$ TRIALS = ! HEIRS ( ,SALO1 FASCI/-]A MAGI/RATES 9ITIAT$ ! JUDICIAL P]SECUTION ( ?\S&S ( ANTI-FASCI/ P>TISANS1 *IEFLY COMMUNI/S & AN>*I/S1 :O HAD ILLEGALLY COMBAT$ FASCISM = A QU>T] ( A C5TURY4 

,CONT9UITY ( ! /ATE 5ABL$ FIGURES ( ! FASCI/ REGIME TO ASSUME KEY ROLES 9 ! NASC5T REPUBLICAN /ATE 9 ! NAME ( ANTI-,COMMUNISM1 ) ! BLESS+ ( ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T4 ,ITALY HAS NOT EXORCIZ$ ! SPECT]S ?AT L+] FROM ITS FASCI/ & COLONIAL PA/4 ,! AV]AGE ,ITALIAN CITIZ5 DOES NOT KN[ ?AT ,ITALY US$ GAS ON ! ,AFRICAN POPULATION2 HE ?9KS ?AT ! RACIAL LAWS ( ! ,?IRD ,REI* W]E HORRIBLE BUT ?AT ,MUSSOL9I1 BY COMP>ISON1 WAS NOT SO BAD4 ,?ANKS TO ?IS CONT9UITY1 EV5 TODAY1 LAWS SU* AS ! ,ROCCO ,CODE REMA9 9 =CE FROM ! FASCI/ REGIME4 

,9 EV]Y SIGNIFICANT \TBUR/ ( REVOLT S9CE ! TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY1 COMBATIVE PROTE/]S1 SU* AS ?OSE :O MOBILIZ$ 9 #ba AGA9/ ! ,G#h SUMMIT 9 ,G5OVA1 HAVE BE5 *>G$ ) ,FASCI/-]A CRIMES SU* AS DEVE/AZIONE E SAC*EGIO 70DEVA/ATION & SACK+074 

,DECEMB] #b#f1 #aidf - ,! ,MOVIM5TO ,SOCIALE ,ITALIANO 7,M,S,I7 IS F\ND$ BY =M] EXPON5TS ( ! FASCI/ REGIME4 ,! P>TY IS 9SPIR$ BY ! ,REPUBBLICA ,SOCIALE ,ITALIANA4 ,9 #a#i#d#h1 ! ,M,S,I P>TICIPAT$ 9 NATIONAL POLITICAL ELECTIONS4 

#aidg - ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY IS EXPELL$ FROM ! GOV]NM5T4 

,JULY #aif - ,F]N&O ,TAMBRONI ( ! ,*RI/IAN ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY SEEKS TO =M A GOV]NM5T ) ! P>TICIPATION ( ! ,M,S,I4 ,?IS IS ! FIR/ EXAMPLE ( ,LEFT P>TIES BE+ OP5LY COMPLICIT ) ! F> RI<T AFT] ! W>4 ,CLA%ES BETWE5 PROLET>IANS1 POLICE1 & FASCI/S ]UPT ALL OV] ,ITALY1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,G5OVA & ,ROME4 ,= ! FIR/ TIME AFT] ! W>1 ! CLA%ES W]E NOT CONTROLL$ BY LEFT UNIONS OR P>TIES4 

,APRIL #b#g1 #aiff -,PAOLO ,ROSSI1 A UNIV]SITY /UD5T1 IS MURD]$ BY A FASCI/ 9 ! FIR/ WIDELY KN[N POLITICALLY MOTIVAT$ PO/-,W> HOMICIDE ( AN ANTI-FASCI/4 

,DECEMB] #a#b1 #aifi - ,A BOMB EXPLODES 9 A BANK 9 ! ,PIAZZA ,FONTANA1 KILL+ MANY PEOPLE & 9JUR+ DOZ5S MORE 9 ! NOR!RN 9DU/RIAL CITY ( ,MILANO4 ,POLICE >RE/ SEV]AL AN>*I/S--ONE ( :OM1 ,GIUSEPPE ,P9ELLI1 DIES AFT] 0FALL+0 FROM ! W9D[ ( ! POLICE /ATION DUR+ HIS 9T]ROGATION BY POLICE ,SUP]9T5D5T ,LUIGI ,CALABRESI4.<#a.> ,YE>S LAT]1 IT CAME \T ?AT FASCI/S W]E RESPONSIBLE = ! BOMB+1 QUITE POSSIBLY ) ! COLLUSION ( /ATE ACTORS4 ,FOLL[+ ! MASSACRE1 A MASSIVE & RADICAL ANTI-FASCI/ MOVEM5T SPREAD ?R\<\T ,ITALY4 

#a#i#f#i-#a#i#g#i3 - ,ALONGSIDE ! ESS5TIALLY NATIONAL-REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONS ?AT HOPE TO SUBV]T ! DEMOCRATIC ORD] ( ! REPUBLICAN /ATE BY >M$ /RUGGLE 7SU* AS ! ,NUCLEI ,>MATI ,RIVOLUZION>I1 ,N,>71 O!R GR\PS TAKE %APE 79CLUD+ ,ORD9E ,NUOVO1 ,AVANGU>DIA ,NAZIONALE1 & ,ORD9E ,N]O7 ?AT WI% TO PURSUE SIMIL> OBJECTIVES ?R\< A /RATEGIC COMPROMISE ) ! RI<T-W+ & D>K SIDES ( ! /ATE1 9CLUD+ ELEM5TS BELONG+ TO ! SECRET S]VICES & ! SECRETIVE ,P#b ORGANIZATION4 ,! RI<T W+1 BO? 9SIDE ! /ATE & 9 EXTREME RI<T GR\PS & CRIM9AL SYNDICATES1 IMPLEM5TS A PROGRAM N[ KN[N AS ! /RATEGY ( T5SION1 C>RY+ \T A S]IES ( T]RORI/ ACTS TO CREATE AN ATMOSPH]E ( T5SION & WIDESPREAD FE> 9 ! POPULATION4 ,! GOAL IS TO JU/IFY A RETURN TO AU?ORIT>IAN /ATE CONTROL & S5D W>N+S TO LEFT-LEAN+ & ,COMMUNI/ ELEM5TS4 

,9 ! #a#i#gS1 A NEW ACC\NT ( ! ,RESI/5ZA AS A BETRAY$ REVOLUTION SPREAD 9 EXTRA-P>LIAM5T>Y GR\PS4 ,HI/ORIANS DREW ! CONCLUSION ?AT ! RESI/ANCE HAD BE5 BETRAY$ BY ! LEAD]S ( ! ,COMMUNI/ P>TY :O *OSE NOT TO CONT9UE ! 9SURRECTION ( ,APRIL #b#e1 #aide 7:5 ,MUSSOL9I WAS CAPTUR$ & LAT] EXECUT$ 9 ! /REETS BY P>TISANS71 BUT PREF]R$ TO =M A GOV]NM5T ) ! CONS]VATIVE =CES4 ,!Y UND]/OOD ! F9AL YE>S ( ,FASCISM AS A CIVIL W>4 

,ANTI-FASCISM 9CREAS+LY %[S TWO S\LS3 09/ITUTIONAL ANTIFASCISM0 & SO-CALL$ 0MILITANT ANTI-FASCISM40 

,FEBRU>Y #aigg - ,CLA%ES TAKE PLACE AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,BOLOGNA BETWE5 ! FASCI/S ( ! ,F,U,A,N GR\P & ANTI-FASCI/ /UD5TS ( ! AUTONOM\S COLLECTIVES4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ELABORATES ! !ORY ( OPPOS+ EXTREMISMS & ! VIOL5CE ( ANTI-FASCI/ EXTRA-P>LIAM5T>Y GR\PS AS 0SQUADRISM40 ,A DEEP RIFT DIVIDES LEFT P>TIES & AUTONOM\S GR\PS4 

,! !ORY ( OPPOS+ EXTREMISMS HAS BECOME A NORMAL REFLEX 9 ,ITALIAN POLITICS4 ,IT IS BAS$ 9 A POLITICAL !ORY ?AT AIMS TO GR\P ! C5TRI/ =CES 9 ORD] TO ISOLATE & M>G9ALIZE RI<T & LEFT 0EXTREMISM10 :I* >E CONSID]$ EQUAL BUT OPPOSITE1 TWO SIDES ( ! SAME CO94 ,! GOAL IS TO DEPOLITICIZE ! ONGO+ CONFLICT1 FRAM+ IT AS A PROBLEM ( PUBLIC ORD]4 ,?IS FRAM+ IS /ILL EMPLOY$ TODAY4 ,M$IA & POLITICIANS1 :E!R RI<T OR LEFT1 ALWAYS 9T]PRET MURD]S C>RI$ \T BY FASCI/S OR CLA%ES BETWE5 FASCI/S & ANTI-FASCI/S AS GANG VIOL5CE BETWE5 OPPOS+ 0SQUADS0 ) NO POLITICAL MOTIVATION OR WEI<T4 

#aihi - ,LEGA ,NORD IS F\ND$ BY ,UMB]TO ,BOSSI4 ,AT ! BEG9N+1 ! P>TY OP5LY DECL>ES ITSELF TO BE REGIONALI/ & E?NO-NATIONALI/1 DEF5D+ ! 9T]E/S ( NOR!RN ,ITALY AGA9/ ! RE/ ( ! P59SULA4 ,DESPITE DECL>ATIONS ( HATR$ T[>DS ,ROME1 ! NATIONAL /ATE1 & ! REGIONS ( S\!RN ,ITALY1 ,LEGA ,NORD P>TICIPATES 9 ! ,B]LUSCONI GOV]NM5TS ( ! #a#i#iS4 ,! ,LEGA COMB9ES A FANATICAL RI<T-W+ POPULISM ) LIB]AL ECONOMIC & ANTI-F$]ALI/ POLICIES1 AS WELL AS RACISM AGA9/ IMMIGRANTS & F]V5T DEF5SE ( 0TRADITIONAL FAMILIES40 

#aiib - ,F9I1 SECRET>Y ( ! ,M,S,I1 IS A C&IDATE = MAYOR ( ,ROME SUPPORT$ BY ! BUS9ESSMAN ,B]LUSCONI4 

,JANU>Y #b#g1 #aiie - ,! ,M,S,I IS DISSOLV$ & ,ALLEANZA ,NAZIONALE IS BORN3 A MORE ,EUROPEAN CONS]VATIVE P>TY LACK+ ! TYPICAL ,ITALIAN EXTREMISM & FASCI/ DOG :I/LES4 ,! DISAPPO9T$ LEAVE ! P>TY & =M NEW NEO-FASCI/ P>TIES4 ,?IS IS ! 5D ( UNITY 9 ! NEO-FASCI/ GALAXY4 

#aiig - ,=ZA ,NUOVA IS BORN ?ANKS TO TWO PROM95T FIGURES ( ! RADICAL ,ROMAN RI<T1 ,ROB]TO ,FIORE & ,MASSIMO ,MORSELLO1 :O >E CLOSE TO ! #a#i#gS GR\PS ,?IRD ,POSITION & ! ,N,>1 RESPECTIVELY4 

,%ORTLY AFT] ! ,BOLOGNA MASSACRE 9 #a#i#h1 ,FIORE & ,MORSELLO W]E ACCUS$ ( SUBV]SIVE ASSOCIATION & TOOK REFUGE 9 ,LONDON TO ESCAPE >RE/4 ,AS SOON AS ! WAT]S CALM$1 ! TWO NEO-FASCI/S IMM$IATELY RETURN$ TO ,ITALY & PUT ! P>TY 9TO ACTION1 F\ND+ IT ON ,SEPTEMB] #b#i1 ! DAY ( ! CULT ( ,/4 ,MI*AEL ! ,>*ANGEL1 PROTECTOR ( ! ,ROMANIAN P>A-FASCI/ MOVEM5T1 ! 0,GU>DIA DI ,F]RO40 ,! IDEOLOGY ( ?IS MOVEM5T IS A MIX ( NEO-FASCISM1 NATIONALISM1 X5OPHOBIA1 HOMOPHOBIA1 & ,CA?OLIC TRADITIONALISM4 ,=ZA ,NUOVA DRAWS ITS RANKS FROM ! Y\NG1 FI%+ 9 ! SEA ( SK9HEADS & FOOTBALL HOOLIGANS4 ,ITS PLAT=M IS BAS$ ON SOME PR9CIPLES ( ,CA?OLICISM 7ANTI-ABORTION71 SOCIAL POLICIES TO PRES]VE TRADITIONAL FAMILY /RUCTURES1 & OPPOSITION TO IMMIGRATION4 ,IT IS ! SMALLE/ P>TY ( ! F> RI<T & ! ONLY ONE ?AT HAS PR(ESS$ OP5 SUPPORT = ! %OOT+ 9 ,MAC]ATA4 

,DECEMB] #b#g1 #bc - ,CASA,P\ND IS F\ND$4 ,SOME Y\NG FASCI/S DECID$ TO OCCUPY A L>GE BUILD+ AT #h ,VIA ,NAPOLEONE ,I,I,I 9 ! ,ESQUIL9O NEI<BORHOOD 9 ,ROME3 ! ,CASA,P\ND4 ,LEAD+ ! OCCUPANTS WAS ,GIANLUCA ,IANNONE1 LEAD] ( AN ALT]NATIVE ROCK B& ) RI<T-W+ LYRICS4 ,! NAME ( ! SOCIAL C5T] IS 9 HONOR ( ,EZRA ,P\ND1 ! REACTION>Y POET :O BECAME AN IDOL ( Y\NG NEO-FASCI/S 9 ,ITALY4 

,! POLITICAL /YLE ( ,CASA,P\ND IS *>ACT]IZ$ BY 0Y\NG & NEW0 COMMUNICATION & ! USE ( SOCIAL NETWORKS4 ,!Y CALL !MSELVES 0FASCI/S ( ! ?IRD MILL5NIUM40 

#bac - ,! 0,CASA,P\ND ,ITALIA0 P>TY IS BORN1 NOM9AT+ ,SIMONE DI ,/EFANO AS !IR PREMI]4 ,! ELECTORAL TALK+-PO9TS 9CLUDE ! RI<T TO H\S+ = ,ITALIANS 7! P>TY LOGO IS A TURTLE71 OPPOSITION TO IMMIGRATION & ,E,U POLICIES1 & MONET>Y SOV]EIGNTY FROM ! ,EURO4 

#bad - ,! NEW ,SECRET>Y ( ,LEGA ,NORD1 ,MATTEO ,SALV9I1 MOVES ! ,LEGA TO ! RI<T1 COLLABORAT+ ) ,FRATELLI D',ITALIA & ,CASA,P\ND AS WELL AS ! ,FR5* F>-RI<T GR\P ,FRONT ,NATIONALE 7,F,N74 ,LAT]1 HE AB&ONS ! ALLIANCE ) ,CASA,P\ND 9 FAVOR ( C5T]-RI<T P>TIES4 

#bag - ,SALV9I EXPLICITLY DEF9ES ! CURR5T L9E ( ! ,LEGA ,NORD SECRET>IAT AS F$]ALI/ & NATIONALI/1 )\T ! 9DEP5D5TI/ & SECESSIONI/ PROGRAM1 REPLAC+ ! SLOGAN 0FIR/ ! ,NOR?10 ) 0FIR/ ! ,ITALIANS40 ,! DISC\RSE ( ! ,LEGA ELECTORAL CAMPAIGN1 LIKE ?AT ( ! 5TIRE RI<T W+1 IS BAS$ >\ND ! SUPPOS$ 9VASION ( ,ITALY BY =EIGN]S1 ! POV]TY ( ,ITALIANS COMP>$ TO ! SUPPOS$ 0PRIVILEGES0 ( IMMIGRANTS1 & ! SO-CALL$ 0CLA% ( CIVILIZATIONS0 BETWE5 ,ITALY & POLITICAL ,ISLAM4 

,TODAY - ,CASA,P\ND BOA/S SIX ?\S& MEMB]S1 ONE HUNDR$ (FICES1 A TRADE UNION 7,B,L,U71 A Y\? ORGANIZATION 7,BLOCCO /UD5TESCO71 A NETWORK ( ASSOCIATIONS 7SPORT1 5VIRONM5T1 SOLID>ITY71 A WEB RADIO 7,RADIO ,B&I]A ,N]A71 & MULTIPLE MAGAZ9ES4 ,CASA,P\ND IS ! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL NEO-FASCI/ P>TY 9 ,ITALY & HAS A 0,EUROPEAN COMMISSION]10 ,SEBA/IAN ,MANIFICAT1 :O [NS ! B> 0,C>RE ,MONTI0 9 ,ROME1 & HAS CLOSE TIES ) ! ULTRANATIONALI/S ( ,GREECE1 ,POL&1 ,G]MANY1 ,RUSSIA1 & ,UKRA9E 7,CASA,P\ND IS CONNECT$ TO ! ,AZOV ,BATTALION DEPLOY$ 9 ! ,UKRA9IAN CIVIL W> ( #b#a#d74 ,9 ! ADM9I/RATIVE ELECTIONS ( ,JUNE #a#a1 ! ,TURTLES MADE ! BALLOT 9 #ac MUNICIPALITIES ) OV] #ae ?\S& 9HABITANTS BY PLAC+ C\NCILORS 9 C5T]S SU* AS ,LUCCA & ,TODI 7W9N+ !IR ORGANIZATION #g4#h#d.0 & #d4#h#a.01 RESPECTIVELY1 & BECOM+ ! ?IRD MO/ P[]FUL POLITICAL P>TY 9 ,LUCCA74 ,PRES5T+ !MSELVES AS A NEW & 9CORRUPTIBLE POLITICAL =CE1 !Y MANAG$ TO W9 #a4#e.0 9 ! NATIONAL ELECTIONS4 

,9 REC5T YE>S1 ,CASA,P\ND HAS TRI$ TO TAKE ROOT 9 ! NEI<BORHOODS BY ORGANIZ+ COMMITTEES ?AT CONCEAL !IR FASCI/ AG5DA4 ,!Y MAKE ANTI-EVICTION PICKETS1 DI/RIBUTE FOOD TO ! ,ITALIAN POOR1 & ORGANIZE PATROLS AGA9/ VIOL5CE AGA9/ 7,ITALIAN7 WOM54 

,IMMIGRATION 9 ,ITALY 

  

,HI/ORICALLY1 ,ITALY HAS BE5 A C\NTRY ( EMIGRATION4 ,SIGNIFICANT IMMIGRATION BEGAN ONLY ?IRTY YE>S AGO4 ,!RE >E FEW SECOND- & ?IRD-G5]ATION IMMIGRANTS1 BECAUSE ,ITALY NEV] POSSESS$ VA/ COLONIAL HOLD+S LIKE ,FRANCE OR ,5GL&4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 MO/ =EIGN]S RECOGNIZE !MSELVES 9 ! VALUES & TRADITIONS ( !IR COMMUNITIES ( ORIG94 ,MANY SPEAK ,ITALIAN BADLY1 RELY+ PR$OM9ANTLY ON ! *UR*1 TELEVISION1 OR AUTONOM\S 9ITIATIVES = CLASSES4 

,FUR!RMORE1 AS A C\NTRY ( >RIVAL1 IT HAS A SPECIAL ROLE 9 ! ,E,U RECEPTION SY/EM3 ! ,DUBL9 ,CONV5TION1 LAUN*$ BY ! ,E,U 9 #a#i#i#g1 /IPULATES ?AT ! ,MEMB] ,/ATE RESPONSIBLE = EXAM9+ ! ASYLUM APPLICATION WILL BE ! /ATE :]E ! ASYLUM SEEK] 5T]$ ! ,EUROPEAN ,UNION4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT MANY =EIGN]S :O >E HEAD$ TO DIFF]5T ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES >E =C$ BY LAW TO /AY 9 ,ITALY P5D+ ! BUREAUCRATIC PROCESS EVALUAT+ !IR REQUE/ = ACCOMMODATION4 ,! EVALUATION CAN LA/ TWO OR EV5 ?REE YE>S4 ,9 #b#b1 ! GOV]NM5T CRIM9ALIZ$ ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION & ID5TIFICATION & CREAT$ EXPULSION C5T]S 9 :I* TO LOCK UP UNDOCUM5T$ P]SONS4 ,SOME ( ! IMMIGRANTS LOCK$ UP 9 ! C5T]S >E !N DEPORT$ TO !IR C\NTRIES ( ORIG94 

,! CRISIS >\ND MIGRATION 9T5SIFI$ 9 #b#a#e4 ,CRACKD[NS FOLL[+ ! ,>AB ,SPR+1 ! W> 9 ,AF<ANI/AN1 & ! CIVIL W>S 9 ,LIBYA & ,SYRIA HAVE CAUS$ A MASS FLI<T TO ,EUROPE4 ,RI<T-W+ ,ITALIANS DESCRIBE ?IS AS AN 9VASION4 ,?IS RACI/ DISC\RSE IS COMPLETELY LEGITIMIZ$ 9 ,ITALY1 :ILE ! LEGACY ( ! FASCI/ & COLONIAL PA/ IS CONCEAL$4 ,RACISM IS NOT ID5TIFI$ ) FASCISM3 Y\ CAN SAY Y\ HATE BLACK PEOPLE & VOTE LEFT4 ,! FE> ( =EIGN]S HAS F\ND F]TILE GR\ND ESPECIALLY ) ! ECONOMIC CRISIS ?AT HAS IMPOV]I%$ ! MIDDLE CLASS S9CE #b#i4 

,TODAY1 ! IMMIGRATION ISSUE MONOPOLIZES POLITICAL DISC\RSE4 ,A MEMB] ( ! ,LEGA SAID3 0,WE MU/ MAKE *OICES3 DECIDE :E!R \R E?NICITY1 \R :ITE RACE1 \R SOCIETY MU/ CONT9UE TO EXI/ OR \R SOCIETY MU/ BE CANCEL$3 IT IS A *OICE40 

,TIMEL9E3 ,EV5TS DUR+ ! #bah ,ELECTION ,CAMPAIGN 

  

,JANU>Y #ab - ,Y\NG ANTI-FASCI/ /ABB$ :ILE HANG+ PO/]S4 

,JANU>Y #b - ,ANTI-FASCI/ DEMON/RATION 9 ,G5OA ATT5D$ BY SEV]AL ?\S&4 

,FEBRU>Y #c - ,LUCA ,TRA9I1 A MEMB] ( ,LEGA ,NORD1 %OOTS BL9DLY AT A GR\P ( ,AFRICAN IMMIGRANTS 9 ,MAC]ATA1 W\ND+ #f4 ,LUCA ,TRA9I WANT$ TO GO TO C\RT TO KILL ,9NOC5T ,OSE<ALE1 A ,NIG]IAN ALLEG$ TO HAVE MURD]$ A GIRL NAM$ ,PAMELA ,MA/ROPIETRO1 BUT DECID$ TO %OOT EV]Y BLACK P]SON HE 5C\NT]$ ALONG ! WAY4 ,?IS IS :AT ,TRA9I HIMSELF REPORT$ 9 ! SPONTANE\S DECL>ATIONS HE MADE TO ! C>AB9I]I AFT] ! >RE/4 

,FEBRU>Y #d - ,PAVIA3 #be FASCI/S ATTACK A GR\P ( #e BOYS1 SOME ,ITALIAN & SOME IMMIGRANTS4 

,FEBRU>Y #e - ,PIAC5ZA3 ,CLA%ES AT AN ANTI-FASCI/ P>ADE AGA9/ ,CASA,P\ND4 ,VIDEOS SPREAD VIRALLY ACROSS ! P59SULA ( A C>AB9I]E BE+ BEAT5 ) HIS %IELD4 

,FEBRU>Y #i - ,ROME3 ,ANTI-FASCI/ DEMON/RATION 9 ,TORPIGNATT>A 9 SOLID>ITY ) VICTIMS 9 ,MAC]ATA4 ,SEV]AL ?\S& ATT5D4 

,FEBRU>Y #i - ,TR5TO3 ,ANTI-FASCI/ DEMO AGA9/ ,CASA,P\ND4 

,FEBRU>Y #a - ,MAC]ATA3 ,ANTI-FASCI/ AUTONOM\S DEMON/RATION DRAWS #b#e14 

,FEBRU>Y #aa - ,ROV]ETO3 ,ANTI-FASCI/ GA!R+ AGA9/ A SPEE* BY ,SALV9I4 

,FEBRU>Y #af - ,BOLOGNA3 ,CLA%ES AS ANTI-FASCI/S GA!R TO BLOCK ! RALLY ( ,ROB]TO ,FIORE 7,F,N74 ,POLICE USE WAT] CANNONS & TE> GAS4 

,FEBRU>Y #ag - ,LIVORNO3 ,9SULTS SCREAM$ AT ,MELONI 7,FRATELLI D',ITALIA72 H] C> WAS SURR\ND$ & KICK$ AS %E LEFT4 

,FEBRU>Y #ah - ,NAPLES3 ,CLA%ES & >RE/S AS ANTI-FASCI/S DISRUPT ,CASA,P\ND RALLY4 

,FEBRU>Y #ba - ,PAL]MO3 ,A LOCAL LEAD] ( ,=ZA ,NUOVA IS F\ND B\ND ) ADHESIVE TAPE 9 FRONT ( HIS (FICE4 ,TWO ANTI-FASCI/S >E >RE/$ = ATTEMPT$ MURD]1 !N RELEAS$4 ,SOLID>ITY DEMON/RATIONS OP5LY DEF5D ! ACTIONS ( ! ACCUS$4 ,!IR *>GES >E R$UC$ TO SIMPLE BATT]Y4 

,FEBRU>Y #ba - ,P]UGIA3 ,FASCI/S /AB AN ACTIVI/ ( ,POT]E AL ,POPOLO 7A NEW LEFT P>TY74 

,FEBRU>Y #bb - ,TOR9O3 ,POLICE *>GE AN ANTI-FASCI/ DEMON/RATION ?AT IS DISRUPT+ A ,CASA,P\ND DEMON/RATION4 

,FEBRU>Y #bc - ,BRESCIA3 ,! LIBR>Y ( ! SOCIAL C5T] ,MAGAZZ9O #dg IS SET ON FIRE BY FASCI/S4 

,FEBRU>Y #bc - ,PISA3 ,POLICE *>GES & CLA%ES AT A PROTE/ AGA9/ ,SALV9I4 

,M>* #a - ,CONCLUSION ( ! ELECTION CAMPAIGN4 ,9 ,ROME1 ANTI-FASCI/S DEMON/RATE 9 ,>G5T9A SQU>E4 

,M>* #c - ,PAVIA3 ,ANTI-FASCI/ H\SES >E 0M>K$0 ) A /ICK] READ+ 0,H]E LIVES AN ANTI-FASCI/40 

,M>* #d - ,! ,LEGA RECEIVES A LOT ( VOTES 9 ! ELECTIONS3 #a#g4#c#g.0 9 ! ,*AMB] ( ,DEPUTIES 7#e1#f#i#a1#i#b#a VOTES7 & #a#g4#c#b.0 9 ! ,S5ATE 7#e1#c#a#g1#h#c74 

,M>* #f - ,FLOR5CE3 ,AN ,ITALIAN MAN %OOTS & KILLS A MAN FROM ,S5EGAL4 

,M>* #g - ,TR5TO3 ,! (FICE ( ,CASA,P\ND IS BOMB$ BY ANTI-FASCI/S4 

,ACC\NT3 ,PIAC5ZA 

  

,! CR[D IS MOV+ TOGE!R1 BUT SL[LY4 ,UP FRONT1 LOCALS >E URG+ ! CR[D TO COME TO ! FRONT TO JO9 ! CORDONI4 

,9 ! CORDONI1 P]HAPS ?REE OR F\R R[S ( COMRADES AB\T #b ABREA/1 >MS >E L9K$ TO PREV5T POLICE OR FASCI/ ATTACKS4 ,MO/ ( ?IS CR[D IS MASK$4 ,BEH9D !M1 P]HAPS T5 FEET ( EMPTY SPACE4 ,& !N ! BANN]S ) MANY MORE PEOPLE 9 MASKS & ! L>G] CR[D BEH9D ?IS 5TIRE >RANGEM5T4 ,! EMPTY SPACE BETWE5 ! CORDONI & ! BANN]S 5SURES ?AT ! CR[D DOES NOT /AMP$E 9 ! EV5T ( CLA%ES1 BECAUSE ?OSE UP FRONT HAVE A PLACE TO FALL BACK )\T CRA%+ 9TO O!RS4 

,! *ANT+ IS CONCUSSIVE & PRECISE4 ,I AM SURR\ND$ BY HUNDR$S ( PEOPLE *ANT+ 0*AMPAGNE ,MOLOTOV1 *AMPAGNE ,MOLOTOV4440 AT ! POLICE4 ,:5 ! FIR/ CLU/] ( C>AB9I]I BLOCK ! CR[D1 ! CORDONI PU% 9TO !M )\T HESITATION4 ,/ONES & BOTTLES >E ?R[N FROM BEH9D1 :ILE Y\NG PEOPLE ) /ICKS EX*ANGE BL[S ) ! POLICE4 ,! :OLE CR[D IS *ANT+ & CLAPP+4 ,FIREWORKS EXPLODE AT ! FEET ( ! C>AB9I]I4 ,TO ! SIDE1 DIGOS.<#b.> >E FILM+ EV]Y?+4 ,:5 ! FI<T+ SUBSIDES1 FEW HAVE LEFT ! ZONE4 ,A T5SE /&(F 5SUES AS ORGANIZ]S FROM ,PIAC5ZA >GUE ) ! COMM&+ (FIC]S4 ,!Y F9ALLY REA* AN AGREEM5T ?AT ! 5TIRE CR[D WILL BE P]MITT$ TO PASS4 

,N[ WE >E W9D+ ?R\< ! COBBLE/ONE /REETS ( ?IS T[N1 PASS+ LOCAL %OPS FILL$ ) CONFUS$ OR WORRI$ PATRONS4 ,PIAC5ZA IS ONE ( ! PLACES 9 ! NOR? ?AT DID NOT EXP]I5CE WIDESPREAD RESI/ANCE TO FASCISM AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! #b? C5TURY4 ,P]HAPS ?AT EXPLA9S :Y IT HAS WELCOM$ AU?ORIT>IANS LIKE ,CASA,P\ND 9T5T ON OP5+ FASCI/ SOCIAL C5T]S4 ,IT IS NOT LONG BE=E WE REA* ANO!R IMPASSE ) ! POLICE4 

,ON A SMALL ROAD NE> ! C5T] ( ! VILLAGE1 L>GE POLICE TRUCKS >E SURR\ND$ BY C>AB9I]I & MUNICIPAL POLICE4 ,\R CR[D IS ABSOLUTELY UNMOV$ BY !IR ?REATS & 9TIMIDATION4 ,!Y BEG9 CLUBB+ ! CORDONI1 :O RESPOND 9 K9D ) /ICKS & ,P,V,C PIPES4 ,A GU/ ( /ONES1 BRICKS1 & GLASS BOTTLES FLY FROM BEH9D ! BANN]S1 /RIK+ (FIC]S & POLICE VEHICLES4 ,SUDD5LY1 A COP FALLS TO ! GR\ND4 ,TOGE!R1 UNION WORK]S & BLACK BLOC AN>*I/S SNAT* HIS %IELD & CLUB FROM HIM4 ,HE IS KICK$ & BEAT5 ) ! WEAPONS HE WAS JU/ US+ AGA9/ US4 ,HIS >MOR PRES]VES HIM FROM 9JURY1 UNLIKE \R HOODIES & HELMETS1 BUT OV] ! FOLL[+ #dh H\RS HE WILL BECOME A DISGRACE & LAU<+/OCK ALONG ! 5TIRE P59SULA4 ,9 ! CAFES & TRA9 /ATIONS FROM ,TOR9O TO ,LECCE1 ! VIDEOS FROM ,PIAC5ZA WILL PLAY ON P]MAN5T LOOP4 

,LAT]1 #b1 PEOPLE M>* 9 ! SMALL /REETS ( ,MAC]ATA1 AS SEV]AL ?\S& HAD DAYS BE=E 9 ,ROME & A WEEK E>LI] 9 ,G5OVA4 ,SOME?+ DECISIVE IS DEVELOP+4 

,ACC\NT3 ,:5 9 ,ROME444 

  

,ROME IS A DIFFICULT CITY4 ,IT'S ! ONLY REAL METROPOLIS 9 ,ITALY4 ,ITS >EA1 AB\T #dif SQU>E MILES1 REPRES5TS A HUGE T]RITORY :I* CAN BE DIVID$ 9TO ! ,NOR? SIDE 7MORE B\RGEOIS7 & ,S\? SIDE 7MORE POOR71 SETT+ ASIDE SOME EXCEPTIONS4 ,IT IS ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE = AN ANTI-FASCI/ MOVEM5T TO COV] ALL ! >EAS & ZONES1 SO !RE HAS ALWAYS BE5 A /RUGGLE BETWE5 DIFF]5T QU>TI]I 7DI/RICTS74 ,HI/ORICALLY1 SOME ( !M BELONG TO FASCI/S1 :ILE O!RS >E CLE>LY ANTIFA ZONES4 ,FASCI/ PROPAG&A & ES!TICS >E USUALLY BAS$ ON ! MY? ( ! ,ROMAN EMPIRE2 ,ROME HAS ALWAYS BE5 A /RONG ELECTORAL BASE = ! F> RI<T4 

,GR[+ UP 9 A CITY LIKE ?IS1 AS A Y\NG COMRADE OR ANTIFA1 Y\ ALWAYS HAVE TO FACE FASCI/S 9 FRONT ( Y\R S*OOL & 9 PUBLIC SPACES4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 SEV]AL /ABB+S & ONE COMRADE MURD]$3 ,R5ATO ,BIAGETTI1 9 #b#f1 REQUIESCAT 9 PACE4 

,9 A WAY1 ! MOVEM5T IS RESPONSIBLE = NOT RESPOND+ MORE EFFECTIVELY FROM ! BEG9N+ 9 #bc :5 ,CASA,P\ND OP5$ !IR FIR/ SQUAT1 !IR HEADQU>T]S NE> ! C5TRAL TRA9 /ATION4 

,WE NOTICE ?AT EV]Y TIME \R MOVEM5T GR[S--= EXAMPLE1 DUR+ ! /UD5T PROTE/S ( #b#h1 ! /UD5T RIOTS ( ,DECEMB] #b#a1 OR ! BIG RIOT ( ,OCTOB] #b#a#a--! FASCI/S >E ALWAYS PU%$ BACK = A :ILE & SIL5C$4 ,:5 \R MOVEM5T IS AT A L[ EBB1 ! FASCI/S GA9 MOM5TUM4 

,AS A SMALL GR\P 7#b PEOPLE71 WE DECID$ TO SET \R SI<TS ON A DEF9$ T]RITORY1 \R NEI<BORHOOD3 ,M>RANELLA_/,TORPIGNATT>A4 ,H]E1 AMONG A MIXTURE ( IMMIGRANTS 7,BANGLADE%I1 ,PAKI/ANI1 ,*9ESE1 ,LAT9OS7 & LOCAL PROLET>IANS 7& SUB-PROLET>IANS71 WE FEEL ?AT WE CAN BUILD SOLID>ITY4 ,WE HAVE P>TICIPAT$ 9 BUILD+ NETWORKS ( MUTUAL AID1 ANTI-EVICTION /RUGGLES1 & A FREE FOOD PROGRAM COORD9AT$ ) A ,BANGLADE%I ASSOCIATION & O!R POLITICAL GR\PS ( CITIZ5S4 ,WE BELIEVE ?AT ?IS IS ! BE/ WAY TO PU% BACK ! FASCI/S1 PREV5T+ !IR POLITICAL ACTION :5EV] !Y %[ UP 9 PUBLIC1 EV5 :5 ?AT MEANS FAC+ REPRESSION ,9 \R ZONE1 ,CASA,P\ND WAS BEAT5 /RONGLY :5 !Y ATTEMPT$ TO SET UP A PROPAG&A BOO?4 

,BUILD ! URBAN COMMUNE1 ?AT'S \R AIM3 MAKE SPACE = SOLID>ITY1 :I* IS ! ONLY =CE ?AT C\LD EASE ! PRESSURE ( SURVIV+ UND] CAPITALISM4 ,=GET ALL ! IDEOLOGY1 BUT SPREAD+ IDEAS ?R\< ! POPULATION AS A P>T ( IT1 WE TRY \R BE/ TO DISSOLVE \R 0MILITANT ID5TITY10 \R ID5TITY AS MILITANTS1 & CONFRONT ! REAL PROBLEMS ( ! B>RIO FROM A HORIZONTAL P]SPECTIVE4 ,ANTI-FASCI/ /RUGGLES & ANTI-RACI/ POSITIONS %\LD AVOID ANY MORALI/IC PO9T ( VIEW1 ANY ATTITUDE ( JUDG+ FROM ABOVE4 ,:5 WE ORGANIZ$ ! ,FEBRU>Y #i DEMON/RATION 9 RESPONSE ( ,MAC]ATA'S %OOT+1 WE FELT ?IS RESPONSIBILITY TO CALL A DAY ( /RUGGLE 9 SOLID>ITY ) ! VICTIMS AS A P>T ( \R CLASS1 ! EXPLOIT$1 :ILE DIRECT+ ! BLAME T[>DS POLITICAL P>TIES & 9/ITUTIONS 7BO? LEFT & RI<T74 

,TO BE READY :5 ! TIME IS RIPE = ACTION1 WE HAVE TO MA9TA9 A DAILY /RUGGLE AGA9/ RESIGNATION4 0,NUNC E/ DEL5DUM0 IS A ,LAT9 MOTTO ?AT C\LD BE TRANSLAT$ 0,N[ IT'S TIME TO DE/ROY0--WE TOO >E HEIRS ( ! ROMAN TRADITION1 BUT ! TRADITION ( ! OPPRESS$1 ( REBEL SLAVES LIKE ,SP>TACUS & ! ,PLEBS :O ALWAYS %OOK ,ROME ) ! ?REAT ( RIOTS4 ,WE HAVE TO DE/ROY ALL ! RELATIONS ( P[] BETWE5 US & ATTACK ! WORLD ?AT SURR\NDS US1 />T+ FROM \R B>RIO POISON$ BY ! CAPITALI/IC WAY ( LIFE4 ,ALONGSIDE ?IS MOTTO ?AT =MS ! NAME ( \R GR\P1 !RE IS ! S5T5CE ,PUNTO ,SOLIDALE ,M>RANELLA1 PO9T ( SOLID>ITY1 BECAUSE 9 A WORLD ( EMPTY WORDS1 ! MO/ REVOLUTION>Y ACT IS TO GO /RAI<T TO ! PO9T4 ,! CR[D ?AT SUPPORTS ! FASCI/ SCUM IS HAV+ A H>D TIME 9 ,M>RANELLA'S B>RIO4 

0,SIAMO ,TUTTI ,ANTIFASCI/I0 

  

,FOLL[+ ! EV5TS 9 ,MAC]ATA1 ,ROME1 & ,PIAC5ZA1 A :IRLW9D ( NEWS >TICLES BEGAN CIRCULAT+ AB\T ! NEW WAVE ( MILITANT ANTI-FASCISM4 ,DEMON/RATIONS W]E ORGANIZ$ ACROSS ! P59SULA4 ,! CLA%ES 9 ,PIAC5ZA & MASS MILITANCY 9 ,MAC]ATA DEMON/RAT$ ?AT ! MOVEM5T C\LD EV5 TAKE ROOT 9 SMALL VILLAGES & T[NS1 AS ! ,RESI/5ZA HAD ONE HUNDR$ YE>S AGO4 

,PROTE/]S BEGAN TO %UT D[N ,SALV9I CAMPAIGN EV5TS 9 PLACES LIKE ,ROV]ETO & ,LIVORNO1 JU/ AS ANTI-,TRUMP PROTE/]S HAD DONE 9 ,CO/A ,MESA & ,*ICAGO4 ,!N1 ON ,FEBRU>Y #a#f1 CLA%ES BETWE5 ANTI-FASCI/S & C>AB9I]I 9 ,BOLOGNA PUT ! MOVEM5T 9 9T]NATIONAL HEADL9ES1 ) POLICE RESORT+ TO TE> GAS & WAT] CANNONS 9 ! HI/ORIC UNIV]SITY C5T] AS !Y HAD DONE #d YE>S E>LI]4 

,9 ,ITALY1 ! PALETTE = POLITICAL VIOL5CE IS ?OR\<LY DEVELOP$ ON ! LEFT & ! RI<T4 ,9 CONTRA/ TO ! ,U,S1 VIOL5CE ALONE IS NOT USUALLY 5\< TO DISCR$IT A MOVEM5T1 AL?\< IT MI<T DAMAGE ITS REPUTATION AMONG MOD]ATES4 ,! FACT ?AT ,ITALIAN SOCIETY IS POL>IZ$ 9 ?IS WAY MEANS ?AT NEI!R AN>*I/S NOR FASCI/S >E =C$ TO APPEAL TO ! C5T] TO HAVE MASS SUPPORT & 9FLU5CE4 

,FOLL[+ ! EV5TS 9 ,PIAC5ZA1 ,BOLOGNA1 & ELSE:]E1 ! 9T5SITY ( ! CONFLICT PICK$ UP4 ,FASCI/S HAD BEAT5 Y\NG ANTI-FASCI/S 9 ,G5OA A MON? E>LI]1 BUT N[ !Y W]E /ABB+ ACTIVI/S & TOR*+ SOCIAL C5T]S4 ,9 ! *AOTIC S\!RN CITY ( ,NAPLES1 HOOLIGANS & ANTIFASCI/S CLA%+ ) POLICE W]E VICI\SLY BEAT51 ME?ODICALLY R\ND$ UP1 & HUMILIAT$ ON LIVE BROADCA/ BY BE+ =C$ TO !IR KNEES 9 A PLAZA & >RE/$ ONE BY ONE4 

,9 RESPONSE1 A FASCI/ LEAD] FROM ,=ZA ,NUOVA1 ! ONLY ORGANIZATION TO DEF5D & APPLAUD ! %OOT+ 9 ,MAC]ATA1 WAS KIDNAPP$ \TSIDE ( HIS (FICE 9 ,PAL]MO4 ,HE WAS B\ND ) DUCT TAPE & BEAT5 ) /ICKS BE=E BE+ LEFT 9 A DIT* AT ! SIDE ( ! ROAD4 #a PEOPLE M>*$ TO DEF5D ! ACTIONS ( ! TWO ANTI-FASCI/S ACCUS$ ( ! ATTACK4 ,! TWO Y\NG COMRADES' *>GES W]E DROPP$ TO SIMPLE BATT]Y1 A MISDEMEANOR UNLIKELY TO C>RY A PRISON S5T5CE4 ,CLA%ES CONT9U$ TO BREAK \T 9 ,PISA1 9 ,TOR9O1 ACROSS ! C\NTRY4 

,:5 ! ELECTION FR5ZY CONCLUD$1 ,LEGA ,NORD1 ! RI<T P>TY1 CAME AWAY ) A /RONG M9ORITY4 ,CASA,P\ND ,ITALIA WON #a4#e.04 ,! PROTE/S & ACTIONS CYCL$ D[N4 ,= N[1 ! /REETS HAVE RETURN$ TO AN UNEASY CALM4 

,ACC\NT3 ,A ,DEMON/RATION 9 ,TORPIGNATT>A1 ,ROME 

  

,WE MEET UP AT \R SOCIAL C5T] TO ORGANIZE ! LA/ M9UTE PREP>ATIONS4 ,9 A C\PLE ( H\RS1 WE WILL GO D[N ! /REETS TO %\T \T L\D ?AT WE WILL NOT /& = ! FASCI/S' PRES5CE 9 \R NEI<BORHOODS4 ,AFT] ,MAC]ATA1 A DEMON/RATION IS ! LEA/ WE C\LD DO4 

,WE >E A BIT WORRI$ & ! T5SION IS PALPABLE4 ,WE >E SURE ?AT ! COMRADES FROM ! 5TIRE CITY WILL BE !RE1 BUT H[ WILL ! NEI<BORHOOD RESPOND8 ,9 ! LEAD-UP1 WE HAVE RECEIV$ POSITIVE REACTIONS TO \R PO/]S & FLI]S1 BUT WE >E /ILL APPREH5SIVE4 

,N[ WE >E 9 ! SQU>E4 ,COMRADES & FRI5DS >RIVE FIR/ & />T TO HELP US ) ! PRACTICAL ORGANIZATION ( ! M>*4 ,>\ND #g PM1 ! SQU>E IS FULL4 ,JU/ A FEW M9UTES & ! DEMON/RATION BEG9S4 

,! SPEE*ES BEGAN TO FOLL[ FROM ! S\ND SY/EM POSITION$ ON ! C> ?AT OP5S ! DEMO4 ,! MICROPHONE IS OP5 & EV]YONE CAN TALK4 ,WE WILL NOT BE PLAY+ MUSIC ?IS TIME4 ,FROM ! SIDEWALKS1 W9D[S1 & BALCONIES1 WE HE> %\TS ( SUPPORT2 WE RESPOND ) APPLAUSE & 9VITATIONS TO JO9 ! M>*4 ,MANY MIGRANTS1 *ILDR51 & FAMILIES FROM ! NEI<BORHOOD >E AT ! FRONT4 ,FUR!R BACK1 Y\NG & OLD FOLL[4 ,WE >E AMAZ$4 ,!RE >E SO MANY PEOPLE :O WANT TO JO9 US 9 %\T+ NO TO FASCISM ) !IR HE>TS 9 ! SIL5CE ( ! CITY4 

,TODAY WE TAKE BACK \R ROADS4 ,?IS IS :AT IS %\T$ 9TO ! MICROPHONE1 AMONG O!R ?+S4 ,WE SAY NO TO FASCISM ) \R DAILY *OICES1 ) ! SOLID>ITY WE EXPRESS 9 \R ACTIONS1 ) ! WAY ( LIV+ ?AT WE HAVE *OS54 ,& APP>5TLY WE >E NOT ! ONLY ONES :O FEEL ?IS WAY4 

,! PROCESSION W9DS ?R\< ! /REETS ?AT WE CROSS EV]Y DAY1 FILL+ !M ) LIFE1 :I* IS ALWAYS ! IRR$UCIBLE 5EMY ( EV]Y =M ( ABUSE4 ,! PROCESSION PROCLAIMS A NON-FASCI/ =M ( LIFE ?AT EXPRESSES ITSELF DAILY 9 DOZ5S ( 9ITIATIVES ?AT CREATE BONDS & SOLID>ITY 9 ! NEI<BORHOOD4 

,IT IS #i PM & ! PROCESSION IS AB\T TO 5D4 ,! POLICE DEPLOYM5T IS IMPRESSIVE1 BUT TODAY !RE WILL BE NO CONFRONTATIONS4 ,WE HAVE A DIFF]5T GOAL4 ,?IS IS NOT ! MOM5T TO REPAY ! 5EMY ) ! VIOL5CE ?AT HAS BE5 9FLICT$ ON EV]Y ONE ( US4 ,TODAY1 IT'S TIME TO SC>E HIM4 ,TO %[ HIM ?AT WE >E MANY4 ,! FACES ( EV]YONE1 COMRADES & O!RS1 REMA9 SAD = ! MEMORY ( :AT HAS HAPP5$ BUT ALSO S]5E BECAUSE TODAY WE HAVE EXP]I5C$ ?AT 9 ?IS NEI<BORHOOD1 !RE IS A SOLID>ITY ?AT C\LD TURN 9TO A V]Y P[]FUL WEAPON4 

,AFT] ,MAC]ATA1 ,NO ,TURN+ ,BACK 

  

,MAC]ATA REPRES5TS A PO9T ( NO RETURN4 ,IT *ANGES ! N>RATIVE ( :AT IS GO+ ON 9 ,ITALY4 

,WE W]E RAIS$ 9 A C\NTRY 9 :I* FASCISM & RACISM HAVE GA9$ MORE LEGITIMACY ?AT !Y HAD 9 ! LA/ HALF C5TURY4 ,ANTI-FASCISM WAS A K9D ( M9IMUM COMMON D5OM9ATOR ( ALL ! POLITCAL =CES 9 ALL ! YE>S FOLL[+ ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>4 ,DUR+ ! SO-CALL$ ANNI DI PIOMBO1.<#c.> WE W]E ALWAYS ON ! $GE ( A FASCI/ C\P 7AS WELL AS AT ! BEG9N+ ( A COMMUNI/ 9SURRECTION7 & ANY POLITICAL =CE HAD TO PROVE !IR =MAL ADHESION TO DEMOCRATIC PR9CIPLES--) ! EXCEPTION ( ! FASCI/S1 ( C\RSE4 

,OV] ! PA/ #b YE>S1 ?IS HAS *ANG$4 ,X5OPHOBIA1 9CREAS$ DESIRE = SECURITY1 ! R$UCTION ( EV]Y?+ TO AN ECONOMIC FUNCTION--ALL ( !SE HAVE CREAT$ A SITUTION 9 :I* FASCISM IS A MORE ACCEPTABLE POSSIBILITY ?AN IT HAS BE5 9 LIV+ MEMORY4 ,= ?IS REASON1 WE HAVE TO UND]/& ?IS MOM5T AS A CRITICAL PO9T4 ,= SURE1 ! NEO-FASCI/ GR\PS HAVE GA9$ P[] & LEGITIMACY4 ,!Y WORK 9 ! NEI<BORHOODS1 GIVE FREE FOOD TO ! POORE/ ,ITALIANS1 FI<T EVICTIONS1 =M LOCAL PATROLS AGA9/ 0CRIM9ALITY10 & SO ON4 ,BUT ON A BROAD] LEVEL1 ! G5]AL DISC\RSE SURR\ND+ ! SO-CALL$ 0MIGRANT CRISIS0 IS CREAT+ A CULTURE ( EXPLICIT RACISM1 SECURITY SOLUTIONS1 & ! DESIRE = A /RONG NATIONAL-E?NIC ID5TITY & POLITICS AMONG BO? ! LEFT & ! RI<T4 

,! LEFT P>TIES ESPECIALLY SEEM TO BE EXP]I5C+ ! /RONGE/ CRISIS N[ 9 T]MS ( ID5TITY & LEGITIMACY4 ,?IS PH5OM5ON ISN'T JU/ ,ITALIAN2 IT SEEMS GLOBAL4 ,! POORE/ & ! WORK+ CLASS HAVE AB&ON$ !SE P>TIES 9 MASS TO SUPPORT ! MO/ RADICAL RI<T-W+ P>TIES4 ,FROM ONE SIDE1 ! LEFT HAS L$ ! NEOLIB]AL PROCESS ?AT HAS ABOLI%$ ! RI<TS ( WORK]S1 SOCIAL PROTECTIONS1 & ! WELF>E /ATE2 ON ! O!R H&1 !Y HAVE ADOPT$ ! POLIC+ AG5DA ( ! F> RI<T 9 ORD] TO GA9 POLITICAL FAVOR4 ,MATTEO ,R5ZI1 ! =M] LEAD] ( ,P>TITO ,DEMOCRATICO1 CONFIRM$ ?IS :5 HE SUPPORT$ ! CAMPAIGN TO BLOCK 9COM+ REFUGEES FROM ,LIBYA1 SAY+ 0WE NE$ TO HELP !M 9 !IR HOME10 A K9D ( NEOCOLONIALI/ MOTTO V]Y POPUL> 9 ! RI<T MOVEM5TS4 

,! 5D ( ! LEFT IS BO? AN OPPORTUNITY & A PROBLEM4 ,RI<T N[1 ?OSE :O >E OP5 TO ANTI-RACI/ & ANTI-FASCI/ SLOGANS >E = ! MO/ P>T MIDDLE-CLASS /UD5TS & LIB]ALS4 0,9/ITUTIONAL0 ANTI-FASCISM CONDEMNS BO? RACI/ ATTACKS & ANTIFA /RUGGLES 9 ! NEI<BORHOODS2 ?IS P]SPECTIVE DEF9ES ALL VIOL5CE AS A PROBLEM1 EV5 :5 IT TAKES PLACE 9 DEF5SE AGA9/ ! VILE/ ATTACKS4 ,MEAN:ILE1 MILLIONS ( WORK]S >E SUPPORT+ REACTION>Y SOLUTIONS4 ,DUR+ ! ELECTORAL CAMPAIGN1 ! LEAD+ C&IDATE ( ! RI<T COALITION = REGIONAL PRESID5CY 9 ,LOMB>DIA EV5 CLAIM$ ?AT 0! :ITE RACE IS 9 DANG] ( BE+ DE/ROY$ BY BLACKS40 ,HE IS CONSID]$ A MOD]ATE4 

,AUTONOM\S GR\PS & MOVEM5TS1 BO? AN>*I/ & COMMUNI/1 HAVE ALWAYS BE5 ANTI-FASCI/4 ,!Y HAVE OV]COME POLITICAL DIFF]5CES :5 ! NE$ HAS BE5 URG5T TO MAKE A /RONG RESPONSE TO FASCI/ ATTACKS4 ,AFT] ,MAC]ATA1 IT IS LIKELY ?AT MANY PEOPLE WILL JO9 \R MOVEM5TS 9 ORD] TO FI<T FASCISM4 ,= ! MOM5T1 ?\<1 IT IS DIFFICULT TO SAY :E!R !RE WILL BE A NEW ANTI-FASCI/ MOVEM5T ON A L>G] SCALE OR IF ?IS WILL REMA9 A %ORT SEQU5CE ( EV5TS 9 REACTION TO ! %OOT+4 ,BUT IT IS CLE> ?AT A DECISIVE POL>IZATION IS TAK+ PLACE BETWE5 ?OSE :O OP5LY ADVOCATE = FASCISM & EV]YONE ELSE4 

,9 EV]Y CITY1 ! WALLS ( ! ZONE POPOL>I >E DECORAT$ ) GRAFFITI4 ,AMID ! COLORFUL FILLS & H& /YLES ( ! GRAFFITI CREWS1 Y\ CAN /ILL SEE ! SLOGANS FROM ! PA/4 0,TUTTO IL POT]E DELLA CLASSE OP]AIA60--SIGN$ ,LOTTA ,CONT9UA1 #a#i#g#f4 ,! LEGACY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLES IS PRES5T EV]Y:]E4 ,AUTONOMI/S1 AN>*I/S1 ANTI-FASCI/S1 & EV5 SOME COMMUNI/ ORGANIZATIONS SQUAT ) ALL ( ! O!R WORK]S 9 ! P]IPH]IES ( ! CITIES2 !Y OP5 ME*ANIC %OPS1 !Y DEVELOP ANTI-EVICTION NETWORKS1 !Y MA9TA9 SELF-ORGANIZ$ 0POPUL> GYMS40 ,!RE >E NEI<BORHOODS 9 ,ROME1 ,MILAN1 & ,NAPLES 9 :I* T5S ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE >E SQUATT+ !IR AP>TM5TS4 ,9 MANY NEI<BORHOODS & >EAS1 ! POOR JO9 ! COMRADES ON ! BASIS ( %>$ NE$S1 & ALSO BECAUSE !IR P>5TS OR !IR GR&P>5TS W]E COMMUNI/S ONCE4 ,& ?IS IS ALSO :Y ,CASA,P\ND FE$S ! HUNGRY ,ITALIANS1 ADORNS ! WALLS ( ! UNIV]SITIES ) !IR WELL-DESIGN$ PO/]S1 & ORGANIZES MUSIC NI<TS & MOVIE SCRE5+S4 ,! DECISIVE FACTORS 9 RECRUITM5T GO F> BEYOND SIMPLE DISC\RSE & PROPAG&A4 ,NOBODY KN[S :AT TO DO NEXT1 BUT COMRADES >E ORGANIZ+ 9 EV]Y >EA ( ! C\NTRY4 

,PO/SCRIPT3 ,HAS ! ,GLOBAL ,FASCI/ ,WAVE ,CRE/$8 

  

,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 A L>GE-SCALE MILITANT RESI/ANCE TO ,DONALD ,TRUMP'S PRESID5TIAL CAMPAIGN & ELECTORAL VICTORY WAS FOLL[$ BY A WIDELY-SUPPORT$ MOVEM5T TO OPPOSE HIS MO/ D$ICAT$ FOLL[]S ON ! F> RI<T4 ,AFT] A YE> ( ORGANIZ+1 CLA%ES1 & DOXX+1 ! ALT-RI<T IS N[ 9 %AMBLES1 CONSOLIDAT+ ITSELF 9TO A FEW ORGANIZATIONS & A SMATT]+ ( SPREE %OOT+S & T]RORI/ ATTACKS4 ,!SE =CES WILL CONT9UE TO BE A PROBLEM = MANY YE>S1 AS !Y HAVE C>RI$ \T A L>GE-SCALE & PROTRACT$ 9T]V5TION 9 RURAL :ITE 5CLAVES = DECADES UNCONTE/$1 BUT IT MAY BE ! CASE ?AT !IR CURR5T MOM5T 9 ! SPOTLI<T AS A MASSIVE /REET-READY MOVEM5T HAS REA*$ ITS 5D4 

,SIMIL>LY1 AFT] SUCCESS 9 ! ,GREEK ELECTIONS ( #b#a#b1 ,GOLD5 ,DAWN MEMB]S & RANK+ (FIC]S OV]EXT5D$ !MSELVES BY MURD]+ ANTI-FASCI/ RAPP] ,PAVLOS ,FYSSAS4 ,?IS KILL+ SIMULTANE\SLY 9ITIAT$ A WAVE ( AN>*I/-9ITIAT$ RIOTS & ATTACKS & BOGG$ D[N !IR P>TY 9 A CRIM9AL 9VE/IGATION4 ,= ! ,GREEKS1 ?IS WAS !IR 0,*>LOTTESVILLE MOM5T40 

,9 ,BRAZIL1 ! RI<T-W+ REACTION SUCCE$$ 9 OV]?R[+ ! LEFT-W+ ,WORK]S ,P>TY1 BUT ! RESULT+ CONFLICTS HAVE BR\<T MILLIONS 9TO ! /REETS4 ,! TYRANNICAL REGIME ( ,TURKI% ,P,M ,TAYYIP ,]DOGAN HAS ALREADY HELP$ TO SP>K TWO 9SURRECTIONS 9 FIVE YE>S1 9 BO? ,I/ANBUL & !N 9 ,KURDI/AN4 ,MORE & MORE1 ! F> RI<T IS COM+ TO BE ASSOCIAT$ ) ! RI* & P[]FUL1 JU/ AS ! LEFT HAS BECOME ASSOCIAT$ ) CORRUPTION1 NEOLIB]ALISM1 & ! FAILURES ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 

,AS ECOLOGICAL CATA/ROPHES 9CREASE 9 FREQU5CY & ! MANEUV]S ( ! WEAL?Y PLUNGE BILLIONS DEEP] 9TO POV]TY & ALI5ATION1 NEW REVOLTS >E B\ND TO BREAK \T4 ,!SE REVOLTS WILL ADOPT ! MEANS & DISC\RSES AVAILABLE TO !M4 ,MILLIONS ( PEOPLE DO NOT (T5 FLOOD ! /REETS 9 ! S]VICE ( AB/RACT IDEALS1 BUT !Y WILL GLADLY APPROPRIATE DISC\RSES AS A TOOL = UND]/&+ !IR SUFF]+ & ! /RUGGLES !Y F9D !MSELVES 94 ,ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS NE$ TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! MOVEM5TS TO COME TO CONNECT ) ! 9CREAS+LY DIV]SE CON/ELLATIONS ( ACTORS 9 !SE MOVEM5TS1 TO LE>N FROM !M & TO (F] \R UNIQUE ME?ODS & CONVICTIONS 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! MOVEM5TS3 NOT JU/ SO ?AT O!RS CAN EMPLOY !M1 BUT SO ?AT WE CAN TE/ !M TOGE!R4 ,AS ! WORLD CONT9UES TO FRACTURE1 MORE & MORE PEOPLE WILL BE COMPELL$ TO JO9 ! FRAY4 ,WE %\LD BE RI<T !RE ) !M1 (F]+ DIFF]5T SOLUTIONS1 RA!R ?AN CRITICIZ+ !M FROM AF> OR AB/A9+ FROM 9VOLVEM5T BECAUSE !SE MOVEM5TS HAVE NOT YET DISCOV]$ \R BR& ( POLITICS4 

,TO GIVE A S+LE EXAMPLE--IF 9 ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ! /ATI/ LEFT IS ABLE TO RESUSCITATE ITSELF 9 ! MOVEM5T AGA9/ S*OOL %OOT+S1 ! C\NT]VAIL+ =CES 9 ! F> RI<T WILL BE P]FECTLY POSITION$ TO OV]COME !IR TEMPOR>Y DISORGANIZATION BY ADDRESS+ EV]YONE :O SEES ! CONTRADICTION 9 APPEAL+ TO ! >MS ( ! /ATE TO DEF5D US AGA9/ GUN VIOL5CE4 ,WE HAVE TO BE PRES5T 9 !SE MOVEM5TS1 (F]+ A PO9T ( DEP>TURE = A MORE ?OR\<GO+ CRITIQUE & MORE RADICAL SOLUTIONS4 

,! 9T]V5TIONS ( ! COM+ P]IOD WILL HAVE TO ACCOMPLI% MANY ?+S4 ,ABOVE ALL1 !Y MU/ REVEAL ! COMPLICITY ( ! F> RI<T ) ! P[]FUL >*ITECTS ( ! PRES5T ORD]1 ON ! ONE H&1 & ON ! O!R1 ! FUNDAM5TAL FAILURE ( ! LEFT TO ADDRESS ! COMPLEX PROBLEMS ( ! WORLD RA!R ?AN R$UC+ !M TO M]E RECRUITM5T OPPORTUNITIES4 ,IF WE >E UNABLE TO ACCOMPLI% ?OSE TASKS1 WE MAY F9D \RSELVES 9 ! SAME SITUATION ?AT AN>*I/S & MILITANT ANTI-FASCI/S FACE 9 MANY =M] ,SOVIET BLOC C\NTRIES1 :]E ! AFT]MA? ( ! ,U,S,S,R HAS CREAT$ A TREM5D\S MOM5TUM T[>DS FASCI/ SOLUTIONS :ILE ! 9/ITUTIONAL =CES ( ! RI<T & LEFT MUTUALLY COLLUDE TO BLOCK ! EM]G5CE ( ALT]NATIVE ME?ODS ( SELF-ORGANIZATION & AUTONOMY4 

.<#a.> ,! POLICE MURD] ( ,P9ELLI IS EXPLOR$ 9 ,D>IO ,FO'S CLASSIC PLAY1 ,ACCID5TAL ,DEA? ( AN ,AN>*I/4 ,! JUDICIAL APP>ATUS ( ! ,ITALIAN /ATE REPEAT$LY F\ND ?AT NO ONE WAS RESPONSIBLE = ,P9ELLI'S MURD]4 ,HAPPILY1 ,LUIGI ,CALABRESI WAS %OT & KILL$ ON HIS WAY TO WORK ON ,MAY #a#g1 #a#i#g#b1 AS ,ALFR$O ,BONANNO DISCUSSES 9 HIS TEXT1 0,I KN[ :O KILL$ ,*IEF ,SUP]9T5D5T ,LUIGI ,CALABRESI40 

.<#b.> ,DIGOS REF]S TO ,DIVISIONE ,9VE/IGAZIONI ,G5]ALI E ,OP]AZIONI ,SPECIALI3 A SPECIAL POLICE =CE D$ICAT$ SOLELY TO 9VE/IGAT+ T]RORISM1 ORGANIZ$ CRIME1 & POLITICAL EXTREMISM4 ,UNLIKE ! ,F,B,I1 ! ,D,I,G,O,S >E WELL-KN[N LOCAL (FIC]S :O >E CON/ANTLY 5GAG+ RADICALS ( V>I\S IDEOLOGIES--H>ASS+ !M AT HOME1 AT WORK1 & 9 PUBLIC1 FREQU5TLY ADDRESS+ !IR T>GETS BY NICKNAMES & SEEK+ TO LE>N !IR 9TIMATE LIFE DETAILS 9 ORD] TO DISRUPT MOVEM5TS & GR\PS4 

.<#c.> ,! 0YE>S ( LEAD10 ! P]IOD ( OP5 CLASS CONFLICT & VIOL5T /RUGGLE 9 ,ITALY FROM ! 5D ( ! #a#i#fS TO ! BEG9N+ ( ! #a#i#hS4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #a#f? ,JUNE #bba FROM CRIME?9C4COM47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#d1 #bbb 3 ,ITALY3 ,WE ,P>TISANS -- ,ADD$4 

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