,JOHN ,/RA*EY ,CONFESSES 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,REVIEW1 ,NEW ,YORK1 ,APRIL #a#i#c#g1 ,MAY #a#i#c#g2 
,! ,!ORY & ,PRACTICE ( ,SOCIALISM4 ,BY ,JOHN ,/RA*EY1 ,R&OM ,H\SE1 ,NEW ,YORK2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,ADAM ,BUICK2 
,PRO($3 & CORRECT$ BY ,GE(F ,TRAU<1 ,JULY #b#e4 

,WRIT+ ON ,/RA*EY'S BOOK ,! ,NATURE ( ,CAPITALI/ 
,CRISIS 7,MOD]N ,MON?LY1 ,APRIL #a#i#c#e7 ! PRES5T REVIEW] HAD TO CLOSE 
) ! REM>K ?AT ANYONE1 LIKE ,/RA*EY1 0:O DOES NOT UND]/& 
CAPITALISM IS ALSO 9CAPABLE ( GETT+ AT ! /ATE ( SOCIETY :I* MU/ ( 
NECESSITY RESULT FROM IT40 ,?IS /ATEM5T IS WELL ILLU/RAT$ BY 
,/RA*EY'S NEW BOOK4 ,HIS ,!ORY & ,PRACTICE IS ESS5TIALLY 
! LA/ REVISION ( ! PROGRAM ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY SPREAD OV] FIVE 
HUNDR$ PAGES4 ,IT RE-*EWS ! KN[N /ATEM5T ( ! ,RUSSOPHILES 9 AN 
ESPECIALLY UN9T]E/+ MANN]4 ,IT S]VES AS A FUR!R EXAMPLE ( ! 
/]ILITY ( PRES5T-DAY ,BOL%EVISM4 

,! BOOK IS DIVID$ 9TO F\R1 ALMO/ UNRELAT$1 P>TS4 

0,/AL910 WRITES ,/RA*EY1 0IS ! CULM9AT+ FIGURE 9 A 
:OLE GR\P ( M51 :I* 9CLUDES ! SEV]AL MILLION MEMB]S ( ! ,COMMUNI/ 
,P>TY1 & 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS 9CLUDES ! :OLE ,RUSSIAN WORK+ CLASS 7P4 
#a#g#b740 ,LEAD]S >E *OS51 BUT 0UNIQUE AB\T WORK+ CLASS RULE IS 
?AT ! WORK]S *OOSE !IR LEAD]S F> MORE C>EFULLY1 ?R\< ! LONG & 
SE>*+ APPR5TICE%IP ( WORK 9 ! ,P>TY1 & CONTROL !M F> MORE 
CLOSELY1 ?AN DO ! CAPITALI/S 7P4 #a#g#c740 ,?IS MI<T EXPLA9 ! FACT 
?AT 0! WORK]S0 W]E ABLE 9 AS %ORT A P]IOD AS SEV5TE5 
YE>S TO DISCOV] ?AT MO/ ( !IR C>EFULLY *OS5 LEAD]S W]E 
0AG5TS ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION10 HIR$ BY ,HITL] & ! ,MIKADO4 
0,VOT+ BY SECRET BALLOT IS IMPOSSIBLE = AN ILLIT]ATE POPULATION 7P4 
#a#g#f740 ,?AT IS H[ ,/RA*EY ACC\NTS = ! UP TO N[ QUE/IONABLE 
ELECTION ME?OD1 BUT CONTROL BY !IR LEAD]S SEEM$ UNHAMP]$ BY ! FACT ( 
! ILLIT]ACY ( ! MASSES4 

,BUT ?IS IS PA/ HI/ORY4 ,WE HAVE N[ 9 ,RUSSIA 0A NEW K9D ( 
DEMOCRACY40 ,HE QUOTES HEAVILY FROM ,5GELS1 ,L59 & ,/AL9 TO EXPLA9 
:Y ! /ATE EXI/S4 ,AFT] FIR/ MAK+ ,RUSSIA A 0CLASSLESS 
SOCIETY10 ,/RA*EY RE/ATES HIS POSITION & SAYS ?AT ! ,/ATE CAN ONLY 
BE DONE AWAY )1 0:5 A TRULY CLASSLESS SOCIETY APPE>S 7P4 
#a#h#h740 ,!RE MU/ !N BE AN 0UNTRULY0 CLASSLESS SOCIETY 9 
,RUSSIA4 ,ONE MAY1 !RE=E1 APPLY TO ,/RA*EY'S *OS5 FA!RL& :AT HE 
SAYS AB\T HIS AS YET UNCONQU]$ FA!RL&3 0,SO LONG AS A LIMIT$ CLASS 
[N SOCIETY'S V]Y MEANS ( LIFE ?AT CLASS WILL RULE2 & ! MO/ 
P]FECTLY DEMOCRATIC CON/ITUTION 9 ! WORLD CAN DO NO MORE ?AN MASK1 & A 
LITTLE MITIGATE1 ITS DICTATOR%IP 7P4 #a#d#i740 

,ON QUE/IONS LIKE RELIGION1 PEACE1 W>1 NATIONALISM1 LIB]TY1 ETC41 ,/RA*EY 
REWRITES ! TYPICAL RESPECTIVE $ITORIAL ( ! ,C4,P4 DAILIES4 ,CRITICISM W\LD 
BE FUTILE H]E4 ,! ?IRD P>T ( HIS BOOK CONTA9S ESSAYS ON ! DEVELOPM5T 
( ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T4 ,P>TLY 9T]E/+ & READABLE1 !Y >E ( NO 
REAL SIGNIFICANCE4 ,! LA/ P>T1 ,! ,SCI5CE ( ,SOCIAL ,*ANGE IS 
! MO/ MEAG] SECTION ( ! BOOK4 ,OV]/UFF$ ) QUOTATIONS FROM 
,5GELS' ,ANTI-,DUHR+1 IT ILLU/RATES MO/ CLE>LY 
,/RA*EY'S !ORETICAL 9CAPACITY4 

,HIS BOOK 0ATTEMPTS TO SAY :AT ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T ( ! WORLD 
IS /RIV+ = 7P4 #i740 ,9 HIS OP9ION1 ?IS HAS BECOME COMP>ATIVELY 
EASY AS 0SOCIALISM HAS N[ BE5 E/ABLI%$ 9 ONE ( ! MAJOR C\NTRIES 
( ! WORLD 7P4 #i740 ,YET1 HE DOES NOT ADDRESS HIS BOOK TO ! WORK]S1 
BUT TO ! 0BE/ M5 & WOM5 ( EV]Y CLASS 9 ,BRITA9 & ,AM]ICA 7P4 
#a#h740 ,! GOOD OLD DAYS ( PROGRESSIVE CAPITALISM >E OV]2 TO LEAD A 
FULL] LIFE1 ,/RA*EY IS CONV9C$1 ! 0BE/ M5 & WOM50 WILL 
SOON TURN TO SOCIALISM4 ,HE WANTS TO %[ H[ NICE SOCIALISM REALLY IS4 
,CAPITALISM 9 ITS HEY-DAY1 HE ADMITS WAS SWELL1 BUT SOCIALISM IS BETT]1 
-- & ANYH[ IT IS 9EVITABLE4 

,A SOCIETY ) 0PR(ITABILITY AS ! CRIT]ION ( PRODUCTION10 
,/RA*EY MA9TA9S1 IS B\ND TO DECL9E1 BR++ ALONG UNBE>ABLE CRISIS 
CONDITIONS :I* WILL LEAD TO A REVOLUTION>Y *ANGE1 TO SOCIALISM1 0! 
FIR/ /AGE ( COMMUNISM40 ,! LAT] /AGE PRESUPPOSES ALL->\ND 
ABUNDANCE1 BR\<T AB\T BY SOCIALISM4 ,OBVI\SLY HE CONTRADICTS H]E COMRADE 
,/AL9 HIMSELF1 :O SO (T5 PO9T$ \T ?AT ! 0PR9CIPLE ( 
PR(ITABILITY 9 ALL 5T]PRISES IS 9DISP5SABLE TO SOCIALISM0 A 
PR9CIPLE1 :I*1 ACCORD+ TO ,/RA*EY1 LEADS TO DECL9E4 

,/RA*EY AGREES L>GELY ) ,/U>T ,*ASE & HIS S*OOL1 9 ?AT ! 
0ESS5TIAL ECONOMIC PROBLEM ( SOCIALISM IS ! DELIB]ATE DECISION ( 
SOME C5TRAL BODY AS TO :AT GOODS1 & H[ MANY ( !M %\LD BE PRODUC$ 7P4 
#c#a740 ,! ONLY DIFF]5CE BETWE5 HIM & ,/U>T ,*ASE IS1 ?AT ! 
LATT] LOOKS AT HIS 0,GOV]NM5T 9 ,BUS9ESS0 AS A CAPITALI/ 
AFFAIR1 :ILE ,/RA*EY REG>DS IT AS A PROBLEM ( SOCIALISM4 ,SOCIALISM IS TO BE 
REALIZ$ BY ! /ATI/ICIANS2 A PLAN IS NE$$4 ,=TUNATELY1 H[EV] -- 
0AL?\< UN9T5TIONALLY0 -- ! CAPITALI/ CLASS HAS ALSO 
PROVID$ ! WORLD & ,/RA*EY ) 0A DRAFT ECONOMIC PLAN 7P4 
#c#b740 ,! F9D+S ( ,! ,NATIONAL ,SURVEY ( ,POT5TIAL ,PRODUCT 
,CAPACITY 7,! ,*>T ( ,PL5TY71 >E SUFFICI5T & SATISFACTORY TO />T 
SOCIALISM )4 ,! P>TIAL ELIM9ATION ( COMPETITION BY ! MONOPOLIZATION ( 
CAPITAL HAS BR\<T PL5TY ( TR\BLE4 ,! REMA9+ COMPETITION ( ! 
9DIVIDUAL 5TREPR5EURS IS TO BE REPLAC$ BY ! CO-ORD9AT+ ACTIVITY ( A 
,PLANN+ ,AU?ORITY4 ,A CONSI/5T1 DEVELOP$ MONOPOLY SEEMS TO ,/RA*EY TO BE 
! SOLUTION4 ,G5]AL COMPETITION OR NONE AT ALL -- ?AT IS ! QUE/ION4 
,! TE*NICAL-ORGANIZATIONAL PLANN+1 :I* M>KS ANY ( ! CAPITALI/ 
5T]PRISES TODAY1 IS TO BE EXT5D$ OV] ! :OLE ( SOCIETY4 

,NO ECONOMIC PROBLEM EXI/S H]E = ,/RA*EY4 ,HE SIMPLY TAKES 
TE*NICAL-ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS = ECONOMIC PROBLEMS4 ,9 REALITY1 SOCIALISM 
WILL DEAL ) ! RELATION ( ! PRODUC] TO ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & 
!RE) TO ! PRODUCTS ( HIS LABOR4 ,IT IS AN ECONOMIC PROBLEM4 ,ONLY AFT] 
?IS IS SOLV$1 WILL ! TE*NICAL-ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS >ISE4 ,/RA*EY IS 
NOT 9T]E/$ 9 A *ANGE ( ! ECONOMIC RELATION 9 SOCIETY4 ,! ,/ATE1 ) 
ITS PLANN+ AU?ORITY1 SIMPLY TAKES ! PLACE ( ! =M] CAPITALI/S4 ,= 
! WORK]S NO?+ IS TO BE *ANG$4 ,AS BE=E1 !Y HAVE NO CONTROL OV] ! 
MEANS ( PRODUCTION & !RE=E NONE OV] ! PRODUCTS ( !IR LABOR4 ,ALL 
0PLANN+0 UND] SU* CONDITIONS MU/ BE 0PLANN+0 TO 
REPRODUCE !SE CONDITIONS ON A L>G] SCALE1 ?AT IS TO APPROPRIATE 
CONT9UALLY MORE SURPLUS-VALUE FROM ! WORK]S & BY SO DO+ 9CREASE ! 
SOCIAL CONTRADICTIONS 9VOLV$ 9 !IR EXPLOITATION4 

,SU* CONDITIONS NECESS>ILY IMPLY CRISIS SITUATIONS4 ,! ABUNDANCE NECESS>Y 
= 0COMMUNISM0 CANNOT BE CREAT$4 ,EXPLOITATION1 BECAUSE ( ! 
MODIFI$ =M ( SOCIETY1 BECOMES ONLY SOON] A H9DRANCE TO FUR!R 
DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES4 ,RUSSIA HAS NOT & CANNOT OV]REA* ! 
LEVEL ( PRODUCTIVE CAPACITIES ACQUIR$ BY ! OLD PRIVATE-CAPITALI/ 
SY/EM4 

,:AT ,/RA*EY HAS TO SAY AB\T ! 0EXI/+ SOCIALI/ SY/EM ( 
PRODUCTION0 HE HAS TAK5 FROM ! ,WEBBS' ,SOVIET-,COMMUNISM3 ,A 
,NEW ,CIVILIZATION4 ,HE ACCEPTS ! ,WEBBS AS AU?ORITIES BECAUSE !IR 
,FABIAN IDEOLOGY ASSURES = HIM SUFFICI5T OBJECTIVITY ON !IR P>T4 ,FABIAN 
SOCIALISM IS A PROPOS$ =M ( /ATE CAPITALISM4 ,:5 ,B4 ,%AW RETURN$ FROM 
,RUSSIA HE CLAIM$ ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAD DONE NO?+ MORE ?AN REALIZE ! 
,FABIAN PROGRAM4 ,! ,WEBBS'' APPRAISAL ( ,RUSSIA IS1 !RE=E1 A 
SELF-APPRAISAL4 ,!IR 0OBJECTIVE0 /ATEM5TS MAKE LIFE EASI] = 
,/RA*EY4 ,ALL HE HAS TO DO IS TO QUOTE & TO POPUL>IZE ! ,WEBBS' FAIRY 
TALES4 

,/RA*EY MAKES IT CLE> ?AT ,RUSSIA HAS NO?+ TO DO ) ! 
0SOME:AT MONOTONE PICTURE ( ! 'SOCIALI/ /ATE' (T5 
DRAWN BY ?OSE :O FAVOR ! CONT9UANCE ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM40 7P4 
#f#b7 ,9 AGRICULTURE1 = 9/ANCE1 PRODUC]S' CO-OP]ATIVES PR$OM9ATE4 
0,& AS !Y SELL A GREAT DEAL ( !IR PRODUCTS ON ! M>KET 9 :I* 
COMPET+ BIDD]S EXI/ 444 A L>GE NUMB] ( GOODS & S]VICES >E 
DI/RIBUT$ BY MEANS ( EX*ANGES BETWE5 DIFF]5T PRODUC]S1 & NOT BY 
ALLOCATION ( ! PLANN+ AU?ORITIES 444 ,AN IMPORTANT PROPORTION ( ! TOTAL 
ANNUAL PRODUCTION COMES TO A G5U9E M>KET & IS B\<T & SOLD1 BETWE5 
ORGANIZATIONS & BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS40 7PP4 #f#b-#f#c7 ,BUT ?IS HAS NO?+ 
TO DO ) CAPITALISM1 BECAUSE1 ACCORD+ TO ,/RA*EY1 0AT NO PO9T 9 
! PROCESS IS !RE ! EMPLOYM5T ( WAGE LABOR = ! PURPOSE ( MAK+ 
PR(IT = ANY 9DIVIDUAL OR GR\P ( 9DIVIDUALS1 & SECONDLY1 NO ACT ( 
PUR*ASE IS MADE ) ! OBJECT ( RE-SELL+ ! GOODS OBTA9$ AT A PR(IT 
TO A ?IRD 9DIVIDUAL OR ORGANIZATION40 7P4 #f#d7 ,IS IT POSSIBLE ?AT 
,/RA*EY DOES NOT KN[ ?AT HIS 0PRODUC]S' CO-OP]ATIVES10 
CONT9U\SLY & ) ! APPROVAL ( ! ,SOVIET ,/ATE1 HIRE WAGE LABOR]S = 
EXPLOITATION8 ,! ,H&BOOK ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION 7P4 #d#c#e71 = 
9/ANCE1 EXPLA9S ?AT WORK]S >E %IFT$ FROM ! CITIES TO ! VILLAGES 
:5 A %ORTAGE ( EMPLOYM5T POSSIBILITIES 9 9DU/RY >ISES4 ,PR(ITS >E NOT 
MADE 9 ! SPH]E ( CIRCULATION4 ,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT ,/AL9'S 
0PR9CIPLE ( PR(ITABILITY0 MU/ 9VOLVE ! EXPLOITATION ( 
LABOR4 ,! M>KET IS NECESS>Y = A PR(IT-MAK+ SOCIETY4 ,!RE IT 
REALIZES PR(IT CREAT$ 9 ! PRODUCTIVE PROCESS4 ,SURELY TO 
REALIZE GREAT] PR(ITS1 AS ,/RA*EY QUOTES ,/AL91 0! EXPANSION ( 
TRADE IS A V]Y URG5T PROBLEM40 7P4 #f#d7 ,WAGE-LABOR 9 9DU/RY IS PR(IT 
PRODUCTION1 ! EXI/+ WAGE LABOR 9 AGRICULTURE IS ! SAME4 ,! 
T5D5CY ( ! /ATE TO 9TRODUCE ! WAGE-SY/EM 9 ! :OLE ( 
AGRICULTURE EXPLA9S ! PRES5T RE/RICTIONS CLAMP$ ON ! COLLECTIVES & 
! 9DIVIDUAL PEASANTS4 

,! 0P>ADOX ( PL5TY0 MU/ 9 TIME APPE> ALSO 9 ,RUSSIA4 
,AFT] QUOT+ ! ,WEBBS ON ! 0EXI/+ ABUNDANCE 9 ,SOVIET 
/ORES10 ,/RA*EY SAYS PR\DLY3 0,SOVIET CITIZ5S FEEL ?AT MANY 
COMMODITIES >E SC>CE40 7P4 #f#f7 ,?IS SITUATION1 HE1 H[EV]1 
F9DS WOND]FUL1 = 0P>ADOXICALLY 5\<1 ! CREATION ( ?IS FEEL+ 
( SC>CITY IS ONE ( ! GREATE/ A*IEVEM5TS ( ! SOCIALI/ ECONOMIC 
SY/EM40 7P4 #f#f7 ,?IS FEEL+ WILL BE FOLL[$ BY ! ATTA9M5T ( 
0G5]AL PL5TY10 :]EBY ONE ( 0! GREATE/ 
A*IEVEM5TS0 WILL BE LO/4 ,G5]AL PL5TY 0WILL NOT HAVE BE5 
FULLY ACCOMPLI%$ UNTIL EV]Y ,SOVIET CITIZ5 :O WANTS ONE1 [NS A MOTOR C> 
7P4 #a#h740 ,FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES MU/ BE MU* CLOS] 
TO SOCIALISM ?AN ! ,U4,S4,S4,R4 

,AFT] A SICK5+ ATTEMPT TO SIMPLIFY ! ,M>XI/ CONCEPT ( SURPLUS VALUE1 
HE TAKES UP ! DIFF]5CES 9 ! DI/RIBUTION ME?ODS 9 ,RUSSIA & ! RE/ 
( ! CAPITALI/ WORLD4 ,= HIM ! ONE IS MORE EV5LY REGULAT$ ?AN 
! ONE4 ,& ?AT IS :Y ! ONE CANNOT GET RID ( COMMODITIES1 ! O!R HAS 
AN EASY TIME AT ?AT4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM ( DI/RIBUTION 
CREATES CLASSES1 0= :AT PLACES A P>TICUL> 9DIVIDUAL 9 ONE OR ! 
O!R CLASS IS NOT ! SIZE1 BUT ! S\RCE ( HIS 
9COME40 7P4 #i#h7 ,AS IF ! S\RCE IS NOT ALWAYS PRODUCTIVE LABOR & ALL 
ACTIVITY1 :I* IS NOT SU*1 IS NOT SUPPORT$ BY SURPLUS LABOR ( ! 
PRODUC]S4 ,H[ IS IT POSSIBLE TO DIVORCE ! SIZE FROM ! S\RCE8 ,A GREAT SIZE 
IS A GREAT] SLICE1 A GREAT] APPROPRIATION ( SURPLUS LABOR4 ,UND] RELATIONS 
( EXPLOITATION ! 0SIZE0 BECOMES ALSO A S\RCE ( GREAT] 
EXPLOITATION4 ,/RA*EY NE$S HIS TRICK =MULATIONS TO JU/IFY ! 
DIFF]5TIATION ( 9COME 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,! :OLE QUE/ION ( DI/RIBUTION BOILS 
D[N = HIM TO 0H[ MU* %ALL ?IS MAN GET -- H[ MU* ! 
O!R40 ,EXPLOITATION MU/ BE PLANN$ 9 ORD] TO BE CONT9U$4 
0,COMMUNI/S10 9 ,/RA*EY'S OP9ION1 0DO NOT PROPOSE 
EI!R1 AS AN IMM$IATE OR AS AN ULTIMATE AIM1 ! PROVISION ( EQUAL 9COMES 
TO ALL MEMB]S ( ! COMMUNITY1 A FLAT EQUALITY ( PAY W\LD NOT ONLY BE 
IMPOSSIBLE IT W\LD ALSO BE UNDESIRABLE40 7P4 #a#a#g7 ,! PAY IS GIV5 
ACCORD+ TO ! QUALITY & QUANTITY ( WORK4 ,AGA9 ! PLANN+ AU?ORITY 
MAKES ! RESPECTIVE EVALUATIONS4 ,= 9/ANCE1 A JUDGE :O CONVICTS MORE 
,TROTSKYITES OR MORE IMPORTANT ,TROTSKYITES ?AN ANO!R1 WILL BE PROMOT$ & 
GIV5 MORE PAY4 ,A ,G,P,U-AG5T :O TORTURES MORE SCI5TIFICALLY 7QUALITY7 MORE 
0,HITL] AG5TS0 9 A %ORT] TIME 7QUANTITY7 -- 9 O!R 
WORDS1 A REAL ,/AKHANOVI/ 9 HIS FIELD -- WILL HAVE TO RECEIVE MORE PAY4 
,AS 9 CAPITALISM1 ?OSE :OSE WORK1 IS1 FROM ! SOCIAL PO9T ( VIEW1 MORE 
IMPORTANT & MO/ /R5U\S RECEIVE ! LESS] 9COME4 ,IF QUANTITY & QUALITY 
( WORK REALLY W]E ! MEASUREM5T1 ! PRES5T PICTURE 9 ,RUSSIA W\LD HAVE 
TO BE REV]S$1 ! L[E/ PAID W\LD HAVE TO REPLACE ?OSE PAID HI<E/ AT 
PRES5T4 ,IF A PRODUCTIVE WORK] 9 ,RUSSIA RECEIVES MON?LY #b RUBLES 
& A DE/RUCTIVE MILIT>Y (FIC] #b1 RUBLES1 IT IS SIMPLY IDIOTIC 
TO SAY ?AT ! 9COMES >E BAS$ ON ! QUANTITY & QUALITY ( WORK4 ,! 
PRODUCTION & REPRODUCTION ( LABOR P[] IS 9 REALITY1 LIKE EV]Y?+ ELSE1 
ALSO 9 ,RUSSIA LEFT TO ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,IT IS NOT SOCIALLY REGULAT$4 ,) ?IS 
! PRICES ( LABOR MU/ V>Y AS !Y DO 9 CAPITALISM4 ,EV5 9 ! CASE ( ! 
,/AKHANOVI/S ! PHRASE 0ACCORD+ TO QUANTITY & QUALITY0 IS 
)\T S5SE4 ,9 RELATION TO !IR \TPUT ! WAGES ( !SE WORK]S >E L[] 
?AN ?OSE ( O!R WORK]S4 ,!IR WAGES RISE SL[] ?AN !IR PRODUCTIVITY1 
!Y >E N[ MORE1 NOT LESS1 EXPLOIT$4 ,M>X'S CONCEPT ( QUANTITY ( 
LABOR 9VOLVES LABOR TIME1 ,/RA*EY'S CONCEPT ( QUANTITY & 
QUALITY ( LABOR HAS NO?+ TO DO ) ,M>X'S IDEA4 ,ON ! BASIS ( 
,/RA*EY'S MEASUREM5T ( ! 0VALUE0 ( WORK1 SOCIALISM IS 
IMPOSSIBLE4 ,HIS MEASUREM5T IMPLIES A SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION1 ( WAGE-LABOR & 
! M>KET & MONEY ECONOMY4 

0,! ACTUAL QUANTITATIVE DEGREE ( 9EQUALITY BETWE5 DIFF]5T E>N$ 
9COMES IS ALWAYS SMALL AS COMP>$ ) ! 9EQUALITY BETWE5 E>N$ & 
UNE>N$ 9COMES10 ,/RA*EY CONSOLES HIMSELF1 0= :ILE AN 9COME 
( FIFTE5 TIMES ! M9IMUM LEVEL CAN EASILY BE SP5T ON CONSUM]S GOODS & 
S]VICES1 AN 9COME ( =TY ?\S& TIMES ! M9IMUM LEVEL CANNOT SO BE 
SP5T1 & MU/ BE 9 A L>GE MEASURE ACCUMULAT$40 7P4#a#e7 ,H]E HE USES 
ANO!R TRICK TO %[ ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN 9EQUALITIES >E NOT AS BAD AS 9 O!R 
C\NTRIES4 ,9 CAPITALISM1 ACCUMULATION IS A PRIVATE FUNCTION & NECESSITATES 
HI< 9EQUALITIES 9 ORD] TO BE POSSIBLE4 ,9 /ATE-CAPITALI/ ,RUSSIA IT IS A 
COLLECTIVE FUNCTION ( ! NEW RUL+ CLASS & ! 9COMES ( ?IS CLASS >E 
ACC\NT$ = AFT] ACCUMULATION HAS TAK5 PLACE4 ,NECESS>ILY !IR CONSUMPTION 
FUND WILL BE EXPRESS$ 9 SMALL] FIGURES1 BUT ! HI<] 9COME ( ! PRIVATE 
CAPITALI/S MI<T MEAN AT ! SAME TIME A L[] CONSUMPTION FUND1 :5 COMP>$ 
) ?AT ( ! NEW ,RUSSIAN B\RGEOISIE4 ,!RE >E EXCEPTIONALLY HI< PRIVATE 
=TUNES 9 ! OLD CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES4 ,BUT IT IS YET TO BE PROV$ ?AT ! 
CONSUMPTION FUND ( ! NON-WORK]S 9 PRIVATE-CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES IS HI<] 
?AN ?AT ( ! NON-WORK]S 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,& ?IS HAS TO BE PROV$ ON AN EQUAL 
PRODUCTIVE LEVEL4 ,9 ,CAPITAL ,M>X PO9T$ \T ?AT ! CAPITALI/S AT 
! BEG9N+ ( CAPITALISM1 W]E QUITE AB/EMI\S1 = !Y NE$$ A 
RELATIVELY L>GE %>E ( !IR PR(ITS = CAPITALIZATION4 ,IT IS A LONG /EP 
FROM ?IS SITUATION TO ,VEBL5'S ,LEISURE ,CLASS4 ,! CONSUMPTION FUND ( 
! NEW RUL+ CLASS 9 ,RUSSIA WILL 9CREASE ) ! 9CREASE ( EXPLOITATION1 
A PROCESS WE >E N[ WITNESS+4 ,ACCUMULATION ON ! BASIS ( 9EQUALITY MEANS 
! ACCUMULATION ( 9EQUALITY4 ,) ! NECESSITY1 ! RI* 9 ,RUSSIA TOO WILL 
BECOME RI*] & ! POOR POOR]4 

,NATURALLY ! 0PRES5T 9T]E/-BE>+ GOV]NM5T BONDS0 9 
,RUSSIA DON'T FIT 9 ,/RA*EY'S >GUM5T AB\T ! PROCESS ( 
ACCUMULATION4 ,H[EV] HE HOPES 0?AT ?IS WILL PROVE A TEMPOR>Y & 
TRANSITIONAL FEATURE ( A SY/EM ( PLANN$ PRODUCTION = USE 7P4 #a#f740 
,UN=TUNATELY = ,/RA*EY ?IS =M ( 0UNE>N$ 9COME0 IS ON ! 
9CREASE 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,TO DO AWAY ) IT1 A NEW EXPROPRIATION ( ! 
EXPROPRIATORS ( O!R PEOPLE'S LABOR WILL BE NECESS>Y4 ,NEV] DOES A 
PRIVILEG$ CLASS GIVE UP !IR PRIVILEGES )\T A /RUGGLE4 ,NOT ! ABOLITION 
BUT ! DEVELOPM5T ( CLASSES *>ACT]IZES ! ,RUSSIAN SC5E4 ,/AL9 CLAIMS 
?AT CLASSES HAVE ALREADY BE5 ABOLI%$1 & SO ,/RA*EY EXPLA9S ?AT ! 
ABOLITION ( CLASSES MEANS NO?+ MORE ?AN EQUALITY ( OPPORTUNITY4 
,OPPORTUNITY TO GET A BIGG] SLICE FROM ! 0S\RCELESS0 CONSUMPTION 
FUND4 0,IT IS TRUE10 HE ADMITS1 0?AT 9 A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY 
! *ILDR5 ( ! HI<] PAID WORK]S 5JOY ADVANTAGES OV] ! *ILDR5 ( 
! L[] PAID4 ,BUT SU* ADVANTAGES CAN BE ALMO/ COMPLETELY (FSET BY A 
SUFFICI5TLY COMPREH5SIVE SY/EM ( SOCIAL S]VICES1 SU* AS ,/ATE $UCATION1 
ETC4 7P4 #a#i740 ,HE DOES NOT EV5 SEE ?AT HIS /ATEM5T CONTRADICTS 
ITSELF1 = IF Y\ (FSET SU* 9EQUALITY !RE W\LD BE NO 9EQUALITY4 ,BUT :Y 
9EQUALITY 9 ! FIR/ PLACE8 ,FUR!RMORE ON ?IS BASIS ,/RA*EY'S 
SOCIALISM C\LD NOT BE FULFILL$1 = 9 HIS SY/EM 9EQUALITY1 AS WE ALREADY 
KN[1 IS NOT 0ONLY NECESS>Y BUT DESIRABLE40 ,IT BECOMES CLE> ?AT 
ALL ,/RA*EY IS /RIV+ = IS A PHILAN?ROPIC CAPITALISM :I* GIVES SOME ( 
! POOR A BREAK ONCE 9 A :ILE4 

,9EQUALITY !RE MU/ BE = ,/RA*EY BECAUSE 0ONE ( ! 
*>ACT]I/ICS ( CONTEMPOR>Y HUMAN BE+S 444 IS ?AT !Y >E ACCU/OM$ TO 
WORK = AN 9DIVIDUAL REW>D 7P4 #a#a#e740 ,ON ! BASIS ( ?IS 
>GUM5TATION ! 5TIRE CAPITALI/ SOCIETY WILL HAVE TO BE PRES]V$1 = 
PEOPLE >E ACCU/OM$ TO IT4 ,IT FL\TS HIS CONCEPTION ( JU/ICE 0?AT 
! BETT] WORK] %\LD GET NO MORE ?AN ! LESS GOOD WORK]40 

,! 0YE>S ( TRA9+0 :I* ! BETT] WORK] W5T ?R\< 
MU/ BE REW>D$4 ,BUT ALL ! TIME ,/RA*EY >GUES FROM ! LEVEL ( ! 
B\RGEOIS SOCIETY :I* LEAVES ! REPRODUCTION ( ! DIFF]5T LABOR 
FUNCTIONS TO ! 9DIVIDUALS4 ,?IS B\RGEOIS PO9T ( VIEW HE TRIES TO 
ET]NALIZE4 ,9 SOCIALISM1 H[EV]1 ! REPRODUCTION ( LABOR P[] IS A SOCIAL 
AFFAIR4 ,TRA9+ = LABOR ITSELF IS LABOR4 ,IT IS NOT PREP>ATION = A HI<] 
9COME1 BUT = SOME USEFUL SOCIAL WORK4 ,SOCIETY PROVIDES = ! TRA9+4 
,) ?IS ! 0JU/IFI$ CLAIM0 = A BETT] 9COME BECAUSE ( 
P]SONAL SACRIFICES DISAPPE>S4 ,= ,/RA*EY1 H[EV]1 BETT] PAY IS MORE ?AN 
! SATISFACTION ( HIS 0S5SE = JU/ICE40 ,IT IS 0ONE ( 
! 9C5TIVES :I* MAKES A MAN WORK = PROMOTION4 ,MANY M5 >E ALLUR$ BY 
! 9CREAS$ P[] :I* PROMOTION NE>LY ALWAYS BR+S ) IT4 ,ASSOCIAT$ 
) P[] IS PRE/IGE 7P4 #a#c#g740 ,P[] = :AT8 ,OV] :OM8 ,9 A 
CLASSLESS1 NON-EXPLOIT+ SOCIETY8 ,/RA*EY DOES NOT WANT SU* A SOCIETY4 ,HE 
WANTS /ATE-CAPITALISM A LA ,RUSSIA4 ,IT GOES AGA9/ HIS GRA9 TO 
?9K ?AT A WORK] %\LD BE HIS EQUAL 9 SOCIETY4 ,HE WANTS P[] & 
PRE/IGE1 :I* IS ALSO MORE MAT]IAL WEAL?4 ,& = ?IS REASON HE DOES NOT 
EV5 M5TION ! REAL 9C5TIVES TO WORK DOM9ANT 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,! WORK]S !RE 
MU/ EI!R WORK UND] ! CONDITIONS PROVID$ = !M BY A MIXTURE ( M>KET 
RELATIONS & ! IDEAS ( ! PLANN+ AU?ORITY1 OR />VE4 ,POSSESS+ 
NO?+ BUT !IR LABOR P[]1 !IR WORK IS REALLY =C$ LABOR AS ELSE:]E 
9 CAPITALISM4 ,O!RWISE !RE W\LD BE NO NE$ = ! WAGE SY/EM4 

,IT IS TRUE1 ,M>X SPOKE1 & NOT V]Y CLE>LY1 ( ! TWO PHASES ( 
SOCIALISM3 ,! FIR/1 /ILL REQUIR+ A G5]AL MEASUREM5T TO 5ABLE ! 
SMOO?-GO+ ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION2 & A SECOND PHASE1 :]E 9 
RELATION TO CONSUMPTION1 SU* A /RICT MEASUREM5T CAN DISAPPE>1 BECAUSE ! 
ABUNDANCE WILL MAKE IT UNNECESS>Y4 ,?IS MEASUREM5T IS ! SOCIAL AV]AGE 
LABOR TIME4 ,BUT ,/RA*EY'S SOCIALISM1 AS ! FIR/ PHASE ( COMMUNISM1 
HAS NO?+ TO DO ) ?IS CONCEPT4 ,M>X'S CONCEPT IMPLIES ! PRIOR 
DE/RUCTION ( ! CAPITAL-WAGE RELATION%IP1 :I* IS1 ON ! CONTR>Y ! 
BASIS ( ,/RA*EY'S FIR/ PHASE4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #b1 #bba 3 ,JOHN ,/RA*EY ,CONFESSES -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,JOHN ,/RA*EY ,CONFESSES -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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