,J\RNALISM @& ,LIT]ATURE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,DORA ,M>SD5 

,TEXT 3 

,AN 5?USIA/IC *EMICAL RESE>* /UD5T WAS EXPLA9+ TO ME ! O!R DAY H[ A ,S*OOL ( ,*EMI/RY JU/IFIABLY FALLS 9TO DISREPUTE :5 IT %[S ITSELF WILL+ TO ALL[ ITS ACTIVITIES TO BE AFFECT$ BY DEM&S & PROBLEMS IMM$IATELY >IS+ \T ( ! WORLD ( COMM]CE4 ,TO A MILD QUE/ION AS TO :E!R *EMICAL 9QUIRY SO 9SPIR$ MI<T NOT BE AS FRUITFUL 9 RESULTS AS ANY >RIV$ AT ALONG ! PA? ( 0G5]AL0 9QUIRY MY 5?USIA/ ANSW]$1 0,NO40 ,! TWO FIELDS1 ?\< !Y OV]LAPP$ AT PO9TS1 W]E QUITE DI/9CT--!IR ANIMAT+ 9T]E/ POLES AP>T1 & TO ID5TIFY !M WAS TO DO DAMAGE TO ! FIR/ 9T]E/S ( BO?4 ,! *EMICAL DISCOV]IES BY :I* COMM]CIAL 5T]PRISE HAD BE5 MO/ EFFECT$ HAD BE5 BYPRODUCTS ( G5]AL 9QUIRY1 RI* DROPS FROM A BROAD /REAM :OSE [N RI*NESS WAS ! PRECONDITION ( ! DROPP+S BE+ :AT !Y W]E4 ,MOREOV]1 COMM]CIAL UND]TAK+S CAN1 & DO1 EMPLOY !IR [N RESE>*-WORK]S TO PICK UP & GLEAN = !IR [N SPECIAL 9T]E/S2 :I* IS AS %\LD BE3 DIRECT MEANS ADAPT$ TO SET 5DS3 PURPOSES REPUTABLE 9 !IR [N SPH]E APPROPRIATELY SUBS]V$4 ,BUT IT WAS NOT APPROPRIATE ?AT ! ACTIVITIES ( A ,S*OOL ( ,*EMI/RY %\LD BE DIV]T$ 9TO ! S]VICE ( ANY OR ALL ( SU* IMM$IATE 5DS4 ,IT HAS ITS [N 5DS TO S]VE3 TO ASSUAGE & :ET AFRE% AN EV]LA/+ CURIOSITY 9 ! 0,:AT0 & 0,H[0 & 0,:,Y0 ( ?+S1 & ITS HI<E/ UTILITY LIES 9 S]V+ ?AT4 ,ITS S\L IS CURIOSITY & ITS REW>D ,KN[L$GE & AN 9T5S] CURIOSITY & A DEEP] 9T]E/4 ,ITS 5D IS NEV] TO >RIVE AT AN 5D3 NEV] TO RE/ ON A*IEVEM5TS SUFFICI5TLY LONG TO EXPLOIT !M COMM]CIALLY--:I* L5G? ( TIME AS IT SEEMS IS JU/ CO9CID5T ) ?AT REQUIR$ TO WEAN 9T]E/ FROM SCI5CE TO PR(ITS4 ,SO ?AT :ILE EA* SCI5TI/ IS MORE ?AN SCI5TI/ & HAS PURPOSES :I* >E IMM$IATE 5DS--EV5 MONEY-MAK+--9 SO F> AS CURIOSITY AB\T ! BEHAVIOR ( SUB/ANCES IS A ,MA/]-PASSION1 IT MU/ REMA9 JEAL\SLY SEP>ATE FROM1 & ALI5 9 SPIRIT TO1 ! COMMON SPIRIT B5T ON 0MAK+ GOOD0 COMM]CIALLY3 JEAL\S JU/ BECAUSE IT IS R>E :ILE ! COMM]CIAL SPIRIT IS EV]Y:]E4 ,ONLY 9 ?IS & ?AT %ELT]$ VALLEY TO :I* O!R K9DS ( 9T]E/ HAVE RETIR$ 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE DOES ANO!R K9D ( SPIRIT DOM9ATE4 ,& !RE--JU/ BECAUSE IT IS R>E--IT IS =BIDD5 TO ! BAS] K9D TO BE FRAIL2 IF IT IS TO SURVIVE1 IT MU/ !RE REMA9 DOM9ANT4 ,H5CE1 IT IS AN OM9\S SIGN = SCI5CE :5 SCI5TI/S >E F\ND READY TO EMBROIL ! COOL CRITICAL SPIRIT ( RESE>* 9 ! FEV]I% SCRAMBLE AFT] PR(ITS3 EV5 HONE/ PR(ITS4 4 4 4 ,?US MY SCI5TIFIC FRI5D1 :O SEEM$ TO HAVE ! >GUM5T FLU5T 5\<4 ,& IT HAD A NOT UNCONV9C+ S\ND1 P>TICUL>LY TO ONE :O DID NOT KN[ :AT !RE IS TO BE KN[N ( ! HI/ORY ( SCI5CE4 ,BUT IT MU/ BE CONFESS$ ?AT IT WAS NOT ! =CE ( ! REM>KS AS APPLI$ TO *EMI/RY :I* MADE ! >GUM5TS IMPRESSIVE4 ,IT WAS NOT EV5 ! IRONY ( ! COMM5T>Y IT SUGGE/S1 ?AT ONLY BECAUSE SOME M5 HAVE 9T]E/S AB\T :I* !Y C>E MORE ?AN AB\T MONEY DO ! 9T]E/S :I* 9SPIRE O!R M5 TO C>E MORE AB\T MONEY ?AN AB\T ANY?+ ELSE A*IEVE EXI/5CE4 ,IT WAS RA!R :5 ?IS /ORY AB\T *EMI/RY & PR(ITS SUGGE/$ AN ANALOGY BETWE5 PHILOSOPHY & J\RNALISM ?AT IT SUDD5LY BECAME SUFFICI5TLY ALIVE TO SEEM WOR? TRANSCRIB+ H]E4 

,LIFE IS ONLY BANKRUPT :5 KEEP+ ON LIV+ DOES NOT SEEM WOR? ! EF=T IT 5TAILS4 ,! FE> ( DEA? OR ! HORROR ( AN IMM95T PROSPECT ( DEA? DO NOT COME ON ! SAME LEVEL = COMP>ISON ) A DI/A/E = LIFE3 9DE$ ! SOLE FACTOR :I* 9VE/S !SE =M] ) !IR ELEM5T ( TRAG$Y IS ! ASSUMPTION ?AT !Y EXI/ 9 CONJUNCTION ) AN >D5T LOVE ( LIFE4 ,?AT MILLIONS ( LIVES >E BE+ BR\<T DAILY FACE TO FACE ) DEA? DOES NOT !RE=E REALLY AFFECT ! 9/9CT ( ?OSE :O CONT9UE TO FIVE 9 COMP>ATIVE SAFETY TO BE AT PA9S TO MAKE !IR LIFE PAY ITS WAY 9 SATISFACTIONS4 ,?AT :I* MADE LIFE VALUABLE BE=E ! W>1 IF IT BE POSSIBLE TO PRES]VE IT DUR+ ! W>1 IS MORE ?AN EV] WOR? ! PRES]V+4 ,TO ALL[ ONE'S ATT5TION TO BECOME 5SN>$ 9 AFFAIRS :I* >E ALL MADE UP ( ACTION & YET TO OCCUPY ! ROLE ( ! 09ACTIVE10 BEGETS A WE>9ESS ( ITS [N QUITE AP>T FROM ANY S5SE ( DEPRESSION :I* MI<T >ISE \T ( ! AFFAIRS !MSELVES2 SO ?AT TO ATTEMPT TO MA9TA9 ! PLEASURES :I* /ILL REMA9 AT !IR FULL QUALITY BECOMES A S]VICE = ! 09ACTIVE0 EM95TLY 0WOR?Y40 ,IF ONE W]E COMM&]-9-*IEF OR A MODE/ PRIVATE ONE W\LD ASSUR$LY W9 ! W>1 BUT BE+ NEI!R1 NOR YET ANY?+ BETWE51 ATT5D+ TO ONE'S [N BUS9ESS SEEMS A REASONABLE PREOCCUPATION1 :ILE ! /EADY OBLIT]ATION ( ! DIVID+ L9E BETWE5 ,J\RNALISM & ,LIT]ATURE 7,J\RNALISM & ,PHILOSOPHY3 IT IS ! SAME ?+7 IS A TASK LY+ TO H&2 ESPECIALLY SO1 S9CE IT IS BY NO MEANS UNLIKELY ?AT A FULL RECOGNITION BY ! AU?ORITIES ( ! DISA/]S :I* ?IS OBLIT]ATION 9VITES WILL NOT BE A PR]EQUISITE ( ANY SUCCESSFUL DEAL+ ) ! W>3 ?\<1 UP TO DATE1 ! PROCESS :I* BE=E ! W> HAD GONE F>1 S9CE HAS M]ELY BECOME ! MORE COMPLETE4 

,J\RNALISM IS ! 9T]E/$ P]SUASION1 BY MEANS ( LIT]>Y =MS1 ( ! G5]AL PUBLIC TO BACK OR BAN SU* PURPOSES AS SEEM GOOD TO ?OSE AT :OSE 9/IGATION ! P]SUASIVE EF=T IS SET 9 MOTION4 ,?OSE :O SKET* ! PLAN :I* 0P]SUASION0 IS TO FOLL[ MAY 5GAGE & PAY 0J\RNALI/S0 :O >E BETT] ABLE ?AN !Y TO MANIPULATE ! =MS3 OR !Y MAY HAVE ! MEANS & TAL5TS TO C>RY \T !IR V]BAL PLANS !MSELVES4 ,! FEATURE :I* MAKES J\RNALISM 9TO J\RNALISM IS--NOT ?AT IT IS B\<T & SOLD--BUT ?AT IT IS SUBSIDI>Y TO 5DS BEYOND ITSELF4 ,ALL J\RNALISM IS 09T]E/$03 ! S]VANT ( AN 9T]E/ & PURPOSE2 ( ! NE$S ( A PASS+ DAY & ! MOODS ( A *ANG+ P]SON4 ,IT EXPLOITS LIT]>Y =M TO FUR!R SOME P>TICUL> 5T]PRISE4 ,IT IS NOT LIT]ATURE ?\< IT EXPLOITS LIT]ATURE3 NOT PHILOSOPHY ?\< IT EXPLOITS IT4 ,?AT ! MAT]IAL 9 :I* IT %APES ITSELF & 9 ! USE ( :I* ! MANIPULATORS >E ADEPT HAPP5S TO BE LANGUAGE BR+S J\RNALISM AS NE> TO LIT]ATURE AS ABILITY TO MIX PA9T BR+S ! H\SE-PA9T] TO ! >TI/2 BO? >E REPUTABLE CRAFTSM5 BUT DIFF]5T3 BO? REQUIRE SOME ABILITY3 BO? HAVE RECOGNIZ$ USES--AT LEA/ ! H\SE-PA9T] HAS3 & BO? WORK 9 PA9T4 ,:AT ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! TWO EXPLOIT]S ( PA9T IS CAN P]HAPS BE/ BE %[N BY ! DIFF]5CE 9 !IR ATTITUDES T[>DS ! P]MAN5CE ( !IR WORK4 ,! H\SEPA9T] W\LD FEEL MORE ?AN DEPRESS$ IF HE ?\<T HIS EFFECTS LIKELY TO LA/ = EV]1 OR EV5 = A LIFETIME2 :ILE ! >TI/ W\LD GIVE ! /UDY ( A LIFETIME 9 ORD] TO L5D A SLI<TLY ADD$ DURABILITY TO HIS PA9T4 ,! H\SE-PA9T] LOOKS TO ! CONT5TS ( HIS PA9T-POT TO PROVIDE HIM ) A JOB4 ,HE HAS NO?+ HE VALUES P>TICUL>LY TO PUT 9TO HIS PA9T+2 HE SPREADS PA9T \T UND] ! DIRECTION ( SOME ONE :O WANTS A SURFACE CONCEAL$ BY MEANS ( IT4 ,! >TI/ \T ( HIS PA9T SEEKS TO CONTRIVE A WEB :I* %ALL 5ME% = ALL TIME SOME FACT ( FEEL+ :I* HE1 AT LEA/1 ?9KS WOR? HOLD+ 9 MEMORY4 ,! DIFF]5CE IS ?AT ONE IS US+ A =M AS A CONTRIVANCE TO P]PETUATE SOME?+ :I* HE ?9KS VALUABLE3 ! O!R IS EXPRESS+ :AT !RE IS = HIM TO EXPRESS BY FL\RI%+ ! =M ITSELF4 ,SO ) LIT]ATURE3 LIT]ATURE IS ! TRANSP>5T VASE 9 :I* >E PRES]V$ P]MAN5T FEATURES ( ! ,HUMAN ,M9D4 ,! DESIRE TO SECURE P]MAN5CE = !IR WORK NO MATT] H[ MI/AK5 !Y MAY HAVE BE5 9 ! MEANS !Y ADOPT$ TO ATTA9 TO IT1 IS AN ESS5TIAL *>ACT]I/IC ( ! WRIT]S ( LIT]ATURE4 ,MILTON1 = 9/ANCE1 DELIB]ATELY SELECT$ ! !OLOGICAL !ME AS A SETT+ = HIS QUOTA ( OBS]VATIONS AB\T ,MAN TO M51 ON ACC\NT ( :AT HE CONSID]$ ITS /RONG PROMISE ( DURABILITY ( 9T]E/4 ,?AT PROBABLY IT IS ?IS V]Y *OICE :I* HAS MADE 0,P>ADISE ,LO/0 & 0,P>ADISE ,REGA9$0 UNKN[N BOOKS SAVE 9 !IR PASSAGES ( /RONG HUMAN REVELATION M]ELY PROVES H[ DIFFICULT IT IS TO DISGUISE FU/IAN1 & ?AT 0BELIEFS0 & DIRECT HUMAN OBS]VATIONS DO NOT COME ON ! SAME LEVEL ( DURABILITY4 ,?IS DI/9CTION BETWE5 J\RNALISM & LIT]ATURE ONCE FRANKLY RECOGNIZ$3 LIT]ATURE BE+--AS TO =M--?AT :I* IS MO/ FAVORABLE TO P]MAN5CE & AS TO SUB/ANCE AN ACCRETION ( ! GR[+ /OCK ( UNRAVEL$ HUMAN MOTIVES2 J\RNALISM BE+ A SUBSIDI>Y =M1 ONE AMONG MANY TURN$ TO ASSI/1 AS MAY BE1 A PASS+ PURPOSE & TAK+ ITS *>ACT] FROM ! 5D IT S]VES2 ?IS DI/9CTION ONCE OP5LY RECOGNIZ$1 ! UNDUE CONTEMPT :I* J\RNALISM RECEIVES BECOMES AS MEAN+LESS AS ! CONTEMPT = H\SE-PA9T+1 :ILE IT MAKES POSSIBLE A MORE JEAL\S C>E 9 FO/]+ S+LE-HE>T$NESS 9 LIT]ATURE4 ,J\RNALISM HAS RECEIV$ & E>N$ CONTEMPT ONLY BECAUSE IT HAS PRET5D$ TO BE 9SPIR$ BY ! PURPOSE :I* 9SPIRES LIT]ATURE1 & SO HAS C\RT$ JUDGM5T BY /&>DS 9T5D$ = WORK :I* ASPIRES TO BE JUDG$ AS LIT]ATURE4 ,JUDG$ BY SU* /&>DS IT IS NOT POSSIBLE = J\RNALISM OR ! J\RNALI/ TO ESCAPE CONDEMNATION4 ,9EVITABLY1 ! J\RNALI/ :O M]ELY DOES HONE/LY :AT HE IS EMPLOY$ TO DO IS WRITT5 D[N A MEAN HACK2 :]EAS ! COMMIS VOYAGEUR :O PRESSES ON HIS PICK$ PUBLIC HIS EMPLOY]'S ,PILLS1 ,PIANOS1 ,%ODDY ,GOODS1 ,T9N$ ,GOODS1 :AT NOT1 I@<@< A RESPECTABLE P]SON4 ,! NEWSPAP]-PROPRIETOR IS ACC\NT$ A CUNN+ DEFAC] ( 0,! ,TRU?03 A SUBORN] ( FACILE KNAVES TO ! DETRIM5T ( ! 0,GOOD ( ,ALL0--?AT UNIV]SAL /ALK+-HORSE CONTROV]SY--AS COMP>$ ON ! O!R H& ) ! MANUFACTUR]1 MEAT-M]*ANT & ! LIKE1 :O >E ACC\NT$ ! BACKBONE ( ! COMMUNITY & EMBODIM5T ( ITS FREE TRADITION4 ,YET EA* IS B5T ON 9CREAS+ HIS 09FLU5CE10 ONE 9 ONE M>KET ONE 9 ANO!R3 ! M$IUM AT LEA/ ( ! J\RNALI/ BE+ MORE PAT5T & OBVI\S IF HIS MEANS >E MORE SUBTLE4 ,:AT MANN] ( MAN AMONG Y\ BE+ 9 BUS9ESS & F9D+ ?AT HIS AMBITION--ANY ONE ( ! MILLION 5DS UPON :I* M5 DO SET !IR AMBITION--IS FUR!R$ BY A FAVORABLE ,PUBLIC ,OP9ION W\LD NOT SET TO WORK TO 9FLU5CE ?AT ,OP9ION TO ! FULLE/ EXT5T HE C\LD8 ,:AT MAK] ( GOODS BUT S5DS \T HIS AG5TS TO 9FLU5CE ! M>KET = !M OR COMPANY-PROMOT] :O FAILS TO ISSUE AN ATTRACTIVE PROSPECTUS 8 ,?IS MAK+ ( DI/9CTIONS :]E NONE EXI/ COMES FROM CONFUS+ J\RNALISM ) LIT]ATURE1 & :AT J\RNALI/S SAY ) SOME?+ :I* IS CALL$ 0,TRU?40 

,! DEVELOPM5T ( CONTROV]SY AS AN 9/RUM5T ( ATTACK & DEF5SE IS ! MO/ COMPLEX & ! MO/ 5GAG+ A*IEVEM5T ( ! HUMAN M9D1 & ! COMPLEX /UDY :I* ITS BURI$ SPR+S & ITS DEVI\S WAYS & ME?ODS PRES5T CON/ITUTES ! PROV9CE ( ! PHILOSOPH]4 ,IT IS ! SCRUT9Y ( ! MOTIVES :I* KEEP ! C\NTLESS CONTROV]SIES MOV+3 ! LANGUAGE ( PURPOSES--J\RNALISM--:I* MAKES PHILOSOPHY ! MO/ FASC9AT+ AS WELL AS ! MO/ IMPORTANT ( HUMAN 9T]E/S1 GIV5 A TA/E & ZEAL = IT4 ,YET ?IS 9T]E/ HAS LITTLE TO %[ = ITSELF4 ,P]HAPS BECAUSE !RE IS LITTLE DEM& = ITS PRODUCTS4 ,IT IS NOT POPUL>3 !RE IS TOO MU* J\RNALISM & TOO MANY 9T]E/S TO BE DISPLEAS$ TO MAKE ! DIGG+-\T ( ANY SAVE ! MORE GRACEFUL HALF ( HUMAN MOTIVES WELCOME4 ,! O!R HALF--:5 !Y APPE>-->E RECEIV$ NOT AS ,PHILOSOPHY BUT AS ,DIABOLISM3 ?+S :I* %\LD NEV] HAVE F\ND UTT]ANCE4 ,& ITS UNPOPUL>ITY AP>T1 HUMAN MOTIVES MAKE DI/RACT+ MAT]IAL TO WORK 91 & MO/ W\LD-BE PHILOSOPH]S--W\LD-BE G5U9E ONES ?AT IS--FALL VICTIMS TO !IR [N MAT]IAL4 ,SETT+ \T TO /UDY 0CONTROV]SIALI/S0 !Y >E CAPTUR$ BY ?IS & ?AT P>TICUL> CONTROV]SY4 ,! MA9 /REAM ( !IR 9T]E/S IS SWALL[$ UP 9 !IR LOCALIZ$ W>F>E & LITTLE IS LEFT = ! /UDY ( ,MAN1 ! CONTROV]SIAL ANIMAL4 ,! EXPLOR] F9DS IT MORE PR(ITABLE & EV5 MORE 5T]TA9+ TO TAKE UP COMPANY-PROMOT+ ?AN TO CONT9UE SE>*+ = TREASURE4 ,IT IS MORE PR(ITABLE1 & ! WORLD IS SO MADE ?AT M5 MU/ PUT !MSELVES 9 T\* ) PR(ITS SOME:]E3 & S9CE EXPLOR]S BY NATURE >E FEW & RETURNS UPON EXPLORATION >E ALMO/ NIL1 IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT !SE 0HUMAN0 RESE>*]S ALL TURN PROPAG&I/S3 BECOME J\RNALI/S3 TRIM SPEE* TO A SET PURPOSE3 & BEAT ! BIG DRUM4 ,= ( ! TWO PURPOSES ( SPEE*--SPEE* ! 9/RUM5T ( ,REVELATION & ! 9/RUM5T ( ,S$UCTION-- J\RNALISM 9 ITS MA9 9T5TION KN[S ONLY ONE4 ,J\RNALISM IS ALWAYS P]SUASIVE & S$UCTIVE4 ,?\< SUP]FICIALLY IT MAY SEEM AT TIMES TO SET ITSELF TO 0REVEAL0 :5 IT GIVES 0,NEWS03 IT WILL 9V>IABLY BE F\ND ?AT ! 0,NEWS0 HAS BE5 GIV5 ?AT 0TURN0 :I* BE/ ACCOMMODATES IT ) ! J\RNAL'S MA9 9T]E/S4 ,SU* 0,NEWS0 AS IS TOO DIFFICULT TO BE SO TURN$ PROMPTLY CEASES TO BE 0,NEWS0--& CEASES TO NE$ *RONICL+4 ,J\RNALISM IS 9DE$ ! SKILL$ >T ( MANIPULAT+ EMPHASIS4 ,! J\RNALI/ IS \T TO SECURE ! ADHESION ( ! PEOPLE1 & S9CE ! PEOPLE ACCEPT ?AT :I* IS EMPHATICALLY ASS]T$ & LOVE ! ,/RONG ,ASS]TION & NO LESS ! MAK] ( IT1 REGULATION ( EMPHASIS BECOMES HIS MA9 BUS9ESS1 & HE LE>NS H[ TO LET IT FALL JU/ :]E IT SUITS BE/ ! 9T]E/ ( ?OSE :O EMPLOY HIM4 ,IF HE CAN MAKE HIMSELF CONSPICU\S AS A WIELD] ( SUFFICI5TLY /RONG EMPHASIS HE SO W9S ! PEOPLE'S GOOD WILL NOT ONLY = ! 9T]E/ HE FUR!RS BUT ALSO = HIMSELF4 ,POPUL>ITY AS WELL AS PR(IT & ! EXCITEM5T :I* COMES ( CONFLICT IS ON ! SIDE ( J\RNALISM3 IT IS NOT /RANGE ?AT ! J\RNALI/ IS NO:]E TO SEEK 9 ANY BRAN* ( 0LIT]ATURE40 

,V]Y OBVI\SLY CLE> IS IT !RE=E ?AT IT IS NOT ?AT J\RNALI/S CONSID] LIT]ATURE 0HI<]0 & 0BETT]0 ?AN J\RNALISM ?AT !Y SLUR ! DIVID+ L9E BETWE5 ! TWO4 ,!Y DO NOT ANY MORE ?AN ! MILLIONAIRE :O HAS MADE A =TUNE \T ( SOME SCI5TIFIC 9V5TION ?9KS ?AT ! SCI5TI/ PUTT]+ AB\T AT A B5* ) TE/-TUBES IS ANY?+ MORE ?AN A SIMPLE & PROBABLY RA!R SILLY FELL[4 ,9 FACT ! MAJORITY W\LD AGREE ?AT MO/ ( LIT]ATURE IS B>ELY REPUTABLE & MU* ( IT HE9\S4 ,ONCE ?OR\<LY A J\RNALI/ ALWAYS A J\RNALI/3 EV5 :5 SU* A ONE BELIEVES HIMSELF TO BE WRIT+ LIT]ATURE4 ,= EVID5CE ( :I* WE ONLY NE$ OBS]VE ! 0PROPAG&I/0 DRAMA3 ! 0PROPAG&I/0 NOVEL3 ! PROPAG&I/ 0PHILOSOPHY2 & ! 0REPORT]I/0 POETRY4 0,PROPAG&I/0 9 T]MS ( CRAFTSMAN%IP IS JU/ 0J\RNALI/IC40 ,! ,P>SON IS CL9*+ ! 0MORAL0 ( HIS S]MON 9 ! ,PHILOSOPHY1 & ! 0,SOCIAL ,RE=M]0 IS DABB+ ! ORNAM5TATION ON HIS SPEE*ES 9 ! ,DRAMA & :AT NOT3 TRACTS !Y >E1 ALL ( !M4 ,:Y !N ?IS GR[+ OBLIT]ATION8 ,IT IS SIMPLY A TRICK ( ! TRADE3 A 0CONFID5CE0 TRICK4 ,IT IS A F> FROM EASY TASK TO BEG SUPPORT FROM PEOPLE = ONE'S [N B5EFIT3 IT PUTS ONE AT A DISADVANTAGE4 ,IT DEPRIVES ! PEOPLE1 MOREOV]1 ( ! COM=T+ FLATT]Y ?AT ONE'S /RIV+ IS SOLELY 9 !IR 9T]E/S2 IT QUICK5S !IR SUSPICIONS & AWAK5S !IR 9TELLIG5CE4 ,H5CE ! ATTEMPT TO ID5TIFY J\RNALISM ) LIT]ATURE :I* 5ABLES J\RNALI/S TO ASSUME ! G>B ( DISSEM9ATORS ( AN 0,IMP>TIAL ,TRU?40 ,= LITTLE AS !RE IS ( IT1 PEOPLE HAVE S5S$ :AT IS ! ROLE ( LIT]ATURE & HAVE ID5TIFI$ IT 9 ITS CLE>E/ & MO/ CONC5TRAT$ =M ) PHILOSOPHY & >E READY TO ACCEPT ITS V]DICTS = 0,TRU?40 ,?AT !RE IS A PHILOSOPHY :I* IS NOT PHILOSOPHY3 A BODY ( OBS]VATIONS SET UP TO PASS = 0,TRU?0 :I* >E NOT OBS]VATIONS ( HUMAN MOTIVES AT FIR/H& BUT RA!R OBSCUR$ EXPLOITATIONS ( MOTIVES 9 ! S]VICE ( SOME 9T]E/--( ! ,*UR*1 ! ,/ATE1 ( ,ACADEMIC ,TRADITION & ! LIKE1 HAS GONE F> TO R5D] 0,TRU?0 AN OBFUSCAT$1 9DEF9ABLE1 & !RE=E USELESS T]M2 )\T BE+ ABLE1 H[EV]1 :OLLY TO EFFACE A VAGUE S5SE ( ?AT = :I* IT /&S4 ,! 9/9CT P]SI/S ?AT !RE MU/ EXI/ A G5U9E PHILOSOPHY3 \TCOME ( A %E] CURIOSITY 9 ! MOTIVES ( ,MAN3 :I* IS KE5 & AL]T TO DI/+UI% ?OSE WAYS & WORDS :I* >E 9VOLUNT>Y EXPRESSIONS ( HIMSELF & ?OSE :I* >E BUT %IELDS TO COV] & DEF5D HIMSELF1 & :I* IS LIKEWISE UNRELAT$ TO ANY DESIRE TO TRIP HIM UP & SEIZE AN ADVANTAGE4 ,IT IS ! FRUIT ( SU* CURIOSITY :I* R\<LY IS ACCEPT$ AS 0,TRU?0 & ! =M :I* PRES]VES IT IS LIT]ATURE--GOOD OR FEEBLE LIT]ATURE ACCORD+ TO ! /R5G? ( ! CURIOSITY :I* 9SPIRES IT1 ! 9DU/RY & TIME DEVOT$ TO IT1 & ! CEASELESSNESS ( ! PRUN+ ( ITS =M TO CLO! IT 9 TRANSP>5CY4 ,AS IT SEEMS3 :AT ! SPECIFIC =M :I* A PHILOSOPH] GIVES HIS CONTRIBUTION IS1 DEP5DS UPON ! AM\NT ( PASSION !RE IS 9 HIS CURIOSITY4 ,IF HE C>ES SUFFICI5TLY1 HE WILL GIVE ! MO/ TRANSP>5T & ECONOMIZ$ & ACCORD+LY ! MO/ P]MAN5T =M TO IT3 ?AT ( ,POETRY4 ,IF HE IS SURE 5\< ( ! *>ACT] ( ! 0RAW MAT]IAL0 HE HAS ANALYZ$ \T1 HE WILL RISK ?R[+ IT BACK 9TO A SYN!SIS & RE-CREAT+ MAN3 AS 9 ,DRAMA4 ,IF HE IS TOO OCCUPI$1 OR TOO C>ELESS1 OR HAS SO MU* MAT]IAL ON HIS H&S ?AT HE PREF]S TO PUT IT ALL \T AT ! EXP5SE ( LEAV+ IT 09 ! R\<0 IT WILL REMA9 AS ,PHILOSOPHIC ,PROSE4 ,BUT :ATEV] =M LIT]ATURE F9ALLY TAKES IT IS 9 ITS SUB/ANCE1 ,PHILOSOPHY3 CURIOSITY AB\T HUMAN NATURE3 A LAY+ B>E ( ! SPR+S ( ! HUMAN M9D4 ,:I* EXPLA9S :Y ANY GREAT ANXIETY AB\T ,=MS--P>TICUL>LY 9 Y\NG WRIT]S--ALWAYS SEEMS TO BE> ) IT ITS SUSPICIONS4 ,=M--EV5 9 ITS P]FECTION--IS NOT SOME?+ EXTRANE\S TO ITS SUB/ANCE4 ,IT GR[S UP )1 SPR+S \T ( & IS ! 9DEX ( ! SUB/ANCE'S [N QUALITY4 ,GIV5 ! ONE 9 SUFFICI5T DEGREE & ! O!R FOLL[S 9EVITABLY4 ,! LAZIE/ FELL[ WILL EX]T HIMSELF :5 HE KN[S ( A C]TA9TY ?AT HE IS WORK+ TO UNE>? A HIDD5 TREASURE1 & A MAN ) SOME?+ VITAL TO SAY WILL TAKE ! NECESS>Y PA9S AB\T ! SAY+ ( IT4 

,IT IS !RE=E BECAUSE ! BONA FIDES ( LIT]ATURE >E MORE ACCEPTABLE & NOT BECAUSE LIT]ATURE'S MISSION IS HELD TO BE 0BETT]0 OR ITS QUALITY 0HI<]10 ?AT J\RNALISM HAS S\<T TO ID5TIFY ITSELF ) IT4 ,& IT IS ! SAME CAUSE :I* EXPLA9S ! UNSPOK5 CONV5TION :I* ALL CONTROV]SIALI/S >E AT ONE 9 OBS]V+1 ?AT ! ONE FACTOR 9 CONTROV]SY :I* GIVES IT *>ACT] & MEAN+--! P]SONAL BIAS ( ! CONTROV]SIALI/S--%ALL BE IGNOR$4 ,= TO HAVE IT ACKN[L$G$ W\LD DEPRIVE BO? SIDES ( ! ROLE ( ! 9DIGNANTLY RI<TE\S & DE/ROY ! ASSUMPTION ?AT J\RNALISM NOM9ALLY IS 0DIS9T]E/$40 ,:5CE ! %RIEK ( EA* AGA9/ ITS RIVAL ( 0,9T]E/$10 0,V5AL10 C>RY+ ! 9F]5CE --TRUE 5\<1 AS F> AS IT GOES1 S9CE EA* SIDE /&S = 0,9FECTION0 ( 0,LEP]0 & 0,PLAGUE-SPOT0 W\LD BE ROBB$ ( ITS RELEVANCE & EMPHASIS4 ,TO ACKN[L$GE ?AT ALL SIDES >E 09T]E/$03 ?AT J\RNALISM IS NO?+ BUT ! LANGUAGE ( 09T]E/S10 W\LD BE TO DEFLATE ! J\RNALI/IC BALLOON & DEFEAT ! PURPOSE = :I* IT WAS CREAT$3 ! P]SUAD+ ( ! PUBLIC ?AT ONLY 9 A SPIRIT ( IMMACULATE DIS9T]E/$NESS & 9 ! SOLE 9T]E/S ( ! 0,PUBLIC ,GOOD0 IS SO MU* WORDY S]VICE SET 9 MOTION4 ,& NOT ONLY AS A /ALK+ HORSE DOES LIT]ATURE L5D ITS USES TO J\RNALISM4 ,AS F> AS HE IS ACQUA9T$ ) IT ! J\RNALI/ DRAWS UPON ! FUND$ KN[L$GE 0( HUMAN NATURE :I* LIT]ATURE PROVIDES & USES IT AS F> AS IT SUITS ! IMM$IATE 9T]E/ ( HIS PROPAG&A4 ,ALL HIS KN[L$GE ( ALL ! WORLD HE DRAWS 9 TO FUR!R HIS 5D4 ,SOME ONE 9 ,! ,EGOI/ ! O!R DAY MADE ! REM>K ?AT ! GREAT /RUGGLE3 ! UN9T]MITT5T W>F>E EV] GO+ ON WAS ?AT :I* ! ,9DIVIDUAL WAGES AGA9/ ! ,MANY3 ! ,ONE AGA9/ ! ,:OLE4 ,! SKILLFUL J\RNALI/ C\LD BO? TEA* & DEMON/RATE H[ ! ,MANY PROVIDES ! =AG+-GR\ND = ! ,ONE4 ,AS ! G>D5 TO ! ,BEE1 ! ,MANY IS TO ! ,ONE3 HIS *IEFE/ S\RCE ( SU/5ANCE1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT HE IS ABLE TO SUCK \T NUTRIM5T RA!R ?AN POISON4 ,:I* ABILITY 9 ! ,ONE DEP5DS UPON HIS KN[L$GE4 ,LACK+ KN[L$GE & =AG+ F> HE IS LIKELY TO F9D ! ,MANY DANG]\S3 :I* IS PRECISELY :AT HAPP5S TO J\RNALI/S--& !IR PROPRIETORS--:O HAV+ CUT (F ! SPR+S ( A LIT]ATURE AT L5G? F9D !MSELVES 9 URG5T NE$ ( ONE4 

,( ! =EGO+1 A NO MEAN WRIT] ( LIT]ATURE1 & A J\RNALI/ AS ABLE AS ! DISADVANTAGE ( BE+ A WRIT] ( LIT]ATURE P]MITS ONE TO BE--,MR4 ,G4 ,K4 ,*E/]TON1 %ALL PROVIDE ! P]FECT ILLU/RATION4 ,MR4 ,*E/]TON REC5TLY1 9 A J\RNAL $IT$ BY HIS BRO!R1 WROTE AN >TICLE 9 DEF5SE ( HIS FRI5D1 ATTACK+ A NEWSPAP] :I* WAS RUNN+ A RIVAL PROPAG&A & :I*1 TO BOOT1 HAD ATTACK$ HIS FRI5D1 &--TO BOOT YET AGA9--:OSE [N] WAS BE+ ATTACK$ BY ! SAID BRO!R 9 A S5SATIONAL CAMPAIGN CALCULAT$ TO A*IEVE 9T] ALIA = ! SAID J\RNAL ( ! SAID BRO!R A V]Y WELL-M]IT$ 0BUS9ESS0 ADV]TISEM5T4 ,:I* SEEMS QUITE A NICE COLLECTION ( 09T]E/$0 ITEMS TO 9SPIRE ANY >TICLE4 ,IF WE GIVE ! NAMES3 ,MR4 ,CECIL ,*E/]TON ! BRO!R1 ,MR4 ,BELLOC ! FRI5D1 ,LORD ,NOR?CLIFFE ! NEWS V5DOR2 & ! ITEMS3 ! ,DAILY ,MAIL ! (F5D]1 ! ,NEW ,WITNESS = ! DEF5SE & RETURN ONSLAU<T1 ,MR4 ,BELLOC'S W>-LECTURES1 ,G4 ,K4'S [N S\ND LIT]>Y REPUTATION1 ! 0,GOOD--& ,GONE--OLD ,TIMES10 ! 0,S]VILE ,/ATE0 & ! 0,NEW ,BAD ,ONES10 WE >E 9 POSSESSION ( ! 0>GUM5T0 & ( ! ,DRAMATIS ,P]SONSE4 ,LET ,MR4 ,G4 ,K4 ,*E/]TON1 J\RNALI/1 AFT] A PRELUDE CONC]N+ BUTT]CUPS1 DAISIES1 ,DICK5S1 ,PANTOMIME1 & ! ,ULTIMATE ,GOOD1 SPEAK3 HIS SUBJECT3 0,TRU? & ! ,TRANS=MATION ,SC5E40 0,BE=E ! ,H>LEQU9ADE1 !RE CAME A ?+ CALL$ A ,TRANS=MATION ,SC5E1 9 :I* ! SC5ES GREW ?9 & O!R SC5ES %ONE ?R\< !M1 SO ?AT ONE HAD ! DELI<TFUL S5SATION ( BE+ 9 TWO PLACES AT ONCE4 4 4 4 ,9 FRONT LET US SAY !RE W\LD BE ! 9T]IOR ( ! WID['S COTTAGE ) A ,DUT* CLOCK1 A ?REE-LEGG$ /OOL1 A MANGLE1 A B$/EAD1 A TABLE OR A :AT NOT4 ,& Y\ W\LD BECOME GRADUALLY AW>E ?AT ! SC5E WAS ALSO ! ,DEMON'S ,CAVE1 ) A ,DEMON C>\S+ ) ! ,NI<TM>E ,QUE5 & GLITT]+ COHORTS ( GOBL9S4 ,! ,DUT* CLOCK WAS /ILL !RE & YET IT WAS LESS SOLID ?AN ! ,DEMON ,K+4 ,! MANGLE WAS /ILL !RE & YET IT WAS MORE ?9 & SPECTRAL ?AN ! ,NI<TM>E4 ,ALL ! FACTS GREW FA9T AS FABLES & ! FABLES BECAME FACTS4 ,MOREOV] IT WAS A GREAT P>T ( ! UNREASON & ! V]TIGO ( ! VISION ?AT ! TWO COMPLETE NO:]E CORRESPOND$ TO EA* O!R EV5 BY ACCID5T4 4 4 4 ,N[ IT IS ?IS S5SE ( ! TWO SC5ES UTT]LY DI/9CT & YET SIMULTANE\S :I* ,I HAVE :5 ,I LOOK AT ! MOD]N PRESS & MOD]N POLITICS3 & SEE ! REALITIES :I* >E ! BACKGR\ND ( MOD]N LIFE GRADUALLY GL[+ & GR[+ ?R\< ! ?9 %EETS ( \R MOD]N NEWSPAP]S4 ,!RE IS ! SAME UTT] SEP>AT5ESS & DISLOCATION BETWE5 ! TWO DESIGNS40 ,) AN AIR ( 9EFFABLE IMP>TIALITY ! WRIT] PROCE$S1 0,IT HAS NO?+ TO DO ) :I* WORLD IS ! BETT]1 IT IS SOLELY A MATT] ( :I* IS BECOM+ ! MORE REAL4 ,Y\ MAY LIKE WID[S OR Y\ MAY PREF] DEMONS4 4 4 4 ,! ,5GL& ( TO-DAY IS /ILL DIVID$ 9TO ?OSE :O >E /ILL LOOK+ AT ,SC5E ,ONE1 & ?OSE :O >E ALREADY LOOK+ AT ,SC5E ,TWO4 ,OR RA!R !Y CAN BO? SEE BO?1 BUT !Y CANNOT BELIEVE BO?4 ,! FRONT /ILL %[S ! ,BRITI% ,CON/ITUTION 4 4 4 BUT BEH9D IS ! GOBL9'S KIT*5 & ! ,S]VILE ,/ATE4 ,AMONG ?OSE :O SEE IT !RE IS ALL K9DS ( COMM5T3 BUT !Y SEE IT4 ,! ,NEW ,AGE SEES IT1 & ! ,NEW ,WITNESS1 & 9 ITS WAY EV5 ! ,NEW ,/ATESMAN4 ,BUT ! ,SPECTATOR DOES NOT1 & ! ,P9K',UN DOES NOT1 & ! ,TIMES DOES NOT1 OR PRET5DS ?AT IT DOES NOT40 

,9 ! PASSAGE QUOT$1 IT IS ! REM>K 0,IT HAS NO?+ TO DO ) :I* WORLD IS ! BETT]3 IT IS SOLELY A MATT] ( :I* IS BECOM+ ! MORE REAL4 ,Y\ MAY LIKE WID[S OR Y\ MAY PREF] DEMONS10 :I* ILLUM9ATES ! ME?OD ( J\RNALISM4 ,LESS ( ! H]OIC 9DIGNATION :I* SO BECOMES A J\RNALI/1 & A LITTLE MORE ( ! 9T]E/ & AMUSEM5T 9 HIMSELF :I* ,MR4 ,*E/]TON %[S ELSE:]E1 W\LD HAVE MADE IT OBVI\S TO HIM ?AT EV]Y?+ AS F> AS ! MEAN+ ( HIS >TICLE AT LEA/ WAS CONC]N$1 DEP5D$ UPON 0:I* Y\ PREF]R$02 & HE HIMSELF ACKN[L$GES AS MU* :51 HAV+ TO RECOV] HIS POSITION1 HE PO9TS \T A LITTLE L[] D[N ! PAGE ?AT ?\< WE 0SEE BO?0 WE CANNOT 0BELIEVE BO?40 ,AT ! \TSET 9 FRAM+ ! >TICLE1 ! SOLE REASON :I* CAUS$ HIM TO FIX UPON ! SIMILE ( ! 0,TRANS=MATION ,SC5E0--A MO/ +5I\S ONE--WAS TO ASSI/ HIM TO DIVIDE ! WORLD 9TO TWO P>TS3 ! ,GOBL9S HE PREF]R$--ALL HIS [N FRI5DS2 & ! ,WID[S HE C\LDN'T ABIDE3 ?OSE :OM HE & HIS FRI5DS W]E 9CL9$ TO DISLIKE4 ,HIS PREJUDICES FAVORABLE OR UNFAVORABLE FROM ! >*ITECTURE ( HIS WORLD3 HIS SOLE CONCEPTION ( :AT IS 0REAL40 ,HE SAYS1 0,SOME ( US1 HE 7,MR4 ,BELLOC7 BE+ ONE1 >E 9T]E/$ 9 ?+S AS !Y REALLY >E40 ,REALLY >E6 ,HE MEANS 0?+S AS HE W\LD LIKE !M40 ,HIS ,ONCOM+ ,SC5E--HIS REAL WORLD1 ! 0TRUE0 WORLD1 ! WORLD ( FI<T & RI<T >E--ALL HIS P]SONAL FRI5DS1 ?OSE ( ! ,NEW ,WITNESS1 ! ,NEW ,AGE1 ! ,NEW ,/ATESMAN EV53 0EV50 BECAUSE ?IS MA9TA9S ! S9N+ FAI? :I* SEEKS TO 9AUGURATE ?AT ,S]VILE ,/ATE :I* VEXES HIM SO1 BUT :I* MU/ 0EV50 BE 9CLUD$ BECAUSE IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO EXCLUDE ,FRI5D ,%AW4 ,?OSE :OM HE LOVES NOT HE LEAVES )\T EV5 A WORLD TO LIVE 94 0,I C\LD NOT DEBATE ) ! ,MAIL WRIT] BECAUSE ,I DO NOT BELIEVE 9 ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( ! WORLD 9 :I* HE LIVES40 0,NOT BELIEVE 90 "7 HAVE NO LIK+ =4 0,C\LD NOT DEBATE0 "7 W\LD NOT DEBATE4 ,NO ONE SUPPOSES ?AT HE C\LD NOT--IF HE TRI$--) K9DNESS & A MO!RLY PATI5CE1 TO EXPLA9 TO ! HAPLESS SCRIBBL] :O IS LEFT ) NO WORLD TO LIVE 9 :Y ! WORLD AS IT 0IS0 = ,MR4 ,BELLOC 0IS10 :ILE ! WORLD AS IT IS = ,LORD ,NOR?CLIFFE JU/--0IS'NT0 6 ,BUT ,MR4 ,*E/]TON IS V]Y ANNOY$ 9DE$1 & HE WON'T4 ,= ! TIME BE+1 HE IS SO B5T ON *AMPION+ 0! RESPONSIBLE HUMAN BE+ :O IS WORK+ = ! ',TRU?'0 ?AT HE PREF]S TO LOSE ALL HIS COMMUNITY ( 9TELLIG5CE ) ! SAME SORT ( BE+ 0:O IS WORK+ = ! ,TRU/40 ,HE W\LD NOT EV5 CONSID] ?AT P]HAPS BO? AFT] !IR [N FA%ION >E WORK+ = !MSELVES4 ,TO ! F9I%1 HE /ICKS TO ! DISP>ATE WORLDS ( HIS ,TRANS=MATION ,SC5E1 ?\< IT IS MAYBE A SIGN ( A RETURN+ BREAD? ( HUMAN 9T]E/ ?AT CAUSES HIM TO GET HIS METAPHORS MIX$4 0,! SKELETON BEG9S TO %9E ?R\< ! CUPBO>D1 & :AT WAS ! H\SE ( M5 OP5S 9W>D 9TO ! H\SE ( DEVILS40 ,WELL6 WELL6 IT DOES MAKE ONE ?9K AB\T ! DESIRABILITY ( ! %OEMAK] /ICK+ TO HIS LA/4 ,MR4 ,*E/]TON HAS NEI!R ! CUNN+ NOR ! MALICI\SNESS3 NOT P]HAPS ! 0H>DNESS0 :I* IS REQUIR$ TO WORK ?AT SORT ( ?+ 9TO ! =M 9 :I* IT W\LD BE REALLY EFFECTIVE = HIS [N OR REALLY DAMAG+ TO ! OPPOS+ SIDE4 ,MR4 ,BELLOC C\LD MANIPULATE IT F> BETT]4 ,HE M]ELY DES]TS ! S]VICE ( 0,TRU?0 TO L5D ITS PRE/IGE TO DUBI\S USES :I* L[] IT AS 9EVITABLY AS ! PRE/IGE ( SCI5CE W\LD BE L[]$ BY A SCI5TI/ ( REPUTE :O L5T HIS PRE/IGE TO BOL/] UP ! =TUNES ( SOME DUBITABLE COMM]CIAL UND]TAK+4 

,:I* RUM9ATIONS >E SET =? AS A CAUTION3 = ! GUIDANCE MA9LY (--! 0,EGOI/40 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
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