,K>L ,KAUTSKY 
,FROM ,M>X TO ,HITL] 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 ,ANTI-,BOL%EVIK ,COMMUNISM4 ,PAUL ,MATTICK1 PUBLI%$ BY ,M]L9 ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#h2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,&Y ,BLUND51 = M>XI/S4ORG #b#c2 
,PRO($3 & CORRECT$ BY ,GE(F ,TRAU<1 ,JULY #b#e4 

,9 ! FALL ( #a#i#c#h1 ,K>L ,KAUTSKY DI$ 9 ,AM/]DAM AT ! AGE 
( #hd YE>S4 ,HE WAS CONSID]$ ! MO/ IMPORTANT !ORETICIAN ( ! ,M>XI/ 
LABOR MOVEM5T AFT] ! DEA? ( ITS F\ND]S1 & IT MAY WELL BE SAID ?AT 
HE WAS ITS MO/ REPRES5TATIVE MEMB]4 ,9 HIM W]E V]Y CLE>LY 9CORPORAT$ 
BO? ! REVOLUTION>Y & ! REACTION>Y ASPECTS ( ?AT MOVEM5T4 ,BUT 
:]EAS ,FRI$RI* ,5GELS C\LD SAY AT ,M>X'S GRAVE ?AT HIS FRI5D 
0WAS FIR/ ( ALL A REVOLUTIONI/10 IT W\LD BE DIFFICULT TO SAY 
! SAME AT ! GRAVE ( HIS BE/-KN[N PUPIL4 0,AS A !ORETICIAN & 
POLITICIAN1 HE WILL ALWAYS REMA9 AN OBJECT ( CRITICISM10 WROTE 
,FRI$RI* ,ADL] 9 MEMORY ( ,KAUTSKY1 0BUT HIS *>ACT] LIES OP51 HIS 
:OLE LIFE HE REMA9$ TRUE TO ! HI<E/ MAJE/Y1 HIS [N 
CONSCI5CE40.<#a.> 

,KAUTSKY'S CONSCI5CE WAS =M$ DUR+ ! RISE ( ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL 
,DEMOCRACY4 ,HE WAS BORN 9 ,AU/RIA1 ! SON ( A /AGE PA9T] ( ! ,IMP]IAL 
,!AT] 9 ,VI5NA4 ,AS E>LY AS #a#h#g#e1 ?\< NOT AS YET A ,M>XI/1 HE 
CONTRIBUT$ TO ,G]MAN & ,AU/RIAN LABOR PAP]S4 ,HE BECAME A MEMB] ( ! 
,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY 9 #a#h#h1 & 0ONLY N[10 HE SAID ( 
HIMSELF1 0BEGAN MY DEVELOPM5T T[>DS A CONSI/5T ME?ODICAL 
,M>XISM40.<#b.> ,HE WAS 9SPIR$1 LIKE SO 
MANY O!RS1 BY ,5GELS' ,ANTI-,DUHR+ & WAS HELP$ 9 HIS 
ORI5TATION BY ,$U>D ,B]N/E91 :O WAS !N ! SECRET>Y TO ! 
'MILLIONAIRE' SOCIALI/ ,HOE*B]G4 ,HIS FIR/ WORKS W]E PUBLI%$ 
) ,HOE*B]G'S HELP & HE F\ND RECOGNITION 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T 
?R\< HIS $ITOR%IP ( A NUMB] ( SOCIALI/ PUBLICATIONS4 ,9 #ahhc HE 
F\ND$ ! MAGAZ9E ,NEUE ,ZEIT1 :I* UND] HIS DIRECTION BECAME ! 
MO/ IMPORTANT !ORETICAL ORGAN ( ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 

,KAUTSKY'S LIT]>Y & SCI5TIFIC WORK IS IMPRESSIVE NOT ONLY BECAUSE 
( ! SCOPE ( HIS 9T]E/S BUT ALSO BECAUSE ( ITS VOLUME4 ,EV5 A SELECT$ 
BIBLIOGRAPHY ( HIS WRIT+S W\LD FILL MANY PAGES1 ,9 ?IS WORK COMES TO LI<T 
ALL ?AT SEEM$ & ALL ?AT WAS ( IMPORTANCE TO ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T DUR+ 
! LA/ #f YE>S4 ,IT REVEALS ,KAUTSKY WAS FIR/ ( ALL A TEA*]1 & ?AT1 
BECAUSE HE LOOK$ UPON SOCIETY FROM A S*OOLMA/]'S P]SPECTIVE1 HE WAS 
WELL SUIT$ TO HIS ROLE AS ! LEAD+ SPIRIT ( A MOVEM5T :I* AIM$ AT 
$UCAT+ WORK]S & CAPITALI/S ALIKE4 ,BECAUSE HE WAS AN $UCATOR CONC]N$ 
) ! '!ORETICAL SIDE' ( ,M>XISM1 HE C\LD APPE> MORE 
REVOLUTION>Y ?AT WAS CONSI/5T ) ! MOVEM5T HE S]V$4 ,HE APPE>$ AN 
'OR?ODOX' ,M>XI/ :O TRI$ TO SAFEGU>D ! ,M>XIAN 9H]ITANCE 
AS A TREASUR] :O DESIRES TO PRES]VE ! FUNDS ( HIS ORGANIZATION4 ,H[EV]1 
:AT WAS 'REVOLUTION>Y' 9 ,KAUTSKY'S TEA*+ APPE>$ 
REVOLUTION>Y ONLY 9 CONTRA/ TO ! G5]AL PRE-W> CAPITALI/ IDEOLOGY4 ,9 
CONTRA/ TO ! REVOLUTION>Y !ORIES E/ABLI%$ BY ,M>X & ,5GELS1 IT WAS A 
REV]SION TO MORE PRIMITIVE =MS ( ?9K+ & TO A LESS] APP]CEPTION ( 
! IMPLICATIONS ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY4 ,?US1 ?\< HE GU>D$ ! 
TREASURE-*E/ ( ,M>XISM1 HE HAD NOT BEHELD ALL IT CONTA9$4 

,9 #a#h#f#b1 9 A LETT] TO ,KUGELMANN1 ,M>X EXPRESS$ ! HOPE ?AT HIS 
NON-POPUL> WORKS ATTEMPT+ TO REVOLUTIONIZE ECONOMIC SCI5CE W\LD 9 DUE 
TIME F9D ADEQUATE POPUL>IZATION1 A FEAT ?AT %\LD BE EASY AFT] ! 
SCI5TIFIC BASIS HAD BE5 LAID4 0,MY LIFE WORK BECAME CLE> TO ME 9 
#a#h#h#c10 WROTE ,KAUTSKY2 0IT WAS TO BE DESIGNAT$ TO ! 
PROPAG&IZ+ & POPUL>IZATION1 &1 AS F> AS ,I AM ABLE TO1 ! 
CONT9UATION ( ! SCI5TIFIC RESULTS ( ,M>X'S ?9K+ & 
RESE>*4.<#c.> ,H[EV]1 NOT EV5 HE1 
! GREATE/ POPUL>IZ] ( ,M>X1 HAS FULFILL$ ,M>X'S HOPE2 HIS 
SIMPLIFICATIONS TURN$ \T TO BE NEW MY/IFICATIONS UNABLE TO COMPREH5D ! 
TRUE *>ACT] ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,NEV]!LESS1 EV5 9 !IR WAT]$ =M1 
,M>X'S !ORIES REMA9$ SUP]IOR TO ALL ! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC 
B\RGEOIS !ORIES & ,KAUTSKY'S WRIT+S GAVE /R5G? & JOY TO 
HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( CLASS CONSCI\S WORK]S4 ,HE GAVE EXPRESSION TO !IR 
[N ?\<TS & 9 A LANGUAGE NE>] TO !M ?AN ?AT ( ! MORE 9DEP5D5T 
?9K] ,M>X4 ,?\< ! LATT] DEMON/RAT$ MORE ?AN ONCE HIS GREAT GIFT = 
COG5CY & CL>ITY1 HE WAS NOT S*OOLMA/] 5\< TO SACRIFICE TO PROPAG&A 
! 5JOYM5T ( HIS 9TELLECTUAL CAPRICE4 

,:5 WE SAID ?AT ,KAUTSKY REPRES5T$ ALSO :AT WAS 
'REACTION>Y' 9 ! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T1 WE >E US+ ?AT T]M 9 
A HI<LY SPECIFIC S5SE4 ,! REACTION>Y ELEM5TS 9 ,KAUTSKY & 9 ! OLD 
LABOR MOVEM5T W]E OBJECTIVELY CONDITION$1 & ONLY BY A LONG P]IOD ( 
EXPOSURE TO AN 9IMICAL REALITY WAS DEVELOP$ ?AT SUBJECTIVE READ9ESS TO TURN 
DEF5D]S ( ! CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,9 ,CAPITAL ,M>X PO9T$ \T ?AT 0A 
RISE 9 ! PRICE ( LABOR1 AS A CONSEQU5CE ( ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL1 ONLY 
MEANS1 9 FACT1 ?AT ! L5G? & WEI<T ( ! GOLD5 *A9 ! WAGE-WORK] 
HAS ALREADY =G$ = HIMSELF1 ALL[ ( A RELAXATION ( ! T5SION ( 
IT40.<#d.> ,! POSSIBILITY1 UND] 
CONDITIONS ( A PROGRESSIVE CAPITAL =MATION1 ( IMPROV+ LABOR CONDITIONS 
& ( RAIS+ ! PRICE ( LABOR TRANS=M$ ! WORK]S' /RUGGLE 9TO 
A =CE = CAPITALI/ EXPANSION4 ,LIKE CAPITALI/ COMPETITION1 ! 
WORK]S' /RUGGLE S]V$ AS AN 9C5TIVE = FUR!R CAPITAL 
ACCUMULATION2 IT ACC5TUAT$ CAPITALI/ 'PROGRESS'4 ,ALL GA9S ( 
! WORK]S W]E COMP5SAT$ = BY AN 9CREAS+ EXPLOITATION1 :I* 9 TURN 
P]MITT$ A /ILL MORE RAPID CAPITAL EXPANSION4 

,EV5 ! CLASS /RUGGLE ( ! WORK]S C\LD S]VE ! NE$S NOT ( ! 
9DIVIDUAL CAPITALI/S BUT ( CAPITAL4 ,! VICTORIES ( ! WORK]S TURN$ 
ALWAYS AGA9/ ! VICTORS4 ,! MORE ! WORK]S GA9$1 ! RI*] CAPITAL 
BECAME4 ,! GAP BETWE5 WAGES & PR(ITS BECAME WID] ) EA* 9CREASE ( 
! 'WORK]S' %>E'4 ,! APP>5TLY 9CREAS+ /R5G? ( 
LABOR WAS 9 REALITY ! CONT9U\S WEAK5+ ( ITS POSITION 9 RELATION TO 
?AT ( CAPITAL4 ,! 'SUCCESSES' ( ! WORK]S1 HAIL$ BY ,$U>D 
,B]N/E9 AS A NEW ]A ( CAPITALISM1 C\LD1 9 ?IS SPH]E ( SOCIAL ACTION1 
5D ONLY 9 ! EV5TUAL DEFEAT ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 AS SOON AS CAPITAL 
*ANG$ FROM EXPANSION TO /AGNATION4 ,9 ! DE/RUCTION ( ! OLD LABOR 
MOVEM5T1 ! SI<T ( :I* ,KAUTSKY WAS NOT SP>$1 BECAME MANIFE/ ! 
?\S&S ( DEFEATS SUFF]$ DUR+ ! UPSW+ P]IOD ( CAPITALISM1 & 
?\< !SE DEFEATS W]E CELEBRAT$ AS VICTORIES ( GRADUALISM1 !Y W]E 9 
REALITY ONLY ! GRADUALISM ( ! WORK]S' DEFEAT 9 A FIELD ( ACTION 
:]E ! ADVANTAGE IS ALWAYS ) ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,NEV]!LESS1 
,B]N/E9'S REVISIONISM1 BAS$ ON ! ACCEPTANCE ( APPE>ANCE = 
REALITY & SUGGE/$ BY B\RGEOIS EMPIRICISM1 ?\< AT FIR/ D5\NC$ BY 
,KAUTSKY1 PROVID$ ! BASIS = ! LATT]'S [N SUCCESS4 ,= )\T ! 
NON-REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE ( ! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T1 :OSE !ORIES W]E 
=M$ BY ,B]N/E91 ,KAUTSKY W\LD NOT HAVE F\ND A MOVEM5T & A MAT]IAL 
BASIS ON :I* TO RISE AS AN IMPORTANT ,M>XIAN !ORETICIAN4 

,?IS OBJECTIVE SITUATION1 :I*1 AS WE HAVE SE51 TRANS=M$ ! SUCCESSES 
( ! LABOR MOVEM5T 9TO JU/ SO MANY /EPS T[>D ITS DE/RUCTION1 CREAT$ 
A NON-REVOLUTION>Y IDEOLOGY :I* WAS MORE 9 H>MONY ) ! APP>5T 
REALITY1 & :I* WAS LAT] D5\NC$ AS SOCIAL-RE=MISM1 OPPORTUNISM1 
SOCIAL-*AUV9ISM1 & \TRI<T BETRAYAL4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS 'BETRAYAL' 
DID NOT V]Y MU* BO!R ?OSE :O W]E BETRAY$4 ,9/EAD1 ! MAJORITY ( ! 
ORGANIZ$ WORK]S APPROV$ ( ! *ANGE ( ATTITUDE 9 ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T1 
S9CE IT CON=M$ TO !IR [N ASPIRATIONS DEVELOP$ 9 AN ASC5D+ 
CAPITALISM4 ,! MASSES W]E AS LITTLE REVOLUTION>Y AS !IR LEAD]S1 & BO? 
W]E SATISFI$ ) !IR P>TICIPATION 9 CAPITALI/ PROGRESS4 ,NOT 
ONLY W]E !Y ORGANIZ+ = A GREAT] %>E ( ! SOCIAL PRODUCT1 BUT ALSO 
= A GREAT] VOICE 9 ! POLITICAL SPH]E4 ,!Y LE>N$ TO ?9K 9 T]MS ( 
B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY2 !Y BEGAN TO SPEAK ( !MSELVES AS CONSUM]S2 !Y 
WANT$ TO TAKE P>T 9 ALL ?AT WAS GOOD ( CULTURE & CIVILIZATION4 ,FRANZ 
,MEHR+'S ,HI/ORY ( ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY TYPICALLY 
5DS 9 A *APT] ON ',>T & ! ,PROLET>IAT'4 ,SCI5CE = ! 
WORK]S1 LIT]ATURE = ! WORK]S1 S*OOLS = ! WORK]S1 P>TICIPATION 9 
ALL ! 9/ITUTIONS ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY -- ?IS & NO?+ MORE WAS 
! REAL DESIRE ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,9/EAD ( DEM&+ ! 5D ( CAPITALI/IC 
SCI5CE1 IT ASK$ = LABOR SCI5TI/S2 9/EAD ( ABOLI%+ CAPITALI/IC 
LAW1 IT TRA9$ LABOR LAWY]S2 9 ! 9CREAS+ NUMB] ( LABOR HI/ORIANS1 
POETS1 ECONOMI/S1 J\RNALI/S1 DOCTORS & D5TI/S1 AS WELL AS 
P>LIAM5T>IANS & TRADE-UNION BUREAUCRATS1 IT SAW ! SOCIALIZATION ( 
SOCIETY1 :I* !RE) BECAME 9CREAS+LY ITS [N SOCIETY4 ,?AT :I* ONE 
CAN 9CREAS+LY %>E 9 ONE WILL SOON F9D DEF5DABLE4 ,CONSCI\SLY & 
UNCONSCI\SLY ! OLD LABOR MOVEM5T SAW 9 ! CAPITALI/ EXPANSION PROCESS 
ITS [N ROAD TO GREAT] WELF>E & RECOGNITION4 ,! MORE CAPITAL FL\RI%$1 
! BETT] W]E ! WORK+ CONDITIONS4 ,SATISFI$ ) ACTION )9 ! 
FRAMEWORK ( CAPITALISM1 ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS BECAME CONC]N$ ) 
CAPITALISM'S PR(ITABILITY4 ,! COMPETITIVE NATIONAL CAPITALI/IC 
RIVALRIES W]E ONLY V]BALLY OPPOS$4 ,AL?\< ! MOVEM5T WAS AT FIR/ 
/RIV+ ONLY = A 'BETT] FA!RL&'1 & WAS LAT] WILL+ TO 
DEF5D :AT HAD ALREADY BE5 GA9$1 IT SOON REA*$ ! PO9T :]E IT WAS 
READY TO DEF5D ! FA!RL& 'AS IT IS'4 

,! TOL]ANCE ?AT ,M>X'S 'FOLL[]S' DISPLAY$ T[>DS 
! B\RGEOIS SOCIETY WAS NOT ONE-SID$4 ,! B\RGEOISIE ITSELF HAD 9 ITS V]Y 
/RUGGLE AGA9/ ! WORK+ CLASS LE>N$ TO 'UND]/& ! SOCIAL 
QUE/ION'4 ,ITS 9T]PRETATION ( SOCIAL PH5OM5A BECAME 9CREAS+LY 
MORE MAT]IALI/IC2 & SOON !RE WAS AN OV]LAPP+ ( IDEOLOGIES 9 BO? 
FIELDS ( ?\<T1 A CONDITION 9CREAS+ /ILL FUR!R ! 
'H>MONY' BAS$ ON ! ACTUAL DI%>MONY ( CLASS FRICTIONS )9 
A RIS+ CAPITALISM4 ,H[EV]1 ! ',M>XI/S' W]E MORE EAG] ?AN 
! B\RGEOISIE TO 'LE>N FROM ! 5EMY'4 ,! REVISIONI/ 
T5D5CIES HAD DEVELOP$ LONG BE=E ! DEA? ( ,5GELS4 ,! LATT]1 & ,M>X 
HIMSELF1 HAD WAV]$ & DISPLAY$ MOM5TS 9 :I* !Y W]E C>RI$ AWAY BY 
! APP>5T SUCCESS ( !IR MOVEM5T4 ,BUT :AT ) !M WAS ONLY A TEMPOR>Y 
MODIFICATION ( !IR ESS5TIALLY CONSI/5T ?9K+ BECAME 
'BELIEF' & 'SCI5CE' = ?AT MOVEM5T :I* LE>N$ 
TO SEE PROGRESS 9 L>G] TRADE-UNION TREASURES & GREAT] ELECTION VOTES4 

,AFT] #aia ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY F\ND ITSELF DIVID$ 9TO ?REE 
ESS5TIAL GR\PS4 ,!RE W]E ! RE=MI/S1 OP5LY FAVOR+ ,G]MAN 
IMP]IALISM2 !RE WAS ! 'LEFT'1 DI/+UI%$ BY SU* NAMES AS 
,LUXEMBURG1 ,LIEBKNE*T1 ,MEHR+ & ,PANNEKOEK2 & !RE WAS ! 
'C5T]'1 TRY+ TO FOLL[ TRADITIONAL PA?S1 ?AT IS1 ONLY 9 
!ORY1 AS 9 PRACTICE ! :OLE ( ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY C\LD DO ONLY 
:AT WAS POSSIBLE1 I4E4 :AT ,B]N/E9 WANT$ !M TO DO4 ,TO OPPOSE ,B]N/E9 
C\LD MEAN ONLY TO OPPOSE ! :OLE ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PRACTICE4 ,! 
'LEFT' BEGAN TO FUNCTION AS SU* ONLY AT ! MOM5T IT BEGAN TO 
ATTACK SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AS A P>T ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,! DIFF]5CES 
BETWE5 ! TWO OPPOS+ FACTIONS C\LD NOT BE SOLV$ IDEATIONALLY2 !Y W]E 
SOLV$ :5 ! ,NOSKE T]ROR MURD]$ ! ,SP>TACUS GR\P 9 #a#i#a#i4 

,) ! \TBREAK ( ! W>1 ! 'LEFT' F\ND ITSELF 9 ! 
CAPITALI/ PRISONS1 & ! 'RI<T' ON ! ,G5]AL ,/AFF ( ! 
,KAIS]4 ,! 'C5T]'1 L$ BY ,KAUTSKY1 SIMPLY DISP5S$ ) ALL 
PROBLEMS ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T BY DECL>+ ?AT NEI!R ! SOCIAL 
DEMOCRACY NOR ITS ,9T]NATIONAL C\LD FUNCTION DUR+ P]IODS ( W>1 AS BO? 
W]E ESS5TIALLY 9/RUM5TS ( PEACE4 0,?IS POSITION10 ,ROSA 
,LUXEMBURG WROTE1 0IS ! POSITION ( AN EUNU*4 ,AFT] ,KAUTSKY HAS 
SUPPLEM5T$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O IT N[ READS3 ,PROLET>IANS ( 
ALL C\NTRIES UNITE DUR+ PEACE TIMES1 DUR+ TIMES ( W>1 CUT Y\R 
?ROATS40.<#e.> 

,! W> & ITS AFT]MA? DE/ROY$ ! LEG5D ( ,KAUTSKY'S ,M>XI/ 
'OR?ODOXY'4 ,EV5 HIS MO/ 5?USIA/IC PUPIL1 ,L591 HAD TO TURN AWAY 
FROM ! MA/]4 ,9 ,OCTOB] #aiad HE HAD TO ADMIT ?AT AS F> AS ,KAUTSKY WAS 
CONC]N$1 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG HAD BE5 RI<T4 ,9 A LETT] TO ,%LYAPNIK[.<#f.>1 HE WROTE1 0,%E SAW LONG AGO 
?AT ,KAUTSKY1 ! S]VILE !ORETICIAN1 WAS CR++ TO ! MAJORITY ( ! 
,P>TY1 TO ,OPPORTUNISM4 ,!RE IS NO?+ 9 ! WORLD AT PRES5T MORE H>MFUL 
& DANG]\S = ! IDEOLOGICAL 9DEP5D5CE ( ! PROLET>IAT ?AN ?IS 
FIL?Y1 SMUG & DISGU/+ HYPOCRISY ( ,KAUTSKY4 ,HE WANTS TO HU% EV]Y?+ 
UP & SME> EV]Y?+ OV] & BY SOPHI/RY & PSEUDO-LE>N$ RHETORIC LULL 
! AWAK5$ CONSCI5CES ( ! WORK]S40 

,:AT DI/+UI%$ ,KAUTSKY FROM ! G5]AL RUN ( 9TELLECTUALS :O FLOCK$ 
TO ! LABOR MOVEM5T AS SOON AS IT BECAME MORE RESPECTABLE & :O W]E ONLY 
TOO EAG] TO FO/] ! TR5D ( CLASS COLLABORATION1 WAS A GREAT] LOVE = 
!ORY1 A LOVE :I* REFUS$ TO COMP>E !ORY ) ACTUALITY1 LIKE ! LOVE ( 
A MO!R :O PREV5TS H] *ILD FROM LE>N+ ! 'FACTS ( LIFE' 
TOO E>LY4 ,ONLY AS A !ORETICIAN C\LD ,KAUTSKY REMA9 A REVOLUTIONI/2 ONLY 
TOO WILL+LY HE LEFT ! PRACTICAL AFFAIRS ( ! MOVEM5T TO O!RS4 ,H[EV]1 
HE FOOL$ HIMSELF4 ,9 ! ROLE ( A M]E '!ORETICIAN'1 HE CEAS$ 
TO BE A REVOLUTION>Y !ORETICIAN1 OR RA!R HE C\LD NOT BECOME A 
REVOLUTIONI/4 ,AS SOON AS ! SC5E = A REAL BATTLE BETWE5 CAPITALISM & 
SOCIALISM AFT] ! W> HAD BE5 LAID1 HIS !ORIES COLLAPS$ BECAUSE !Y HAD 
ALREADY BE5 DIVORC$ 9 PRACTICE FROM ! MOVEM5T !Y W]E SUPPOS$ TO 
REPRES5T4 

,?\< ,KAUTSKY WAS OPPOS$ TO ! UNNECESS>ILY 5?USIA/IC *AUV9ISM ( 
HIS P>TY1 ?\< HE HESITAT$ TO 5JOY ! W> AS ,EB]T1 ,S*EIDEMANN & 
,H9D5BURG DID1 ?\< HE WAS NOT 9 FAVOR ( AN UNCONDITIONAL 
GRANT+ ( W> CR$ITS1 NEV]!LESS1 UP TO HIS V]Y 5D1 HE WAS =C$ TO 
DE/ROY ) HIS [N H&S ! LEG5D ( HIS ,M>XIAN OR?ODOXY ?AT HE HAD 
E>N$ = HIMSELF 9 #c YE>S ( WRIT+4 ,HE :O 9 #a#i#b.<#g.> HAD PRON\NC$ ?AT WE HAVE 5T]$ A P]IOD ( 
PROLET>IAN /RUGGLES = /ATE P[]1 DECL>$ SU* ATTEMPTS TO BE %E] 
9SANITY :5 WORK]S TOOK HIM S]I\SLY4 ,HE :O HAD F\<T SO VALIANTLY 
AGA9/ ! M9I/]IALISM ( ,MILL]& & ,JAURES 9 ,FRANCE1 *AMPION$ 
#b YE>S LAT] ! COALITION POLICY ( ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY ) ! 
>GUM5TS ( HIS =M] OPPON5TS4 ,HE :O CONC]N$ HIMSELF AS E>LY AS #aii 
) ',! ,WAY TO ,P[]'1 DREAM$ AFT] ! W> ( A CAPITALI/ 
'ULTRA-IMP]IALISM' AS A WAY TO WORLD PEACE1 & SP5T ! 
REMA9D] ( HIS LIFE RE-9T]PRET+ HIS PA/ TO JU/IFY HIS CLASS 
COLLABORATION IDEOLOGY4 0,9 ! C\RSE ( ITS CLASS /RUGGLE10 HE 
WROTE 9 HIS LA/ WORK1 0! PROLET>IAT BECOMES MORE & MORE ! 
VANGU>D = ! RECON/RUCTION ( HUMANITY1 9 :I* 9 ALWAYS GREAT] MEASURE 
ALSO NON-PROLET>IAN LAY]S ( SOCIETY BECOME 9T]E/$4 ,?IS IS NO BETRAYAL 
( ! CLASS /RUGGLE IDEA4 ,I HAD ?IS POSITION ALREADY BE=E !RE WAS 
BOL%EVISM1 AS1 = 9/ANCE1 9 #aic 9 MY >TICLE ON ',CLASS -- 
,SPECIAL & ,COMMON ,9T]E/S' 9 ! ,NEUE ,ZEIT1 :]E ,I CAME 
TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT ! PROLET>IAN CLASS /RUGGLE DOES NOT RECOGNIZE CLASS 
SOLID>ITY BUT ONLY ! SOLID>ITY ( MANK9D40.<#h.> 

,9DE$1 IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO REG>D ,KAUTSKY AS A 'R5EGADE'4 
,ONLY A TOTAL MISUND]/&+ ( ! !ORY & PRACTICE ( ! SOCIAL 
DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5T & ( ,KAUTSKY'S ACTIVITY C\LD LEAD TO SU* A VIEW4 
,KAUTSKY ASPIR$ TO BE+ A GOOD S]VANT ( ,M>XISM2 9 FACT1 TO PLEASE ,5GELS 
& ,M>X SEEM$ TO BE HIS LIFE PR(ESSION4 ,HE REF]R$ TO ! LATT] ALWAYS 9 
! TYPICAL SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC & PHILI/9E MANN] AS ! 'GREAT 
MA/]'1 ! ',OLYMPIAN'1 ! ',?UND] ,GOD'1 ETC4 
,HE FELT EXTREMELY HONOR$ BECAUSE ,M>X 0DID NOT RECEIVE HIM 9 ! SAME 
COLD WAY 9 :I* ,GOE! RECEIV$ HIS Y\NG COLLEAGUE ,HE9E40.<#i.> ,HE MU/ HAVE SWORN TO HIMSELF NOT TO 
DISAPPO9T ,5GELS :5 ! LATT] BEGAN TO REG>D HIM & ,B]N/E9 AS 
'TRU/WOR?Y REPRES5TATIVES ( ,M>XIAN !ORY'1 & DUR+ MO/ ( 
HIS LIFE HE WAS ! MO/ >D5T DEF5D] ( '! WORD'4 ,HE IS MO/ 
HONE/ :5 HE COMPLA9S TO ,5GELS.<#a.> 0?AT NE>LY ALL ! 9TELLECTUALS 9 ! 
P>TY 444 CRY = COLONIES1 = NATIONAL ?\<T1 = A RESURRECTION ( ! 
,TEUTONIC ANTIQUITY1 = CONFID5CE 9 ! GOV]NM5T1 = HAV+ ! P[] 
( 'JU/ICE' REPLACE ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 & EXPRESS A DECID$ 
AV]SION = ! MAT]IALI/IC 9T]PRETATION ( HI/ORY -- ,M>XIAN DOGMA1 
AS !Y CALL IT40 ,HE WANT$ TO >GUE AGA9/ !M1 TO UPHOLD AGA9/ !M 
:AT HAD BE5 E/ABLI%$ BY HIS IDOLS4 ,A GOOD S*OOLMA/]1 HE WAS ALSO AN 
EXCELL5T PUPIL4 

,5GELS UND]/OOD ?IS E>LY 'DEG5]ATION' ( ! MOVEM5T ONLY 
TOO WELL4 ,9 ANSW]+ ,KAUTSKY'S COMPLA9TS1 HE /AT$1.<#a#a.> 0?AT ! DEVELOPM5T ( 
CAPITALISM PROV$ ITSELF TO BE /RONG] ?AN ! REVOLUTION>Y 
C\NT]-PRESSURE4 ,A NEW UPSURGE AGA9/ CAPITALISM W\LD NE$ A VIOL5T %OCK1 
SU* AS ! LOSS BY ,5GL& ( ITS DOM9ATION ( ! WORLD M>KET1 OR A SUDD5 
REVOLUTION>Y OPPORTUNITY 9 ,FRANCE40 ,BUT NEI!R ! ONE NOR ! O!R 
EV5T OCCURR$4 ,! SOCIALI/S NO LONG] WAIT$ = REVOLUTION4 ,B]N/E9 
WAIT$ 9/EAD = ,5GELS' DEA?1 TO AVOID DISAPPO9T+ ! MAN TO :OM 
HE [$ MO/ -- BE=E PROCLAIM+ ?AT 0! GOAL MEANT NO?+ & 
! MOVEM5T EV]Y?+40 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ,5GELS HIMSELF HAD /R5G!N$ 
! =CES ( RE=MISM DUR+ ! LATT] P>T ( HIS LIFE4 ,H[EV]1 :AT 9 
HIS CASE C\LD BE TAK5 ONLY AS ! WEAK5+ ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 HIS /& 
AGA9/ ! WORLD1 WAS TAK5 BY HIS EPIGONES AS ! S\RCE ( !IR /R5G?4 
,TIME & AGA9 ,M>X & ,5GELS RETURN$ TO ! UNCOMPROMIS+ ATTITUDE ( ! 
,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O & ,CAPITAL AS1 = 9/ANCE1 9 
! ,CRITIQUE ( ! ,GO?A ,PROGRAM1 :I* WAS DELAY$ 9 ITS 
PUBLICATION 9 ORD] NOT TO DI/URB ! COMPROMIS]S 9 ! MOVEM5T4 ,ITS 
PUBLICATION WAS POSSIBLE ONLY AFT] A /RUGGLE ) ! P>TY BUREAUCRACY1 
:I* CIRCUM/ANCE L$ ,5GELS TO REM>K ?AT1 ,IT IS 9 FACT A BRILLIANT ?\<T 
TO HAVE ,G]MAN SOCIALI/ SCI5CE PRES5T1 AFT] ITS EMANCIPATION FROM ! 
,BISM>CKIAN SOCIALI/ LAWS1 ITS [N SOCIALI/ LAWS1 =MULAT$ BY ! (FICIALS 
( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY4.<#a#b.> 

,KAUTSKY DEF5D$ AN ALREADY EMASCULAT$ ,M>XISM4 ,! RADICAL1 REVOLUTION>Y1 
ANTI-CAPITALI/ ,M>XISM HAD BE5 DEFEAT$ BY CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T4 ,AT ! 
,CONGRESS ( ! ,WORK]S' ,9T]NATIONAL 9 #ahgb 9 ,! ,HAGUE1 ,M>X HIMSELF 
HAD DECL>$3 0,SOME DAY ! WORK]S MU/ CONQU] POLITICAL SUPREMACY1 9 
ORD] TO E/ABLI% ! NEW ORGANIZATION ( LABOR 444 ,( C\RSE1 ,I MU/ NOT BE 
SUPPOS$ TO IMPLY ?AT ! MEANS TO ?IS 5D WILL BE ! SAME EV]Y:]E 444 
& WE DO NOT D5Y ?AT !RE >E C]TA9 C\NTRIES1 SU* AS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 
& ,5GL& 9 :I* ! WORK]S MAY HOPE TO SECURE !IR 5DS BY PEACEFUL 
MEANS40 ,?IS /ATEM5T ALL[$ EV5 ! REVISIONI/S TO DECL>E 
!MSELVES ,M>XI/S1 & ! ONLY >GUM5T ,KAUTSKY C\LD MU/] AGA9/ !M1 
AS1 = 9/ANCE1 DUR+ ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY CONGRESS 9 ,/UTTG>T 9 
#a#h#i#h1 WAS ! D5IAL ?AT ! DEMOCRATIZATION & SOCIALIZATION PROCESS CLAIM$ 
BY ! REVISIONI/S AS 9 PROGRESS 9 ,5GL& & ,AM]ICA1 ALSO HELD GOOD = 
,G]MANY4 ,HE REPEAT$ ,M>X'S POSITION AS REG>DS ! EV5TUALITY ( A MORE 
PEACEFUL TRANS=MATION ( SOCIETY 9 SOME C\NTRIES1 & ADD$ TO ?IS REM>K 
ONLY ?AT HE1 TOO1 0WI%ES NO?+ ELSE BUT TO OBTA9 SOCIALISM )\T A 
CATA/ROPHE40 ,H[EV]1 HE D\BT$ SU* A POSSIBILITY4 

,IT IS UND]/&ABLE ?AT ON ! BASIS ( SU* ?9K+ IT WAS ONLY 
CONSI/5T = ,KAUTSKY TO ASSUME AFT] ! W> ?AT ) ! N[ POSSIBLE MORE 
RAPID DEVELOPM5T ( DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS 9 ,G]MANY & ,RUSSIA1 ! MORE 
PEACEFUL WAY TO SOCIALISM C\LD BE REALIZ$ ALSO 9 !SE C\NTRIES4 ,! 
PEACEFUL WAY SEEM$ TO HIM ! SUR] WAY1 AS IT W\LD BETT] S]VE ?AT 
'SOLID>ITY ( MANK9D' ?AT HE WI%$ TO DEVELOP4 ,! SOCIALI/ 
9TELLECTUALS WI%$ TO RETURN ! DEC5CY ) :I* ! B\RGEOISIE HAD 
LE>N$ TO TREAT !M4 ,AFT] ALL1 WE >E ALL G5TLEM56 ,! ORD]LY 
PETTY-B\RGEOIS LIFE ( ! 9TELLIG5TSIA1 SECUR$ BY A P[]FUL SOCIALI/ 
MOVEM5T1 HAD L$ !M TO EMPHASIZE ! E?ICAL & CULTURAL ASPECTS ( ?+S4 
,KAUTSKY HAT$ ! ME?ODS ( BOL%EVISM ) NO LESS 9T5SITY ?AN DID ! 
:ITE GU>DI/S1 ?\< 9 CONTRA/ TO ! LATT]1 HE WAS 9 FULL AGREEM5T 
) ! GOAL ( BOL%EVISM4 ,BEH9D ! ASPECT ( ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION 
! LEAD]S ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T CORRECTLY SAW A *AOS 9 :I* !IR [N 
POSITION W\LD BECOME NO LESS JEOP>DIZ$ ?AN ?AT ( ! B\RGEOISIE PROP]4 
,!IR HATR$ ( 'DISORD]' WAS A DEF5SE ( !IR [N MAT]IAL1 
SOCIAL & 9TELLECTUAL POSITION4 ,SOCIALISM WAS TO BE DEVELOP$ NOT ILLEGALLY1 
BUT LEGALLY1 = UND] SU* CONDITIONS1 EXI/+ ORGANIZATIONS & LEAD]S 
W\LD CONT9UE TO DOM9ATE ! MOVEM5T4 ,& !IR SUCCESSFUL 9T]RUPTION ( 
! IMP5D+ PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION DEMON/RAT$ ?AT NOT ONLY DID ! 
'GA9S' ( ! WORK]S 9 ! ECONOMIC SPH]E TURN AGA9/ ! 
WORK]S !MSELVES1 BUT ?AT !IR 'SUCCESS' 9 ! POLITICAL FIELD 
ALSO TURN$ \T TO BE WEAPONS AGA9/ !IR EMANCIPATION4 ,! /RONGE/ BULW>K 
AGA9/ A RADICAL SOLUTION ( ! SOCIAL QUE/ION WAS ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 9 
:OSE GR[? ! WORK]S HAD LE>N$ TO MEASURE !IR GR[+ P[]4 

,NO?+ %[S ! REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT] ( ,M>X'S !ORIES MORE 
CLE>LY ?AN ! DIFFICULTY TO MA9TA9 !M DUR+ NON-REVOLUTION>Y TIMES4 
,!RE WAS A GRA9 ( TRU? 9 ,KAUTSKY'S /ATEM5T ?AT ! SOCIALI/ 
MOVEM5T CANNOT FUNCTION DUR+ TIMES ( W>1 AS TIMES ( W> TEMPOR>ILY 
CREATE NON-REVOLUTION>Y SITUATIONS4 ,! REVOLUTIONI/ BECOMES ISOLAT$1 & 
REGI/]S TEMPOR>Y DEFEAT4 ,HE MU/ WAIT TILL ! SITUATION *ANGES1 TILL ! 
SUBJECTIVE READ9ESS TO P>TICIPATE 9 W> IS BROK5 BY ! OBJECTIVE 
IMPOSSIBILITY TO S]VE ?IS SUBJECTIVE READ9ESS4 ,A REVOLUTIONI/ CANNOT HELP 
/&+ '\TSIDE ! WORLD' FROM TIME TO TIME4 ,TO BELIEVE ?AT A 
REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE1 EXPRESS$ 9 9DEP5D5T ACTIONS ( ! WORK]S1 IS 
ALWAYS POSSIBLE MEANS TO FALL VICTIM TO DEMOCRATIC ILLUSIONS4 ,BUT IT IS MORE 
DIFFICULT TO /& '\TSIDE ?IS WORLD'1 = NO ONE CAN KN[ :5 
SITUATIONS *ANGE1 & NO ONE WI%ES TO BE LEFT \T :5 *ANGES DO OCCUR4 
,CONSI/5CY EXI/S ONLY 9 !ORY4 ,IT CANNOT BE SAID ?AT ,M>X'S !ORIES 
W]E 9CONSI/5T2 IT CAN1 H[EV]1 BE SAID1 ?AT ,M>X WAS NOT CONSI/5T1 I4E4 
?AT HE1 TOO1 HAD TO PAY DEF]5CE TO A *ANG+ REALITY &1 9 
NON-REVOLUTION>Y TIMES1 9 ORD] TO FUNCTION AT ALL1 HAD TO FUNCTION 9 A 
NON-REVOLUTION>Y MANN]4 ,HIS !ORIES W]E LIMIT$ TO ! ESS5TIALS ( ! 
CLASS /RUGGLE BETWE5 B\RGEOISIE & PROLET>IAT1 BUT HIS PRACTICE WAS 
CONT9U\S1 DEAL+ ) PROBLEMS 'AS !Y CAME UP'1 PROBLEMS :I* 
C\LD NOT ALWAYS BE SOLV$ ) ESS5TIAL PR9CIPLES4 ,UNWILL+ TO RETIRE 
DUR+ ! UPSW+ P]IOD ( CAPITALISM1 ,M>XISM C\LD NOT ESCAPE FUNCTION+ 
9 A MANN] CONTR>Y TO A !ORY RESULT+ FROM ! RECOGNITION ( A REAL & 
ALWAYS PRES5T REVOLUTION>Y CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,! !ORY ( ! EV]PRES5T 
CLASS /RUGGLE HAS NO MORE JU/IFICATION ?AN ! B\RGEOIS CONCEPT ( 
PROGRESS4 ,!RE IS NO AUTOMATISM KEEP+ ?+S ROLL+ UPHILL2 9/EAD1 !RE 
IS COMBAT ) *ANG+ =TUNES2 !RE IS ! DEA?LOCK ( ! /RUGGLE & 
! UTT] DEFEAT4 ,M]E NUMB]S ( WORK]S OPPOS$ TO ! P[]FUL CAPITALI/ 
/ATE AT TIMES :5 HI/ORY /ILL FAVORS CAPITALISM DO NOT REPRES5T ! GIANT 
ON :OSE BACK ! CAPITALI/ P>ASITES RE/1 BUT RA!R ! BULL :O HAS TO 
MOVE 9 ! DIRECTIONS HIS NOSE-/ICK =CES HIM TO GO4 ,DUR+ ! 
NON-REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD ( ! ASC5D+ CAPITALISM1 REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XISM 
C\LD EXI/ ONLY AS IDEOLOGY1 S]V+ AN 5TIRELY DIFF]5T PRACTICE4 ,9 ?IS 
LATT] =M IT WAS AGA9 LIMIT$ BY ACTUAL OCCURR5CES4 ,AS A M]E IDEOLOGY IT 
HAD TO CEASE EXI/+ AS SOON AS GREAT SOCIAL UPHEAVALS DEM&$ A *ANGE FROM 
AN 9DIRECT TO A DIRECT CLASS COLLABORATION IDEOLOGY = CAPITALI/IC 
PURPOSES4 

,M>X DEVELOP$ HIS !ORIES DUR+ REVOLUTION>Y TIMES4 ,! MO/ ADVANC$ ( 
! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTIONI/S1 HE WAS ! CLOSE/ TO ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! DEFEAT 
( ! B\RGEOISIE AS REVOLUTIONI/S1 !IR SUCCESS )9 ! 
C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 CONV9C$ ,M>X ?AT ! MOD]N REVOLUTION>Y CLASS CAN BE 
ONLY ! WORK+ CLASS1 & HE DEVELOP$ ! SOCIOECONOMIC !ORY ( !IR 
REVOLUTION4 ,LIKE MANY ( HIS CONTEMPOR>IES1 HE UND]E/IMAT$ ! /R5G? & 
FLEXIBILITY ( CAPITALISM1 & EXPECT$ TOO SOON ! 5D ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY4 
,TWO ALT]NATIVES OP5$ !MSELVES TO HIM3 HE C\LD EI!R /& \TSIDE ! 
ACTUAL DEVELOPM5T1 RE/RICT+ HIMSELF TO 9APPLICABLE RADICAL ?9K+1 OR 
P>TICIPATE UND] ! GIV5 CONDITIONS 9 ! ACTUAL /RUGGLES1 & RES]VE ! 
REVOLUTION>Y !ORIES = 'BETT] TIMES'4 ,?IS LATT] ALT]NATIVE 
WAS RATIONALIZ$ 9TO ! 'PROP] BALANCE ( !ORY & PRACTICE'1 
& ! DEFEAT OR SUCCESS ( PROLET>IAN ACTIVITIES BECAME !RE) ! RESULT 
( 'RI<T' OR 'WRONG' TACTICS ONCE MORE2 ! QUE/ION 
( ! PROP] ORGANIZATION & ( CORRECT LEAD]%IP4 ,IT WAS NOT SO MU* 
,M>X'S E>LI] CONNECTION ) ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION ?AT L$ TO ! 
FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,JACOB9IC ASPECT ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T CALL$ BY 
HIS NAME1 BUT ! NON-REVOLUTION>Y PRACTICE ( ?IS MOVEM5T1 BECAUSE ( ! 
NON-REVOLUTION>Y TIMES4 

,! ,M>XISM ( ,KAUTSKY1 !N1 WAS A ,M>XISM 9 ! =M ( A M]E IDEOLOGY1 
& IT WAS !RE) FAT$ TO RETURN 9 ! C\RSE ( TIME 9TO IDEALI/IC 
*ANNELS4 ,KAUTSKY'S 'OR?ODOXY' WAS 9 TRU? ! >TIFICIAL 
PRES]VATION ( IDEAS OPPOS$ TO AN ACTUAL PRACTICE1 & WAS !RE) =C$ 
9TO RETREAT1 AS REALITY IS ALWAYS /RONG] ?AN IDEOLOGY4 ,A REAL ,M>XIAN 
'OR?ODOXY' C\LD BE POSSIBLE ONLY ) A RETURN ( REAL 
REVOLUTION>Y SITUATIONS1 & !N SU* 'OR?ODOXY' W\LD CONC]N 
ITSELF NOT ) '! WORD'1 BUT ) ! PR9CIPLE ( ! CLASS 
/RUGGLE BETWE5 B\RGEOISIE & PROLET>IAT APPLI$ TO NEW & *ANG$ 
SITUATIONS4 ,! RETREAT ( !ORY BE=E PRACTICE CAN BE FOLL[$ ) UTMO/ 
CL>ITY 9 ,KAUTSKY'S WRIT+S4 

,! MANY BOOKS & >TICLES WRITT5 BY ,KAUTSKY DEAL ) ALMO/ ALL SOCIAL 
PROBLEMS1 9 ADDITION TO SPECIFIC QUE/IONS CONC]N+ ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 
,H[EV]1 HIS WRIT+S CAN BE CLASSIFI$ 9TO ,ECONOMY1 ,HI/ORY & ,PHILOSOPHY4 
,9 ! FIELD ( POLITICAL ECONOMY1 NOT MU* CAN BE SAID AB\T HIS CONTRIBUTION4 
,HE WAS ! POPUL>IZ] ( ! FIR/ VOLUME ( ,M>X'S ,CAPITAL 
& ! $ITOR ( ,M>X'S 0,!ORIES ( ,SURPLUS ,VALUE01 
PUBLI%$ DUR+ ! YE>S FROM #aid TO #a#i#a4 ,HIS POPUL>IZATIONS ( 
,M>X'S ECONOMIC !ORIES DO NOT DI/+UI% !MSELVES FROM ! G5]ALLY 
ACCEPT$ 9T]PRETATION ( ECONOMIC PH5OM5A 9 ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T -- 
! REVISIONI/S 9CLUD$4 ,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 P>TS ( HIS FAM\S BOOK 
0,! ,ECONOMIC ,DOCTR9ES ( ,K>L ,M>X0 W]E WRITT5 BY ,$U>D 
,B]N/E94 ,9 ! HEAT$ DISCUSSION WAG$ AT ! TURN ( ! C5TURY CONC]N+ 
! MEAN+ ( ,M>X'S !ORIES 9 ! SECOND & ?IRD VOLUME ( 
,CAPITAL1 ,KAUTSKY TOOK V]Y SMALL P>T4 ,= HIM ! FIR/ VOLUME ( 
,CAPITAL CONTA9$ ALL ?AT WAS ( IMPORTANCE TO ! WORK]S & 
!IR MOVEM5T4 ,IT DEALT ) ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION1 ! FACTORY & 
EXPLOITATION1 & CONTA9$ ALL ?AT WAS NE$$ TO SUPPORT A WORK]S' 
MOVEM5T AGA9/ CAPITALISM4 ,! O!R TWO VOLUMES DEAL+ 9 GREAT] DETAIL 
) CAPITALI/ T5D5CIES T[>DS CRISES & COLLAPSE DID NOT CORRESPOND TO 
IMM$IATE REALITY & F\ND LITTLE 9T]E/ NOT ONLY BY ,KAUTSKY BUT BY ALL 
,M>XIAN !ORETICIANS ( ! UPSW+ P]IOD ( CAPITALISM4 ,9 A REVIEW ( ! 
SECOND VOLUME ( ,CAPITAL1 WRITT5 9 #a#h#h#f1 ,KAUTSKY EXPRESS$ ! 
OP9ION ?AT ?IS VOLUME IS ( LESS 9T]E/ TO ! WORK]S1 AS IT DEALS 
L>GELY ) ! PROBLEM ( ! REALIZATION ( SURPLUS VALUE1 :I* AFT] ALL 
%\LD BE RA!R ! CONC]N ( ! CAPITALI/S4 ,:5 ,B]N/E91 9 ! C\RSE 
( HIS ATTACK UPON ,M>X'S ECONOMIC !ORIES1 REJECT$ ! LATT]'S 
!ORY ( COLLAPSE1 ,KAUTSKY DEF5D$ ,M>XISM BY SIMPLY D5Y+ ?AT ,M>X EV] 
HAD DEVELOP$ A SPECIAL !ORY PO9T+ TO AN OBJECTIVE 5D ( CAPITALISM1 & 
?AT SU* A CONCEPT WAS M]ELY AN 9V5TION ( ,B]N/E94 ,! DIFFICULTIES & 
CONTRADICTIONS ( CAPITALISM HE SE>*$ = 9 ! SPH]E ( CIRCULATION4 
,CONSUMPTION C\LD NOT GR[ SO RAPIDLY AS PRODUCTION & A P]MAN5T 
OV]-PRODUCTION W\LD LEAD TO ! POLITICAL NECESSITY ( 9TRODUC+ SOCIALISM4 
,AGA9/ ,TUGAN-,B>AN[SKY'S !ORY ( AN UNHAMP]$ CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T 
PROCE$+ FROM ! FACT ?AT CAPITAL CREATES ITS [N M>KETS & CAN OV]COME 
DEVELOP+ DISPROPORTIONALITIES1 A !ORY :I* 9FLU5C$ ! :OLE RE=MI/ 
MOVEM5T1 ,KAUTSKY.<#a#c.> SET HIS 
UND]CONSUMPTION !ORY TO EXPLA9 ! UNAVOIDABILITY ( CAPITALI/ CRISES1 
CRISES :I* HELP$ TO CREATE ! SUBJECTIVE CONDITIONS = A TRANS=MATION 
FROM CAPITALISM TO SOCIALISM4 ,H[EV]1 #be YE>S LAT]1 HE OP5LY ADMITT$ ?AT 
HE HAD BE5 WRONG 9 HIS EVALUATION ( ! ECONOMIC POSSIBILITIES ( 
CAPITALISM1 AS 0FROM AN ECONOMIC VIEWPO9T1 CAPITAL IS MU* LIVELI] 
TODAY ?AN IT WAS #e YE>S AGO40.<#a#d.> 

,! !ORETICAL UNCL>ITY & 9CONSI/5CY ?AT ,KAUTSKY.<#a#e.> DISPLAY$ ON ECONOMIC QUE/IONS1 
W]E ONLY CLIMAX$ BY HIS ACCEPTANCE ( ! ONCE D5\NC$ VIEWS ( 
,TUGAN-,B>AN[SKY4 ,!Y W]E ONLY A REFLECTION ( HIS *ANG+ G5]AL ATTITUDE 
T[>DS B\RGEOIS ?\<T & CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,9 HIS BOOK 0,! 
,MAT]IALI/IC ,CONCEPTION ( ,HI/ORY10 :I* HE HIMSELF DECL>ES TO BE ! 
BE/ & F9AL PRODUCT ( HIS :OLE LIFE'S WORK1 DEAL+ AS IT DOES 9 
NE>LY #b PAGES ) ! DEVELOPM5T ( NATURE1 SOCIETY & ! /ATE1 HE 
DEMON/RATES NOT ONLY HIS P$ANTIC ME?OD ( EXPOSITION & HIS F>-REA*+ 
KN[L$GE ( !ORIES & FACTS1 BUT ALSO HIS MANY MISCONCEPTIONS AS REG>DS 
,M>XISM & HIS F9AL BREAK ) ,M>XIAN SCI5CE4 ,H]E HE OP5LY DECL>ES 
0?AT AT TIMES REVISIONS ( ,M>XISM >E UNAVOIDABLE40.<#a#f.> ,H]E HE N[ ACCEPTS ALL ?AT DUR+ 
HIS :OLE LIFE HE HAD APP>5TLY /RUGGL$ AGA9/4 ,HE IS NO LONG] SOLELY 
9T]E/$ 9 ! 9T]PRETATION ( ,M>XISM1 BUT IS READY TO ACCEPT 
RESPONSIBILITY = HIS [N ?\<TS1 PRES5T+ HIS MA9 WORK AS HIS [N 
CONCEPTION ( HI/ORY1 NOT TOTALLY REMOV$ BUT 9DEP5D5T FROM ,M>X & 
,5GELS4 ,HIS MA/]S1 HE N[ CONT5DS1 HAVE RE/RICT$ ! MAT]IALI/IC 
CONCEPTION ( HI/ORY BY NEGLECT+ TOO MU* ! NATURAL FACTORS 9 HI/ORY4 
,HE1 H[EV]1 />T+ NOT FROM ,HEGEL BUT FROM ,D>W91 0WILL N[ EXT5D 
! SCOPE ( HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM TILL IT M]GES ) BIOLOGY40.<#a#g.> ,BUT HIS FUR!R+ ( HI/ORICAL 
MAT]IALISM TURNS \T TO BE NO MORE ?AN A REV]SION TO ! CRUDE NATURALI/IC 
MAT]IALISM ( ,M>X'S =]UNN]S1 A RETURN TO ! POSITION ( ! 
REVOLUTION>Y B\RGEOISIE1 :I* ,M>X HAD OV]COME ) HIS REJECTION ( 
,FEU]BA*4 ,ON ! BASIS ( ?IS NATURALI/IC MAT]IALISM1 ,KAUTSKY1 LIKE ! 
B\RGEOIS PHILOSOPH]S BE=E HIM1 CANNOT HELP ADOPT+ AN IDEALI/IC CONCEPT 
( SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T1 :I*1 !N1 :5 IT DEALS ) ! /ATE1 TURNS OP5LY 
& COMPLETELY 9TO ! OLD B\RGEOIS CONCEPTIONS ( ! HI/ORY ( MANK9D AS 
! HI/ORY ( /ATES4 ,5D+ 9 ! B\RGEOIS DEMOCRATIC /ATE1 ,KAUTSKY HOLDS 
?AT 0!RE IS NO ROOM ANY LONG] = VIOL5T CLASS CONFLICT4 ,PEACEFULLY1 
BY WAY ( PROPAG&A & ! VOT+ SY/EM CAN CONFLICTS BE 5D$1 DECISIONS BE 
MADE40.<#a#h.> 

,?\< WE CANNOT POSSIBLY REVIEW 9 DETAIL AT ?IS PLACE ?IS TREM5D\S 
BOOK ( ,KAUTSKY1.<#a#i.> WE MU/ SAY 
?AT IT DEMON/RATES ?R\<\T ! D\BTFUL *>ACT] ( ,KAUTSKY'S 
',M>XISM'4 ,HIS CONNECTION ) ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 SE5 
RETROSPECTIVELY1 WAS NEV] MORE ?AN HIS P>TICIPATION 9 SOME =M ( 
B\RGEOIS SOCIAL WORK4 ,!RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT HE NEV] UND]/OOD ! REAL 
POSITION ( ,M>X & ,5GELS1 OR AT LEA/ NEV] DREAM$ ?AT !ORIES C\LD HAVE 
AN IMM$IATE CONNECTION ) REALITY4 ,?IS APP>5TLY S]I\S ,M>XI/ /UD5T 
HAD ACTUALLY NEV] TAK5 ,M>X S]I\SLY4 ,LIKE MANY PI\S PRIE/S 5GAG+ 9 A 
PRACTICE CONTR>Y TO !IR TEA*+1 HE MI<T NOT EV5 HAVE BE5 AW>E ( ! 
DUALITY ( HIS [N ?\<T & ACTION4 ,UND\BT$LY HE W\LD HAVE S9C]ELY 
LIK$ BE+ 9 REALITY ! B\RGEOIS ( :OM ,M>X ONCE SAID1 HE IS 0A 
CAPITALI/ SOLELY 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! PROLET>IAT40 ,BUT EV5 SU* A 
*ANGE ( AFFAIRS HE W\LD REJECT1 UNLESS IT W]E ATTA9ABLE 9 ! 
'PEACEFUL' B\RGEOIS1 DEMOCRATIC MANN]4 ,KAUTSKY1 0REPUDIATES 
! ,BOL%EVIK MELODY ?AT IS UNPLEASANT TO HIS E>10 WROTE ,TROTSKY1 
0BUT DOES NOT SEEK ANO!R4 ,! SOLUTION IS SIMPLE3 ! OLD MUSICIAN 
REFUSES ALTOGE!R TO PLAY ON ! 9/RUM5T ( ! REVOLUTION40.<#b.> 

,RECOGNIZ+ AT ! CLOSE ( HIS LIFE ?AT ! RE=MS ( CAPITALISM ?AT HE 
WI%$ TO A*IEVE C\LD NOT BE REALIZ$ BY DEMOCRATIC1 PEACEFUL MEANS1 ,KAUTSKY 
TURN$ AGA9/ HIS [N PRACTICAL POLICY1 & JU/ AS HE WAS 9 =M] TIMES ! 
PROPON5T ( A ,M>XIAN IDEOLOGY :I*1 ALTOGE!R DIVORC$ FROM REALITY1 C\LD 
S]VE ONLY ITS OPPON5TS1 HE N[ BECAME ! PROPON5T ( B\RGEOIS LAISSEZ 
FAIRE IDEOLOGY1 JU/ AS MU* REMOV$ FROM ! ACTUAL CONDITIONS ( ! 
DEVELOP+ FASCI/IC CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 & JU/ AS MU* S]V+ ?IS SOCIETY 
AS HIS ,M>XIAN IDEOLOGY HAD S]V$ ! DEMOCRATIC /AGE ( CAPITALISM4 
0,PEOPLE LOVE TODAY TO SPEAK DISDA9FULLY AB\T ! LIB]ALI/IC 
ECONOMY10 HE WROTE 9 HIS LA/ WORK2 0H[EV]1 ! !ORIES F\ND$ 
BY ,QUESNAY1 ,ADAM ,SMI? & ,RIC>DO >E NOT AT ALL OBSOLETE4 ,9 !IR ESS5TIALS 
,M>X HAD ACCEPT$ !IR !ORIES & DEVELOP$ !M FUR!R1 & HE HAS NEV] 
D5I$ ?AT ! LIB]AL FRE$OM ( COMMODITY PRODUCTION CON/ITUT$ ! BE/ 
BASIS = ITS DEVELOPM5T4 ,M>X DI/+UI%ES HIMSELF FROM ! ,CLASSICI/S 
!RE91 ?AT :5 ! LATT] SAW 9 COMMODITY PRODUCTION ( PRIVATE PRODUC]S 
! ONLY POSSIBLE =M ( PRODUCTION1 ,M>X SAW ! HI<E/ =M ( COMMODITY 
PRODUCTION LEAD+ ?R\< ITS [N DEVELOPM5T TO CONDITIONS ALL[+ = A 
/ILL BETT] =M ( PRODUCTION1 SOCIAL PRODUCTION1 :]E SOCIETY1 ID5TICAL 
) ! :OLE ( ! WORK+ POPULATION1 CONTROLS ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 
PRODUC+ NO LONG] = PR(IT BUT TO SATISFY NE$S4 ,! SOCIALI/ MODE ( 
PRODUCTION HAS ITS [N RULES1 9 MANY RESPECTS DIFF]5T FROM ! LAWS ( 
COMMODITY PRODUCTION4 ,H[EV]1 AS LONG AS COMMODITY PRODUCTION PREVAILS1 IT 
WILL BE/ FUNCTION IF ?OSE LAWS ( MOTION DISCOV]$ 9 ! ]A ( LIB]ALISM 
>E RESPECT$40.<#b#a.> 

,!SE IDEAS >E QUITE SURPRIS+ 9 A MAN :O HAD $IT$ ,M>X'S 
0,!ORIES ( ,SURPLUS ,VALUE01 A WORK :I* PROV$ EXHAU/IVELY 
0?AT ,M>X AT NO TIME 9 HIS LIFE C\NT5ANC$ ! OP9ION ?AT ! NEW 
CONT5TS ( HIS SOCIALI/ & COMMUNI/ !ORY C\LD BE D]IV$1 AS A M]E 
LOGICAL CONSEQU5CE1 FROM ! UTT]LY B\RGEOIS !ORIES ( ,QUESNAY1 ,SMI? & 
,RIC>DO4.<#b#b.> ,H[EV]1 ?IS POSITION 
( ,KAUTSKY'S GIVES ! NECESS>Y QUALIFICATIONS TO \R PREVI\S /ATEM5T 
?AT HE WAS AN EXCELL5T PUPIL ( ,M>X & ,5GELS4 ,HE WAS SU* ONLY TO ! 
EXT5T ?AT ,M>XISM C\LD BE FITT$ 9TO HIS [N LIMIT$ CONCEPTS ( SOCIAL 
DEVELOPM5T & ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,= ,KAUTSKY1 ! 'SOCIALI/ 
SOCIETY'1 OR ! LOGICAL CONSEQU5CE ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T ( 
COMMODITY PRODUCTION1 IS 9 TRU? ONLY A /ATE-CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,:5 ONCE HE 
MI/OOK ,M>X'S VALUE CONCEPT AS A LAW ( SOCIALI/ ECONOMICS IF ONLY 
APPLI$ CONSCI\SLY 9/EAD ( BE+ LEFT TO ! 'BL9D' OP]ATIONS 
( ! M>KET1 ,5GELS PO9T$ \T TO HIM.<#b#c.> ?AT = ,M>X1 VALUE IS A /RICTLY HI/ORICAL 
CATEGORY2 ?AT NEI!R BE=E NOR AFT] CAPITALISM DID !RE EXI/ OR C\LD 
!RE EXI/ A VALUE PRODUCTION :I* DIFF]$ ONLY 9 =M FROM ?AT ( 
CAPITALISM4 ,& ,KAUTSKY ACCEPT$ ,5GELS' /ATEM5T1 AS IS MANIFE/$ 9 
HIS WORK 0,! ,ECONOMIC ,DOCTR9ES ( ,K>L ,M>X0 7#a#h#h#g71 :]E HE 
ALSO SAW VALUE AS A HI/ORICAL CATEGORY4 ,LAT]1 H[EV]1 9 REACTION TO 
B\RGEOIS CRITICISM ( SOCIALI/ ECONOMIC !ORY1 HE RE-9TRODUC$ 9 HIS BOOK 
0,! ,PROLET>IAN ,REVOLUTION & ITS ,PROGRAM0 7#a#i#b#b7 ! VALUE 
CONCEPT1 ! M>KET & MONEY ECONOMY1 COMMODITY PRODUCTION1 9TO HIS S*EME ( 
A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY4 ,:AT WAS ONCE HI/ORICAL BECAME ET]NAL2 ,5GELS HAD TALK$ 
9 VA94 ,KAUTSKY HAD RETURN$ FROM :]E HE HAD SPRUNG1 FROM ! 
PETITE-B\RGEOISIE1 :O HATE ) EQUAL =CE BO? MONOPOLY CONTROL 
& SOCIALISM1 & HOPE = A PURELY QUANTITATIVE *ANGE ( SOCIETY1 AN 
5L>G$ REPRODUCTION ( ! /ATUS QUO1 A BETT] & BIGG] 
CAPITALISM1 A BETT] & MORE COMPREH5SIVE DEMOCRACY -- AS AGA9/ A 
CAPITALISM CLIMAX+ 9 FASCISM OR *ANG+ 9TO COMMUNISM4 

,! MA9T5ANCE ( LIB]AL COMMODITY PRODUCTION & ITS POLITICAL EXPRESSION 
W]E PREF]R$ BY ,KAUTSKY TO ! 'ECONOMICS' ( FASCISM BECAUSE ! 
=M] SY/EM DET]M9$ HIS LONG GR&EUR & HIS %ORT MIS]Y4 ,JU/ AS HE HAD 
%IELD$ B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY ) ,M>XIAN PHRASEOLOGY1 SO HE N[ OBSCUR$ ! 
FASCI/ REALITY ) DEMOCRATIC PHRASEOLOGY4 ,= N[1 BY TURN+ !IR ?\<TS 
BACKW>D 9/EAD ( =W>D1 HE MADE HIS FOLL[]S M5TALLY 9CAPACITAT$ = 
REVOLUTION>Y ACTION4 ,! MAN :O %ORTLY BE=E HIS DEA? WAS DRIV5 FROM 
,B]L9 TO ,VI5NA BY M>*+ FASCISM1 & FROM ,VI5NA TO ,PRAGUE1 & FROM 
,PRAGUE TO ,AM/]DAM1 PUBLI%$ 9 #aicg A BOOK.<#b#d.> :I* %[S EXPLICITLY ?AT ONCE A 
',M>XI/' MAKES ! /EP FROM A MAT]IALI/IC TO AN IDEALI/IC 
CONCEPT ( SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T1 HE IS SURE TO >RIVE SOON] OR LAT] AT ?AT 
BORD]L9E ( ?\<T :]E IDEALISM TURNS 9TO 9SANITY4 ,!RE IS A REPORT 
CURR5T 9 ,G]MANY ?AT :5 ,H9D5BURG WAS WAT*+ A ,NAZI DEMON/RATION ( 
/ORM TROOPS HE TURN$ TO A ,G5]AL /&+ BESIDE HIM SAY+1 0,I DID 
NOT KN[ WE HAD TAK5 SO MANY ,RUSSIAN PRISON]S40 ,KAUTSKY1 TOO1 9 ?IS 
HIS LA/ BOOK1 IS M5TALLY /ILL AT ',TANN5B]G'4 ,HIS WORK IS A 
FAI?FUL DESCRIPTION ( ! DIFF]5T ATTITUDES TAK5 BY SOCIALI/S & !IR 
=]UNN]S TO ! QUE/ION ( W> S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! FIFTE5? C5TURY 
UP TO ! PRES5T TIME4 ,IT %[S1 AL?\< NOT TO ,KAUTSKY1 H[ RIDICUL\S 
,M>XISM CAN BECOME :5 IT ASSOCIATES ! PROLET>IAN ) ! B\RGEOIS NE$S 
& NECESSITIES4 

,KAUTSKY WROTE HIS LA/ BOOK1 AS HE SAID1 0TO DET]M9E :I* POSITION 
%\LD BE TAK5 BY SOCIALI/S & DEMOCRATS 9 CASE A NEW W> BREAKS \T 
DESPITE ALL \R OPPOSITION TO IT40.<#b#e.> ,H[EV]1 HE CONT9U$1 0,!RE IS NO DIRECT 
ANSW] TO ?IS QUE/ION BE=E ! W> IS ACTUALLY H]E & WE >E ALL ABLE TO 
SEE :O CAUS$ ! W> & = :AT PURPOSE IT IS F\<T40 ,HE ADVOCATES 
?AT 0IF W> BREAKS \T1 SOCIALI/S %\LD TRY TO MA9TA9 !IR UNITY1 
TO BR+ !IR ORGANIZATION SAFELY ?R\< ! W>1 SO ?AT !Y MAY REAP ! 
FRUIT :]EV] UNPOPUL> POLITICAL REGIMES COLLAPSE4 ,9 #aiad ?IS UNITY WAS 
LO/ & WE /ILL SUFF] FROM ?IS CALAMITY4 ,BUT TODAY ?+S >E MU* CLE>] 
?AN !Y W]E !N2 ! OPPOSITION BETWE5 DEMOCRATIC & ANTI-DEMOCRATIC 
/ATES IS MU* %>P]2 & IT CAN BE EXPECT$ ?AT IF IT COMES TO ! NEW 
WORLD W>1 ALL SOCIALI/S WILL /& ON ! SIDE ( DEMOCRACY40 ,AFT] ! 
EXP]I5CES ( ! LA/ W> & ! HI/ORY S9CE !N1 !RE IS NO NE$ TO 
SE>* = ! BLACK %EEP ?AT CAUSES W>S1 NOR IS IT A SECRET ANY LONG] :Y 
W>S >E F\<T4 ,H[EV]1 TO POSE SU* QUE/IONS IS NOT /UPIDITY AS ONE MAY 
BELIEVE4 ,BEH9D ?IS APP>5T NAIVETE LIES ! DET]M9ATION TO 
S]VE CAPITALISM 9 ONE =M BY FI<T+ CAPITALISM 9 ANO!R4 ,IT S]VES TO 
PREP>E ! WORK]S = ! COM+ W>1 9 EX*ANGE = ! RI<T TO ORGANIZE 
9 LABOR ORGANIZATIONS1 VOTE 9 ELECTIONS1 & ASSEMBLE 9 =MATIONS :I* 
S]VE BO? CAPITAL & CAPITALI/IC LABOR ORGANIZATIONS4 ,IT IS ! OLD POLICY 
( ,KAUTSKY1 :I* DEM&S CONCESSIONS FROM ! B\RGEOISIE 9 EX*ANGE = 
MILLIONS ( DEAD WORK]S 9 ! COM+ CAPITALI/IC BATTLES4 ,9 REALITY1 JU/ 
AS ! W>S ( CAPITALISM1 REG>DLESS ( ! POLITICAL DIFF]5CES ( ! 
P>TICIPAT+ /ATES & ! V>I\S SLOGANS US$1 CAN ONLY BE W>S = 
CAPITALI/ PR(ITS & W>S AGA9/ ! WORK+ CLASS1 SO1 TOO1 ! W> 
EXCLUDES ! POSSIBILITY ( *OOS+ BETWE5 CONDITIONAL OR UNCONDITIONAL 
P>TICIPATION 9 ! W> BY ! WORK]S4 ,RA!R1 ! W>1 & EV5 ! P]IOD 
PREC$+ ! W>1 WILL BE M>K$ BY A G5]AL & COMPLETE MILIT>Y 
DICTATOR%IP 9 FASCI/ & ANTI-FASCI/ C\NTRIES ALIKE4 ,! W> WILL WIPE \T 
! LA/ DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! DEMOCRATIC & ! ANTI-DEMOCRATIC NATIONS4 
,& WORK]S WILL S]VE ,HITL] AS !Y S]V$ ! ,KAIS]2 !Y WILL S]VE 
,ROOSEVELT AS !Y S]V$ ,WILSON2 !Y WILL DIE = ,/AL9 AS !Y DI$ = ! 
,CZ>4 

,KAUTSKY WAS NOT DI/URB$ BY ! REALITY ( FASCISM1 S9CE = HIM1 
DEMOCRACY WAS ! NATURAL =M ( CAPITALISM4 ,! NEW SITUATION WAS ONLY A 
SICKNESS1 A TEMPOR>Y 9SANITY1 A ?+ ACTUALLY =EIGN TO CAPITALISM4 ,HE 
REALLY BELIEV$ 9 A W> = DEMOCRACY1 TO ALL[ CAPITALISM TO PROCE$ 9 ITS 
LOGICAL C\RSE T[>DS A REAL COMMONWEAL?4 ,& HIS #aicg PR$ICTIONS 
9CORPORAT$ S5T5CES LIKE ! FOLL[+3 0,! TIME HAS >RIV$ :]E IT 
IS F9ALLY POSSIBLE TO DO AWAY ) W>S AS A MEANS ( SOLV+ POLITICAL 
CONFLICTS BETWE5 ! /ATES40.<#b#f.> 
,OR1 0,! POLICY ( CONQUE/ ( ! ,JAPANESE 9 ,*9A1 ! ,ITALIANS 9 
,E?IOPIA1 IS A LA/ E*O ( A PASS+ TIME1 ! P]IOD ( IMP]IALISM4 ,MORE 
W>S ( SU* A *>ACT] CAN H>DLY BE EXPECT$40.<#b#g.> ,!RE >E HUNDR$S ( SIMIL> S5T5CES 9 
,KAUTSKY'S BOOK1 & IT SEEMS AT TIMES ?AT HIS :OLE WORLD MU/ HAVE 
CONSI/$ ( NO MORE ?AN ! F\R WALLS ( HIS LIBR>Y1 TO :I* HE NEGLECT$ 
TO ADD ! NEWE/ VOLUMES ON REC5T HI/ORY4 ,KAUTSKY IS CONV9C$ ?AT EV5 
)\T A W> FASCISM WILL BE DEFEAT$1 ! RISE ( DEMOCRACY RECUR1 & ! 
P]IOD RETURN = A PEACEFUL DEVELOPM5T T[>DS SOCIALISM1 LIKE ! P]IOD 9 
! DAYS BE=E FASCISM4 ,! ESS5TIAL WEAKNESS ( FASCISM HE ILLU/RAT$ ) 
! REM>K ?AT 0! P]SONAL *>ACT] ( ! DICTATOR%IPS 9DICATES 
ALREADY ?AT IT LIMITS ITS [N EXI/5CE TO ! L5G? ( A HUMAN LIFE40.<#b#h.> ,HE BELIEV$ ?AT AFT] FASCISM 
!RE W\LD BE ! RETURN TO ! 'NORMAL' LIFE ON AN 9CREAS+LY 
SOCIALI/IC AB/RACT DEMOCRACY TO CONT9UE ! RE=MS BEGUN 9 ! GLORI\S 
TIME ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC COALITION POLICY4 ,H[EV]1 IT IS OBVI\S N[ ?AT 
! ONLY CAPITALI/IC RE=M OBJECTIVELY POSSIBLE TODAY IS ! FASCI/IC 
RE=M4 ,& AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ! L>G] P>T ( ! 'SOCIALIZATION 
PROGRAM' ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 :I* IT NEV] D>$ TO PUT 9TO 
PRACTICE1 HAS MEAN:ILE BE5 REALIZ$ BY FASCISM4 ,JU/ AS ! DEM&S ( ! 
,G]MAN B\RGEOISIE W]E MET NOT 9 #ahdh BUT 9 ! 5SU+ P]IOD ( ! 
C\NT]-REVOLUTION1 SO1 TOO1 ! RE=M PROGRAM ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 
:I* IT C\LD NOT 9AUGURATE DUR+ ! TIME ( ITS [N REIGN1 WAS PUT 9TO 
PRACTICE BY ,HITL]4 ,?US1 TO M5TION JU/ A FEW FACTS1 NOT ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY 
BUT ,HITL] FULFILL$ ! LONG DESIRE ( ! SOCIALI/S1 ! ,ANS*LUSS ( 
,AU/RIA2 NOT SOCIAL DEMOCRACY BUT FASCISM E/ABLI%$ ! WI%$ -- = 
/ATE CONTROL ( 9DU/RY & BANK+2 NOT SOCIAL DEMOCRACY BUT ,HITL] DECL>$ 
! FIR/ ( ,MAY A LEGAL HOLIDAY4 ,A C>EFUL ANALYSIS ( :AT ! SOCIALI/S 
ACTUALLY WANT$ TO DO & NEV] DID1 COMP>$ ) ACTUAL POLICIES S9CE #a#i#c#c1 
WILL REVEAL TO ANY OBJECTIVE OBS]V] ?AT ,HITL] REALIZ$ NO MORE ?AN ! 
PROGRAM ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 BUT )\T ! SOCIALI/S4 ,LIKE ,HITL]1 ! 
SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & ,KAUTSKY W]E OPPOS$ TO BO? BOL%EVISM & COMMUNISM4 
,EV5 A COMPLETE /ATE-CAPITALI/ SY/EM AS ! ,RUSSIAN WAS REJECT$ BY BO? 9 
FAVOR ( M]E /ATE CONTROL4 ,& :AT IS NECESS>Y 9 ORD] TO REALIZE SU* A 
PROGRAM WAS NOT D>$ BY ! SOCIALI/S BUT UND]TAK5 BY ! FASCI/S4 ,! 
ANTI-FASCISM ( ,KAUTSKY ILLU/RAT$ NO MORE ?AN ! FACT ?AT JU/ AS HE ONCE 
C\LD NOT IMAG9E ?AT ,M>XI/ !ORY C\LD BE SUPPLEM5T$ BY A ,M>XI/ 
PRACTICE1 HE LAT] C\LD NOT SEE ?AT A CAPITALI/ RE=M POLICY DEM&$ A 
CAPITALI/ RE=M PRACTICE1 :I* TURN$ \T TO BE ! FASCI/ PRACTICE4 ,! 
LIFE ( ,KAUTSKY CAN TEA* ! WORK]S ?AT 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ FASCI/IC 
CAPITALISM IS NECESS>ILY 9CORPORAT$ ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ B\RGEOIS 
DEMOCRACY1 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,KAUTSKYISM4 ,! LIFE ( ,KAUTSKY CAN1 9 ALL 
TRU? & )\T MALICI\S 9T5T1 BE SUMM$ UP 9 ! WORDS3 ,FROM ,M>X TO 
,HITL]4 

,NOTES 

 #a ,D] 
,SOZIALI/IS*E ,KAMPF4 ,P>IS1 ,NOVEMB] #e1 #a#i#c#h1 P4#b#g#a4 

 #b ,K4 
,KAUTSKY1 ,AUS D] ,FRUHZEIT DES ,M>XISMUS4 ,PRAGUE1 #a#i#c#e1 P4#b4 

 #c 
,IBID41 P4#i#c4 

 #d 
,CAPITAL4 ,VOL ,I1 P4#f#g#g 7,K]R $474 

 #e ,DIE 
,9T]NATIONALE4 ,SPR+ #a#i#a#e4 

 #f ,! 
,LETT]S ( ,L594 ,LONDON #a#i#c#g1 P4#c#d#b4 

 #g ,! 
,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION4 

 #h ,K4 
,KAUTSKY1 ,SOZIALI/5 UND ,KRIEG4 ,PRAGUE1 #a#i#c#g1 P4#f#g#c4 

 #i ,AUS 
D] ,FRUHZEIT DES ,M>XISMUS1 P4#e4 

 #a 
,IBID41 P4#a#a#b4 

 #aa 
,IBID41 P4#a#e#e4 

 #ab 
,IBID41 P4#b#g#c4 

 #ac 
,NEUE ,ZEIT1 #a#i#b1 ,NO4 #e 

 #ad ,K4 
,KAUTSKY1 ,DIE ,MAT]IALI/IS*E ,GES*I*TSAUFFASSUNG4 ,B]L91 #a#i#b#g4 
,VOL4 ,I,I1 P4#f#b#c4 

 #ae ,! 
LIMITATIONS ( ,KAUTSKY'S ECONOMIC !ORIES & !IR TRANS=MATIONS 9 
! C\RSE ( HIS ACTIVITIES >E EXCELL5TLY DESCRIB$ & CRITICIZ$ BY ,H5RYK 
,GROSSMAN 9 HIS BOOK ,DAS ,AKKUMULATIONS- UND ,ZUSAMM5BRU*SGESETZ DES 
KAPITALI/IS*5 ,SY/EMS 7,LEIPZIG1 #a#i#b#i71 TO :I* ! 9T]E/$ READ] 
IS REF]R$4 

 #af ,K4 
,KAUTSKY1 ,DIE ,MAT]IALI/IS*E ,GES*I*TSAUFFASSUNG4 ,VOL4 ,I,I1 
P4#f#c4 

 #ag 
,IBID41 P4#f#b#i4 

 #ah 
,IBID41 P4#d#c#a4 

 #ai ,! 
READ] IS REF]R$ TO ,K>L ,KORS*'S EXT5SIVE CRITICISM ( 
,KAUTSKY'S WORK1 ,DIE ,MAT]IALI/IS*E ,GES*I*TSAUFFASSUNG4 ,E9E 
,AUSE9&]SETZUNG MIT ,K>L ,KAUTSKY4 ,LEIPZIG1 #a#i#b#i4 

 #b ,L4 
,TROTSKY1 ,DICTATOR%IP VS4 ,DEMOCRACY4 

 #ba 
,SOZIALI/5 UND ,KRIEG4 P4#f#f#e4 

 #bb ,K4 
,KORS*1 ,K>L ,M>X4 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#c#h1 P4#i#b4 ,SEE ALSO3 ,5GELS' 
,PREFACE TO ! ,G]MAN $ITION ( ,! ,POV]TY ( ,PHILOSOPHY1 #a#h#h#d2 
& TO ! SECOND VOLUME ( ,CAPITAL1 #a#h#i#e4 

 #bc ,AUS 
D] ,FRUHZEIT DES ,M>XISMUS1 P4 #a#d#e4 

 #bd 
,SOZIALI/5 UND ,KRIEG4 

 #be 
,IBID41 P4 ,V,I,I,I4 

 #bf 
,IBID41 P4#b#f#e4 

 #bg 
,IBID41 P4#f#e#f4 

 #bh 
,IBID41 P4#f#d#f4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #b1 #bba 3 ,K>L ,KAUTSKY -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,K>L ,KAUTSKY -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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