,*APT] #g ,MA*9]Y & ,MOD]N ,9DU/RY #ahgiahgi ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,C>LO ,CAFI]O ,TEXT 3 ,JOHN ,/U>T ,MILL1 9 HIS ,PR9CIPLES ( ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY1 SAYS3 0,HI!RTO .<#a#h#d#h.> IT IS QUE/IONABLE IF ALL ! ME*ANICAL 9V5TIONS YET MADE HAVE LI ,?IS WAS NOT !IR PURPOSE4 ,LIKE EV]Y O!R DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CE ( LABOR1 CAPITALI/ USE ( MA*9]Y DOES NOT T5D TO L[] ! PRICE ( COMMODITIES1 TO %ORT5 ! P>T ( ! DAY1 9 :I* ! WORK] LABORS = HIMSELF1 9 RELATION TO L5G!N+ ! O!R1 9 :I* HE WORKS ONLY = ! CAPITALI/4 ,IT IS A P>TICUL> ME?OD = MAK+ RELATIVE SURPLUS VALUE4 ,BUT :O IS IT ?AT EV] ?9KS ( ! WORK]8 ,IF ! CAPITALI/ LOOKS AFT] HIM1 IT IS ONLY TO /UDY A BETT] WAY ( EXPLOIT+ HIM4 ,! WORK] SELLS HIS LABOR P[]1 & ! CAPITALI/ BUYS IT1 AS ! ONLY COMMODITY ?AT1 ) ITS SURPLUS VALUE1 CAN 5ABLE HIM TO GIVE BIR? TO & GR[ CAPITAL4 ,! CAPITALI/1 !RE=E1 IS ONLY CONC]N$ ) MAK+ MORE SURPLUS VALUE4 ,AFT] HAV+ EXHAU/$ ! RES\RCES ( ABSOLUTE SURPLUS VALUE1 HE F\ND RELATIVE SURPLUS VALUE4 ,HE N[ SEES ?AT ) MA*9]Y ONE CAN OBTA9 9 ! SAME TIME A PRODUCT TWO TIMES1 F\R TIMES1 T5 TIMES1 ETC4 BIGG] ?AN BE=E2 & HE BEG9S TO USE MA*9]Y4 ,COOP]ATION1 MANUFACTUR+1 ?US TRANS=M 9TO MOD]N 9DU/RY & HIS WORK%OP 9TO A FACTORY4 ,?AT CAPITALI/1 AFT] HAV+ MUTILAT$ & CRIPPL$ ! WORK] ) ! DIVISION ( LABOR1 AFT] HAV+ LIMIT$ HIM TO ONLY ONE P>TIAL TASK1 MAKES US WAT* A SADD] %[ YET4 ,HE RIPS FROM ! H&S ( ! WORK] ?AT SPECIAL TOOL1 :I* /ILL REM9DS HIM ( HIS >T1 HIS OLD /ATUS ( A :OLE MAN1 & 5TRU/S HIM TO ! MA*9E4 ,FROM N[ ON ! CAPITALI/ HAS NO MORE NE$ = ! WORK]1 AS HE DOES A S]VANT ( HIS MA*9]Y4 ,) ! 9TRODUCTION ( MA*9]Y1 ! CAPITALI/ REALIZES AN 5ORM\S PR(IT AT FIR/1 ONE EASILY UND]/&S H[1 REMEMB]+ H[ MU* WE SAID AB\T RELATIVE SURPLUS VALUE4 ,H[EV] ) ! PROPAGATION ( ! ME*ANICAL SY/EM ( PRODUCTION1 ! EXTRAORD9>Y PR(IT CEASES1 & ONLY ! GR[? ( PRODUCTION REMA9S ?AT1 MADE G5]AL BY ! G5]ALIZATION ( MA*9]Y1 BEG9S TO L[] ! VALUE ( ! ?+S NECESS>Y TO ! WORK]1 ! NECESS>Y LABOR TIME1 & SAL>IES1 & TO 9CREASE OV]WORK & SURPLUS VALUE4 ,CAPITAL IS DIVID$ 9TO CON/ANT & V>IABLE4 ,CON/ANT CAPITAL IS ?AT :I* IS REPRES5T$ BY RAW MAT]IALS & ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,! BUILD+1 ! HEAT]S1 ! TOOLS1 ! AUXILI>Y MAT]IALS1 LIKE TALL[1 COAL1 OIL1 ETC41 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 LIKE IRON1 COTTON1 SILK1 SILV]1 WOOD1 ETC41 >E ALL ?+S ?AT MAKE UP P>TS ( CON/ANT CAPITAL4 ,V>IABLE CAPITAL IS ?AT :I* IS REPRES5T$ BY SAL>Y1 BY ! PRICE ?AT IS ( LABOR P[]4 ,! FIR/ IS CALL$ CON/ANT1 BECAUSE ITS VALUE REMA9S CON/ANT 9 ! VALUE ( ! COMMODITY1 ( :I* IT IS A PORTION2 :ILE ! SECOND IS CALL$ V>IABLE1 EXACTLY BECAUSE ITS VALUE GR[S COM+ 9 TO MAKE A PORTION ( ! VALUE ( ! COMMODITY4 ,IT IS ONLY V>IABLE CAPITAL ?AT CREATES SURPLUS VALUE2 & ! MA*9E ONLY MAKES UP A PORTION ( CON/ANT CAPITAL4 ,! CAPITALI/ AIMS1 9 MOD]N 9DU/RY1 TO PR(IT FROM AN 5ORM\S MASS ( PA/ LABOR1 9 ! SAME WAY ?AT HE W\LD PR(IT FROM A MASS ( NATURAL =CES1 IE = FREE4 ,TO BE ABLE TO REA* HIS GOAL1 H[EV]1 HE NE$S TO HAVE A COMPLETE ME*ANISM1 :I* WILL BE COMPOS$ ( MORE OR LESS EXP5SIVE MAT]IALS1 & WILL ALWAYS ABSORB A C]TA9 AM\NT ( WORK4 ,HE C]TA9LY DOES NOT HAVE TO BUY /EAM P[]1 OR ! DRIV+ PROP]TY ( WAT] OR ( AIR2 HE C]TA9LY DOES NOT HAVE TO BUY ME*ANICAL BREAK?R\Y MAT]IALS1 COAL1 TALL[1 ETC41 & 9 9V]SE PROPORTION ) ! VALUE ( ! COMMODITY4 ,?AT IS TO SAY ?AT ! MORE ONE WE>S \T A MA*9E ) ITS AUXILI>Y MAT]IALS 9 PRODUC+ A COMMODITY1 ! MORE IT TELLS !M ( ITS VALUE2 :ILE ! VALUE ( ! COMMODITY IS L>G]1 = :I* ! MA*9E WORKS1 ! PORTION ( VALUE ?AT COMES FROM ! CONSUMPTION ( ! MA*9E IS SMALL]4 0,S9CE . DAILY WE> & TE>1 ITS COAL-CONSUMPTION1 @&C41 >E SPREAD OV] ! /UP5D\S MASSES ( IRON HAMM]$ BY IT 9 A DAY1 ONLY A SMALL VALUE IS ADD$ TO A HUNDR$ WEIX1 ,CAPITAL1 VOL4 #a1 *4 #a#e1 SEC4 #b74 ,:51 = ! G5]ALIZATION ( ! SY/EM ( MOD]N 9DU/RY1 ! MA*9E CEASES TO BE A DIRECT S\RCE ( EXTRAORD9>Y WEAL? = ! CAPITALI/1 HE SUCCE$S 9 F9D+ MANY O!R WAYS1 ) :I* HE CAN CONT9UE TO GET V]Y L>GE AM\NTS ( RELATIVE SURPLUS VALUE FROM ?IS NEW WAY ( PRODUCTION4 0,9 SO F> AS MA*9]Y DISP5SES ) MUSCUL> P[]1 IT BECOMES A MEANS ( EMPLOY+ LABOR]S ( SLI /R5G?1 & ?OSE :OSE BODILY DEVELOPM5T IS 9COMPLETE1 BUT :OSE LIMBS >E ALL ! MORE SUPPLE4 ,! LABOR ( WOM5 & *ILDR5 WAS1 !RE=E1 ! FIR/ ?+ S\Y TO MA9TA9 ! 9DIVIDUAL ADULT LABOR]1 BUT ALSO BY ?AT NECESS>Y TO MA9TA9 HIS FAMILY4 ,MA*9]Y1 BY ?R[+ EV]Y MEMB] ( ?AT FAMILY ON TO ! LABOR-M>KET1 SPREADS ! VALUE ( ! MAN'S LABOR-P[] OV] HIS :OLE FAMILY4 ,IT ?US DEPRECIATES HIS LABOR-P[]4 ,TO PUR*ASE ! LABOR-P[] ( A FAMILY ( F\R WORK]S MAY1 P]HAPS1 CO/ MORE ?AN IT =M]LY DID TO PUR*ASE ! LABOR-P[] ( ! HEAD ( ! FAMILY1 BUT1 9 RETURN1 F\R DAYS' LABOR TAKES ! PLACE ( ONE1 & !IR PRICE FALLS 9 PROPORTION TO ! EXCESS ( ! SURPLUS-LABOR ( F\R OV] ! SURPLUS-LABOR ( ONE4 ,9 ORD] ?AT ! FAMILY MAY LIVE1 F\R PEOPLE MU/ N[1 NOT ONLY LABOR1 BUT EXP5D SURPLUS-LABOR = ! CAPITALI/4 ,?US WE SEE1 ?AT MA*9]Y1 :ILE AUGM5T+ ! HUMAN MAT]IAL ?AT =MS ! PR9CIPAL OBJECT ( CAPITAL'S EXPLOIT+ P[]1 AT ! SAME TIME RAISES ! DEGREE ( EXPLOITATION4 0,MA*9]Y ALSO REVOLUTIONIZES \T & \T ! CONTRACT BETWE5 ! LABOR] & ! CAPITALI/1 :I* =MALLY FIXES !IR MUTUAL RELATIONS4 ,TAK+ ! EX*ANGE ( COMMODITIES AS \R BASIS1 \R FIR/ ASSUMPTION WAS ?AT CAPITALI/ & LABOR] MET AS FREE P]SONS1 AS 9DEP5D5T [N]S ( COMMODITIES2 ! ONE POSSESS+ MONEY & MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 ! O!R LABOR-P[]4 ,BUT N[ ! CAPITALI/ BUYS *ILDR5 & Y\NG P]SONS UND] AGE4 ,PREVI\SLY1 ! WORKMAN SOLD HIS [N LABOR-P[]1 :I* HE DISPOS$ ( NOM9ALLY AS A FREE AG5T4 ,N[ HE SELLS WIFE & *ILD4 ,HE HAS BECOME A SLAVE-DEAL]0 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 VOL4 #a1 *4 #a#e1 SEC4 #c,A74 0,IF MA*9]Y BE ! MO/ P[]FUL MEANS = 9CREAS+ ! PRODUCTIV5ESS ( LABOR -- I4E41 = %ORT5+ ! WORK+-TIME REQUIR$ 9 ! PRODUCTION ( A COMMODITY1 IT BECOMES 9 ! H&S ( CAPITAL ! MO/ P[]FUL MEANS1 9 ?OSE 9DU/RIES FIR/ 9VAD$ BY IT1 = L5G!N+ ! WORK+-DAY BEYOND ALL B\NDS SET BY HUMAN NATURE 444 0,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 9 ! =M ( MA*9]Y1 ! IMPLEM5TS ( LABOR BECOME AUTOMATIC1 ?+S MOV+ & WORK+ 9DEP5D5T ( ! WORKMAN4 ,! AUTOMATON1 AS CAPITAL1 & BECAUSE IT IS CAPITAL1 IS 5D[$1 9 ! P]SON ( ! CAPITALI/1 ) 9TELLIG5CE & WILL2 IT IS !RE=E ANIMAT$ BY ! LONG+ TO R$UCE TO A M9IMUM ! RESI/ANCE (F]$ BY ?AT REPELL5T YET ELA/IC NATURAL B>RI]1 MAN4 ,?IS RESI/ANCE IS MOREOV] LESS5$ BY ! APP>5T LIACT] ( ! WOM5 & *ILDR5 EMPLOY$ ON IT 444 0,! MAT]IAL WE> & TE> ( A MA*9E IS ( TWO K9DS4 ,! ONE >ISES FROM USE1 AS CO9S WE> AWAY BY CIRCULAT+1 ! O!R FROM NONUSE1 AS A SWORD RU/S :5 LEFT 9 ITS SCABB>D4 ,! LATT] K9D IS DUE TO ! ELEM5TS4 ,! =M] IS MORE OR LESS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL1 ! LATT] TO A C]TA9 EXT5T 9V]SELY PROPORTIONAL1 TO ! USE ( ! MA*9E4 0,BUT 9 ADDITION TO ! MAT]IAL WE> & TE>1 A MA*9E ALSO UND]GOES1 :AT WE MAY CALL A MORAL DEPRECIATION4 ,IT LOSES EX*ANGE-VALUE1 EI!R BY MA*9ES ( ! SAME SORT BE+ PRODUC$ *EAP] ?AN IT1 OR BY BETT] MA*9ES 5T]+ 9TO COMPETITION ) IT0 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 VOL4 #a1 *4 #a#e1 SEC4 #c,B74 ,TO REPAIR ?IS DAMAGE1 ! CAPITALI/ FEELS ! NE$ TO MAKE ! MA*9E WORK AS MU* AS POSSIBLE1 & MO/ IMPORTANTLY BEG9S TO PROLONG DAILY LABOR1 9TRODUC+ NIRY \T LABOR1 ?AT SWIT* (F EV]Y TWELVE H\RS1 OR ?REE ?AT SWIT* (F EV]Y EIANCE ( MA*9]Y1 :5 ! CAPITALI/ IS 9 A GREAT RU% TO BE ABLE TO AMASS ! GREATE/ QUANTITY POSSIBLE ( EXTRAORD9>Y PR(IT1 ?AT SOON MU/ /OP = ! G5]ALIZATION ( ! MA*9]Y ITSELF4 ,! CAPITALI/1 !RE=E1 BREAKS D[N ALL OB/ACLES ( TIME ) ! MA*9]Y1 ALL ( ! LIMITS ( ! DAY ?AT W]E IMPOS$ ON LABOR 9 MANUFACTUR+4 ,& :5 HE IS JO9$ ) ! NATURAL LIMIT ( ! DAY1 TO ABSORB ?AT IS ALL ( ! #bd H\RS ( ! DAY1 HE F9DS ! WAY TO MAKE ( ONLY ONE DAY TWO1 ?REE1 F\R OR MORE DAYS1 9T5SIFY+ LABOR TWO1 ?REE1 F\R OR MORE TIMES4 ,9 FACT1 IF 9 ONE WORKDAY ONE F9DS A WAY ( MAK+ A WORK] C>RY \T TWO TIMES1 ?REE TIMES1 F\R TIMES1 ETC4 MORE LABOR ?AN BE=E1 IT'S CLE> ?AT ! OLD WORKDAY WILL CORRESPOND TO TWO1 ?REE1 F\R OR MORE WORKDAYS4 ,& ! CAPITALI/ F9DS ! WAY TO DO ?IS1 R5D]+1 AS WE HAVE ALREADY SAID1 LABOR MORE 9T5SE1 SQUEEZ+1 9 O!R WORDS1 9TO ONLY ONE DAY ! LABOR ( TWO1 ?REE1 F\R OR MORE DAYS4 ,IT IS ) MA*9]Y ?AT HE IS ABLE TO A*IEVE ?IS GOAL4 0,! IMPROVEM5TS 9 ! /EAM-5G9E HAVE 9CREAS$ ! PI/ON SPE$1 & AT ! SAME TIME HAVE MADE IT POSSIBLE1 BY MEANS ( A GREAT] ECONOMY ( P[]1 TO DRIVE ) ! SAME OR EV5 A SMALL] CONSUMPTION ( COAL MORE MA*9]Y ) ! SAME 5G9E4 ,! IMPROVEM5TS 9 ! TRANSMITT+ ME*ANISM HAVE LESS5$ FRICTION1 &1 :AT SO /RIK+LY DI/+UI%ES MOD]N FROM ! OLD] MA*9]Y1 HAVE R$UC$ ! DIAMET] & WEITS1 AS 9 SP9N+-MULES1 OR HAVE ADD$ TO ! SPE$ ( !SE WORK+ P>TS BY IMP]CEPTIBLE ALT]ATIONS ( DETAIL1 SU* AS ?OSE :I* T5 YE>S AGO 9CREAS$ ! SPE$ ( ! SP9DLES 9 SELF-ACT+ MULES BY ONE-FIF?4 0,! R$UCTION ( ! WORK+-DAY TO #ab H\RS DATES 9 ,5GL& FROM #a#h#c#b4 ,9 #ahcf A MANUFACTUR] /AT$3 ',! LABOR N[ UND]GONE 9 ! FACTORIES IS MU* GREAT] ?AN IT US$ TO BE 444 COMP>$ ) ?IRTY OR =TY YE>S AGO 444 [+ TO ! GREAT] ATT5TION & ACTIVITY REQUIR$ BY ! GREATLY 9CREAS$ SPE$ :I* IS GIV5 TO ! MA*9]Y4' 0,9 ! YE> #a#h#d#d1 ,LORD ,A%LEY1 N[ ,LORD ,%AFTESBURY1 MADE 9 ! ,H\SE ( ,COMMONS ! FOLL[+ /ATEM5TS1 SUPPORT$ BY DOCUM5T>Y EVID5CE3 ',! LABOR P]=M$ BY ?OSE 5GAG$ 9 ! PROCESSES ( MANUFACTURE1 IS ?REE TIMES AS GREAT AS 9 ! BEG9N+ ( SU* OP]ATIONS4 ,MA*9]Y HAS EXECUT$1 NO D\BT1 ! WORK ?AT W\LD DEM& ! S9EWS ( MILLIONS ( M52 BUT IT HAS ALSO PRODIGI\SLY MULTIPLI$ ! LABOR ( ?OSE :O >E GOV]N$ BY ITS FE>FUL MOVEM5TS'0 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 VOL4 #a1 *4 #a#e1 SEC4 #c,C74 0,SO F> AS DIVISION ( LABOR RE-APPE>S 9 ! FACTORY1 IT IS PRIM>ILY A DI/RIBUTION ( ! WORKM5 AMONG ! SPECIALIZ$ MA*9ES2 & ( MASSES ( WORKM51 NOT H[EV] ORGANIZ$ 9TO GR\PS1 AMONG ! V>I\S DEP>TM5TS ( ! FACTORY1 9 EA* ( :I* !Y WORK AT A NUMB] ( SIMIL> MA*9ES PLAC$ TOGE!R2 !IR COOP]ATION1 !RE=E1 IS ONLY SIMPLE4 ,! ORGANIZ$ GR\P1 PECULI> TO MANUFACTURE1 IS REPLAC$ BY ! CONNECTION BETWE5 ! HEAD WORKMAN & HIS FEW ASSI/ANTS4 ,! ESS5TIAL DIVISION IS1 9TO WORKM5 :O >E ACTUALLY EMPLOY$ ON ! MA*9ES 7AMONG :OM >E 9CLUD$ A FEW :O LOOK AFT] ! 5G9E71 & 9TO M]E ATT5DANTS 7ALMO/ EXCLUSIVELY *ILDR57 ( !SE WORKM54 ,AMONG ! ATT5DANTS >E RECKON$ MORE OR LESS ALL ',FE$]S' :O SUPPLY ! MA*9ES ) ! MAT]IAL TO BE WORK$4 ,9 ADDITION TO !SE TWO PR9CIPAL CLASSES1 !RE IS A NUM]ICALLY UNIMPORTANT CLASS ( P]SONS1 :OSE OCCUPATION IT IS TO LOOK AFT] ! :OLE ( ! MA*9]Y & REPAIR IT FROM TIME TO TIME2 SU* AS 5G9E]S1 ME*ANICS1 JO9]S1 @&C4 ,?IS IS A SUP]IOR CLASS ( WORKM51 SOME ( !M SCI5TIFICALLY $UCAT$1 O!RS BR\N TO ADAPT HIS [N MOVEM5TS TO ! UNI=M & UNCEAS+ MOTION ( AN AUTOMATON4 ,:5 ! MA*9]Y1 AS A :OLE1 =MS A SY/EM ( MANIFOLD MA*9ES1 WORK+ SIMULTANE\SLY & 9 CONC]T1 ! COOP]ATION BAS$ UPON IT1 REQUIRES ! DI/RIBUTION ( V>I\S GR\PS ( WORKM5 AMONG ! DIFF]5T K9DS ( MA*9ES4 ,BUT ! EMPLOYM5T ( MA*9]Y DOES AWAY ) ! NECESSITY ( CRY/ALLIZ+ ?IS DI/RIBUTION AFT] ! MANN] ( ,MANUFACTURE1 BY ! CON/ANT ANNEXATION ( A P>TICUL> MAN TO A P>TICUL> FUNCTION4 ,S9CE ! MOTION ( ! :OLE SY/EM DOES NOT PROCE$ FROM ! WORKMAN1 BUT FROM ! MA*9]Y1 A *ANGE ( P]SONS CAN TAKE PLACE AT ANY TIME )\T AN 9T]RUPTION ( ! WORK4 ,! MO/ /RIK+ PRO( ( ?IS IS AF=D$ BY ! RELAYS SY/EM1 PUT 9TO OP]ATION BY ! MANUFACTUR]S DUR+ !IR REVOLT FROM #a#h#d#h-#a#h#e4 ,LA/LY1 ! QUICKNESS ) :I* MA*9E WORK IS LE>N$ BY Y\NG PEOPLE1 DOES AWAY ) ! NECESSITY ( BR++ UP = EXCLUSIVE EMPLOYM5T BY MA*9]Y1 A SPECIAL CLASS ( OP]ATIVES4 ,) REG>D TO ! WORK ( ! M]E ATT5DANTS1 IT CAN1 TO SOME EXT5T1 BE REPLAC$ 9 ! MILL BY MA*9ES1 & [+ TO ITS EXTREME SIMPLICITY1 IT ALL[S ( A RAPID & CON/ANT *ANGE ( ! 9DIVIDUALS BURD5$ ) ?IS DRUDG]Y4 0,AL?\< !N1 TE*NICALLY SPEAK+1 ! OLD SY/EM ( DIVISION ( LABOR IS ?R[N OV]BO>D BY MA*9]Y1 IT HANGS ON 9 ! FACTORY1 AS A TRADITIONAL HABIT H&$ D[N FROM ,MANUFACTURE1 & IS AFT]W>DS SY/EMATICALLY RE-MOLD$ & E/ABLI%$ 9 A MORE HIDE\S =M BY CAPITAL1 AS A MEANS ( EXPLOIT+ LABOR-P[]4 ,! LIFE-LONG SPECIALTY ( H&L+ ONE & ! SAME TOOL1 N[ BECOMES ! LIFE-LONG SPECIALTY ( S]V+ ONE & ! SAME MA*9E4 ,MA*9]Y IS PUT TO A WRONG USE1 ) ! OBJECT ( TRANS=M+ ! WORKMAN1 FROM HIS V]Y *ILDHOOD1 9TO A P>T ( A DETAIL-MA*9E4 ,9 ?IS WAY1 NOT ONLY >E ! EXP5SES ( HIS REPRODUCTION CONSID]ABLY LESS5$1 BUT AT ! SAME TIME HIS HELPLESS DEP5D5CE UPON ! FACTORY AS A :OLE1 & !RE=E UPON ! CAPITALI/1 IS R5D]$ COMPLETE4 ,H]E AS EV]Y:]E ELSE1 WE MU/ DI/+UI% BETWE5 ! 9CREAS$ PRODUCTIV5ESS DUE TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! SOCIAL PROCESS ( PRODUCTION1 & ?AT DUE TO ! CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION ( ?AT PROCESS4 ,9 H&ICRAFTS & MANUFACTURE1 ! WORKMAN MAKES USE ( A TOOL1 9 ! FACTORY1 ! MA*9E MAKES USE ( HIM4 ,!RE ! MOVEM5TS ( ! 9/RUM5T ( LABOR PROCE$ FROM HIM1 H]E IT IS ! MOVEM5TS ( ! MA*9E ?AT HE MU/ FOLL[4 ,9 MANUFACTURE ! WORKM5 >E P>TS ( A LIV+ ME*ANISM4 ,9 ! FACTORY WE HAVE A LIFELESS ME*ANISM 9DEP5D5T ( ! WORKMAN1 :O BECOMES ITS M]E LIV+ APP5DAGE4 0',! MIS]ABLE R\T9E ( 5DLESS DRUDG]Y & TOIL 9 :I* ! SAME ME*ANICAL PROCESS IS GONE ?R\< OV] & OV] AGA91 IS LIKE ! LABOR ( ,SISYPHUS4 ,! BURD5 ( LABOR1 LIKE ! ROCK1 KEEPS EV] FALL+ BACK ON ! WORN-\T LABOR]' 7,FRI$RI* ,5GELS74 0,AT ! SAME TIME ?AT FACTORY WORK EXHAU/S ! N]V\S SY/EM TO ! UTT]MO/1 IT DOES AWAY ) ! MANY-SID$ PLAY ( ! MUSCLES1 & CONFISCATES EV]Y ATOM ( FRE$OM1 BO? 9 BODILY & 9TELLECTUAL ACTIVITY4 ,! LI AS IT IS NOT ONLY A LABOR-PROCESS1 BUT ALSO A PROCESS ( CREAT+ SURPLUS-VALUE1 HAS ?IS 9 COMMON1 ?AT IT IS NOT ! WORKMAN ?AT EMPLOYS ! 9/RUM5TS ( LABOR1 BUT ! 9/RUM5TS ( LABOR ?AT EMPLOY ! WORKMAN4 ,BUT IT IS ONLY 9 ! FACTORY SY/EM ?AT ?IS 9V]SION = ! FIR/ TIME ACQUIRES TE*NICAL & PALPABLE REALITY4 ,BY MEANS ( ITS CONV]SION 9TO AN AUTOMATON1 ! 9/RUM5T ( LABOR CONFRONTS ! LABOR]1 DUR+ ! LABOR-PROCESS1 9 ! %APE ( CAPITAL1 ( DEAD LABOR1 ?AT DOM9ATES1 & PUMPS DRY1 LIV+ LABOR-P[]4 ,! SEP>ATION ( ! 9TELLECTUAL P[]S ( PRODUCTION FROM ! MANUAL LABOR1 & ! CONV]SION ( ?OSE P[]S 9TO ! MIE EMBODI$ 9 ! FACTORY ME*ANISM &1 TOGE!R ) ?AT ME*ANISM1 CON/ITUTE ! P[] ( ! 'MA/]4' ,?IS 'MA/]1' !RE=E1 9 :OSE BRA9 ! MA*9]Y & HIS MONOPOLY ( IT >E 9SEP>ABLY UNIT$1 :5EV] HE FALLS \T ) HIS 'H&S1' CONTEMPTU\SLY TELLS !M3 0',! FACTORY OP]ATIVES %\LD KEEP 9 :OLESOME REMEMBRANCE ! FACT ?AT !IRS IS REALLY A L[ SPECIES ( SKILL$ LABOR2 & ?AT !RE IS NONE :I* IS MORE EASILY ACQUIR$1 OR ( ITS QUALITY MORE AMPLY REMUN]AT$1 OR :I* BY A %ORT TRA9+ ( ! LEA/ EXP]T CAN BE MORE QUICKLY1 AS WELL AS ABUNDANTLY1 ACQUIR$4444 ,! MA/]'S MA*9]Y REALLY PLAYS A F> MORE IMPORTANT P>T 9 ! BUS9ESS ( PRODUCTION ?AN ! LABOR & ! SKILL ( ! OP]ATIVE1 :I* SIX MON?S' $UCATION CAN TEA*1 & A COMMON LABOR] CAN LE>N' 7',! ,MA/] ,SP9N]S' & ,MANUFACTUR]S' ,DEF5SE ,FUND4 ,REPORT ( ! ,COMMITTEE'1 #a#h#e#d74 0,! TE*NICAL SUBORD9ATION ( ! WORKMAN TO ! UNI=M MOTION ( ! 9/RUM5TS ( LABOR1 & ! PECULI> COMPOSITION ( ! BODY ( WORKPEOPLE1 CONSI/+ AS IT DOES ( 9DIVIDUALS ( BO? SEXES & ( ALL AGES1 GIVE RISE TO A B>RACK DISCIPL9E1 :I* IS ELABORAT$ 9TO A COMPLETE SY/EM 9 ! FACTORY1 & :I* FULLY DEVELOPS ! BE=E M5TION$ LABOR ( OV]LOOK+1 !REBY DIVID+ ! WORKPEOPLE 9TO OP]ATIVES & OV]LOOK]S1 9TO PRIVATE SOLDI]S & S]GEANTS ( AN 9DU/RIAL >MY4 ',! MA9 DIFFICULTY .<9 ! AUTOMATIC FACTORY.> 444 LAY 444 ABOVE ALL 9 TRA9+ HUMAN BE+S TO R5\NCE !IR DESULTORY HABITS ( WORK1 & TO ID5TIFY !MSELVES ) ! UNV>Y+ REGUL>ITY ( ! COMPLEX AUTOMATON4 ,TO DEVISE & ADM9I/] A SUCCESSFUL CODE ( FACTORY DISCIPL9E1 SUIT$ TO ! NECESSITIES ( FACTORY DILIG5CE1 WAS ! ,H]CULEAN 5T]PRISE1 ! NOBLE A*IEVEM5T ( ,>KWRILY IMPOSSIBLE TO CONV]T P]SONS PA/ ! AGE ( PUB]TY1 9TO USEFUL FACTORY H&S' 7,&REW ,URE74 ,! FACTORY CODE 9 :I* CAPITAL =MULATES1 LIKE A PRIVATE LEGISLATOR1 & AT HIS [N GOOD WILL1 HIS AUTOCRACY OV] HIS WORKPEOPLE1 UNACCOMPANI$ BY ?AT DIVISION ( RESPONSIBILITY1 9 O!R MATT]S SO MU* APPROV$ ( BY ! B\RGEOISIE1 & UNACCOMPANI$ BY ! /ILL MORE APPROV$ REPRES5TATIVE SY/EM1 ?IS CODE IS BUT ! CAPITALI/IC C>ICATURE ( ?AT SOCIAL REGULATION ( ! LABOR-PROCESS :I* BECOMES REQUISITE 9 COOP]ATION ON A GREAT SCALE1 & 9 ! EMPLOYM5T 9 COMMON1 ( 9/RUM5TS ( LABOR & ESPECIALLY ( MA*9]Y4 ,! PLACE ( ! SLAVE-DRIV]'S LA% IS TAK5 BY ! OV]LOOK]'S BOOK ( P5ALTIES4 ,ALL PUNI%M5TS NATURALLY RESOLVE !MSELVES 9TO F9ES & D$UCTIONS FROM WAGES1 & ! LAW-GIV+ TAL5T ( ! FACTORY ,LYCURGUS SO >RANGES MATT]S1 ?AT A VIOLATION ( HIS LAWS IS1 IF POSSIBLE1 MORE PR(ITABLE TO HIM ?AN ! KEEP+ ( !M0 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 VOL4 #a1 *4 #a#e1 SEC4 #d74 0',! SLAV]Y 9 :I* ! B\RGEOISIE HAS B\ND ! PROLET>IAT1 COMES NO:]E MORE PLA9LY 9TO DAYLIT] ( A DAY'S WAGE4 ,HE MU/ EAT1 DR9K & SLEEP AT WORD ( COMM&4444 ,! DESPOTIC BELL CALLS HIM FROM HIS B$1 CALLS HIM FROM BREAKFA/ & D9N]4 ,& H[ DOES HE F>E 9 ! MILL8 ,!RE ! MA/] IS ! ABSOLUTE LAW-GIV]4 ,HE MAKES :AT REGULATIONS HE PLEASES2 HE ALT]S & MAKES ADDITIONS TO HIS CODE AT PLEASURE2 & IF HE 9S]T ! V]IE/ NONS5SE1 ! C\RTS SAY TO ! WORKMAN3 ,S9CE Y\ HAVE 5T]$ 9TO ?IS CONTRACT VOLUNT>ILY1 Y\ MU/ N[ C>RY IT \T 4444 ,!SE WORKM5 >E CONDEMN$ TO LIVE1 FROM !IR N9? YE> TILL !IR DEA?1 UND] ?IS M5TAL & BODILY TORTURE' 7,FRI$RI* ,5GELS74 ,:AT1 '! C\RTS SAY1' ,I WILL ILLU/RATE BY TWO EXAMPLES4 ,ONE OCCURS AT ,%EFFIELD AT ! 5D ( #a#h#f#f4 ,9 ?AT T[N A WORKMAN HAD 5GAG$ HIMSELF = #b YE>S 9 A /EELWORKS4 ,9 CONSEQU5CE ( A QU>REL ) HIS EMPLOY] HE LEFT ! WORKS1 & DECL>$ ?AT UND] NO CIRCUM/ANCES W\LD HE WORK = ?AT MA/] ANY MORE4 ,HE WAS PROSECUT$ = BREA* ( CONTRACT1 & CONDEMN$ TO TWO MON?S' IMPRISONM5T4 7,IF ! MA/] BREAK ! CONTRACT1 HE CAN BE PROCE$$ AGA9/ ONLY 9 A CIVIL ACTION1 & RISKS NO?+ BUT MONEY DAMAGES47 ,AFT] ! WORKMAN HAS S]V$ HIS TWO MON?S1 ! MA/] 9VITES HIM TO RETURN TO ! WORKS1 PURSUANT TO ! CONTRACT4 ,WORKMAN SAYS3 ,NO1 HE HAS ALREADY BE5 PUNI%$ = ! BREA*4 ,! MA/] PROSECUTES AGA91 ! C\RT CONDEMNS AGA91 AL?\< ONE ( ! JUDGES1 ,MR4 ,%EE1 PUBLICLY D5\NCES ?IS AS A LEGAL MON/ROSITY1 BY :I* A MAN CAN P]IODICALLY1 AS LONG AS HE LIVES1 BE PUNI%$ OV] & OV] AGA9 = ! SAME (F5SE OR CRIME4 ,?IS JUDGM5T WAS GIV5 NOT BY ! ',GREAT ,UNPAID1' ! PROV9CIAL ,DOGB]RIES1 BUT BY ONE ( ! HIE 9VOLV$1 ! WORK] 9 ,5GL& IS N[ PUT ON AN EQUAL FOOT+ ) ! EMPLOY] 9 CASE ( BREA* ( CONTRACT & CAN BE SU$ ONLY CIVILLY4 -- ,F4 ,E4.> ,! SECOND CASE OCCURS 9 ,WILT%IRE AT ! 5D ( ,NOVEMB] #a#h#f#c4 ,AB\T #c P[]-LOOM WEAV]S1 9 ! EMPLOYM5T ( ONE ,H>RUP1 A CLO? MANUFACTUR] AT ,LE[]'S ,MILL1 ,WE/BURY ,LEI<1 /RUCK WORK BECAUSE MA/] ,H>RUP 9DULG$ 9 ! AGREEABLE HABIT ( MAK+ D$UCTIONS FROM !IR WAGES = BE+ LATE 9 ! MORN+2 #fD4 = #b M9UTES2 #aS4 = #c M9UTES1 & #aS4 #fD4 = T5 M9UTES4 ,?IS IS AT ! RATE ( #iS4 P] H\R1 & ,G,B,P#d #aS4 D4 P] DIEM2 :ILE ! WAGES ( ! WEAV]S ON ! AV]AGE ( A YE>1 NEV] EXCE$$ #aS4 TO #a#bS4 WEEKLY4 ,H>RUP ALSO APPO9T$ A BOY TO ANN\NCE ! />T+ TIME BY A :I/LE1 :I* HE (T5 DID BE=E SIX O'CLOCK 9 ! MORN+3 & IF ! H&S W]E NOT ALL !RE AT ! MOM5T ! :I/LE CEAS$1 ! DOORS W]E CLOS$1 & ?OSE H&S :O W]E \TSIDE W]E F9$3 & AS !RE WAS NO CLOCK ON ! PREMISES1 ! UN=TUNATE H&S W]E AT ! M]CY ( ! Y\NG ,H>RUP-9SPIR$ TIME-KEEP]4 ,! H&S ON /RIKE1 MO!RS ( FAMILIES AS WELL AS GIRLS1 (F]$ TO RESUME WORK IF ! TIMEKEEP] W]E REPLAC$ BY A CLOCK1 & A MORE REASONABLE SCALE ( F9ES W]E 9TRODUC$4 ,H>RUP SUMMON$ ,I#i WOM5 & GIRLS BE=E ! MAGI/RATES = BREA* ( CONTRACT4 ,TO ! UTT] 9DIGNATION ( ALL PRES5T1 !Y W]E EA* MULCT$ 9 A F9E ( #fD4 & #bS4 #fD4 = CO/S4 ,H>RUP WAS FOLL[$ FROM ! C\RT BY A CR[D ( PEOPLE :O HISS$ HIM0 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 VOL4 #a1 *4 #a#e1 FN4 #a#h74 0,! CONTE/ BETWE5 ! CAPITALI/ & ! WAGE-LABOR] DATES BACK TO ! V]Y ORIG9 ( CAPITAL4 ,IT RAG$ ON ?R\<\T ! :OLE MANUFACTUR+ P]IOD4 ,BUT ONLY S9CE ! 9TRODUCTION ( MA*9]Y HAS ! WORKMAN F\TICUL> =M ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 AS BE+ ! MAT]IAL BASIS ( ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION4 0,9 ! #a#g? C5TURY NE>LY ALL ,EUROPE EXP]I5C$ REVOLTS ( ! WORKPEOPLE AGA9/ ! RIBBON-LOOM1 A MA*9E = WEAV+ RIBBONS & TRIMM+S1 CALL$ 9 ,G]MANY ,B&MUHLE1 ,S*NURMUHLE1 & ,MUHL5/UHL4 ,!SE MA*9ES W]E 9V5T$ 9 ,G]MANY4 ,ABBE ,LANCELLOTTI1 9 A WORK ?AT APPE>$ 9 ,V5ICE 9 #a#f#c#f1 BUT :I* WAS WRITT5 9 #a#e#g#i1 SAYS AS FOLL[S3 0',AN?ONY ,MULL] ( ,DANZIG SAW AB\T #e YE>S AGO 9 ?AT T[N1 A V]Y +5I\S MA*9E1 :I* WEAVES #d TO #f PIECES AT ONCE4 ,BUT ! ,MAYOR BE+ APPREH5SIVE ?AT ?IS 9V5TION MIGE NUMB] ( WORKM5 ON ! /REETS1 CAUS$ ! 9V5TOR TO BE SECRETLY /RANGL$ OR DR[N$4' 0,9 ,LEYD51 ?IS MA*9E WAS NOT US$ TILL #a#f#b#i2 !RE ! RIOTS ( ! RIBBON-WEAV]S AT L5G? COMPELL$ ! ,T[N ,C\NCIL TO PROHIBIT IT4 0',9 ?IS T[N10 SAYS ,BOXHORN 7,9/4 ,POL41 #a#f#f#c71 REF]R+ TO ! 9TRODUCTION ( ?IS MA*9E 9TO ,LEYD51 0AB\T TW5TY YE>S AGO C]TA9 PEOPLE 9V5T$ AN 9/RUM5T = WEAV+1 ) :I* A S+LE P]SON C\LD WEAVE MORE CLO?1 & MORE EASILY1 ?AN MANY O!RS 9 ! SAME L5G? ( TIME4 ,AS A RESULT !RE >OSE DI/URBANCES & COMPLA9TS FROM ! WEAV]S1 UNTIL ! ,T[N ,C\NCIL F9ALLY PROHIBIT$ ! USE ( ?IS 9/RUM5T4' 0,AFT] MAK+ V>I\S DECREES MORE OR LESS PROHIBITIVE AGA9/ ?IS LOOM 9 #a#f#c#b1 #a#f#c#i1 @&C41 ! ,/ATES ,G5]AL ( ,HOLL& AT L5G? P]MITT$ IT TO BE US$1 UND] C]TA9 CONDITIONS1 BY ! DECREE ( ! #a#e? ,DECEMB]1 #a#f#f#a4 ,IT WAS ALSO PROHIBIT$ 9 ,COLOGNE 9 #a#f#g#f1 AT ! SAME TIME ?AT ITS 9TRODUCTION 9TO ,5GL& WAS CAUS+ DI/URBANCES AMONG ! WORKPEOPLE4 ,BY AN IMP]IAL ,$ICT ( #a#i? ,FEB41 #a#f#h#e1 ITS USE WAS =BIDD5 ?R\<\T ALL ,G]MANY4 ,9 ,HAMBURG IT WAS BURNT 9 PUBLIC BY ORD] ( ! ,S5ATE4 ,! ,EMP]OR ,*>LES ,V,I41 ON #i? ,FEB41 #a#g#a#i1 R5EW$ ! $ICT ( #a#f#h#e1 & NOT TILL #agfe WAS ITS USE OP5LY ALL[$ 9 ! ,ELECTORATE ( ,SAXONY4 ,?IS MA*9E1 :I* %OOK ,EUROPE TO ITS F\NDATIONS1 WAS 9 FACT ! PRECURSOR ( ! MULE & ! P[]-LOOM1 & ( ! 9DU/RIAL REVOLUTION ( ! #a#h? C5TURY4 ,IT 5ABL$ A TOTALLY 9EXP]I5C$ BOY1 TO SET ! :OLE LOOM ) ALL ITS %UTTLES 9 MOTION1 BY SIMPLY MOV+ A ROD BACKW>DS & =W>DS1 & 9 ITS IMPROV$ =M PRODUC$ FROM #d TO #e PIECES AT ONCE4 0,AB\T #a#f#c1 A W9D-SAWMILL1 ]ECT$ NE> ,LONDON BY A ,DUT*MAN1 SUCCUMB$ TO ! EXCESSES ( ! POPULACE4 ,EV5 AS LATE AS ! BEG9N+ ( ! #a#h? C5TURY1 SAWMILLS DRIV5 BY WAT] OV]CAME ! OPPOSITION ( ! PEOPLE1 SUPPORT$ AS IT WAS BY ,P>LIAM5T1 ONLY ) GREAT DIFFICULTY4 ,NO SOON] HAD ,EV]ET 9 #ageh ]ECT$ ! FIR/ WOOL-%E>+ MA*9E ?AT WAS DRIV5 BY WAT]-P[]1 ?AN IT WAS SET ON FIRE BY #a1 PEOPLE :O HAD BE5 ?R[N \T ( WORK4 ,FIFTY ?\S& WORKPEOPLE1 :O HAD PREVI\SLY LIV$ BY C>D+ WOOL1 PETITION$ ,P>LIAM5T AGA9/ ,>KWRID+ 5G9ES4 ,! 5ORM\S DE/RUCTION ( MA*9]Y ?AT OCCURR$ 9 ! ,5GLI% MANUFACTUR+ DI/RICTS DUR+ ! FIR/ #ae YE>S ( ?IS C5TURY1 *IEFLY CAUS$ BY ! EMPLOYM5T ( ! P[]-LOOM1 & KN[N AS ! ,LUDDITE MOVEM5T1 GAVE ! ANTI-,JACOB9 GOV]NM5TS ( A ,SIDM\?1 A ,CA/L]EA<1 & ! LIKE1 A PRETEXT = ! MO/ REACTION>Y & =CIBLE MEASURES4 ,IT TOOK BO? TIME & EXP]I5CE BE=E ! WORKPEOPLE LE>N$ TO DI/+UI% BETWE5 MA*9]Y & ITS EMPLOYM5T BY CAPITAL1 & TO DIRECT !IR ATTACKS1 NOT AGA9/ ! MAT]IAL 9/RUM5TS ( PRODUCTION1 BUT AGA9/ ! MODE 9 :I* !Y >E US$0 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 VOL4 #a1 *4 #a1 SEC4 #e74 ,H]E1 !RE=E1 >E ! RESULTS ( MA*9]Y & MOD]N 9DU/RY = ! WORK]S4 ,!SE >E1 =EMO/1 DRIV5 9 L>GE P>T BY FACTORIES1 9 :I* ! MA*9E HAS TAK5 ITS PLACE4 ,! FEW PEOPLE :O REMA9 MU/ SUFF] ! HUMILIATION ( SEE+ ! LA/ 9/RUM5T ( LABOR SNAT*$ FROM !IR H& & BE+ R$UC$ TO ! CONDITION ( S]VANTS ( MA*9]Y2 !Y MU/ BE> ! BURD5 ( AN EXTRAORD9>ILY GR[N WORKDAY2 ! MU/ R5\NCE !IR WIVES & *ILDR51 HAV+ BECOME ! SLAVES ( CAPITAL2 & !Y MU/ SUFF]1 F9ALLY1 ! 9DESCRIBABLE SPASMS1 PRODUCTS ( ! TORTURE ( LABOR PROGRESSIVELY 9T5SIFI$ BY ! MAD LU/1 BY :I* ! CAPITALI/ IS TAK5 9 ! P]IOD ( MOD]N 9DU/RY1 = SURPLUS VALUE4 ,BUT ! !OLOGIANS ( ! GOD ( CAPITAL >5'T LACK+1 :O EXPLA9 ALL1 & JU/IFY ALL ) !IR ET]NAL LAWS4 ,TO ! DESP]ATE CRY ( ! WORK]S HUNG]$ BY MA*9]Y1 !Y RESPOND ) ! ANN\NCEM5T ( A F>FET*$ LAW ( COMP5SATION4 0,JAMES ,MILL1 ,MAC,CULLO*1 ,TORR5S1 ,S5IOR1 ,JOHN ,/U>T ,MILL1 & A :OLE S]IES BESIDES1 ( B\RGEOIS POLITICAL ECONOMI/S1 9SI/ ?AT ALL MA*9]Y ?AT DISPLACES WORKM51 SIMULTANE\SLY & NECESS>ILY SETS FREE AN AM\NT ( CAPITAL ADEQUATE TO EMPLOY ! SAME ID5TICAL WORKM54 0,SUPPOSE A CAPITALI/ TO EMPLOY #a WORKM51 AT ,G,B,P#c A YE> EA*1 9 A C>PET FACTORY4 ,! V>IABLE CAPITAL ANNUALLY LAID \T AM\NTS1 !RE=E1 TO ,G,B,P#c14 ,SUPPOSE1 ALSO1 ?AT HE DIS*>GES #e ( HIS WORKM51 & EMPLOYS ! REMA9+ #e ) MA*9]Y ?AT CO/S HIM ,G,B,P#a1#e4 ,TO SIMPLIFY MATT]S1 WE TAKE NO ACC\NT ( BUILD+S1 COAL1 @&C4 ,FUR!R SUPPOSE ?AT ! RAW MAT]IAL ANNUALLY CONSUM$ CO/S ,G,B,P#c11 BO? BE=E & AFT] ! *ANGE4 ,IS ANY CAPITAL SET FREE BY ?IS METAMORPHOSIS8 ,BE=E ! *ANGE1 ! TOTAL SUM ( ,G,B,P#f1 CONSI/$ HALF ( CON/ANT1 & HALF ( V>IABLE CAPITAL4 ,AFT] ! *ANGE IT CONSI/S ( ,G,B,P#d1#e CON/ANT 7 ,G,B,P#c1 RAW MAT]IAL & ,G,B,P#a1#e MA*9]Y71 & ,G,B,P#a1#e V>IABLE CAPITAL4 ,! V>IABLE CAPITAL1 9/EAD ( BE+ ONE HALF1 IS ONLY ONE QU>T]1 ( ! TOTAL CAPITAL4 ,9/EAD ( BE+ SET FREE1 A P>T ( ! CAPITAL IS H]E LOCK$ UP 9 SU* A WAY AS TO CEASE TO BE EX*ANG$ AGA9/ LABOR-P[]3 V>IABLE HAS BE5 *ANG$ 9TO CON/ANT CAPITAL4 ,O!R ?+S REMA9+ UN*ANG$1 ! CAPITAL ( ,G,B,P#f11 CAN1 9 FUTURE1 EMPLOY NO MORE ?AN #e M54 ,) EA* IMPROVEM5T 9 ! MA*9]Y1 IT WILL EMPLOY FEW]4 ,IF ! NEWLY 9TRODUC$ MA*9]Y HAD CO/ LESS ?AN DID ! LABOR-P[] & IMPLEM5TS DISPLAC$ BY IT1 IF1 = 9/ANCE1 9/EAD ( CO/+ ,G,B,P#a1#e1 IT HAD CO/ ONLY ,G,B,P#a11 A V>IABLE CAPITAL ( ,G,B,P#a1 W\LD HAVE BE5 CONV]T$ 9TO CON/ANT CAPITAL1 & LOCK$ UP2 & A CAPITAL ( ,G,B,P#e W\LD HAVE BE5 SET FREE4 ,! LATT] SUM1 SUPPOS+ WAGES UN*ANG$1 W\LD =M A FUND SUFFICI5T TO EMPLOY AB\T #af \T ( ! #e M5 DIS*>G$2 NAY1 LESS ?AN #a#f1 =1 9 ORD] TO BE EMPLOY$ AS CAPITAL1 A P>T ( ?IS ,G,B,P#e MU/ N[ BECOME CON/ANT CAPITAL1 ?US LEAV+ ONLY ! REMA9D] TO BE LAID \T 9 LABOR-P[]4 0,BUT1 SUPPOSE1 BESIDES1 ?AT ! MAK+ ( ! NEW MA*9]Y AF=DS EMPLOYM5T TO A GREAT] NUMB] ( ME*ANICS1 CAN ?AT BE CALL$ COMP5SATION TO ! C>PET-MAK]S1 ?R[N ON ! /REETS8 ,AT ! BE/1 ITS CON/RUCTION EMPLOYS FEW] M5 ?AN ITS EMPLOYM5T DISPLACES4 ,! SUM ( ,G,B,P#a1#e ?AT =M]LY REPRES5T$ ! WAGES ( ! DIS*>G$ C>PET-MAK]S1 N[ REPRES5TS 9 ! %APE ( MA*9]Y3 7#a7 ! VALUE ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION US$ 9 ! CON/RUCTION ( ?AT MA*9]Y1 7#b7 ! WAGES ( ! ME*ANICS EMPLOY$ 9 ITS CON/RUCTION1 & 7#c7 ! SURPLUS-VALUE FALL+ TO ! %>E ( !IR 0MA/]40 ,FUR!R1 ! MA*9]Y NE$ NOT BE R5EW$ TILL IT IS WORN \T4 ,H5CE1 9 ORD] TO KEEP ! 9CREAS$ NUMB] ( ME*ANICS 9 CON/ANT EMPLOYM5T1 ONE C>PET MANUFACTUR] AFT] ANO!R MU/ DISPLACE WORKM5 BY MA*9ES4 0,AS A MATT] ( FACT ! APOLOGI/S DO NOT MEAN ?IS SORT ( SETT+ FREE4 0,!Y HAVE 9 !IR M9DS ! MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE ( ! LIB]AT$ WORK-PEOPLE4 ,IT CANNOT BE D5I$1 9 ! ABOVE 9/ANCE1 ?AT ! MA*9]Y NOT ONLY LIB]ATES #e M51 ?US PLAC+ !M AT O!RS' DISPOSAL1 BUT1 AT ! SAME TIME1 IT )DRAWS FROM !IR CONSUMPTION1 & SETS FREE1 MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE TO ! VALUE ( ,G,B,P#a1#e4 ,! SIMPLE FACT1 BY NO MEANS A NEW ONE1 ?AT MA*9]Y CUTS (F ! WORKM5 FROM !IR MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE IS1 !RE=E1 9 ECONOMIC P>LANCE TANTAM\NT TO ?IS1 ?AT MA*9]Y LIB]ATES MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE = ! WORKMAN1 OR CONV]TS ?OSE MEANS 9TO CAPITAL = HIS EMPLOYM5T4 ,! MODE ( EXPRESSION1 Y\ SEE1 IS EV]Y?+4 ,NOM9IBUS MOLLIRE LICET MALA 7,IT'S LAWFUL TO HIDE EVIL ) WORDS70 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL1 VOL4 #a1 *4 #a#e1 SEC4 #f74 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #c1 #ah< 3 ,*APT] #g -- ,PUBLICATION4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/