,KURDI% ,COMMUNALISM 

#baa 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,JANET ,BIEHL 

,TEXT 3 

,DUR+ ! PA/ FIVE YE>S1 ! ,KURDS ( S\!A/]N ,TURKEY HAVE BUILT COMMUNALI/ 9/ITUTIONS ON A SCALE UNPREC$5T$ 9 ! WORLD4 ,E>LI] ?IS YE>1 90,HASANKEYF3 ,A ,/ORY ( ,RESI/ANCE10 ,I DESCRIB$ ! LONG-T]M ,KURDI% RESI/ANCE TO A MASSIVE HYDROELECTRIC DAM PROJECT1 COORD9AT$ BY #c#f-YE>-OLD ,]CAN ,AYBOGA4 

,AFT] ! >TICLE WAS PUBLI%$1 ,]CAN 7PRON\NC$ ,A,I,R-JOHN7 WANT$ TO REA* \T TO COMMUNALI/S 9 O!R P>TS ( ! WORLD1 & MAKE ! ,KURDI% A*IEVEM5T 9 ASSEMBLY DEMOCRACY KN[N TO !M1 SO WE AGRE$ ON AN 9T]VIEW4 ,WE BEGAN \R CONV]SATION ! BY E-MAIL4 ,!N 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 ,I VISIT$ ,DIY>BAKIR = ! ,MESOPOTAMIAN ,SOCIAL ,=UM1 & ON A SUNNY DAY 9 ,SUM] ,P>K1 WE SAT D[N & CONT9U$ ! 9T]VIEW4 ,HIS CALM DET]M9ATION & CLE>HEAD$NESS1 W]E IMPRESSIVE TO ME4 ,SO WAS ! CLE> RESOLVE ( ! ,KURDI% PEOPLE TO CONT9UE !IR FI<T = 0DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY10 EV5 UND] CONDITIONS ( P]SECUTION4 

,! W> BETWE5 ! ,TURKI% /ATE & ! ,P,K,K GU]RILLAS1 :I* BEGAN 9 #a#i#h#d1 CONT9UES TO ?IS DAY4 ,! ,TURKI% /ATE R\T9ELY DEMONIZES ,KURDI% FRE$OM ACTIVI/S AS 0T]RORI/S0 BY ASSOCIAT+ !M ) ! ,P,K,K4 ,TRAGICALLY1 ! PRESS ( ,TURKEY'S ,N,A,T,O ALLIES IS SIL5T1 AT BE/1 NOT ONLY ON ! CONFLICT BUT ON ! CRIM9ALIZATION ( ,KURDI% POLITICAL ACTIVITY4 ,! SIL5CE1 9 MY VIEW1 MU/ BE BROK51 & ! REM>KABLE ,KURDI% A*IEVEM5T MADE KN[N TO ! WORLD4 

--,]CAN1 :AT IS Y\R BACKGR\ND8 ,:]E DO Y\ LIVE1 & :AT IS Y\R JOB8 

--,>\ND =TY YE>S AGO MY P>5TS EMIGRAT$ FROM ,TURKI% ,KURDI/AN TO ,G]MANY BECAUSE ( ! BAD ECONOMIC SITUATION 9 !IR HOMEL&4 ,SO ,I GREW UP 9 ,G]MANY1 BUT \R CONNECTION ) ,KURDI/AN NEV] CEAS$1 AS WE VISIT$ EV]Y TWO YE>S4 ,LET'S SAY ?AT ,I HAVE TWO 0ID5TITIES10 :I* ,I REG>D AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO KN[ WELL BO? A ,WE/]N & AN ,EA/]N SOCIETY4 ,S9CE AGE SIXTE51 ,I HAVE BE5 CONT9U\SLY POLITICALLY ACTIVE 9 DIFF]5T LEFTI/ ,G]MAN & ,KURDI% ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! MA9 TWO >5AS = MY 5GAGEM5T >E ! FRE$OM /RUGGLE ( ! ,KURDI% PEOPLE1 :I* />T$ 9 ! #a#i#hS1 & LEFT ORGANIZATIONS ?AT OPPOSE W>1 DISCRIM9ATION AGA9/ MIGRANTS1 & ! MI/REATM5T ( WORK]S 9 BO? ,G]MANY & ,TURKEY4 

,AFT] COMPLET+ MY /UDIES 9 CIVIL 5G9E]+ & HYDROLOGY1 ,I WORK$ = MORE ?AN TWO YE>S 9 ! MUNICIPALITY ( ! L>GE/ CITY ( ,TURKI% ,KURDI/AN1 CALL$ ,DIY>BAKIR 79 ,KURDI%3 ,AM$74 ,BETWE5 ! FALL ( #bd & ! BEG9N+ ( #b#g1 ,I WAS HEAVILY 9VOLV$ 9 E/ABLI%+ A CAMPAIGN TO OPPOSE ! L>GE ,ILISU ,DAM ,PROJECT ON ! ,TIGRIS ,RIV]1 :I* W\LD HAVE GRAVE SOCIAL1 CULTURAL1 ECOLOGICAL1 & POLITICAL IMPACTS ON MANY1 MANY PEOPLE4 ,S9CE #bg ,I WORK$ 9 ?IS CAMPAIGN1 CALL$ ! ,9ITIATIVE TO ,KEEP ,HASANKEYF ,ALIVE1 AS 9T]NATIONAL COORD9ATOR ALSO FROM ,G]MANY1 BUT SP5T TWO TO ?REE MON?S ANNUALLY 9 ,KURDI/AN4 ,! ,9ITIATIVE HAS AS ITS OBJECTIVE1 NOT ONLY TO SEE ! CANCELLATION ( ! ,ILISU PROJECT1 BUT TO BUILD UP A COALITION ( DAM-CRITICAL & WAT]-ISSUE MOVEM5TS 9 ! ,REPUBLIC ( ,TURKEY4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ,I BEGAN A ,PH4,D4 ON RIV] RE/ORATION4 

--,IS ,TURKI% ,KURDI/AN A VILLAGE SOCIETY8 ,H[ MU* IS IT 9DU/RIALIZ$8 

--,KURDI/AN IS NO LONG] A CLASSIC VILLAGE SOCIETY4 ,9 ! #a#i#fS1 ! ,TURKI% /ATE 9TRODUC$ ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY 9TO ,TURKI% ,KURDI/AN1 & AN 9DU/RIALIZATION PROCESS LIKE ?AT ( ,EUROPE OR ,NOR? ,AM]ICA IS UND] WAY1 ALBEIT 9 SMALL] /EPS4 ,BUT ! FEUDAL ELEM5TS >E /ILL /RONG 9 HALF ( ! PROV9CES1 & 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM IS /ILL LESS DOM9ANT 9 ,KURDI/AN ?AN 9 ! ,WE/]N ,TURKI% PROV9CES4 

,TURKI% T]RITORY DOESN'T HAVE MU* OIL1 BUT ALL ! OIL IT DOES HAVE LIES 9 ,KURDI/AN4 ,! BIG FIVE HYDROELECTRIC P[] PLANTS ON ! ,EUPHRATES ,RIV] 9 ,KURDI/AN PRODUCE AN IMPORTANT P>T ( ! C\NTRY'S ELECTRICITY4 ,BUT ! LOCAL POPULATION DOESN'T B5EFIT MU* ECONOMICALLY4 

,! FIR/ AGRICULTURE 9 HUMAN HI/ORY WAS DEVELOP$ H]E4 ,AGRICULTURE REMA9S ! MA9 S\RCE ( 9COME1 AS F>M]S TILL ! SOIL 9 SUBSI/5CE F>M+4 ,BUT N[ ,TURKEY'S GREATE/ COTTON PRODUCTION ALSO HAPP5S H]E1 & MO/ ( ! H>D :EAT 7US$ = PA/A7 COMES FROM ,KURDI/AN4 ,UP TO ! #a#i#iS1 ANIMAL HUSB&RY WAS A SIGNIFICANT P>T ( ! ECONOMY1 BUT ! W> BETWE5 ! ,TURKI% ,>MY & ! ,P,K,K 7,KURDI/AN ,WORK]S ,P>TY7 GU]RILLAS DE/ROY$ MO/ ( IT4 ,:ILE ,TURKEY ONCE EXPORT$ MEAT1 = ! PA/ YE>S IT HAS IMPORT$ MEAT4 

,! PA/ TW5TY YE>S HAVE SE5 AN 5ORM\S %IFT4 ,9 ! >M$ CONFLICT1 ! ,TURKI% ,>MY DE/ROY$ #d1 VILLAGES & =CIBLY DISPLAC$ AT LEA/ TWO MILLION PEOPLE4 ,TODAY >\ND HALF ( ,TURKEY'S ,KURDS NO LONG] LIVE 9 ,KURDI/AN4 ,BECAUSE ( ! W>1 & = ECONOMIC REASONS1 !Y HAVE MOV$ TO ,I/ANBUL & O!R CITIES4 ,! ,KURDI% CITIES1 LIKE ,DIY>BAKIR1 HAVE GR[N FA/ 7HALF ( ! PEOPLE LIVE 9 CITIES N[71 & A L>GE1 IMPOV]I%$ LUMP5PROLET>IAT HAS DEVELOP$4 

,! EA/]N TWO-?IRDS ( ! MA9LY ,KURDI%-POPULAT$ PROV9CES >E ! POORE/ 9 ! ,REPUBLIC ( ,TURKEY4 ,?REE PROV9CES 9 WE/]N ,TURKI% ,KURDI/AN1 :]E ! FRE$OM /RUGGLE IS NOT SO /RONG & ! W>TIME DE/RUCTION WAS LIMIT$1 >E AN EXCEPTION4 

,ACCORD+ TO REC5T /ATI/ICS1 ,KURDS CON/ITUTE ALMO/ HALF ( ! ,TURKI% WORK+ CLASS4 ,!Y WORK MA9LY 9 ! WOR/-PAID SECTORS ( ! ECONOMY1 LIKE CON/RUCTION1 RE/AURANTS1 T\RISM1 & TEXTILE4 ,!Y >E NOT WELL ORGANIZ$ AS WORK]S & >E NOT /RONG 9 ! BIG LABOR UNIONS4 

,9 REC5T YE>S M9+ IS ON ! RISE 9 ,TURKI% ,KURDI/AN4 ,L>GE 9T]NATIONAL COMPANIES >E 9T]E/$ 9 *ROMIUM1 COAL1 & GOLD4 ,AS ! MO/ T]RITORY IS M\NTA9\S1 9T5SIVE M9+ EXPLOITATION W\LD NEGATIVELY AFFECT BO? ! POPULATION & NATURE4 

--,:AT EFFECT HAS ! M\NTA9\S T]RA9 HAD HI/ORICALLY8 

--,! M\NTA9S ( ,KURDI/AN--! ,EA/]N ,TOROS & ! ,NOR!RN ,ZAGROS1 RA9Y1 P>TLY =E/$--HAVE HI/ORICALLY %AP$ ,KURDS' *>ACT]1 MAK+ !M REBELLI\S1 ROBU/1 & /UBBORN4 ,CONSID]+ ?AT ! ,KURDS HAVE NEV] HAD !IR 0[N0 /RONG /ATE BUT 9/EAD HAVE >RANG$ !MSELVES )9 ! DOM9ANT /ATES ( O!RS 7,TURKS1 ,>ABS1 ,P]SIANS71 WE CAN SAY ?AT M\NTA9S >E A PR9CIPAL REASON :Y ,KURDI% CULTURE HAS SURVIV$4 

,?AT IS ESPECIALLY TRUE 9 ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 :5 REPRESSION & EF=TS AT ASSIMILATION BECAME SY/EMATIC4 ,/>T+ 9 ! #a#i#fS & #a#i#gS1 ,KURDS BAS$ 9 ! M\NTA9S WAG$ CLASSIC GU]RILLA >M$ /RUGGLES AGA9/ ! ,IRAQI1 ,TURKI% & ,IRANIAN /ATES 79 ! SMALLE/ P>T ( ,KURDI/AN1 9 ,SYRIA1 !RE >E ALMO/ NO M\NTA9S74 ,AL?\< !Y MET ) SOME DEFEATS1 ! RESI/ANCE HAS NEV] BE5 COMPLETELY DE/ROY$1 NOR CAN IT BE4 ,IF ! ,KURDS EV] DO A*IEVE SOME RI<TS1 ! M\NTA9S WILL HAVE PLAY$ A CRUCIAL ROLE4 

,ANO!R EFFECT ( ! M\NTA9S IS ?AT 9 SOME REGIONS1 ! TRIBAL COMPOSITION ( ,KURDI% SOCIETY IS /ILL DOM9ANT4 ,BE=E ! MID-TW5TIE? C5TURY1 ,KURDI% SOCIETY WAS ORGANIZ$ PRIM>ILY 9 TRIBES4 ,MO/ ,KURDI% PEOPLE /ILL HAVE A /RONG VILLAGE *>ACT]--ALMO/ EV]Y ,KURD KN[S FROM :I* VILLAGE HE_/%E COMES & TO :I* TRIBE OR CLAN HE_/%E BELONGS4 

--,IS ,KURDI% SOCIETY TRADITIONALLY PATRI>*AL8 ,H[ /RONG IS ,KURDI% FEM9ISM8 

--,UNTIL ! #a#i#hS ! ,KURDI% SOCIETY WAS COMPLETELY PATRI>*AL4 ,!RE W]E NO WOM5'S RI<TS OR FEM9I/ GR\PS1 NOT EV5 AMONG ! MORE LIB]AL ,ALEVI ,KURDS4 ,! MO/ IMPORTANT DYNAMIC 9 OV]COM+ ! PATRI>*AL /RUCTURES BECAME ! ,KURDI% FRE$OM MOVEM5T4 ,& )\T WOM5'S P>TICIPATION1 ! MOVEM5T C\LD NOT POSSIBLY HAVE A*IEV$ BROAD POPUL> SUPPORT4 ,BY >\ND #aii WOM5 W]E P>TICIPAT+ WIDELY 9 ?IS MOVEM5T1 & BETWE5 #aii & #aiib WOM5 W]E LEAD+ DEMON/RATIONS1 :I* />T$ TO *ANGE ! SITUATION SIGNIFICANTLY4 ,9 ! MIDDLE ( #a#i#iS A BROAD IDEOLOGICAL DISCUSSION />T$ 9 ! MOVEM5T1 9 :I* PATRI>*AL /RUCTURES 9 ! :OLE SOCIETY W]E CRITICIZ$ SY/EMATICALLY4 ,S9CE !N1 MANY WOM5'S ORGANIZATIONS HAVE BE5 F\ND$ 9 ALL >EAS ( ! /RUGGLE4 

,9 ! #bS1 PATRI>*AL /RUCTURES 9 HALF ( ,KURDI% SOCIETY--! P>T 9FLU5C$ DIRECTLY BY ! FRE$OM MOVEM5T--*ANG$ SIGNIFICANTLY4 ,WOM5 BECAME MORE PRES5T 9 ! /REETS & 9 ORGANIZATIONS4 ,UNLIKE TW5TY OR ?IRTY YE>S AGO1 WOM5 N[ >E ACCEPT$ EV]Y:]E & MURD] ( WOM5 .<9 HONOR KILL+S.> IS NOT ACCEPT$4 ,MO/ ( ! O!R HALF ( ,KURDI% SOCIETY HAS N[ BE5 *ANG+ TOO4 

,TODAY WOM5 >E PRES5T 9 ALL ! POLITICAL /RUCTURES1 AT ALL LEVELS1 9 ! ,KURDI% FRE$OM MOVEM5T1 :I* IS A RESULT ( ! LONG G5D] DISCUSSION & ( WOM5'S /RUGGLE )9 ! MOVEM5T & 9 ! DEMOCRATIC ASSEMBLIES4 ,= 9/ANCE1 9 ! ,B,D,P1 ALL *AIRP]SON POSITIONS MU/ BE HELD BY A MAN & A WOMAN1 & !RE IS A #d P]C5T REQUIREM5T = BO? SEXES 9 ALL MANAGEM5T BO>DS1 PUBLIC P>LIAM5TS1 & ELECT$ C\NCILS4 ,AS 0G5D] LIB]ATION0 IS ONE ( ! ?REE MA9 PR9CIPLES US$ BY ! FRE$OM MOVEM5T BESIDES 0DEMOCRACY0 & 0ECOLOGY10 A SOCIAL P]SPECTIVE )\T WOM5'S LIB]ATION IS UN?9KABLE4 

--,DOES ASSEMBLY DEMOCRACY HAVE ROOTS 9 ,KURDI% HI/ORY8 

--,ASSEMBLY DEMOCRACY HAS LIMIT$ ROOTS 9 ,KURDI/AN HI/ORY & GEOGRAPHY4 ,AS ,I'VE SAID1 ! SOCIETY'S VILLAGE *>ACT] WAS & IS /ILL FAIRLY /RONG4 ,SOME VILLAGES HAD HI]>*Y & A<AS 7FEUDAL BIG L& [N]S71 BUT 9 O!RS1 :]E !SE FACTORS W]E ABS5T1 VILLAGES ORGANIZ$ COMMON MEET+S 9 ! KOM 7VILLAGE COMMUNITY7 9 :I* !Y MADE DECISIONS4 ,9 MANY CASES1 OLD] WOM5 P>TICIPAT$ 9 !SE MEET+S1 BUT NOT Y\NG WOM54 

,9 PA/ C5TURIES1 TRIBES SOMETIMES HELD ASSEMBLIES ) REPRES5TATIVES FROM ALL FAMILIES 7OR VILLAGES7 9 ORD] TO DISCUSS IMPORTANT ISSUES ( ! TRIBE OR ! L>G] SOCIETY4 ,! TRIBAL LEAD] C>RI$ \T ! DECISIONS ?AT ! ASSEMBLY ACCEPT$4 

,DUR+ !IR LONG HI/ORY1 ,KURDI% TRIBES US$ FROM TIME TO TIME & FROM REGION TO REGION A CONF$]AL ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURE = FAC+ POLITICAL & SOCIAL *ALL5GES4 ,IT WAS BAS$ ON VOLUNT>9ESS1 SO NOT ALL TRIBES ( A C]TA9 P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! CONF$]AL /RUCTURE4 ,BUT 9 MO/ ( ,KURDI/AN1 MANY NON-,KURDI% TRIBES OR SOCIETIES W]E NOT MU* 9VOLV$ 9 ! CONF$]AL SY/EM4 

,9 ! #a#i#iS1 AS ! ,KURDI% FRE$OM MOVEM5T GREW /RONG]1 AN EF=T WAS MADE TO BUILD UP ASSEMBLIES 9 0LIB]AT$0 VILLAGES4 ,P,K,K GU]RILLAS PROMOT$ VILLAGE ASSEMBLIES1 & 9 VILLAGES :]E ! GU]RILLAS W]E /RONG1 MO/ ( ! PEOPLE ACCEPT$ !M4 ,BUT JU/ AS !Y W]E GETT+ UND] WAY1 ! ,TURKI% >MY DE/ROY$ #d1 VILLAGES & !IR POLITICAL /RUCTURES4 ,!REAFT] ! REPRESSION 9T5SIFI$4 ,S9CE #b#e1 9 SOME ( ! VILLAGES ?AT W]E CLOSE TO ! FRE$OM MOVEM5T1 ?IS IDEA HAS BE5 DEVELOP$ AGA94 ,SOME VILLAGES ORGANIZE REGUL> DEMOCRATIC ASSEMBLIES1 FULLY 9CLUD+ WOM5 & ALL P>TS ( ! SOCIETY4 

--,H[ DID COMMUNALI/ IDEAS BECOME KN[N AMONG ,KURDS8 ,H[ IMPORTANT >E ! WRIT+S ( ,MURRAY ,BOOK*98 ,DOES COMMUNALISM HAVE O!R 9TELLECTUAL S\RCES8 

--,! ,KURDI% FRE$OM MOVEM5T HAD ITS IDEOLOGICAL S\RCES 9 ! #aifh /UD5T MOVEM5T & ! ,TURKI% LEFT'S ,M>XI/-,L59I/1 ,/AL9I/1 ,MAOI/1 ,TROTSKYI/1 & O!R COMMUNI/ !ORIES4 ,AT ! 5D ( ! #a#i#hS1 ! ,KURDI% FRE$OM MOVEM5T EMB>K$ ON A CRITIQUE ( ! ACTUALLY EXI/+ 7/ATE7 SOCIALI/ MODEL1 & 9 LAT] YE>S IT W\LD BE DEEP5$4 ,! CRITIQUE ( ! #a#i#iS SAID1 AMONG O!R PO9TS1 ?AT IT'S IMPORTANT TO *ANGE 9DIVIDUALS & SOCIETY BE=E TAK+ ! P[] ( ANY /ATE1 ?AT ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS & /ATE MU/ BE ORGANIZ$ ANEW & ?AT 9/EAD ( BIG BUREAUCRATIC-TE*NOCRATIC /RUCTURES1 A FULL DEMOCRACY %\LD BE DEVELOP$4 

,9 #a#i#i#i1 :5 ! ,P,K,K LEAD] ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN WAS CAPTUR$ & ! GU]RILLA =CES W]E )DRAWN TO ,IRAQI ,KURDI/AN1 ! FRE$OM MOVEM5T UND]W5T A PROCESS ( COMPREH5SIVE /RATEGIC *ANGE4 ,IT DID NOT GIVE UP ! IDEA ( SOCIALISM1 BUT IT REJECT$ ! EXI/+ ,M>XI/-,L59I/ /RUCTURE AS TOO HI]>*ICAL & NOT DEMOCRATIC 5\<4 ,POLITICAL & CIVIL /RUGGLE REPLAC$ >M$ /RUGGLE AS ! MOVEM5T'S C5T]4 ,/>T+ 9 #b1 IT PROMOT$ CIVIL DISOB$I5CE & RESI/ANCE 7! ,9TIFADA 9 ,PALE/9E WAS ALSO AN 9SPIRATION74 

,FUR!R1 ! MOVEM5T GAVE UP ! AIM ( E/ABLI%+ A ,KURDI%-DOM9ANT /ATE1 BECAUSE ( ! EXI/+ DIFFICULT POLITICAL CONDITIONS 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ & ! WORLD2 9/EAD1 IT ADVANC$ A LONG-T]M SOLUTION = ! ,KURDI% QUE/ION )9 ! F\R /ATES ,TURKEY1 ,IRAN1 ,IRAQ & ,SYRIA3 DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM4 ,IT N[ CONSID]S IT MORE IMPORTANT TO HAVE A DEMOCRATIC1 SOCIAL & TOL]ANT SOCIETY ?AN TO HAVE ONE'S [N /ATE4 ,= ,TURKEY1 IT HAS PROPOS$ ! F\NDATION ( A SECOND OR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC4 

,DUR+ ?IS PROCESS ( /RATEGIC *ANGE1 ! FRE$OM MOVEM5T ACTIVI/S READ & DISCUSS$ A NEW LIT]ATURE ?AT SUPPORT$ & C\LD MAKE CONTRIBUTIONS TO IT4 ,IT ANALYZ$ BOOKS & >TICLES BY PHILOSOPH]S1 FEM9I/S1 7NEO-7AN>*I/S1 LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S1 COMMUNALI/S1 & SOCIAL ECOLOGI/S4 ,?AT IS H[ WRIT]S LIKE ,MURRAY ,BOOK*91 ,MI*EL ,F\CAULT1 & ,IMMANUEL ,WALL]/E9 CAME 9TO !IR FOCUS4 

,! ,KURDI% FRE$OM MOVEM5T DEVELOP$ ! IDEA ( 0DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM0 7! ,KURDI% V]SION ( COMMUNALISM7 NOT ONLY FROM ! IDEAS ( COMMUNALI/ 9TELLECTUALS BUT ALSO FROM MOVEM5TS LIKE ! ,ZAPATI/AS2 FROM ,KURDI% SOCIETY'S [N VILLAGE-9FLU5C$ HI/ORY2 FROM ! LONG1 ?IRTY-FIVE-YE> EXP]I5CE ( POLITICAL & >M$ /RUGGLE2 FROM ! 9T5SE CONTROV]SIES )9 ,TURKI% DEMOCRATIC-SOCIALI/-REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS2 & FROM ! MOVEM5T'S CONT9U\S DEVELOPM5T ( TRANSP>5T /RUCTURES = ! BROAD POPULATION4 

--,HAVE ?OSE FACTORS & ! ,DECL>ATION ( ,KURDI% ,CONF$]ALISM1 PUBLI%$ 9 ,M>* #b#e1 L$ TO ! CREATION ( DEMOCRATIC1 DECISION-MAK+ ASSEMBLIES8 

--,?IS DECL>ATION WAS ! FIR/ /EP 9 DEVELOP+ COMMUNALISM 9 ,KURDI/AN4 ,S9CE !N1 ,ABDULLAH ,OCALAN WROTE ?REE COMPREH5SIVE ,DEF5SES1 ! FIR/ 9 #ba 9 TWO VOLUMES1 ! SECOND 9 #b#d1 & ! LA/ & MO/ COMPREH5SIVE 9 #bi 9 FIVE VOLUMES1 ALL ( :I* HAS FUR!R DEVELOP$ ! CONT5T ( ! COMMUNALISM IDEA4 

,WE =ESEE COMMUNALISM AS DEVELOP+ FIR/ 9 ,TURKI% ,KURDI/AN4 ,S9CE #bg ! FRE$OM MOVEM5T HAS CREAT$ DEMOCRATIC & DECISION-MAK+ ASSEMBLIES 9 NEI<BORHOODS ( CITIES :]E IT IS /RONG1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! PROV9CES ( ,HAKK>I1 ,SIRNAK1 ,SIIRT1 ,M>D91 ,DIY>BAKIR1 ,BATMAN1 & ,VAN4 ,! ASSEMBLIES W]E E/ABLI%$ TO MAKE DECISIONS ON ALL COMMON PROBLEMS1 *ALL5GES1 & PROJECTS ( ! RESPECTIVE NEI<BORHOOD ACCORD+ ! PR9CIPLES ( A BASE DEMOCRACY--! :OLE POPULATION HAS ! RI<T TO P>TICIPATE4 ,9 SOME ( ! ASSEMBLIES1 NON-,KURDI% PEOPLE >E P>TICIPAT+1 LIKE ,AZ]BAIJANIS & ,>AMAIC PEOPLE4 

,9 ,DIY>BAKIR1 ! L>GE/ CITY 9 ,TURKI% ,KURDI/AN1 !RE >E ASSEMBLIES ALMO/ EV]Y:]E4 ,!Y >E /RONG] 9 ! CITY ?AN 9 ! RURAL >EAS4 ,!RE >E EV5 SOME ASSEMBLIES 9 F>AWAY ,I/ANBUL4 

,!RE >E ASSEMBLIES AT SEV]AL LEVELS4 ,AT ! BOTTOM >E ! NEI<BORHOOD ASSEMBLIES4 ,!Y *OOSE ! DELEGATES ?AT CON/ITUTE ! CITY ASSEMBLY4 ,9 ,DIY>BAKIR1 IDEAS >E DISCUSS$ 9 ! CITY ASSEMBLY1 ( :I* ! CITY C\NCIL IS P>T--NOT (FICIALLY1 NOT LEGALLY1 BUT 9 \R SY/EM4 ,IF ! CITY ASSEMBLY MAKES A C]TA9 DECISION ON AN ISSUE1 !N ! CITY C\NCIL MEMB]S :O >E P>T ( ! CITY ASSEMBLY WILL PROMOTE IT4 7,BUT ! CITY C\NCIL ALSO HAS MEMB]S FROM ! O!R P>TIES1 LIKE ! RUL+ ,A,K,P1 :I* DON'T AGREE ) IT47 ,! CITY C\NCIL HAS ! LEGAL P[] TO MAKE DECISIONS ?AT BECOME LAWS4 ,BUT = ! PEOPLE1 ! CITY ASSEMBLY IS ! LEGITIMATE BODY4 

,:5 DECISIONS ON A BIGG] SCALE HAVE TO BE TAK51 ! CITY & VILLAGE ASSEMBLIES ( A PROV9CE COME TOGE!R4 ,9 ! PROV9CES ( ,HAKK>I & ,SIRNAK1 ! EXP]I5CE HAS HAD V]Y POSITIVE RESULTS4 ,! /ATE AU?ORITY HAS NO 9FLU5CE ON ! POPULATION--! PEOPLE DON'T ACCEPT ! /ATE AU?ORITIES4 ,!RE >E TWO P>ALLEL AU?ORITIES1 ( :I* ! DEMOCRATIC CONF$]AL /RUCTURE IS MORE P[]FUL 9 ! PRACTICE4 

,AT ! TOP ( ?IS MODEL IS ! ,D,T,K 7,DEMOCRATIC ,SOCIETY ,CONGRESS71 :I* BR+S TOGE!R ALL ,KURDS 9 ! ,REPUBLIC ( ,TURKEY4 ,IT CONSI/S ( MORE ?AN FIVE HUNDR$ CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS1 LABOR UNIONS1 & POLITICAL P>TIES--!Y MAKE UP #d P]C5T ( ITS MEMB]S2 #f P]C5T ( ITS MEMB]S >E DELEGATES FROM VILLAGE ASSEMBLIES4 

,! ,D,T,K PROV9CIAL ASSEMBLIES W]E CRUCIAL 9 ELECT+ ! C&IDATES = ! ,TURKI% P>LIAM5T ( ! LEGAL PRO-,KURDI% P>TY1 ! ,B,D,P 7,PEACE & ,DEMOCRACY ,P>TY74 ,= ! LA/ ELECTIONS1 ! ,DIY>BAKIR PROV9CIAL ASSEMBLY DECID$ ON SIX C&IDATES *OS5 BY ! ,D,T,K--?OSE SELECT$ BECAME C&IDATES ( ! ,B,D,P = P>LIAM5T4 7,SIX ( #cf ELECT$ C&IDATES >E N[ 9 PRISON--! C\RT DID NOT RELEASE !M4 ,WE DON'T KN[ :5 OR :E!R !Y WILL BE LIB]AT$47 

,SL[LY BUT SURELY1 DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM IS GA9+ ACCEPTANCE BY MORE ,TURKI% ,KURDS4 ,REC5TLY1 ! ,D,T,K PRES5T$ A DRAFT PAP] ON DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY = ,TURKI% ,KURDI/AN4 ,AT A BIG MEET+ 9 ,DIY>BAKIR 9 ,JULY #a#d1 #b#a#a1 ! ,D,T,K DECL>$ ITSELF 9 SUPPORT ( 0DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY40 ,IT SEEKS TO REALIZE DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY /EP BY /EP1 BY ,KURDS' [N MEANS1 & ESPECIALLY :]E ! ,KURDI% FRE$OM MOVEM5T IS /RONG4 ,MU* ( ,KURDI% SOCIETY APPROV$1 BUT ! IDEA WAS CONTROV]SIAL 9 ,TURKI% SOCIETY4 

--,:AT >E ! PEACE VILLAGES8 

--,ONE RESULT ( ! DISCUSSIONS ( DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM HAS BE5 AN OBJECTIVE TO F\ND NEW VILLAGES ON ! COMMUNALI/ IDEA OR TRANS=M EXI/+ VILLAGES :OSE CONDITIONS >E SUITABLE = ?AT4 ,SU* VILLAGES >E TO BE DEMOCRATIC1 ECOLOGICAL1 G5D] EQUAL1 &_/OR EV5 PEACE VILLAGES4 ,H]E PEACE NOT ONLY REF]S TO ! >M$ CONFLICT2 IT EXPRESSES ! PEOPLE'S RELATION%IPS AMONG !MSELVES & ) ! NATURAL WORLD4 ,COOP]ATIVES >E ! ECONOMIC & MAT]IAL BASE ( !SE VILLAGES4 

,! FIR/ PEACE VILLAGES W]E DEVELOP$ 9 #b#a4 ,9 ,HAKK>I PROV9CE1 :I* BORD]S ,IRAQ & ,IRAN & :]E ! FRE$OM MOVEM5T IS V]Y /RONG1 SEV]AL VILLAGES DECID$ TO DEVELOP A COOP]ATIVE ECONOMY4 ,! NEW POLITICAL & SOCIAL RELATION%IP ( ! POPULATION & ! ECONOMY >E SUITABLE = ?AT1 AS ! FRE$OM MOVEM5T IS V]Y /RONG !RE1 ) DIRECT SUPPORT FROM #i P]C5T ( ! SOCIETY4 ,CLOSE TO ! CITY ( ,W]AN%AH 7,VIRANSEHIR71 ! CON/RUCTION ( A NEW VILLAGE ) SEV5TY H\SEHOLDS BAS$ ON ! IDEA ( PEACE VILLAGES JU/ />T$4 ,9 ,VAN PROV9CE1 ACTIVI/S HAVE DECID$ TO BUILD A NEW ECOLOGICAL WOM5'S VILLAGE1 :I* W\LD BE SOME?+ SPECIAL4 ,?IS W\LD 5=CE ! ROLE ( WOM5 9 ! SOCIETY4 ,WOM5 :O HAVE BE5 VICTIMS ( DOME/IC VIOL5CE WILL BE ACCEPT$4 ,!SE SMALL COMMUNITIES C\LD SUPPLY !MSELVES ) ALL OR ALMO/ ALL ! NECESS>Y 5]GY4 

--,H[ WIDESPREAD >E ! ASSEMBLIES 9 ,TURKI% ,KURDI/AN8 

--,9 REALITY1 ! ASSEMBLY MODEL HAS NOT YET BE5 DEVELOP$ BROADLY = SEV]AL REASONS4 ,FIR/1 9 SOME PLACES ! ,KURDI% FRE$OM MOVEM5T IS NOT SO /RONG4 ,ALMO/ HALF ( ! POPULATION 9 ,TURKEY'S ,KURDI% >EAS /ILL DO NOT ACTIVELY SUPPORT IT4 ,9 ?OSE PLACES !RE >E NO FEW OR NO ASSEMBLIES4 

,SECOND1 ! DISCUSSIONS AMONG ! ,KURDS ON DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM HAVE NOT PROCE$$ EV]Y:]E AS WELL AS !Y MI<T4 

,& ?IRD1 ! REPRESSION BY ! ,TURKI% /ATE MAKES FUR!R DEVELOPM5T V]Y DIFFICULT4 ,AB\T ?IRTY-FIVE HUNDR$ ACTIVI/S HAVE BE5 >RE/$ 9 ! PA/ TWO & A HALF YE>S1 S9CE #b#i1 :I* 9 MANY REGIONS HAS SIGNIFICANTLY WEAK5$ ! /RUCTURES ( DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 TRIALS = TWO YE>S4 ,! MILIT>Y CLA%ES BETWE5 ,TURKI% ,>MY & ! ,KURDI% GU]RILLAS >E ONCE AGA9 ON ! 9CREASE4 ,SEV5 DAYS AGO .<C4 ,SEPTEMB] #b.> !Y >RE/$ SEV5TY PEOPLE FROM A CITY ASSEMBLY 9 A PROV9CE NE> ! ,IRAQI BORD]4 ,! /ATE SIMPLY SAYS !SE ASSEMBLIES >E COORD9AT$ BY ! ,K,C,K 7,UNION ( ,COMMUNITIES 9 ,KURDI/AN71 ! UMBRELLA /RUCTURE ( ! LEFTI/ ,KURDI% FRE$OM MOVEM5T 9 ,MIDDLE ,EA/ 1( :I* TODAY ,P,K,K IS A P>T1 :I* IS AN ILLEGAL /RUCTURE1 & ?AT BECOMES ! PRETEXT = >RE/+ !M4 

--,Y\ TAKE A HUGE RISK1 JU/ BY P>TICIPAT+4 

--,PEOPLE HAVE BE5 >RE/$ :OSE ONLY ACTIVITY WAS TO P>TICIPATE 9 A CITY ASSEMBLY4 ,9 ! LA/ SIX MON?S #a1#f#e PEOPLE HAVE BE5 >RE/$ = BE+ 9 ! ,K,C,K4 

--,:AT HAPP5S TO !M :5 !Y >E >RE/$8 

--,!Y GO TO JAIL4 ,EV5TUALLY !Y WILL HAVE A TRIAL1 ON A *>GE ?AT ! /ATE CONCOCTS4 ,BUT ! DELAYS >E LONG4 ,& !Y CAN'T SPEAK ,KURDI% 9 ! C\RTS1 BECAUSE ! /ATE DOESN'T ACCEPT ! LANGUAGE4 

--,>E !Y EV] F\ND 9NOC5T & FRE$8 

--,( ALL ! ?\S&S ( PEOPLE >RE/$ & *>G$ ) ,K,C,K MEMB]%IP .<SEE BEL[ = ,K,C,K.> 9 REC5T YE>S1 ONLY ONE HAS GONE FREE4 ,ALL ! O!RS >E 9 PRISON4 

--,Y\ HAVE TAK5 COMMUNALISM F>!R ?AN ANYONE ANY:]E ON ! PLANET--& Y\ DO IT UND] EXTREME ADV]SITY4 ,I WANT TO PAUSE = A MOM5T TO LET ?AT S9K 94 

,ALL RI<T4 ,:AT IS ! FRE$OM MOVEM5T'S ?9K+ AB\T ! RE/ ( ,ANATOLIA1 ! NON-,KURDI% P>TS ( ,TURKEY8 

--,! ,KURDS >E A L>GE E?NIC CULTURE 9 ! ,REPUBLIC ( ,TURKEY--#b#e TO #c P]C5T ( ! :OLE POPULATION4 ,!Y W]E ONE ( ! REPUBLIC'S TWO F\ND+ CULTURAL ELEM5TS1 BUT 9 ! YE>S AFT] ! F\ND+ 9 #a#i#b#d1 !Y W]E DECEIV$ & REPRESS$4 ,! ,TURKI% GOV]NM5T HAS LONG REJECT$ ANY BASIC & AUTONOM\S RI<TS = ! ,KURDS4 ,EV5 ! LANGUAGE WAS =BIDD5 FROM BE+ SPOK5 9 ! /REETS4 

,BUT = A ?\S& YE>S BE=E #a#i#b#d1 ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! ,TURKS & ! ,KURDS WAS MO/LY POSITIVE1 :I* %[S ! DEEP CONNECTIONS BETWE5 ! TWO CULTURES4 ,?IS FACT %\LD BE ! F\NDATION ( REORGANIZ+ AN EQUAL RELATION%IP4 

,! ,TURKI% ,KURDS' LEGAL P>TY1 ! ,B,D,P1 PROPOSES 0DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY0 = ! :OLE REPUBLIC4 ,IT PREP>$ A DOCUM5T BY ?AT NAME AT ! 5D ( #b#a4 ,G5]ALLY IT 5VISAGES A FUNDAM5TAL DEMOCRATIZATION 9 ! ,TURKEY'S POLITICAL & ADM9I/RATIVE /RUCTURE1 A*IEV+ IT ?R\< DEMOCRATIC P>TICIPATION BY 9CORPORAT+ PEOPLE 9TO PROCESSES ( DECISION-MAK+4 ,! ESS5TIAL VISION IS NOT TO CREATE SMALL] /RUCTURES ) *>ACT]I/ICS ( ! NATION-/ATE2 RA!R1 ! DEMOCRATIC DECISION-MAK+ /RUCTURES 9 ! SOCIETIES %\LD BE DEVELOP$ ?R\< A COMB9ATION ( BASE DEMOCRACY & C\NCIL DEMOCRACY4 

,& RA!R ?AN BE+ A PURELY 0E?NIC0 & 0T]RITORIAL0 CONCEPTION1 DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY PROPOSES A REGIONAL & LOCAL /RUCTURE ?R\< :I* CULTURAL DIFF]5CES >E ABLE TO FREELY EXPRESS !MSELVES4 ,?US IT PROPOSES TO E/ABLI% TW5TY TO TW5TY-FIVE REGIONS 9 ,TURKEY ) MAJOR AUTONOM\S RI<TS4 ,!SE AUTONOM\S REGIONS & !IR ASSEMBLIES W\LD ALSO ASSUME MAJOR RESPONSIBILITIES 9 FIELDS LIKE $UCATION1 HEAL?1 CULTURE1 AGRICULTURE1 9DU/RY1 SOCIAL S]VICES & SECURITY1 WOM51 Y\? & SPORTS4 ,! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T W\LD CONT9UE TO CONDUCT =EIGN AFFAIRS1 F9ANCE & EXT]NAL DEF5SE S]VICES4 

,9 ADDITION1 ! ,KURDI% FRE$OM MOVEM5T DEM&S ?AT ,TURKI% ,KURDI/AN HAVE CONTROL OV] ITS [N 0SECURITY10 OR SELF-DEF5SE2 & ! RI<T TO MANAGE ! NATURAL 5VIRONM5T & NATURAL RES\RCES4 ,AT ! SAME TIME IT DEM&S ?AT ,TURKI% ,KURDI/AN BE ABLE TO E/ABLI% SPECIFIC SOCIAL1 CULTURAL1 ECONOMIC & POLITICAL TIES ) ! O!R ?REE P>TS ( ,KURDI/AN1 9 ,IRAN1 ,IRAQ & ,SYRIA4 

--,DO !SE IDEAS HAVE SUPPORT 9 ! ,KURDI% REGIONS ( ,IRAN1 ,IRAQ1 & ,SYRIA8 

--,9 ,TURKEY1 ! ,KURDI% FRE$OM MOVEM5T IS 9 IMPLEM5TATION PHASE1 BUT 9 ! ?REE O!R P>TS1 ! ,KURDS >E 9 ! FIR/ /AGE ( DISCUSS+ DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM4 ,! EXI/+ ,KURDI% P>TIES & ORGANIZATIONS ?AT >E NOT P>T ( ! ,KURDI% FRE$OM MOVEM5T GIVE NO IMPORTANCE TO IT4 ,!Y SUPPORT EI!R FULL 9DEP5D5CE = ,KURDI/AN OR A CLASSICAL MODEL ( AUTONOMY & F$]ATION4 

,BUT ORGANIZATIONS ?AT >E P>T ( OR CLOSE TO ! ,K,C,K1 & 9TELLECTUALS & SMALL GR\PS1 PROMOTE DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM AS WELL AS ! DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY PROJECT ( ! ,D,T,K4 ,! ?IRTY-FIVE HUNDR$ ACTIVI/S >RE/$ S9CE #bi HAVE ALL BE5 MEMB]S ( ! ,K,C,K :I* IS AN ILLEGAL ORGANIZATION4 ,EV]Y TWO YE>S !Y HAVE MEET+S ) DELEGATES FROM ALL F\R C\NTRIES--!Y MEET SECRETLY--9 ! M\NTA9S4 

,9 ,IRANIAN ,KURDI/AN1 ! ,P,J,A,K 7,P>TY = ,FREE ,LIFE 9 ,KURDI/AN71 :I* IS P>T ( ,K,C,K1 PROMOTES DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM4 ,ESPECIALLY Y\NG ,KURDS HAVE />T$ TO DISCUSS ?IS IDEA1 AS IT IS DIFF]5T FROM ! PA/ P]SPECTIVES ( AN 9DEP5D5T /ATE OR A F$]ATION4 ,IRAN1 ) ITS V]Y RI* CULTURAL DIV]SITY 7H]E !RE W]E NO MASSACRES OR DISPLACEM5TS ( ,KURDS1 AS 9 ,TURKEY71 IS A /ATE :]E A CONF$]AL /RUCTURE W\LD MAKE MU* S5SE4 ,MORE ?AN ! O!R /ATES1 ,IRANIAN SOCIETY IS READY = SU* A POLITICAL /RUCTURE4 

,9 ,SYRIAN ,KURDI/AN1 ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,UNION ,P>TY 7,P,Y,D71 :I* IS ALSO P>T ( ! ,K,C,K1 PROMOTES DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM4 ,MANY ,SYRIAN ,KURDS HAVE SUPPORT$ ! FRE$OM MOVEM5T S9CE ! #a#i#hS & N[ PROMOTE ! IDEA ( CONF$]ALISM4 ,! ,P,Y,D BECAME ACTIVE POLITICALLY 9 ! LA/ FIVE TO SIX YE>S4 ,S9CE ! />T ( ! BROAD PROTE/S 9 ,SYRIA 9 ,M>* #b#a#a1 ?IS P]SPECTIVE HAS BECOME V]Y P[]FUL4 ,! ,KURDS JO9 ! PROTE/S & HAVE BECOME A CRUCIAL FACTOR 9 ! :OLE /RUGGLE4 ,!Y DEM& NOT ONLY AUTONOMY BUT DEMOCRACY = ALL ( ,SYRIA & DEMOCRATIC AUTONOMY = ! ,KURDI% REGIONS1 & ! RI<T TO ORGANIZE & DEF5D !MSELVES AGA9/ ATTACKS4 

,IRAQI ,KURDI/AN ALSO HAS A P>TY ?AT IS P>T ( ! ,K,C,K3 ! ,P>TY = A ,DEMOCRATIC ,SOLUTION 9 ,KURDI/AN 7,P,C,D,K74 ,BUT ?IS P>TY CANNOT WORK LEGALLY1 AS SOME YE>S AGO ! REGIONAL ,KURDI% GOV]NM5T =BADE IT4 ,SO DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM IS DISCUSS$ V]Y ONLY 9 A V]Y LIMIT$ WAY BY 9TELLECTUALS1 ! M$IA1 OR ! POPULATION & IS NOT 7YET7 A BIG SUBJECT4 ,ONLY 9 ! REGIONS CLOSE TO ! BORD]S1 :I* >E UND] ! CONTROL ( ! ,P,K,K GU]RILLAS1 IS DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM DISCUSS$ OP5LY & DEEPLY4 

,BUT ,IRAQI ,KURDI/AN HAS ITS [N CON/ITUTION & P>LIAM5T--A MORE OR LESS AUTONOM\S /ATE 9 ITS [N RI<T6 

,IRAQI ,KURDI/AN HAS NO ELEM5TS ( COMMUNALISM BECAUSE ! REGIONAL GOV]NM5T IS CONS]VATIVE1 AU?ORIT>IAN1 & NON-ECOLOGICAL1 & DOES NOT SUPPORT WOM5'S RI<TS4 ,IT SUP]FICIALLY HAS A REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY1 BUT 9 REALITY ! ,KURDI/AN ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY 7,P,D,K7 & ! ,PATRIOTIC ,UNION ( ,KURDI/AN 7,Y,N,K7 %>E ! P[] FIFTY-FIFTY & >E V]Y CORRUPT4 ,S9CE ! ,U4,S4 OCCUPATION ( ,IRAQ 9 #b#c1 ALL ! SMALL PROGRESSIVE ELEM5TS ( !SE TWO P>TIES HAVE BE5 LO/4 

,BUT 9 ! M\NTA9\S >EAS 9 ,IRAQI ,KURDI/AN1 ! ,K,C,K_/,P,K,K GU]RILLAS--:I* CONTROL ?OSE >EAS--HAVE BR\<T A V]Y DIFF]5T UND]/&+4 ,TODAY 9 ! #f TO #g VILLAGES :]E ! GU]RILLAS >E DOM9ANT1 ! POPULATION HAS />T$ TO E/ABLI% DEMOCRATIC ASSEMBLIES ?AT 9CLUDE WOM54 ,! PEOPLE HAVE />T$ TO LE>N TO ORGANIZE BY !IR [N MEANS & TO MAKE DECISIONS BAS$ ON SPECIFIC DEMOCRATIC PROC$URES4 

,AS A RESULT WE HAVE A V]Y CONTRADICTORY SITUATION4 ,! REGION GOV]N$ BY ! ,P,D,K & ! ,Y,N,K DOES NOT HAVE EV5 ! BASIC ELEM5TS ( A NORMAL ,WE/]N REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY1 & 9 ! REGION CONTROLL$ BY ,P,K,K !RE >E GR[+ ELEM5TS ( DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM4 

,! POLITICAL DEVELOPM5T 9 ,IRAQI ,KURDI/AN %[S ?AT EV5 9 AN OPPRESS$ CULTURE1 A BROAD1 BASE-DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION IS NECESS>Y4 ,IT W\LD NOT HELP MU* ! ,KURDS TO HAVE !IR [N /ATE OR EV5 AUTONOMY IF DEMOCRACY1 P>TICIPATION1 TOL]ANCE1 & ECOLOGICAL ORI5TATION >E MISS+ FROM ! POLITICAL /RUCTURES & DECISION-MAK+ PROCESSES4 

--,:AT HAPP5S IF ! POPUL> DEMOCRACY ?AT SPANS E/ABLI%$ /ATE B\ND>IES MAKES A DECISION ?AT COLLIDES ) ONE ( ! F\R NATION-/ATES8 

--,! ,KURDI% FRE$OM MOVEM5T HAS DECL>$ ?AT IT IS NOT AGA9/ EXI/+ /ATE B\ND>IES & DOES NOT WANT TO *ANGE !M4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME ! MOVEM5T EXPECTS ?AT ! /ATES RESPECT ALL DECISIONS ( ! POPULATION4 ,! MOVEM5T SPEAKS ( TWO AU?ORITIES1 ONE ! /ATE & ! POPULATION4 ,9 DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM1 TWO DIFF]5T REGIONS ( NEI<BOR+ /ATES CAN COME CLOS]1 = 9/ANCE 9 T]MS ( CULTURE1 $UCATION1 ECONOMY1 )\T *ALL5G+ ! EXI/+ /ATES4 ,BUT 9 A SY/EM ( DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM1 ! ,KURDS ( DIFF]5T /ATES1 OR ANY O!R SUPPRESS$ CULTURE 9 MORE ?AN TWO DIFF]5T /ATES1 W\LD COME CLOS] AFT] DECADES ( SEP>ATION4 ,?IS ASPECT IS /ILL NOT DEF9$ WELL UND NE$S TO BE DISCUSS$ DEEP]4 

--,:AT IS ! MOVEM5T'S ?9K+ AB\T ! GREAT] ,MIDDLE ,EA/8 

--,! ,KURDI% FRE$OM MOVEM5T PROPOSES DEMOCRATIC CONF$]ALISM = ALL C\NTRIES & CULTURES ( ,MIDDLE ,EA/1 AS IT IS MORE APPROPRIATE ?AN ! EXI/+ C5TRALIZ$1 HALF-DEC5TRALIZ$1 OR TOTALIT>IAN POLITICAL /RUCTURES !RE4 ,BE=E ! TW5TIE?-C5TURY F\NDATION ( NATION-/ATES 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/1 ! /RUCTURES DID NOT CONTROL ! SOCIETIES DEEPLY2 ! DIFF]5T REGIONS HAD C]TA9 FRE$OMS & SELF-GOV]NM5T1 & ! TRIBAL /RUCTURES W]E DOM9ANT4 ,H]E MANY LOCAL /RUCTURES >E /ILL /RONG & RESI/ ! /ATE 9FLU5CE4 

,FUR!R1 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ ! CULTURAL DIV]SITY IS SO HI< ?AT A COMMUNALI/ SOCIETY C\LD MU* BETT] CONSID] ?IS RI*NESS4 ,IT W\LD ALL[ E?NICALLY OR RELIGI\SLY NONDOM9ANT GR\PS TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES & CONTRIBUTE SIGNIFICANTLY TO A DYNAMIC CULTURAL DIV]SITY4 ,DIRECT DEMOCRATIC /RUCTURES MAY MAKE S5SE H]E TOO3 9 ! REC5T UPRIS+S 9 MANY C\NTRIES1 NEW DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5TS W]E BORN OR HAVE BE5 /R5G!N$4 ,WE W\LD LIKE TO OBJECT TO OP9IONS ?AT CONSID] ,>ABS OR O!R POPULATIONS 9CAPABLE ( DEMOCRATIC ?9K+4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,SEPTEMB] #a1 #baa 3 ,KURDI% ,COMMUNALISM -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #b#a1 #bb 3 ,KURDI% ,COMMUNALISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,KURDI% ,COMMUNALISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

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