,LA/ ,LETT]S 

#ahgc 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 

,TEXT 3 

,LETT] TO ! ,COMRADES ( ! ,JURA ,F$]ATION1 ,OCTOB] #a#b?1 #ahgc 

,I CANNOT RETIRE FROM PUBLIC LIFE )\T ADDRESS+ TO Y\ !SE FEW P>T+ WORDS ( APPRECIATION & SYMPA?Y4 

444 9 SPITE ( ALL ! TRICKS ( \R 5EMIES & ! 9FAM\S SL&]S !Y HAVE SPREAD AB\T ME1 Y\R E/EEM1 Y\R FRI5D%IP1 & Y\R CONFID5CE 9 ME HAVE NEV] WAV]$4 ,NOR HAVE Y\ ALL[$ Y\RSELVES TO BE 9TIMIDAT$ :5 !Y BRAZ5LY ACCUS$ Y\ ( BE+ 0,BAKUN9I/S10 H]O-WOR%IP]S1 M9DLESS FOLL[]S444 

,Y\ HAVE TO ! HI<E/ DEGREE ALWAYS CONSCI5TI\SLY MA9TA9$ ! 9DEP5D5CE ( Y\R OP9IONS & ! SPONTANEITY ( Y\R ACTS2 ! P]FIDI\S PLOTS ( \R ADV]S>IES W]E SO TRANSP>5T ?AT Y\ C\LD REG>D !IR 9FAM\S 9S9UATIONS ONLY ) ! MO/ PR(\ND DISGU/444 

,P[]FULLY SUPPORT$ BY Y\R FELL[ WORK]S ( ,ITALY1 ,SPA91 ,FRANCE1 ,BELGIUM1 ,HOLL&1 & ,AM]ICA1 Y\ HAVE ONCE AGA9 REPULS$ ! DICTATORIAL ATTEMPTS ( ,MR4 ,M>X & PLAC$ ! GREAT ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION BACK ON ! RI<T ROAD444 

,Y\R VICTORY1 ! VICTORY ( FRE$OM & ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL AGA9/ AU?ORIT>IAN 9TRIGUES1 IS COMPLETE4 ,YE/]DAY1 :5 VICTORY SEEM$ TO HANG 9 ! BALANCE -- AL?\< ,I = MY P>T NEV] D\BT$ IT -- IT W\LD HAVE BE5 IMP]MISSIBLE = ANYONE TO LEAVE Y\R RANKS4 ,BUT N[ ?AT IT IS A FAIT ACCOMPLI1 EV]YONE HAS ! FRE$OM TO ACT ACCORD+ TO HIS P]SONAL CONV5I5CE4 

,I !RE=E TAKE ?IS OPPORTUNITY1 MY DE> COMRADES1 TO BEG Y\ TO ACCEPT MY RESIGNATION AS A MEMB] ( ! ,JURA ,F$]ATION & ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 

444 ,DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT ,I RESIGN MA9LY BECAUSE ( ! P]SONAL DISGU/ & DISAPPO9TM5TS ?AT ,I HAVE SUFF]$ DUR+ ! LA/ FEW YE>S4 ,AL?\< ,I HAVE NOT BE5 ALTOGE!R 9S5SITIVE TO !SE 9DIGNITIES1 ,I W\LD HAVE CONT9U$ TO 5DURE !M IF ,I ?\<T ?AT MY P>TICIPATION 9 Y\R /RUGGLES W\LD HELP ! CAUSE ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,BUT ,I DO NOT ?9K SO ANY LONG]4 

,BY BIR? & P]SONAL /ATUS -- ?\< C]TA9LY NOT BY SYMPA?Y OR 9CL9ATION -- ,I AM A B\RGEOIS &1 AS SU*1 ! ONLY USEFUL WORK ?AT ,I CAN DO AMONG Y\ IS PROPAG&IZE4 ,BUT ,I AM N[ CONV9C$ ?AT ! TIME = GR& !ORETICAL DISC\RSES1 WRITT5 OR SPOK51 IS OV]4 ,DUR+ ! LA/ N9E YE>S MORE ?AN 5\< IDEAS = ! SALVATION ( ! WORLD HAVE BE5 DEVELOP$ 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL 7IF ! WORLD CAN BE SAV$ BY IDEAS7 & ,I DEFY ANYONE TO COME UP ) A NEW ONE4 

,?IS IS ! TIME NOT = IDEAS BUT = ACTION1 = DE$S4 ,ABOVE ALL1 N[ IS ! TIME = ! ORGANIZATION ( ! =CES ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,BUT ?IS ORGANIZATION MU/ BE ! TASK ( ! PROLET>IAT ITSELF4 ,IF ,I W]E Y\NG1 ,I W\LD LIVE AMONG ! WORK]S & %>E !IR LIFE ( TOIL1 W\LD TOGE!R ) !M P>TICIPATE 9 ?IS NECESS>Y WORK ( PROLET>IAN ORGANIZATION4 

,BUT NEI!R MY AGE NOR MY HEAL? ALL[S ?IS4 ,I MU/1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 HAVE PRIVACY & REPOSE4 ,ANY EF=T1 EV5 A %ORT J\RNEY1 BECOMES = ME A V]Y S]I\S UND]TAK+4 ,I FEEL SUFFICI5TLY /RONG MORALLY1 BUT PHYSICALLY ,I TIRE TOO QUICKLY1 & ,I NO LONG] HAVE ! NECESS>Y /R5G? = /RUGGLE4 ,9 ! CAMP ( ! PROLET>IAT ,I CAN BE ONLY AN OB/ACLE1 NOT A HELP4 

,Y\ SEE !N1 MY FRI5DS1 ?AT ,I AM OBLIG$ TO (F] MY RESIGNATION4 ,LIV+ F> FROM Y\ & FROM EV]YONE1 ( :AT USE W\LD ,I BE TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 G5]AL & ! ,JURA ,F$]ATION 9 P>TICUL>8 ,Y\R GREAT ASSOCIATION 9 ITS MILITANT & PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES CANNOT P]MIT S9ECURES OR HONOR>Y POSITIONS4 

,I WILL RETIRE !N1 DE> COMRADES1 FULL ( GRATITUDE TO Y\ & SYMPA?Y = Y\R GREAT & HOLY CAUSE1 ! CAUSE ( HUMANITY4 ,) BRO!RLY CONC]N ,I WILL AVIDLY WAT* Y\R PROGRESS1 & SALUTE ) JOY EA* ( Y\R NEW TRIUMPHS4 ,UNTIL DEA? ,I WILL BE Y\RS444 

,BUT BE=E P>T+1 P]MIT ME AGA9 TO ADD !SE FEW WORDS4 ,! BATTLE ?AT Y\ WILL HAVE TO SU/A9 WILL BE T]RIBLE4 ,BUT DO NOT ALL[ Y\RSELVES TO BE DISC\RAG$ & KN[ ?AT 9 SPITE ( ! IMM5SE MAT]IAL RES\RCES ( \R ADV]S>IES1 Y\R F9AL TRIUMPH IS ASSUR$ IF Y\ FAI?FULLY FULFILL !SE TWO CONDITIONS3 ADH]E FIRMLY TO ! GREAT & ALL-EMBRAC+ PR9CIPLE ( ! PEOPLE'S LIB]TY1 )\T :I* EQUALITY & SOLID>ITY W\LD BE FALSEHOODS1 ,ORGANIZE EV] MORE /RONGLY ! PRACTICAL MILITANT SOLID>ITY ( ! WORK]S ( ALL TRADES 9 ALL C\NTRIES1 & REMEMB] ?AT 9F9ITELY WEAK AS Y\ MAY BE AS 9DIVIDUALS 9 ISOLAT$ LOCALITIES OR C\NTRIES1 Y\ WILL CON/ITUTE AN IMM5SE IRRESI/IBLE =CE :5 ORGANIZ$ & UNIT$ 9 ! UNIV]SAL COLLECTIVITY4 

,F>EWELL1 

Y\R BRO!R1 

,M4 ,BAKUN9 

,LETT] TO ,ELISEE ,RECLUS1 ,FEBRU>Y #a#e?1 #ahge 

,Y\ >E RI<T1 ! REVOLUTION>Y TIDE IS REC$+ & WE >E FALL+ BACK 9TO EVOLUTION>Y P]IODS -- P]IODS DUR+ :I* B>ELY P]CEPTIBLE REVOLUTIONS GRADUALLY G]M9ATE444 ,! TIME = REVOLUTION HAS PASS$ NOT ONLY BECAUSE ( ! DISA/R\S EV5TS ( :I* WE HAVE BE5 ! VICTIMS 7& = :I* WE >E TO SOME EXT5T RESPONSIBLE71 BUT BECAUSE1 TO MY 9T5SE DESPAIR1 ,I HAVE F\ND & F9D MORE & MORE EA* DAY1 ?AT !RE IS ABSOLUTELY NO REVOLUTION>Y ?\<T1 HOPE1 OR PASSION LEFT AMONG ! MASSES2 & :5 !SE QUALITIES >E MISS+1 EV5 ! MO/ H]OIC EF=TS MU/ FAIL & NO?+ CAN BE ACCOMPLI%$4 

,I ADMIRE ! VALIANT P]SI/5CE ( \R ,JURA & ,BELGIAN COMRADES1 ?OSE 0,LA/ ,MOHICANS0 ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 :O 9 SPITE ( ALL ! OB/ACLES & 9 ! MID/ ( ! G5]AL APA?Y1 OB/9ATELY SET !MSELVES AGA9/ ! CURR5T ( EV5TS & CONT9UE TO ACT AS !Y DID BE=E ! CATA/ROPHES1 :5 ! MOVEM5T WAS GR[+ & EV5 ! LEA/ EF=TS BR\<T RESULTS4 

,!IR LABOR IS ALL ! MORE PRAISEWOR?Y 9 ?AT !Y WILL NOT SEE ! FRUITS ( !IR SACRIFICES2 BUT !Y CAN BE C]TA9 ?AT !IR LABOR WILL NOT BE WA/$4 ,NO?+ 9 ?IS WORLD IS EV] LO/2 T9Y DROPS ( WAT] =M ! OCEAN4 

,AS = MYSELF1 MY DE> FRI5D1 ,I AM TOO OLD1 TOO SICK1 & %ALL ,I CONFESS IT8 -- TOO DISILLUSION$1 TO P>TICIPATE 9 ?IS WORK4 ,I HAVE DEF9ITELY RETIR$ FROM ! /RUGGLE & %ALL PASS ! RE/ ( MY DAYS 9 9T5SE 9TELLECTUAL ACTIVITY :I* ,I HOPE WILL PROVE USEFUL4 

,ONE ( ! PASSIONS :I* N[ ABSORB ME IS AN 9SATIABLE CURIOSITY2 HAV+ RECOGNIZ$ ?AT EVIL HAS TRIUMPH$ & ?AT ,I CANNOT PREV5T IT1 ,I AM DET]M9$ TO /UDY ITS DEVELOPM5T AS OBJECTIVELY AS POSSIBLE444 

,POOR HUMANITY6 ,IT IS EVID5T ?AT IT CAN EXTRICATE ITSELF FROM ?IS CESSPOOL ONLY BY AN IMM5SE SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,BUT H[ CAN ?IS REVOLUTION COME AB\T8 ,NEV] WAS 9T]NATIONAL REACTION 9 ,EUROPE SO =MIDABLY ORGANIZ$ AGA9/ ANY MOVEM5T ( ! PEOPLE4 ,REPRESSION HAS BECOME A NEW SCI5CE SY/EMATICALLY TAU<T 9 ! MILIT>Y S*OOLS ( ALL C\NTRIES4 ,& TO BREA* ?IS WELL-NI< IMPREGNABLE =TRESS WE HAVE ONLY ! DISORGANIZ$ MASSES4 ,BUT H[ TO ORGANIZE !M1 :5 !Y DO NOT EV5 C>E 5\< AB\T !IR [N FATE TO KN[ OR PUT 9TO EFFECT ! ONLY MEASURES ?AT CAN SAVE !M8 ,!RE REMA9S PROPAG&A2 ?\< D\BTLESSLY ( SOME VALUE1 IT CAN HAVE V]Y LITTLE EFFECT .<9 ! PRES5T CIRCUM/ANCES.> & IF !RE W]E NO O!R MEANS ( EMANCIPATION1 HUMANITY W\LD ROT T5 TIMES OV] BE=E IT C\LD BE SAV$4 

,!RE REMA9S ANO!R HOPE3 WORLD W>4 ,!SE GIGANTIC MILIT>Y /ATES MU/ SOON] OR LAT] DE/ROY EA* O!R4 ,BUT :AT A PROSPECT6 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #a#b1 #ahgc 3 ,LA/ ,LETT]S -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JULY #a#d1 #bb 3 ,LA/ ,LETT]S -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,LA/ ,LETT]S -- ,UPDAT$4 

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