,LAW & ,ORD] 9 ,IREL&1 ,P>T #a 

#ahhf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,$ITOR 3 ,*>LOTTE ,WILSON 

,TAGS 3 FIRE & SWORD1 K+ ( 5GL&1 D]MOT1 PEOPLE1 IRI%1 K+1 IREL&1 *IEFS1 C\NTRY1 5GLI%4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,I?MUS1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE ,I4-,H,[ ,!,Y ,W,],E ,9,T,R,O,D,U,C,$4 

,! /UD5T ( ,IREL&'S HI/ORY SC>CELY KN[S :E!R TO PITY H] PEOPLE = !IR SUFF]+S1 OR SCORN !M = HAV+ SO LONG 5DUR$ SU* %AMEFUL WRONGS4 

,BE=E ! FIF? C5TURY !RE IS NOT MU* AU!NTIC ,IRI% HI/ORY1 BUT UP TO ?AT TIME !RE >E MI/Y RECORDS ( 0HAPPI] ?+S40 ,! PEOPLE !N 5JOY$1 IF NOT PR(\ND PEACE1 AN EASEFUL LIB]TY1 DWELL+ 9 TRIBES UND] ! PATRI>*AL SWAY ( *IEFS !Y HAD !MSELVES ELECT$4 ,L& WAS HELD 9 COMMON1 OR :]E IT WAS SPECIFICALLY HELD1 NO RI<T ( PRIMOG5ITURE B>R$ ITS R$I/RIBUTION ,WIVES EQUAL$ !IR HUSB&S 9 DIGNITY1 & ! MO/ /R+5T LAWS W]E ?OSE REG>D+ HOSPITALITY TO /RANG]S4 ,CONTE/S BETWE5 ! TRIBES W]E = ! MO/ P>T M]E TRIALS ( /R5G? OR TE/S ( BRAV]Y4 ,IT WAS NOT UNTIL ! *IEFS 5CROA*$ UPON ! PEOPLE'S RI<TS ?AT ! FEUDS BECAME DEADLY4 ,UP TO ! TIME ( ! ,DANI% 9VASION1 ANY ATTEMPT TO MA9TA9 A H]$IT>Y & DESPOTIC RULE WAS SUCCESSFULLY RESI/$4 ,& EV5 AFT] ! ,DANES HAD1 BY D9T ( !IR UNLIMIT$ NUMB]S1 TYRANNIZ$ OV] ! ,IRI% ( ! EA/ & S\? = TWO HUNDR$ YE>S1 ! UNTAMABLE ,KELTS BROKE !IR HATEFUL BONDS 9 A GALLANT FI<T ON ! S&S NE> ,DUBL9 9 #a#a#d4 ,! ,DANES ACCEPT$ ?IS LESSON 9 EQUALITY & FRAT]NITY1 & SANK FROM BE+ ! DOM9ANT P[] 9 ! C\NTRY TO BE SUCCESSFUL TRAD]S 9 ,DUBL91 ,WEX=D1 & ,WAT]=D-T[NS ?AT NO D\BT -[$ !IR COMM]CIAL PROSP]ITY TO ?IS 9FUSION ( ,DANE ) ,KELT4 ,BUT W> HAD BORNE ITS USUAL EVIL FRUIT & GIV5 RISE TO AU?ORITY4 ,! VICTORI\S ,IRI% *IEFS ATTEMPT$ TO MAKE !MSELVES ! DESPOTIC RUL]S ( ! PEOPLE4 ,!Y W]E MET 9 A GALLANT SPIRIT ( 9DEP5D5CE1 & HAD ! ,IRI% PEOPLE BE5 LEFT 'TO !MSELVES !Y W\LD PROBABLY HAVE SPE$ILY WON !IR WAY TO FRE$OM4  

,! REAL WORK ( DE/RUCTION & DESOLATION REMA9$ = ! ,NORMAN TO BEG91 HIS ,ANGLICIZ$ DESC5DANT TO CONT9UE1 & ! ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T TO COMPLETE4 ,! FIR/ 9/ALLM5T ( 9TRUD]S1 ! G]M ( ! 0,5GLI% G>RISON0 9 ,IREL&1 L&$ O/5SIBLY TO HELP BACK TO P[] ! DE?RON$ S$UC] ,D]MOT1 TYRANT ( ,LE9/]4 ,! ISL& WAS AT ?AT TIME SPLIT 9TO ! FIVE K+DOMS ( ,UL/]1 ,MUN/]1 ,LE9/]1 ,CONNAU<T1 & ,MEA?2 & ( FIVE BAD K+S ,D]MOT WAS UND\BT$LY ! WOR/4 ,CRUEL1 BLOODY1 & RAPACI\S1 HE HAD DRIV5 HIS PEOPLE 9TO REVOLT4 ,! L>GE TRAD+ T[NS ON ! COA/ CLOS$ !IR GATES ON ,D]MOT'S AU?ORITY1 & *OSE GOV]NORS AFT] ! MANN] ( ! M$IEVAL ,G]MAN CITIES4 ,9 ?IS /ATE ( AFFAIRS ,D]MOT MI<T NATURALLY HAVE APPEAL$ TO HIS FELL[ K+S TO HELP HIM CRU% A REBELLION ?AT1 AS AN EXAMPLE1 MI<T HAVE BE5 DANG]\S TO !MSELVES2 BUT HE HAD PUT HIMSELF \TSIDE ! PALE ( !IR ASSI/ANCE BY A BASE ACT ( TREA*]Y T[>DS ,O',RORKE1 PR9CE ( ,BREFFNI1 A K9SMAN ( ! ,UL/] MON>*1 :O RIVAL$ ,D]MOT 9 ! OV]LORD%IP ( ! :OLE C\NTRY4 ,O',RORKE HAD W$D$ ! LOVELY DAU<T] ( ! K+ ( ,MEA?1 :O1 LIKE H] PROTOTYPE ( ,TROY1 WAS FAT$ TO BR+ FIRE & SWORD AMONG M54 ,! BEAUTY ( ?IS PR9CESS 9FLAM$ ! UNSCRUPUL\S ,D]MOT TO SU* A DEGREE ?AT1 DESPITE HIS MIDDLE AGE & A M>RIAGEABLE DAU<T]1 HE DET]M9$ TO PLAY ! P>T ( ,P>IS TO ?IS ,IRI% ,HEL5 ,O',RORKE'S *>ACT] WAS ! DIRECT OPPOSITE TO ,D]MOT'S4 ,AL?\< REPUT$ BRAVE1 HE %RANK FROM ! CLANG ( >MS TO ! SECLUSION ( HIS CA/LE HOME 9 TIRE VALLEYS ( ,BREFFNI 7N[ ,LEITRIM71 DEVOT+ HIMSELF TO W$D$ LOVE & ! ROMANTIC RELIGION ( ! E>LY ,IRI% ,CA?OLIC4 ,ALONE1 & 9 ! GUISE ( A POOR H]MIT1 HE FROM TIME TO TIME MADE PILGRIMAGES TO ONE ( O!R ( ! MANY %R9ES ?AT BAD SPRUNG UP ?R\<\T ,IREL& 9 ! E>LY AGES ( FAI?4 ,DUR+ ONE ( !SE PILGRIMAGES ,D]MOT C>RI$ (F ! NOT UNWILL+ ,DE>BHOR<IL TO %>E ! SAVAGE LUXURY WRUNG FROM HIS GROAN+ SUBJECTS4 ,! POETS TELL ( ,BREFFNI'S RETURN1 IS EAG] EYE SE>*+ 9 VA9 = ! LITTLE LAMP1 :I* ! FAI?LESS WIFE HAD PROMIS$ %\LD %9E FROM ! BATTLEM5TS UNTIL H] PILGRIM CAME BACK2 ! AGONY ) :I* HE FLEW TO H] *AMB]1 ?9K+ %E WAS DEAD2 ! WORSE ?AN DEA? HE F\ND !RE4 ,TO AV5GE HIS DI%ONOR ',RORKE APPEAL$ TO ! K+ ( ,CONNAU<T1 & GA!R+ !IR =CES TOGE!R !Y PURSU$ ! S$UC]4 ,AB&ON$ BY HIS SUBJECTS1 SOD HOTLY PURSU$ ON ALL SIDES1 ,D]MOT WAS =C$ TO YIELD UP HIS PRIZE & TO QUIT ! C\NTRY TO SAVE HIS MIS]ABLE LIFE4 ,?IR/+ = REV5GE HE FL$ OV] ! SEES TO ,AQUITA9E1 :]E ,H5RY1 K+ ( ,5GL&1 DUKE ( ,NORM&Y & ,ANJ\1 !N HELD HIS C\RT4 ,CRAV5LY ,D]MOT FELL AT ! COLD & CRAFTY ,H5RY'S FEET1 5TREAT+ AID & SWE>+ ! MO/ ABJECT SUBMISSION 9 RETURN4  

,N[ ,D]MOT'S APPE>ANCE FELL 9 WOND]FULLY ) ,H5RY'S DESIGNS UPON ,IREL&4 ,A %ORT :ILE BE=E1 ,POPE ,ADRIAN HAD GIV5 ,H5RY A DOCUM5T PURPORT+  TO MAKE HIM & HIS HEIRS = EV] A GIFT ( ,IREL& & H] 9HABITANTS1 ALL = ! SMALL *>GE ( 0 AN ANNUAL P5SION ( ONE P5NY FROM EA* H\SE'' ,BUT IT DID NOT SUIT HIM TO 5T] 9TO POSSESSION JU/ !N4 ,HIS1 ,5GLI% SUBJECTS W]E /ILL *AF+ UND] ! =EIGN YOKE1 & HIS POSSESSIONS 9 ,FRANCE W]E SO VA/ AS TO R5D] !IR ADM9I/RATION V]Y DIFFICULT4 ,HE EVAD$ A DIRECT PROMISE ( AID TO ,D]MOT1 BUT SUGGE/$ HIS SEEK+ RECRUITS AMONG SOME ( ! UNEMPLOY$1 DISCONT5T$ ,NORMANS 9 ,5GL&4  

,D]MOT TOOK ! H9T & SOON COLLECT$ A FAIR NUMB] ( FILIBU/]S4 ,!IR CAPTA9S W]E DISREPUTABLE NOBLES ( BROK5 =TUNE-,/RANGB[1 ,E>L ( ,PEMBROKE1 = ONE1 & A C\PLE ( ! BA/>D SONS ( ,H5RY ,I41 ALL NE$Y ADV5TUR]S READY = ANY FRAY ?AT PROMIS$ PLUND]4 ,! FIR/ DETA*M5T BEGAN OP]ATIONS AT ,WEX=D4 ,H]E ! PEOPLE1 C\NSEL$ BY !IR PRIE/S1 OP5$ ! GATES1 HOP+ TO CONCILIATE ! 9VAD]S BY A SPE$Y CAPITULATION4 ,! NOBLE LORDS1 ,FITZ/EPH5 & ,M\NTMORRES1 MADE USE ( ! T[N AS !IR HEADQU>T]S1 :5CE !Y ISSU$ TO RAVAGE ! C\NTRY R\ND AB\T4 ,! SECOND GANG1 UND] ,RAYMOND LE ,GROS1 MADE = ,WAT]=D1 :]E !RE W]E VA/ PA/URE-L&S4 ,!Y SEIZ$ ! GRAZ+ H]DS1 & W]E DRIV+ !M )9 ! 5CLOSURE ( A HA/ILY CON/RUCT$ =TRESS :51 AMAZ$ AT ?IS HI<H&$ PROCE$+1 ! PEOPLE CAME \T 5 MASSE TO DEM& RE/ITUTION4 ,) L\D %\TS & CURSES ! ,NORMANS GOAD$ ! T]RIFI$ CATTLE BACK UPON ! UN>M$ ?RONG1 :O1 T ESCAPE BE+ TRAMPL$ UND] FOOT1 FL$ BACK 9TO ! T[N1 LEAV+ MANY ( !IR NUMB] 9 ! H&S ( ! FOE4 ,) A FI5DI%NESS WOR?Y ( ,DAHOMEY W>RIORS ! ,NORMANS FLUNG !IR CAPTIVES FROM A HI< CLIFF 9TO ! SEA1 HAV+ FIR/ BROK5 !IR LIMBS4 ,AMID ! SMOK+ RU+ ( ,WAT]=D1 ,/RONGB[ WAS M>RI$ TO ,D]MOT'S DAU<T]1 :OSE H& HAD BE5 ! PROMIS$ GU]DON ( SUCCESS 9 HIS BLOODY 5T]PRISE4 ,!N FOLL[$ ! PLUND]+ ( ,DUBL91 & ( ,MEA?1 :OSE K+ HAD RES5T$ HIS DAU<T]'S ABDUCTION2 & ,BREFFNI ! DOMA9 ( ! LUCKLESS ',RORKE1 WAS DEVA/AT$ BY FIRE & SWORD4 ,GREAT WAS ! TRIUMPH ( !SE *IVALR\S KNI<TS1 & L\D !IR PEANS ( VICTORY4 ,ONE KNI<T BOA/$ ( ! HUNDR$S HE HAD SLA9 9 BATTLE )\T ONCE RIS+ 9 HIS /IRRUPS4 ,HE DID  NOT ADD ?AT ?OSE HE SLEW W]E UN>M$ PEASANTS1 :OSE L95  COV]$ BREA/S (F]$ BUT POOR RESI/ANCE TO ! ,NORMAN /EEL4  

,! ,K+ ( ,5GL&1 WAT*+ HIS OPPORTUNITY AT A DI/ANCE1 N[ GAVE ORD]S = ! IMM$IATE RETURN ( ! M5 :O HAD ?US ?RU/ 9 ! ?9 $GE ( ! W$GE ( ,5GLI% TYRANNY4 ,H5RY'S JEAL\SY WAS >\S$ BY ! RE/OR$ ,D]9OT'S ATTEMPT TO =CE HIS UNWILL+ SUBJECTS TO ACKN[L$GE HIS SON-9-LAW ,/RONGB[ AS ,IRIS SUCCESSOR4 ,BACK+ ! ,PAPAL ,BULL 7S9CE SUSPECT$ ( BE+ =G$7 BY A HUGE >MAM5T1 ,H5RY TOOK POSSESSION ( ! ,POPE'S GIFT1 L&+ AT ,WAT]=D 9 ! AUTUMN ( #a#a#g#a4 ,WE>I$ & EXHAU/$ BY ! REC5T CONFLICTS1 & HOP+ = JU/ICE AT ! H&S ( SO POT5T A PR9CE1 ! ,DATIVE *IEFTA9S FLOCK$ TO DO HIM HOMAGE4 ,UL/] ALONE /OOD ALO(1 SECURE 9 HIS M\NTA9 FA/NESSES4 ,! ,NORMANS1 :O HAD SEIZ$ L>GE TRACTS ( L&1 W]E OBLIG$ TO SURR5D] !M TO ,H5RY-NOT ?AT !Y MI<T BE RE/OR$ TO ! =M] [N]S1 BUT ?AT ! ?IEVES MI<T RECEIVE !M AT ! H&S ( ! K+ ON ! CONDITIONS ( FEUDAL T5URE4 ,H5RY'S S*EME WAS TO COLONIES ! ISL& ) HIS [N FOLL[]S1 & BY DEGREES TO \/ ! NATIVE *IEFS FROM !IR HOLD+S4 ,TO ?IS 45D HE GAVE ! NEW L&LORDS ALMO/ REGAL P[]S4 ,!Y W]E TO BE ANSW]ABLE TO NO NATIVE LAWS4 ,MEA? WAS MADE OV] TO ,DE ,LACY2 ,UL/] TO ,DE ,C\RCY1 PROVID$ HE C\LD SUBDUE IT2 ! ,FITZG]ALDS & ,M\NTMORRES %>$ ,WEX=D TWE5 !M4 ,H]E & !RE A NATIVE *IEF WAS ALL[$ TO RETA9 HIS L& AS T5ANT-AT-WILL1 BUT ! LEA/ %[ ( 9DEP5D5CE WAS TO BE ACC\NT$ TREASON1 & TO 5TAIL =FEITURE ( E/ATES4  

 ,?US OP5$ ! FIR/ SC5E 9 ! LONG & YET UN5D$ C\RSE ( WOE :I* ,IREL& HAS SUFF]$ & IS /ILL SUFF]+ AT ! H&S ( ! ,5GLI% ,GOV]NM5T4  

 7,T,O ,B,E ,C,O,N,T,9,U,$7  

,FRE$OM3 ,A ,J\RNAL ( ,AN>*I/ ,SOCIALISM 

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