,LEFTISM #aa 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LAWR5CE ,J>A* 

,TEXT 3 

,:AT IS ,LEFTISM8 

,= MO/ IT MEANS SOME =M ( SOCIALISM1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT !RE >E PL5TY ( LEFTI/S :O >E NOT OPPOS$ TO CAPITALISM 7CLE>LY FROM ! ACTUAL HI/ORY ( SOCIALISM1 NOT ALL SOCIALI/S >E OPPOS$ TO CAPITALISM EI!R74 ,PL5TY ( O!R >GUM5TS CAN BE MADE AB\T ?AT1 BUT LET'S JU/ KEEP ?+S SIMPLE & ASSUME ?AT ! TWO T]MS >E SYNONYM\S4 ,AS IS ! CASE ) MO/ VAGUE T]MS1 H[EV]1 IT'S EASI] TO COME UP ) A LI/ ( *>ACT]I/ICS ?AN A DEF9ITION4 ,LEFTISM 5COMPASSES MANY DIV]G5T IDEAS1 /RATEGIES1 & TACTICS2 >E !RE ANY COMMON ?READS ?AT UNITE ALL LEFTI/S1 DESPITE SOME OBVI\S DIFF]5CES8 ,9 ORD] TO BEG9 AN ATTEMPT AT AN ANSW]1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO EXAM9E ! PHILOSOPHICAL ANTEC$5TS TO :AT CAN BROADLY BE T]M$ ,SOCIALISM4 

,LIB]ALISM1 ,HUMANISM1 & ,REPUBLICANISM >E POLITICAL & PHILOSOPHICAL S*OOLS ( ?\<T D]IV+ FROM ! MOD]N ,EUROPEAN TRADITION 7R\<LY BEG9N+ DUR+ ! ,R5AISSANCE74 ,)\T GO+ 9TO DETAILS1 ADH]5TS ( ! ?REE 7ESPECIALLY ,LIB]ALISM7 PRESUME ! EXI/5CE ( AN IDEAL PROP]TY-[N+ MALE 9DIVIDUAL :O IS A FULLY RATIONAL 7OR AT LEA/ A POT5TIALLY RATIONAL7 AG5T4 ,?IS IDEALIZ$ 9DIVIDUAL /&S OPPOS$ TO ! >BITR>Y AU?ORITY ( ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL SY/EMS ( MON>*ISM & FEUDALISM1 AS WELL AS ! SPIRITUAL AU?ORITY ( ! ,CA?OLIC ,*UR*4 ,ALL ?REE 7,L,H@&,R7 PRESUME ! CAPACITY ( ANYONE 7MALE71 ?R\< $UCATION & H>D WORK1 TO SUCCE$ 9 A FREE M>KET 7( COMMODITIES & IDEAS74 ,COMPETITION IS ! OV]ALL E?OS ( ALL ?REE4 

,! PROMOT]S ( ,L,H@&,R 9SI/ ?AT !SE MOD]NI/ PHILOSOPHIES-COMP>$ TO MON>*ISM1 ELITISM1 & FEUDALISM->E ADVANCES ON ! ROAD TO HUMAN FRE$OM4 ,!Y BELIEVE IT MORE B5EFICIAL = :AT !Y CALL ,! ,GREAT] ,GOOD TO ADH]E TO & PROMOTE A PHILOSOPHY ?AT AT LEA/ PROPOSES ! ABILITY ( ANYONE TO GA9 SOME K9D ( CONTROL OV] H]_/HIS [N LIFE1 :E!R 9 ! REALM ( $UCATION1 ECONOMIC PROSP]ITY1 OR POLITICAL 9T]ACTIONS4 ,! ULTIMATE GOALS ( ,L,H@&,R >E TO DO AWAY ) ECONOMIC SC>CITY & 9TELLECTUAL_/SPIRITUAL POV]TY1 :ILE PROMOT+ ! IDEA ( MORE DEMOCRATIC GOV]NANCE4 ,!Y PROMOTE ?IS UND] ! RUBRIC ( ,JU/ICE1 & !Y SEE ! ,/ATE AS ITS ULTIMATE GU>ANTOR4 

,SOCIALISM AS A MOD]N MOVEM5T HAS BE5 GREATLY 9FLU5C$ BY !SE ?REE PHILOSOPHIES4 ,LIKE ?OSE :O ADH]E TO ,L,H@&,R1 LEFTI/S >E CONC]N$ )1 & >E OPPOS$ TO1 ECONOMIC & SOCIAL 9JU/ICE4 ,!Y ALL PROPOSE AMELIORAT+ SOCIAL ILLS ?R\< ACTIVE 9T]V5TION OR *>ITY1 :E!R UND] ! AUSPICES ( ! ,/ATE1 ,N,G,OS1 OR O!R =MAL ORGANIZATIONS4 ,V]Y FEW ( ! PROPOS$ SOLUTIONS OR /OPGAPS PROMOTE 7OR EV5 ACKN[L$GE7 SELF-ORGANIZ$ SOLUTIONS 5GAG$ 9 BY ?OSE DIRECTLY SUFF]+ SU* ILLS4 ,WELF>E1 AFFIRMATIVE ACTION PROGRAMS1 PSY*IATRIC HOSPITALS1 DRUG REHABILITATION FACILITIES1 ETC4 >E ALL EXAMPLES ( V>I\S ATTEMPTS TO DEAL ) SOCIAL PROBLEMS4 ,GIV5 ! PREMISES ( !SE OV]LAPP+ PHILOSOPHIES & !IR PRACTICAL FRAMEWORKS1 !Y HAVE ! APPE>ANCE ( BE+ ! RESULTS ( 9TELLIG5CE & KN[L$GE MIX$ ) EMPA?Y & ! DESIRE TO HELP PEOPLE4 ,COOP]ATION = ,! ,COMMON ,GOOD IS SE5 AS MORE B5EFICIAL TO HUMANITY ?AN 9DIVIDUAL COMPETITION4 ,H[EV]1 SOCIALISM ALSO TAKES ! EXI/5CE ( COMPETITION = GRANT$4 ,LIB]ALS & SOCIALI/S ALIKE BELIEVE ?AT HUMAN BE+S DO NOT NATURALLY GET ALONG1 SO WE MU/ BE $UCAT$ & 5C\RAG$ TO BE COOP]ATIVE4 ,:5 ALL ELSE FAILS1 ?IS CAN ALWAYS BE 5=C$ BY ! ,/ATE4 

,MOD]ATE1 ,RADICAL1 & ,EXTREME ,LEFTISM 

,TACTICS & /RATEGIES 

,REG>DLESS ( ! FACT ?AT !RE IS PL5TY ( OV]LAP & BL5D+-PRECLUD+ REAL1 DISCRETE B\ND>IES-,I HOPE ?AT DESCRIB+ !SE V>I\S MANIFE/ATIONS ( LEFTISM WILL BE A WAY TO ID5TIFY C]TA9 P>TICUL> *>ACT]I/ICS4 

,9 T]MS ( /RATEGY & TACTICS1 MOD]ATE LEFTI/S BELIEVE ?AT ?+S CAN BE MADE BETT] BY WORK+ )9 CURR5T /RUCTURES & 9/ITUTIONS4 ,CLE>LY RE=MI/1 MOD]ATE LEFTI/S PROMOTE LEGAL1 PEACEFUL1 & POLITE SUP]FICIAL ALT]ATIONS 9 ! /ATUS QUO1 EV5TUALLY HOP+ TO LEGISLATE SOCIALISM 9TO EXI/5CE4 ,! DEMOCRACY !Y *AMPION IS B\RGEOIS3 ONE P]SON1 ONE VOTE1 MAJORITY RULE4 

,RADICAL LEFTI/S PROMOTES A MIXTURE ( LEGAL & ILLEGAL TACTICS1 DEP5D+ ON :ATEV] APPE>S TO HAVE A BETT] *ANCE ( SUCCE$+ AT ! MOM5T1 BUT !Y ULTIMATELY WANT ! SANCTION ( SOME PROP]LY CON/ITUT$ LEGAL 9/ITUTIONS 7ESPECIALLY :5 !Y GET TO MAKE MO/ ( ! RULES TO BE 5=C$74 ,!Y >E PRAGMATIC1 HOP+ = PEACEFUL *ANGE1 BUT READY TO FI<T IF !Y BELIEVE IT TO BE NECESS>Y4 ,! DEMOCRACY !Y PROMOTE IS MORE PROLET>IAN3 !Y >5'T WORRI$ AB\T ! PROCESS ( ANY P>TICUL> ELECTION1 SO LONG AS GA9S >E MADE AT ! EXP5SE ( ! BOSSES & MA9/REAM POLITICIANS4 

,EXTREME LEFTI/S >E AMORAL PRAGMATI/S1 A /RATEGIC ORI5TATION ?AT CAN ALSO BE T]M$ OPPORTUNI/IC4 ,!Y >E DECID$LY IMPOLITE1 EXPLICITLY DESIR+ ! DE/RUCTION ( CURR5T 9/ITUTIONS 7(T5 9CLUD+ ! ,/ATE71 ) ! DESIRE TO REMAKE !M SO ?AT ONLY !Y !MSELVES WILL BE ABLE TO MAKE & 5=CE NEW LAWS4 ,!Y >E MU* MORE WILL+ TO USE =CE 9 ! S]VICE ( !IR GOALS4 ,! DEMOCRACY !Y PROMOTE IS USUALLY BAS$ ON A ,P>TY4 

,RELATION%IP TO CAPITALI/S 

,ALL LEFTI/S PRIVILEGE ! CATEGORY ( WORK] AS WORK]_/PRODUC]1 AN 5TITY ?AT EXI/S ONLY )9 ! SPH]E ( ! ECONOMY4 ,MOD]ATE LEFTI/S CAMPAIGN = WORK]S' RI<TS 7TO /RIKE1 TO HAVE JOB SECURITY & SAFETY1 TO HAVE DEC5T & FAIR CONTRACTS71 TRY+ TO MITIGATE ! MORE OBVI\S ABUSES ( ! BOSSES ?R\< ! PASSAGE & 5=CEM5T ( PROGRESSIVE LEGISLATION4 ,!Y WANT CAPITALISM TO BE ORGANIZ$ ) 0,PEOPLE ,BE=E ,PR(ITS0 7AS ! OV]US$ SLOGAN HAS IT71 IGNOR+ ! 9T]NAL LOGIC & HI/ORY ( CAPITALISM4 ,MOD]ATE LEFTI/S PROMOTE SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE 9VE/+ & WANT A MORE JU/ DI/RIBUTION ( WEAL?2 SOCIAL WEAL? 9 ! =M ( ! MU*-T\T$ 0SAFETY NET10 & P]SONAL WEAL? 9 ! =M ( HI<] WAGES & 9CREAS$ TAXES ON CORPORATIONS & ! RI*4 ,!Y WANT TO BALANCE ! RI<TS ( PROP]TY & LABOR4 

,RADICAL LEFTI/S FAVOR WORK]S AT ! EXP5SE ( ! BOSSES4 ,WORK]S >E ALWAYS RI<T TO ! RADICAL LEFTI/4 ,!Y WI% TO *ANGE ! LEGAL /RUCTURE 9 SU* A WAY TO REFLECT ?IS FAVORITISM1 :I* IS SUPPOS$ TO COMP5SATE = ! PREVI\S HI/ORY ( EXPLOITATION4 ,! R$I/RIBUTION ( WEAL? 5VISION$ BY RADICAL LEFTI/S BUILDS ON ! HI<] WAGES & 9CREAS$ TAXATION ( ! CORPORATIONS & ! RI* TO 9CLUDE SELECTIVE EXPROPRIATION_/NATIONALIZATION 7) OR )\T COMP5SATION7 ( V>I\S RES\RCES 7BANKS1 NATURAL RES\RCES = EXAMPLE74 

,EXTREME LEFTI/S PROMOTE ! TOTAL EXPROPRIATION -- )\T COMP5SATION -- ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS1 NOT ONLY TO RI<T ! WRONGS ( ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION1 BUT TO REMOVE ! CAPITALI/ CLASS FROM POLITICAL P[] AS WELL4 ,AT SOME PO9T1 ! WORK]S >E TO BE AT LEA/ NOM9ALLY 9 *>GE ( ECONOMIC & POLITICAL DECISION MAK+ 7AL?\< ?AT IS USUALLY M$ITAT$ ?R\< A ,P>TY LEAD]%IP74 

,! ROLE ( ! ,/ATE 

,LEFTI/S VIEW ! ,/ATE ON A CONT9UUM ( AMBIVAL5CE4 ,MO/ >E CLE> ?AT ! ROLE ( ! ,/ATE IS TO FUR!R ! GOALS ( :ATEV] CLASS HAPP5S TO RULE AT ANY GIV5 P]IOD2 FUR!R !Y ALL RECOGNIZE ?AT ! RUL+ CLASS ALWAYS RES]VES = ITSELF A MONOPOLY ON ! LEGITIMATE USE ( =CE & VIOL5CE TO 5=CE !IR RULE4 ,9 ! POLITICAL IMAG9ATIONS ( ALL MOD]ATE & SOME RADICAL LEFTI/S1 ! ,/ATE 7EV5 ) A COMPLETELY CAPITALI/ RUL+ CLASS7 CAN BE US$ TO REM$Y MANY SOCIAL PROBLEMS1 FROM ! EXCESSES ( TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS TO ! ABUSES ( ?OSE :O HAVE BE5 TRADITIONALLY DIS5FRAN*IZ$ 7IMMIGRANTS1 WOM51 M9ORITIES1 ! HOMELESS1 ETC474 ,= EXTREME LEFTI/S1 ONLY !IR [N ,/ATE CAN SOLVE SU* PROBLEMS1 BECAUSE IT IS 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! CURR5T RUL+ CLASS TO MA9TA9 DIVISIONS AMONG ?OSE :O >E NOT ( ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,DESPITE ! AMBIVAL5CE1 AN ATTA*M5T TO ! FUNCTIONS ( GOV]NM5T AS EXECUT$ BY ! ,/ATE REMA9S4 ,?IS IS ! PIVOTAL >EA ( CONFLICT BETWE5 ALL LEFTI/S & ALL AN>*I/S1 DESPITE ! HI/ORICAL POSITION+ ( AN>*ISM )9 ! SPECTRUM ( LEFTISM -- AB\T :I* MORE BEL[4 

,! ROLE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 

,MISS+ FROM ALL !SE DIFF]5T /RA9S ( LEFTISM IS A DISCUSSION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,:ILE ,L,H@&,R REF] BRIEFLY TO ! 9DIVIDUAL1 !SE PHILOSOPHIES DO NOT TAKE 9TO ACC\NT NON-PROP]TY-[N+ MALES1 FEMALES1 OR JUV5ILES -- :O >E 9DE$ CONSID]$ ! PROP]TY ( ! NORMATIVE 9DIVIDUAL3 ! ADULT PROP]TY-[N+ MAN4 ,?IS L$ TO ! COMPLETE LACK ON 9T]E/ 9 7& ! ACCOMPANY+ EXPLOITATION (7 PEASANTS & WORK]S1 A DISREG>D ?AT IS SUPPOS$ TO BE CORRECT$ BY SOCIALISM4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 VIRTUALLY ALL SOCIALI/S ONLY POSIT ! CATEGORY ,WORK] & ,PEASANT AS COLLECTIVE CLASSES -- A MASS TO BE MOLD$ & DIRECT$ -- NEV] CONSID]+ ! DESIRES OR 9T]E/S ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 7MALE OR FEMALE7 WORK] OR PEASANT TO CONTROL !IR [N LIVES4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! IDEOLOGICAL IMP]ATIVES ( LEFTI/ ?\<T1 ! SELF-ACTIVITY ( !SE MASSES IS SE5 SUSPICI\SLY ?R\< ! IDEOLOGICAL BL9K]S ( ! COMPETITIVE E?OS ( CAPITALISM 7S9CE ! MASSES >5'T YET 9TELLIG5T 5\< TO BE SOCIALI/S72 ! WORK]S WILL P]HAPS BE ABLE TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES 9TO DEF5SIVE TRADE UNIONS 9 ORD] TO SAFEGU>D !IR WAGES1 :ILE ! PEASANTS WILL ONLY WANT TO [N & WORK !IR [N PIECE ( L&4 ,AGA91 $UCATION & 5=CEM5T ( COOP]ATION IS NECESS>Y = !SE MASSES TO BECOME CONSCI\S POLITICAL RADICALS4 

,A ,G5]IC ,LEFTISM8 

,SO ALL LEFTI/S %>E ! GOALS ( MAK+ UP = 9JU/ICE BY DECREE1 :E!R ! DECREE COMES \T ( BETT]_/MORE RESPONSIVE REPRES5TATIVES & LEAD]S1 A MORE DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL PROCESS1 OR ! ELIM9ATION ( A NON-WORK] P[] BASE4 ,!Y ALL DESIRE TO ORGANIZE1 MOBILIZE1 & DIRECT MASSES ( PEOPLE1 ) ! EV5TUAL GOAL ( ATTA9+ A MORE OR LESS COH]5T MAJORITY1 9 ORD] TO PROPEL PROGRESSIVE & DEMOCRATIC *ANGE ( SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS4 ,RECRUITM5T1 $UCATION1 & 9CULCAT+ LEFTI/ VALUES >E SOME ( ! MORE MUNDANE /RATEGIES LEFTI/S USE TO 9CREASE !IR 9FLU5CE 9 ! WID] POLITICAL L&SCAPE4 

,ALL LEFTI/S HAVE A COMMON DI/RU/ ( REGUL> 7NONPOLITICAL_/NON-POLITICIZ$7 PEOPLE BE+ ABLE TO DECIDE = !MSELVES H[ TO SOLVE ! PROBLEMS ?AT FACE !M4 ,ALL LEFTI/S %>E AN ABID+ FAI? 9 LEAD]%IP4 ,NOT JU/ A TRU/ ( P>TICUL> LEAD]S :O PORTRAY !MSELVES AS HAV+ C]TA9 MORAL OR E?ICAL VIRTUES OV] & ABOVE COMMON PEOPLE1 BUT ( ! V]Y PR9CIPLE ( LEAD]%IP4 ,?IS CONFID5CE 9 LEAD]%IP NEV] BR+S REPRES5TATIONAL POLITICS 9TO QUE/ION4 ,! EXI/5CE ( ELECT$ OR APPO9T$ LEAD]S :O SPEAK & ACT ON BEHALF1 OR 9 ! PLACE1 ( 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS IS A GIV52 M$IATION 9 ! REALM ( POLITICS IS TAK5 AS A NECESSITY1 REMOV+ MO/ DECISION MAK+ FROM 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS4 ,LEFTI/S %>E ?IS COMMITM5T TO LEAD]%IP & REPRES5TATION -- !Y BELIEVE !MSELVES ABLE TO JU/LY REPRES5T ?OSE :O HAVE TRADITIONALLY BE5 EXCLUD$ FROM POLITICS3 ! DIS5FRAN*IZ$1 ! VOICELESS1 ! WEAK4 

,! LEFTI/ ACTIVI/1 AS A REPRES5TATIVE ( ?OSE :O SUFF]1 IS A P]SON :O BELIEVES H]_/HIMSELF TO BE 9DISP5SABLE TO IMPROV+ ! LIVES ( O!RS4 ,?IS D]IVES FROM A DUAL-PRONG$ NOTION COMMON TO ALL LEFTI/S3 

,NONPOLITICAL PEOPLE1 LEFT TO !IR [N DEVICES1 WILL NEV] BE ABLE TO ALT] !IR SITUATIONS 9 A RADICAL OR REVOLUTION>Y MANN] 7,L59'S DISMISSAL ( WORK]S AS NEV] BE+ ABLE TO MOVE BEYOND A 0TRADE UNION M5TALITY0 )\T SOME PR(ESSIONAL \TSIDE HELP COMES TO M9D H]E72 & 

,?OSE ) MORE 9TELLIG5CE OR A BETT] ANALYSIS >E BO? WISE & E?ICAL 5\< TO LEAD 7:E!R ?R\< EXAMPLE OR BY DECREE7 & ORGANIZE O!RS = !IR [N GOOD1 & P]HAPS MORE IMPORTANTLY1 ! GREAT] GOOD4 

,! UNSPOK5 BUT IMPLICIT !ME ?AT RUNS ?R\< ?IS BRIEF ASSESSM5T ( LEFTISM IS A RELIANCE ON AU?ORIT>IAN RELATIONS1 :E!R ASSUM$ OR 5=C$1 BRUTALLY COMPELL+ OR G5TLY RATIONAL4 ,! EXI/5CE ( AN ECONOMY 7EX*ANGE ( COMMODITIES 9 A M>KET7 PRESUMES ! EXI/5CE ( ONE OR MORE 9/ITUTIONS TO M$IATE DISPUTES BETWE5 ?OSE :O PRODUCE1 ?OSE :O [N1 & ?OSE :O CONSUME2 ! EXI/5CE ( A REPRES5TATIONAL POLITICAL PROCESS PRESUMES ! EXI/5CE ( ONE OR MORE 9/ITUTIONS TO M$IATE DISPUTES BETWE5 DIV]SE P>TIES BAS$ ON COMMON 9T]E/ 7(T5 ) CONFLICT+ GOALS72 ! EXI/5CE ( LEAD]%IP PRESUMES ?AT !RE >E SUB/ANTIVE DIFF]5CES 9 ! EMOTIONAL & 9TELLECTUAL CAPACITIES ( ?OSE :O DIRECT & ?OSE :O FOLL[4 ,!RE >E PL5TY ( RATIONALIZATIONS CONTRIBUT+ TO ! MA9T5ANCE ( SU* 9/ITUTIONS ( SOCIAL CONTROL 7S*OOLS1 PRISONS1 ! MILIT>Y1 ! WORKPLACE71 FROM EFFICI5CY TO EXP$I5CY1 BUT !Y ALL ULTIMATELY RELY ON ! LEGITIMATE 7SANCTION$ BY ! ,/ATE7 USE ( CO]CIVE AU?ORITY TO 5=CE DECISIONS4 ,LEFTI/S %>E A FAI? 9 ! M$IAT+ 9FLU5CE ( WISE & E?ICAL LEAD]S :O CAN WORK )9 POLITICALLY NEUTRAL1 SOCIALLY PROGRESSIVE1 & HUMANE 9/ITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS4 ,!IR ?OR\<LY HI]>*ICAL & AU?ORIT>IAN NATURES1 H[EV]1 %\LD BE CLE> EV5 AFT] A CURSORY GLANCE4 

,>E ,ALL ,=MS ( ,AN>*ISM ,LEFTISM 

,ALL AN>*I/S %>E A DESIRE TO ABOLI% GOV]NM5T2 ?AT IS ! DEF9ITION ( AN>*ISM4 ,/>T+ ) ,BAKUN91 AN>*ISM HAS BE5 EXPLICITLY ANTI-/ATI/1 ANTI-CAPITALI/1 & ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN2 NO S]I\S AN>*I/ SEEKS TO ALT] ?AT4 ,LEFTI/S HAVE CONSI/5TLY SUPPORT$ & PROMOT$ ! FUNCTIONS ( ! ,/ATE1 HAVE AN AMBIGU\S RELATION%IP TO CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T1 & >E ALL 9T]E/$ 9 MA9TA9+ HI]>*ICAL RELATION%IPS4 ,9 ADDITION1 HI/ORICALLY !Y HAVE EI!R TACITLY IGNOR$ OR ACTIVELY SUPPRESS$ ! DESIRES ( 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS = AUTONOMY & SELF-ORGANIZATION1 FUR!R ]OD+ ANY CR$IBLE SOLID>ITY BETWE5 !MSELVES & AN>*I/S4 ,ON A PURELY DEF9ITIONAL LEVEL1 !N1 !RE %\LD BE AN AUTOMATIC DI/9CTION BETWE5 LEFTI/S & AN>*I/S1 REG>DLESS ( H[ ?+S HAVE APPE>$ 9 HI/ORY4 

,DESPITE !SE DIFF]5CES1 MANY AN>*I/S HAVE ?\<T ( !MSELVES AS EXTREME LEFTI/S -- & CONT9UE TO DO SO -- BECAUSE !Y %>E MANY ( ! SAME ANALYZES & 9T]E/S 7A DI/A/E = CAPITALISM1 ! NECESSITY ( REVOLUTION1 = EXAMPLE7 AS LEFTI/S2 MANY REVOLUTION>Y LEFTI/S HAVE ALSO CONSID]$ AN>*I/S TO BE !IR 7NAIVE7 COMRADES -- EXCEPT 9 MOM5TS :5 ! LEFTI/S GA9 SOME P[]2 !N ! AN>*I/S >E EI!R CO-OPT$1 JAIL$1 OR EXECUT$4 ,! POSSIBILITY = AN EXTREME LEFTI/ TO BE ANTI-/ATI/ MAY BE HI<1 BUT IS C]TA9LY NOT GU>ANTE$1 AS ANY ANALYSIS HI/ORY WILL %[4 

,LEFT AN>*I/S RETA9 SOME K9D ( ALLEGIANCE TO #a#i? C5TURY ,L,H@&,R & SOCIALI/ PHILOSOPH]S1 PREF]R+ ! BROAD1 G5]ALIZ$ 7& !RE=E EXTREMELY VAGUE7 CATEGORY ( SOCIALISM_/ANTI-CAPITALISM & ! /RATEGY ( MASS POLITICAL /RUGGLES BAS$ ON COALITIONS ) O!R LEFTI/S1 ALL ! :ILE %[+ LITTLE 7IF ANY7 9T]E/ 9 PROMOT+ 9DIVIDUAL & GR\P AUTONOMY4 ,FROM !SE PREMISES1 !Y CAN QUITE EASILY FALL PREY TO ! C5TRALIZ+ T5D5CIES & LEAD]%IP FUNCTIONS ?AT DOM9ATE ! TACTICS ( LEFTI/S4 ,!Y >E QUICK TO QUOTE ,BAKUN9 7MAYBE ,KROPOTK9 TOO7 & ADVOCATE ORGANIZATIONAL =MS ?AT MI<T HAVE BE5 APPROPRIATE 9 ! ]A ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 APP>5TLY OBLIVI\S TO ! SWEEP+ *ANGES ?AT HAVE OCCURR$ 9 ! WORLD 9 ! PA/ HUNDR$-PLUS YE>S -- & !Y !N HAVE ! GALL TO RIDICULE ,M>XI/S = REMA9+ W$D$ TO ,M>X'S \TDAT$ !ORIES1 AS IF BY NOT NAM+ !IR [N T5D5CIES AFT] O!R DEAD GUYS !Y >E !REBY IMMUNE FROM SIMIL> MI/AKES4 

,! DRAWBACKS & PROBLEMS ) ,M>XISM1 H[EV] -- = EXAMPLE ?AT IT PROMOTES ! IDEA ( A L9E> PROGRESSION ( HI/ORY ( ORD] DEVELOP+ \T ( *AOS1 FRE$OM DEVELOP+ \T ( OPPRESSION1 MAT]IAL ABUNDANCE DEVELOP+ \T ( SC>CITY1 SOCIALISM DEVELOP+ \T ( CAPITALISM1 PLUS AN ABSOLUTE FAI? 9 ,SCI5CE AS ! IDEOLOGICALLY NEUTRAL PURSUIT ( PURE ,KN[L$GE1 & A SIMIL> FAI? 9 ! LIB]ATORY FUNCTION ( ALL TE*NOLOGY -- >E ! SAME DRAWBACKS & PROBLEMS ) ! AN>*ISM ( ,BAKUN9 & ,KROPOTK94 ,ALL ( ?IS SEEMS LO/ ON LEFT AN>*I/S4 ,!Y BLI!LY CONT9UE TO PROMOTE A C5TURY-OLD V]SION ( AN>*ISM1 CLE>LY UNAW>E (1 OR UNCONC]N$ BY1 ! FACT ?AT ! PHILOSOPHICAL & PRACTICAL FAILURES ( LEFTISM -- 9 T]MS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ! NATURAL WORLD1 & APPROPRIATE MODES ( RESI/ANCE TO ! CONT9U$ DOM9ATION ( A FLEXIBLE1 ADAPTABLE1 & EXP&+ CAPITALISM -- >E %>$ BY ?IS >*AIC =M ( AN>*ISM AS WELL4 

,?OSE ( US :O >E 9T]E/$ 9 PROMOT+ RADICAL SOCIAL *ANGE 9 G5]AL1 & AN>*Y 9 P>TICUL>1 NE$ TO EMULATE & IMPROVE UPON SUCCESSFUL 7H[EV] TEMPOR>Y7 REVOLUTION>Y PROJECTS = LIB]ATION1 RA!R ?AN CONGRATULAT+ \RSELVES = BE+ ! HEIRS ( ,BAKUN9 7ET AL474 ,WE CAN DO ?IS BE/ IF WE FREE \RSELVES FROM ! HI/ORICAL BAGGAGE & ! IDEOLOGICAL & /RATEGIC CON/RA9TS ( ALL V>IETIES ( LEFTISM4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,APRIL #b#d1 #bb 3 ,LEFTISM #aa -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,LEFTISM #aa -- ,UPDAT$4 

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