,LIB]T>IAN ,M>XISM8 #aifi ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,DANIEL ,GU]9 ,TAGS 3 H&S ( ! /ATE1 ABOLITION ( ! /ATE1 M>X & 5GELS1 M>XISM & AN>*ISM1 P>IS COMMUNE1 #ahga ADDRESS1 LIB]T>IAN M>XI/1 LIB]T>IAN M>XISM1 CIVIL W>1 COMMUNI/ MANIFE/O4 ,TEXT 3 0,BE REALI/IC1 DO ! IMPOSSIBLE0 ,A ,LIB]T>IAN ,M>X8 ,PHOTO BY ,LUX @& ,J\RIK1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,M>X'S FAM\S ADDRESS 0,! ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ,FRANCE01 WRITT5 9 ! NAME ( ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,M5S ,ASSOCIATION TWO DAYS AFT] ! CRU%+ ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 IS AN 9SPIR+ TEXT = ,LIB]T>IANS4 ,WRIT+ 9 ! NAME ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 :I* ,BAKUN9 HAD EXT5SIVE 9FLU5CE1 9 IT ,M>X REVISES SOME PASSAGES ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O ( #a#h#d#h4 ,9 ! ,MANIFE/O ,M>X & ,5GELS HAD DEVELOP$ ! NOTION ( A PROLET>IAN EVOLUTION BY /AGES4 ,! FIR/ /AGE W\LD BE ! CONQUE/ ( POLITICAL P[]1 ?ANKS TO :I* ! 9/RUM5TS ( PRODUCTION1 MEANS ( TRANSPORT & CR$IT SY/EM1 W\LD 'BY DEGREES'1 BE C5TRALIZ$ 9 ! H&S ( ! ,/ATE4 ,ONLY AFT] A LONG EVOLUTION1 AT A TIME :5 CLASS ANTAGONISMS HAVE DISAPPE>$ & ,/ATE P[] HAS LO/ ITS POLITICAL NATURE1 ONLY !N W\LD ALL PRODUCTION BE C5T]$ 9 ! H&S ( 'ASSOCIAT$ 9DIVIDUALS' 9/EAD ( 9 ! H&S ( ! ,/ATE4 ,9 ?IS LAT] LIB]T>IAN TYPE ( ASSOCIATION ! FREE DEVELOPM5T ( EA* W\LD BE ! CONDITION = ! FREE DEVELOPM5T ( ALL4 ,BAKUN91 UNLIKE ,FR5* SOCIALI/S1 HAD BE5 FAMILI> ) ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O 9 ITS ORIG9AL ,G]MAN S9CE #ahdh & DIDN'T MISS A *ANCE TO CRITICIZE ! WAY 9 :I* ! REVOLUTION HAD BE5 SPLIT 9TO TWO /AGES -- ! FIR/ ( :I* W\LD BE V]Y /RONGLY ,/ATE CONTROLL$4 ,HE PUT IT LIKE ?IS3 0,ONCE ! ,/ATE HAS 9/ALL$ ITSELF AS ! ONLY L&[N]444 IT WILL ALSO BE ! ONLY CAPITALI/1 BANK]1 MONEYL5D]1 ORGANISOR & DIRECTOR ( ALL ! NATIONS WORK & DI/RIBUTOR ( ITS PRODUCTS4 ,?IS IS ! IDEAL1 ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE ( MOD]N COMMUNISM40 ,:AT'S MORE3 0,?IS REVOLUTION WILL CONSI/ ( ! EXPROPRIATION1 EI!R BY /AGES OR BY VIOL5CE1 ( ! CURRANT L&[N]S & CAPITALI/S1 & ( ! APPROPRIATION ( ALL L& & CAPITAL BY ! ,/ATE1 :I*1 SO AS TO FULFILL ITS GREAT MISSION 9 BO? ECONOMIC & POLITICAL SPH]ES1 WILL NECESS>ILY HAVE TO BE V]Y P[]FUL & HIMIES ( RURAL WORK]S AT ITS COMM&1 ! ,/ATE WILL ADM9I/] & DIRECT ! CULTIVATION ( ! L&4 ,AT ! SAME TIME IT WILL SET UP 9 ! RU9S ( ALL ! EXI/+ BANKS1 ONE S+LE BANK TO OV]SEE ALL PRODUCTION & EV]Y ASPECT ( ! NATION'S COMM]CE40 ,& AGA9 0,WE >E TOLD ?AT 9 ,M>X'S PEOPLE'S ,/ATE !RE WILL BE NO PRIVILEG$ CLASS4 ,EV]YONE WILL BE EQUAL1 NOT JU/ LEGALLY 5D POLITICALLY1 BUT FROM ! ECONOMIC PO9T ( VIEW4 ,AT LEA/ ?AT'S ! PROMISE1 AL?\< ,I D\BT V]Y MU*1 CONSID]+ ! WAY !Y GO AB\T IT & !IR PROPOS$ ME?OD1 :E!R IT'S A PROMISE ?AT CAN EV] BE KEPT4 ,APP>5TLY !RE WILL NO LONG] BE A PRIVILEG$ CLASS1 BUT !RE WILL BE A GOV]NM5T1 &1 NOTE ?IS WELL1 AN EXCE$+LY COMPLICAT$ GOV]NM5T1 :I* W\LD NOT SIMPLY GOV]N & ADM9I/] ! MASSES 9 A POLITICAL S5SE1 AS ALL PRES5T GOV]NM5TS DO1 BUT :I* W\LD ALSO ADM9I/] ! ECONOMY1 BY CONC5TRAT+ 9 ITS [N H&S PRODUCTION1 ! FAIR DI/RIBUTION ( WEAL?1 ! F>M+ ( ! L&1 ! E/ABLI%M5T & DEVELOPM5T ( TRADES1 ! ORGANIZATION & CONTROL ( COMM]CE1 & LA/LY ! APPLICATION ( CAPITAL TO PRODUCTION ?R\< ! ONLY BANK]1 ! ,/ATE40 ,GOAD$ BY ,BAKUN9'S CRITICISMS1 ,M>X & ,5GELS FELT ! NE$ TO CORRECT ! OV]LY /ATI/ IDEAS !Y HAD HELD 9 #a#h#d#h4 ,9 A PREFACE TO A NEW $ITION ( ! ,MANIFE/O1 DAT$ #bd ,JUNE #a#h#g#b1 !Y AGRE$ ?AT '9 MANY RESPECTS' !Y W\LD GIVE A 'DIFF]5T WORD+' TO ! PASSAGE 9 QUE/ION ( ! #ahdh TEXT4 ,!Y CLAIM$ SUPPORT = ?IS REVISION 9 7AMONG O!RS7 0! PRACTICAL EXP]I5CE GA9$ FIR/ 9 ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION 7#a#h#d#h71 & !N1 /ILL MORE1 9 ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 :]E ! PROLET>IAT = ! FIR/ TIME HELD POLITICAL P[] = TWO :OLE MON?S40 ,!Y CONCLUD$ ?AT 0,?IS PROGRAM HAS 9 SOME DETAILS BECOME ANTIQUAT$40 ,ONE ?+ ESPECIALLY WAS PROV$ BY ! ,COMMUNE1 VIZ41 ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS CANNOT SIMPLY LAY HOLD ( ! READY-MADE ,/ATE MA*9]Y & WIELD IT = ITS [N PURPOSES40 ,& ! #ahga ,ADDRESS PROCLAIMS ?AT ! ,COMMUNE IS 0! F9AL DISCOV]Y ( ! POLITICAL =M BY :I* ! ECONOMIC EMANCIPATION ( LABOR MAY BE CREAT$40 ,9 HIS BIOGRAPHY ( ,K>L ,M>X1 ,FRANZ ,MEHR+ ALSO /RESSES ?AT ON ?IS PO9T ',! ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ,FRANCE'1 TO A C]TA9 EXT5T1 REVISES ! ,MANIFE/O 9 :I* ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ,/ATE WAS C]TA9LY =ESE51 BUT ONLY AS A LONG-T]M PROCESS4 ,BUT LAT]1 AFT] ! DEA? ( ,M>X1 ,LEHN+ ASSURES US ?AT ,5GELS1 /RUGGL+ ) ,AN>*I/ CURR5TS1 HAD TO DROP ?IS CORRECTIVE & GO BACK TO ! OLD IDEAS ( ! ,MANIFE/O4 ,! SLI\SE ,BAKUN9'S SKEPTICISM2 ,HE WROTE ( ! ,COMMUNE3 0,IT HAD SU* A GREAT EFFECT EV]Y:]E ?AT EV5 ! ,M>XI/S1 :OSE IDEAS HAD BE5 PROV5 WRONG BY ! 9SURRECTION1 F\ND ?AT !Y HAD TO LIFT !IR HATS RESPECTFULLY TO IT4 ,!Y DID MORE2 CONTR>Y TO ! SIMPLE/ LOGIC & TO !IR [N TRUE FEEL+S1 !Y PROCLAIM$ ?AT ITS PROGRAM & AIM W]E !IRS TOO4 ,?IS WAS A F>CICAL MISREPRES5TATION1 BUT IT WAS NECESS>Y4 ,!Y HAD TO DO IT -- O!RWISE !Y W\LD HAVE BE5 COMPLETELY OV]:ELM$ & AB&ON$1 SO P[]FUL WAS ! PASSION ?IS REVOLUTION HAD /IRR$ 9 EV]YONE40 ,BAKUN9 ALSO OBS]V$3 0,IT W\LD APPE> ?AT ,5GELS1 AT ! ,HAGUE ,CONGRESS 7,SEPT4 #a#h#g#b7 WAS AFRAID ( ! T]RIBLE IMPRESSION CREAT$ BY SOME PAGES ( ! ,MANIFE/O1 & EAG]LY DECL>$ ?AT ?IS WAS AN \TDAT$ DOCUM5T1 :OSE IDEAS !Y 7,M>X @& ,5GELS7 HAD P]SONALLY AB&ON$4 ,IF HE DID SAY ?IS1 !N HE WAS LY+1 = JU/ BE=E ! ,CONGRESS ! ,M>XI/S HAD BE5 DO+ !IR BE/ TO SPREAD ?IS DOCUM5T 9TO EV]Y C\NTRY40 ,JAMES ,GUILLAUME1 ,BAKUN9'S DISCIPLE 9 ! ,JURA ,F$]ATION1 REACT$ TO READ+ ! #ahga ,ADDRESS 9 SIMIL> T]MS3 0,?IS IS AN A/ONI%+ DECL>ATION ( PR9CIPLE1 9 :I* ,M>X SEEMS TO HAVE ?R[N OV] HIS [N PROGRAM 9 FAVOR ( ,F$]ALI/ IDEAS4 ,HAS !IR BE5 A G5U9E CONV]SION ( ! AU?OR ( ,CAPITAL1 OR HAS HE AT ANY RATE SUCCUMB$ TO A MOM5T>Y 5?USIASM UND] ! =CE ( EV5TS8 ,OR WAS IT A PLOY1 AIM$ AT US+ APP>5T ADH]5CE TO ! PROGRAM ( ! ,COMMUNE TO GA9 ! B5EFIT ( ! PRE/IGE 9SEP>ABLE FROM ?AT NAME80 ,9 \R [N DAY1 ,>?UR ,LEHN+1 TO :OM WE [E ! LE>N$ $ITION ( ! ,BAKUN9 ,>*IVES -- :I* >E /ILL BE+ PUBLI%$ -- HAS ALSO EMPHASIZ$ ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ! IDEAS 9 ! ,ADDRESS & ?OSE ( ALL ,M>X'S O!R WRIT+S3 0,IT IS AN IRONY ( HI/ORY ?AT AT ! V]Y MOM5T :5 ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 ! AU?ORIT>IAN & ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN FACTIONS 9 ! #a/ ,9T]NATIONAL HAD REA*$ ITS HEIX1 9FLU5C$ BY ! 5ORM\S EFFECT ( ! ,P>ISIAN PROLET>IATS REVOLUTION>Y UPRIS+1 HAD GIV5 VOICE TO ! IDEAS ( ?AT REVOLUTION1 7:I* W]E ! V]Y OPPOSITE ( ?OSE HE REPRES5T$7 9 SU* A WAY ?AT ONE MIIAN FACTION :I* 79 ! ,9T]NATIONAL7 HE WAS FI IS EXTREMELY UN-M>XI/444 ,! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE HAD NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ,M>X'S ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM1 BUT WAS MU* CLOS] TO ,PR\DHON'S IDEAS & ,BAKUN9'S F$]ALI/ !ORIES444 ,ACCORD+ TO ,M>X1 ! BASIC PR9CIPLE ( ! ,COMMUNE WAS ?AT ! POLITICAL C5TRALISM ( ! ,/ATE HAD TO BE REPLAC$ ) ! WORK]S GOV]N+ !MSELVES1 & BY ! DEVOLUTION ( 9ITIATIVE ONTO A F$]ATION ( SMALL AUTONOM\S UNITS1 UNTIL SU* TIME AS IT WAS POSSIBLE TO PUT TRU/ 9 ! ,/ATE444 ,! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE DID NOT AIM AT LETT+ ! ,/ATE 0WI!R AWAY01 BUT AT DO+ AWAY ) IT IMM$IATELY4444 ,! ABOLITION ( ! ,/ATE WAS NO LONG] TO BE ! F9AL1 9EVITABLE1 \TCOME ( A DIALECTICAL PROCESS ( HI/ORY1 ( A SUP]IOR PHASE ( SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T1 ITSELF CONDITION$ BY A SUP]IOR =M ( PRODUCTION40 0,! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE01 ,LEHN+ CONT9UES1 0ABOLI%$ ! ,/ATE )\T EFFECT+ A S+LE ONE ( ! CONDITIONS PREVI\SLY LAID CL[N BY ,M>X AS A PRELUDE TO ITS ABOLITION 444 ,! DEFEAT ( ! B\RGEOIS ,/ATE BY ! ,COMMUNE WAS NOT ) ! AIM ( 9/ALL+ ANO!R ,/ATE 9 ITS PLACE444 ,ITS OBJECTIVE WAS NOT ! F\ND+ ( A NEW ,/ATE MA*9E1 BUT ! REPLACEM5T ( ! ,/ATE BY SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ON F$]ALI/ ECONOMIC BASES444 ,9 ',! ,CIVIL ,W>' IT'S NOT A QUE/ION ( A 'WI!R+ AWAY'1 BUT ( AN IMM$IATE & TOTAL ABOLITION ( ! ,/ATE40 ,LIKEWISE ! M>XOLOGI/ ,MAXIMILI5 ,RUBEL HAS ADMITT$ ?AT3 0,IT IS UND5IABLE ?AT ,M>X'S IDEA ( ! PROLET>IAT'S CONQUE/ & SUPPRESSION ( ! ,/ATE F\ND ITS DEF9ITIVE =M 9 HIS ,ADDRESS ON ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 & ?AT AS SU* IT DIFF]S FROM ! IDEA GIV5 BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O40 ,NEV]!LESS !RE IS DISAGREEM5T BETWE5 ! TWO S*OL>S3 ,LEHN+1 :O1 = RIX AN 'AU?ORIT>IAN'1 ASS]TS ?AT ! ,ADDRESS IS A 0=EIGN BODY 9 ,M>XI/ SOCIALISM1 :]EAS ,RUBEL1 ON ! O!R H&1 W\LD LIKE TO SEE A 'LIB]T>IAN' 9 ,M>X1 & HOLDS ?AT ,M>XIAN ?\TURE 9 ! EF=T TODAY TO F9D A SYN!SIS BETWE5 AN>*ISM & M>XISM1 & AS A FIR/ DEMON/RATION ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO F9D A F]TILE CONCILIATION ( ! TWO /REAMS ( ?\IAN M>XI/4 ,:Y ,LIB]T>IAN ,M>XISM8 7,?IS IS ! CONCLUD+ ESSAY APP5D$ TO ! BOOK FROM :I* BO? ! ESSAYS 9 ?IS PAMPHLET HAVE BE5 TAK51 0,P\R UN ,M>XISM ,LIB]TAIRE01 PUBLI%$ BY ,ROB]T ,LAFFONT1 #a#i#f#i4 ,TRANSLATIONS BY ,D4,R47 ,TO CONCLUDE ?IS BOOK ,I %ILL D>E TO SKET* ! RUDIM5TS ( A PROGRAM -- AT ! RISK ( BE+ ACCUS$ ( DRIFT+ 9TO 'METAPOLITICS'4 ,TODAY IT IS /UPID TO PROCE$ TO SOME SORT ( PAT*+ UP ( ! RAM%ACKLE $IFICE ( SOCIALI/ DOCTR9E1 ?R[+ TOGE!R RELEVANT FRAGM5TS ( TRADITIONAL M>XISM & AN>*ISM1 MAK+ A %[ ( M>XI/ OR BAKUN9I/ ]UDITION1 TRY+ TO TRACE1 SIMPLY ON PAP]1 +5I\S SYN!SIS & TORTU\S RECONCILIATIONS444 ,MOD]N LIB]T>IAN M>XISM1 :I* FL[]$ 9 ,MAY #a#i#f#h1 TRANSC5DS M>XISM & AN>*ISM4 ,TO CALL ONESELF A LIB]T>IAN M>XI/ TODAY IS NOT TO LOOK BACKW>DS BUT TO BE COMMITT$ TO ! FUTURE4 ,! LIB]T>IAN M>XI/ IS NOT AN ACADEMIC BUT A MILITANT4 ,HE IS WELL AW>E ?AT IT IS UP TO HIM TO *ANGE ! WORLD -- NO MORE1 NO LESS4 ,HI/ORY ?R[S HIM ON ! BR9K4 ,EV]Y:]E ! H\R ( ! SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION HAS S\ND$4 ,REVOLUTION -- LIKE L&+ ON ! MOON -- HAS 5T]$ ! REALM ( ! IMM$IATE & POSSIBLE4 ,PRECISE DEF9ITION ( ! =MS ( A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY IS NO LONG] A UTOPIAN S*EME4 ,! ONLY UTOPIANS >E ?OSE :O CLOSE !IR EYES TO !SE REALITIES4 ,IF ?IS REVOLUTION IS TO BE A SUCCESS1 &1 AS ,GRAC*US ,BABEUF W\LD SAY1 ! LA/1 :AT GUIDEL9ES >E !RE = MAK+ IT8 ,FIR/LY1 BE=E GO+ 9TO ACTION1 ! LIB]T>IAN M>XI/ MAKES A C>EFUL ASSESSM5T ( ! OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS1 TRY+ TO SUM UP QUICKLY & ACCURATELY ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! =CES OP]AT+ 9 EA* SITUATION4 ,= ?IS ! ME?OD ,M>X DEVELOP$ IS NOT AT ALL >*AIC -- HI/ORICAL & DIALECTICAL MAT]IALISM IS /ILL ! SAFE/ GUIDE1 & AN 9EXHAU/ABLE M9E ( MODELS & PO9TS ( REF]5CE4 ,PROVID$1 H[EV]1 IT IS TREAT$ 9 ! WAY ,M>X DID3 ?AT IS1 )\T DOCTR9AL RIGIDITY OR ME*ANICAL 9FLEXIBILITY4 ,PROVID$ TOO ?AT ! %ELT] ( ,M>X'S W+ DOES NOT LEAD TO ! 5DLESS 9V5TION ( BAD PRETEXTS OND PSEUDO-OBJECTIVE REASONS = BOT*+1 MISS+ & REPEAT$LY FAIL+ TO DRIVE HOME ! *ANCE ( REVOLUTION4 ,LIB]T>IAN M>XISM REJECTS DET]M9ISM & FATALISM1 GIV+ ! GREATOR PLACE TO 9DIVIDUAL WILL1 9TUITION1 IMAG9ATION1 REFLEX SPE$S1 & TO ! DEEP 9/9CTS ( ! MASSES1 :I* >E MORE F>-SEE+ 9 H\RS ( CRISIS ?AN ! REASON+S ( ! 'ELITES'2 LIB]T>IAN M>XISM ?9KS ( ! EFFECTS ( SURPRISE1 PROVOCATION & BOLDNESS1 REFUSES TO BE CLUTT]$ & P>ALYZ$ BY A HEAVY 'SCI5TIFIC' APP>ATUS1 DOESN'T EQUIVOCATE OR BLUFF1 & GU>DS ITSELF FROM ADV5TURISM AS MU* AS FROM FE> ( ! UNKN[N4 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #c1 #aifh 3 ,LIB]T>IAN ,M>XISM8 -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,FEBRU>Y #f1 #bag 3 ,LIB]T>IAN ,M>XISM8 -- ,ADD$4 ,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,LIB]T>IAN ,M>XISM8 -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/